World History 7th Edition Duiker Test Bank

World History 7th Edition Duiker Test Bank
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Chapter 6—The Americas
ESSAY
1. Who were the first Americans, and when and how did they arrive in the Western Hemisphere?
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS: 1
2. "Olmec civilization was the prototype for all later Mesoamerican civilizations." Discuss, pro and con.
ANS:
PTS: 1
3. Why were the Aztecs able to create and rule an empire where they did? What were the most important
factors helping them to do so?
ANS:
PTS: 1
4. What are the possible reasons for the collapse of Mayan civilization? Which reason do you feel is most
important, and why? Why not the others?
ANS:
PTS: 1
5. Compare and contrast the development of the Aztec empire with that of the Roman Empire. What are
the similarities and what are the differences?
ANS:
PTS: 1
6. Discuss the political, social, and cultural structures of the Inka. How did these factors help or hinder
them when they encountered the Spanish invaders?
ANS:
PTS: 1
7. What were the strengths and what were the weaknesses of the Aztec and Inka civilizations on the eve
of their encounter with European societies?
ANS:
PTS: 1
8. Give examples of some of the New World societies that had not reached the state-building stage by the
1500s. How likely were they to have done so if outside peoples had not taken over their territories?
Why or why not?
ANS:
PTS: 1
9. "Geography determines history." Discuss, giving examples from the societies of the Western
Hemisphere.
ANS:
PTS: 1
10. What were some of the elements that the Western Hemisphere lacked that would have made state
building quicker and more complete? Why?
ANS:
PTS: 1
11. "The lack of extensive written records has seriously inhibited extensive knowledge of New World
societies." Discuss, pro and con, with examples.
ANS:
PTS: 1
12. The relationship between the early societies of Mesoamerica remains something of a mystery. Discuss
why the Olmecs are frequently considered the "mother culture" of the entire region. What historical
parallels can you think of? What recent discovery brought new life to the discussion?
ANS:
PTS: 1
IDENTIFICATIONS
Instructions: Identify the following terms.
1. Bering Strait
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 159
2. Tehuacán valley
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 159
3. Yucatán peninsula
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 159
4. Carthaginians, lost tribes of Israel, and Atlantis
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 159
5. Mesoamerica
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 159
6. San Lorenzo and La Venta
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 159-160
7. Monte Albán
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 160

8. Olmec
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 160
9. rubber
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 160
10. Zapotec
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 160
11. Teotihuacán
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 160
12. Pyramid of the Sun
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 160
13. obsidian
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 160
14. pulque
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 160

15. cacao
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 161-162
16. Valley of Mexico
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 161
17. chinampas
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 161
18. Itzamna
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 163
19. ball courts/game
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 163
20. Mayan hieroglyphs
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 163 | p. 165
21. Mayan Long Count
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 166

22. Tikal, Palenque, Uxmal and Chichen Itza
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 161 | p. 167
23. Toltecs
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 167
24. Mexica
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 167
25. Aztec
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 167
26. Lake Texcoco
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 168
27. Tenochtitlán
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 168
28. calpulli
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 169

29. Quetzalcoatl and Huitzilopochtli
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 167
30. Monte Verde
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 172
31. Caral
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 172
32. Chavin de Huantar
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 172
33. Andes Mountains
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 172
34. Moche
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 173
35. kingdom of Chimor
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 173

36. El Niño
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 173
37. Cuzco and Machu Picchu
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 175 | p. 176
38. Pachakuti/Pachacutec
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 175
39. Inka
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 175-178
40. Quechua
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 177
41. quipu
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 177
42. Amazon River
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 172 | p. 180

43. Amerindians
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 159
44. Hopewell Culture and Cahokia
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 178-179
45. the Anasazi peoples
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 179
46. Pueblo Bonito/Chaco Canyon
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 179
47. Mesa Verde
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 179
48. Apache and Navajo
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 180
49. Arawak
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 180

50. Amazonia
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: p. 180
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In the aftermath of Columbus and voyages of encounter, Europeans believed the first humans in the
Americas might have been
a. Chinese pirates.
b. the lost tribes of Axum.
c. Phoenician seafarers from Carthage.
d. Mongol tribesmen.
e. ancient Sumerians.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 159
2. Currently available evidence has shown the first humans in the Americas
a. arrived at least 15,000 years ago.
b. came at least 725,000 years ago.
c. arrived, according to genetic evidence, from Antarctica in 7219 B.C.E.
d. came from the island of Honshu during the Egyptian Middle Kingdom.
e. came from Polynesia approximately 1000 C.E.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 159
3. The first civilization in Mesoamerica was the

a. Toltec.
b. Olmec.
c. Maya.
d. Aztec.
e. Moche.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 159
4. The Olmec peoples

a. did not do any stone carving, preferring to work in copper and ivory.
b. spoke the Quechuan language.
c. developed their capital at the mountain fortress of Cuzco.
d. developed a system of hieroglyphics.
e. replaced the Maya in Mesoamerica.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 160
5. Archeologists call the region in which the first New World civilizations began
a. Mexico.
b. Central America.
c. Mesoamerica.
d. South America.
e. the Amazon basin.
6. Which of the following is not true of the Olmec culture?
a. Its La Venta pyramid was the largest structure of it type for its era.
b. It created a writing system of some sort.
c. It developed in the high, mountainous areas of central Mexico.
d. It produced many stone carvings, tools, and monuments.
e. It did not develop the wheel or have horses.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 159-160
7. Which civilization lived in terraces cut out of a mountainside located in the central Mexican
highlands?
a. Chavin
b. Olmec
c. Zapotec
d. Inca
e. Maya
8. Which of the following was true about Teotihuacán?

a. It did not engage in trade because of its infertile lands.
b. It produced great industrial structures.
c. It met its demise due to unexplained reasons.
d. It was conquered by the Maya.
e. It left no historical records.
9. Mayan civilization
a. had such a sophisticated religious system that it was adopted by the Spanish invaders.
b. may have been composed of approximately thirty million people at its height.
c. was located in the northern part of the Valley of Mexico.
d. was never wealthy.
e. declined in the eighth or ninth centuries C.E.
ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: p. 167
10. The chinampas

a. were agricultural plots built on swampy islands.
b. were built to maintain industrial production.
c. provided farmers with a means of growing waterfowl for export to South America.
d. were to be found only in the semi-arid areas of northern Mesoamerica.
e. were part of Inca religious culture.
11. The civilization of the Maya developed in

a. the Valley of Mexico.
b. Pacific coastal region of northern Mexico.
c. mountainous areas of Nicaragua and Honduras.
d. Guatemala and theYucatán Peninsula.
e. the Montenegran Plateau.
12. The two commodities that enabled the Maya to develop trade relations with other civilizations in its
region were
a. cotton and silver.
b. yams and manioc.
c. obsidian and cacao trees.
d. gold and silver.
e. manioc and turpentine.
13. The sacred ball court

a. had life or death implications for those who played upon it.
b. could only be played on by Mayan priests.
c. was a large, open, circular playing area that employed the use of straw baskets into which
large balls had to be tossed.
d. was found only among the Incas and Iroquois.
e. disappeared after the fall of Olmec civilization.
14. In which areas were the Mayan and Aztec civilizations similar?
a. They both practiced human sacrifice.
b. Both had religious practices and beliefs brought from Asia in the eleventh century.
c. Both used sophisticated alphabets with thirty-nine letters.
d. They were both seafaring societies.
e. Volcanic eruptions destroyed both civilizations.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 163 | p. 171
15. Which of the following statements is the most accurate depiction of the Aztec Empire?
a. It was a highly centralized, tightly administered monarchy developed through military
conquest.
b. It was a confederation of localities linked by a feudal allegiance system in which a central
ruler controlled an empire developed through military conquest.
c. It was a highly centralized maritime society that had evolved from a foundation of intense
religious piety.
d. It was followed by the Mayan civilization.
e. Human sacrifice was abolished by Montezuma.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 167-169
16. The Aztec capital was

a. Tenochtitlán.
b. Huitzilopochtli.
c. Texcoco.
d. Mexica.
e. Zapotec.
17. As the guiding deity of the entire population, the supreme Aztec god was
a. Huitzilopochtli.
b. Tlaloc.
c. Ometeotl.
d. Quetzalcoatl.
e. Machu Pirado.
18. Aztec society was

a. an egalitarian democracy.
b. a hierarchical dictatorship, with a privileged upper class and a downtrodden majority.
c. primarily involved in the trading of slaves.
d. unique in giving women major political power.
e. a purely theocratic society.
19. Most of the Aztec population belonged to large kinship groups called
a. texcocos.
b. chinampas.
c. calpulli.
d. quipu.
e. jatis.
20. Which of the following was not a characteristic of the large kinship groups of the Aztecs?
a. They were the people's main link with the central government.
b. They often specialized in some particular area of responsibility.
c. They contained subdivisions of smaller family units.
d. Women were required to work in the fields five days each week.
e. In general, males were the dominant gender.
21. Which of the following best describes social and gender roles in the Aztec culture?
a. The majority of the population were slaves.
b. There were clear-cut differences between the responsibilities and duties of males and
females.
c. Women had fewer rights and freedoms than their Chinese counterparts.
d. Opportunities for rising in social status were nonexistent.
e. All men were freemen but most women were only slaves.
22. Which of the following gods retained a higher level of cognizance in the Aztec psyche than most of
their other gods, due primarily to its tenth-century departure from the Valley of Mexico and promised
future victorious return?
a. Siva
b. Tlaloc
c. Quetzalcoatl
d. Huitzilopochtli
e. Ometeotl
23. In analyzing Aztec cosmology
a. its description reveals a totally unique approach to religious belief.
b. it is the basic format for all monotheistic practices.
c. it contained a distinct element of fatalism that was inherent in the creation myth.
d. it was copied from that of the Anasazi.
e. the ultimate reality was the destruction of the individual soul.
24. Aztec religion

a. preached the ideas of sexual equality and social apathy.
b. was monotheistic after the departure of Isoldia.
c. employed human ritual sacrifices, often involving large numbers of victims.
d. stressed the importance of free will.
e. influenced Spanish Christianity.
25. Aztec writing

a. was phonetic.
b. may have been the result of contact with traders from the Aleutians.
c. resembled ancient Greek in its organization.
d. was copied from Egyptian hieroglyphics.
e. was based upon hieroglyphs that represented an object or concept.
26. What was the purpose of the human sacrifices practiced by the Aztecs?
a. To obtain the atman of the victim.
b. To appease Huitzilopochtli, and thus delay the ultimate destruction of their world.
c. To insure an abundant harvest.
d. To insure long life for the emperor.
e. To provide victims for the ball court games.
27. Aztec society

a. focused its religious interest on "the holy one," Huitzilopochtli, the only god in the
monotheistic Aztec system of religious belief.
b. did not possess a writing system as such, although it developed hieroglyphs.
c. dedicated the sacred precinct in central Tenochtitlán to the rain god, Shiva, and to
Huitzilopochtli.
d. did not sharply delineate gender roles.
e. was egalitarian in theory but hierarchical in practice.
28. The massive Aztec stone carving in the form of a disc portraying the struggle between the forces of
good and evil in the universe is the
a. Disc of Forces.
b. Stone of the Fifth Sun.
c. Temple of Inscriptions.
d. Sun Disc.
e. Parthenonus.
29. The cities of Uxmal and Chichen Itza flourished under the
a. Aztecs.
b. Olmecs.
c. Incas.
d. Anasazi.
e. Toltecs.
30. The reason for the decline of Mayan civilization was

a. due to the arrival of hostile Viking adventurers in the ninth century C.E.
b. a volcanic eruption.
c. an internal revolt.
d. an external invasion.
e. probably the result of multiple causes.
31. This Aztec capital was established on an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco.
a. Tikal
b. Palenque
c. Uxmal
d. Tenochtitlán
e. Chichen Itzá
32. Providing a valuable resource for later historians, this Spaniard recorded his impressions of Aztec
society during a visit in the early sixteenth century:
a. Bernal Díaz.
b. Alphonso Gomorra.
c. Bartholomew Díaz.
d. Jakob Alverez.
e. Juan Carlos Garcia.
33. South America

a. was the original home of the Maya.
b. contained societies practicing irrigated farming approximately eleven thousand years ago.
c. has had human inhabitants for more than twelve thousand years.
d. was populated only as recently as 500 C.E.
e. was colonized from Africa rather than Asia.
34. The Moche culture
a. was ended by a devastating pandemic of the Black Death.
b. was located in a rain forest.
c. may have been ended by environmental changes.
d. was pacifistic, perhaps the major cause of its long existence.
e. was destroyed by the Aztecs.
35. In South America by 2000 B.C.E., peoples

a. had discovered the smelting of iron.
b. had domesticated wheat for making of bread,
c. were sailing the Pacific in wind-powered balsa wood rafts.
d. had developed a complex writing system.
e. were using the wheel in transportation.
36. Who was the Inka king who began the conquests that led to the creation of their empire?
a. Pizarro
b. Huayna Inca
c. Pachakuti
d. Topa Inca
e. Montezuma
37. The civilization of the Inka

a. constructed an impressive system of roads and bridges throughout its extensive domain.
b. employed a force of highly-paid workers to construct the structures that it produced.
c. offered all women nothing but a life of domestic service restricted to the home.
d. developed an abundant lowland valley community at Machu Picchu.
e. routinely executed all war prisoners its army captured.
38. The Inka civilization was capable of raising and supporting an army of ____ soldiers.
a. 300,000.
b. 200,000
c. 500,000.
d. 150,000.
39. Which of the following is not accurate?

a. All males were liable for military service in the Inka army.
b. The quipu was a system of knotted strings used in the Inka Empire.
c. The Inca required subject peoples to speak Quechua.
d. The Olmecs adopted many aspects of Inka culture.
e. Women could improve their lifestyles by becoming "chosen virgins" in Inka temples.
40. The Inka capital was
a. Lima.
b. Cuzco.
c. Monte Verde.
d. Tenochtitlan,
e. Uxmal.
41. Among the mounted nomads who came to dominate much of the southwestern plains of North
America after 1500 C.E. were the
a. Ute and the Mohawk.
b. Apache and Navajo.
c. Cree and Shoshone.
d. Anasazi and Arawak.
e. both b and c
42. An extensive urban community was created at Chaco Canyon by the

a. Apache.
b. Arawak.
c. Anasazi.
d. Navajo.
e. Paiute.
43. The archeological evidence of the presence of ball courts in Cahokia is an indication that this
Amerindian center
a. had had contact with the Northmen in the ninth century.
b. had a strong interest in recreational activities.
c. were deeply involved in agriculture.
d. probably had contacts with Mesoamerican civilizations.
e. were colonized by the Phoenicians.
44. The Arawak developed their society

a. in modern-day Nova Scotia.
b. in modern-day Venezuela.
c. on the islands of the Caribbean Sea.
d. in modern-day Brazil.
e. both b and c.
45. The tuber cultivated by the Arawak, which is used today to manufacture tapioca, is
a. millet.
b. maize.
c. manioc.
d. cacao.
e. squash.
46. Anasazi society possibly declined for all of the following reasons except
a. severe drought.
b. increase in internecine warfare.
c. invaders.
d. extensive floods.
e. starvation.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 179-180
47. There were farming villages in Central and South America by

a. 10,000 B.C.E.
b. 5000 B.C.E.
c. 1000 B.C.E.
d. 100 C.E.
e. 500 C.E.
48. The civilizations that developed in the New World

a. had developed the wheel by 500 B.C.E.
b. started their development earlier than in the Middle East.
c. did so in close coordination with civilizations in other parts of the world.
d. developed in ways that were quite similar to those of many other places in the world.
e. had nothing in common with civilizations in Eurasia.
49. Which of the following was NOT a detrimental factor in the technological development of the peoples
of the Western Hemisphere?
a. Lack of large domesticated animals.
b. Geographic diversity.
c. Lack of established trade routes.
d. Lack of indigenous varieties of edible grasses to facilitate the transition from a
hunting/gathering society to farming.
e. A difficult topography and environmental diversity.
50. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by the civilizations of the Western Hemisphere
with those of the Old World?
a. Long-distance trade
b. Human sacrifice
c. Iron smelting
d. Irrigated agriculture
e. The practice of warfare
TRUE/FALSE
1. It is generally agreed that human beings were living in the Americas at least 50,000 years ago.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 159

2. The Pyramid of the Sun was built by the people of Teotihuacán in the fifth century C.E.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 160
3. The Maya is considered to be the "mother civilization" of Mesoamerica.
4. Recent evidence suggests that the Mayan decline was due to over-cultivation and overpopulation,
possibly combined with drought.
5. The Aztec capital was Teotihuacán.
6. The first urban settlements in South America were established as early as 3500 B.C.E., much earlier
than the earliest known cities in Mesoamerica.
7. The Inka had no writing system, but kept records using a system of knotted strings called quipu.
8. At Cahokia, near East Saint Louis, archeologists have discovered a burial mound more than 98 feet
high with a base larger than Egypt's Great Pyramid.
9. In contrast with the Aztecs, the Inka created a highly centralized state.
10. Because the soil lacked sufficient nutrients, agriculture never developed in the Amazon region.
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World History 7th Edition Duiker Test Bank

World History 7th Edition Duiker Test Bank

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Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

Instructions: Identify the following terms.

PTS: 1 REF: p. 159

PTS: 1 REF: p. 159

PTS: 1 REF: p. 159

4. Carthaginians, lost tribes of Israel, and Atlantis

PTS: 1 REF: p. 159

PTS: 1 REF: p. 159

6. San Lorenzo and La Venta

PTS: 1 REF: p. 159-160

PTS: 1 REF: p. 160

PTS: 1 REF: p. 160

PTS: 1 REF: p. 160

PTS: 1 REF: p. 160

PTS: 1 REF: p. 160

12. Pyramid of the Sun

PTS: 1 REF: p. 160

PTS: 1 REF: p. 160

PTS: 1 REF: p. 160

PTS: 1 REF: p. 161-162

16. Valley of Mexico

PTS: 1 REF: p. 161

PTS: 1 REF: p. 161

PTS: 1 REF: p. 163

19. ball courts/game

PTS: 1 REF: p. 163

20. Mayan hieroglyphs

PTS: 1 REF: p. 163 | p. 165

21. Mayan Long Count

PTS: 1 REF: p. 166

PTS: 1 REF: p. 161 | p. 167

PTS: 1 REF: p. 167

PTS: 1 REF: p. 167

PTS: 1 REF: p. 167

26. Lake Texcoco

PTS: 1 REF: p. 168

PTS: 1 REF: p. 168

PTS: 1 REF: p. 169

PTS: 1 REF: p. 167

30. Monte Verde

PTS: 1 REF: p. 172

PTS: 1 REF: p. 172

32. Chavin de Huantar

PTS: 1 REF: p. 172

33. Andes Mountains

PTS: 1 REF: p. 172

PTS: 1 REF: p. 173

35. kingdom of Chimor

PTS: 1 REF: p. 173

PTS: 1 REF: p. 173

37. Cuzco and Machu Picchu

PTS: 1 REF: p. 175 | p. 176

PTS: 1 REF: p. 175

PTS: 1 REF: p. 175-178

PTS: 1 REF: p. 177

PTS: 1 REF: p. 177