ლექცია მომზადებულია სხვადასხვა ავტორის ნაშრომებისა და საერთაშორისო

სასამართლოს გადაწყვეტილებების საფუძველზე

leqtori: eka siraZe

saerTaSoriso samarTlis wyaroebi

saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos (ICJ) statutis 38-e muxli adgens:

1. sasamarTlom, romlis funqciac aris masSi Setanili dava

gadawyvitos saerTaSoriso samarTlis Tanaxmad, unda gamoiyenos:
a. saerTaSoriso konvenciebi, zogadi Tu kerZo, romelic
adgens monawile mxareebis mier pirdapir aRiarebul wesebs;1
b. saerTaSoriso Cveuleba, rogorc kanonad aRiarebuli
zogadi praqtikis mtkicebuleba;
g. civilizirebuli erebis mier aRiarebuli samarTlis
zogadi principebi;
d. 59-e muxlis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebi
da sxvadasxva erebis maRalkvalificiuri mecnierebis swavlebebi,
rogorc samarTlebrivi normis damdgeni damxmare saSualeba.

saerTaSoriso Cveuleba

rogorc mravali avtori acxadebს, Cveuleba aris

saerTaSoriso samarTlis uZvelesi da upirvelesi wyaro.
YCveuleba saerTaSoriso samarTalSi aris praqtika, romelsac
misdeven qveynebi, radgan samarTlebrivad Tvlian valdebulad Tavs
moiqcen amgavrad. saerTaSoriso CveulebiTi samarTlis norma
gansxvavdeba zogadi praqtikisagan, romelic ar atarebs
samarTlebrivad savaldebulo xasiaTs. saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom
`TavSesafris~ saqmeSi (Asylum case) (kolumbia vs. peru) Cveuleba
ganmarta, rogorc ucvleli da erTgvarovani tradicia, aRairebuli
rogorc kanoni, anu saxelmwifoTa praqtikis is nawili, romelic
warmoiSva saxelmwifoTa rwmeniT, rom aseTi qceva maTTvis
kanoniTaa savaldebulo.
analogiurad, `kontinenturi Selfis~ saqmeSi (libiis
arabuli jamaharia vs. malta), saerTaSorios sasamrTlom gaixsena,
rom `saerTaSoriso CveulebiTi samarTlis gasarkvevad unda iqnas
Seswavlili saxelmwifoTa realuri praqtika da opinio juris~. am
ganmartebebidan naTelia, rom saerTaSoriso CveulebiTi samarTali
Sedgeba ori ZiriTadi elementisagan: praqtika (materialuri) da
opinio juris (fsiqologiuri). swored es elementebi gvaZlevs

1
არ არის ცალკე განხილული ქვემოთ, რამდენადაც ცალკე შეისწავლება
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saSualebas erTmaneTisagan ganvasxvavoT CveulebiTi samarTlis

norma da ubralo tradicia an Cveva, anu qmedeba romelic SeiZleba
ganxorcieldes zrdilobis, megobrobis an sxva mosazrebis
gaTvalsiwinebiT da ara imitom rom saxelmwifoebi kanonis ZaliT
Tvlian Tavs valdebulad ase moiqcnen.
am ori elementis kombinaciiT CveulebiTi samarTlis normis
Camoyalibebis kargi magaliTia kontinenturi Selfis, rogorc
samarTlebrivi koncefciis Seqmna e.w. `trumanis gancxadebis~
Semdeg. mravalma saxelmwifom dauWira mxari SeerTebuli Statebis
moTxovnas misi sanapiros mimdebare zRvis fskeris resursebze
sakuTrebis gamocxadebis Sesaxeb. Saxelmwifoთa moTxovnების
simravlem imasTan erTad, rom arsebobda mtkice rwmena, rom
moTxovna Seesabameboda saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebs 1950-ian
wlebSi xeli Seuwyo CveulebiTi samarTlis axali normis
Camoyaliebabs. ufro metiც, 1958 wels xeli moewera Jenevis
konvenცias kontinenturi Selfis Sesaxeb, xolo 1969 wels
CrdiloeTi zRvis kontinenturi Selfis saqmeებSi saerTaSoriso
sasamarTlom konvenciis muxlebi resursebze sakuTrebis uflebis
Sesaxeb gamoacxada, rogorc CveulebiTi samarTlis norma.

materialuri elementi ukavSirdeba saxelmwifoTa zogad

praqtikas, rac moicavs xelSekrulebebs, kanonmdeblobas,
diplomatiur mimowerasa da sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebs.
imisTvis, rom saxelmwifoTa praqtikam safuZveli Cauyaros
CveulebiTi samarTlis normas mas unda axasiaTebdes:
erTgvarovneba, Tanmimdevruloba da zogadi xasiaTi.

moqmedebis xangrZlivoba. praqtika xangrZlivi da

farTomasStabiani unda iyos, Tumca es ar gulixsmobs
gansazRvruli drois konkretuli monakveTis arsebobas.

praqtikis erTgvarovneba da Tanmimdevruloba. am sakiTxTan

dakavSirebiT sasamarTloebs aqvT momqedebis Tavisufleba. sruli
erTgavrovneba ar moiTxoveba, magram arsebiTi erTgvarovneba
namdvilad saWiroa (ix. Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries case (1951), Asylum case
(1950)).

praqtikis zogadi, saerTo xasiaTi. es elementi ukavSirdeba

praqtikis Tanmimdevrulobas. praqtikis universaluroba saWiro ar
aris, magram mas zogadi xasiaTi unda hqondes. am dros
mniSvnelovania aqtiuri protestidan Tavis Semkavebeli qveynebis
poziciis swored gansazRvra. (Fisheries Jurisdiction case (1974)).

fsiqologiuri elementi anu opinio juris. praqtikam safuZveli

rom daudos CveulebiTi saamrTlis normas, mas aucileblad unda
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axldes fsiqoligiuri elementi, anu opinio juris. saerTaSoriso

sasamarTloebi rogorc wesi iTxoven saxelmwifoTa praqtikasTan
erTad opinio juris-is arsebobis mtkicebulebas (ix. North Sea Continental
Shelf cases (1969), Nicaragua case (1981), Lotus case (1950), Asylum case
(1951), Nuclear Weapons Advisory Opinion (1996)).
rogorc CerCili da lo aRniSnaven TavianT naSromSi
`CveulebiTi samarTali moiTxovs mxolod praqtikis opinio juris-Tan
kavSirs~.
opinio juris gamoxatavs saxelmwifoTa rwmenas, rom maT mier
ganxorcielebuli qmedeba kanonis Sesabamisia da savaldebulo iyo,
anu misi ar Sesruleba an darRveva gamoiwvevs saerTaSoriso
samarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas. imisTvis, rom praqtika
gadaizardos CveulebiTi samarTlis normaSi, mas unda axldes
gancxadebebi imis თaobaze, rom calkeuli qmedeba daSvebulia,
moTxovnilia an akrZalulia saerTaSoრისო samarTlis mier.
CveulebiTi samarTlis norma SeiZleba ჩamoyalibdes
xelSekrulebebis meSveobiT, Tu saxelmwifoTa praqtikas Tan
axlavs opinio juris. aseT dros, xelSekrulebis CveulebiTi samarTlis
normebad qceuli debulebebi savaldebulo xdeba Sesasruleblad
araწევრი saxelmwifoebisTvisac.
saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom mravali saqmis ganxilvis dros
mimarTa opinio juris-is cnebas. amiT kidev erTxel daadastura am
elementis aucilebeli arseboba CveulebiTi samarTlis normis
Camoyalibebis procesSi.
CveulebiTi samarTlis normebi savaldebuloa yvela
qveynisaTvis. im qveynebisTvisac ki, romlebic warmoiSva am normis
Camoyalibebis Semdeg. gamonaklisi SeiZleba iyos mxolod iseTi
saxelmwifoebi, romlebic normis CamoyalibebisTanave
Tanmimdevrulad aprotestebdnen (consistently objected) mis
savaldebulo xasiaTs. am dros gansakuTrebuli mdgomareobis
mtkicebis tvirTi awevs Tanmimdevrul gamaprotestebel
saxelmwifos (persistent objector). (ix. Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries case
(1951)).

samarTlis zogadi principebi

im SemTxvevaSi Tu saerTaSoriso sasamarTlo uZluria saqme

gadawyvios xelSekrulebebis an CveulebiTi samarTlis normebis
safuZvelze igi iyenebs samarTlis zogad prnicipebs, rac moicavs
municipaluri samarTlis zogad principebs.
marTalia sasamarTlo arc ise xSirad iyenebs samarTlis
zogad principebs, rogorc samarTlis wyaros (ix. Nicaragua case
(1981), Corfu Channel case (1949)), magram Tavisi mniSvnelobiT,
samarTlis zogadi principebi aRiarebuli იყო saerTaSoriso
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samarTlis ZiriTad wyarod da arა damxmare wyaroebTan. misi

umniSvnelovanesi principi, romelic gamoiyeneba sasamarTlos mier
aris keTilsindisirebis principi (principle of good faith).

sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebi da mecnierTa swavlebebi

rogorc municipaluri ise saerTaSoriso sasamarTlebis

gadawyvetilebebi da maRalkvalificieuri mecnirebebis swavlebebi
SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos mier,
rogorc saerTaSoriso samarTlis damatebiTi wyaro. Tumca,
sasamarTlo ufro xSirad sakuTar da municipaluri
sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebebs iyenebs. xolo rac Seexeba
mecnierTa naSromebs, maT ufro xSirad saxelmwifoebi iyeneben
sakuTari sarCelis dasabuTebisaTvis.

saerTaSoriso organizaciebis rezoluciebi

es aris wyaro, romelic ar arიs pirdapir mocemuli statutes

38-e muxlSi, magram rogorc mravali mecnieri miuTiTebs,
saerთaSoრისო organizaciebis, da gansakuTrebiT gaeros,
rezoluciebi da Tavad am rezoluciebis miRebis procesi, iTvleba
noramSemoqmedebiT procesad da Sesabamisad miiCneva saerTaSoriso
samarTlis axal wyarod.

wyaroebi

1. Villiger M.E. Customary International Law and Treaties. Second edition.

2. Brownlie I. Principles of Public International Law (fifth edition). Oxford, 1998
3. Churchill R. R. & Lowe A. V. The law of the sea (third edition).
4. Jennings R. and Watts A. Oppenheim’s International Law (ninth edition).
5. Attard D. J. The Exclusive Economic Zone in International Law. Oxford, 1987.
6. Akehurst The modern introduction to international law (sixth edition). 1987
7. Hariss D. J. Cases and Materials of International Law.
8. Lotus case (France vs. Turkey) IPCJ
9. Corfu Channel case (UK vs. Albania), 1948, ICJ
10. Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries case (UK vs. Norway), 1951 ICJ
11. Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company, Limited (Belgium v. Spain), ICJ
1962
12. Asylum Case (Columbia vs. Peru)
13. North Sea Continental Shelf Cases (Denmark v. FRG; The Netherlands v. FRG).
1969, ICJ.
14. Continental Shelf Delimitation case (Libya vs. Malta), 1985 ICJ
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15. Nicaragua case (Military and Paramilitary activities in and against Nicaragua) (Nicaragua vs.
USA), 1984, ICJ