Mass transport assignment 2

2397437:Lethabo Kekana

Question 1

1. Gas liquid system: The production of acetone and phenol by a conversion of cumene hydro
peroxide and dissolution of chlorine with sodium hydroxide with the following equation:
𝐶𝑙2(𝑠) +𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻(𝑙) 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐶𝑙(𝑙) +𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙(𝑙) +𝐻2𝑂(𝑙)
2. Liquid-Liquid systems: Extraction of carboxylic acids into non polar solvents.
3. Gas liquid -solid systems: Hydrogenation of a fruit using nickel as a catalyst and metal
oxidation such as the oxidation of zinc to zinc oxide by the following equation:
𝑍𝑛(𝑠) +𝑂2(𝑔) 𝑍𝑛𝑂

Question 2

Convective mass transfer is a mass transfer that occurs when the medium in the fluid is under
motion. There are two main types, namely:

Free convective mass transfer that occurs due to the different densities in the fluid medium.

Forced convective mass transfer that makes the fluid medium move under the influence of the
external forces such as pumps and fans.

Question 3

Film-penetration theory: Turbulent flow of a fluid on a solid surface with the transfer occurring from
a solid surface to a liquid. It is an unsteady state theory that assumes the concentration profile is not
a straight line and that molecular diffusion only takes place within a specific film thickness.

Boundary layer theory: It assumes that if a plate is covered with a soluble substance and over it
flows a gas or liquid, the will be two boundary layers that form. The layers are the velocity and
concentration boundary layers.

Surface-stretch theory: it's a way of determining the mass transfer effectiveness of a piece of
equipment by comparing its surface area to its length. This method is often used in calculations for
determining the performance of packed beds. Surface-stretch theory uses the Vyazovkin equation to
help determine the effectiveness of packed beds. Vyazovkin derived this equation based on studies
in which he looked at how well micelles were able to transport various types of molecules across
membranes. By making the surface area of a packed bed's surface as large as possible, and the
length of that surface as short as possible, we can compare these two properties to determine how
well it will be able to carry out its function ( m ), i.e. mass transfer.

Question 4

a. First part being for counter current and second part for co current. The notations for the co-
current diagram are the same as for the counter-current diagram.
Question 5
References

Principles of mass transfer and separation processes (K.Dutta, 2009).

Unit operations of chemical engineering (L McCabe, C Smith, P Harriot), 19923

Introduction to liquid-liquid extraction with chemical reaction,

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-015-6900-2_21