Adoption of new technology

Chapter 2 Changes in social outlook

Utilization of women's talents

Introduction Self-reliance

15 August 1947 Use of own resources

Reduction of dependence on imports

Freedom from British rule
Sovereignty protection
Leaders' decisions
Equity
Economic system
Ensure benefits reach the poor
Welfare of all
Basic needs met (food, housing, education, health care)
Types of economic systems
Reduce wealth inequality
Socialism (Nehru's preference)
Implementation in India
Not like the Soviet Union
First seven five-year plans (1950-1990)
Private property
Agriculture, industry, and trade policies
Democracy
Post-1991 policies (Chapter 3)
Economic system in India
This mind map summarizes the key goals of the five-year plans, emphasizing their significance in
Socialist society India's economic development.
Public sector
Creating a mind map for the Agriculture section:
Private property

Democracy Agriculture in Independent India

Key Milestones Challenges from Colonial Rule

1948: Industrial Policy Resolution No growth

1950: Planning Commission established Lack of equity

This mind map summarizes the key points from the introduction passage, highlighting the historical Land Reforms
context and the vision for India's economic system after gaining independence.
Abolishing intermediaries

Creating a mind map for the goals of the five-year plans: Making tillers owners of land
Land ceiling to reduce concentration
Goals of Five-Year Plans
Successes and challenges
Growth
The Green Revolution
Increase in capacity to produce goods and services
Use of High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds
Larger stock of capital
Increase in production and productivity
Increased efficiency
Impact on small and big farmers
Measured by GDP
Government's role in ensuring benefits
Modernisation Risk of pest attacks
 Subsidy Debate Trade Policy: Import Substitution

Subsidies to encourage technology adoption Inward Looking Trade Strategy

Arguments for and against subsidies Import substitution
Balancing the needs of poor farmers Protection from Imports
Employment in Agriculture Tariffs (tax on imports)
Large percentage still engaged in farming Quotas (limits on imported goods)
Gap between agriculture and other sectors Goals of Import Substitution
Policy challenges
Protect domestic industries
This mind map provides an overview of the key points and challenges related to agriculture in Avoid foreign exchange expenditure
independent India, including land reforms, the Green Revolution, the debate over subsidies, and
Impact of Policies on Industrial Development
employment in agriculture.
Industrial sector's growth and diversification
Creating a mind map for the Industry and Trade section:
Role of the public sector

Industry and Trade in Independent India Small-scale industries

Importance of Industry Criticism of public sector performance

Misuse of licenses
Stable employment
Negative effects of protection from foreign competition
Modernization and prosperity
The need for a new economic policy in 1991
Role of Government and Private Sector
This mind map summarizes the key points related to the trade policy of import substitution, its impact on
Government's extensive role in promoting industries
industrial development, and the need for a change in economic policy in 1991.
Public sector leading the way
Here's a mind map summarizing the key points in the "Conclusion" section:
Industrial Policy Resolution 1956 (IPR 1956)

Classification of industries into three categories Conclusion

Control of commanding heights of the economy Achievements During First Seven Plans
Licensing system for new and expanding industries
Diversification of industries
Promotion of industry in backward regions
Self-sufficiency in food (Green Revolution)
Small-Scale Industry Land reforms (abolition of zamindari system)
Role in rural development Concerns and Dissatisfaction
Labor-intensive nature
Performance of many public sector enterprises
Need for protection and support
Excessive government regulation hindering entrepreneurship
Concessions for small-scale industries
Lack of incentives for improving product quality
This mind map outlines the key points related to industry and trade in independent India, focusing on
Inward-Oriented Policies
the role of the government, the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956, and the promotion of small-scale
industries. Protection from foreign competition
Weak development of the export sector
Creating a mind map for the Trade Policy and Industrial Development section:
 Need for Economic Reform

Changing global economic scenario

Initiation of the new economic policy in 1991 for greater efficiency

This mind map highlights the main points of the conclusion, discussing the achievements and
challenges during the first seven plans and the need for economic reforms in India.