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BS Mathematics (2018-2022)
Mission Statement:
To prepare people having sound knowledge of mathematics

Rationale:
The program of Bachelor of Science in mathematics is launched to make up the
shortage of professional mathematicians, to support sciences, and to motivate
people toward advanced mathematics and research.

Program Objectives:
The objectives of the program are:
1. To establish the base for lifelong education by creating essential concepts and
equipping the students with necessary techniques needed to start careers in
teaching, research, and/or in any walk of life involving mathematics.
2. To prepare students to learn concrete ideas of mathematics, to analyze problems,
and to develop problem-solving skills.
3. To encourage students to become effective independent learners.
4. To encourage students to work in groups to get quick, true results.
5. To encourage people to help other disciplines as engineering, physics, economics,
finance, etc. using mathematics.

Program Design:
Program duration: 4 years (8 semesters)
Total credit hours: 139
Semester duration: 16 - 18 weeks

Eligibility Criteria:
Intermediate with mathematics or equivalent as per UO rules

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Scheme of Studies
Semester-IV
Credit Hours
Sr. No. Course Code Course Title
Theory Lab Total Page No.
Modern Physics and
1 PHYS2123 3 1 4 28
Electronics
English Language Use
2 ENGL2122 3 0 3 29
at Advance Level
Introduction to
3 MATH2128 Statistics and 3 0 3 30
Probability
4 MATH2123 Discrete Mathematics 3 0 3 31
Ordinary Differential
5 MATH2124 3 0 3 32
Equations
Elementary Linear
6 MATH2125 3 0 3 33
Algebra
Total 19

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Detail of Courses
Course Title: Modern Physics and Electronics
Course Code: PHYS2123
Credit Hours: 4

Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are
 To understand the non-classical aspects of Physics,
 To understand the applications of Quantum Physics in microscopic-scale Physics,
atomic and molecular structure and processes.

Course Outline:
Photons and Matter Waves: Thermal radiation (black body radiation), quantization of
energy, the photoelectric effect, compton effect, line spectra, wave behavior of particles,
testing de broglie’s hypothesis, heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, wave function,
schrödinger equation, dual nature of matter (waves and particles).
More About Matter Waves: Wave functions of a trapped electron, an electron in a
finite well, Bohr’s theory, spin, X-ray spectrum.
Electronics: Basic crystal structure, energy band in solid and energy gaps, p-type and N-
type semiconductors, diode, transistor.

List of Experiments:
1. To determine the ionization potential of mercury.
2. Setup of an RLC series circuit. Draw its frequency response curve and find the
values of resonance frequency bandwidth and quality factor.
3. Setup of an R.L.C parallel circuit. Draw its frequency response curve and find the
values of resonance band – width and quality factor.
4. To set up a half-wave and full-wave rectifier and demonstrate the wave shape on
C.R.O. Also study the effect of smoothing current (capacitive filter) and the
ripple voltage.
5. To set up the triode value as a single as a single stage voltage amplifier, and
measurement of its gain by an oscilloscope.

Recommended Books:
 Resnick, Halliday and Krane(1992), Physics Vol. II (extended): 4th Edition, John
Wiley and Sons Inc, New York.
 Resnick, Halliday and Krane(2002), Physics Vol.II(extended): 5th Edition, John
Wiley and Sons Inc, New York.
 Halliday Resnick and Krane(2010), Fundamental of Physics: 9th Edition, John
Wiley and Sons Inc, New York.
 Sears, Zemansky and Young(2000), University Physics 8th Edition: Addison-
Wesley, Reading (MA), USA.
 Alonso and Finn(1999), Physics : Addison-Wesley, Reading (MA), USA.
 A. Beiser(1988), Concepts of Modern Physics: McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.

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Course Title: English Language Use at Advance Level

Course Code: ENGL2122
Credit Hours: 3

Objective
 To develop the ability to communicate and use English language effectively.
 To enable the students to read effectively and independently any intermediate
level text.
 To make the experience of learning English more meaningful and enjoyable.
 To enable the students to use grammar and language structure in context.
 To enable the students to meet their real life communication needs

Course Outline:
Listening and Speaking Skills: Ask general questions about yourself and a range of
familiar topics, such as home, family, work, studies and interests. talk about a particular
topic. ask further to discuss more abstract ideas and issue to understand and use signal
markers, to extract information and make notes from lectures, to ask and answer relevant
questions to seek information, clarification, preparation for communication in interviews
etc.
Reading Skills: The test taker’s skill in reading as she/he answers the questions, identify
main idea/topic sentences, includes three long texts which range from the descriptive and
factual to the discursive and analytical, find specific information quickly, distinguish
between relevant and irrelevant information according to purpose for reading, recognize
and interpret cohesive devices, distinguish between fact and opinion, a variety of
question types like reading for gist, reading for main ideas, reading for detail, skimming,
understanding logical argument, recognizing writers' opinions, attitudes and
purpose are used in order to test a wide range of reading skills.
Vocabulary Building Skills: Guess the meanings of unfamiliar words using context
clues, use word formation rules for enhancing vocabulary, use the dictionary for finding
out meanings and use of unfamiliar words.
Writing skills: To enable students to write descriptive, narrative and argumentative texts
with and without stimulus input. Explain graph, table, chart or diagram and asked to
describe, Essay in response to a point of view, argument or problem.

Recommended Books:
1. Howe, D. H, Kirkpatrick, T. A., & Kirkpatrick, D. L. (2004). Oxford
English for undergraduates. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
2. Eastwood, J. (2004). English Practice Grammar (New edition with tests and
answers). Karachi: Oxford University Press.
3. Murphy, R. (2003). Grammar in use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4. Ellen, K. 2002. Maximize Your Presentation Skills: How to Speak, Look and Act
on Your Way to the Top
5. Hargie, O. (ed.) Hand book of Communications Skills
6. Mandel, S. 2000. Effective Presentation Skills: A Practical Guide Better
Speaking

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Course Title: Introduction to Statistics and Probability

Course Code: MATH2128
Credit Hours: 3

Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
 Understand the statistical models graphically and mathematically.
 Realize the handling of data and to manipulate the data as per the requirements.
 Illustrate the averages, i.e., mean, median, mode, variance and standard deviation
etc.
 Understand the concept of basic probability and probability distribution.

Course Outline:
Preliminaries: Frequency distribution, histogram, pie-chart, multiple bar graph,
cumulative frequency curve and polygon, mean , mode, median, variance and standard
deviation, quartiles, deciles, percentiles, coefficient of variation, scatter plots,
correlation coefficient, methods of least squares, regression line, curve fitting
Probability: Sample space, event, mutually exclusive events, exhaustive events, equally
likely events, axioms of probability, tree diagram, law of complement, law of addition,
conditional probability, law of multiplication, dependent and independent events, Bayes’
formula, repeated independent trials, binomial, and normal distributions

Recommended Books:
 Lipchitz, L. Introduction to Probability and Statistics. McGraw-Hill
 Freund, J. E. Mathematical Statistics, Prentice-Hall

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Course Title: Discrete Mathematics

Course Code: MATH2123
Credit Hours: 3

Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
 Identify and apply basic concepts of set theory, arithmetic, logic, proof
techniques, binary relations, graphs and trees.
 Produce convincing arguments, conceive and/or analyze basic mathematical
proofs and discriminate between valid and unreliable arguments.
 Apply the knowledge and skills obtained to investigate and solve a variety of
discrete mathematical problems.
 Reflect on your own learning and that of peers.

Course Outline:
Combinatorics: The basics of counting, Pigeonhole principle, permutation,
combinations, recurrence relations, inclusion-exclusion principle
Elementary Logic: Logics of order zero and one, propositions and connectives, truth
tables, conditionals and bi-conditionals, quantifiers, methods of proofs, proofs involving
quantifiers.
Graph Theory: Graphs and sub-graphs, complete graphs, regular graphs, bipartite
graphs, trees, planar graphs, isomorphic graphs, paths, euler and hamilton graphs, labeled
and weighted graphs, graph coloring

Recommended books:

 Rosen, K. H. (2012). Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications. New York,

McGraw-Hill Companies.
 Ross, K. A. and Wright C. R. B. (2003). Discrete Mathematics. Englewood
Cliffs, Prentice Hall,
 Lipschutz, S. and Lipson, M. (2007). Discrete Mathematics. New York,
McGraw-Hill

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Course Title: Ordinary Differential Equations

Course Code: MATH2124
Credit Hours: 3

Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
 Find general solutions to first-order, second-order, and higher-order
homogeneous and nonhomogeneous differential equations by manual and
technology-based methods.
 Select and apply appropriate methods to solve differential equations; these
methods will include, but are not limited to, undetermined coefficients, variation
of parameters, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Laplace and inverse Laplace
transforms.

Course Outline:
Introduction to Differential Equations: Differential equation (DE), classification of
des by type, order, and linearity; solutions of des: trivial, explicit, implicit, particular,
singular, and general; introduction to initial-value and boundary-value problems,
existence of a unique solution; introduction to mathematical modeling with DEs
First-Order Differential Equations: Solutions of Separable, Homogeneous, exact, and
Linear DEs; Solutions of Bernoulli’s, Ricatti’s, and Clairaut’s DEs
Linear Differential Equations of Higher Order: nth order homogeneous linear des:
superposition principle, linear dependence, linear independence, Wronskian,
fundamental set of solutions, general solution; n th order nonhomogeneous linear des:
superposition principle, general solution; constructing a second solution from a known
solution; homogeneous linear des with constant coefficients; undetermined coefficients;
applications of second-order des; solving des.
Differential Equations with Variable Coefficients: Cauchy-Euler equation, power
series solutions, solutions about ordinary and singular points, solutions of Bessel and
Legendre equations; finding power series solutions of DEs.

Recommended Books:
 Dennis, G. Z. and Michael, R. C. (2009). Differential Equations with Boundary-
Value Problems. Cengage Learning

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Course Title: Elementary Linear Algebra

Course Code: MATH2125
Credit Hours: 3

Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
 Set up and solve systems of linear equations.
 Perform matrix operations as appropriate Evaluate determinants and use their
properties.
 Understand and use linear transformations.
 Perform LU decompositions.
 Evaluate and apply eigenvectors and eigenvalues.

Course Outline:
Vectors in Rn and Cn: Vectors in Rn, linear combination of vectors, dot (inner) product,
angle between vectors, projections, Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, Minkowski inequality,
hyperplanes, lines, vectors in R3 (Spatial Vectors), cross product, Lagrange’s identity,
solving vector problems using a computer algebra system.
Algebra of Matrices: Matrices, squares of matrices, trace, powers of matrices,
polynomials in matrices, invertible matrices, orthogonal matrix, normal matrix,
Hermitian matrix, unitary matrix, (complex) normal matrix, block matrices.
Systems of Linear Equations: System of linear equations and its solutions, equivalent
systems, elementary operations, Gaussian elimination, echelon matrices, row
equivalence, homogeneous system of linear equations, elementary matrices, LU
decomposition.
Determinants: Determinants, properties of determinants, minors and cofactors, classical
adjoint, Cramer’s rule, principal minors, block matrices and determinants.

Recommended Books:
 Lipchitz, S. and Lipson, M. (2009). Linear Algebra. New York, McGraw-Hill
 Kolman, B. (2007). Elementary Linear Algebra with Applications. Toronto,
Pearson.
 Anton, H. (2005). Elementary Linear Algebra. John Wiley & Sons