Carl Adrian M.

Gundayao CIV229
PHYSICAL PERCEPTION ABOUT SELF
Socrates
- Socrates argues that the content of our lives is determined by our internal spiritual
condition. Therefore, it is crucial that we invest a great deal of time, effort, and
resources into developing a decent and beautiful soul. According to Socrates, the next
step on the road to self-knowledge is to discover the difference between good and
evil, and then utilize that knowledge to foster the good within one's own soul while
purging the evil. As a way to sum up the idea, let's just say that we're going to make
our spirits all shiny and new. And it is only through the development of our inner
selves that we may hope to experience lasting joy.
Plato
- Plato, in contrast, thinks the spirit is only passing through the body. So, as according
to Plato's view of the self, once a person dies, their soul leaves their body and the
body decays. The soul is non-corporeal and immortal; therefore, it cannot perish.
Augustine
- Every person has an everlasting spirit. Since the soul is thought of being one with the
body, the soul needs the body in order to survive in this world. It is a crucial
component of what controls and characterizes an individual. That we are good-
natured and hence made in God's image is a fact widely recognized.
Descartes
- Descartes' seminal idea that the mind and body are fundamentally different has
endured because of its originality and significance. Mind-body dualism is the term for
this view. He arrives at this result by arguing that the mind (an immaterial, thinking
entity) is fundamentally distinct from the body (a material, non-cognitive thing), and
so the former can exist independently of the latter. Descartes claims the mind is
unbreakable because he himself is incapable of being broken up. However, since he
can't conceive of the body any other way, it must be divided.
Locke
- John Locke argues that an individual's sense of self is dependent on their ability to
maintain consistent mental states throughout time. He believed that the basis of one's
identity (the self) was in one's level of awareness rather than in the spirit or the
physical body.
Kant
- He argues that each of us have an interior and an external self that combine to
produce consciousness. One's "inner self" consists of both one's emotional and
intellectual makeup. Our senses and the physical universe make up our "external
self."
Freud
- The body is at the center of the human experience, according to the psychoanalytic
school founded by Sigmund Freud. Based on his research, Freud concluded that ego
is primarily a bodily entity.
Ryle
- Although he argued that mind is not and cannot exist, Ryle still attributed identity to
human actions. All of our actions are simply the results of the body’s natural
physiology.
Churchland
- Canadian philosopher Paul Churchland has made it his mission to encourage better
word choice and association when it comes to describing oneself. He thinks our sense
of identity is established by the way our brain’s function.
Merleau Ponty
- According to Maurice Merleau-Ponty, one's body and mind is an integral element of
one's internal experience, or one's subjective self. This theory conflicts with both
rationalism and pragmatism. Knowledge and identity, according to rationalists,
originate in the mind instead of the senses.