Chapter 5 : Fluid Kinematics 255

∂φ ∂ψ ... are known as Cauchy-Reimann equations.

u = – =
∂x ∂y


∂φ ∂ψ 
v = – =–
∂y ∂x 
8. Flow net. A grid obtained by drawing a series of stream lines and equipotential lines is known
as a flow net.OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Choose the Correct Answer (b) one-dimensional flow

1. The motion of fluid particles may be described (c) two-dimensional flow
by which of the following methods? (d) three-dimensional flow.
(a) Langrangian method 8. The flow in a river during the period of heavy
(b) Eulerain method rainfall is
(c) Both (a) and (b) (a) steady, non-uniform and three-dimensional
(d) None of the above. (b) steady, uniform, two-dimensional
2. In which of the following methods, the observer (c) unsteady, uniform, three-dimensional
concentrates on a point in the fluid system? (d) unsteady, non-uniform and three-dimensional.
(a) Langrangian method 9. Flow between parallel plates of infinite extent is
(b) Eulerian method an example of
(c) Any of the above (a) one-dimensional flow
(d) None of the above. (b) two-dimensional flow
3. Normal acceleration in fluid-flow situation exists (c) three-dimensional flow
only when (d) compressible flow.
(a) the flow is unsteady 10. If the flow is irrotational as well as steady it is
(b) the flow is two-dimensional known as
(c) the streamlines are straight and parallel (a) non-uniform flow
(d) the streamlines are curved. (b) one-dimensional flow
4. In a steady flow the velocity (c) potential flow
(a) does not change from place to place (d) none of the above.
(b) at a given point does not change with time 11. High velocity flow in a conduit of large size is
(c) may change its direction but the magnitude known as
remains unchanged (a) laminar flow
(d) none of the above. (b) turbulent flow
5. The flow in a pipe whose valve is being opened (c) either of the above
or closed gradually is an example of (d) none of the above.
(a) steady flow (b) unsteady flow 12. If the Reynolds number is less than 2000, the
(c) rotational flow flow in a pipe is
(d) compressible flow. (a) laminar flow (b) turbulent flow
6. The type of flow in which the velocity at any (c) transition flow (d) none of the above.
given time does not change with respect to space 13. The path followed by fluid particle in motion is
is called called a
(a) steady flow (a) streamline (b) path line
(b) compressible flow (c) streak line (d) none of the above.
(c) uniform flow (d) rotational flow. 14. A....is an imaginary line within the flow so
7. Flow in a pipe where average flow parameters that the tangent at any point on it indicates the
are considered for analysis is an example of velocity at that point.
(a) incompressible flow (a) streak line (b) stream line
 256 Fluid Mechanics
(c) path line (d) none of the above. (c) three-dimensional flow
15. A stream line is one (d) uniform flow only.
(a) in which stream function does not change 22. The motion is described as ......when the compo-
(b) in which the flow cannot cross the bounding nents of rotation or vorticity are zero throughout
surface certain point of the fluid.
(c) which has a constant area throughout its (a) rotational (b) irrotational
length so that the velocity remains constant. (c) either of the above (d) none of the above.
(d) none of the above. 23. ........ is defined as a scalar function of space and
16. ...... is a curve which gives an instantaneous time such that its negative derivative with respect
picture of the location of the fluid particles which to any direction gives the fluid velocity in that
have passed through a given point. direction.
(a) Path line (b) Stream line (a) Velocity potential function
(c) Streak line (d) None of the above. (b) Stream function
17. In fluid mechanics, the continuity equation is a (c) Circulation
mathematical statement embodying the principle (d) Vorticity.
of 24. If velocity potential (φ) satisfies the Laplace
(a) conservation of momentum equation, it represents the possible..... flow.
(b) conservation of mass (a) unsteady, compressible, rotational
(c) conservation of energy (b) steady, compressible, irrotational
(d) none of the above. (c) unsteady, incompressible, rotational
18. An irrotational flow is one in which (d) steady, incompressible, irrotational.
(a) the stream lines of flow are curved and 25. A flownet is a graphical representation of stream
closely spaced lines and equipotential lines such that these lines
(b) the fluid does not rotate as it moves along (a) intersect each other orthogonally forming
(c) the net rotation of fluid particles about their curvilinear squares
mass centres remains zero (b) intersect each other at various different
(d) none of the above. angles forming irregular-shaped nets
19. In a fluid-flow the stream lines are lines (c) indicate the direction and magnitude of vec-
(a) along which the vorticity is zero tor
(b) along which the stream function ψ = constant (d) none of the above.
(c) which are parallel to the equipotential lines 26. The flow-net analysis can be used to determine
(d) which exist in irrotational flow only. (a) the stream lines and equipotential lines
20. ....... is defined mathematically as the line integral (b) quantity of seepage and upward lift pressure
of the tangential velocity about a closed path below hydraulic structures
(contour). (c) the efficient boundary shapes, for which the
(a) circulation (b) vorticity flow does not separate.
(c) either of the above (d) none of the above. (d) the velocity and pressure distribution for
21. The concept of stream function which is based given boundaries of flow (provided the
on the principle of continuity is applicable to velocity distribution and pressure at any
reference section are known).
(a) irrotational flow only
(e) all of the above.
(b) two-dimensional flow only

ANSWER
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (c)
7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (c) 11. (b) 12. (a)
13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (b) 16. (c) 17. (b) 18. (c)
19. (b) 20. (a) 21. (b) 22. (b) 23. (a) 24. (d)
25. (a) 26. (e).