1.

Draw the OSI and TCP/IP models and indicate with colors the equivalence of the levels of
both models.
Indicate the ports and transport layer protocols used by the following protocols: HTTP, HTTPS,
DNS, SSH.
3. Explain and explain how the UDP protocol retransmits packets when an ACK has not been
received after 5 ticks. NO
4. Which network mask (the tightest) should I use if I want to have at least 63 machines
connected to the network? NO
5. Explain in detail (and draw) how a TCP connection is established.
6. Represents IP 192.168.1.23 with mask 255.255.192.0 in CIDR notation. NO
7. Define, in your own words, the following concepts:
a. Switch
b. Router
c. Firewall
d. NAT.
Answers:
1)

OSI Model TCP/IP model

7.Application

6.Presentation Application

5.Session

4.Transportation Transportation

3.Red Internet

2.Data linking Network access

Physics

2)HTTP:
Port 80: This port is used for HTTP non-secure web browsing.
Transportation: TCP
HTTPS:
Port 443: This port is also for web browsing, but in this case it uses the HTTPS protocol which is
secure and uses the TLS protocol underneath.
Transport: SSL/TLS and TCP

DNS:
Port 53: DNS uses port 53 for communications, both forUDP datagrams and TCP packets.
Transport: TCP OR UDP

SSH:
Port 22: By default,port 22 is used to establish anSSH connection. Thisport is automatically
configured during the installation of your operating system.
Transportation: TCP

5) TCP uses segments to determine if the receiving system is ready to receive the data. When
the sending TCP protocol wants to establish connections, it sends a segment called SYN to the
receiving host's TCP protocol. The receiving TCP protocol returns a segment called ACK to
confirm that the segment has been received correctly. The sending TCP protocol issues
another ACK segment and then proceeds to send the data. This exchange of control
information is called a three-way protocol.

7)Switch: A switch is a device used to connect several computers to form a network (LAN).
Router: A router is a device that offers a wi-fi connection to the equipment prepared to
receive it, thus allowing the equipment to be connected to the internet without the need for
ethernet cables.
Firewall: The Firewall is in charge of blocking the access not allowed towards our equipment,
also letting us choose what we want to allow to pass to our equipment.
Nat: Nat is in charge of connecting ip addresses of routers, thus enabling us to exchange
information over the Internet.