Unfinished Nation A Concise History of The American People 8th Edition Alan Brinkley Test Bank

Unfinished Nation A Concise History of the American People 8th Edition Alan Brinkley Test Ba
Unfinished Nation A Concise History of the American

People 8th Edition Alan Brinkley Test Bank
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Chapter 05 The American Revolution Key
1. (p. 107) In 1775, as conflicts with England intensified, American colonists
A. believed England was not willing to engage in military operations against them.
B. made extensive efforts to prepare themselves for war.
C. were deeply divided about what they were fighting for.
D. considered arming slaves to help build up the colonial army.
E. saw their larger population as a key advantage over England.
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Topic: The States United
2. (p. 107) Published in January 1776, Common Sense was written by
A. Thomas Paine.
B. Thomas Jefferson.
C. James Otis.
D. James Madison.
E. Ben Franklin.

3. (p. 107, 110) The author of Common Sense
A. was arrested by British officials and charged with treason.

B. was an American who had never been to England.
C. sold very few copies of his pamphlet until after the war was won.
D. considered the English constitution to be the greatest problem facing the colonists.
E. sought to concentrate colonial anger on unpopular parliamentary measures.

4. (p. 110) The Declaration of Independence
A. borrowed heavily from previously published colonial documents.

B. avoided making any direct criticism of the king.
C. originally recommended that all slaves be freed.
D. called for the formation of a two-party democracy.
E. was never formally approved by the Second Continental Congress.

5. (p. 110) Financing the Revolution was difficult for the American side because
A. the colonists’ wealth had all been kept in London.

B. Congress did not have the authority to impose taxes.
C. bonds were not yet in use.
D. the printing of paper money was illegal.
E. foreign nations refused to loan money for the war effort.

5-1
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
6. (p. 110) The war effort by American colonists would be financed primarily by
A. borrowing from abroad.

B. printing paper money.
C. spending hard currency.
D. melting down jewelry into specie.
E. selling bonds.

7. (p. 111) As commander of the Continental army, George Washington
A. saw Congress leave all important military decisions up to his judgment.

B. had no shortage of Americans willing to volunteer to fight the British.
C. was admired, respected, and trusted by nearly all Patriots.
D. was an early critic of independence.
E. had no previous actual military experience.

8. (p. 111) At the start of the Revolution, American advantages over the British included a
A. better relationship with Native American tribes.

B. larger number of troops.
C. more coherent military command structure.
D. better equipped navy.
E. greater commitment to the war.

Topic: The War for Independence
9. (p. 111-112) Which of the following took place during the first phase (1775–1776) of the Revolutionary War?
A. American troops captured Quebec.

B. British troops under William Howe captured Philadelphia.
C. The British won a significant victory in North Carolina.
D. American troops took Nova Scotia.
E. British troops evacuated Boston.

10. (p. 112) In the Battle of Bunker Hill,
A. the Patriots suffered light casualties and won the battle.

B. Benedict Arnold was wounded.
C. the British suffered heavy casualties.
D. the Patriots refused to withdraw and were all killed.
E. the British surrendered their main forces to the Patriots.

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11. (p. 112-114) During the second phase (1776–1778) of the American Revolution, British military efforts were hampered by
A. an American blockade of British ships.

B. American alliances with Native American tribes in the region.
C. the American capture of the commanding British general.
D. a series of tactical blunders and misfortunes.
E. a severe shortage of new soldiers coming from England.

12. (p. 113) When George Washington crossed the Delaware River on Christmas night, 1776, he was intent on surprising
A. American Loyalists.
B. Indians.
C. William Howe.
D. British regulars.
E. the Hessians.

13. (p. 114) The British military campaigns of 1777 saw
A. General William Howe stay in camp when he was supposed to have moved south.
B. a major American victory at Philadelphia.
C. General John Burgoyne suffer a major defeat at Saratoga.
D. the British retake Boston and set it afire.
E. the British surround and lay siege to George Washington’s army at Valley Forge.

14. (p. 114) During the American Revolution, the Iroquois Confederacy officially
A. declared its neutrality.

B. disbanded and withdrew to the west.
C. allied itself with the colonists.
D. allied itself with the British.
E. refused to ally with either combatant until France entered the war.

15. (p. 114) In early 1778, France
A. expelled the colonies’ diplomats, including Benjamin Franklin, from Paris.

B. declared war on both England and Spain.
C. agreed to give the Americans money and supplies, but withheld their soldiers.
D. withdrew military naval support from the U.S., but continued to provide monetary assistance and supplies.
E. recognized the United States as a sovereign nation to help prevent it from abandoning the war effort.

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16. (p. 115) Which of the following nations remained America’s most important ally during the American Revolution?
A. the Netherlands
B. Spain
C. Portugal
D. France
E. Canada

17. (p. 115) In the final phase (1778–1781) of the American Revolution, the British
A. began a policy of “total war” that resulted in several cities being burned to the ground.
B. made a focused effort to win public support in the northern colonies.
C. badly overestimated the support of American Loyalists.
D. mounted their largest military assault against the Continental army.
E. concentrated their efforts on capturing individual Patriots.

18. (p. 118) As the fighting in the final phase of the American Revolution (1778–1781) carried into communities previously isolated
from the war,
A. local criticism of Patriots increased.

B. support for independence greatly increased.
C. more Loyalists began actively helping the British.
D. American armies engaged in more large, open-field battles.
E. large segments of the American population became war refugees.

19. (p. 118) Which of the following statements regarding Benedict Arnold is FALSE?
A. Arnold had previously foiled the advance of Barry St. Leger into the Mohawk Valley.
B. Arnold conspired with the British to betray a Patriot stronghold at West Point, New York.
C. Arnold spent the last years of the Revolution as a prisoner of war.
D. Arnold was an American military hero early in the war.
E. During the war, Arnold grew convinced the American cause was hopeless.

20. (p. 118) Which of the following was the scene of a substantial British victory in the final phase (1778–1781) of the American
Revolution?
A. Charleston
B. Yorktown
C. Guilford Court House
D. Cowpens
E. Saratoga

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21. (p. 118) Which of the following statements regarding General Nathanael Greene is FALSE?
A. He was one of the most effective commanders in the American army.

B. He led American forces to victory in the battle at Yorktown.
C. He was forced to withdraw at Guilford Court House after inflicting heavy losses.
D. He divided his forces into fast-moving contingents to confuse and exasperate Cornwallis.
E. He replaced Horatio Gates as commander of the southern forces in the Continental army.

22. (p. 118) The battle at Yorktown involved
A. the suicide of the commanding British general.

B. evidence that the British were executing prisoners of war.
C. the bloodiest battle of the war.
D. treachery on the part of Benedict Arnold.
E. a combined French and American army and navy.

23. (p. 119) The principal Americans who negotiated the peace terms with the British were
A. John Hancock, Benjamin Franklin, and Samuel Huntington.

B. Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Adams, and John Adams.
C. Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay.
D. Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin.
E. Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson.

24. (p. 119) During the American Revolution, Loyalists
A. freed their slaves to help augment British forces in the colonies.

B. constituted perhaps as many as one-third of the white colonial population.
C. were nearly all office holders in the English government.
D. were forbidden by the Patriots to move to England until the war had ended.
E. were forced to leave the colonies soon after the war began.

Topic: War and Society
25. (p. 119) As a result of the American Revolution, the Anglican Church in America was
A. praised by Patriots for supporting independence.

B. banned in most colonies.
C. tried for aiding and abetting the British.
D. made the official religion of Virginia.
E. weakened.

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26. (p. 120) During the American Revolution, enslaved African Americans in the colonies
A. joined the British army in large numbers to fight against their American masters.
B. were not significantly affected by the conflict.
C. tried to help Loyalists escape to Canada in exchange for their freedom.
D. were assisted by the British to escape, as a way to disrupt the American war effort.
E. were offered their freedom by Americans if they fought against the British.

27. (p. 121) Which of the following statements regarding the American Revolution and Native Americans is FALSE?
A. Some Indians took advantage of the conflict to launch attacks of their own.
B. The outcome of the war largely weakened the position of Indians.
C. Most Indian tribes chose to stay out of the war.
D. After the war, many Indians began to adapt to the norms of white society.
.
E. Indians generally had better relations with the British than with the Americans.

28. (p. 121) During the American Revolution, female “camp followers”
A. played traditional female roles and were not involved in combat.

B. were prostitutes.
C. served to maintain traditional gender distinctions.
D. assisted in the support of regular troops.
E. often inadvertently betrayed the position of Washington’s army.

29. (p. 123-124) Regarding the status of women, the effect of the American Revolution
A. generally weakened the position of women in society.

B. was to dismantle the patriarchal legal system.
C. was minimal and short-term.
D. was to end the traditional cultural concepts of the female role in society.
E. led some women to question their position in society.

30. (p. 122-123) In 1776, Abigail Adams was an advocate for
A. new protections for women against abusive and tyrannical men.

B. temperance.
C. support for impoverished war widows.
D. a woman’s right to vote.
E. full gender equality in the new post-war nation.

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31. (p. 123) The prominent eighteenth-century essayist Judith Sargent Murray placed her greatest emphasis on the right of women to
A. divorce.
B. own property.
C. serve in combat.
D. vote.
E. obtain an education.

32. (p. 123-124) In colonial America, under English common law a married woman
A. could not own property.

B. could only initiate divorce in case of adultery.
C. had more legal rights than unmarried women.
D. was not allowed to earn wages.
E. had legal authority over her children.

33. (p. 124) Following the American Revolution, as the republic took shape in the 1780s, greater social importance was attached to
women in the role of
A. wives.
B. feminists.
C. mothers.
D. citizens.
E. nurses.

34. (p. 124) Post-Revolution American domestic manufacturing was stimulated by
A. an English desire to protect American vessels.

B. the flood of immigration after the war.
C. the closing of British ports to American trade.
D. British abandonment of impressments.
E. favorable trade agreements with England.

35. (p. 124) The core American political ideology of the post-war period considered the success of the new republican governments to
be dependent on
A. independent landowners.
B. a strong central governing authority.
C. the development of heavy industry.
D. the creation of a strong military.
E. westward expansion.

Topic: The Creation of State Governments
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36. (p. 124-125) For most Revolutionary American political thinkers, the concept of equality meant that there should be equality of
A. opportunity and of condition.

B. rights, regardless of race, sex, or property.
C. rights and of condition.
D. opportunity.
E. condition.

37. (p. 125) During the 1780s, in every new state constitution,
A. property requirements for voting were relaxed or eliminated.

B. the executive and legislative branches were combined.
C. governors were prevented from holding a seat in the legislature.
D. governors were given the authority to veto bills.
E. state legislatures were to be chosen by a direct popular vote.

38. (p. 125) During the 1780s, most state governments
A. eliminated property requirements for voters.

B. moved to limit popular power.
C. were notable for their stability.
D. remained strongly elitist.
E. found it difficult to revise their constitutions.

39. (p. 126) In 1780, Massachusetts sought to revise the power of the governor by
A. allowing the legislature to set his salary.

B. taking away his authority to veto legislation.
C. permitting him to sit in the legislature.
D. granting him the power to tax.
E. having him elected directly by the people.

40. (p. 126) The Virginia Statute of Religious Liberty of 1786
A. was written by James Madison.

B. All these answers are correct.
C. only applied to Christian denominations.
D. called for a complete separation of church and state.
E. gave all religious denominations special privileges within the state.

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41. (p. 126) Which statement about slavery in America in the 1780s is true?
A. Virginia passed a law forbidding the manumission of slaves.

B. Many southern states prohibited the importation of slaves from abroad.
C. Most whites believed blacks should be integrated into American society as equals.
D. The strongest forces against slavery were found in the western colonies.
E. In no state was it illegal.

42. (p. 126-127) Under the Articles of Confederation in 1777 there was a federal
A. executive.
B. judiciary.
C. Congress.
D. bureaucracy.
E. All these answers are correct.

Topic: The Search for a National Government
43. (p. 126-127) Under the Articles of Confederation, the national government had the power to
A. draft troops.
B. levy direct taxes on the people.
C. override state laws.
D. regulate trade.
E. borrow and issue money.

44. (p. 127) Under the Articles of Confederation,
A. no legislation could be passed without all states voting on the issue.

B. there could be no amendments to the Articles.
C. each state had one vote in Congress.
D. the executive had the power to veto legislative decisions.
E. all states had to approve any important measure.

45. (p. 127) The Articles of Confederation were finally approved when states gave up their
A. power to make war.

B. power to regulate trade.
C. plans for emancipation.
D. claims to western lands.
E. right to levy their own taxes.

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46. (p. 127) Shortly after signing the Treaty of Paris of 1783, the British government
A. evacuated its forts in America.

B. attempted to purchase Florida.
C. made restitution to slaveholders for slaves the British army had confiscated during the war.
D. restricted American access to British markets.
E. declared war on Spain to take its New World colonies away.

47. (p. 127) Who did the Congress send to London as a minister in 1784 to resolve the differences between the Confederation and the
British regarding the peace treaty of 1783?
A. James Madison
B. Benjamin Franklin
C. John Jay
D. John Adams
E. George Washington

48. (p. 127-129) The Ordinances of 1784 and 1785 represented an attempt to
A. compromise on the question of slavery expanding into the territories.

B. enhance the power of the central government.
C. provide for the admission of new states into the union.
D. gain redress from the English at the expense of Native Americans.
E. eliminate slavery in the western states.

49. (p. 129) The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
A. guaranteed freedom of religion throughout the affected areas.

B. created a single territory out of the lands north of Ohio.
C. prohibited slavery within the affected areas.
D. abandoned the system created in the 1784 Ordinance.
E. All these answers are correct.

50. (p. 129) The efforts of Little Turtle in the early 1790s represented an attempt by Indians to
A. negotiate the sale of Indian lands.

B. resist white expansion by military force.
C. maintain their lands given through treaties.
D. accommodate white settlers.
E. encourage England to mediate a settlement between Indians and the new nation.

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51. (p. 129) The 1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers
A. resulted in the death of General Anthony Wayne.

B. forced the Miami Indians into negotiations with the United States.
C. saw the U.S. forces suffer a significant defeat.
D. represented the last major military victory for Indians against the U.S.
E. led the United States to temporarily evacuate from the Ohio Valley.

52. (p. 129) The 1795 Treaty of Greenville
A. removed all restrictions to white settlement of the Ohio Valley.

B. compelled the Miami Indians to move out of the Ohio Valley.
C. led the United States to affirm that Indian lands could be ceded only by the tribes themselves.
D. was never signed by any Indian leaders.
E. allowed the Miami Indians navigation rights to the Mississippi.

53. (p. 130-131) As leaders of a tax rebellion the 1780s, Daniel Shays and his supporters demanded
A. renewed trade agreements with England.

B. the nation’s capital be moved to New England.
C. the right to vote for all white men, regardless of property holdings.
D. a moratorium on debt collection.
E. an end to paper currency.

54. (p. 130-131) One effect of Shays’s Rebellion was that it
A. contributed to the growing belief the national government needed reform.

B. encouraged Massachusetts to adopt gradual emancipation.
C. led to the downfall of the state government in Massachusetts.
D. led the federal government to adopt the gold standard.
E. temporarily brought a halt to the new American government.

55. (p. 110) The Declaration of Independence borrowed heavily from previously written colonial documents.
TRUE
56. (p. 110) One effect of the Declaration of Independence was that individual colonies were motivated to reconstitute themselves as
“states.”
TRUE
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57. (p. 110) In composing the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson borrowed heavily from the political theories of Thomas
Hobbes.
FALSE
58. (p. 110) Both Congress, under the Articles of Confederation, and the various state legislatures had the power to independently tax
individual Americans.
FALSE
59. (p. 111) When George Washington took command of the Continental army, he did not have a great deal of public confidence.
FALSE
60. (p. 114) The Battle of Saratoga (1777) was both a turning point in the Revolutionary War and a victory for the colonists.
TRUE
61. (p. 114) The United States never negotiated a formal alliance with France during the Revolutionary War.
FALSE
62. (p. 115) France was an American ally during the Revolutionary War, but it never provided the Americans with significant amounts
of money or munitions.
FALSE
63. (p. 119) Cornwallis’s defeat at Yorktown led not only to the resignation of Lord North as prime minister, but to public outcries in
England against continuing the war.
TRUE
64. (p. 119) The Americans violated their alliance with France by negotiating a peace with Great Britain without informing the French.
TRUE
65. (p. 119) Few Loyalists were so disaffected as to leave the United States as a result of their opposition to the Revolutionary War.
FALSE
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66. (p. 119-120) Both Quakers and Catholics were strengthened as a result of their support for the Patriot cause and the Revolutionary
War.
FALSE
67. (p. 120) For some African Americans, the Revolution meant increased exposure to the concept of liberty.
TRUE
68. (p. 121) By the end of the Revolutionary War, the position of Native Americans in and near the United States had been strengthened
by their support of the Patriot cause.
FALSE
69. (p. 121) Women, sometimes by choice but more often by necessity, flocked to the camps of the Patriot armies during the
Revolutionary War.
TRUE
70. (p. 123-124) Under English common law, a single woman had greater legal rights than a married woman.
TRUE
71. (p. 124-125) The republican concept of equality included the belief that not all people would live equally.
TRUE
72. (p. 125) New state constitutions drafted during the Revolutionary War sought to expand the power of the executive.
FALSE
73. (p. 126) Thomas Jefferson had deep moral misgivings about slavery, but he could not envision any alternative to it.
TRUE
74. (p. 127) The Articles of Confederation could not be amended until all thirteen state legislatures approved.
TRUE
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75. (p. 130-131) Shays’s Rebellion was such a failure that it lessened the sense of need for a new federal constitution.
FALSE
76. Weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each side in fighting the Revolutionary War.

77. Compare the leading personalities on both sides in an explanation as to why the upstart United States was able to defeat England.
78. Describe the significance France played in the American Revolution.
79. Considering the events from 1763 to 1781, what could England have done differently to either prevent war or be more successful
in waging war?
80. What impact did the American Revolution have on the rights and status of women?
81. What was the legacy of the American Revolution for Native Americans?
82. Characterize the debate over slavery in America immediately following the Revolution.
83. How did the American ideology of republicanism affect the formation of state governments during and following the
Revolutionary War?
84. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the structure of government as defined by the Articles of Confederation.
85. Considering the causes that led to the American Revolution, make a case that the Articles of Confederation were a logical form of
government for the revolutionaries to adopt.
86. Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?
87. Detail the problems facing the Confederation over the issue of western land, and explain its success in resolving many of those
problems.
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88. Why was pressure building for a new constitution during the second half of the 1780s?
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Unfinished Nation A Concise History of the American People 8th Edition Alan Brinkley Test Ba
Chapter 05 The American Revolution Summary

Category-# of Questions
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation-75
Topic: The Creation of State Governments-11
Topic: The Search for a National Government-20
Topic: The States United-14
Topic: The War for Independence-25
Topic: War and Society-20
5-16
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Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

2. (p. 107) Published in January 1776, Common Sense was written by

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

3. (p. 107, 110) The author of Common Sense

A. was arrested by British officials and charged with treason.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

4. (p. 110) The Declaration of Independence

A. borrowed heavily from previously published colonial documents.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

A. the colonists’ wealth had all been kept in London.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

A. borrowing from abroad.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

7. (p. 111) As commander of the Continental army, George Washington

A. saw Congress leave all important military decisions up to his judgment.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

A. better relationship with Native American tribes.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

A. American troops captured Quebec.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

10. (p. 112) In the Battle of Bunker Hill,

A. the Patriots suffered light casualties and won the battle.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

A. an American blockade of British ships.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

13. (p. 114) The British military campaigns of 1777 saw

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

A. declared its neutrality.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

15. (p. 114) In early 1778, France

A. expelled the colonies’ diplomats, including Benjamin Franklin, from Paris.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

A. local criticism of Patriots increased.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

A. He was one of the most effective commanders in the American army.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

22. (p. 118) The battle at Yorktown involved

A. the suicide of the commanding British general.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

A. John Hancock, Benjamin Franklin, and Samuel Huntington.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

24. (p. 119) During the American Revolution, Loyalists

A. freed their slaves to help augment British forces in the colonies.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

A. praised by Patriots for supporting independence.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

A. played traditional female roles and were not involved in combat.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

A. generally weakened the position of women in society.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

30. (p. 122-123) In 1776, Abigail Adams was an advocate for

A. new protections for women against abusive and tyrannical men.