Sentence

Semantics
Word meaning
Cross-linguistic problems.
Metaphors.
Idiomatic expressions.
Body language.

Hence, why it's important to include not just the

meaning of words invidually, but also the
meaning of a sentence as a whole to avoid or
solve these issues.
 Propositions
A proposition is the basic semantic content of a
sentece. A proposition is labeled with a "p". If there is
more than a single proposition, then the second one
would be labeled as "q", and so on.

Out of these examples, and more than can

derivate from this drawing, they all mean the
same, defined by propositions.
 Propositions
Propositions can be either True or False, labeled as
such as T, and F, respectively. The state of a
propositions is based on our perception and other
factors.

The "The sky is blue" proposition is a simple. However, it

can be turned into a complex proposion by making use
of connectives,
Connectives

In this sentence, if a compound proposition

is false a in any part of it, like a single
proposition being false or both of them, then
the whole compound proposition is false. It's
only true in the case of all simple
propositions being true.

This applies to the other connectives

presented in the table.
 Entailment
Examples
Entailment is any true inference from a
proposition that is true. There a test to verify
is a proposition is true.

Test
Propositional relations

Mutual entailment.

A proposition states the

opposite of another.

Unidirectional entailment
between two propositions.
 Quantifiers
Quantifiers represent relationships between different sets of entities.

At least, one element X, if X is a linguist then X is bold.

For all elements X holds, if X is a linguist then X is bold.

There is not relation.

Thank you!
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