1.

Concept of MIS
Management Information Systems (MIS) is the study of people, technology, organizations and
the relationships among them. Management Information systems (MIS) professional help firms
realize maximum benefit from personnel, equipment, and business processes. Management
Information Systems (MIS) is a people oriented field with an emphasis on service through
technology.
Information in Management Information Systems (MIS) means the processed data that helps the
management in planning, controlling, and operations. Data means all the facts arising out of the
operations of the concern. Data is processed i.e. recorded, summarized, compared and finally
presented to the management in the form of Management Information Systems (MIS).

2. Data and Information

Data is an individual unit that contains raw materials which do not carry any specific meaning.
Information is a group of data that collectively carries a logical meaning. Data doesn’t depend on
information. Information depends on data.
Data is defined as groups of symbols in the form of text, images, voice representing quantities,
action and objects. Example of data is student test score.
Information is interpreted data created form organized, structured, and processed data in a
particular context. Example of information is average score of class that is derived from given
data.

3.Information System and Information Technology

The difference between Information System and Information Technology is that information
systems includes the technology, people, and processes involved with information.
Information Technology is the design and implementation of information or data, within the
information system.

4. Information System and Organization Structure

Information System (IS):
An information system (IS) is a collection of interconnected hardware, software, data,
procedures, and people that work together to store, process, transmit and manage data and
information within an organization.

Organization Structure:
Organization Structure refers to the frame work and arrangement of roles, responsibilities and
relationships within an organization. It defines how tasks are divided, Co-ordinated, and
supervised among different units and individuals in the organization.
5.Developing and Information System:
Developing an information system involves a structured process of creating, designing,
implementing, and maintaining a system that manages and processes data to support the
operations of an organization. Information System can take various forms, including databases,
software applications, websites and more.

6.How Information System Works:

An information system (IS) works by efficiently collecting, storing, processing, and distributing data and
information to support an organization's operations, decision-making, and communication.
An information system functions as a organized framework that efficiently manages data and information
to support an organization's day-to-day operations, strategic decision-making, and overall goals. The
specific components and processes within an information system can vary widely depending on the
organization's needs and the complexity of the system.

7.Concept of Telecommunication:
Telecommunication is the transmission of information, data, or signals over a distance through the use of
various electronic, optical, or electromagnetic systems. It is a broad concept that includes a wide range of
technologies and methods for sending and receiving information between two or more points, often
referred to as communication.
Telecommunications, also known as telecom, is the exchange of information over significant distances by
electronic means and refers to all types of voice, data and video transmission.

8.Media and Processor:

Media: The main means of mass communication (broadcasting, publishing, and the internet)
regarded collectively. Media can include storage devices like hard drives as well as different
types of digital content such as text, images, audio, video, and interactive applications.
Processor: A central processing unit, also called a central processor or main processor is the
most important processor in a given computer. Its electronic circuit board executes instructions
of a computer program, such as arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output operations.

9.Network Protocol and Topology:

Network Protocols refer to the rules and standards that govern the communication between devices on a
network.
A network protocol is a set of rules and conventions that govern how data is transmitted, received, and
processed in a computer network. It defines the standards for communication between devices and
ensures that data can be exchanged reliably and efficiently across the network.
Topology refers to the physical and logical arrangement of devices on a network.
Network topology refers to the physical or logical arrangement of devices and connections in a computer
network. It defines how devices are interconnected and how data flows within the network.

10.Client- Server System:

A client-server network is the medium through which clients access resources and services from a central
computer, via either a local area network (LAN) or a wide-area network (WAN), such as the Internet.

11.Intranet:
An intranet is a computer network for sharing information, easier communication, collaboration tools,
operational systems, and other computing services.
Internet is the global network of interconnected computers and computer networks that allows for the
transmission and exchange of data and information. It is a vast, decentralized system that spans the globe,
enabling communication, access to information, online services, and collaboration.