4

Chemical Kinetics Chapter

1 RATE OF REACTION 5 INTEGRATED RATE EQUATION AND HALF LIFE 8 TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE RATE OF
For a reaction, aA + bB ® xX + yY REACTION
m Zero order reaction:
-1 d[A] -1 d[B] 1 d[X] 1 d[Y] -d[R] m For a chemical reaction with rise in temperature by 10°,
rate = = = = Rate = = k[R]°
dt the rate of reaction is nearly doubled
a dt b dt x dt y dt -Ea
[R] = [R]0 – kt m Arrhenius equation : k = Ae RT
m Unit of rate of reaction : [R0]
–1 –1 [R]0 slope= – k Intercept = InA

[R]
(i) mol L s t1 =
2
2k
–1

Ink
(ii) atm s –Ea
[R]0 slope =
t100% = R
-D[R] - ([R2 ] - [R1] ) k
m Average rate = = 0 t
Dt t 2 - t1 First order reaction:
-d[R] 0 1/T
d[R] d[P]
m Instantaneous rate = - = Rate = = k[R]1
dt dt dt
æk ö Ea é T2 - T1 ù
In [R] = ln [R]0 – kt m log ç 2 ÷ = ê ú
2 ORDER è k1 ø 2.303 R ë T1T2 û
x y 2.303 [R]
log 0

log([R]0/[R])
m For a rate law equation : rate = k[A] [B] order of k= m The energy required to form the reaction intermediate,
t [R]
reaction = x + y slope = k called activated complex, is known as activation energy (Ea)
2.303 [R] 2.303
m Order of reaction can be 0, 1, 2, 3 and even a fraction. k= log 1 m Threshold energy = Activation energy
(t 2 - t1) [R]2
m Order of reaction is an experimental quantity. 0 t + energy possessed by
m Order is applicable to elementary as well as complex 0.693
t1 = reacting species.
reaction. k
2
-Ea
m For complex reaction, order is given by slowest step. th For biomolecular reaction. Rate = PZ e RT
m For n order reaction, t 1 µ [R0 ]1-n m
AB

3 MOLECULARITY 2
where, P is steric factor and ZAB is Collision frequency.
m It is the number of atoms, ions are molecules that must
6 PSEUDO FIRST ORDER REACTIONS
collide simultaneously with one another to result into a 9 EFFECT OF CATALYST
m Hydrolysis of ethyl acetate in acidic medium
chemical reaction
m Inversion of cane sugar in acidic medium m Catalyst increases the rate of reaction by reducing the
m It cannot be zero or a non-integer activation energy of reaction.
7 ORDER OF SOME REACTIONS
m It is applicable only for elementary reactions
m A small amount of the catalyst can catalyse a large amount
Reaction Order
1130 K
of reactants
4 Reaction order Unit of rate constant 2NH3(g) Pt catalyst
N2(g) + 3H2(g) Zero
–1 –1 Gold surface
m A catalyst does not alter Gibbs energy, DG of a reaction.
Zero mol L s 2HI(g) D
H2(g) + I2(g) Zero
m Catalyst does not change the equilibrium constant of a
–1 Radioactive decay
First s First reaction
–1 –1 D 1
Second mol L s N2O5(g) 2NO2 + O2 First m A catalyst can catalyse the spontaneous reactions only.
2

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 78 Chemical Kinetics NCERT Maps

1. Select the correct statement(s) among the 4. Activation energy is given by 7. For which reaction, the rate of reaction is
following [NCERT Pg.96] independent of the concentration of
[NCERT Pg.118]
reactant(s)? [NCERT Pg.105]
(1) By mixing of aq. AgNO3 and aq. NaCl,
(1) The energy difference between activated (1) Fractional order reaction
precipitation of AgCl occurs instantan-
complex and the energy of reactant
eously (2) Second order reaction
molecules
(2) Rusting of iron in presence of air and (3) Zero order reaction
(2) Always equal to energy of product
moisture is very slow process (4) First order reaction
molecules
(3) Hydrolysis of starch proceed with a 8. The overall order of a reaction which has the
(3) Always equal to energy of reactant
moderate speed 3 1
molecules rate expression, rate = k[A] 2 [B] 2 will be
(4) All of these
(4) Summation of threshold energy and [NCERT Pg.102]
2. The rate of reaction 5Br
−
(aq.) + BrO3− (aq.) energy of product molecules
(1) 1 (2) 0
+
+ 6H (aq.) → 3Br2 (aq.) + 3H2O( ) is given 5. The rate of a reaction can be increased by
(3) 2 (4) 1. 5
[NCERT Pg.118]
by [NCERT Pg.99] 9. For nth order reaction, unit of rate constant
(1) Increasing the temperature (k) is given by [NCERT Pg.103]
∆[Br − ] 1 ∆[Br2 ]
(1) − (2)
∆t 3 ∆t (2) Lowering the activation energy (1) (mol L–1)n–1 s–1

(3) Addition of a catalyst (2) (mol L–1)n s–1

∆[BrO3− ] ∆[H2O]
(3) (4) 3
∆t ∆t (4) All of these (3) (mol L–1)–n s–1

3. Molecularity of a reaction can be (4) (mol L–1)1–n s–1

6. Modified Arrhenius equation is
[NCERT Pg.103] 10. For the reaction R → P, the concentration of
[NCERT Pg.117]
reactant changes from 0.2 M to 0.1 M in one
(1) Zero −Ea −Ea minute. The average rate of reaction will be
(1) k = Z AB e RT (2) k = PZ AB e RT
(2) –2 [NCERT Pg.100]
−Ea
(3) 1 −EaT (1) 1.67 × 10–3 Ms–1 (2) 1 × 10–1 Ms–1
Z e RT
(3) k = PZ AB e R (4) k = AB (3) 0.85 × 10–3 Ms–1 (4) 1.25 × 10–2 Ms–1
(4) 0.5 P

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NCERT Maps Chemical Kinetics 79

11. For a first order reaction, how much half lives 14. Select the correct statement(s) regarding 16. For a first order reaction (k = 6.93 s–1) the
are nearly required for 90% completion of catalyst among the following time required to reduce the initial
reaction? [NCERT Pg.106] concentration of the reactant to its 1/16th
[NCERT Pg.116]
value is [NCERT Pg.121]
(1) 2 a. A small amount of catalyst can catalyse
(1) 0.4 s (2) 0.2 s
(2) 6 a large amount of reactants.
(3) 0.1 s (4) 0.8 s
(3) 8 b. A catalyst does not alter Gibbs energy,
∆G of a reaction. 17. The activation energy (in kJ mol–1) of a
(4) 10 chemical reaction whose rate become
c. A catalyst can catalyse both doubles on increasing the temperature from
12. Consider the following statements spontaneous and non-spontaneous 298 K to 308 K will be [NCERT Pg.118]
a. Order of reaction is an experimental reactions.
(1) 46.21 (2) 61.28
quantity. d. A catalyst catalyses the forward reaction
to the more extent than a backward (3) 52.89 (4) 71.89
b. Order of reaction can be zero or fraction.
reaction. 18. The half life (in seconds) for a first order
c. Order is applicable to elementary as well reaction which takes 4 seconds for 30%
as complex reaction. (1) a and c only
completion is [NCERT Pg.121]
d. For complex reaction, molecularity of the (2) a and b only
(1) 6.65 (2) 5.45
slowest step is same as the order of the (3) c and d only
(3) 8.95 (4) 7.77
overall reaction. (4) b and d only
19. For a first order reaction A → products, k is
The correct statement(s) is/are 15. In a reaction between A and B, the initial rate 0.2303 s–1. If the initial concentration of A is
[NCERT Pg.104-105] of reaction (r0) was measured for different 1 M then concentration of A remaining after
initial concentrations of A and B as given 10 s will be [NCERT Pg.121]
(1) a, b and c only
below.
(1) 0.5 M (2) 0.1 M
(2) a and b only
A [M] B [M] R0 [Ms ]
–1
(3) 0.75 M (4) 0.3 M
(3) b and c only
0.2 0.3 5.07 × 10–5 20. Which among the following is not an
(4) a, b, c and d example of first order reaction?
0.2 0.1 5.07 × 10–5
13. For first order reaction, the slope of graph [NCERT Pg.104, 107, 108]
[R 0 ] 0.4 0.05 1.014 × 10–4
between log vs t is [NCERT Pg.107] (1) Decomposition of H2O2 in alkaline
[R] The overall order of the reaction is medium catalyzed by iodide ion.
2.303 k [NCERT Pg.120] (2) Hydrogenation of ethene
(1) (2)
k 2.303 (1) 1.5 (2) Zero (3) Decomposition of N2O5
(3) 2.303 k (4) k (3) 1 (4) 2 (4) Natural radioactive decay
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 80 Chemical Kinetics NCERT Maps

1. Molecularity and order of an _____ reaction 9. In the Arrhenius equation, the factor _____ 15. The Ea (in kJ mol–1) for the decomposition of
are same. [NCERT Pg.118] corresponds to the fraction of molecules that hydrocarbon that follows the equation
2. _____ account the fact that in collision, have kinetic energy greater than Ea. −28000
molecules must be properly oriented. [NCERT Pg.114] k = (4.5 × 1011 s–1) e T(K)
is _____.
[NCERT Pg.117] 10. The slope of plot lnk vs 1/T is _____. [NCERT Pg.121]
3. For a reaction having rate constant [NCERT Pg.114] 16. The rate of reaction at a particular moment
k = 3 × 10–4 s–1, the reaction order will be
_____ [NCERT Pg.103] 11. According to collision theory, the number of of time is given by _____ rate.
collisions per second per unit volume of the
4. Reactions with the molecularity _____ are [NCERT Pg.98]
reaction mixture is known as _____.
very rare and slow to proceed.
[NCERT Pg.117] 17. For first order reaction t 1 is independent of
[NCERT Pg.104] 2
12. The collision in which molecules collide with
5. The decomposition of gaseous ammonia on _____ of reactant. [NCERT Pg.111]
a hot platinum surface is _____ order sufficient kinetic energy and proper
reaction at high pressure. [NCERT Pg.106] orientation so that products are formed 18. Hydrolysis of ethyl acetate in acidic medium
known as _____ collisions.[NCERT Pg.117] is _____ order reaction. [NCERT Pg.112]
6. The half life of a first order reaction having
rate constant 200 s–1 will be _____ seconds. 13. For a first order reaction, the time required 19. The peak of the distribution curve showing
for 99% completion is _____ the time energies among gaseous molecules
[NCERT Pg.111]
required for the completion of 90% of
7. All natural and artificial radioactive decay of corresponds to _____ kinetic energy.
reaction. [NCERT Pg.121]
unstable nuclei take place by _____ order [NCERT Pg.113]
kinetics. [NCERT Pg.107] 14. For a second order reaction w.r.t. reactant,
the rate of reaction is _____ when the 20. The order of a reaction for which t 1 ∝ [R0 ] ,
8. For a chemical reaction with rise in
temperature by 10°, the rate constant is concentration of the reactant is doubled. 2

nearly _____. [NCERT Pg.112] [NCERT Pg.119] is _____. [NCERT Pg.110]

  

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