Between Architecture of War and Military Urbanism

UDL 10 Tallinn April 25-28, 2013

BRUTALISM IN WILDERNESS - Finnish military bases in the 1960s and 70s

Kristo Vesikansa, Aalto University, Helsinki

THE BUILDING DEPARTMENT OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

Vilho Noko, b. 1912, grad. 1954, MoD 1950-, the head of the department 1957-
THE BUILDING DEPARTMENT OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

Vilho Noko, b. 1912, grad. 1954, MoD 1950-, the head of the department 1957-

Pentti Viljanen, b. 1928, grad. 1954, MoD 1955-91

Jorma Pankakoski, b. 1929, grad. 1955, MoD 1956-62

Pekka Rajala, b. 1929, grad. 1954, MoD 1956

Pertti Autio, b. 1930, grad. 1956, MoD 1957-60

Reino Lammin-Soila, b. 1921, grad. 1953, MoD 1957-58

Timo Suomalainen, b. 1928, grad. 1956, MoD 1958-62

THE BUILDING DEPARTMENT OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

Vilho Noko, b. 1912, grad. 1954, MoD 1950-, the head of the department 1957-

Pentti Viljanen, b. 1928, grad. 1954, MoD 1955-91

Jorma Pankakoski, b. 1929, grad. 1955, MoD 1956-62

Pekka Rajala, b. 1929, grad. 1954, MoD 1956

Pertti Autio, b. 1930, grad. 1956, MoD 1957-60

Reino Lammin-Soila, b. 1921, grad. 1953, MoD 1957-58

Timo Suomalainen, b. 1928, grad. 1956, MoD 1958-62

INDEPENDENT ARCHITECTS

Pentti Ahola, b. 1919, grad. 1947

Osmo Lappo, b. 1927, grad. 1953

Mikko Heliövaara, b. 1929, grad. 1956

Timo Penttilä, b. 1931, grad. 1956

Tuomo Suomalainen, b. 1931, grad. 1960

Pentti Pajarinen, b. 1932, grad. 1958

THE BUILDING DEPARTMENT OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

Vilho Noko, b. 1912, grad. 1954, MoD 1950-, the head of the department 1957-

Pentti Viljanen, b. 1928, grad. 1954, MoD 1955-91

INDEPENDENT ARCHITECTS

Pentti Ahola, b. 1919, grad. 1947 Jorma Pankakoski, b. 1929, grad. 1955, MoD 1956-62

Osmo Lappo, b. 1927, grad. 1953 Pekka Rajala, b. 1929, grad. 1954, MoD 1956

Mikko Heliövaara, b. 1929, grad. 1956 Pertti Autio, b. 1930, grad. 1956, MoD 1957-60

Timo Penttilä, b. 1931, grad. 1956 Reino Lammin-Soila, b. 1921, grad. 1953, MoD 1957-58

Tuomo Suomalainen, b. 1931, grad. 1960 Timo Suomalainen, b. 1928, grad. 1956, MoD 1958-62

Pentti Pajarinen, b. 1932, grad. 1958

Jorma Pankakoski: Hyrylä Soldier´s Home, 1960
WILDERNESS GARRISONS

Kajaani Garrison, 1960-75 Säkylä Garrison, 1960-67

2500 soldiers 2500 soldiers
Site plan: Pentti Viljanen Site plan: Pentti Viljanen
Garrison center: Osmo Lappo Garrison center: Osmo Lappo
Barracks: Pentti Rajala Barracks: Pentti Rajala
Hospital: Timo and Tuomo Suomalainen Hospital: Timo and Tuomo Suomalainen
Staff housing: Pentti Ahola

Vekaranjärvi Garrison, 1966-74

3000 soldiers
Site plan: Pentti Viljanen
Garrison center: Osmo Lappo
Barracks: Pentti Rajala
Hospital: Timo and Tuomo Suomalainen
Staff housing: Timo Penttilä

Keuruu Garrison, 1964-77

1500 soldiers
Site plan, garrison center, barracks, hospital, staff housing: Timo and Tuomo Suomalainen
 URBAN CONTEXT

Lappeenranta Cavalry Barracks, 1889-93 Sodankylä Garrison, 1958-66

HISTORICAL CONTINUITY?
 MILITARY BASES VS. HOUSING ESTATES

Pentti Viljanen: Kajaani Garrison, 1960 ̈ Housing, Helsinki, 1959-64

Olli Kivinen etc.: Pihlajamaki
 GARRISON CENTERS VS. CIVIC CENTERS

Martti & Marjatta Jaatinen: Oulu Monumental Center, 1962-67 Osmo Lappo: Vekaranjärvi Garrison Center, 1966-74
 URBAN SPACE

Osmo Lappo: Vekaranjärvi Garrison Center, 1966-74

 STANDARDIZATION

Pekka Rajala: Barracks, Vekaranjärvi, 1966-68

Osmo Lappo: Kajaani Garrison Center, 1960-68

Osmo Lappo: Säkylä Garrison Center, 1960-67

 MATERIALS

Osmo Lappo: Soldiers´ Home, Säkylä, 1960-67 Osmo Lappo: Sports Hall, Kajaani, 1960-64
 BUILDING TECHNIQUES

Osmo Lappo: Soldiers´ Home, Kajaani, 1960-68

Osmo Lappo: Canteen, Vekaranjärvi, 1966-74
Osmo Lappo: Sports Hall, Kajaani, 1960-64
Osmo Lappo: Soldiers´ Home, Vekaranjärvi, 1966-74
Osmo Lappo: Movie Theater, Vekaranjärvi, 1966-74
 THE INTEGRATION OF VISUAL ARTS

Howard Smith: Murals, Vekaranjärvi, 1974

Timo and Tuomo Suomalainen: Keuruu Garrison, 1960-77
Timo Suomalainen: Keuruu Garrison, 1960
Timo and Tuomo Suomalainen: Keuruu Garrison Center, 1960-73