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Conversion... Units And... Derived Units-1 (2) (3) - 1
Conversion... Units And... Derived Units-1 (2) (3) - 1
The metric system is used throughout the world. It is based on metric system
a measurement system
powers of ten. The most commonly used units are millimeters,
based on powers of 10
centimeters, meters, and kilometers. The base unit of length in that includes units such
the metric system is the meter . as meter, gram, and liter
meter
Unit Abbreviation Number of Meters
a base unit in the metric
millimeter mm 0.001 m ÷ system for measuring
centimeter cm 0.01 m length
hectometer hm 100 m
kilometer km 1,000 m ×
To convert between units, multiply or divide by powers of ten.
When converting from bigger to smaller units, multiply.
When converting from smaller to larger units, divide.
1. Are you converting to a smaller unit or a 1. Are you converting to a smaller unit or a
larger unit? larger unit?
smaller
2. Do you multiply or divide? 2. Do you multiply or divide?
multiply
3. How many units are you converting? 3. How many units are you converting?
three
4. Use 103. 4. Use .
8.2 · 103 = 1.3 10 =
8.2 · 1,000 = 8,200 1.3 =
1. Are you converting to a smaller unit or 1. Are you converting to a smaller unit
a larger unit? or a larger unit?
larger
3. How many units are you converting? 3. How many units are you converting?
four
650 10 = 280,900 10 =
3,467 10 = 7,431 10 =
Step 4 Use .
80,743 10 = 80,743 =
Step 5 80,743 dm =
by 10 . by 10 .
10.75 10 = 405 10 =
Convert each measurement.
8 14.4 m = ____ mm 9 325 hm = ____ m
14.4 10 = 325 10 =
6.5 10 = 742 10 =
by 10 .
17 79 km = hm 18 489 dkm = dm
19 631 mm = m 20 568,734 dm = km
Solve.
21 RUNNING Emma ran 11 laps around the track during practice
one day. How many kilometers did Emma run during practice?
1 lap = 400m
22 SCHOOL SUPPLIES Ethan has new pencils that are each 140 mm
long. How long is each pencil in centimeters?
Vocabulary Check Write the vocabulary word that completes each sentence.
24 The is the base unit for measuring length in the metric system.
3 1.5 lbs = oz 4 1T = oz
5 5,000 cm = m 6 2 km = dkm
7 10 m = cm 8 150 mm = hm
Solve.
11 ANIMALS In a report on giraffes, Sumintra wrote that one
animal weighed 1.5. She didn’t write down the units. What
unit would be appropriate for the weight of a giraffe? How
many pounds does the giraffe weigh?
12 DISTANCE Aisha lives 2.5 km from her friend Jason. When she
walks to his house, how many meters does she have to walk?
13 MODEL CARS Jacob and Carlos had a contest to see how far their
model cars would go on one wind up. Jacob’s car went 1.6 m.
Carlos’ car went 145 cm. Whose car went farther? By how much?
genius PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Units, Dimensions and Measurement 1
Pradeep Kshetrapal
genius PHYSICS
P mg by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Units, Dimensions and Measurement 7
Note : Angle is exceptional physical quantity, which though is a ratio of two similar physical
quantities (angle = arc / radius) but still requires a unit (degrees or radians) to specify it along with
its numerical value.
K(2) Scalar (Magnitude only) : These quantities do not have any direction e.g. Length, time, work,
energy etc.
Magnitude of a physical quantity can be negative. In that case negative sign indicates that the
numerical value of the quantity under consideration is negative. It does not specify the direction.
Scalar quantities can be added or subtracted with the help of following ordinary laws of addition or
subtraction.
(3) Vector (magnitude and direction) : e.g. displacement, velocity, acceleration, force etc.
Vector physical quantities can be added or subtracted according to vector laws of addition. These laws
7
Note : magnitude
11ft vector
magnitude with direction
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Units, Dimensions and Measurement 8
There are certain physical quantities which behave neither as scalar nor as vector. For
example, moment of inertia is not a vector as by changing the sense of rotation its value is
not changed. It is also not a scalar as it has different values in different directions (i.e. about
different axes). Such physical quantities are called Tensors.
1.3 Fundamental and Derived Quantities.
(1) Fundamental quantities : A few physical quantities which are independent of all other quantities
and do not require the help of any other physical quantity for their definition, These quantities are also
called fundamental or base quantities.
Egg censer Maes Time etc
(2) Derived quantities : All other physical quantities can be derived by suitable multiplication or
division of different powers of fundamental quantities. These are therefore called derived quantities.
System of units : A complete set of units, both fundamental and derived for all kinds of physical
quantities is called system of units. The common systems are given below –
second system
centimeter gram
(1) CGS system : The system is also called Gaussian system of units. In it length, mass and time have
been chosen as the fundamental quantities .
Jeterkilogram seÉÉ
corresponding fundamental units are centimetre (cm), gram (g) and second (s) respectively.
(2) MKS system : The system is also called Giorgi system. In this system also length, mass and time
have been taken as fundamental quantities,
corresponding fundamental units are metre, kilogram and second.
(4) S. I. system : It is known as International system of units, and is infact extended system of units
applied to whole physics. There are seven fundamental quantities in this system. These quantities and their
units are given in the following table
Quantity Name of Unit Symbol
Length metre m
Mass kilogram kg
Time second s
Temperature Kelvin K
Besides the above seven fundamental units two supplementary units are also defined –
Radian (rad) for plane angle and Steradian (sr) for solid angle.
Note : Apart from fundamental and derived units we also use very frequently practical units.
These may be fundamental or derived units
e.g., light year is a practical unit (fundamental) of distance while horse power is a practical unit
(derived) of power.
Practical units may or may not belong to a system but can be expressed in any system of units
e.g., 1 mile = 1.6 km = 1.6 × 103 m.
1.5 S.I. Prefixes.
In physics we have to deal from very small (micro) to very large (macro) magnitudes as one side we
talk about the atom while on the other side of universe, e.g., the mass of an electron is 9.1 10–31 kg while
that of the sun is 2 1030 kg. To express such large or small magnitudes simultaneously we use the
following prefixes :
Power of 10 Prefix Symbol
1018 exa E
1015 peta P
1012 tera T
109 giga G
106 mega M
103 kilo k
102 hecto h
101 deca da
10–1 deci d
10–1 centi c
10–3 milli m
9
10–6 micro
Page
genius PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Units, Dimensions and Measurement 10
10–9 nano n
10–12 pico p
10–15 femto f
10–18 atto a
Since this time varies from day to day, average solar day is calculated by taking average of the duration of all
the days in a year and this is called Average Solar day.
Page
genius PHYSICS
by Pradeep Kshetrapal
Units, Dimensions and Measurement 11
Heat
S. N. Quantity Unit Dimension
(1) Temperature (T) Kelvin [M0L0T0 1]
Electricity
The base unit of capacity in the metric system is the liter . capacity
the amount of dry or
Unit Symbol Number of Liters liquid material a container
can hold
milliliter mL 0.001 L ÷
liter
centiliter cL 0.01 L a base metric unit for
deciliter dL 0.1 L measuring capacity
kiloliter kL 1,000 L ×
3 1 cL = 10 cL
Multiplying by 10
kL hL dkL L dL cL mL moves the decimal
3 0 point 1 place to
the right.
3 · 10 = 30 mL
7 1 hL = 1,000 dL
kL hL dkL L dL cL mL Dividing by 1,000
moves the decimal
0 0 0 7 point 3 places to
the left.
7 ÷ 103 = 7 ÷ 1,000 = 0.007 hL
The most commonly used units are liter and milliliter. The steps for
converting between units of capacity are the same as the steps for
converting between units of length. GO ON
Example 1 YOUR TURN!
1. Are you converting to a smaller unit or 1. Are you converting to a smaller unit or
a larger unit? smaller
a larger unit?
2. Do you multiply or divide? multiply 2. Do you multiply or divide?
3. How many units are you converting? 3. How many units are you converting?
three
1. Are you converting to a smaller unit or 1. Are you converting to a smaller unit or
a larger unit? larger
a larger unit?
2. Do you multiply or divide? divide 2. Do you multiply or divide?
3. How many units are you converting? 3. How many units are you converting?
five
4. Use 105. 4. Use .
5,813 ÷ 105 = 5,813 ÷ 100,000 360 10 = 360
= 0.05813 =
5,813 cL = 0.05813 kL 360 mL =
Guided Practice
Convert each measurement.
1 437 hL = ____ cL 2 175 dkL = ____ L
Step 5 7,450 cL =
by 10 . by 10 .
384 10 = 24,500 10 =
by 10 .
9 9.62 cL = hL 10 86 hL = L
11 5,000 kL = L 12 4 mL = cL
13 76,500 dkL = cL 14 6 hL = mL
Solve.
15 TRUCKING Brock is a truck driver. He used 2,500 liters
of gas on his last trip. How many kiloliters of gas did he use?
Vocabulary Check Write the vocabulary word that completes each sentence.
18 A(n) is the base metric unit for measuring capacity.
is the .
The most commonly used units for mass are the milligram, gram,
and kilogram.
Example 1 YOUR TURN!
1. Are you converting to a smaller unit or 1. Are you converting to a smaller unit or
a larger unit? smaller
a larger unit?
2. Do you multiply or divide? multiply 2. Do you multiply or divide?
3. How many units are you converting? 3. How many units are you converting?
five
4. Use 105. 4. Use .
1.7 · 105 = 5,662 10 =
1.7 · 100,000 = 170,000 5,662 =
1.7 kg = 170,000 cg 5,662 g =
1. Are you converting to a smaller unit or 1. Are you converting to a smaller unit or
a larger unit? larger
a larger unit?
2. Do you multiply or divide? divide 2. Do you multiply or divide?
3. How many units are you converting? 3. How many units are you converting?
three
4. Use 103. 4. Use .
483 ÷ 103 = 3,601.4 10 =
483 ÷ 1,000 = 0.483 3,601.4 =
483 cg = 0.483 dkg 3,6014 mg =
Guided Practice
Convert each measurement.
1 4,324 cg = ____ g 2 6.8 dkg = ____ hg
4,324 10 = 6.8 10 =
Step by Step Practice
Step 4 Use .
345,000 10 = 345,000 =
Step 5 345,000 g =
by 10 . by 10 .
640 10 = 3.4 10 =
200 mg · =
Step 5 Simplify. A= ( )=
16 mm
8 ft
A= A=
The board is a .
A=
Check off each step.
1000am 1000mL I
1 ml = 1 g
mass 9
Chapter
3 4 kL = liters 4 16 hL = cL
5 12 g = kg 6 11 hg = g
7 150 kg = dg 8 19 dL = hL
11 12 85 yd
13 yd
30 in. 32 in.
84 yd
36 in.
Solve.
13 GROCERIES Mehlia bought 6,804 g of fruit at the grocery.
How many kilograms of fruit did she buy?
5 Chapter Test
Convert each measurement.
1 1 km = hm 2 1 kg =10 3 1 kL =10
1 hm = dkm 1 hg = 10 1 hL = dkL
1 dkm = m 1 dkg = 10 1 = 10
1m= dm 1 g = 10 1 L = 10
1 dm = cm 1 dg = 10 1 dL = cL
1 cm = mm 1 cg = 10 1 = 10 mL
4 15 dkL = mL 5 4,120 g = kg
kL hL dkL L dL cL mL kg hg dkg g dg cg mg
10 16 c = fl oz 11 5 mi = ft
12 72 oz = lb 13 6.7 g = mg
14 800 L = cL 15 328 mm = m
Which are the basic units in the metric system?
LENGTH metre m
MASS gram g
CAPACITY litre L
Note: you can write meter or metre, liter or litre; it depends if it is American or British English.
Work in groups to find objects you can measure with these units:
a) metre: a table, _________________________________________
b) gram: sugar pot, ____________________________________________
For multiples and submultiples we use prefixes that multiply or divide the basic unit by
powers of 10
Meanings of metric prefixes:
Kilo- 1000 = 103
Basic unit
How long is your pencil? Measure it using a ruler from one end to another.
It is about 12 cm long.
The basic unit of length is the metre. Multiples and submultiples are:
MultIples Submultiples
How many dm, cm and mm are in one metre? 1 m = 10 dm, 100 dm and 1000 mm
Exercise:
1.Choose the most appropriate unit – km, m, cm, mm – to measure:
a) a pen b) a stamp c) a building d) the distance from London to Oxford e) an eraser
2. Choose the most reasonable measurement:
1. Width of your hand a) 95 mm b) 9,5 dm c) 95 cm
2. Height of an adult a) 163 mm b) 1.63 m c) 1630 cm
3. Length of a pair of scissors a) 20 cm b) 2000 mm c) 2 m
1. LENGTH
Measurements of 1 dimension
To change LARGER UNITS TO SMALLER UNITS, multiply by 10 for every place
moved to the right.
To change SMALLER UNITS TO LARGER UNITS, divide by 10 for every place moved
to the left.
For example change 50 cm to mm. 50 x 10 (1 place to the right) = 500 mm.
cm (larger) mm (smaller)
700dm to m 70 : 100 (2 places to the left) = 0,7 m
dm (smaller) m (larger)
Exercise:
Complete: a) 1,2 km =_______m b) 4 m = _____ cm c) 25 cm = ______m
d) 0,5 dm= _______mm e) 2 dam = _____km f) 1550 mm = _____________hm
D) Draw a tree of 40 mm tall E) Draw an envelope of 5cm of length and 35mm width
GAME: Students propose similar dictations in groups or to the whole class as a BINGO.
EXERCISES 2 How tall are you? (materials needed: ruler and tape measure)
Divide the class in groups of 4 or 5 students. Who is the tallest of the group? Who is the
smallest of the group? Use a tape measure and show your answers with a drawing.
In my group the tallest is David. He is 1,56 m tall and the shortest is Lucas. He is
1,35 m tall.
Lucas 1,35 m tall
David
1,56 m tall
Express the measurements in dm, cm, mm.
2. MASS
What units of mass do we use to express their weight? Tons, kilograms, grams
Mass is a measurement of how heavy something is.
Multiples Submultiples
- A paper clip has a mass of about 1 g - A grain of salt has a mass of about 1 mg
We use also “quintal” (q) for 100 kg. Search on Internet other units of mass in Spain: like
arroba, fanega…
Exercise: Choose one of these units (g, mg, kg, t) to express the mass of:
a) a bag of potatoes b) a box of cereal c) a feather d) a hamster e) a lorry
To convert one unit to another proceed as in length: count the number of places and
multiply or divide by powers of 10.
Example: 150g to kg there are 3 places to the left, so divide by 1000 150:1000= 0,150kg
150g to mg there are 3 places to the right, so multiply by 1000 150 x 1000 = 150 000 mg
Exercise: compare, write <, =, or > a) 754 kg _____754 000g b)876 hg____8.96 kg
kg hg dag g dg cg mg
324,54 g
910 dag
2t
weight
To calculate the body mass index we use this formula:
height 2
Use a bathroom scale to measure your weight and a tape measure to measure your height,
then divide the weight by the square of your height.
47 47
Paula weight 47 kg = = 20,346 20,35
1,52 2 2,31
Height 1,52 m to know more visit:
http://www.nhlbisupport.com/bmi/bmi-m.htm
School bag
Sandwich
Biscuits
2. MASS
What units of mass do we use to express their weight? Tons, kilograms, grams
1 ton = 1000 kg. We use also quintal (q) for 100 kg.
3. CAPACITY
It’s the amount of liquid a container can hold. (Also volume) We should drink 2
litres of water per day. If we have glasses of ml. How many glasses will we
fill?
To measure how much a container can hold we use the units of capacity
3. CAPACITY
It’s the amount of liquid a container can hold. (Also volume)
We should drink 2 litres of water per day. If we have glasses of 200
ml. How many glasses will we fill?
2 litres = 2000 ml 2000 : 200 = 10 glasses of water.
To measure how much a container can hold we use the units of capacity:
Multiples Submultiples
To convert one unit to another: count the number of places and multiply or divide by
powers of 10.
Covert 2 L to KL = 3 places to the left Divide by 10 raised to 3 2 : 103 = 0,002 kL
How much liquid can they hold? Express it in different units and show on a table.
Item L kL mL cL
A bottle of bleach
A bottle of shampoo
A can of coke
A brick of juice
Solve them in groups and invent similar ones to your class group.
-To convert between units of area,
multiply or divide by squares of
powers of ten
When converting from bigger to smaller units,
multiply.
Length and width and multiply them: 2m long x 1,20 m wide = 2,40 m2
The basic unit of surface in the metric system is the squared metre, and it is the area
of a square of 1 m of side: 1 m2
Units of surface: Multiples and submultiples are:
Multiples Submultiples
To convert units of surface we multiply or divide by 100 for each place it depends on if we
move to the right or to the left. For example to change 2 hm2 to m2, as we change from a
greater to a lowest we multiply by 100 as many times as places. Since we move 2 places to
the right from hm2 to m2 we should multiply by 10 000 = 2 x 10 000 = 20 000 m2.
Example: A table is 120 cm long and 70 cm wide.
Its area is 120 x 70 = 8400 cm2 = 8400 : 100 00= 0,84 m2
Área and hectárea
en español. ¿y
Other units for large surfaces: area 1(a) = 100 m2 fanega?
7 70000
0,0025
To convert between units of volume,
multiply or divide by cube of powers of ten
When converting from bigger to smaller units, multiply. . .
When converting from smaller to larger units, divide.
2.1 PRACTICES of surface
Ruler
Math book
Classroom
Paper sheet
Multiples Submultiples
To convert units of volume we multiply or divide by 1000 for each place it depends on if
we move to the right or to the left. For example to change 2 hm3 to m3, as we change from
a greater to a lowest we multiply by 1000 as many times as places. Since we move 2 places
to the right from hm3 to m3 we should multiply by 1000 000 = 2 x 1000 000 = 2000 000
m3.
Example: An object has a volume of 245 cm3, how many dm3 ? and mm3?
245 : 1000 = 0,245 dm3 245 x 1000 = 245 000 mm3
Exercise:
Express in m3 the following volume: a) 0,4 hm3 b) 0,0032 dm3 c) 24 dm3
Metric units of volume, capacity and mass are related to one another in this way:
A cube of 1 dm of side holds 1 litre of water and has a mass of 1 kg (Only for water o
similar liquids density, for example not for honey)
1 dm3 = 1L of water = 1 kg
Exercise: How many litres are in 3 m3?
1st we convert m3 to dm3 3 x 1000 = 3000 dm3 = 3000 L
Solved problem: A child wants to fill a 500 cm3 bucket. How many litres of water does he
need to fill it?
500cm3 dm3 1 place to the left, so divide by 1000 = 0,500 dm3 = 0,5 L what is half a
litre or 500 mL
2. On this signpost, the distance to Madrid is given as 9 miles. Show the distance in km.
Madrid 9
Airport
Freezing point of 0 oC 32 o F
water
5 5
To convert o F to o C (oF – 32) = Example 78oF (78 – 32) = 25,5 o C
9 9
Twenty-five point five degrees Celsius or Centigrade
9 9
To convert o C to o F o
C+ 32 = Example 32 o C 32 x +32 = 89,6 o F
5 5
Eighty-nine point 6 degrees Fahrenheit
Why the fraction 5/9 and 9/5? The difference between the freezing point and the boiling
point in Fahrenheit is 212 – 32 = 180, in Celsius is 100 – 0 = 100. The proportion is
o 180 9 100 5
C to o F = = + 32 if we reduce it. And o F to o C = = – 32
100 5 180 9
Converting practices and reading temperatures: http://www.mathdrills.com/measurement.shtml
Solve these problems and convert the degrees to Celsius. Invent similar ones for the class.
1. The pool water temperature at 9 a.m. was 62 oF, but by 6 p.m. the temperature was 70
o
F, How much has the temperature risen?
2. When Susan was sick, the temperature was 38,8 o C. After she recovered, her
temperature was 36,5 o C. How much has her temperature dropped?