m aw am a University

UWM of the Valley of Mexico

LAUREATE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITIES'

PROBLEM SOLVING - WORK AND ENERGY

Exercise 1. Work and power

The wheels of a 500- ton locomotive exert a traction force of 490.5 kN . The locomotive drags a set of
cars that have a total mass of 100 tons , which exert friction forces of 72.0 kN , which oppose the
movement of the train. The train starts from rest and acquires a speed of 100 km/h .
a) Calculate the acceleration of the train.
1.We standardize units
1000kq 1000kq
500ton x—--------= = 500,000kg 100ton x—------= = 100,000kg
1ton 1ton 1
100km/h x 1000m x 1h = 2777m/s 1 1km 3600s
490.5kN x 1000 = 490,500N 72kN x 1000N = 72,000N
1kN 1kN

2.We calculate the time

_m(yf-vQ) _6QQ,QQQkg(27.T7m/s-^)
t
= F t
= 418,500N
t = 39.8136s
3.We calculate the acceleration vf — v0 vf = v0 + at a =---------- -
27.77m/s- 0
a =-----------------
39.8136s
a = 0.6975m/s 2

b) Calculate the time needed to reach 100 km/h.

t = 39.8136s
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UMM of the Valley of Mexico
LAUREATE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITIES*

c) What is the distance traveled in time?

I.We use the formula and substitute values
1 2„ (0.6975m/s2)(39.8136s)2
d = v0t + -at d = 0+ ------------------—------------------
(0.6975m/s2)(1585.1227s2)
d
=---------------------2----------------
d = 552.8115m

d) Calculate the work done by the train locomotive.

1 .We use the formula and substitute values
W = Fdcosd W = (490kN)(552.8115m) cos 0
W = 270877.635k]

e) Calculate the work done by the friction forces.

1 .We use the formula and substitute values
W = Fd cos e W = (72kN)(552.8115m) cos 180
W = -39802.428k/
f) What is the total work?
1.We add both jobs
Wt = WF + WFr Wt = 270877.635k] + (-39802.428k))
Wt =231,075.207kJ
g) What is the change in the kinetic energy of the train?
1.We simplify the formula ^E = Ef -Eo Eo = 0
11
Ef = -mff 2 Ef = - (500,000kg)(27.77m/s2)2
Ef = 192793525k/

h) Determines the power supplied by the locomotive, in horsepower ( hp) .

1.We use the formula and substitute values
fd (490.5kN)(552.8115m)
p = p =
p
t p
39.8136s
1HP (
p = 6 81 O . 588
3kW 0.746^W)
 m aw am a University
UMM of the Valley of Mexico
LAUREATE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITIES*

p = 9129.47Hp

i) Calculate the power consumed by the friction forces, in horsepower ( hp) .

1 .We use the formula and substitute values
_ (72kN)(552.8115m)
P
= 39.8136s
1Hp
fd p =999.7193(746)
P=— p = 1340.1064Hp
t

Exercise 2. Work and energy

A centrifuge machine to produce sedimentation works at 3,000 rpm , with 1 sample placed at a radial
distance of 0.08 m from the axis of rotation. Starting from rest, the machine takes 26 s to reach its
operating speed. The mass of each sample tube is 30 g.
a) What is the angle rotated by the samples at startup?
1 .We standardize units
2nrad 1min
3000rpm x-----------x---------= 314.16rad/sec
1rev 60sec
2 .We calculate the angular acceleration using the formula ^f — 00 314.16rad/sec — 0
a = —-------- a =---------------------------------- a = 12.083rad/sec 2
tf — to 26sec
3 .we calculate the rotated angle using the equation

0 = Mot + — at 2 0=0+1 (12.083rad/sec 2 )(26s) 2

0 = 4084.054rad = 649.997rev
b) What is the distance traveled by the samples at startup?
1 .We multiply the angle traveled by the radius of gyration
d = (4084.054rad)(0.08m~)
d = 326.7243m
c) Calculate the work done by the tangential force on the sample at startup.
1 .We calculate the tangential acceleration at = ar at = (12.083rad/sec 2> )(0.08m')
at = 0.9666m/sec 2
 m aw am a University

UMM of the Valley of Mexico LAUREATE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITIES*

2 .We calculate the work using the equation taking into account the tangential acceleration
W = Fdcos(^°)
W = (0.030kg)(0.96m/sec2)(326.7246m)(1) W = 9.4096/

d) What is the power of the centrifuge to accelerate the samples?

I.We use the formula and substitute values
w 9.4096)
p=— ü = —----------
t 26sec
p = 0.3619W
e) What is the kinetic energy of the samples at the end of the starting process?
1 .We use the formula and substitute values
1
Ec = 2mvt Ec = (0.5)(0.030kg)(314.16rad/sec)(0.08m) 2

Ec = 0.030/

Exercise 3. Work and power

A small block of granite weighing 2520 g is dragged up a plane inclined at 16° with a constant speed of
0.80 m/s , using a mechanical system. The coefficient of friction between the block and the plane
surface is 0.35 . The distance traveled by the block is 4.7 m .
a) Determine the work done by the force of gravity.
1 .The work of the force of gravity is given by the following
Wg=wsin(16°)d=(mg)(sin16°)(4.7m)
Wg = (2.52kg x 9.81m/sec 2 )(sin16°)(4.7m)
Wg = (24.7212N)(1.2954m)
Wg = 32.026/
b) Calculate the work done by the friction force.
1 .We first calculate the friction force
Fr = Nu = mgcos(16°)0.35 Fr = (2.52kg)(9.81m/sec 2 )(cos16°)(0.35)
Fr = 8.3172N
2 .We calculate the work
WFr=Fr4.7m

W,r = (8.3172N)(4.7m) = 39.0908/

 m aw am a University
UWM of the Valley of Mexico
LAUREATE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITIES'

c) Determines the work done by the mechanical system to raise the block.
1 .We calculate the force of the mechanical system
F=F r + wse^16° F = 8.3172N + 6.8140N

F = 15.1312N
2 .We calculate the work of the mechanical system
Wp = (15.1312N)(4.7m)
WF = 71.1170]
d) How much power must the mechanical system supply to raise the block?
1.We calculate the elapsed time
d 4.7^
= = 5 875
V 0.80^/s
2.We calculate the power
W 71.1170/
p== = 12.1050W
• t 5.875s
Figure 1