Lesson Plans Grade 8 Matthew Goniwe Doc 2.geography Term 2

CAPS
LESSON PREPARATION FOR SOCIAL SCIENCES

GRADE 8 SUBJECT: GEO WEEK LESSON TOPIC: Factors that influence temperature and rainfall
1 1 SUBTOPIC: Distance from the equator (latitude) (30 min)
LESSON SUMMARY FOR: DATE DATE

STARTED COMPLETED
LESSON By the end of this lesson, learners will be able to: CONCEPTS
OBJECTIVES  Understand how temperature are affected by five factors.  Lattitude lines
 Places close to the equator are warmer than places further away from the equator.  Longitude lines
 Use information to describe, explain and answer questions about places.  Equator
 Think independantly and support their ides with sound knowledge  Tropic of capricorn
 Identify and extract information from sources, including visual sources.  Tropic of cancer
TEACHER ACTIVITIES TIMING LEARNER TIMING RESOURCES NEEDED

ACTIVITIES
Introduction. Picture diagramme of how the sun

1.Use a visual source: picture or poster or a 10 min 1.Learners observe the penetrates the earth from an
diagram to illustrate how the sun penetrates diagram.See fig. 1.1 angle.
the earth. 2.Posssible answers
See fig 1.1 . world map/ earth globe
2.Do a baseline assessment by testing 2.1. Longitude lines cross the
learners pre- knowledge on the longitude globe joining the north and the
south poles.
and latitude lines. This can be done orally in It indicates different time zones
a class discusssion. It divides the earth into into
Key Questions: 180° East and 180°
2.1What did you learnt about longitude and West from the Greenwich
latitude lines on a world map/ globe? meridian 0 °line
2.2What is the diffrence between high 2.2 High latitude lines are lines
closer to the poles.
latitude lines and low latitude lines?
Low latitude lines are lines
2.3Name the important latitude lines on a
map/ earth globe A-E closer to the equator.
 Label the following letters on the 2.3. A.Equator

worldmap/earth globe B.Tropic of Cancer
A.Equator C. Topic of Capricorn
B.Tropic of Cancer D. Antarctic circle
C. Topic of Capricorn E. Artic circle
D. Antarctic circle
E. Artic circle 4. The sun penetrates the
earth at the equator at a
 See figure 1.1 10 min shorter distance and more
intense than the poles. The sun
2.4Why is it hot at the equator and cold at
penetrates the areas further
the poles. away from equator at longer
distance spread over a larger
Body 5 min area.
3. Illustate to learners on the diagram/
picture how the sun penetrates the earth.
Indicate to leaners how temperature
decreases as you move away from the
equator into the higer lattitude. 5min Body
The further you move from the 3.Learners listen attentively to
equator the colder it becomes. the demontration how the sun
penetrates the earth at different
angles.
4.Teacher ask the following questions: At the the sunrays at the
Key questions: equator more direct.
4.1Why is it warm at the equator? At the poles,the unrays reach
the earth more at a oblique
4.2What is it cold at the poles
angle.
5.Conclusion
Ask learners what they have learnt from the
above digram/illustation or how the sun Possible answers
penetrates the earth at the equator and the
4.1The earth is curved
poles.
at the equator the sun rays
shine directly down on the
earthsurface. The sun take
shorter distance to penetrate
the earth at the equator.
4.2. At the poles the sun rays
are spread over a larger area
of land due to the curvature of
the earth
5.Learners response
what they have learnt from the
from the lesson.
See anwers 2.1 an 2.2, 3 and
4.1 and 4.2
References:
The Climate Energy Balance of the Earth - Alan Betts
alanbetts.com/.../the-climate-energy-balance-of-the
How does distance from the sea affect temperature? | Ask.com
www.ask.com › Science › Earth Science
How does a location's distance from the sea affect the temperature ...
https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid..
Geography- Factors affecting temperature flashcards | Quizlet
quizlet.com/.../geography-factors-affecting-temper...
Vocabulary words for Factors affecting temperature: Latitude, altitude, cloud cover, distance from sea, winds and ocean currents, aspect, length of
day. Includes
WorldlyWise: What factors affect temperature?
worldlywise.blogspot.com/.../what-factors-affect-te...
10 Feb. 2008 - You should be able to explain a variety of factors that affect temperature on a global scale, including: - latitude (distance from the
equator)
TEACHER REFLECTION:
Teacher can summarise the information as classnotes.
Name of teacher: ______________________________ HOD: ____________________________________ ______
Sign: _______________________________ Sign: __________________________________________
Date: _______________________________ Date: __________________________________

CAPS
1 2 SUBTOPIC: Distance from the equator : Continue(30 min)

STARTED COMPLETED
OBJECTIVES  Understand how temperature are affected by distance from sea/laitude. Penetrate-
 Places close to the equator are warmer than places further away from the equator. Tropic of Cancer
 Use information to describe, explain and answer questions about places. Tropic of capricorn
 Think independantly and support their ideas with sound knowledge Antartic circle
 Identify and extract information from sources, including visual sources. Artic circle.

ACTIVITIES
1.Introduction: Possible answers: World globe/ world map

Before engaging with the lesson , test 5 min 1.1The earth is curved Diagram of the sun rays
learners pre-knowledge about their at the equator the sun rays penetrating the earth
shine directly down on the
understanding of how the sun penetrates the Fig 1.1 and Fig 1.2
earthsurface. The sun take
lattitude lines at different angles. shorter distance to penetrate
Key question. the earth at the equator.
1.1Why is it warmer at the equator and cold
at the poles? At the poles the sun rays are
spread over a larger area of
land due to the curvature of
the earth
2.Body:
2.1 Use the diagram in fig 1.1 or fig 1.2 The further you move from the
earthglobe/ a world map to illustrate the equator the colder it becomes
different latitude lines.
2.Body
2.2 Refer back to diagram at fig 1.1 or
fig 1.2 ask learners to Identify and extract 10min
information from the diagram/map
 Teacher shloud indicate A-E on 2.3
worldmap Fig 1.2 See possible answers
Key Questions.
A- 40°C near equator
2.3 If you stay at A and the temperature is
average 40°C what do you think the average
temperature will be at B, C , D.and E. B- 10°C°- 20°C midddle
latitude lines Northern
hemisphere
C- 20°C – 30 °C middle
latitude lines in Soutern
hemisphere
3. Conclusion
Instruct learners to use the time to D –25°C – plus/minus 0°- 5°C
complete written classnotes – near the poles. Always
covered with ice/snow.
Learners complete the activity .
See attachment. E -5°C – near the poles.
Always covered with ice/snow.
3 .Allow learners to complete

classnotes and the activity.
15min
References:
The Climate Energy Balance of the Earth - Alan Betts
alanbetts.com/.../the-climate-energy-balance-of-the
day. Includes
WorldlyWise: What factors affect temperature?
worldlywise.blogspot.com/.../what-factors-affect-te...
10 Feb. 2008 - You should be able to explain a variety of factors that affect temperature on a global scale, including: - latitude (distance from the
equator)
TEACHER REFLECTION:
Activity can be a given as homework/expanded opportunity.
Name of teacher: ______________________________ HOD: ____________________________________
Sign: _______________________________ Sign: __________________________________________
Date: _______________________________ Date: __________________________________
Classnotes.
At the equator temperature are high /hot.

The further away from the equator the colder it becmes(temperature decreases)
Polar regions are colder because the sunrays have to travel through longer distance and has to spread energy over larger areas, than the equator.
FIG 1.1
KEY: A – Equator B- Tropic of Cancer C- Tropic of Capricorn D – Antarctic Circle E Arctic Circle
FIG 1.2
KEY: A – Equator B- Tropic of Cancer C- Tropic of Capricorn D – Antarctic Circle E Arctic Circle
Activity.
1. Use an world map/earth globe see fig 1.1 or fig 1.2 for learners to identify the following places
2 If the temperatue is average 15°C in Canada. What will the average temperature be in Nigeria ( North Africa) during winter?
Give a reason for your answer.
3. Congo in Central Africa have a average temp of 45°C throuhout the year. Give a reason for this statement.
4. South africa have a average temperature of 25°C-30°C during summer. Why does Antartica experience -4° C even it
is in the southern hemishere?
Motivate your answers.
Memorandum
1. Identify the places. Canada in North America, Algeria Noth Africa Congo central Africa, South Africa , Antartica in South Poles.
2. Nigeria temperature will be higher(average 25⁰C to 40⁰C) as its located near to the equator,Canada will be lower(± 8⁰C to20⁰C) as it
located nearer to the polar regions.
3. Temperature are warm/hot at the equator throughout the near. The sun penetrates the earth directly/intense/smaller area
at the equator.
4. Places at the poles are cold throughout the year. Further away from the equator the colder it becomes. South –Africa is
located at the 30°South latitude line, therefore temperatures will be moderate.
Sign: _______________________________ Sign: __________________________________________
Date: _______________________________ Date: __________________________________
CAPS
1 3 SUBTOPIC: Distance from the Sea.

STARTED COMPLETED
OBJECTIVES  Understand how temperature are affected by distance from the sea. Temperature range- the difrence
 Understand that places close to the sea have smaller temperature differences between high and low temperature.
 Places far away from the sea have extreme teperature differences.. Extreme- means either very hot or very
 Use information to describe, explain and answer questions about places. cold.
 Think independantly and support their ides with sound knowledge
 Identify and extract information from sources, including visual sources.
TEACHER ACTIVITIES TIMING LEARNER ACTIVITIES TIMING RESOURCES

NEEDED
1.Introduction 5min 1.Introduction

Do corrections of the previous activity. Writing bord
2.Explain to the learners that they will be do Learners do remedial work. 10 min Flip chart
Each learner mark the answers of activity of
a class discussion on the following
the previous lesson. See memorandum.
questions.
Can be done orally/informally in class. 10 min
2.1Learners will response by show of hands.
2.1Key questions: Each learners shloud give their experience
on the weather, the temperature during winter
Which learners have visited the following or summer. 5min
places:
Durban, Cape town , Upinton or
Bloemfontein. Learners shloud briefly
discuss which time of the year they visited 5 min
these places and what was the weather
conditions.
3.Body
3.Body
Draw a table on a flipchart/ writing board and
ask learners to compare the temperature of Place Winter Summer
the places and indicate whether these places Durban Moderate/ Hot
are coatal areas or inland. 25⁰C 30⁰c
Cape Town Cold 10- Moderate
Place Winter Summer 20⁰C 20⁰C
Durban Upington Cold 5⁰- Hot 40⁰C
Cape Town 15⁰C
Upington 10 min Blomfontein Cold Moderate-
Blomfontein hot
Limpopo Limpopo Cold Hot
Place
Durban Coastal
4.Conclusion. Cape Town Coastal
Ask learners to explain why they think places Upington Inland
Blomfontein Inland
temperature differ from place to place.
Limpopo Inland
Teacher explain why the temperature at the
coastal will have moderate temperatures,
while the inland will have extreme
4. Conclusion
temperature diffrences
Places away from the sea have extreme temp
differences, while sea water cool down slowly
and affact the moderate temp at coastal areas
during winter and summer.
References:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitude_above_ground_level
Height above mean sea level (AMSL) is the elevation ... The elevation of a mountain denotes the highest ...evation ... The elevation of a mountain
denotes the highest ...
Altitude Above Sea Level
advt.zapmeta.co.za/Altitude+Above+Sea+Level
Large bodies of water take longer to warm or cool than the land does, so coastal regions generally see lower temperatures during the summer and warmer ...
How does Distance from the Sea affect Temperature? - Yahoo Answers
https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid...
12 Mei 2010 - Land heats and cools faster than water, or put another way, proximity to water moderates the temperatures. The further away you are from
water, ...
TEACHER REFLECTION:
Sign: _______________________________ Sign: __________________________________________
Date: _______________________________ Date: __________________________________
CAPS
2 4 SUBTOPIC: Distance from the sea. (Continue)

STARTED COMPLETED
OBJECTIVES  Understand how temperature are affected by five factors. Maritime climate
 . Understand that places close to the sea have smaller temperature differences Continental climate
 Places far away from the sea have extreme teperature differences.. Moderate
 Use information to describe, explain and answer questions about places. Sea breese
 Think independantly and support their ides with sound knowledge Land breese

ACTIVITIES
1.Introduction 10 min 1.Introduction Diagramme/picture see fig 1.3

Teacher make use of diagramm/ slides to Slides
illustate how distance from the sea influence
Learner possible answers.
temperature. See fig 1.3
Give a senario/ demonstration of the
following: 1.1 Takes long for water to
1.1 If you boil water how long does it take to cool down. Water keeps heat
cool off? for a longer period of t time
1.2If you cook a meal how long does it take
to cool of. 1.2.Food cools off quickly.
1.3 Can you walk barefoot on the sand
1.3. Sometimes the ground/soil
during the day/ is hot. Mostly it burns your
1.4Can you walk barefeet at night. feet.
1.5Explain what is the difference of both 15 min
scenarios. 1.4. Yes, the earth cools down.
2.Body:
Teacher explain the reason for above 1.5. Water takes longer to cool
down , while the land takes
mentioned senarios, and how the sea
influences the temp. Teacher explain the the quicker to cool down.
following information.
2.1. Sea/water will moderate the

temperature of a place close to the sea.
2.2 Sea water can either be hot or cold.
What effect will it have on a place?
2.3It effects the temperature of coastal
areas by increasing or decreasing the
temperatures.
2.4 Land heats and cools down rapidly
than water, that means places away from
the sea have extreme temperature
differences.
2.4 At coastal areas the temperature
during the winter months are warmer and
summers are cooler than places which are
at same latitude, but are far from the sea.
2.5. Therefore temp at sea are moderate-
the temperature differnce is small between
winter and summer.
2.6. Places inland(interioir) the
temperatures are high in summer and cold
in winter. There are big temperature
difference
2.7.Why does this happen?
Land heats up more quicker and cools
down quicker than the sea- this happen
also during seasonal times.
2.8.What do you think what happen to
water?
Water take long to heat up and take long
to cool down , therefore it influece the
moderate temperature of coatal areas.
Alow learners to complete the class notes/
use an activity to consolidate the lesson.
This two aspects does not have to be explain

in detail learners just have to understand the
concepts.
2.9 Maritime and Continental climate?
What is the difference between maritime
and Continenatal climate?
Teacher shloud use the diagram in Fig 1.3

To explain concepts to the learners.
Maritime climate - marine means sea- temp

influences by sea.
Continental Climate- Continent means 5min
land- temp far from the sea.
2.10.Sea breese and land breese.
What is a sea breese and a land breese?
Use the diagram in fig 1.3 showing the
winds during the day and night. During the
day, the cool air from the sea breesze blows
from the sea to the land. During the night,
the cold air from the land (called a land
breeze) blows away from the land towards
the sea.
Additional information
Places that are far from the sea do not
have any cooling effect of land and sea
breese
The wind from the sea cannot travel that
far inland sdo there is no cooling during
the day. These places will be hot. During
the night places away from the sea also
get cold because they have no influence
of the ocean
3.Conclusion:
Test learners understanding of the concepts
maritime, continental climate and the
diffrence between a sea breeze and a land
breeze.
References:
day. Includes
TEACHER REFLECTION:
Educator may alow learners to write the information as part of the class notes/ or Copy information on a worksheet to save time.
Sign: _______________________________ Sign: __________________________________________
Date: _______________________________ Date: __________________________________

FIG 1.3
CAPS
2 5 SUBTOPIC: Height above Sea level (altitude) (30 min)

STARTED COMPLETED
OBJECTIVES  Understand how height above sea level (altitude) influences temeparature Sea-level
 Undestand that a increse in height is a decrease in temperature Altitude-
 Think independantly and support their ides with sound knowledge Temperature range-

ACTIVITIES
1.Introduction 5 min 1.Introduction Use gig 1.4 to 1.7 to explain height

1.1.Explain to learners that they will be 1.1Learners listen to above sea level
completing different activities during the instructions. Textbooks
lesson. Writting bord
1.2. Show learners a diagramme or visual
resource on altitude/ any place above sea 1.2. Learners extract 5 min
level information from sources.
See fig 1.4 to fig 1.7 See fig 1.4 and fig 1.7
Ask learners to Identify and extract
information from sources.
Teacher explain answer by indicating on the
diagramme.
Key Questions:
1.1What is meant with sea level/ see letter
A?
1.2What do you notice about the Possible answers:
temperature at sea level? 1.1.Sea level. Ground level
1.3What is the temeparature at the altitude of 10 min /land level with the sea.
1500m/ higher levels?
1.2. A will be warm
2.Body
Can aslo be used as class notes. 1.3. Cold – the higher you go
Teacher explains the following information: the colder it becomes.
1.The atmosphere retains its heat in the

lower atmosphere due to water vapour
and dust particles.
2. The higher the altitude the colder it
become, the atmosphere becomes less
dense.
3. In the lower layers temperature
decreases by 6.4°C for every 1000 meters
4. Mountain areas and high areas are
therefore cooler than those places at
lower altitude.
5. That means the higher a place the
lower the temperature, the lower a place
the warmer the temperature.
6 Point out the location of Mt Everest on
the map Fig 1.7
3.Conclusion:
Learners write down the above information
as class notes.
Learners complete an activity from the
textbooks. Or see attach activity.
Conclusion
Learners write down the above

information as class notes.
10 min
Learners complete an activity
from the textbooks aligned with
the lesson or see attach
activity.
References:
How does elevation above sea level influence temperature?
https://answers.yahoo.com/question/
Temperature and Elevation - NEWTON Ask A Scientist
www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/..
TEACHER REFLECTION:
Learners write down the above information as class notes .
Activity can be completed ad homework
Sign: _______________________________ Sign: __________________________________________
Date: _______________________________ Date: __________________________________
FIG 1.4
FIG 1.5
FIG 1.6
FIG 1.7
Activity
Rewrite the sentences below by filling in the blank spaces using the words:
land, lower, winter, continental, longer,temperatures, water, summer
1. The further away from the tropics, the angle of the noon sun is increasingly ___________ and _______________ are correspondingly lower.The sun
heat is absorbed and released more slowly by____________ than____________. The sea takes___________ to heat up than the land and also longer
to cool down. Places near the sea are cooler in _______________ and warmer in____________ than places inland. Places inland and a long distance
away from the sea have_______________.
2.Study the following statistics of Kimberley and Durban and answer the question that follows.
Tempertaures in Kimberley( inland)
JAN FEB MARCH APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
High 33 31 29 25 21 19 18 21 26 28 30 32
temp⁰C
Low 18 17 15 11 7 3 3 3 5 9 12 17
temp⁰C
Temperatures in Durban (coastal area)
TEMP JAN FEB MARCH APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
High 28 28 28 26 25 23 23 23 24 25 26 27
temp⁰C
Low 21 21 20 17 14 11 11 13 15 18 18 20
temp⁰C
2.1.What do you understand with the term temperature range?
2.2.Calculate the temperature range for Kimberley in January and July.

2.3. Calculate the temperature range for Durban in January and July.
2.4. Which city has the biggest temperature range in both summer and winter?
Memorandum
1.The further away from the tropics, the angle of the noon sun is increasingly lower and temperatures are correspondingly lower.
The sun;s heat is absorbed and released more slowly by water than land . The sea takes longer to heat up than the land and also longer to cool down.
Places near the sea are cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland. Places inland and a long distance away from the sea have
continental climates.
2. 1.The difference between high and low temperatures
2.2 Kimberley: Jan 33-18 = 15⁰C , Jul : 18-3= 15⁰C
2.3.Durban Jan 28- 23= 5⁰, Jul 23-11= 12⁰C
2.4. Kimberley: inland- earth cools down rapidly and warm up rapidly.
CAPS
2 6 SUBTOPIC: : Height above Sea level (altitude) (30 min)

STARTED COMPLETED
OBJECTIVES  Understand how temperature are affected by five factors. Mount Everest
 Understand how height above sea level (altitude) influences temeparature Mount Kilimanjaro
 Undestand that a increse in height is a decrease in temperature Height above sea-level
 Think independantly and support their ides with sound knowledge

ACTIVITIES
1.Introduction:
Teacher continue with the previous lesson. 10 min Map
Educator refer learners to the diagram of 1.Learners study fig 1.5- fig 1.7 10 min Fig. 1.5, fig 1.6, and fig 1.7
And answer the the key
Fig 1. 5 , Fig 1.6 and Fig 1.7 (MAP)
question.
Give learners the following senario.
 The top of Mount Everest/

Kilomanjiro/Mount Kenya is
permantly coverd in snow and ice.
Most of these mountains is on the
equator about 5 199 meters Body .
above sea level Key question:
 Point out the location of Mt Why is this mountains
Everest on the map Fig 1.7 always covered with snow?
Addtional information
Mount Everest reaches more than Possible answers
29000 feet above sea level. Facts,
2.1The higher you go the
location and height of world's highest
colder it becomes.
mountain Sun rays heat the earth
Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest peak surface wich pases on the heat
in Africa and is a major tourist to the air above.
attraction. kilimanjaro is located in Air is less dense at high
Tanzania altitudes and contains less
water vapour, dust and
pollution. Clouds and pollution
prevent heat to escape from
the earth surface. In higher
Body altitudes heat is quickly lost
Key question: and the temperature is low.
2.1Why is this mountains always covered
with snow? In hot desert the lack of water
Answers can be done orally or wriiten in vapour in the atmosphere
work books. results in the earth becoming
very hot during the day. At
2.2Explain to the learners why these
night this heat escapes quickly
mountains are covered with snow even it is back to the atmoshere causing
located near the equator. desert nights to be cold.
3.Conclusion
Learners complete the following activity

to test learners understanding of the work
covered.
Teacher can refer to textbook activity or see
activity attached.
10 min
Leaners complete activity
References:
www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/.../
TEACHER REFLECTION:
Sign: _______________________________ Sign: __________________________________________
Date: _______________________________ Date: __________________________________

ACTIVITY
1. Two friends are SMSing each other. One is at the beach in Durban and says how warm the sea is. The
other is on a school trip to the top of the Drakensberg says it is freezing cold and snowing. Explain why it
is cold and snowing in the Drakensberg but the sea is warm in Durban.
2. Use an world map(atlas) to locate the following places and answer the questions.
a) Perth (Australia)
b) Moscow (Russia)
c) Durban (South Africa)
d) Singapore (near Malaysia)
 How far are they from the equator.
 Are they coatal or inland cities.
3. Whiich of the four places has the highest altitude/(height above sea level)
4. Which place do you think is the hottest through the year? Explain your answer.
5. Which place has the coldest winter. Explain yor answer?

Memorandum
1. It is warm in Durban because the warm Mosambiques ocean current flows past Durban.It is much colder
in the Drakensburg because they are at a much higher altitude than Durban. The air in the upper
atmosphere are cold enough to cause snow.
2 a) Perth (Australia) between 30⁰- 40⁰ south latitude More middle latitude- coastal
b) Moscow (Russia) 60⁰ north far from eqautor-coastal
c) Durban (South Africa) 30⁰ South- Middle latitude- coastal
d) Singapore (near Malaysia) 5⁰ North – near the equator- coatal
3.
4. Singapore- nearer to the equator
5. Moscow- nearer to the poles.

CAPS
GRADE 8 SUBJECT: GEO WEEK LESSON TOPIC: Factors that influence rainfall.
3 7 SUBTOPIC: : Distance from the equator

STARTED COMPLETED
OBJECTIVES  Understand how the distance from the sea influences rainfall Equatorial area
 Think independantly and support their ideas with sound knowledge Tropical area
 Identify and extract information from sources, including visual sources. Sub tropical areas

ACTIVITIES
1.Intoduction. 5min 1.Learners possible answers. World map

Before starting the lesson test learners pre- Poster/ illustration of graphs of the
knowledge . 1.1The further away from the Annual rainfall for the Tropic
equator the colder it become,
Key question: regions and the Polar region
the closer to the equator the
1.1.How did distance from the equator warmer it becomes.
influence temperature?
1.2Explain the different concepts 1.2 See definitions
Body
1.3 Instruct learners to study the world map
Body
See Fig 1.1 indicate the location of above
mentiones areas 10 min
1.3Learners response to the
Indicate to learners the tropic areas and the location of the tropic areas,the
sub-tropic areas aswell as the polar regions. subtropical areas and the
Key questions polar regions.
1.3.1Between which two latitude lines is 1.3.1

South- Africa Located? 23° and 35° South latitude.
1.2.3 Tropic areas – Zaire /
1.3.2 Identify places in the tropic areas Congo. Kenya/Nigeria/
1.3.3 Identify places in the subtropical Ethiopia/ Niger
areas
1.3.2 Sub tropic regions
1.3.4 Identify places in the polar- regions
Mexico/ Mosambique ,
Explain learners the following: Durban/ India/ Saudi Arabia
Additional information 1.3.4
Places between the Tropic of Cancer North Polar regions-
(23⁰1/2North) or Tropic of Capricorn  Green land Iceland
(23⁰1/2South) are in the tropics.  South Polar regions-
Places near the equator are in the Antarctica
equatorial regions which is extremely hot
throughout the year with , high rainfall.
Class notes:
 Places in the tropic regions have a
high temperature and high rainfall
throughout the year.
 Average temp is 25⁰C, Average
rainfall 2000mm per year.
 Warm air rises, clouds formed and it
brings rainfall.
5 min
 Places in the subtropical areas have
two seasons; Summer and winter.
Summer temperature are is above
20⁰C. winter is about 15 ⁰C. Annual
rainfall is over 1000 mm. Places in
the subtropical areas are warm , wet
and humid during rainy seasons.
3.Conclusion:
3.1Study the statistics of the Fig 1.2
Learners can work in pairs.
3.2. What do you obeserve from the two
graphs In terms of temperture and rainfall.
3.3 Complete an activity from the textbook

align with the lesson or see attached activity.
3.1 Learners study the graphs
3.2. Possible answers from

learners.
 Tropical areas have

high temp and high
rainfall.
 Polar regions
temperature is above
frezing, low temp.
Precipitation is in the
form of snow.
3.3 Learners complete the

activity.
10 min
References:
www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/.../
TEACHER REFLECTION:
Teacher can copy the classnotes for learners in order to save time.
Activity can be given on a worksheet for homework as an expended opportunity.
Sign: _______________________________ Sign: __________________________________________
Date: _______________________________ Date: __________________________________

FIG 1.1
FIG 1.2
TROPIC REGIONS
POLAR REGIONS
Activity
1.Use the statistics from Mbombela to draw your own rainfall and temperature graph. Label your graph showing
rainfall
and temperatures of a subtropical area.
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC
Temp 29 29 28 27 25 23 23 25 27 27 27 28
in ⁰C
Rainfall 127 108 51 15 15 9 10 10 26 75 115 131
in mm
1. What do you observe of the rainfall and temperature of this place.

2. If a person move from a tropical area to a subtropical area . What similarities and diffrences in temp and
rainfall will they experience?
3. What is the temeprature range of this place?
4. Calculate the Average Annual rainfall.
Memorandum
1. Temperature is the same/ moderate throughout the year. The rainfall is high in Summer, low in winter.
2. Temperature is high through out the year in both regions.. Tropic area receive a highrainfall throughout the
year.
Sub topics has high rainfall mostlyduring summer.
3. 29°- 23°= 6° C ( higest – lowest temp)
4. 702÷ 12= 58.5 mm

CAPS
GRADE 8 SUBJECT: GEO WEEK LESSON TOPIC: Factors influence rainfall
3 8 SUBTOPIC: : Distance from the sea

STARTED COMPLETED
OBJECTIVES  Understand how distance from the sea influence temperature and rainfail Annual rainfall
 Identify and extract information from sources, including visual sources. Average-

ACTIVITIES
1.Introduction
1.1Test learners pre-kowledge of what they 10 in 1.Learners possible answers Physical map of South- Africa
have learned in the previous lessons about 10 min Writing board.
1.1 Places in inland
places at the1) coastal areas 11) places Textbooks
experience hot summers
inland in terms of temperature. and cold winters Worksheet of attached activity.
1.2Learners explain the diffrence between Places near the sea or
maritime and continental climates. costal areas experience
moderate temp during
summer and winter with a
high rainfall.
1.2 Places inland have a high
or extreme temperature
diffrence between winter
and summer- continental
2. Body climate
2.Show learners the map of South Africa? Places at coatal areas
See fig 1.4. have a smaller
2.1Compare the differnce between temperature diffrences
between summer and
places near the sea / coastal areas and
winter- caled maritime
places inland interms of raifall. climate.
2.2 Compare the diffrence between
Upinton and Durban interms of its Body : possible answers
location and the rainfall. 2.1Places in the interior/inland
2.3 Explain and show learners from the have a low rainfall while places
map how rainfall differ from place to at coastal areas have a higher
rainfall.
place although it is loacted on the same
latitude line. 2.2 Upington (inland)
189 mm of rainfall
3. Conclusion Durban- (coastal)
3.1 Explain to learners that places near 1009mmrainfall.
the sea , where there is a warm ocean
current are likely to get more rain than
2.3 Learners observe how
places that is further inland. places that is on the same
3.2 Indicate to learners the influence of latitude line can differ in terms
the Cold Benquela current and the warm of rainfall.
Mosambique current on places on the
same latitude line.
3.3 Complete an activity that is aligned
with the lesson or see attached activities
Conclusion
3.3 Learners complete the

Class activity.
REFERENCES
TEACHER REFLECTION:
Sign: _______________________________ Sign: __________________________________________
Date: _______________________________ Date: __________________________________

FIG 1.4
COLD OCEAN CURRENT

WARM OCEAN CURRENT
Benguela current
Mozambique Current
FIG 1.5
ACTIVITY
Study the above map of South Africa’S annual rainfall FIG 1.5 and answer the questions.
1. Which place on the map has the most rainfall. Give two factors that influence the rainfall in this area.
2. Which place on the map has the least rainfall? What is the main factor that influences rainfall in this area
3. Which place on the map receive rainfall throughout the year. Which factor influence it?
4. Compare the the annual rainfall of Upinton and Bloemfontain? Why the diffences in rainfall?
5. Why will places such as Porth Nolloth receive less rainfall, compare to Durban that is located on the
same 30° S latitude line?
MEMORANDUM
1. Durban – 1007mm
2. Located near the warm mosambique cuurent. Warm water cause air to rise, proses of condensation
takes place and it bring rainat that place.
3. Port Nolloth- it located near the cold benquela current. Less moist air rise, and prevent the formation of
clouds.
4. George-The warm Mosambique and the Mediterean climate influence the rainfall pattern of this area
5. Porth nolloth is located next to the cold Benguela current wich prevent of warm air to rise quickly, while
Durban is located next to the warm Mosambique cuurent which causes warm air to rise, which resulted in
cloud fornation, then rain.
CAPS
GRADE 8 SUBJECT: GEO WEEK LESSON TOPIC: Factors influence rainfall
3 9 SUBTOPIC: : Height above sea level

STARTED COMPLETED
OBJECTIVES  Understand how temperature are affected by five factors. Leeward side-
 Understand how height above sea level (altitude) influences rainfall rainshadow –
 Undestand that a increse in height is a decrease in temperature Wind side
 Think independantly and support their ides with sound knowledge Relief rain

ACTIVITIES
1. Introduction Map of South Africa with the two
1.1Test learners pre- knowledge of the 5 min ocean currents
concpets Physical map of South Africa
1.2Explain to the learners that in this section
height above sea level mostly refer to places
that is far from the sea/ instead of altitude of
mountains that incease with height above
sea level
1.2 Use an illustration to indicate to learners

eight above sea level at the coastal areas 10 min
and the interior. See Fig 1.7 and Fig 1.8
2.Body
2.1This activity can be done in groups or in
pairs and learners study the map of South 2. 1 Possible answers
Africa more key references that indicated the a) Johannesburg- 1000m
height above sea level. b) Port Elizabeth- 0 m
c) Drakensberg- 2000m
Key question.
Use a physical map of South Africa Fig 1.6 d) Upington. 400m
and determine the height above sea level of 10 min
the follwing places.
a) Johannesburg
b) Port Elizabeth
c) Drakensberg
d) Upington
2.3 Explain the following to learners by
refering to Fig 1.6 , Gig 1.7 and Fig 1.8
Class notes
All the places interior/ inland are high
above sea level.
The further away from the sea, the earth
increase with alttitude temp become lower
at higher altitude – therefore it aslo
influence the low rainfall of that place
Coatal areas sea takes long to cool off ,
hence places at the coastal areas receive
more rainfall than places in the interior. 5min
In Durban moist air from the sea moves
against the mountain areas, causing cloud
formation and bring rain fall at one side of
the Drakensberg mountain. The other side
have less or no rainfall – called the
leeside, example Harrismith./ Freestate
Another example is Outshoorn that is
located at the leeward side(rain shadow)
of the Swartberge. Air moves agianst the
slope of the mountain, while Mosselbay
and George receive rainfall, Outshoorn
receive liitle or no rainfall.
3.Conclusion:
Learners complete an activity align with
the lesson. See activity
REFERENCES
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitude
References wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitude
True altitude is the actual elevation above mean sea level. It is Indicated Altitude corrected for non-standard temperature and pressure.
www.epa.gov/climatechange/science/future.html
Translating Warming to Impact: Temperature increases and other climate changes ... (e.g., temperature, precipitation, and sea level
TEACHER REFLECTION:
Learners can complete the activity as an expanded opportunity./ can be complete as homework activity
Sign: _______________________________ Sign: __________________________________________
Date: _______________________________ Date: __________________________________

FIG 1.6
FIG 1.7
Fig 1.8
Activity.
1. The Southern side of the Country differ from the rest of the country in terms of rainfall. Explain the reason for
this.
2. What do you understand with the word leeward side?
3. Write a short paragraph why Durban shloud have more rainfall than Port -Nolloth?
4. Explain why Upinton receive less ranfall than Richardsbay that is on the same latitude
Memorandum
1. The southern part of the Western coast diffres from the rest of the country . Tt has most rain in winter. These
rains are brought by the winter winds. Other parts of the country does not have this rain bearing winds. The cold
water causing less moist air to rise, therefore southern part of the country experience lower rainfall than the
eastern side of the country.
2. One side of the mountain experience no rain or liitle rainfall.
3. Port Nolloth is on the west side as the cold current causing less moist air to rise, while Durban the warm
Mosambique current causing warm most air to rise, therefore it receive a high rainfall.
4. Richardbay is at sea level, temp are moderate or warm throughout the year. Mosit air is forced aginst the
mountain causing rainfall. The further away from the sea temp have a extreme continental climate. Upington also
located Western side and is located inland of the country which experience less rainfall.
CAPS
GRADE 8 SUBJECT: GEO WEEK LESSON TOPIC: Climate regions
4 10 SUBTOPIC: : Revision factors influence tamperature and rainfall

STARTED COMPLETED
OBJECTIVES  Understand how temperature and rainfall are affected by five factors.
 Leaners will understand the topic and how to implement different skills regarding
the relevant contact.content
ACTIVITIES
Introduction Work sheets

1. Do corection s on the previous activity. 10
Body.
Learners coplete the revision exercises. 20 min
See attachment
Learners conmplete the 20 min
activity.
REFERENCES:
TEACHER REFLECTION:
Sign: _______________________________ Sign: __________________________________________
Date: _______________________________ Date: __________________________________

TERM 2
Grade 8: REVISION
ACTIVITY 1
FACTORS INFLUENCING TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL.
1. Choose the correct answer by writing only the letter next to the number.
1.1 Which factor does not influence temperature and rainfall?
a) Distance from the sea
b) Height above sea-level (altitude)
c) Distance from the equator
d) Precipitation and sea breezes (1)
1.2. Places that have warm temperatures are found …
a) at the Polar regions
b) next to the cold oceans
c) on top of high mountains
d) at the equator. (1)
1.3. Choose the answer that is not correct.
Places that have moderate temperatures…
a) are cooled by sea breezes during the day
b) are warmed breezes during the night
c) are found inland away from the cost
d) are found close to the ocean. (1)
1.4. Choose the correct answer
Ocean currents affect rainfall…
a) Warm ocean currents cause low rainfall
b) Cold ocean currents cause high rainfall
c) The east coast of South Africa has high rainfall because of the warm Algulhas Ocean current.
d) Cold ocean currents provide lots of water vapour (1)
1.5. Which regions has the highest annual range of temperature

a) Places in the interior
b) places at the equator
c) places at the coastal areas
d) places at the poles. (1)
[5]
Choose the correct term from the brackets which would make each of the statement true.
2.1 (latitude, altitude) is a factor that causes places which are situated further from the
Equator to be colder.
2.2 (hail/snow) is a precipitation from which results when water vapour condenses
directly into a solid state forming tiny crystals.
2.3 (continental climate/ maritime climate) is characterised by high day time temperatures
and low night temperatures
2.4 Annual temperature (increase/ decrease) with altitude.
2.5 There is a fairly (decrease/ increase) in rainfall with increasing distance from the sea?
5x1= [5]
3. Refer to the diagram below Fig 3 and answer the questions which follow
FIG 3
3.1 Identify the slopes labelled A and B (2)
3.2 What does C represents. (2)
3.3 Explain why most rain falls on slope A and no rain on slope B. 2x2=4
[8]
3.4. Study the rainfall and temperature figures for George and Oudtshoorn
George
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Temp 25 25 24 22 20 17 17 18 19 20 22 24
°C
Rain 63 59 69 71 53 45 43 68 60 64 61 59
mm
Oudtshoorn
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Temp 25 25 24 22 20 17 17 18 19 20 22 24
°C
Rain 30 50 52 60 39 30 30 50 54 55 51 56
mm
4.1 Which town has the highest rainfall? (1)
4.2 Where would you place each town on the diagram (Fig 3) either A or B?
Explain the reason for your choice. (1x3)=3
4.3 Calculated the total annual rainfall of Outshoorn. (1)
4.4 Determine the average annual temperature of Outshoorn? (2)

[7]
Total = [25]
MEMEORANDUM
Activity 1
1.1 d
1.2 d
1.3 c
1.4 c
1.5 a
2.1 latitude
2.2 snow
2.3 continental
2.4 decrease
2.5 decrease
3.1 A- windward side
B- leeward side
C- Condensation level
3.3 A- received the more rainfall located at coastal area and next to a mountain area. Mountains can
bring rain
to some areas by forcing air to rise and release moisture content as rain.
B – No less rainfall- Mountains can also shelter other areas from receiving rain. These places on
the
sheltered side of the mountain are in the rain shadow.
4.1 George
4.2 A -George- located near at a coastal area, as well as mountainous area. Mountains can bring
rain to some areas
by forcing air to rise and release moisture content as rain. Mountains can bring rain
to some areas by forcing air to rise and release moisture content as rain.
4.2 B- Outshoorn- located in the rain shadow.
4.3 557mm
4.4 557 ÷ 12 = 46.1 mm
TERM 2
Grade 8: REVISION
ACTIVITY 2
FACTORS INFLUENCING TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL.
1.1 Match the descriptions in column B with the terms in column A. rite only the number
with its matching letter. Example 1.1 A
Term Description
1. Equator A. Latitude 23½ N
2. Insolation B. Flows from the equator
3. Tropic of cancer C. The angle of the noon sun is always high here
4. Tropic of Capricorn D. The area not on the windward side of a mountain
5. Warm ocean current E. Coastal area experience small annual range of
temperature
6. Rain shadow F. Found in the tropics
7. Maritime climate G. Latitude 23½ S
8.Souh facing slope H. Can cause mountain tops in the equator to have snow
9. Altitude I. The incoming sun’s energy
10.mediterranean climate J. Has rain in winter only
10X1=
[10]
2.1 Study the climate graph for town X

2.1 Name the three hottest months of the town X. (1)
2.2 If those are the hottest months, in which hemisphere does

town X lie? (2)
2.3 Name the two months where this town received a high rainfall? (2)
2.4 During which season does this town received its rainfall? (1)
2.5 In what climate region does town x lie? (1)
2.6 Describe the climate of town X. (2)
2 7 What is the minimum temperature of this town? (1)
[10]
3. My Kilimanjaro that lies on the Equator but is snow –capped the whole year.
Write a paragraph of 120 words explain how this is possible. (5)
TOTAL = 25
MEMORANDUM
1.1
1 F
2. I
3. A
4. G
5. B
6. D
7. E
8. C
9. H
10. J
2.1 June, July, Aug
2.2 Northern hemisphere
2.3 December, January
2.4 Winter
2.5 mediterranean
2.6 X has hot dry summers and mild wet winter. The httest months are June, July and August with
temepartures of about 27°C and the
and the coldest are december and january with temepartures of about 6°C. Most rain falls from November
to March.
January is wettest monyh with 100mm of rain.
2.7 -10°C
3. Mount Kilomanjaro lies at a high altitude and the air at the top is much less dense that it is at sea level. This
means that the heat easily
escapes into the atmosphere causing cold weather. The higher you go there is a decrease in temperature,
therefore top of the mountain
expererience snow.

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CAPS

LESSON PREPARATION FOR SOCIAL SCIENCES

1 1 SUBTOPIC: Distance from the equator (latitude) (30 min)

LESSON SUMMARY FOR: DATE DATE

TEACHER ACTIVITIES TIMING LEARNER TIMING RESOURCES NEEDED

Introduction. Picture diagramme of how the sun

 Label the following letters on the 2.3. A.Equator

Name of teacher: ______________________________ HOD: ____________________________________ ______

Sign: _______________________________ Sign: __________________________________________

Date: _______________________________ Date: __________________________________

1 2 SUBTOPIC: Distance from the equator : Continue(30 min)

TEACHER ACTIVITIES TIMING LEARNER TIMING RESOURCES NEEDED

1.Introduction: Possible answers: World globe/ world map

3 .Allow learners to complete

Name of teacher: ______________________________ HOD: ____________________________________

Sign: _______________________________ Sign: __________________________________________

Date: _______________________________ Date: __________________________________

At the equator temperature are high /hot.

Name of teacher: ______________________________ HOD: ____________________________________

Sign: _______________________________ Sign: __________________________________________

Date: _______________________________ Date: __________________________________

1 3 SUBTOPIC: Distance from the Sea.

LESSON SUMMARY FOR: DATE DATE

TEACHER ACTIVITIES TIMING LEARNER ACTIVITIES TIMING RESOURCES

1.Introduction 5min 1.Introduction

Name of teacher: ______________________________ HOD: ____________________________________

Sign: _______________________________ Sign: __________________________________________

Date: _______________________________ Date: __________________________________

2 4 SUBTOPIC: Distance from the sea. (Continue)

LESSON SUMMARY FOR: DATE DATE

TEACHER ACTIVITIES TIMING LEARNER TIMING RESOURCES NEEDED

1.Introduction 10 min 1.Introduction Diagramme/picture see fig 1.3

2.1. Sea/water will moderate the

This two aspects does not have to be explain

Teacher shloud use the diagram in Fig 1.3

Maritime climate - marine means sea- temp

Name of teacher: ______________________________ HOD: ____________________________________

Sign: _______________________________ Sign: __________________________________________

Date: _______________________________ Date: __________________________________

2 5 SUBTOPIC: Height above Sea level (altitude) (30 min)

LESSON SUMMARY FOR: DATE DATE

TEACHER ACTIVITIES TIMING LEARNER TIMING RESOURCES NEEDED

1.Introduction 5 min 1.Introduction Use gig 1.4 to 1.7 to explain height

1.The atmosphere retains its heat in the

Learners write down the above

Name of teacher: ______________________________ HOD: ____________________________________

Sign: _______________________________ Sign: __________________________________________

Date: _______________________________ Date: __________________________________

Tempertaures in Kimberley( inland)

Temperatures in Durban (coastal area)

2.1.What do you understand with the term temperature range?

2.2.Calculate the temperature range for Kimberley in January and July.

2. 1.The difference between high and low temperatures

2.2 Kimberley: Jan 33-18 = 15⁰C , Jul : 18-3= 15⁰C

2.3.Durban Jan 28- 23= 5⁰, Jul 23-11= 12⁰C

2 6 SUBTOPIC: : Height above Sea level (altitude) (30 min)

LESSON SUMMARY FOR: DATE DATE

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