Advanced Instrumentation

and Computer I/O Design

Defined Accuracy Decision and
I Control with Process Applications
Second Edition

Patrick H. Garrett

4IEEE
IEEE Press

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Copyright © 2013 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Garrett, Patrick H.
Advanced instrumentation and computer I/O design : defined accuracy decision and control with process
applications / Patrick H. Garrett. — Second edition,
pages cm
ISBN 978-1 -118-31708-2 (pbk.)
1. Computer interfaces. 2. Computer input-output equipment—Design—Data processing. 3. Computer-aided
engineering. I. Title.
TK7887.5.G368 2013
621.39'81—dc23 2012030698

Printed in the United States of America.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
 Contents

Preface

1 Thermal, Mechanical, Q u a n t u m , and Analytical Sensors 1

1 -0 Introduction 1
1-1 Instrumentation Error Interpretation 1
1-2 Temperature Sensors 4
1-3 Mechanical Sensors 7
1-4 Quantum Sensors 13
1 -5 Analytical Sensors 18
Problems 25
Bibliography 27

2 Instrumentation Amplifiers and Parameter Errors 29

2-0 Introduction 29
2-1 Device Temperature Characteristics 30
2-2 Differential Amplifiers 31
2-3 Operational Amplifiers 35
2-4 Instrumentation Amplifiers 39
2-5 Amplifier Parameter Error Evaluation 47
Problems 50
Bibliography 51

v
vi Contents

3 Filters for Measurement Signals 53

3-0 Introduction 53
3-1 Bandlimiting Instrumentation Filters 53
3-2 Active Filter Design 58
3-3 Filter Error Evaluation 68
3-4 Bandpass Instrumentation Filters 73
Problems 82
Bibliography 83

4 Signal Conditioning Design and Instrumentation 85

Errors
4-0 Introduction 85
4-1 Low-Level Signal Acquisition 85
4-2 Signal Quality in Random And Coherent Interference 89
4-3 DC, Sinusoidal, and Harmonic Signal Conditioning 95
4-4 Analog Signal Processing 101
Problems 106
Bibliography 108

5 Data Conversion Devices and Parameters 109

5-0 Introduction 109
5-1 Analog Multiplexers 109
5-2 Sample Hold Devices 112
5-3 Digital-to-Analog Converters 115
5-4 Analog-to-Digital Converters 121
Problems 136
Bibliography 136

6 Sampled D a t a and Reconstruction w i t h Intersample 139

Error
6-0 Introduction 139
6-1 Sampled Data Theory 140
6-2 Aliasing of Signal and Noise 144
6-3 Sampled Data Intersample and Aperture Errors 150
6-4 Output Signal Interpolation Functions 156
6-5 Video Sampling and Reconstruction 165
Problems 166
Bibliography 167
 Contents vii

7 Instrumentation Analysis Suite, Error Propagation, 169

Sensor Fusion, and Interfaces
7-0 Introduction 169
7-1 Aerospace Computer I/O Design With Analysis Suite 169
7-2 Measurement Error Propagation in Example Airflow Process 183
7-3 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Sensor Fusion 186
7-4 Instrumentation Integration and Interfaces 192
Problems 199
Bibliography 202
Appendix 203

8 Instrumented Processes Decision and Control 207

8-0 Introduction 207
8-1 Process Apparatus Controller Variability and Tuning 209
8-2 Model Reference to Remodeling Adaptive Control 220
8-3 Empirical to Intelligent Process Decision Systems 229
Problems 240
Bibliography 243

9 Process Automation Applications 245

9-0 Introduction 245
9-1 Ashby Map Guided Equiaxed Titanium Forging 246
9-2 Z-Fit Modeled Spectral Control of Exfoliated Nanocomposites 247
9-3 Superconductor Production with Adaptive Decision and Control 250
9-4 Neural Network Attenuated Steel Annealing Hardness Variance 259
9?5 Ultralinear Molecular Beam Epitaxy Flux Calibration 263
Bibliography 269

Index 271