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Producão de Drogas Vegetais PDF
Producão de Drogas Vegetais PDF
Disciplina de Farmacognsia I
Etapa importante
PRODUÇÃO DA MATÉRIA-PRIMA VEGETAL
3
Problemas relacionados
as plantas e drogas vegetais
• Seleção
• Cultura ou cultivo
• Colheita ou Coleta
• Preparo ou tratamento
• Estabilização
• Secagem
• Conservação
• Embalagem
• Tempo de armazenamento
Cultura
• Clima - 3 a 30 graus
• Altitude Pq afeta a pressão atmosferica e a temperatura. Ex. Coca planta
Climate change profoundly influences the geospatial distribution of secondary metabolites and causes
the geographical migration of plants. We planted seedlings of the same species in eighteen ecological
regions along a latitudinal gradient in eastern and western China, in order to explore the regulation of
multi-climatic factors on active ingredient accumulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. The correlations
between six active ingredient contents and ten climatic factors were investigated to clarify their
relationships. We found that climatic factors not only regulated active ingredient contents but also
markedly influenced their composition and led to a specific geospatial distribution of these active
ingredients in China. The main climatic factors include the air temperature, precipitation, atmospheric
vapour pressure and sunshine duration. Future warming in high-latitude regions could cause continued
northward expansion of planting areas suitable for S. miltiorrhiza. The effect of extreme climatic
conditions on active ingredients should not be overlooked. The findings of this study can help farmers
7
scientifically choose suitable cultivation regions in the future. Furthermore, this study provides an
Related climatic factors. Data on annual c
Data Sharing Service System27 and Provincial Agr
transplanted in an approximately 1000 square metre region at every site. We collected
factors50included
individual samples
annual withhigh temperature
extreme
the scientific method at each site, divided them into five test samples on average ric pressure (AABP), annualand
(n = 10 within two year), average wind speed
removed the rhizome. Fresh root samples were rapidly cleaned with flowing water, vapourdried in a (AAVP),
pressure ventilated area, average relative h
annual
heated in a stove at a constant temperature of 50 °C, and then crushed into a fine annual
powderaccumulated
that could pass through above 10 °C (AA
temperature
65 mesh. 2013 (Table 2). Climate factors were averaged over
Voucher specimens from all populations were identified by Professor Yuejin Zhang of Northwest A&F
University through comparison with herbarium specimens of S. miltiorrhiza located Chromatographic detection
at Northwest Agriculture & analysis by re
Forestry University (WUK381982-5143). The seedlings were obtained from the phy Good (RP-HPLC). RA, SAB,
Agriculture Practice DTS, CTS, TSI, and
pro-
duction base belonging to Shaanxi Tasly Plant Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (ShangluoThe sum
City, of RAProvince,
Shaanxi and SAB China),
defined the total phenolic
which has been authenticated three times by China’s Food and Drug Administration. total tanshinone (TTS). The effectiveness, linearit
were confirmed to be sufficient. The results of ch
Related climatic factors. Data on annual climatic factors were obtained Pharmacy Engineering
from the China (Northwest Agriculture &
Meteorological
Data Sharing Service System and Provincial Agricultural Meteorological Service Center. The 10 main climatic
27
Results 8
Geospatial distribution characteristics of tanshinones. The active ingredient contents of S. miltio-
17 KM 30.9 862 809 2.8 15.1 12.6 70.8 11.5 5,320 2,354
18 WS 31.8 923 844 3.5 16.4 14.4 Related
77.6 climatic
12.8 5,780factors.
2,050 Data on annual clim
Data Sharing Service System27 and Provincial Agricu
Table 2. Climatic factors examined in this study. Data were obtained factors
from theincluded annual extreme
China Meteorological Data high temperature (A
ric pressure
Sharing Service System and Provincial Agricultural Meteorological Service (AABP), annual
Center. Abbreviations: AEHT-average wind speed (A
vapour pressure (AAVP),
annual extreme high temperature, AP-annual precipitation, AABP-annual average barometric pressure, annual average relative hum
AAWS-
annualaverage
annual average wind speed, AAT-annual average temperature, AAVP-annual accumulated
atmospherictemperature
vapour above 10 °C (AAT
2013 (Table
pressure, AARH-annual average atmospheric relative humidity, AALT-annual 2).lowest
average Climate factors were averaged over tw
temperature,
ACT ≥ 10-annual cumulative temperature above 10 °C, ASD-annual sunshine duration.
Chromatographic detection analysis by reve
phy (RP-HPLC). RA, SAB, DTS, CTS, TSI, and TS
The sum of RA and SAB defined the total phenolic a
total tanshinone (TTS). The effectiveness, linearity,
were confirmed to be sufficient. The results of chro
Pharmacy Engineering (Northwest Agriculture & Fo
Results
Geospatial
Figure 2. Active ingredient contents of S. miltiorrhiza in the eastern sites. distribution
The SAB content is presented characteristics
on the of ta
right Y axis, and the other ingredient contents are presented on the leftrrhiza
Y axis. grown
For eachin
location, values with
the 18 test sites are shown in Figs 2
different letters are significantly different according to Duncan’s test (Peastern
< 0.05), n = 10,
and mean ± sites.
western SD. This figure
The change in single-com
was created using OriginPro 8 software. RA-rosmarinic acid, SAB-salvianolic acid B, DTS-dihydrotanshinone,
CTS-cryptotanshinone, TSI-tanshinone I, TSIIA-tanshinone IIA. component contents. With a decrease in latitude, the
a single peak in the western sites. Although the vari
western sites, the average TTS content was similar be
titude and mid-latitude sites were evidently higher th
In addition, the TPA/TTS proportion generally increased with increasing ASD in the eastern and western
sites, especially in the western sites. The TPA/TTS proportion decreased with an increase in air temperature
and the AAVP. The TPA/TTS proportion showed a significant negative correlation with the AEHT and AALT
(P < 0.05) in the eastern sites and with the AAVP, AARH, and AABP (P < 0.05) in the western sites. The TPA/TTS
proportion increased with latitudeSCIENTIFIC REPORTS
and elevation |
(Fig. 7). These (2019) 9:904 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-36729-x
results indicated that the TPA/TTS proportion
would increase under low-temperature stress, water stress, or an excessive ASD.
Stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) analysis. SMLR has been applied to identify the best 9
prediction model in many studies. The standardized regression coefficient reveals the significance of an individ-
Colheita ou Coleta
MANUAL MECANIZADA
Pesquisa
Colheita é mecanizada
• Idade da planta Planta velha não pode a não ser a camelia serenses outra.
• Estado patológico
• Período do dia em que é feita a
coletaTem que ser ao amanhecer, não pode coletar meio dia
• Época da coleta
Coleta
Oliveira, 2001
PROPORÇÃO PERCENTUAL RELATIVA ENTRE
ESCOPOLAMINA E ATROPINA
NAS FRAÇÕES DE ALCALÓIDES TOTAIS.
Tab. 2.5 - Variação alcaloídica de Datura suaveolens Humboldt et Bonpland durante um ano.
13
13
Preparo ou tratamento
• Lavagem
• Seleção
NÃO UTILIZAR
- Exemplares com manchas
- Perfurados por insetos
- Com terra
- Fora do padrão
Estabilização
Quando for secar a planta depois do periodo estabelecido, tem que fazer a estabilização até a secagem
Agentes % de umidade
Bactérias 40 a 45
Enzimas 20 a 25
Fungos 15 a 20
• Processos naturais
- Secagem á sombra
- Secagem ao sol
- Secagem mista
• Processos artificiais
- Circulação de ar
- Aquecimento
- Vácuo
- Esfriamento
Processos naturais
• Secagem à sombra
- Processo lento
- Pode facilitar a decomposição da droga
- Presença de enzimas
Processos naturais
• Secagem ao sol
- Processo rápido
- Cuidar: componentes voláteis ou princípios
termolábeis
• Secagem mista
- Diminui o tempo de secagem sem alterar o teor
de princípios ativos
Processos artificiais
*Ambiente
*Estado de divisão
*Embalagem
*Tempo de armazenamento
Ambiente
• Alvenaria com bom arejamento
• Janelas e portas programadas para
impedir a entrada de insetos e
roedores
• Iluminação pouco intensa
• Temperatura ideal: 5-15°C
Estado de divisão
• Reduz o material vegetal a
fragmentos de pequenas dimensões
• Quanto mais dividida a droga:
- Absorção de mais umidade
- Aceleração de processos oxidativos
- Perda de substâncias voláteis
Embalagem
• Depende da droga
• Deve permitir trocas gasosas
• Não pode reagir com as substâncias
contidas na droga
- Óleos voláteis e óleo fixos reagem
com embalagens plásticas
Embalagem
• Drogas que se deterioram com
facilidade
- Digitalis e Esporão do Centeio
- Embaladas em latas
• Gomas, resinas e extratos
- Barris ou caixas
Embalagem
• Em farmácias e laboratórios pequenos:
frascos de vidro âmbar hermeticamente
fechados
• F. Bras. IV: as drogas devem ser
acondicionadas em recipiente de vidro
bem fechado ao abrigo da luz e do calor,
por período não superior a 1 ano,
dependendo da droga
Tempo de armazenamento
• Máximo por um 1 ano
• Exceção: Cáscara-sagrada
• Armazenada por 1 ano ou aquecimento à
100°C por 1-2 h
• Redução do teor de antronas irritação
da mucosa gástrica, vômitos, cólicas e
diarreia sanguinolenta