GENERAL

MATHEMATICS
CONCEPT OF FUNCTION
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Define relation and function.

• Represents function.
• Function Notation.
• Different representations of
function.
 RELATION?
It is any set of ordered
pairs (x,y)
 Determine the Relation
x y x y
 FUNCTION?
It is a type of relation
where there is exactly
one output for every
input.
 Which of the ff is/are function?
FUNCTION NOT FUNCTION

FUNCTION NOT FUNCTION

For every x there is exactly one y.

 FUNCTION is a type of relation where
there is exactly one output for every input.
x y
A
DOMAIN is the RANGE is the set
set of inputs. of outputs.

D = {1,2,3,4} R = {3,4,5,6}

Ordered Pairs
A = { (1,3), (2,4), (3,5), (4,6) }
 FUNCTION is a type of relation where
there is exactly one output for every input.
x y
B
DOMAIN is the RANGE is the
set of inputs. set of outputs.

D = {0,1,2,-2} R = {0,1,4}

Ordered Pairs
B = { (0,0), (1,1), (2,4), (-2,4) }
Determining a function using Correspondence

Function
one to one correspondence
many to one correspondence

Relation only
one to many correspondence
many to many correspondence
 REMEMBER!
All FUNCTIONS are relations.

But not all RELATIONS are

functions.
 Function Notation
❑Functions are described by using formulas
or function notations.

❑The domain stands as the set of inputs

and range as the set of outputs is function
of f. This is a function notation f(x) read as
“f of x”.
𝒇(𝒙) read as “f of x”
 Different Representations of Function
1. Ordered Pairs {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (5,5)}

2. Equations 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 or y = 2x + 1

3. Table of Values

4. Graphs
Determine whether the equation is a function.

y= x x= y

x y input output x y input output

-2 2 -2 0 2 -2 0 -2
-1 1 -1 1 -1 -1
0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2

Function Not a Function

(many to one) (one to many)
ACTIVITY
Tell whether the relation below is a function or not.
1) input output 3) y
0
1 x
Not a
5 Function
2 Function
3
2) x y 4) input output
-3 -1 -2 3
-3 0 4
Not a -1 Not a
-3 1 Function 5
0 Function
-3 2 6
VERTICAL LINE TEST
If you draw a vertical line, the graph represents a
function if and only if it intersects at exactly (at most)
one point.
 Vertical Line Test - Functions
y y y y

x x x x

Function Function Not a Function

Function
y y y y

x x x x

Not a Function Not a Not a

Function Function Function
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Evaluate function.
• Even and Odd Function.
 EVALUATING FUNCTIONS

To find the value of 𝑓(𝑥) for a

given value of x is by
substituting to the given
equation.
 Evaluating Function
✓ substitute every x (independent variable) in the
function rule y = f(x) (dependent variable) with the
given replacement value, then simplify the
resulting numerical expression.
Evaluating Function
x -3 0 2 5
f(x) or y

So utions: if x = -3 if x = 0
Evaluating Function
x -3 0 2 5
f(x) or y -12 9

So utions: if x = 2 if x = 5
Evaluating Function

x = -x x = x+1

𝒇( 𝟐) = 𝟑( 𝟐) − 𝟓
= 𝟑( 𝟐) − 𝟓

𝒇( 𝟐) = 𝟑 𝟐 − 𝟓
Answer the
following
EXAMPLES
1. f(x) = x - 3 if x = 10, -5

Solution:
f(x) = x - 3 if x = 10
f(10) = 10 – 3
f(10) = 7

f(x) = x - 3 if x = -5
f(-5) = (-5) – 3
f(-5) = - 8
2. f(x) = 2x - 3 if x = -1, 0

Solution:
f(x) = 2x - 3 if x = -1
f(-1) = 2(-1) – 3
f(-1) = (-2) – 3
f(-1) = - 5
f(x) = 2x -3 if x = 0
f(0) = 2(0) – 3
f(0) = - 3
3. f(x) = x2 if x = (x+3)

Solution:
f(x) = x2 if x = (x+3)
f(x+3) = (x+3)2
f(x+3) = (x+3) (x+3)
f(x+3) = x2 + 6x + 9
4. f(x) = x2 + 3 if x = (x+1)

Solution:
f(x) = x2 + 3 if x = (x+1)
f(x+1) = (x+1)2 + 3
f(x+1) = (x+1) (x+1) + 3
f(x+1) = (x2 + 2x + 1) + 3
f(x+1) = x2 + 2x + 4
Even and
Odd
Function
Even Function Odd Function
Illustrative examples
Identify whether the functions given are even, odd
or neither.

1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 2
2. 𝑓 𝑥 = 4𝑥 3 − 𝑥
3. 𝑓 𝑥 = 7𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 3
Illustrative examples

1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 2

𝑓 −𝑥 = (−𝑥)2 − 2
𝑓 −𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 2

*Since f(x)=f(-x), then it is even function.

Illustrative examples
2. 𝑓 𝑥 = 4𝑥 3 − 𝑥

𝑓 −𝑥 = 4(−𝑥)3 − (−𝑥)
= −4𝑥 3 + 𝑥
𝑓 −𝑥 = −(4𝑥 3 − 3)

*Since f(x) = -f(-x), then it is odd function.

Illustrative examples

3. 𝑓 𝑥 = 7𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 3

𝑓 −𝑥 = 7(−𝑥)2 + (−𝑥) − 3
𝑓 −𝑥 = 7𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3
𝑓 𝑥 = −(−7𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 3)

*The function is neither even nor odd.