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Smartkeeda presents
Full-Length Current Affairs MockDrill Series

September 2023
CA MockDrill
PDF - 1
(PDF in English)

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August 2023 Monthly Combo PDF

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INDEX
National & States Affairs .....................................................................................................5
Banking, Finance, Insurance & Economic Affairs ..............................................................8
Defence Affairs ..….…….......................................................................................................10
Sports & Games …...…….......................................................................................................11
Persons in News ….…….......................................................................................................13
Science & Technology …….…...............................................................................................13
Appointments & Resignations ….........................................................................................15
Awards, Rewards, Recognition & Prizes ….........................................................................16
Schemes & Initiatives …..………...........................................................................................17
Meetings, Conferences & Summits ……..............................................................................18
Ranks, Reports & Surveys ……............................................................................................19
MoUs, Collaborations & Partnerships ...............................................................................19

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National & States Affairs
1. Tamil Nadu plans to set up “India Centre for Advanced Manufacturing” in
collaboration with the World Economic Forum (WEF), aimed at supporting companies in
their innovation, sustainability, and research and development (R&D) endeavours. The
Centre will have 3 key focus areas - Technology Adoption & Innovation, Industry-
Academia Engagement, and Sustainable Production. Tamil Nadu is already home to
three Centers of Excellence in collaboration with Siemens, G.E., and Dassault Systemes,
providing vital support to start-ups and MSMEs. The new Centre’s objectives are supporting high-end innovation, new
business models, and digital transformation for manufacturing companies, including SMEs. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Tamil Nadu + WEF = to set up “India Centre for Advanced Manufacturing”
 Aim – supporting companies in their innovation, sustainability, and research and development (R&D) endeavours
 Tamil Nadu: Capital – Chennai | CM – Muthuvel Karunanidhi Stalin | Governor – Ravindra Narayan Ravi
 HQs of WEF – Cologny | Exe. Chairman – Klaus Schwab | President – Borge Brende | Founded – 1971

2. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy recently issued the ‘Green Hydrogen Standard’ for
India. It notified the amount of carbon emissions that are allowed in the process of producing
green hydrogen from renewable sources. It has also defined Green Hydrogen as having a well-
to-gate emission (water treatment, electrolysis, gas purification, drying and compression of
hydrogen) of not more than 2 kg CO2 equivalent per kg of hydrogen produced. The Bureau of
Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Power, will be the nodal authority for green hydrogen production
projects. India has a target of producing 5 million metric tonnes of green hydrogen per annum with an associated
renewable energy capacity of about 125 GW by 2030 under the National Green Hydrogen Mission. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 MNRE – issued the ‘Green Hydrogen Standard’ for India
 MNRE – notified carbon emissions amount allowed in process of producing green hydrogen from renewable sources
 MNRE – defined Green Hydrogen as having a well-to-gate emission of not more than 2 kg CO2 equivalent per kg of
hydrogen produced
 Bureau of Energy Efficiency – will be the nodal authority for green hydrogen production projects
 India’s target – producing 5 MMT green hydrogen per annum
 India’s target – producing associated RE capacity of about 125 GW by 2030 under National Green Hydrogen Mission
 Ministry of Power and Ministry New & Renewable Energy: Raj Kumar Singh | Constituency – Arrah, Bihar
 MoS in Ministry of Power: Krishan Pal Gurjar
 HQs of BEE – New Delhi | Director General – Abhay Bakre

3. On September 1, Nagaland became the first state in the Northeast to launch ‘Aadhaar-Linked Birth Registration (ALBR)’.
The initiative facilitates birth registration based on Aadhaar enrolment for children in 0 to 5 years’ age group. Abhishek
Koushik is the Director of UIDAI. In the northeast, ALBR is a new addition to child enrolment using birth registration
through civil registration system. The details of parents and child will now be automatically fetched from CRS portal using
only the birth registration number. {Read more}

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Smart Points:
 Nagaland – became the 1st state in the Northeast to launch ‘Aadhaar-Linked Birth Registration (ALBR)’
 Details of parents & child will now be automatically fetched from CRS portal using only the birth registration Dumber
 HQs of UIDAI – New Delhi | CEO – Amit Agrawal | Director – Abhishek Koushik | Founded on – January 28, 2009
 Nagaland: Capital – Kohima | CM – Neiphiu Rio | Governor – La. Ganesan

4. The India Cellular and Electronics Association (ICEA) recently set up ‘Indo-US Task Force for Electronics’ to elevate trade
in the segment between the two nations to $100 billion over the next decade. The task force will work towards boosting
trade, fostering innovation, creating jobs, and achieving seamless integration with the global tech ecosystem. The task
force will also look to further the strategic partnership between India and U.S. on semiconductor advancements, advanced
telecommunications, initiatives like iCET, and electronics supply chain. India’s electronics manufacturing industry is
targeting $300 billion of electronics production by 2025-26. RS Sharma is the Chief Mentor of ICEA & Chair of the Indo-US
Task Force for Electronics. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 ICEA – set up ‘Indo-US Task Force for Electronics’ to elevate trade to $100 billion over next decade
 India’s electronics manufacturing industry is targeting $300 billion of electronics production by 2025-26
 RS Sharma – is the Chief Mentor of ICEA & Chair of the Indo-US Task Force for Electronics

5. Reliance Retail Limited, a subsidiary of Reliance Retail Ventures Limited (RRVL), launches a new youth focused brand,
called “Yousta”. All products in Yousta are priced below Rs 999, with a majority priced below Rs 499. Yousta brand has
partnered with a non-profit for customers to donate old clothes at stores and allow them to be used for community
programs. The product can also be accessed online through Ajio and JioMart. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Reliance Retail Limited – launched a new youth focused brand, called “Yousta”
 The product can also be accessed online through Ajio and JioMart
 All products in Yousta are priced below Rs 999, with a majority priced below Rs 499
 Yousta – partnered with a non-profit for customers to donate old clothes at stores
 HQs of RRVL – Mumbai, MH | CEO – V. Subramaniam

6. Union Minister of Textiles, Piyush Goyal, recently unveiled the statue of the first Finance
Minister of the Independent India, RK Shanmugam Chetty, at the South Indian Mills Association
complex (SIMA) in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. R K Shanmugam Chetty was a driving force behind
the establishment of the South Indian Mills Association, an organization that has played a
pivotal role in shaping the Textile industry in South India. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Piyush Goyal – unveiled statue of 1st Finance Minister of the Independent India, RK Shanmugam Chetty
 It is located at – South Indian Mills Association complex (SIMA) in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
 Tamil Nadu: Capital – Chennai | CM – Muthuvel Karunanidhi Stalin | Governor – Ravindra Narayan Ravi

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7. On September 2, the central government formed a committee headed by former President Ram
Nath Kovind to prepare ground for the “One Nation, One Election” Bill. Ever since PM Modi took
over as Prime Minister in 2014, he has been talking about the idea of simultaneous polls, which
include those at local bodies, citing the financial burden caused by an almost continuous election
cycle and the fact that it impacts development work during the polling period. The Law Commission
said, to have elections for the Lok Sabha and state Legislative Assemblies in one go, the government
will need to make certain amendments to the Constitution, the ‘Representation of the People Act, 1951’ and the Rules of
Procedure of the Lok Sabha and state Assemblies. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 GoI formed a committee to prepare ground for the “One Nation, One Election” Bill
 The committee us headed by – former President Ram Nath Kovind
 Govt needs to make certain amendments in:
- The Constitution
- ‘Representation of the People Act, 1951’
- The Rules of Procedure of the Lok Sabha and state Assemblies
 HQs of ECI – New Delhi | Chief Election Commissioner – Rajiv Kumar (25th) | Formed on – 25th Jan, 1950
 Election Commissioners (2) – Anup Chandra Pandey & Arun Goel

8. On September 2, the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has
been granted ‘Deemed University’ status, announced by Education Minister Dharmendra
Pradhan during his address at the 63rd foundation day of the Council. Deemed-to-be-
university is recognition to Higher Education Institutions that excel in specific areas of study.
NCERT will now be able to award its own graduate, postgraduate and doctoral degrees.
NCERT has been granted the deemed-to-be-university status in ‘de novo’ category which
means it can apply to UGC for setting up a new institution as deemed to be university. This
status is given under Section 3 of the ‘University Grants Commission (UGC) Act, 1956’. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 NCERT – has been granted ‘Deemed University’ status
 NCERT – will now be able to award its own graduate, postgraduate and doctoral degrees
 NCERT has been granted the deemed-to-be-university status in ‘de novo’ category
 This status is given under Section 3 of the ‘University Grants Commission (UGC) Act, 1956’
 HQs of NCERT – New Delhi | Director – Dinesh Prasad Saklani | Founded in – 1961

9. On September 1, the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) launched its innovative “Adopt a Heritage 2.0” programme at
the Samvet Auditorium, IGNCA, New Delhi. It aims to safeguard India’s diverse cultural heritage by inviting corporate
stakeholders to enhance the amenities at more than 3,600 monuments spread across the country. Under the Adopt a
Heritage 2.0 program, ASI will be reaching out to corporate partners to utilise their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
funds to enhance the amenities at these historical sites. Interested stakeholders will be able to adopt a monument or
specific amenities through a dedicated web portal at www.indian heritage.gov.in. Also, a user-friendly mobile app named
Indian Heritage will be launched, which will feature details and photographs of heritage monuments across India. {Read
more}

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Smart Points:
 ASI – launched its innovative “Adopt a Heritage 2.0” programme at Samvet Auditorium, IGNCA, New Delhi
 ASI – will reach out to corporate partners to utilise their CSR funds to enhance the amenities at these historical sites
 Web portal – www.indian heritage.gov.in | Mobile app named Indian Heritage will be launched
 HQs of ASI – New Delhi | Director General – V. Vidyavathi

Banking, Finance, Insurance & Economic Affairs


10. In September 2023, India’s gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 7.8% in the April-June quarter (Q1) of current fiscal
(FY 2023-24), compared to a growth of 6.1% in Q1 FY 2022-23, according to official data shared by the National Statistical
Office (NSO), under Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation. The Q1 FY24 economic growth is the highest in
previous four quarters, largely driven by a robust services sector and strong capital expenditure. RBI Governor Shaktikanta
Das-led rate-setting panel had projected India’s real GDP growth for 2023-24 at 6.5% with Q1 growth rate at 8%. {Read
more}
Smart Points:
 Key highlights of official data shared by the National Statistical Office (NSO):
 India’s GDP grew by 7.8% in the Q1 of FY 2023-24 | It was 6.1% in Q1 FY 2022-23
 Q1 FY24 economic growth is the highest in previous four quarters
 HQs of NSO – New Delhi | Chairperson – Bimal Kumar Roy

11. In September 2023, Mastercard, a global technology company in the payments


industry, has launched an “ALT ID” solution for guest checkout transactions. The
Mastercard ALT ID solution is meant for cardholders who carry out transactions without
saving their cards, also called ‘Guest Checkout’. ALT ID (Alternate Identifier) is a custom-
made capability developed by Mastercard to create an alternate identifier for the real
card numbers provided by cardholders during guest checkout transactions on e-
commerce platforms. This solution will enhance online payment security for both merchants and consumers. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Mastercard – launched an “ALT ID” solution for guest checkout transactions | ALT ID – Alternate Identifier
 HQs of Mastercard – New York, US | CEO – Michael Miebach | Founded in – 1966

12. ICICI Prudential Life Insurance has recently launched an innovative income plan, “ICICI Pru GIFT Pro”, which provides
customers the option to receive either a year-on-year increasing income or a constant regular income. In addition, the life
cover component of this non-participating savings product ensures the family has financial security. This feature-packed
product provides customers with a comprehensive long-term financial savings solution. It provides a range of premium
payment terms from 5 to 12 years. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 ICICI Prudential Life Insurance – launched “ICICI Pru GIFT Pro”, an innovative income plan
 It provides customers the option to receive either a year-on-year increasing income or a constant regular income
 Range of premium payment terms – 5 to 12 years
 HQs of ICICI Prudential Life Ins. – Mumbai, Maharashtra | MD & CEO – Anup Bagchi

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13. On September 4, the government permitted the Employees Provident Fund Organisation
(EPFO) to invest proceeds arising out of the sale or redemption of investments in equities and
related investments. As of date, EPFO can invest minimum of 5% and maximum of 15% in
equities and related instruments. EPFO investments in equity are through Exchange Traded
Funds (ETF) only and as of July 31, the total investment is more than ₹2 lakh Crore. Under the
guidelines related to equities and related Investments, EPFO can invest in shares of companies
listed on BSE or NSE which have a market capitalisation of ₹5000 Crore or more. Investment can also be made in mutual
funds which have a minimum of 65% of their investment in BSE or NSE listed equity. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Government permitted the EPFO to invest proceeds arising out of the sale or redemption of investments in Equities
 As of date, EPFO can invest minimum of 5% & maximum of 15% in equities and related instruments
 EPFO investments in equity are through Exchange Traded Funds (ETF) only
 EPFO can invest in shares of companies listed on BSE/NSE which have a market capitalisation of ₹5000 Cr or more
 EPFO can also invest in MFs which have a minimum of 65% of their investment in BSE or NSE listed equity
 HQs of EPFO – New Delhi | CEO – Neelam Shami Rao | Established in – 1952

14. On September 4, PayNearby, a last-mile financial services provider, partnered with


Grameen Foundation for Social Impact (GFSI), a nonprofit organization, to upskill 1,50,000
Business Correspondents (BCs) across rural India, enabling them to offer digital and financial
services beyond traditional cash-in/cash-out transactions. The start-up aims to enlist 15,000
female BC agents to promote gender inclusivity within the sector. Over the next two years,
PayNearby will launch the ‘Scaling Agent Viability and Quality in India’ project, supported by
the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF). {Read more}
Smart Points:
 PayNearby + GFSI = partnered to upskill 1,50,000 Business Correspondents (BCs) across rural India
 PayNearby – will launch the ‘Scaling Agent Viability and Quality in India’ project, supported by BMGF
 HQs of PayNearby – Mumbai, Maharashtra | MD & CEO – Anand Kumar Bajaj

15. On September 1, PSB Alliance, an entity set up by 12 public sector banks (PSBs), appointed Veefin Solutions Ltd to
deploy and administer a unified cloud-based Supply Chain Financing (SCF) ecosystem in the country. This cloud-based
platform will go live within this financial year. The unified platform will enable PSBs and other lenders to get better access
to SMEs, lower the cost of sourcing loans, and eliminate the need for capital investment and resources in establishing their
own tech stacks. In addition, all variants of MSME loan products including term loan, overdraft, loan against property,
other collateral based loans, CGTMSE loans and Mudra loans will be offered through the platform. The PSB Alliance
includes Bank of Baroda, Bank of India, Bank of Maharashtra, Canara Bank, Central Bank of India, Indian Bank, Indian
Overseas Bank, Punjab National Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank, State Bank of India, UCO Bank and Union Bank. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 PSB Alliance – appointed Veefin Solutions Ltd to administer Supply Chain Financing (SCF) ecosystem in India
 PSB Alliance – an entity set up by 12 public sector banks (PSBs) | MD & CEO of PSB Alliance – Rajinder Mirakhur
 HQs of Veefin Solutions – Mumbai, Maharashtra | MD – Raja Debnath

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16. On September 4, Indian Bank partnered with OneCard to introduce state-of-the-art, mobile-first, contactless, metal
cobranded credit cards. OneCard is a metal credit card designed exclusively for mobile use that FPL Technologies launched
and manages in collaboration with issuer banks. Anurag Sinha, Rupesh Kumar, and Vibhav Hathi created FPL Technologies.
This partnership will empower users with full digital control over their credit card interactions. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Indian Bank + OneCard = to introduce state-of-the-art, mobile-first, contactless, metal co-branded Credit Cards
 HQs of Indian Bank – Chennai, Tamil Nadu | MD & CEO – Shanti Lal Jain | Tagline – “Your Own Bank”
 HQs of OneCard – Pune, Maharashtra | Co-Founder & CEO – Anurag Sinha

17. Bad Bank or National Asset Reconstruction Company of India (NARCL) Chairman, Karnam Sekar,
recently resigned due to differences over structure and functioning of the institution. He resigned
soon after a proposal for merging public sector NARCL with India Debt Resolution Company Ltd
(IDRCL) was suggested. N Sunder is the Managing Director of NARCL. The proposal for the merging of
two entities first came from IDRCL, headed by former SBI MD Diwakar Gupta. Under the current
structure, NARCL functions as a ‘Principal Entity’ while the IDRCL operates as a ‘Resolution Agent’. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Karnam Sekar (NARCL Chairman) – resigned due to differences over structure and functioning of the institution
 A proposal for merging public sector NARCL with India Debt Resolution Company Ltd (IDRCL) was suggested
 NARCL – functions as a ‘Principal Entity’ | IDRCL – operates as a ‘Resolution Agent’

18. Uday Kotak stepped down as the Kotak Mahindra Bank’s Managing Director and
Chief Executive Officer, with effect from September 1, 2023. However, he will
continue as a Non-Executive Director of the bank. As an interim arrangement, Dipak
Gupta, the joint MD, will carry out the duties of the MD & CEO until December 31,
2023. Uday Kotak has been leading the bank since its inception as a non-banking
financial institution in 1985. It became a commercial lender in 2003. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Uday Kotak – stepped down as the Kotak Mahindra Bank’s Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer
 Dipak Gupta – will carry out the duties of the MD & CEO until December 31, 2023
 Uday Kotak has been leading the bank since its inception as a non-banking financial institution in 1985
 Kotak Mahindra Bank – became a commercial lender in 2003
 HQs of Kotak Mahindra Bank – Mumbai, MH | MD & CEO – Dipak Gupta | Tagline – “Let’s make money simple”

Defence Affairs
19. On September 2, Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), a leading defence PSU in India, and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI),
a prominent aerospace and defence company from Israel, signed an MoU to collaborate on addressing India’s
requirements in the domain of Short Range Air Defence Systems. The MoU aligns with the ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ (self-
reliant India) and ‘Make in India’ initiatives of the Indian government. It aims to leverage the collective capabilities of IAI
and BEL in the domain of Short Range Air Defence Systems, fostering indigenous production & technological advancement.
{Read more}

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Smart Points:
 BEL + Israel Aerospace Industries = an MoU for addressing India’s requirements in Short Range Air Defence Systems
 The MoU aligns with the ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ (self-reliant India) and ‘Make in India’ initiatives
 HQs of BEL – Bengaluru, Karnataka | CMD – Bhanu Prakash Srivastava (addi. charge)
 Israel – Jerusalem – Israeli Shekel | President – Isaac Herzog | PM – Benjamin Netanyahu

20. Titagarh Rail Systems Limited (TRSL) launched the first Diving Support Craft (DSC) for the Indian Navy at its shipyard in
Titagarh, West Bengal. TRSL is building 5 such vessels for the Indian Navy at a contract value of about Rs 175 Crore. The
DSC is a state-of-the-art vessel equipped with advanced technological capabilities to facilitate diving operations in any
possible underwater environment. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Titagarh Rail Systems (TRSL) – launched 1st Diving Support Craft (DSC) for Indian Navy at its shipyard in Titagarh, WB
 TRSL – building 5 such vessels for the Indian Navy at a contract value of about Rs 175 Cr
 West Bengal: Capital – Kolkata | CM – Mamta Banerjee | Governor – C. V. Ananda Bose

21. On September 1, Indian Navy’s warship ‘INS Mahendragiri’, the 7th ship of ‘Project 17A’
frigates series developed by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL), is launched in
Mumbai, Maharashtra. Mahendragiri is a technologically advanced warship. The ship’s
versatility, coupled with attributes like access, mobility, reach, and resilience will make
Mahendragiri a unique instrument of India’s maritime power. Mahendragiri is named after
a mountain peak in Eastern Ghats located in Odisha. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 ‘INS Mahendragiri’, the 7th ship of ‘Project 17A’ frigates series – launched in Mumbai (developed by - MDL)
 Mahendragiri is named after a mountain peak in Eastern Ghats located in Odisha

Sports & Games


22. In September 2023, Kshitij Sodani from India won a Gold medal at the
“International Olympiads for Informatics 2023”. India won gold at this
competition after a gap of 9 years. India was represented by four students
and they all won medals. Paras Kasmalkar and Shreyan Ray won silver medals
and Sushil Raaja U won a bronze medal. The competition was held in Szeged,
Hungary. The last time India won gold in 2014. It is one of the top five Science
Olympiads across the world. Kshitij also secured a gold medal at the Asia
Pacific Informatics Olympiad (APIO) 2023, held in Beijing. This was India’s second gold medal at APIO till date. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 “International Olympiads for Informatics 2023” – held in Szeged, Hungary
 Kshitij Sodani (India) – won a Gold medal | Paras Kasmalkar and Shreyan Ray – won silver medals
 Sushil Raaja U – won a bronze medal | The last time India won gold in 2014
 Kshitij Sodani – also secured a gold medal at the Asia Pacific Informatics Olympiad (APIO) 2023, held in Beijing
 Hungary – Budapest – Forint | President – Katalin Novak | PM – Viktor Orban

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23. On September 3, Netherland’s Max Verstappen from Red Bull secured a record 10th straight win
with victory in Formula One (F1) at the ‘Italian Grand Prix 2023’ held in Monza Circuit. Mexico’s Sergio
Perez from Red Bull team and Spain’s Carlos Sainz from Ferrari team secured second & third place,
respectively. Verstappen now has 12 wins from the 14 races this year. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Max Verstappen (Red Bull - Netherland) – won the “F1 Italian Grand Prix 2023” (a record 10th straight win)
 2nd – Sergio Perez (Mexico - Red Bull) | 3rd – Carlos Sainz (Spain – Ferrari)

24. Raja Anirudh Sriram, a 4th-standard student of Tirupati, has bagged a Silver medal at the “Singapore
International Math Olympiad Challenge (SIMOC) 2023” held recently. Total 23 Indians attended the
event, including 8-year-old Anirudh from Andhra Pradesh. More than 2000 students from 32 countries
participated in the prestigious event. His other international triumphs include the International Maths
Olympiad (IMO) and ABACUS mental mathematics. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Raja Anirudh Sriram – won a Silver medal at the “Singapore International Math Olympiad Challenge (SIMOC) 2023”
 Raja Anirudh Sriram – a 4th-standard student of Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh
 Singapore – Singapore – Dollar | PM – Lee Hsien Loong | President – Halimah Yacob

25. On September 2, India emerged champions in the ‘Men’s Hockey5s Asia Cup’, beating
arch-rivals Pakistan with 2-0. With the victory, India qualified for the “FIH Men’s Hockey5s
World Cup 2024” to be held in Muscat, Oman in January, 2024. For India, Mohammed Raheel
(19th & 26th), Jugraj Singh (7th) and Maninder Singh (10th) were the goal scorers during the
regulation time. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 India – emerged champions in the ‘Men’s Hockey5s Asia Cup’ (defeating – Pakistan)
 India – qualified for the “FIH Men’s Hockey5s World Cup 2024” to be held in Muscat, Oman in January, 2024
 Oman – Muscat – Rial | Sultan – Haitham bin Tariq Al Said

26. On September 1, India’s Neeraj Chopra finished second in the men’s javelin throw event
at the “Zurich Diamond League” meet, with a throw of 85.71m. Jakub Vadlejch of Czech
Republic finished first and won gold with a throw of 85.86m. Germany’s Julian Weber
finished third with a throw of 84.92m. Meanwhile, long jumper Murali Sreeshankar finished
fifth in his event with a best jump of 7.99m. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Neeraj Chopra – finished second in the men’s javelin throw event at the “Zurich Diamond League” (85.71m)
 The gold was won by – Jakub Vadlejch of Czech Republic (85.86m) | 3rd – Julian Weber of Germany (84.92m)
 Murali Sreeshankar (Long Jumper) – finished fifth in his event with a best jump of 7.99m
 Switzerland – Bern – Swiss Franc | President – Guy Parmelin

27. On September 3, Mohun Bagan clinched the “Durand Cup” title for the first time in 23 years,
defeating arch-rivals East Bengal 1-0 at Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan in Kolkata, West
Bengal. This was Mohun Bagan’s 17th Durand Cup title. Durand Cup is an annual domestic football
competition in India which was first held in 1888 in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. {Read more}

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Smart Points:
 The “Durand Cup” – was held at Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan in Kolkata, West Bengal
 Mohun Bagan – clinched the “Durand Cup” title for the first time in 23 years (defeating – East Bengal)
 This was Mohun Bagan’s 17th Durand Cup title
 Durand Cup – an annual domestic football competition in India | It was first held in 1888 in Shimla, HP
 West Bengal: Capital – Kolkata | CM – Mamta Banerjee | Governor – C. V. Ananda Bose

Persons in News
28. On September 1, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor, Shaktikanta Das, is among
three central bank chiefs to receive ‘A+’ grade in the “Global Finance Central Banker Report
Cards 2023”. The grades are based on a scale from A to F for success in inflation control,
economic growth goals, currency stability & interest rate management. ‘A’ grade represents an
excellent performance. The other two central bank chiefs who earned ‘A+’ grades along with
Mr Das are - Thomas J. Jordan (Switzerland) and Nguyen Thi Hong (Vietnam). {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Shaktikanta Das – received ‘A+’ grade in “Global Finance Central Banker Report Cards 2023”
 He is among 3 central bank chiefs to receive ‘A+’ grade
 Other two are: Thomas J. Jordan (Switzerland) and Nguyen Thi Hong (Vietnam)
 HQs of RBI – Mumbai, Maharashtra | Governor – Shaktikanta Das (25th) | Established on – 1st April, 1935
 Total Deputy Governors (4) – S. Janakiraman | T. Rabi Sankar | Michael D. Patra | M. Rajeshwar Rao

Science & Technology


29. GalaxEye, a pioneering SpaceTech start-up, achieved a groundbreaking feat by
introducing an innovative high-resolution ‘Aerial Drone-based Synthetic Aperture Radar
(SAR) System’. This cutting-edge technology allows for detailed all-weather imaging, even in
adverse conditions. GalaxEye has set itself apart as a leading player in this field, alongside
established organizations like ISRO & DRDO. Their proprietary data fusion technology
enables satellite constellations to perform all-weather imaging without being hindered by
atmospheric challenges. Founded in 2021, GalaxEye is the brainchild of entrepreneurs from Avishkar Hyperloop. Suyash
Singh is the CEO of GalaxEye. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 GalaxEye – introduced an innovative high-resolution ‘Aerial Drone-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) System’
 It can perform all-weather imaging without being hindered by atmospheric challenges
 GalaxEye – is the brainchild of entrepreneurs from Avishkar Hyperloop
 HQs of GalaxEye – Chennai, TN | CEO – Suyash Singh | Founded – 2021

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30. On September 4, IIT Jodhpur developed a device for good indoor air quality. The new device,
based on Cold-plasma Detergent in Environment (CODE) technology, is capable of deactivating more
than 99.99% of harmful pathogens and provides quality indoor air. The technology was developed
by Divya Plasma Solutions - a startup incubated at IIT Jodhpur’s Technology Innovation and Start-up
Centre (TISC). The technology aims to deal with both aerosol transport and aerosol infectivity
simultaneously in the indoor environment and proactively treat the air in the occupied space at the
source of contamination. The concept is based on non-equilibrium cold plasma in combination with nano-technology.
{Read more}
Smart Points:
 IIT Jodhpur – developed a device for good indoor air quality
 The device is based on Cold-plasma Detergent in Environment (CODE) technology
 The technology was developed by – Divya Plasma Solutions, a startup incubated at IIT Jodhpur
 Director of IIT Jodhpur – Professor Santanu Chaudhury

31. On September 2, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched India’s maiden
solar mission, “Aditya-L1”, from the launch pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre, in
Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. It was lifted off aboard PSLV-C57 (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle)
rocket. Aditya-L1 is the first space-based observatory to study the Sun. It will study the
nearest star and the largest object in the solar system, over the next 5 years. The spacecraft,
after travelling about 1.5 million km from the Earth, is expected to be placed in a ‘Halo’ orbit
around the Lagrangian point L1 which is considered closest to the Sun. It is expected to take
more than 120 days (4 months) for the spacecraft to reach the L1. Aditya-L1 will stay in earth-bound orbits for 16 days.
The spacecraft carries 7 payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the sun (the
corona) using electromagnetic particle and magnetic field detectors. Nigar Shaji, ISRO’s woman scientist, is the Mission
Director. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 ISRO – launched India’s maiden solar mission, “Aditya-L1”, from launch pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre
 It was lifted off aboard PSLV-C57 rocket | Aditya-L1 is the first space-based observatory to study the Sun
 Mission Life – 5 Years | Mission Director – Nigar Shaji
 The spacecraft carries 7 payloads to observe photosphere, chromosphere & outermost layers of sun (the corona)
 The spacecraft will be placed in a ‘Halo’ orbit around the Lagrange point 1 (L1) of the Sun-Earth system
 Point L1 – located about 1.5 million km from the Earth
 It is expected to take more than 120 days (4 months) for the spacecraft to reach the L1
 HQs of ISRO – Bengaluru, Karnataka | Director – S. Somanath | Formed on – August 15, 1969

32. On September 3, Hyderabad-based private sector firm, Grene Robotics, unveiled a


weapon platform named “Indrajaal”, the world’s only autonomous wide area,
counter-unmanned aircraft system (C-UAS). It is the world’s first anti-drone system
capable of protecting against micro, mini, small, large and extra-large drones.
Indrajaal’s design principle leverages a combination of 12 unique layers of technology
powered by artificial intelligence for the first time in the world. Using this, the system
has the ability to detect, identify, classify, track, and swiftly neutralise threats in real time. Providing 360-degree
protection, Indrajaal can defend areas of up to 4000 square kilometres against all classifications and levels of unmanned
autonomous threats. {Read more}

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Smart Points:
 Grene Robotics – unveiled a weapon platform named “Indrajaal”, world’s only autonomous wide area, C-UAS
 It is the world’s first anti-drone system capable of protecting against micro, mini, small, large and extra-large drones
 Indrajaal can defend areas of up to 4000 km2 against all classifications & levels of unmanned autonomous threats
 HQs of Grene Robotics – Hyderabad, Telangana | CEO – Kiran Penumacha

Appointmens & Resignations


33. In September 2023, Gabon’s military leader, Gen. Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema, was sworn in as Head
of State or Transitional President of Gabon. Also, he is appointed as Chairman of the Committee for the
Transition and Restoration of Institutions. Gen. Oligui is a cousin of the ousted President Ali Bongo
Ondimba, served as a bodyguard to Bongo’s late father and is head of the republican guard, an elite
military unit. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Gen. Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema – was sworn in as Head of State or Transitional President of Gabon
 Gen. Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema – is Gabon’s military leader | He succeeded – Ali Bongo Ondimba
 He is also appointed as Chairman of the Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions
 Gabon – Libreville – CFA franc | President – Gen. Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema | PM – Alain-Claude Bilie By Nze

34. On September 4, the US Small Business Administration (SBA) announced the appointment of 14
members to the newly established federal Investment Capital Advisory Committee (ICAC). Indian-
American Arjun Gupta is appointed as the committee’s Chairman. The ICAC consists of members
with diverse perspectives, experiences, and occupational backgrounds in and related to the US
private investment industry. The inaugural committee’s main objective is to promote, expand &
strengthen the ecosystem of private funds financing US small businesses and startups. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Arjun Gupta (Indian-American) – appointed as the Chairman of Investment Capital Advisory Committee (ICAC)
 ICAC is established by – US Small Business Administration (SBA)

35. On September 2, veteran actor, director & producer, R Madhavan, whose film ‘Rocketry’ bagged
a National Award, has been nominated for the position of President at the Film & Television Institute
of India (FTII), Pune. He will be replacing ‘Mr India’ director Shekhar Kapoor. ‘Rocketry: The Nambi
Effect’ that explored the life and times of ex-ISRO scientist S Nambi Narayanan, won an award for
Best Feature Film at the 69th National Film Awards. The FTII functions as an autonomous body under
the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 R Madhavan – nominated for the position of President at the Film & Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune
 He will replace Shekhar Kapoor (‘Mr India’ director)
 ‘Rocketry’ – explored life & times of S Nambi Narayanan – won Best Feature Film award at 69th National Film Awards
 FTII – functions as an autonomous body under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
 HQs of FTII – Pune, Maharashtra | President – R. Madhavan | Chairman – Apurva Chandra

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36. On September 4, the National Association of Software and Service Companies (NASSCOM)
appointed Rajesh Nambiar (Chairman & MD of Cognizant India) as its Chairperson. Nambiar takes
on the new role from his previous role as Vice Chairperson, succeeding Anant Maheshwari (Former
President of Microsoft India). Nambiar, along with President Debjani Ghosh, will continue to work
with the nasscom Executive Council, industry and the government. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Rajesh Nambiar – as Chairperson of NASSCOM (succeeding - Anant Maheshwari)
 HQs of NASSCOM – New Delhi | President – Debjani Ghosh | Chairman – Rajesh Nambiar

37. On September 2, Tharman Shanmugaratnam, an Indian-origin Singapore-born economist, won


Singapore’s Presidential Election & became the 9th President of Singapore. He won 70.4% of votes in
the country’s first contested presidential polls since 2011. Tharman has served as Singapore’s Deputy
prime minister from 2011 to 2019. Lee Hsien Loong is the Prime Minister of Singapore. Incumbent
President Madam Halimah Yacob’s 6-year term ends on September 13. She is the country’s eighth and
first female president. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Tharman Shanmugaratnam (Indian-origin Singapore-born economist) – became the 9th President of Singapore
 He has served as Singapore’s Deputy prime minister from 2011 to 2019
 Madam Halimah Yacob – was the country’s 8th and 1st female president
 Singapore – Singapore – Dollar | PM – Lee Hsien Loong | President – Tharman Shanmugaratnam

Awards, Rewards, Recognition & Prizes


38. In September 2023, Assam-based renowned oncologist & surgeon, and Cachar Cancer
Hospital and Research Centre’s Director, Dr. Ravi Kannan, has been announced as the
distinguished recipient of the “Hero For Holistic Healthcare” award at the 65th edition of the
‘Ramon Magsaysay Award’, also known as the ‘Nobel Prize of Asia’. He stands as the sole
awardee from India in this edition. He was awarded for his pioneering role in revolutionizing
cancer care in the North Eastern Region (NER) of India. Other awardees of this edition include -
Miriam Coronel-Ferrer from the Philippines as the recipient of “Women in Peace-Building
Pioneer” award, Korvi Rakshand from Bangladesh as the recipient of “Education-for-All
Champion”, Eugenio Lemos from Timor-Leste as the recipient of “Food Sovereignty Visionary”.
India has received a total of 59 awards so far. While Philippines has received 65 awards, the highest among all countries.
{Read more}
Smart Points:
 Dr. Ravi Kannan – announced as distinguished recipient of “Hero For Holistic Healthcare” award
 It was announced at 65th edition of the ‘Ramon Magsaysay Award’ which is also known as ‘Nobel Prize of Asia’
 Dr. Ravi Kannan – Assam-based oncologist & surgeon, & Cachar Cancer Hospital and Research Centre’s Director
 India has received a total of 59 awards so far | Highest – Philippines (65)
 Assam: Capital – Dispur | CM – Himanta Biswa Sarma | Governor – Gulab Chand Kataria

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39. N7 - The Nitrogen Platform’s CEO, Manoj Bubna, has been conferred the prestigious
“Entrepreneur of the Year 2023” award by the renowned ‘Entrepreneur India’ business magazine.
Manoj Bubna, a trailblazing entrepreneur known for his innovative thinking and transformative
approach, has steered his company to unprecedented heights, revolutionizing the industry with his
groundbreaking ideas and steadfast determination. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Manoj Bubna – conferred with “Entrepreneur of the Year 2023” award by ‘Entrepreneur India’ business magazine
 Manoj Bubna – is the CEO of N7 - The Nitrogen Platform

40. On September 2, Telangana Chief Innovation Officer (CIO) Dr Shanta Thoutam received the
‘World Innovation Award’ at the 1st ‘BRICS Innovation Forum’ hosted in Moscow, Russia. The
award is given for outstanding contribution to the ‘Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) - 4’ that
ensures inclusive and equitable quality education and promotes lifelong opportunities for all.
The award ceremony was organised by World Organisation for Development, an international
NGO with special consultative status with the UN Economic and Social Council. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 1st ‘BRICS Innovation Forum’ – hosted in Moscow, Russia
 Dr Shanta Thoutam (Telangana CIO) – received ‘World Innovation Award’ for outstanding contribution to SDG-4
 Award ceremony was organised by – UNWOD, an international NGO with special consultative status with ECOSOC
 HQs of ECOSOC – New York, US | President – Lachezara Stoeva | Established in – 1945 | Members – 54

41. Kohima from Nagaland and Namchi from Sikkim received ‘Zonal Smart City Awards’ in the northeastern zone. The India
Smart Cities Award Contest (ISAC) is organized under the Smart Cities Mission (SCM) of Union Ministry of Housing & Urban
Affairs. ISAC recognises and rewards the cities, projects and innovative ideas that are promoting sustainable development
across the 100 smart cities. The Smart Cities Mission launched on June 25, 2015, is aimed at providing core infrastructure,
clean and sustainable environment & a decent quality of life to their citizens through the application of ‘Smart Solutions’.
{Read more}
Smart Points:
 Kohima (Nagaland) & Namchi (Sikkim) – received ‘Zonal Smart City Awards’ in the northeastern zone
 India Smart Cities Award Contest (ISAC) – organized under the Smart Cities Mission (SCM) of MoHUA
 The Smart Cities Mission launched on June 25, 2015
 Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs: Hardeep Singh Puri | Constituency – Uttar Pradesh
 MoS in Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs: Kaushal Kishore

Schemes & Initiatives


42. Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region (MoDNER) has released new Scheme Guidelines for implementing
Cabinet-approved Schemes during 15th Finance Commission’s balance period. The cabinet had approved continuation of
the North East Special Infrastructure Development Scheme (NESIDS) with an outlay of Rs 8139.50 Crore for the period
from 2022-23 to 2025-26. The Union Cabinet had also approved continuation of the ‘Schemes of North Eastern Council
(NEC)’ for the period from 2022-23 to 2025-26 with a total outlay of Rs 3202.7 Crore. The MDoNER Schemes help provide
gap-filling support to the 8 North Eastern States as per their felt needs, by taking up projects. {Read more}

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Smart Points:
 MoDNER – released new Scheme Guidelines for implementing Cabinet-approved Schemes during 15th Finance
Commission’s balance period
 Cabinet had approved continuation of NESIDS with an outlay of Rs 8139.50 Cr for period from 2022-23 to 2025-26
 Union Cabinet had also approved continuation of ‘Schemes of NEC’ for period from 2022-23 to 2025-26
 Total outlay of ‘Schemes of NEC’ – Rs 3202.7 Cr

Meetings, Conferences and Summits


43. Jyotiraditya M Scindia, Union Minister for Civil Aviation, inaugurated the ‘International
Aerospace Conference’ on the theme “Moving Towards Inclusive Global Value Chain” in
Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. It was organised by the Ministry of Civil Aviation & Confederation
of Indian Industry (CII). The International Aerospace Conference is a G20 initiative in the
aerospace sector under G20 and B20 priority, focusing on developing inclusive global value
chains for Global trade and Investment. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Jyotiraditya M Scindia – inaugurated the ‘International Aerospace Conference’ in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh
 Theme – “Moving Towards Inclusive Global Value Chain”
 International Aerospace Conference – is a G20 initiative in the aerospace sector under G20 and B20 priority
 It was organised by = Ministry of Civil Aviation + Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
 Ministry of Civil Aviation: Jyotiraditya M. Scindia | Constituency – Guna, Madhya Pradesh
 MoS in Ministry of Civil Aviation: V. K. Singh
 HQs of CII – New Delhi | President – R. Dinesh | VP – Rajiv Memani | DG – Chandrajit Banerjee

44. On September 4, World Health Organization (WHO) released the outcome document of 1st “WHO Traditional Medicine
Global Summit 2023” in form of ‘Gujarat Declaration’. The declaration reaffirmed global commitments towards indigenous
knowledges, biodiversity and traditional, complementary and integrative medicine. The WHO reiterates that India as host
of the WHO Global Traditional Medicine Centre at Jamnagar, Gujarat has an important role in scaling up WHO’s capacities
to support member states and stakeholders in taking forward the summit action agenda and other relevant priorities. The
1st ‘Global Summit on Traditional Medicine’ was organised by the World Health Organization (WHO) and co-hosted by the
Ministry of Ayush, from August 17-18, 2023, at Gandhinagar, Gujarat. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 WHO – released the outcome document of 1st “WHO Traditional Medicine Global Summit 2023” in form of ‘Gujarat
Declaration’
 WHO Global Traditional Medicine Centre – at Jamnagar, Gujarat
 1st ‘Global Summit on Traditional Medicine’ – at Gandhinagar, Gujarat (organised by WHO & co-hosted by MoA)
 HQs of WHO – Geneva, Switzerland | DG – Tedros Adhanom | Member Countries – 194 | Founded in – 1948

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Ranks, Reports & Surveys
45. S&P Global’s “Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)” for India rose to 58.6 in August from 57.7 in July, the
highest since May. The survey also showed that job creation was at a four-month low and cost inflation surged to a one-
year high. The data, released on September 1, showed that India’s economic growth rose to 7.8% in the April-June quarter
of 2023-24, against 13.1% in the year-ago period. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 S&P Global’s “Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)” for India rose to – 58.6 in August 2023
 The data showed that India’s economic growth rose to 7.8% in Q1 FY24
 HQs of S&P Global – New York, US | CEO – Douglas L. Peterson

MoUs, Collaborations & Partnerships


46. On September 1, Minister of State for Science & Technology, Jitendra Singh, unveiled a
postal stamp to commemorate a decade of partnership between India Post and Amazon at
the 4th edition of “Amazon Smbhav Summit 2023” held in New Delhi. During the event,
Amazon signed an MoU with India Post to simplify cross-border logistics for MSMEs exporters
to boost their share in India’s overall exports. Along with this, the e-commerce giant, Amazon,
also announced its engagement with Indian Railways’ Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation
of India (DFC). The tie-up with India Post is expected to bolster Amazon’s engagement with exports from India, taking it
from the present $8 billion to $20 billion by 2025. Amazon has become the first e-commerce company in India to leverage
DFC for shipping customer packages through freight railway routes in India. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 4th edition of “Amazon Smbhav Summit 2023” – held in New Delhi
 Jitendra Singh – unveiled a postal stamp to commemorate a decade of partnership between India Post and Amazon
 Amazon + India Post = an MoU to simplify cross-border logistics for MSMEs exporters
 Amazon – announced its engagement with Indian Railways’ Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India (DFC)
 Amazon – became 1st e-commerce company in India to leverage DFC for shipping customer packages through freight
railway routes in India

47. On September 4, Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Ltd (IREDA) signed an MoU with India Infrastructure
Finance Company Ltd (IIFCL) to finance Renewable Energy projects. The MoU will empower IREDA and IIFCL to engage in
Co-Lending/ Co-Origination and Loan Syndication for all categories of Renewable Energy projects, including Small Hydro
projects. The MoU was signed by Chairman & Managing Director, IREDA, S Pradip Kumar Das and Managing Director, IIFCL,
P R Jaishankar. IREDA is a PSU under the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE). {Read more}
Smart Points:
 IREDA + IIFCL = an MoU to finance Renewable Energy projects
 HQs of IREDA – New Delhi | CMD – Pradip Kumar Das | Motto – “Energy for Ever” | Founded – 1987
 HQs of IIFCL – New Delhi | MD – Padmanabhan Raja Jaishankar

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48. On September 1, NTPC Ltd and Oil India Ltd (OIL) signed an MoU to explore collaboration in the areas of Renewable
Energy, Green Hydrogen & its derivatives, Geothermal and other Decarbonization initiatives. The MoU will also facilitate
knowledge and experience sharing on the upcoming Decarbonisation technologies like Carbon Sequestration. Both
companies are ‘Maharatna’. NTPC said it is committed to achieve 60 GW of Renewable Energy capacity by 2032 and
become a major player in Green Hydrogen Technology and Energy Storage domain. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 NTPC + IOL = an MoU for collaboration in Renewable Energy, Green Hydrogen & its derivatives, Geothermal and
other Decarbonization initiatives
 NTPC – committed to achieve 60 GW of Renewable Energy capacity by 2032
 HQs of NTPC – New Delhi | CMD – Gurdeep Singh | Founded in – 1975
 HQs of OIL – Noida, Uttar Pradesh | CMD – Ranjit Rath

49. On September 4, in order to prepare government officials for the future and enhance the efficiency of public service
delivery, the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE), the Department of Higher Education (DoHE) and
the Department of School Education and Literacy (DoSEL), in collaboration with the Capacity Building Commission (CBC),
have unveiled the “Annual Capacity Building Plan (ACBP)”. Additionally, they have introduced the ‘Know Your Ministry
Induction Module’ for MSDE and a ‘Training Module for Directors of DoHE’, all as part of ‘Mission Karmayogi’. The
Government of India has established the Capacity Building Commission (CBC) to promote standardisation and
harmonisation within the Indian civil services landscape. CBC operates under the umbrella of ‘Mission Karmayogi’. {Read
more}
Smart Points:
 MSDE + DoHE + DoSEL + CBC = unveiled the “Annual Capacity Building Plan (ACBP)”
 Additionally, they have introduced:
- ‘Know Your Ministry Induction Module’ for MSDE
- ‘Training Module for Directors of DoHE’
 Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship: Dharmendra Pradhan | Constituency – Madhya Pradesh
 MoS in Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship: Rajeev Chandrasekhar

50. Directorate General Resettlement (DGR), under Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare (DESW), Ministry of Defence,
and Genpact India Private Limited signed an MoU to bring the corporate companies and Ex-Servicemen on a common
platform to generate employment opportunities for the esteemed Ex-Servicemen of the Defence Services. Genpact, a
global leader in professional services, would provide meaningful career opportunities for Veterans. Maj Gen Sharad Kapur
is the Director General (Resettlement). {Read more}
Smart Points:
 DGR + Genpact India = an MoU to bring the corporate companies and Ex-Servicemen on a common platform
 Aim – to generate employment opportunities for the esteemed Ex-Servicemen of the Defence Services
 Directorate General Resettlement (DGR) – works under DESW, Ministry of Defence
 HQs of Genpact – New York, USA | President & CEO – NV Tyagarajan | Chairman – Jim Madden
 HQs of DGR – New Delhi | Director General – Maj Gen Sharad Kapur | Works under – DESW, MoD

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A GLIMPSE OF SOME GENUINE TESTIMONIALS

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A GLIMPSE OF SOME GENUINE TESTIMONIALS

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ippines – Manila – Peso | President – Ferdinand Marcos Jr

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