University of Aden

Faculty of Engineering

Mechanical engineering Department

Thermal Section

SUMMNAR

HYDRAULIC PUMP

Prepared by:

Name: Abdulrahman Qasim Ali Aqlan

Reg. No: (166027)
Class: B5MT

Supervised By
Dr. Mansoor Saleh Haidara

Year :2020-2021
 Contents
1- Introduction.........................................................
2- Principle working......................................................
3- Types of hydraulic pumps ....................................
 Positive displacement pump..............................
 Centrifugal pump..............................................
4- Type of rotary pump.............................................
 Gear pump ........................................................
 Screw pump.......................................................
 Lobe pump..............................................................
 Vane pump .............................................................
 Piston pump ...........................................................
5- Application ...........................................................
6- Air condition pumping...........................................
7- References ............................................................

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1-Introduction
Hydraulic pumps are omnipresent and used in
applications ranging from mud pumping (drilling
site) to movement
of the antenna in space stations. They convert the
mechanical energy supplied by the motor to hydraulic
energy.
It develops the flow of fluid at the required pressure
to overcome the external load.
A hydraulic pump is a critical component of any
hydraulic system and its selection is very sensitive to
the efficiency of the system

Fig (1)

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2-Principle working of pump
A Pump is generally used to induce flow or raise the
pressure of a liquid. Centrifugal pumps are a category
of Dynamic pumps. The working principle of
centrifugal pumps involves imparting energy to the
liquid by means of a centrifugal force developed by
the rotation of an impeller that has several blades or
vanes. The basic centrifugal pump theory of working
comprises of the following working stages.
- Liquid enters the pump casing at the impeller eye.

Fig(2)

- Velocity energy is imparted to the liquid by means of

the centrifugal force produced by rotation of the
impeller and the liquid is radially pushed out
towards the impeller periphery.

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 Fig (3)

- The velocity energy of liquid is converted to

pressure energy by directing it to an expanding volute
design casing in a volute type centrifugal pump or
diffusers in a turbine pump

Fig (4)

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 3-Type of Hydraulic Pumps
There are two main types of Hydraulic pump:
1-Positive displacement pump
2-Centrifugal (Hydrodynamic) pump

3.1-Positive-displacement pump
A positive displacement pump operates by forcing a
fixed volume of fluid from the inlet of the pump to the
discharge of the pump regardless of the system
pressure. In a positive displacement pump, the
amount of fluid displaced per cycle is completely
dependent on the geometry of the pump and the
outlet pressure has no influence on it.
 Positive displacement pumps can be classified as
 Reciprocating pumps
 Piston Pump(Single/double acting)
 Plunger Pump
 Diaphragm Pump
 Rotary pump

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 Fig (5) type of reciprocating pump

In a reciprocating pump, a constant flow of liquid is

drawn into the cylinder on the intake stroke of the
piston. This is discharged under pressure on the
discharge stroke. Since the delivery of fluid happens
at the end of every stroke,

 Types of reciprocating pumps

Reciprocating pumps can be further classified as
single acting pump and double acting pump. A
plunger pump is similar to a piston pump with one
exception. Due to the friction between the piston and
the wall in the piston pump this demands a high
surface finish of the cylinder bore. Where as in
plunger pump, there is no physical contact between
the cylinder wall and plunger, and hence the surface
finish need not be very high. This results in a
reduction in the price of the pump. However,
compared to plunger pumps, piston pumps can
supply more flow per unit volume occupied by the
pump.
4-Rotary pumps
is a positive displacement pump that consists of
vanes mounted to a rotor that rotates inside a cavity.
In some cases these vanes can have variable length
and/or be tensioned to maintain contact with the
walls as the pump rotates. There have been various
improvements, including a variable vane pump for
gases

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They are considered less suitable than other vacuum
pumps for high-viscosity and high-pressure fluids,
and are complex to operate. They can endure short
periods of dry operation, and are considered good for
low-viscosity fluids

Fig (6) rotary pump

 Type of rotary pump

1- Gear pump This is the simplest of rotary positive-
displacement pumps. It consists of two meshed
gears that rotate in a closely fitted casing. The tooth
spaces trap fluid and force it around the outer
periphery. The fluid does not travel back on the
meshed part, because the teeth mesh closely in the

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 center. Gear pumps see wide use in car engine oil
pumps and in various hydraulic power packs.

Fig (7) gear pump

2- Screw pump
A screw pump is a more complicated type of
rotary pump that uses two or three screws with
opposing thread e.g., one screw turns clockwise
and the other counterclockwise. The screws are
mounted on parallel shafts that have gears that
mesh so the shafts turn together and everything
stays in place. The screws turn on the shafts and
drive fluid through the pump. As with other forms of
rotary pumps, the clearance between moving parts
and the pump's casing is minimal.

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 Fig (8) screw pump
3- lobe pump
Main article: Roots-type supercharger
Named after the Roots brothers who invented it, this
lobe pump displaces the liquid trapped between two
long helical rotors, each fitted into the other when
perpendicular at 90°, rotating inside a triangular
shaped sealing line configuration, both at the point of
suction and at the point of discharge. This design
produces a continuous flow with equal volume and no
vortex. It can work at low pulsation rates, and offers
gentle performance that some applications require.
Applications include:
High capacity industrial air compressors.
Roots superchargers on internal combustion engines.
A brand of civil defense siren, the Federal Signal
Corporation's Thunderbolt

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 Fig (9) lobe pump

5-Some application of pump

Mechanical pumps serve in a wide range of
applications such as pumping water from wells,
aquarium filtering, pond filtering and aeration, in the
car industry for water-cooling and fuel injection, in
the energy industry for pumping oil and natural gas
or for operating cooling towers and other
components of heating, ventilation and air
conditioning systems. In the medical industry, pumps
are used for biochemical processes in developing and
manufacturing medicine, and as artificial
replacements for body parts, in particular the
artificial heart and penile prosthesis.

6-Air conditioner pumps

that are commonly used in HVAC industry are the
centrifugal pumps. It basically consists of a pump
impeller which is connected to the shaft of a motor.

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The centrifugal force created when the motor turns
causes the liquid to be drawn towards it and
discharged to the opening of the volute.
The pump create a differential pressure between the
water inlet and outlet of the pump. This pressure
differential enables the water to flow through the
pipes. The motor used can be single speed, dual speed
or variable speed. The more complicated variable
speed motor which can vary its speed and connected
to the building management system is increasingly
being used due to its better efficiency and control. By
varying the speed of the pump motor, the impeller
speed can be optimized to the load of the system.
The moving parts of the pumps are usually made of
bronze or other non-ferrous material to prevent
corrosion. The body is made from cast-iron for
stability and durability.
These pumps are used in:
Condenser water system where the hot water from
the condenser is pumped to the cooling tower which
is located a distance away from the condenser. The
hot water is then cooled at the cooling tower before
being circulated back to the condenser. This process
is done repeatedly.
Chilled water system where the chilled water from
the chillers are being pumped and circulated to the
various sections of a building before being used to
cooled the space.
Hot water system where the hot water from the boiler
is circulated to the heat transfer units and back.
In-Line Pumps and the Closed Coupled Pump

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There are two main design of the air conditioner
pumps. They are the In-Line Pumps and the Closed
Coupled Pump.
The in-line type is smaller which is used for a lower
head applications. It is also known as booster pumps.
The suction and discharge are connected in a straight
line making it light in weight and hence can be
supported directly by the piping. It is also less costly
and simpler to install.
The closed coupled pump has its impeller mounted on
and supported by the motor shaft. It has mounting
flange with base that supports the motor and pump.
There is also an end suction connection. It is available
from small to medium capacities and is not too costly.
Blade Angle The design of the blade has different
effect on the Pump Head vs Discharge. If the design is
forward-curved where the outlet blade angle > 90°,
the positive slope is obtained. This positive condition
is not stable and cause the pump to surge. The pump
surge is a condition where it oscillates to find the
proper operating point. Due to this, this design is
seldom used.
If the design is backward-curved where the outlet
blade angle < 90°, the negative slope is obtained. This
is the most stable pump characteristics and hence is
the most preferred design in centrifugal pumps.
Centrifugal Pump - Head versus Discharge Graph
In the design and installation consideration of air

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 Fig (10)

conditioner pumps, it is always a good practice to

provide for venting air from the system to prevent air
from blocking the proper operation of the fluid flow.
Efficiency of the pump will be reduced with the
introduction of air in the piping system.
When selecting pump, choose one with 60-80% of the
maximum flow as it is not advisable to operate at i

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7- References
1- Dr0R0K0Bansal A Textbook of Fluid
Mechanics and hydraulic machines
2- Fluid Mechanics and Machinery (2nd
edition) - Kothandaraman_ Rudramoorthy
3- "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.
4- "https://www.google.com/url

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