Anna Moroz 352

Get acquainted with the background information about Amy Cuddy on page 1 and do Ex. 1-3
on page 1 (hereafter – according to PDF page-numbering).
Ex.1
Amy Cuddy is a professor and researcher in social psychology at Harvard Business School. She
studies nonverbal behavior of people which is absolutely related to business studies. Business is
not only enterprises, documents, money. That is relationships between people, even the mastery
of negotiations to be more precise. The way you speak is important and more direct for people to
perceive, but it’s not all the process of communication. True leaders and businessmen need to
know to whom smile, how to persuade people with one glance, to disclose a liar just watching
his body language etc.
Ex. 2
I’m not a psychologist, but I suppose a lot. We can pronounce the same sentence with a smile or
grin, happy or frustrated look, keeping a distance or holding a hand and every time the meanings
will be different. It’s pretty obvious that non-verbal communication is crucial and takes at least
70% of whole human interaction.
Ex. 3
Since I’ve been living in the UK, I started using much more nonverbal communication in my
daily life. Here all the people smile each other when you accidently make eye contact. It’s polite
and helps to avoid awkward situations. I work with Italians, so I grabbed some tricks from their
culture as well. Italian hand gestures, for one, or speaking with eyes or my favorite NLP trick
which I frequently use at work on my subordinates – a subtle touch saying something good. It
increases trust and creates a good memory, impression about you. And at a time when you need
to give a task or request for something to be done, touch a person’s hand and ask!
· Listen to the TED Talk “Your Body Language Shapes Who You Are” given by my
Cuddy:
then do Ex. on p.2, Ex. 1- 6, 10 (4.1) on pр. 3-4; developing presentation skills: Ex. 13-15 p. 4
ex. 1
She asks her audience to pay attention to their postures to make them aware of their own body
language.
President Obama shook hands with the police officer unlike (British) Prime Minister who didn't.
It gave the impression that the Prime Minister is minimum unfriendly and arrogant.
We consider the influence of other people’s body language on us and how we can influence them
in the same way.
Competitive business school
Ex. 2
1 They make themselves big, stretch out, take up space, opening up, make a star shape.
2 Raising both hands up in the air in a V-shape and the chin is slightly lifted.
3 We close up, make ourselves small.
4 We complement the other person’s nonverbal, i.e. do the opposite, so if one person is
demonstrating power, the other makes themselves smaller.
5 Confident students take up space when they sit down, leaning back, and when they raise their
hands, they put them high in the air. They also
participate more. Less confident students sit hunched over the desk
and when they raise their hands, it is a slight movement from the elbow only. They don’t
participate much.
Ex. 3
1 women, participation
2 fake, make
3 smile, happy
4 bodies, hormones
Ex. 4
1 two
2 saliva/spit
3 gamble
4 86
5 60
6 20
7 increase
8 stress/stressed
Ex. 5
1 before
2 neutral
3 didn’t
know
4 high power
5 frauds
Ex. 6
1 She was in a really bad car accident. And that’s why her IQ had dropped, and she had been
withdrawn from college.
2 She worked really hard and she eventually graduated from college.
3 You’re not quitting; you’re going to fake it. Yes, it worked.
4 She realized that she didn’t feel like she wasn’t supposed to be there anymore and that her
student was supposed to be there.
5 ‘Fake it till you become it.’
Ex.10
1 The oversimplification is that body language is also important in that it can influence how we
feel about ourselves.
2 The oversimplification is that power posing and faking confidence can actually make us feel
more confident permanently, as well as temporarily.
Ex. 13
Students’ own answers, but one alternative might be to elicit from the audience what they are
expecting to hear at the beginning of the talk and structure accordingly – this would take a lot of
confidence on the part of the speaker though. Point out that different speakers are likely to
structure talks differently according to their personality and the content of the talk.
Ex. 14
She brings the story full circle, i.e. she brings the story round to a story about her student, who
was in the same situation as Cuddy was at the beginning of the video.
Ex. 15
Phase 1. – English? (primary, secondary school)
Phase 2. – Sounds interesting (secondary school)
Phase 3. – I want it! (high school, first year of university)
Phase 4. – Learn it, get it! (still university 2020-2022)
Phase 5. – Smart, but not enough or existential crisis! (2022, just moved to the UK)
Phase 6. – Smart. Enough! You are not a Professor. (2022, UK, new work and changes)
Phase 7. – There’s no limit to perfection! (2023)
· Section 4.2 “How We Communicate”: Scrutinize the infographic about innovations in
communication and do Ex. 1-8, 10 pp.5-6 (Grammar included: Past Forms and Inversion)
Ex. 1
1 2,500 years ago: by messenger (e.g. on foot or horseback), papyrus script, smoke signals, cave
paintings 250 years ago: letters (post), by messenger (e.g. on foot/horseback, messages by boat)
2 Communication would have been slower with more opportunity for messages to get lost or
changed. Human interactions would also have been more limited as it was more difficult to
travel and took longer. However, it could be argued that people took more time over the
interactions they did have and so their interactions were deeper and more meaningful.
Ex. 2
1 The speaker mentions: cave paintings (drawings), pictograms, writing on papyrus, carrier
pigeons, the first postal service, (invention of) the printing press.
2 cave paintings: indicated growing human intelligence
pictograms: an important step towards the development of an alphabet
carrier pigeons: messages could be sent more quickly
first postal service: could cover greater distances invention of the printing
press: more people had access to books and ideas
ex. 3
1 couldn’t have gone to the festival
2 shouldn’t have left her bags unattended
3 had to take a taxi 4 could have been mistaken
5 must have been recruited by the secret service
6 might have thrown a stone at
Ex. 4
1c
2d
3a
4b
5e
6e
7e
Ex. 5
1 came
2 was working
3 had been using
4 was
5 didn’t seem
6 leased / used to lease / would lease
7 changed
8 were making and receiving
Ex. 6
I know my mom told me how she used to call her mother via public phone on a street once a
week. Every call for 5 minutes costed a coin (don’t remember exactly). Sometimes they sent
each other letters.
Ex. 7
1 after the subject and verb, i.e. The telephone exchange’s impact was so strong that … The
adjective phrase so strong has been placed at the beginning of the sentence to give more
emphasis.
2 The adjective phrase would normally come after the subject and verb.
Ex. 8
1d2e3a4b5c
· Speaking: Being Hyperconnected (in writing – Ex. 11 p.6)
Indeed, in our globalized world people are hyperconnected. I would say that this fact brings lots
of advantages rather than drawbacks. Phones and internet help people get in contact every single
day. Now from London to Sumy it’s an instant call instead of waiting for a letter for months.
People get news faster, so they response faster, and sometimes it can cost a life if it’s an
emergency. Phone calls are good, video calls are better, digital emails and sources of information
and even dating apps made and still make our lives better. But will it be lasting forever? And is it
that good? Perhaps. However… because of The Internet people tend to forget about real life. By
“real” I mean that it’s much more pleasant and important to have a nice evening with a family
than just texting “hi, wassup?”. We are getting older and stopped appreciating little things like
reading a real 200 y.o. book or going to a real theater. For sure it’s much easier to switch on a
phone which has all kinds of entertainment. Why to stress out going outside? It takes time and
we have no time chronically. Sadly, people don’t see simple truth which is nearby in history.
Sometimes I even think that communication 2 centuries ago was lovely fulfilled with feelings.
Read any book of that time, see how they spoke about love. People used to sing out their souls
and do reckless things in the name of dignity, love, life, country. And it was authentic. It was
beautiful and it still is. What if we just try to put aside all the gadgets, look at the sky
remembering parents, grab tickets home and any book which you always wanted to read and
never did, take the first need train or bus and go? I tried. And even 2 days trip was neither long
nor tiring. It was interesting. I met many people, saw plenty of cities, landscapes. I had a true
moral rest, the one I was longing for all my life. So do people. And we still connected to the
world, we don’t skip anything apart from work email or new TV series. Moreover, we get
connected to our true selves.
· Section 4.3 “Negotiate Better”: do Ex. 3-8 p. 7 (on the basis of the blog to be read on
page 8)
Ex. 4
1 A (Never get too emotionally attached to something you want. If you do, you’re sure to
overpay for it.)
2 C (The author mentions that someone repeating their position may not be following the goals
of the negotiation, but says nothing about preparation or options.)
3 A (… staying quiet can help to draw them out further, prompting them to offer more or at least
to justify their position.)
4 A (‘What if’ forces the other person to really consider and perhaps reevaluate their position.)
5 B (The big difference is that your nearest and dearest know how to push your buttons – what
you really care about, what will make you angry and so on …)
6 A (And try to avoid giving off any of these tell-tale signs yourself …)
Ex. 5
1 at the end of the day (lines 7–8)
2 without budging an inch (line 11)
3 bullishly (line 15)
4 resentful (line 18)
5 draw them out / draw someone out (line 23)
6 indispensible (line 28)
7 push your buttons / push someone’s buttons (line 34)
8 flounder (line 37)
9 unscrupulous (line 37)
10 tell-tale (line 43)
Ex. 6
1 legs 2 arms 3 eyebrow
Ex. 7
clench your fists: This gesture suggests anger; we might do it if someone is angering us or
threatening us.
drum your fingers: This suggests impatience; we might do it if we’re having to wait for
something/someone.
roll your eyes: This suggests exasperation; we might do it if someone is being particularly
awkward.
shake your head: This is the gesture of negation, i.e. it means ‘No’; we do it if we are refusing or
rejecting something.
shrug your shoulders: This means ‘I don’t know’; we might do it if someone has asked us
something and we don’t know the answer. It can also suggest ‘I don’t care.’
tap your foot: This can express impatience (as with drum your fingers), but it’s is more likely
that we are listening to music and tapping our feet along with the beat.
Ex. 8
1d
2b
3f
4c
5a
6e