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Nasi Goreng - Wikipedia
Nasi Goreng - Wikipedia
Nasi goreng
Nasi goreng (/ˌnɑːsi ɡɒˈrɛŋ/; Indonesian pronunciation: [ˈnasi
ˈɡorɛŋ]) is a Southeast Asian fried rice dish, usually cooked Nasi goreng
with pieces of meat and vegetables. One of Indonesia's
national dishes,[1][2] it is also eaten in Malay-speaking
communities in countries such as Malaysia, Singapore and
Brunei, and has gained popularity in Sri Lanka through
migrations from the Malay Archipelago,[3] in countries like
Suriname via Indonesian immigrant communities,[4] and in
the Netherlands through its colonial ties with Indonesia.[5]
Nasi goreng is distinguished from other Asian fried rice
preparations by its distinct smoky aroma, and caramelised yet
savoury undertones of flavour. There is no single defined
recipe for nasi goreng, and its composition and preparation
varies greatly from household to household.
Writer Fadly Rahman from Padjajaran University claimed that there is no historical evidence that
proves that nasi goreng is native to Indonesia, and suggested another theory besides Chinese
influence: that nasi goreng was actually inspired by a Middle Eastern dish called pilaf, which is rice
cooked in seasoned broth.[20] A particular variant, Betawi-style nasi goreng kambing (goat fried rice),
uses mutton or goat meat (traditionally favoured by Arab Indonesians), rich spices and minyak samin
(ghee), all typical ingredients used in the preparation of Middle-eastern pilaf.[21]
Nasi goreng was considered as part of the Indies culture during the
colonial period. The mention of nasi goreng appears in colonial literature
of Dutch East Indies, such as in the Student Hidjo by Marco
Kartodikoromo, a serial story published in Sinar Hindia newspaper in
1918.[13] It was mentioned in a 1925 Dutch cookbook Groot Nieuw
Volledig Oost Indisch Kookboek.[22] Trade between the Netherlands and
the Dutch East Indies during that time has increased the popularity of
Indonesian-style nasi goreng to the world.[23]
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In 2018, nasi goreng was officially recognized by the Indonesian government as one of the country's
national dishes along with four others: soto, sate, rendang, and gado-gado.[1]
Preparation
Nasi goreng is distinguished from other Asian fried rice recipes by
its aromatic, earthy and smoky flavour.[26] Nasi goreng is
traditionally served at home for breakfast and it is traditionally
made out of leftover rice from the night before. The texture of
leftover cooked rice is considered more suitable for nasi goreng
than that of freshly cooked rice which may be too moist and soft to
withstand frying in a wok.
Typical seasonings for nasi goreng include but are not limited to
salt, chilli pepper, spring onions, turmeric, palm sugar, bumbu
paste made from ground garlic and onion or shallot, kecap manis
(sweet soy sauce), shrimp paste, black pepper, fish sauce,
powdered broth and so on. Eggs may be scrambled into the rice
during the cooking process, or served as accompaniments in the
form of sunny side up eggs, omelettes, and boiled eggs. Scraps of
leftovers from a prepared dish, perhaps chicken or beef pieces,
may also be used.[28] Spice and seasonings for Javanese
nasi goreng, including pepper,
sugar, salt, bird's eye chili, shallot,
Condiments garlic, candlenut, shrimp paste, and
sweet soy sauce
Nasi goreng often adds condiments or garnishes as add-ons. Fried
shallot and traditional crackers are often sprinkled upon to give
crispy texture, slices of cucumber and tomato for garnishing and to give freshness in an otherwise oily
dish, a fried egg is often placed on top of the dish to add savouriness, while chili paste is to add the
zesty spiciness according to one's preference. Some common condiments are:
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Variations
There is no single defined recipe for nasi goreng, as every fried rice dish with certain mixtures,
additions, ingredients, and toppings could lead to another recipe of nasi goreng.[29] There is an
innumerable variety of fried rice recipes described as nasi goreng in the nations of Brunei, Indonesia,
Malaysia, and Singapore. While many versions are perceived as regionally specific, some recipes share
common elements that transcends regional and national boundaries: examples include the use of the
term kampung ("village" in Indonesian and Malay), shrimp paste (terasi in Indonesian, belacan in
Malay), chilli-based sambal relishes, salted fish, and the technique of wrapping fried rice in an
omelette.
Indonesia
The basic ingredients of nasi goreng are rice and sliced or ground bumbu (spices) mixture of shallot,
garlic, pepper, salt, tomato ketchup, sambal or chili sauce, and usually sweet soy sauce. Some variants
may add saus tiram (oyster sauce), ang-ciu (Chinese cooking red wine), kecap ikan (fish sauce), or
kecap inggris (like Worcestershire sauce). Typically in Indonesian households, the ingredients of nasi
goreng prepared for daily breakfast consist of leftovers of the previous day's meals preserved in the
refrigerator, with fresh vegetables and eggs added.
Many variants are named after their main ingredients, others after their city or region of origin.
Specific examples of nasi goreng include:
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2. Nasi goreng kambing (with goat meat),[33] particularly renowned in the Kebon Sirih area in Central
Jakarta.[34]
3. Nasi goreng domba (with mutton)[35]
4. Nasi goreng sapi (with beef)[36]
5. Nasi goreng babi (with pork, usually served with Chinese pork belly and charsiu)[37]
6. Nasi goreng babat gongso (with tripe), a tripe fried rice from Semarang[38]
7. Nasi goreng dendeng lemak (with fatty dendeng thin beef jerky) also known as nasi goreng
tiarbah[39]
8. Nasi goreng usus (with intestine)[40]
9. Nasi goreng ati ampela (with chicken liver and gizzard)[41]
10. Nasi goreng pete/petai (with green stinky bean)[42]
11. Nasi goreng jengkol (with jengkol stinky pea)[43]
12. Nasi goreng kacang polong (with green peas)[44]
13. Nasi goreng telur (with egg)[45]
14. Nasi goreng telur asin (with salted duck egg)[46]
15. Nasi goreng terasi (with terasi shrimp paste)[44]
16. Nasi goreng petis (with petis udang), a type of thick black shrimp paste with molasses like
consistency[47]
17. Nasi goreng petir (lit: "thunderbolt fried rice"), an extra hot and spicy fried rice[48]
18. Nasi goreng udang (with shrimp)[49]
19. Nasi goreng cakalang (with skipjack tuna), speciality of Manado[50]
20. Nasi goreng roa (with halfbeak fish), also speciality of Manado[51]
21. Nasi goreng tuna (with tuna)[52]
22. Nasi goreng cumi (with squid)[53]
23. Nasi goreng seafood (with seafood, such as squid, fish and shrimp)[33]
24. Nasi goreng ikan asin (with salted fish)[33]
25. Nasi goreng teri Medan (with Medan's anchovy)[54]
26. Nasi goreng kerang (with cockle)[55]
27. Nasi goreng ebi (with salted dried shrimp)[56]
28. Nasi goreng jamur (with mushroom)[57]
29. Nasi goreng sosis (with beef or chicken sausages)[58]
30. Nasi goreng kornet (with corned beef and margarine)[59]
31. Nasi goreng daging asap (with smoked beef)[60]
32. Nasi goreng siram (fried rice poured with chicken and vegetables soup/sauce)
33. Nasi goreng tomat (tomato fried rice)[61]
34. Nasi goreng bayam (spinach fried rice)[62]
35. Nasi goreng lada hitam (black pepper fried rice)[63]
36. Nasi goreng saus tiram (oyster sauce fried rice)[64]
37. Nasi goreng saus teriyaki (teriyaki sauce fried rice) usually beef or chicken fried rice in teriyaki
sauce, a Japanese influence in Indonesia[65]
38. Nasi goreng buah merah, Papuan fried rice with extract of buah merah (Pandanus conoideus)[66]
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39. Nasi goreng kencur or nasi goreng cikur in sundanese, fried rice made of rice cooked with spices
made of chili, garlic, onion and kencur (aromatic ginger)[67]
40. Nasi goreng keju (with cheese, either mozzarella or cheddar)[68]
41. Nasi goreng rendang (rendang fried rice), rich and spicy fried rice usually made from leftover
rendang spices[69]
42. Nasi goreng spesial (special fried rice) with complete ingredients, including chicken, egg mixed in
rice, sausages, vegetables, and topped with sunny side up fried egg[33]
43. Nasi goreng Jawa (Javanese fried rice)[70]
44. Nasi goreng Sunda (Sundanese fried rice), spicy fried rice with ample of kunyit (turmeric) which
add golden yellow colour[33]
45. Nasi goreng Bali (Balinese fried rice), rich in spices including chopped lemongrass, turmeric,
shallot, garlic and galangal, and uses no soy sauce.[71]
46. Nasi goreng Aceh (Acehnese fried rice), rich in spices akin to mie aceh[72]
47. Nasi goreng Padang (Padang fried rice), also rich in spices similar to Aceh fried rice[73]
48. Nasi goreng Surabaya (Surabaya fried rice) contains chicken, shrimp, bakso, egg and
vegetables[74]
49. Nasi goreng Magelangan (Magelang fried rice) or also called as nasi goreng mawut or nasi
goreng ruwet (scrambled or mixed up fried rice),[33] a combo of fried rice and noodle with
vegetables and spices[75][76]
50. Nasi goreng krengsengan (with meat and fresh cabbage), spicy fried rice with chopped noodles
and meat, similar to nasi goreng Magelangan[77]
51. Nasi goreng rempah, spicy fried rice with ample of bumbu spice mixture[78]
52. Nasi goreng petis (with petis), a thick black paste made of shrimp paste or fish paste, specialty of
East Java[79]
53. Nasi goreng sambal terasi (Sambal shrimp paste fried rice), or simply nasi goreng terasi (terasi
shrimp paste fried rice)[80]
54. Nasi goreng sambal ijo/hijau (green sambal fried rice),[81] often simply called nasi goreng hijau
(green fried rice)[82]
55. Nasi goreng pedas, hot and spicy fried rice with chili peppers[83]
56. Nasi goreng rawit, extra hot and spicy fried rice with cabe rawit or bird's eye chili[84]
57. Nasi goreng jancuk, extra hot and spicy fried rice from Surabaya[33]
58. Nasi goreng setan (devil's fried rice), extra hot and spicy fried rice with various types of chili
peppers, including sambal paste, sliced fresh bird's-eye chili and chili powder[85][86]
59. Nasi goreng merah or nasi goreng Makassar (red fried rice)[87]
60. Nasi goreng hitam (black fried rice), or nasi goreng cumi hitam, coloured and flavoured with squid
ink[88]
61. Nasi goreng pelangi (rainbow fried rice), without soy sauce with colourful vegetables[89]
62. Nasi goreng amplop (egg-enveloped fried rice), known as nasi goreng pattaya in Malaysia.[90]
63. Nasi goreng santri (vegetarian fried rice)[91]
64. Nasi goreng nanas (pineapple fried rice), also known as nasi goreng Hawaii or nasi goreng
Thailand[92]
65. Nasi goreng gila (crazy fried rice), fried rice topped with more savoury additional ingredients
including chicken, meat, shrimp, sliced bakso, sausages, egg, etc.[93]
66. Nasi goreng kuah susu, fried rice added with condensed milk soup and grated cheese.[94]
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67. Nasi goreng kuah tongseng. fried rice added with tongseng soup.[95]
Indonesians also called foreign versions of fried rice simply as nasi goreng, thus nasi goreng
Hongkong and nasi goreng Tionghoa/China refer to Chinese fried rice, while nasi goreng Jepang
refer to yakimeshi or chahan.[96]
Malaysia
1. Nasi goreng ayam (fried rice usually served with crispy fried
A cook making nasi goreng in a
chicken with sweet chilli sauce)
food market in Kota Kinabalu,
2. Nasi goreng belacan (fried with leftover sambal belacan and Sabah.
fish or other meats)
3. Nasi goreng blackpepper (fried rice with chicken or beef in
blackpepper sauce)
4. Nasi goreng cendawan (fried rice cooked with mushrooms)
5. Nasi goreng cili api/masak pedas (spicy fried rice served with chicken/beef)
6. Nasi goreng dabai (a Sarawak speciality which the rice is fried with a seasonal native fruit called
'buah dabai').
7. Nasi goreng daging/kambing (fried rice with beef or mutton)
8. Nasi goreng ikan masin (fried with salted fish)
9. Nasi goreng kampung (fried with anchovies/leftover fried fish, kangkong)
10. Nasi goreng kerabu (fried rice with local salads)
11. Nasi goreng kunyit (fried rice served with turmeric and meat with onions, long beans and carrots)
12. Nasi goreng kari (fried rice cooked with curry)
13. Nasi goreng ladna (fried rice cooked with seafood and vegetables in white gravy)
14. Nasi goreng masak merah (fried rice with chicken or beef in chilli gravy)
15. Nasi goreng mamak (Indian Muslim style nasi goreng)
16. Nasi goreng nenas (fried rice cooked with pineapples)
17. Nasi goreng paprik (fried rice served with paprik dish, usually chicken)
18. Nasi goreng pattaya (fried rice in an omelette envelope which is topped with chili sauce or tomato
sauce, sometimes includes chicken)[98]
19. Nasi goreng petai (fried rice cooked with parkia speciosa)
20. Nasi goreng seafood (fried with prawn, calamari slices and crab sticks)
21. Nasi goreng sotong (fried rice cooked with calamary)
22. Nasi goreng telur (fried rice served with fried eggs)
23. Nasi goreng tomyam (fried rice cooked in tomyum paste)
24. Nasi goreng udang (fried rice cooked with prawn)
25. Nasi goreng USA (fried rice with three luxury ingredients namely prawn (udang), squid (sotong)
and chicken (ayam))
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26. Nasi goreng Amerika (with fried egg and stirred fried beef in chili sauce)
Singapore
Singapore has an ethnic Chinese majority that has influenced local cuisine. Chinese fried rice recipes,
such as Yeung Chow fried rice also popular throughout in Singapore.
Brunei
Nasi goreng is a common rice dish in Brunei. Nasi goreng ikan masin or fried rice with salted fish is
the most popular version.[101]
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8. Nasi goreng seafood (fried with mixed of squid, crab and shrimp)
Sri Lanka
Netherlands
Sri Lankan nasi goreng served with
In the Netherlands, Indonesian cuisine is common due to the a fried egg
historical colonial ties with Indonesia. Indo-Dutch and
Indonesians cater Indonesian food both in restaurants and as
take-away. Also, take-away versions of nasi goreng are plentiful in
toko Asian grocery shop and supermarkets.[5] Supermarkets also
commonly carry several brands of spice mix for nasi goreng, along
with krupuk and other Indonesian cooking supplies. Chinese take-
aways and restaurants have also adapted nasi goreng, plus a
selection of other Indonesian dishes, but spice them Cantonese
style. In Flanders, the name nasi goreng is often used for any
Asian style of fried rice. Distinctive version of nasi goreng has
been developed, such as Javanese-Suriname version of the dish.[4] Javanese-Surinamese nasi goreng
In the Netherlands, nasi goreng has been developed into a snack in the Netherlands.
called nasischijf (Dutch for "nasi disk"), it is a Dutch deep-fried
fast food, consisting of nasi goreng inside a crust of breadcrumbs.
A typical type of nasi goreng, created in the Dutch Indies by Indo-Dutch or Dutch[102] and still eaten
in The Netherlands today is made with butter and bacon or other types of pork at its base.
Availability
Nasi goreng can be eaten at any time of day, and many
Indonesians, Malaysians and Singaporeans eat nasi goreng for
breakfast whether at home or at dining establishments.[14] As a
main meal, nasi goreng may be accompanied by additional items
such as a fried egg, ayam goreng (fried chicken), satay, vegetables,
seafood dishes such as fried shrimp or fish, and kerupuk
crackers.[103]
Street food
A street vendor cooking nasi goreng
Nasi goreng is a popular staple served by street vendors, in in his cart. The travelling night
warungs and also by travelling night hawkers that frequent hawkers often frequenting Jakarta
residential neighbourhoods with their wheeled carts.[14] When residential area.
accompanied by a fried egg, it is sometimes called nasi goreng
istimewa (special fried rice).[104] Nasi goreng is usually cooked to
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order for each serving, since the cook usually asks the client their preference on the degree of
spiciness: mild, medium, hot or extra hot. The spiciness corresponds to the amount of sambal or chili
pepper paste used. The cook might also ask how the client would like their egg done: mixed into nasi
goreng or fried separately as telur mata sapi or ceplok (fried whole egg) or as telur dadar (omelette).
Nevertheless, some popular nasi goreng warung or food stalls may prepare in bulk due to large
demand.
In many warungs (street stalls) in Indonesia, nasi goreng is often sold together with bakmi goreng
(fried noodles), kwetiau goreng, and mie rebus (noodle soup).
Restaurant
Convenience store
In popular culture
Tante Lien's song "Geef Mij Maar Nasi Goreng" (Just Give Me Nasi Goreng), composed and
recorded in 1979, illustrates historical culinary ties between the Netherlands and Indonesia, as
well as whimsically describing the craving of people of Indo (Eurasian) descent repatriated in the
Netherlands for Indonesian cuisine.[109]
In February 1973 Philip Proctor and Peter Bergman from The Firesign Theatre released their first
solo album TV or Not TV on which a character named "Nasi Goreng" sings a song of the same
name to introduce himself.
In 2011, an online poll with participation from 35,000 voters held by CNN International chose
Indonesian-style nasi goreng as number two on their 'World's 50 Most Delicious Foods' list after
rendang.[110]
The titular police division in the 2016 Japanese comedy series Tokyo Metropolitan Police
Department, Nasi Goreng Division (警視庁 ナシゴレン課, Keishichou Nasi Goreng-ka) is named
after the dish.
During their 2016 concert in Indonesia, the Australian band 5 Seconds of Summer dedicated a
song inspired by the dish entitled "Nasi Goreng".[111]
Gallery
Nasi goreng variants
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Nasi goreng with chicken, egg Nasi goreng with shrimp Nasi goreng with chicken
and prawn cracker and egg, typical Indonesian and egg in Bali
breakfast
Nasi goreng with salted fish Red nasi goreng in Nasi goreng-chicken satay
and egg Rantepao, South Sulawesi combo, quintessential
Indonesian dish among
foreigners
Nasi goreng "Chinese style" Nasi goreng "Hong Kong Mushroom nasi goreng in
in Jakarta style" in Mataram, Lombok Yogyakarta
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See also
Fried rice
Food portal
List of fried rice dishes
Sinangág Indonesia portal
Cuisine of Brunei Malaysia portal
Cuisine of Indonesia Singapore portal
Cuisine of Malaysia
Sri Lanka portal
Cuisine of Singapore
Cuisine of the Netherlands
Biryani
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External links
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