Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Projects
Projects
Topics:
Objectives:
12.1 Introduction
page 352
- economics - other competitive designs Design is typically referred to as having certain stages, - Conceptual - Synthesis - Detailed - Analysis The typical stages of design include,
Need
Specifications
feasibility
conceptual
detailed
analysis/testing
review
Design factors commonly considered are, - functional requirements - physical constraints - specifications - aesthetics - usability/user interface
page 353
- cost - manufacturing - evaluation/testing/analysis - maintenance - retirement A more detailed design sequence is shown below, START: select a needed design determine functional elements pick members geometry, etc. select values and properties analyze for suitability decide on deficiencies no deficiencies DONE: Approve design
e.g 1/2 steel cable e.g. find stress and compare to ultimate strength e.g. use factor of safety
Conceptual - The selection of general components to go into a system. At this point the exact form of final point is inexact. At this point we might be deciding to put wheels on a car. Synthesis - The selection of components or devices for the system. At this point the general geometry, and components for the system are selected. Detailed - Exact dimensions are finally assigned to parts in the system. Analysis - The review of design details to determine suitability. This is done after the exact design is complete. It may lead to redesign.
page 354
The activity of design creates a dilemma for management in that it adds to the overall cost of a product, but it can also reduce the final cost of a product. We can draw graphs that illustrate the total amount committed in the final cost from the first concept, to the final product. Most of the final cost is determined by decisions early in the design phase. product costs costs committed product starts shipping
By planning for design, and then committing fully, we can obtain a better product. design changes quality design process (do it right the first time)
project start
production release
time
Over-the-wall is an engineering approach that has developed because of management pressures. It helps split designs into clean stages and responsibilities. This approach does simplify management up front, but requires fire fighting as problems arise. A product life cycle has four phases, 1. Identify needs, plan and design
page 355
12.3.2 Teams
The teams are typically composed of up to 5 students from EGR 345. The EGR 345 teams are grouped using the self evaluation attached in the appendices. Teams are expected to divided tasks for members to work in parallel. It is also expected that team members will review the work of others to ensure accuracy and completeness. This is particularly true of calculations, materials lists drawings and budgets. All team members are expected to work in a professional manner. The general
page 356
rules of conduct in a team are, - treat others as you want to be treated - communicate expectations and problems clearly - be polite and accommodating - when problems arise, help to solve them, even if they are not your fault. Dont lay the blame for problems on others. Personal conflicts must be resolved by team members in a professional manner. The performance of the team will be assessed using peer evaluations on a regular basis and may impact individual grades. In the case of non-participation the penalty may be up to 100% of the project grade. In the event that team members cannot resolve differences with a team member, the team may fire the team member by a vote (it must be unanimous, except for the member in question). In this case the fired student is responsible for finding another team that will accept (or hire) them. In the event they cannot find another team to join, they will be expected to perform all of the work themself. The firing mechanism is intended to deal with individuals who harm the progress of the team, not for non-participants.
page 357
Cover Page - a cover sheet indicating the course, project and team numbers. The names of all team members should be listed on the cover. Gantt chart - updated on a weekly basis and included each time. Budget - when changes are made, include an updated budget. The budget table should include descriptions, suppliers, quantity, price, and status. Mass Table - when changes are made, include an updated mass table. Note: this can be combined with the budget. Design - Design changes should be indicated. Appropriate drawings, schematics, or equivalent should be included. When appropriate, these should normally be accompanied by a new set of models, calculations and/or simulations to verify the new design. Software - The current status of software development should be indicated, including major accomplishments and issues. Fabrication - The status of items being built/assembled should be indicated. Purchasing - The status of ordered items should be indicated. Testing - The testing progress should be indicated, including any numerical results when available. Other Issues - Items that may impact the success of the team should be indicated. Performance - A prediction of performance, including the overall performance equation. Early in the semester, other items will be requested, such as a combined timetable for all team members, and a skills inventory. These should only be included in the reports the weeks they are requested.
page 358
- a weight inventory, itemized by each part of the design - additional calculations for mechanical design issues, such as stress that may result in failure. Normally these result in a factor of safety. - the equations of motion for the system - a Scilab program that verifies the operation of the system using the equations of motion. - a prototype C program that implements the controller as designed.
page 359
Appendix - Drawings Appendix - Stress and other similar calculations Appendix - Controller C program Appendix - Simulation program Appendix - Receipts and cost evidence Final reports will be evaluated on numerous factors including the clarity for the design documentation (i.e., how clear is what has been done?), theory to backup the design (does the theory match the actual design?), did the theory and actual match?
12.3.8 Drawings
All drawings will observe the standards used in EGR 101 (see the EGR 101 or 345 course pages). This includes dimensions and tolerances that can be produced using the available equipment and materials. Please note that sketch means that it is done by hand, approximately, while drawing means it is done formally in a CAD package. Normally you should create solid models, and then generate multiview drawings. Note: All drawings must have a title block. Shaded views have very little value and should be avoided, wireframe drawings are much more useful. If there is a definite need to include a shaded drawing, change the background to change the quantity of toner used.
page 360
nents should be listed, and prices provided. If the components have been drawn from the engineering stores, similar devices can be identified from catalogs and those prices may be used. If your design calls for parts not commonly issued to engineering students, you may be required to purchase these yourself. An excellent local source of small parts is hobby stores, such as Ryders Hobbies on 28th St. The budget should also list the quantity of parts/material, price, source/supplier and status (eg., not ordered, received, due 2 weeks, late 1 week). Dont forget to include cost of the controller and other components used. Assume the power supply is provided as part of the crane system and therefore has no cost is associated. Some of the commonly available components are listed below. List simple commodity items such as wires, bolts, etc., under a miscellaneous category with a general cost estimate. ATMega32 circuit board $30 Breakout board $20 motors assume $10 CT3001-ND 16 position, non-detent mechanical encoder $2.58 Potentiometer 10K (Digikey #296xd103b1n) $3.61 (???) A Bill of Materials (BOM) lists all of the parts required to produce or assemble some other device. This is different from parts listed in a budget in that some of the parts will be work in process. In other words, the original material has been worked on to produce new parts. A BOM is normally found on assembly drawings. Notes; - there are different type of plastic, some are more brittle, others are tougher.
12.3.10 Calculations
Calculations are required to justify the design work. These should follow the conventions used in EGR 345. When computer programs are written, they should be commented and included.
page 361
12.9 Forms
page 362
proficient 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Hands-on Electrical:
Basic wiring skills, soldering, etc.
Writing:
Layout and write complex documents
Teamwork Skills:
The ability to work with others in a team environment.
Leadership Skills:
The ability to act as a role model that teammates will follow.
Design Skills:
Work in unstructured/semistructured problem solving.
Personal/Technical Strengths: Personal/Technical Weaknesses: People you would like to work with: People you would NOT like to work with: Other Commitments (courses, work, etc. - give hours for each) Other Items of Interest: