Prepared by:

Ronald Bual
Faculty
DCHET, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology
Pump classification

vHydrodynamic (or) non-positive

displacement pumps

vHydrostatic (or) positive

displacement pumps (PDP)
HYDRODYNAMIC PUMPS
vCarries fluid from one location to another, relatively
at low pressure (17-21 bar).
vGenerally used for low pressure, high-volume, flow
applications.
vThese pumps are not self-priming, as there is a great
deal of clearance between the rotating and
stationary elements.
vCannot create enough vacuum at its inlet, hence
discharge rate is low.
vExamples…..
a) Centrifugal pumps
b) Axial flow propeller pump.
v These pumps are called as non-positive
displacement pumps.
Hydrostatic pumps
vHydrostatic pumps uses fluid pressure to transmit
power.
vThese pumps have very close-fitting mating
components and hence a very small amount of
leakage could occur.
vThese pumps may be either…..
a) Fixed displacement
b) Variable displacement
v These pumps requires protection against over
pressure if the resistance to flow becomes very
large or infinite, so pressure relief valve is
provided.
v It is also called as positive displacement pumps.
CLASSIFICATION OF PDP

GEAR VANE
PUMPS PUMPS

PISTON
PUMPS
EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP
APPLICATION

Common external gear pump applications

include, but are not limited to:
vVarious fuel oils and lube oils
vChemical additive and polymer metering
vChemical mixing and blending (double pump)
vIndustrial and mobile hydraulic applications
(log splitters, lifts, etc.)
vAcids and caustic (stainless steel or
composite construction)
vLow volume transfer or application
INTERNAL GEAR PUMP
APPLICATION
Common internal gear pump applications include, but
are not limited to:
vAll varieties of fuel oil and lube oil
vResins and Polymers
vAlcohols and solvents
vAsphalt, Bitumen, and Tar
vPolyurethane foam (Isocyanate and polyol)
vFood products such as corn syrup, chocolate, and
peanut butter
vPaint, inks, and pigments
vSoaps and surfactants
vGlycol
LOBE PUMP
APPLICATION

Common rotary lobe pump applications

include, but are not limited to:
vPolymers
vPaper coatings
vSoaps and surfactants
vPaints and dyes
vRubber and adhesives
vPharmaceuticals
vFood applications
GEROTOR PUMP
SCREW PUMP
APPLICATIONS OF PDP

PD pumps are found in a wide range of application

vchemical-processing
vliquid delivery
vmarine
vbiotechnology
v pharmaceutical
vas well as food, dairy, and beverage processing.
vTheir versatility and popularity is due in part to
their relatively compact design, high-viscosity
performance, continuous flow regardless of
differential pressure, and ability to handle high
differential pressure.
VANE PUMPS
APPLICATION

vAerosol and Propellants

vAviation Service - Fuel Transfer, Deicing
vAuto Industry - Fuels, Lubes,
vRefrigeration Coolants
vBulk Transfer of LPG and NH3
vLPG Cylinder Filling
vAlcohols
vRefrigeration - Freons, Ammonia
vSolvents
vAqueous solutions
AXIAL PISTON PUMP
RADIAL PISTON PUMP
Centrifugal pump
Submersible pump
CHARACTERISTICS OF PUMPS
NON-POSITIVE POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
DISPLACEMENT PUMPS PUMPS

provide a smooth, continuous flow pulse with each stroke or each time
a pumping chamber opens to an
outlet port.

Pressure can reduce a non positive In a positive-displacement pump,

pump's delivery. High outlet pressure affects the output only to
pressure can stop any output; the the extent that it increases internal
liquid simply recirculates inside the leakage
pump

It is not self priming It is a self-priming

PERFORMANCE OF PUMP
q Pumps are usually rated according to their volumetric output
and pressure.
q Volumetric output (delivery rate or capacity) is the amount of
liquid that a pump can deliver at its outlet port per unit of time
at a given drive speed, usually expressed in GPM or cubic
inches per minute.
q Pumps are sometimes rated according to displacement, that is
the amount of liquid that they can deliver per cycle or cubic
inches per revolution.
q As pressure increases, volumetric output decreases.
q This drop in output is caused by an increase in internal leakage
(slippage) from a pump's outlet side to its inlet side
q Slippage is a measure of a pump's efficiency and usually is
expressed in percent.
PUMP EFFICIENCIES
Volumetric Efficiency:
η = Actual flow rate = Qa
Theoretical flow rate Qt
Gear pumps = 80-90 %
Vane pumps = 82-92 %
Piston pumps = 90-98 %
Mechanical Efficiency:
η = Output power = Po
Input power Pi
Mechanical efficiency varies from 90 to 95 %
Overall Efficiency:
η = Actual power delivered by the pump = Hydraulic power
Actual power delivered to the pump Brake power