LESSON 3.
1: CELL CYCLE
CELL CYCLE – life cycle of cell which it grows and
divides
TWO STAGE OF CELL CYCLE
INTERPHASE – preparation of cell before it
undergoes cellular division
- Composed of 90% of cell cycle
- Growing
- DNA replicating
- Doing their functions
- Preparation before cell division
CELL DIVISON DEPENDS ON TYPE OF ORGANISM
EUKARYOTES – multicellular organism, cell
division: Mitosis and Meiosis
PROKARYOTES – unicellular organism, cell
division: binary fission (asexual)
INTERPHASE CONSIST OF 3 STAGES
G1 (GAP1) PHASE
- Cell decides whether to enter cell cycle
- Characterized by increase cell mass due
to absorption of nutrients
- Organelles are highly active on this stag
CHECKPOINT IN G1 PHASE
- Is the cell growing well enough?
- Is its DNA damaged?
- Does it have resources to continue?
S (SYNTHESIS) PHASE
- Stage where DNA replication occurs
- Doubling for genetic content for each
daughter cells
- Synthesis of histones and other nuclear
requirements
G2 (GAP2) PHASE
- Cell is ready enter mitosis
- Production of spindle fibers
(microtubules) in the centrioles (part of
the centrosome) occurs.
CHECKPOINT IN G2 PHASE
- DNA made in S phase working correctly
- Is it growing well enough?
- Does it have the enough resource to
continue to cell division
CHECKPOINT – monitor if cells are capable to
divide
APOPTOSIS – Cell death, self-destruct, happens
when problems cannot be fixed
CELL REST – cell will rest if the problem can still
be fixed
Some cells don’t go to the phases that we
mention instead they remain to G0 (GAP 0)
G0 is a RESTING PHASE
 Cells are still performing functions but
they are not preparing to divide
 Some cells go here temporarily
 Some cells stay here permanently (brain
and nerve cells)
IMPORTANT NOTE
- During interphase DNA is in it loose
form called chromatin fiber
- During mitosis DNA is in its condensed
form called chromosomes
CELL DIVISION – process by which a cell, called
the parent cell, divides into two or more cells,
called daughter cells
- Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes
undergo cell division
TWO TYPE OF CELL DIVISION
- Mitosis (somatic cell division)
- Meiosis (reproductive cell division)
TWO MAIN EVENTS OF CELL DIVISION
Karyokinesis

- Also known as mitosis or nuclear cell

division
- Doubling of genetic information for
each daughter cells (DNA replication)

Cytokinesis

- Also known as cytoplasmic division

- Division of cytoplasm and its
components

Mitosis

- Produce daughter cell that have the

same number of chromosomes as their
parent (diploid)
- In mitosis if the parent cell has 46
chromosomes the daughter cells will
both have 46 chromosomes

WHY DO CELLS NEED TO DIVIDE?

- Living things grow by producing cells

- Repair of damaged tissues
- If cell gets too big, it cannot get enough
nutrients into the cell and wastes out
of the cell

- Original cell is called parent cell; 2 new

cells are called daughter cells
- Before cell division, cell replicates all of
its DNA, so each daughter cell gets
complete set of genetic information