NSTP
school year 2002-2003
This chapter introduce NSTP in accordance with its
newly revised;
Implementing Rules and Regulation (IRR)
NSTP components:
1. ROTC – Reserve Officers’s Training Corps
2. LTS – Literacy Training Service
3. CWTS
NSTP aims to – inculcate civic consciousness and
defense preparedness in the Filipino youth.
 Helps to develop in them the ethics of service
and patriotism.
 3 components are designed to enhance the
students participation in nation-building.
NSTP LAW
 Republic Act No. 9163
 Also known as An Act Establishing the NSTP
for Tertiary-Level Students,
 Amending for the purpose Republic Act No.
7077 and Presidential Decree No. 1706 and for
other purposes,
 Was signed by former President Gloria
Macapagal Arroyo on JAN 23, 2002
 It is consodilation of House Bill No. 3593 and
Senate Bill No. 1824 passed by the House of
Representative and the Senate on December 19,
2001
NSTP Law
 Made the ROTC optional since the first sem of
 And has allowed students to choose from ROTC,
LTS, CWTS as requisite for graduation.
NSTP components:
1. ROTC – institutionalized under Sections 38 and
39 of Republic Act No. 7077
 Designed to provide military training for
national defense preparedness
 Focused on patriotism, respect for rights of
civilians and adherence to the Constitution
2. LTS – train the students to teach literacy and
numeracy skills to school children, out of school
youth and other segments of society in need of such
service.
3. CWTS - to involve the students actively in
activities contributory to the general welfare and
enhancement of its facilities, especially those
devoted to improving health,
education,environment, entrepreneurship, safety,
recreation, and moral of citizenry.
DND - Department of National Defense
CHED - Commission on Higher Education and
TESDA - Technical Education Skills Development
Authority
- lead in the implementation and monitoring of NSTP
- primary function is to oversee if the program being
conducted in schools is in consonance with the newly
revised IRR dated NOV 12, 2009
Coverage of the NSTP Law
1. All students,both male and female must
complete one NSTP components of their choice for
two semester as a graduation requirement.
2. All higher and technical-vocational institution
must offer atleast one NSTP component.
3. State univ and colleges(SUCs) must offer ROTC
and at least one NSTP components, namely CWTS
or LTS.
4. The Philippine Military Academy (PMA),
Philippine Merchant Marine Academy (PMMA)
Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) are not
covered by the NSTP law.
5. Private higher educational institutional (HEIs)
and technical-vocatinal educational institutions
with atleast 350 student cadets may offer ROTC.
NSTP-CWTS Vision
- Please read on the book
NSTP CWTS - Mission
 Please read on the book
NSTP-CWTS Core Values
1. Love of God
2. Human Dignity
3. Discipline, truth, goodness and social
responsibility
4. Awareness, innovation and creativity
5. Respect, Synergy and Professionalism
6. Excellence and Indigenous learning
7. Protection and conservation of the environmnet
8. Quality service Delivery
NSTP-CWTS Minimum Standards
- Please read on the book
CHAPTER 2
The Nature of the Human Person
Estanol (2007)
- defines the human person as having physical,
spiritual, emotional, and intellectuat attributes.
St. Thomas Aquinas
- human person as having a physical and spiritual
substance because he has a soul and is created by
Superior Being with divine purpose.
Dictionaries
- human person as a “self-conscious animal
Characterics of Human Person
”-Babor- (2007) in his book.
- “The Human Person: Not Real, But Existing”
- discusses the several characteristics of a human
person, namely.
1. A human person is a rational being - free to
think and has the capacity to reason and
distinguish between right and wrong,
2. Born free - has freedom to do or not to do things
but they are the responsible for his or her action.
3. Unique - he she possesses an identity that
makes him/ unlike any other person.
4. Every person intrinsically a social being and
cannot detach himself from other creatures, objects.
5. All living things are sexual in nature, but the
unique of expression of a person’s sexuality make him
or her different.
 The expression of a person’s emotions,
attitudes, feelings, actions and thoughts in
sexual activity best exemplifies his or her
unique from animals.
Biblical Views
 Human person has superiority and dignity
inherited from Supreme being.
 Book of Genesis Chapter 1, verses 26-27, God
created man and woman in His own image and
likeness and made theme masters of the fish of the
sea, the birds, the heaven, the wild beast and alll
the reptiles that can crawl upon its earth.
 Supreme being entrusted to the person the care
of creatures.
 Agbuya 1997, states that “ He or She is
designated by God to exercise dominion over other
creatures in his or her everyday use of freedom,
search for happpines, and openness to the world
around him.
Philosophical Views
 According to Protagoras, a human person is the
measure of all things that exist and of all things
that do not exist.
 Plato, claimed that the perfect human being
does not exist in this world because what is in this
world is just an imperfect copy of humanity’s
original self in the realm of ideas.
 Parmenides, posited that a person has
knowledge of something that exist, for a person who
does not exist is nothing.
A human person like other animals has external and
internal organs.
A human become evident when he or she starts to
share his or her thoughts with others.
Maguigad (2006) in his book “ Philosophy of Human
Being” explain the different philosophical views of the
human person.
1. Conservatism – conservative view is not entirely
positive and definitely nonegalitarian .
 All human person may not be of equal
value to society; some men are intended to
rule, the rest is to obey.
 This in line with Confucian ethical ideas
which states that the superior man must
rule and the commoner must bow before his
authority.
 2. Liberalism – has a more egalitarian view of
human nature.
 It believes that all men are capable of
reason and rational action, and have the
capacity to live with satisfaction.
 Reason raises them above the level of
beast and enables them to know the
principles of suitable living.
 According to Mencius, “Every human
being can become a sage king, that is, anyone
can gain the wisdom to rule.
3. Socialism – human being readily engages in
cooperative social activities.
 Marx believes that the man is driven
primarily by a desire for economic gains.
 In his “Das Kapital” he consider the
human person as a social animals if he/she
fails to relate actively with others and
nature, loses himself and becomes alienated,
drives lose human qualities.
4. Fascism – holds that what matters most is the
country himself .
 Human can prosper only when the nation
prospers.
 His/her fate is merely secondary when it comes
to the country.
 Like the conservatives, fascist contend that
some human beings are internally and racially
better than others.
Classical Greek Views
 Human person as “a rational animal”
 He/she is a material body and spiritual soul
being.
 As a vegetative creature, the human person
needs to have food to grow, develop and reproduce
 As a sentient being, he/she needs sensory
perception to gain knowledge.
 As rational animal, he/she needs the power of
thought, reason and cognition.
 The human person is given free will to choose ,
decide, or shape his/her life, he/she is always
responsible in his actions.
 A human person is capable in knowing, loving
and believing which leads him/her to be fully aware
of his/her humanity.
Sociological Views
 A perspective is a particular way of looking at
and seeing something.
 Salcedo 2004, states that people look at this
social world or at the various ways that human
beings behave in a social way.
 When we talk about society, we are referring to
the behavior of human beings.
 Sociologist not necessarily see the social world
from exactly the same perspective, neither do they
always agree about what they see, how behavior
could or should be understood.
San Juan 2007, proposes some common ideas about
the human persons:
 1. Human person are social animals – we need to
coopearte with others in some way to create the
social world in which to live.
2. The human person’s social behavior is learned,
not instinctive. - we have to learn from the
moment we born.
3. To understand the human person person’s social
behavior, we have to focus our attention on the
groups to which people belong.
4. Sociology discipline that looks into the totality of
relationship in an individuals' life.
 Sociologist do not restrict their studies to
a single dimension of an individual’s life,
although each of these areas is significant
and interesting in varying degrees.
> Sociologist do not reject the contribution of other
social sciences.
> Sociology as an academic discipline itself, human
beings are not one dimensional but rather multi-
dimensional.
Hierarchy of Needs – the guiding principle in realizing
a person competence and ability is that exploration of
his/her personality in the field of humanistic
psychology,
 Which theorizes that a person’s behavior and
his/her relationship with others are shaped by
his/her inner feelings and self-image.
Maslow presented the levels of a hierarchy of needs in
his theory of personality:
1. Physiological needs – include the biological and
basic needs such as water, food, shelter, warmth
and clothing. They are essential for survival.
2. Safety needs – include security and protection
from physical and emotional harm.
3. Social needs – affection, a sense of belongings
and friendship, which seek people to overcome
feelings of loneliness and alienation.
4. Self-esteem – achievements, mastery, and
confidence derived from recognition, respect and
attention. When this are satisfied the person feels
confident and valuable. However, when they are
not met, the person feels inferior, week, helpless
and worthless.
5. Self-Actualization – a person has reached the
peak of his/her potential.
Maslow’s theory points out that a person needs to
satisfy first the lower needs before realizing his/her
self worth and potential.
 He also maintains that self-actualization is the
driving force of human personality.
According to Roger’s person-centered therapy theory, every
person has within him/her an inherent desire for a positive
transformation.
 CHAPTER 3
Preamble
- Is an introductory and preliminary statement in a
document that explains the document’s purpose and
underlying Philosoph.
Preamble to the Constitution of the Philippines
- Dictates that the Philippines and the Filipino people are
the sovereign masters of the Philippine Islands.
Philosophy Values
- It is necessary in understanding the Filipino values such
as family closeness and solidarity.
Values
- Are both subjective and objective
- They involved a subject or person who values and an
object to be realized.
Filipino Values
1. Greek ideal of moderation or meden agan, The
Roman in medio stat virtus, and the Confucian
and Buddhist doctrine of the middle way or
path, find their Filipino value in “walang labis”,
“walang kulang”
2. All people eat, talk and sing but they eat a
variety of food, speak several of languages, and
sing different songs. The difference lies in the
way these elements are ranked, combined, or
emphasized.
- China, honesty and hardwork may rank highest.
- Chinese and Japanese culture greatly value politeness
and beauty.
- American culture highlights promptness and efficiency.
- Filipino culture emphasizes spirituality and family
centeredness.
3. Human values in the Filipino context take on
distinctive set of Filipino meanings and
motivations.
- Fr. Horacio de la Costa – Calls the Filipino
“Nationalistic”
Filipino value is not a discrete item which exist alone,
in isolation.
- Filipino values like bahala na, utan na loob, pakikisama
and pakiusap are clastered around core values like
social acceptance, economic, security and social
mobility.
4. Values in the sense of historical consciousness
had evolved among the Filipino people leading
to the concept of justice evolving from
inequality to equality and to human dignity.

From Historical Perspective:
- The question ask about Filipino values is “Ganito kami
noon: paano kayo ngayon?”
- We need both external structural and internal culture
change.
Good Citizenship Values
1. Love for God or Pagkamaka-Dyos
- Philippine is the only Christian Nation in Asia.
- Religious is a prime Filipino value.
2. Love for Fellowmen or Pagkamaka-Tao
- St. PAUL define loves in a different way:
 Love is Patient
 Love is never fails
 Love is eternal
- It is the strongest force within the human community.
3. Love for Country or Pagkamaka- Bayan
4. Love for Environment
- Human interventions are important to derive the full
benefits from natural resources but such intervention
have at times gone beyond the limit.
Roots of the Filipino Character
Some highlights from “A Moral Recovery Program:
Building a People- Building a Nation” by Patricia
Licuanan (1988)
1. The Family and Home
Environment
- Child bearing practices, family relations and family
attitudes and orientation are the main components of
this.
2. The Social Environment
- Main components are social structures and social
system such as interpersonal, religious and community
interaction.
- Social environment of the Filipino characterized by a
FEUDAL STRUCTURE with great gaps between the
rich minority and the poor majority.
- This feudal develops dependence and passivity.
- Sensitivity about hurting established relationships
controls our behaviour.
3. Culture and Language
- Cultural values such as warmth and person orientation ,
devotion to family and sense of joy and humor.
- Filipno culture are also characterized by openness to the
outside world which easily incorporates foreign
elements without a basic consciousness of our cultural
core.
- Introduction of English as the medium od education de-
Filipinized the youth and taught them to regard
American culture as superior.
- Contribute also to a lack of self-confidenceon the part
of the Filipino.
 5. History
- We are the product of colonial history, regarded by
many as the culprit behind our lack of nationalism and
our colonial mentality
- Colonialism developed a mindset in the Filipino which
encourage us to think of the colonial power as superior
and more powerful.
6. The Educational System
- The lack of suitable local textbooks and dependence on
foreign textbooks, particularly in the higher school
levels.
- Aside from influences of the formal curriculum, there
are the influences of the “hidden curriculum”
7. Religion
- Root of the Filipino optimism and capacity to accept
life’s hardship.
8. The Economic Environment
- Many local traits are rooted in the poverty and hard life
that is the lot of most Filipinos.
- Our difficulties drive us to take a risk, impel us to work
very hard. Poverty has also become an excuse for graft
and corruption.
9. The Political Environment
- Characterized by a centralization of power.
- Political power is concentrated in the hands of the elite
and the participation of most Filipinos often limited to
voting in election.
10. Mass Media
- Reinforce colonial mentality
- The tendency of media to produce escapist movie, soap
operas, comics etc feed the Filipinos’ passivity. Rather
than confront our poverty and o[[[ression, we fantasize
instead.
- The propensity to use flashy sets, designer, clothes,
superstar and other bongga features reinforce Porma.
11. Leadership and Role Model
- Filipinos look up to their leaders as role models.
- Political leaders are the main models, but all other
leaders serve as role model as well.
Nationalism and Patriotism
Nationalism
- Is generally used to describe to things.
- First, is the attitude of the members towards member of
nation which includes the concepts of national identity,
origin, ethnicity and cultural ties.
- Second, Is the action that the members of a nation take
when seeking to achieve or stustain full statehood .
Patriotism
- Is love of and devotion to one’s county.
 - Comes from the Greek word “Patris” meaning
“fatherland”
- Nationalism is not necessarily considered an inherent
part of patriotism.
Development of Nationalism and Priotism in the
Philippines
- Nationalism characterized by the attachment of
superiority to one’s country, maintaining a
highly regard and respect for its laws, principles
and society.
- A country is an artificial body op people that
need protection and identity.
- It became the main ideology of the first Asian
nationalist uprising, the Philippine Revolution
of 1896. Spain already ruled the Philppines for
about 333 years before the Philippine
nationalism was developed.
CHAPTER 4
Human Behavior
- According to businessdictionary.com, human
behaviour is the “capacity o mental, emotional and
social activities experienced during the five stages of
human being’s life.
- According to Encyclopedia Britannica (2012) states
that the human being have a typical life course
MOTIVATION
- Encompasses the internal and external factors thae
stimulate desire and energy in people to be continually
interested committed to a job, role or subject.
- It is a result of interaction among conscious and
unconscious factors such as
a. Intensity of desire or need
b. Incentive or reward value of the goal
c. Expectation of the individual and his significant
others.
- According to Swindell (2012), motivation means the
drive and ambition needed to achieve our goals.
Good Leadership
- Leadership pertains to the qualities exemplified by a
leader.
- It also refers to acts of leading or the “Process of social
influence in which one person can enlist the aid and
support of others in the accomplishment of a common
task.
Characteristics of a Good Leader
1. Vision – Good leaders know where they want to
go and they can motivate people to believe in
their country, community and family.
2. Wit – can make sound judgments and decision
even during crucial situations.
3. Passion – Good leaders are very passionate and
intensely obsessed in whatever they are focused.
4. Compassion – show compassion for their
supporters and followers. They are not selfish
who think only about their own wants and
needs. They have a heart for others.
5. Charisma – Good leaders are captivating,
charming individuals who tend to draw people
toward them. They excel in building
relationships and eliciting performance from
their groups.
6. Communication Skills – usually a great orators
and persuaders. They can express their ideas
clearly and convincingly.
7. Persistence – they are determined to attain their
goals in spite of the obstacles and problems
8. Integrity – they mean what they say. They walk
the talk, practice what they speak and keep their
promises. They are reliable.
9. Daring – willing to take a risk and determined to
chase their dreams amid the reality of fear and
uncertainty.
10. Discipline – they observe self-control and order.
Where most people are easy distracted or
dejected, good leaders manage to stay focused
and steady regardless of the situation.
Maxwell (1999)
- The leaders should recognize, develops and refine
certain personal characteristics needed to be a truly
effective, the kind of leader people will want to follow.
Some trait of the leaders:
1. Character – is the quality of a person’s behaviour as
revealed by his/her habits, thoughts and expressions,
attitudes and interest, actions and personal philosophies in
life.
2. Charisma – is a special spiritual gift bestowed temporarily
by the holy spirit in a group for the general good. It is an
extraordinary power in a person which takes hold of
popular imagination and wins popular support.
3. Commitment – engages one to do something as
continuing obligation.
4. Communication – is a two way process of reaching
mutual understanding in which a participants do not only
exchange information but also create and share meaning.
5. Competence – Indicates a sufficiency of knowledge and
skills that enable someone to act in a wide variety of
situations. It is the capacity of a person to understand a
situation and to respond to it accordingly.
6. Courage – is the quality of the mind that enables a person
to face difficulty and danger without fear.

Transformational Leadership ****
Bass (1990) explains that transformational is a form of
leadership that occurs when leaders broaden and elevate the
interest of their employees, when they generate awareness and
acceptance of the purpose and mission of the group and when
they stimulate their employees to look beyond their own self-
interest for the good of the group.
Transactional and Transformational Leadership
Seven Habits of Highly Effective People
Transactional Leadership
- Based on power that makes use of rewards and coercion
to deliver benefits to members (patronage), or to force
or instill fear as illustrated by colonization, vote buying
and similar methods.
Transformational Leadership
- Or real leadership starts from recognition of what the
members need and the steps toward achieving these
needs and relating rewards to effort.
Behaviors of a Transformational Leader
(On the book)
Four Components of transformational Leadership ****
a. Charisma – it influenced envisioning and building
confidence, and he/she sets high standards to be followed.
b. Inspirational Motivation – provides followers with
challenges and meanings/reasons for engaging on shared
goals and undertakings.
c. Intellectual Stimulation – moves followers to question
assumptions and generate more creative solution to a
problem.
d. Individualized Consideration – leaders treat each
followers as an individual and provides coaching,
mentoring and growth opportunities.
1. Be proactive – being able to take responsibility for
your life. You have the freedom to choose your
behaviour and response to stimuli.
2. Begin with the end mind – Know where you want to
go. Envision your goal and make it happen.
3. Put first thing first – Practice self-management.
Know your priorities.
4. Think win-win – Look at life as cooperative arena, not
a competitive one. Enter arguments or make solutions
that are mutually beneficial and satisfying to both
parties.
5. Seek first to understand, then to be understood. –
The best way to understand is to listen. It is about
putting yourself in someone else’s shoes. By listening
to a person’s explanation, only then can you evaluate
probe, give advice and interpret his/her feelings.
 6. Synergize – synergize is the habit of creative
cooperation. Better results can be produced as a group
than as individuals.
7. Sharpen the Saw – Effective leaders should know
how to use humor to energize his followers. Humor is a
form of power that provides some control over the
work environment even as it fosters camaraderie.
Time Management ****
- Is the art of arranging, organizing, scheduling and
budgeting one’s time for the purpose of generating
more effective work and productivity.
Decision Making
- Is a process that involves selecting the most logical
choice from among two or more options.
Consider the following in decision-making:
- Identification of alternative solutions.
- Evaluation of possible options to determine which one
meets the decision objectives.
- Selection of best options after an in-dept. evaluation.
CHAPTER 5
Fundamentals of Group Dynamics
Group Dynamics
- The social process by which people interact in a small
group and in a face-to-face manner is called group
dynamics.
- Dynamics comes from the Greek word “dunamis”
which means “force”. Group dynamics then refers to
the study of the forces operating within a group.
Types of Groups
 Primary Group – characterized by intimate face to
face association and cooperation among its
members. Its fundamentally forms the social nature
and ideals of an individual. It involves sympathy
and mutual identification which is a form of natural
expression.
 Secondary Group – consist of members who are
aware and cognizant of personal relationships, but
they do not feel that their lives are bound with one
another except in time of social crisis.
- The members may be separated from one another by
distance or by lack of personal physical contact. They
can share interest through correspondence, press, radio,
telephone or other means.
Kinds of Formal Groups

- Formal groups are divided into following:

 Command group are specified by the organization

chart and often composed of a leader and the
members who directly report to him/her.
Ex: an academic department consisting of a chair
and faculty members.

 Task group consist of people who work together to

achieve a common task. Members are brought
together to accomplish a narrow range of goals
within a specified time.
Ex: Ad hoc committees, project groups, standing
committees.

 Functional Group are created by an organization to

accomplish specific goals within an unspecified
time frame. They continue to functions even after
their goals have been achieved.
Ex: A sales and marketing management.