Vigyan Varta An International E-Magazine for Science Enthusiasts E-ISSN: 2582-9467

Popular Article
www.vigyanvarta.com Vol-3, Issue-1 Lata and Mondal (2022)

Uses of Soya Pulp as Unconventional Feeds

for Animals Feeding
Manju Lata1* and B. C. Mondal2
1
Ph.D Scholar, 2Professor, Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttrakhand, India

Corresponding Author
Manju Lata
Email: manjundri1@gmail.com
OPEN ACCESS
Keywords

Soy pulp, Trypsin inhibitor, Neutral detergent fibre, Milk yield, Growth performance

How to cite this article

Lata, M. and Mondal, B. C. 2022. Uses of Soya Pulp as Unconventional Feeds for Animals Feeding.
Vigyan Varta 3(1): 1-3.

ABSTRACT
Soya pulp is the byproduct generated during production of soya milk and soya curd (tofu).
These are much cheaper and less competitive sources of livestock feed and some have
been reported to play an important role in the maintenance of normal structure and
function of intestinal mucosa because of the high fibre content of most of these products.
Soypulp is a high moisture (82-86%), semi-solid and colloidal type of material. The soya
pulp contains 96.59% OM, 21.99% CP and 27.81% NDF. Trypsin inhibitor is one of the most
important factors that will probably limit the application of soya pulp in animal feed.
Drying process requires specialized equipment and is energy intensive.

INTRODUCTION foods of animal origin is showing an increasing

trend. Concentrates is the costly component in

A
griculture including the livestock as an
integral component plays an important
role in Indian economy. The total
livestock population is 535.78 million in the
country reflected an increase of 4.6% over
livestock census 2012. Latest estimate on
demand-supply gap in fodder availability
shows a net deficit of 30.65 % green fodder
and 11.85 % dry crop residues in year 2020
(IGFRI Vision, 2050). This deficit is expected
to increase in upcoming years as productive
livestock population as well as the demand for
livestock raring, not only due to costly feed
ingredients used, but also due to food- feed
competition between humans and livestock.
Keeping these in mind, farmers and researchers
have been trying to incorporate new and
unconventional feed resources as livestock
feed.
Soya pulp is the byproduct generated during
production of soya milk and soya curd (tofu).
These are much cheaper and less competitive
sources of livestock feed and some have been

January, 2022 1 |P a g e
 Vigyan Varta An International E-Magazine for Science Enthusiasts
www.vigyanvarta.com Vol-3, Issue-1
reported to play an important role in the
maintenance of normal structure and function
of intestinal mucosa because of the high fibre
content of most of these products (Adesehinwa,
2007). About 1.1 kg of fresh soya curd residue
is produced from every kg of soya beans
processed into soya milk or tofu (Khare et al.,
1995). Soya pulp is a by-product of soybean
during the production of soya milk or tofu.
About 1.1 kg of fresh soya pulp is produced
from every kilogram of soybeans processed into
soya milk or tofu. Soya pulp is mostly discarded
as waste by industries, which is a major
environmental concern also, due to its
susceptibility to putrefaction. Also, the high
moisture (85%) presents in soya pulp makes it
difficult to handle and it decays quickly.
Soya pulp is one such product, which has not
yet been explored fully. India produced 11.86
million tons of soybean in 2013-14
(Department of Agriculture and Cooperation,
Government of India, 2015) mostly from
Madhya Pradesh (also known as soybean bowl
of India), Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Andhra
Pradesh, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh and
Chhattisgarh. Soybean is used in various forms
such as feed for livestock, source of protein and
oil by human beings and also it is processed into
various products such as soya milk powder,
soya milk, tofu, soya sauce, soya flour, soybean
oil, tempeh etc.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION:
Soypulp is a byproduct of soya sauce industry.
The composition of soya pulp will depend on
the variety of the crop used, harvesting time,
processing methods and probably drying
method. Soypulp is a high moisture (82-86%),
semi-solid and colloidal type of material. The
soya pulp contains 96.59% OM, 21.99% CP
and 27.81% NDF (Rahman et al. 2015).
Soypulp contains 0.055% mono-unsaturated
and 0.147% poly-unsaturated fatty acid
(Asiamaya, 2003). Soya pulp is also found to
contain isoflavones, but in comparatively lower
amounts than in soybean. The processing
method employed for soybean governs amount
of isoflavones left in soya pulp. The fibre is of
January, 2022
E-ISSN: 2582-9467
Popular Article
Lata and Mondal (2022)
good quality and it has been reported that it can
reduce cholesterol level, regulate blood sugar in
diabetic individuals and cure irritable bowl in
human being.
FEEDING OF SOYPULP IN ANIMALS:
Soya pulp is a good source of protein and fibre
and it is also palatable to animals. Therefore, it
can replace part of soybean in cattle, pig, goat,
chicken and fish feeding. Soy pulp can be fed
upto 20% of the DM intake to the cattle. It’s
DCP and TDN contents were 25.33 and 80.87%
for growing crossbred calves. Wang et al.
(2003) in China have tried to replace 50% of
soybean with soya pulp in HF cows, which
maintained milk yield and milk fat percentage
without affecting nutrient intake. Under Indian
conditions, Thakur et al. (2015) replaced soya
pulp with other soya by-products viz., soybean
meal and full fat soya in the concentrate mixture
up to 30% without any adverse effect on DM
intake, milk yield and milk composition of
dairy cows which indicates the importance of
this product in livestock feeding. Dietary
supplementation of soya pulp in organic pig
diet has also been tried. Soya pulp as a cheaper
source of protein can be fed to goats. Supplying
soya pulp in adult goats feeding @ 2% of
BW/day on a dry matter basis resulted in higher
intakes of DM, crude protein (CP) and
metabolisable energy (ME) and improved the
digestibility of DM, organic matter, CP and
neutral detergent fibre than low levels of soya
waste (Rahman et al., 2015).
Methionine and cysteine were the limiting
amino acids while in vitro protein digestibility
was reasonable (Ma et al., 1997). Although,
raw soya bean contains a variety of anti-
nutritional factors but Stanojevic et al. (2013)
reported that there is marked reduction in
activity of trypsin inhibitors, contents of lectin
and urease activity of soya pulp. Soya pulp can
replace other soya by-products viz., soya bean
meal and in the concentrate mixture up to 30%
on nitrogen basis without any adverse effect on
DM intake, milk yield, milk composition and
blood parameters in dairy cows (Thakur et al,
2015).
2 |P a g e
 Vigyan Varta An International E-Magazine for Science Enthusiasts
www.vigyanvarta.com
CONSTRAINTS OF SOYA PULP IN
ANIMAL FEEDING:
The moisture content of fresh soya pulp is
around 80-85% which makes it difficult to
preserve. Consequently, soya pulp will
decompose rapidly once produced. To
overcome these limitations fresh soya pulp
must be dried as early as possible under
appropriate drying conditions. Drying process
requires specialized equipment and is energy
intensive. The resultant costs can be extremely
high relative to the value of the product. This is
the major factor limiting the commercial use of
soya pulp worldwide. However, for
economizing the feeding sun drying is the
method of choice.
ANTI-NUTRITIONAL FACTORS:
Raw soybeans contain a variety of anti-
nutritional factors, especially trypsin inhibitors
which are partially inactivated during the
solvent extraction and toasting process.
Trypsin inhibitor is one of the most important
factors that will probably limit the application
of soya pulp in animal feed. But the processing
method employed viz., soaking and grinding of
soybeans, reduces the amount of trypsin
inhibitor to a level which can be safely used in
animal feeding.
CONCLUSION:
Soya pulp is a cheaper source of protein and
fibre to animal feeding. Different workers have
tried feeding soya pulp to various classes of
animals. It can be used as a replacement to
conventional concentrates or unconventional
feeds for economic feeding without any adverse
January, 2022
E-ISSN: 2582-9467
Popular Article
Vol-3, Issue-1 Lata and Mondal (2022)
effect on growth performance, FCR and milk
yield of animals.
REFERENCES:
Adesehinwa A.O.K. (2007). Utilization of palm
kernel cake as a replacement for maize
in diets of growing pigs: effects on
performance, serum metabolites,
nutrient digestibility and cost of feed
conversion. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci. 13:
593-600.
IGFRI Vision, 2050: Indian Grassland and
Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi (UP).
Khare S.K., Jha K. and Gandhi A.P. (1995).
Citric acid production from okara (soy-
residue) by solid-state fermentation.
Bioresour. Technol. 54: 323-325.
Thakur M., Pannu M.S., Singh P., and Kaur J.
(2015). Influence of Replacement of
Soya By- products with Soya Pulp on
Milk Yield, Composition and Blood
Parameters in Dairy Cows. In. J. Anim.
Nutr. 32 (4): 379-382.
Rahman M.M., Rahman M.R., Nakagawa T.,
Abdullah R.B., Wan Khadijah W.E.
and Akashi R. (2015). Effects of wet
soya waste supplementation on the
intake, growth and reproduction of
goats fed Napier grass. Anim. Feed Sci.
Technol. 199: 104-112.
Wang Z., Wang L., Chen Y and Wu Z. (2003).
Contrast trial of substituting dried tofu
pulp for soybean meal in dairy diet.
China Dairy Cattle 2: 24-26.
3 |P a g e