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Question 1

3
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The universal definition of acute myocardial infarction states that to integrate the diagnosis there must be:

Select one:

a. Symptoms of ischemia plus mobility impairment.

b. Negative ST-segment elevation plus symptoms of ischemia.

c. Elevation of cardiac biomarkers plus ECG and clinical manifestations of ischemia.

d. Perfusion alterations plus nuclear medicine mobility.

Question 2

3
Correct

This is the case fatality rate for acute myocardial infarction in Mexico according to OECD reports.

Select one:

a. 5 per 100 care

b. Same as WHO average

c. 27 per 100 care

d. Similar to that of developed countries

Question 3

3
Correct

The impact of the expression of each cardiovascular risk factor on the development of heart disease.

Select one:

a. Decreases risk

b. Delays risk
 c. Increases risk

d. No impact on risk

Question 4

3
Correct

The following are considered modifiable or traditional cardiovascular risk factors:

Select one:

a. PAI polymorphism and hypofibrinogenemia

b. Obesity and genetic load

c. Age and gender

d. Smoking and diabetes

Question 5

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Male patient, 55 years old, diabetic, hypertensive, walks 1Km twice a week, stopped smoking 6 years ago.
After being fired from his job at 8:00 am and having run a distance of 5 km, he suffered an acute myocardial
infarction and was hospitalized. On admission with BP 180/110mmHg, weight 90Kg BMI 34; in his laboratory
tests he is found with glucose 300mg/dL, total cholesterol 340mg/dL, TG 250 mg/dL, HDL 25mg/dL, LDL
189mg/dL. What are the triggers in this patient?

Select one:

a. Smoking, obesity and hypocholesterolemia

 b. Age, diabetes and hypertension

c. Work stress, circadian cycle and hypertensive dyscontrol

d. High HDL levels, smoking and elevated BMI

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Question 6

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How many traditional or modifiable cardiovascular risk factors do you identify in this patient?

Select one:

a. 3

b. 5

c. 6

d. 4

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Question 7

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Because of the risk factors presented by this patient, the probability of developing ischemic heart disease is
considered to be:

Select one:

a. Moderate

b. Download

c. Very low

d. High

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Question 8

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Which of the following are characteristics of dysfunctional endothelium:

Select one:

a. Increases vasodilation
 b. Increases cell adhesion

c. Homeostatic regulation

d. Expresses antiproliferative molecules

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Question 9

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It is the component of the arterial wall that is mainly affected in the process of atherosclerosis.

Select one:

a. Intima

b. Stroma

c. Adventicia

d. Endothelium

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Question 10

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Foam cells are lipid-laden cells derived from:

Select one:

a. Macrophages

b. Endothelial

c. Smooth muscle cells

d. Lymphocytes

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Question 11

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Which of the following statements is true about vulnerable plaque?

Select one:

a. It is typically associated with severe angiographic stenosis.

b. The vulnerable plaque typically has a thin fibrous cap covering a large lipid cor.
 c. The vulnerable plate ruptures in the central portion of the fibrous cap, where hydrodynamic forces
increase.

d. Its rupture or ulceration when stable causes 10% of deaths due to myocardial infarction.

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Question 12

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Total ischemia time is considered to be the time elapsed:

Select one:

a. From diagnosis until the patient undergoes reperfusion procedure

b. From symptom onset to elevation of necrosis biomarkers

c. From the onset of symptoms until irreversible damage, or reperfusion, occurs

d. From the patient's arrival at the emergency department and angioplasty is performed.

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Question 13

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The therapeutic window refers to:

Select one:

a. Therapeutic framework that can be given to the patient

b. Patient's opportunity to be seen in the emergency department

c. Maximum delay time for reperfusion treatment

d. Possibility of angioplasty of the patient

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Question 14

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The percentage of transmural necrosis that occurs after the artery has been occluded for 3 hours.

Select one:

a. Approximately 65% of

b. About 37% of
 c. Approximately 80% of

d. About 57% of the

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Question 15

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What does the term post-reperfusion damage and/or no-reflow phenomenon refer to?

Select one:

a. Necrosis that occurs after occlusion of the artery.

b. To changes in the myocardium resulting from timely reperfusion.

c. To ischemic cardiac injury resulting from early reperfusion under treatment.

d. To the cardiac lesion produced by re-occlusion of the artery.

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