Cayenne Termite Spray Research Paper

Sagay National High School
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

Cayenne (Capsicum frutescens) Powder and Lemon (Citrus limon) Rind Extract to
Exterminate Termite (Cryptotermes Cynocephalus) Eradication from
Dry-Wood Gmelina (Gmelina aborea)
Pearl Dainne Feril
Raine Glyndale P. Labrador
Devina Mae C. Villarin
Jelmarie D. Gasper
Nathan Randall J. Nombre
Joemar M. Dela Peña
Jomela Feme G. Ynzon
Arianne Nicole P. Almaras

Researchers
Fergem Anne C. Flores

Research Adviser

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Termites cause significant economic losses worldwide. Environmental and human health
concerns have prompted the development of alternative termite control techniques. Termites are
the most prevalent arthropod decomposer and have a remarkable ecological impact on both
agricultural and non-agricultural habitats. They play a vital part in the global carbon cycle, the
decomposition process, and the mineralization of nutrient-rich cellulose. Despite their benefits,
they frequently result in significant losses to people by destroying anything that is particularly
composed of cellulose, including books, stored timber, wooden structure, buildings, stored gain
products, crops, standing trees, and forest (Aljedani, 2023) (Ahmad, 2019).
The development of a pest control strategy requires first having an understanding of the
pest species. The researchers looked for indications of termite infestation on all wooden
materials, including furniture and structural components. Termite soldiers discovered inside
wooden structures were gathered for identification. Actual inspections gather information about
the materials used, the coatings, the type of wood in use, and the moisture content of the infested
wood. (Rojo, 2020).
These insects pose a threat to forests because they can harm unprotected structures and
their wooden components. From below grade to the roof's highest point, they can attack wood in
a building. As time goes on, the combination of the considerable termite damage and the
moisture content of the timbers creates an issue that needs to be addressed right once (Ney et al.,
2019).
1
Dry wood termites thrive in the Philippine’s tropical climate, causing structural damage
to homes and other structures. The termite (Isoptera) taxonomic order was used to categorize this
group of insects. In a natural setting, they are helpful in assisting with the conversion of nutrient
from dead plants to humus. However, because they can damage exposed structure and their
wooden components, these insects constitute a hazard to forests. They can attack wood inside a
building from the lowest place on the ground to the highest position on the roof. As time passes,
the combination of the significant termite damage and the moisture level of the wood produces a
problem that must be resolved immediately. Between 70% and 80% of Negros Occidental is
made up of agricultural land, making it susceptible to termite infestation (Dela Cruz, 2023) (Ney,
2019) (Rojo, 2020).
Lemon (Citrus Limon), a plant with peel type, includes phytochemical substance,
including flavonoids, terpenoids, tannis, and limonenes, which can be employed as plant-based
pesticides. Essential oils (EOs) derived from the leaves and peels of a lemon have discovered
various biological substance, and their numerous studies showing potent insecticidal and
repellent properties activity of citrus peel Eos and their potential to use as fumigants for insects
found in stored goods. Cayenne pepper is used in a variety of foods manufactured by the food
industry as well for domestic use and as a spice in cooking. Capsaicin, a resinous and pungent
compound, is present in cayenne. Particularly, Capsaicin has a potent bactericidal and
insecticidal effect making it useful as a commercial fungicide and pesticide (Mosa, 2022)
(Ramli, 2020) (Zhou, 2023).
2
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to kill and exterminate termites using cayenne pepper and lemon rind
extract and to make Gmelina wood last longer used for shelter or the wood industry, if there are
no termites, you can use more wood to build your shelters because there is already a pesticide to
kill the termites. This pesticide is more affordable than any commercial pesticide;
This research aims to answer the following questions:
1. Is there an effect of Cayenne Pepper and Lemon Rind extract as a substitute for
commercial pesticides?
2. Is there a significant effect of using Cayenne Powder and Lemon rind extract as a pesticide
to exterminate termite eradication from dry- wood Gmelina?
3. Is there a difference between the pesticide made with Lemon Rind extract and Cayenne
Pepper compared to chemical Pesticide?
Hypothesis
1. There is no significant difference of Cayenne Pepper and Lemon Rind extract as a
substitute for commercial pesticides.
2. There is a significant effect of using Cayenne Pepper powder and Lemon Rind extract as
a pesticide to exterminate Termite Eradication from dry wood Gmelina.
3. There is no Significant difference between the pesticide made with Cayenne Pepper
powder and lemon rind extract compared to pesticide.
3
Conceptual Framework
Input Process Output
Lemon rind extract and - Preparation of the Lemon rind - The level of efficiency
Cayenne powder as extract and Cayenne powder anti- of Cayenne powder and
insecticide spray to termite spray. Lemon rind extract as an
termite eradication alternative anti-termite
- Obtaining information on the state
from dry-wood spray in concluding
of the termites from dry-wood
Gmelina. termite eradication from
Gmelina before the application.
dry-wood Gmelina.
- Testing the Lemon rind extract and
chili powder anti-termites spray on
the test subject.
-Application of Alternative Termite
Exterminator Spray
- A collection of data based on the
experiment.
Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Conceptual Framework
Significance of the Study
Exploring the use of Cayenne Pepper Powder and Lemon Rind Extract for Dry-Wood
termite control offers substantial benefits to homeowners and businesses. This cost-effective,
natural approach is easily accessible and acts as a protective shield against termite damage,
occupants. Investing in termite pesticides not only provides financial relief but also long-term
security. In the future, researcher can explore if the current termite pesticide maintains their
strength and effectiveness over time and investigate their environmental impact on soil, water,
and wildlife. This research may lead to greener termite control options, enhancing safety and
efficiency. Termites pose significant challenges to wooden structures and the lumber industry.
Pesticide act as a protective barrier, preserving wood quality and reducing industry waste. In,
4
summery, these pesticides offer double benefit: safeguarding property and the environment while
being cost-effective.
Scope and Limitations
Cayenne (Capsicum frutescens) Powder and Lemon (Citrus limon) Rind Extract are
being researched for their potential use in eradicating Gemilina (Gmelina aborea) termites from
dry wood. The purpose of the research is to look into the extracts' insecticidal properties, define
acceptable concentrations, and analyze their impact on termite infestation and wood quality.
There are, however, certain limitations to consider. The study is having difficulty
acquiring precise measures of dry wood, such as its age and moisture content. The study may be
conducted in a controlled laboratory or experimental setting that does not completely replicate
the natural environment and conditions that lead to termite infestations. The study may not take
into account long-term effects, such as termite re-infestation or wood durability after treatment.
The focus of the study is a single tree species, and the findings may not be directly applicable to
other termite species. As a result, the findings should be weighed against the vulnerability of
Gmelina wood to termite infestations. Additional research and confirmation may be required
before generalizing the findings to other tree species or geographic regions. Furthermore,
practical considerations such as the feasibility of applying the extracts on a large scale or their
compatibility with existing termite control methods may fall outside the scope of the research.
The study examines the effectiveness of Cayenne Powder and Lemon Rind Extract as a
natural termite eradication treatment in dry wood. Despite these limitations, the study aims to
provide valuable insights into the potential use of these extracts as an alternative or additional
strategy for managing termite infestations in Gmelina wood.
5
Definition of Terms
Word Conceptual Operational
Lemon Rind Extract An innovative and organic cosmetic Will be used as an ingredient in the
lemon extract suited for use in Alternative termite extermination spray.
pesticide goods.
Chili Powder Cayenne powder is the dried, Will be used as an ingredient in the
powdered fruit of one or more chili Alternative termite extermination spray.
pepper varietals.
Accumulation A mass or quantity of anything that Data gathered throughout the process of
has accumulated through time. the experiment.
Substrate The surface or material on or on The number of amount will be used in the
which an organism lives, develops, experiment.
or derives food.
Intractable It is difficult to control or deal with. Difficulty and complexity of the
experiment.
Infestation The presence of an unusually large Large-scale of termite damage to the dry-
wood Gmelina.
number of insects or animals in a
place, typically to cause damage.
Extraction The act of extracting something, The number of lemon rinds that will be
often with effort or force. collected.
Eradication The complete destruction of To measure the destruction of termites.
something.
6
CHAPTER I1
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum Frutescens)
Capsicum annuum L., sometimes known as chili pepper, is a Solanaceae family plant
native to tropical America. Chili peppers are one of the most important vegetable and spice crops
grown worldwide. Thailand, India, China, Pakistan, and Peru are the world's major dried chili
producers. Chili peppers are popular worldwide and are frequently used as food additions to
offer a fiery and pungent flavor. Chili peppers provide an exceptionally hot or burning feeling
due to the presence of capsaicinoids, which are present only in the Capsicum genus and are
biosynthesized in the placenta of the fruits by condensation of vanillylamine and medium chain
length fatty acids (Yang 2019).
Capsaicin is a hydrophobic chemical that works on animal epithelial cells. It is non-toxic
and occurs naturally in the environment as a defense mechanism. Thus, the study was carried out
to employ capsaicin as an ingredient to create a pesticide that is safe to use, inexpensive, and
environmentally acceptable (Lacar 2019).
Chili powder was employed by the researcher because it includes capsaicin, which is
known to repel insects as well kill them by causing membrane damage and metabolic
disturbance. However, calamansi rind extract includes D-limonene, which can melt the wax
coating of the insects (Guernaldo 2019).
7
Lemon (Citrus limon)
Lemons (Citrus limon), like other citrus fruits, are high in vitamin C and also include a
variety of minerals (potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and iron), as well as dietary
fiber. Polyphenols (apigenin, hesperidin, naringin, quercetin, and others) and phenolic acids
(ferulic acid and synaptic acid) are abundant in lemon fruit and juice. The fruit juice, praised for
its sour, tangy, and fresh flavor, is a common ingredient in both home and commercial recipes, as
well as a component of many processed foods and beverage formulae (Aslantas 2023).
Orange and lemon are well-known species of citrus family, which is among the most
widely grown crops in the world. In order to examine the photochemistry of sweet orange and
lemon fruits and revel their notional and health consequences a thorough examination of the
literature was done. This article provides a thorough and critical analysis of C’s composition and
historical usage in medicine, sativa and C. limon with tier useful biological activity (Zahr, 2023).
Termites (Cypotermes Cynocephalus)

Termites are structurally damaging termites that can infest a consumer's most valuable
investment, their home. People's understanding of termite biology and behavior, building
architecture, the use of soil termiticides, baits, wood treatments, and physical barriers, as well as
restrictions from various industries, have all contributed to the evolution of termite management
(Vail et al,.2022).
A 27-year termite eradication campaign in Devon has demonstrated that UK
constructions are growing more vulnerable as the climate changes, and that exterminating a
colony can be difficult even when there are no more termites waiting to invade. Heritage
structures frequently pose additional challenges (Ridout, 2023)
8
REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY
The Effectiveness of Chili Powder and Calamansi Rind Extract as an Alternative Termite
Exterminator
The researcher attempted to find the optimal dosage of chili powder in 500g calamansi
rind extract for termite elimination. It was discovered that using 40g of chili powder in the fluid
produced was more effective. On this site, the researcher conducted additional testing to
determine the efficacy of the manufactured product based on the amount of calamansi rind
extract present. Its efficacy was determined by counting the number of termites that died after
being sprayed in various doses. The outcome was compared to the outcome of spraying the
commercial pesticide with the same variables (Guerneldo, 2019).
Chili Peppers (Capsaicin) as an Alternative Pesticide
The research employed an experimental research approach, accessing two products; a
conventional pesticide and an alternative one containing capsaicin as its active component.
Within the design, three variables were examined. Initially, the study invested the survival time
of common agricultural pests such as grasshoppers, caterpillars, and snails when exposed to
alternative pesticide, which had verifying capsaicin concentrations low, moderate, and high
subsequently, the research evaluated the survival time of this same garden pests when treated
with the commercial pesticide, using the most effective concentration determined in the initial
experiment. Additionally, the research considered assessing the alternative pesticide efficacy
against ants and thermites (Lacar, 2019).
9
The Effect of the Mixture of Chili Pepper Fruit (Capsicum Frutescens) and Atis Seed
(Annona Squamosa) Extract on Mortality of American Cockroaches (Periplaneta
Americana)
In this study, the extraction process involved drying and crushing chili peppers and atis
fruits to fit into the soxhlet apparatus, followed by solvent removal using a rotary evaporator,
yielding crude extracts. The research employed a completely randomized design (CRD) and
utilized the chi-square test to asses’ significant proportion differences in American cockroach
mortality. Notable, both the 100% and 75% concentrations of a mixture containing chili pepper
fruit (Capsicum Frutescens) and atis seed (Annona Squamosa) extracts achieved the highest
mortality rate (100%) among American cockroaches, comparable to the Baygon group’s results.
The 50% concentration of the mixture resulted in a 66.7% mortality rate after 24 hours of
exposure, while the top water group displayed only a 6.7% mortality rate (Baldado, 2020).
The Impact of Using Chili as a Natural Fertilizer and Pesticide Acendens Asia Journal of
Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts Macahia
The concentrations of the extracts were kept constant throughout the experiment in order
to ascertain the subjects' mortality. In the experiment, Baygon served as the positive control
while Distilled Water served as the negative control. There were three concentrations employed
in the experimental group: 100% concentration of the green chili extract mixture, 75%
concentration, and 50% concentration (Macahia, 2019)
10
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The researchers will conduct the research using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD),
allowing them to manipulate the independent variables, cayenne pepper, and lemon rind extract,
while observing their impact on the dependent variable, termite eradication. In CRD, the
experimental units, such as gmelina trees infested with termites, will be randomly assigned to
different treatment groups without grouping based on blocking factors. The purpose of this study
is to use lemon rind and cayenne powder to make a simple, organic insecticide spray.
Materials and Equipment
 2kg of Cayenne Chili pepper
 12 pcs of fresh lemons (330 grams of lemon rinds)
 Container (30cm × 17cm ×14cm)
 Stainless steel mortar and pestle
 Beaker (800ml)
 3 spray bottles
 Aprons
 Gloves
 Filtered water (6 liters)
 Bowl
 Funnel
 Plastic wrap
11
 Face masks
 Strainer
 Cutting board
 Knife
 Cheesecloth
Procedure
A. Preparation of components
1. Buying 1 kg of cayenne chili pepper powder in the market costs around 300 pesos.
2. Buy 5-10 lemons cost 30 pesos each, and cut the lemons into small pieces.
3. Prepare the materials
B. Extraction
1. After cleaning the materials, place them separately in a food processor.
2. Then get a cheesecloth to extract cayenne and lemon (separately) by squeezing it.
Squeeze to the point the juice (extract) is achieved.
3. Measure them in a graduated cylinder and place them separately in spray bottles.
Spray A - contains 150mL of lemon rind extract and 150ml of powdered cayenne pepper.
Spray B - contains 225mL of lemon rind extract and 75mL of powdered cayenne pepper.
Spray C - contains 225mL of powdered cayenne pepper and 75mL of lemon rind extract.
C. Processes
12
Fresh lemons were chosen and sliced into small pieces. The lemon rinds were carefully
separated and placed in a bowl. Soak the lemon rinds in 6 liters of filtered water, ensuring
they were fully submerged. To extract the natural oil, the bowl was covered with plastic
wrap and left undisturbed for a minimum of 24-48 hours. While the lemon rinds were still
soaking, grind 2 kg of cayenne chili powder using a mortar and pestle. The careful
grinding process ensured a fine and consistent powder texture. Strain the liquid from the
lemon rinds into another bowl, making sure to remove any solids. The lemon rinds were
then discarded. Next, the ground cayenne chili powder was added to the strained lemon
liquid, creating a potent mixture. Employ a funnel to pour the mixture of ground cayenne
chili powder and lemon liquid into a spray bottle. To ensure thorough mixing of the
ingredients, the spray bottle was shaken vigorously (Cruz, 2018).
D. Preparation of Set up
Prepare 12 containers of 30cm × 17cm × 14 cm dimension to place the Gmelina Tree
infested with termites. Set A, Set B, Set C, and Set D will each have 3 containers.
E. Application of Treatment
1. Spray the mixture to their corresponding sets.
2. Close the containers.
3. Check the containers from time to time.
DATA ANALYSIS
Variable
Variables Independent Variable: The Cayenne pepper powder and Lemon rinds spectracide
spray
13
Dependent Variable: The effect on Gmelina termite in eradication
Controlled Variable: Environmental factors (temperature, humidity), as well as the volume of
spray used per set
Experimental Set up
Statistical Analysis
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method will be used to statistically examine all of the
collected data.
Risk Assessment
14
When performing extraction, put on PPE (personal protective equipment) to protect
yourself from harm and stop skin and eye irritation. Always use caution when utilizing tools and
materials that could hurt you if improperly handled.
Gmelina wood-infested termites should be collected with caution as there may be thorns,
poisonous plants, or unsanitary materials aroun.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abeysinghe, D. C., Ballistreri, G., Barreca, D., Camarda, L., Chen, X.-M., Murthy, K. N. C., …
Bashir, L. U. (2023). Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S221080332300115X
Aljedani, D. M. (2023). Evaluation of some plant extracts effectiveness on the termites

Reticulitermes spp. (Isoptera: rhinotermitidae). Retrieved from
http://www.pjoes.com/Evaluation-of-Some-Plant-Extracts-Effectiveness-non-the-Termites-
Reticulitermes-spp,162305,0,2.html
Aljedani, D. M. (2023). Evaluation of some plant extracts effectiveness on the termites

Reticulitermes spp. (Isoptera: rhinotermitidae). Retrieved from
http://www.pjoes.com/Evaluation-of-Some-Plant-Extracts-Effectiveness-non-the-Termites-
Reticulitermes-spp,162305,0,2.html
Aslantas, S., Golge, O., González-Curbelo, M. Á., & Kabak, B. (2023). Retrieved from
https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/9/1812
Baldado, J. K., Cabunilas, E. L., Maape, C. V., Monsale, K. P., Piencenaves, D. L., Salem, J. M.
V., & Flores, M. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://registry.healthresearch.ph/index.php?
view=research&cid=75950#:~:text=The%20researchers%20recommend%20the%20use,
%25%2C%20and%2050%25%20concentrations.
Champ, M. A., Yang, W. J., Yebra, D. M., Almeida, E., Kristensen, J. B., Feng, K., … Li, L.
(2023). Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1359511323002325?
fbclid=IwAR1HPey65tpK3DuXWN8Aw9ug1Bmy3ze80fYbyxiy-
P_2t_o6JhKTHAYAuXo
Cruz, C. N. E. dela, Sevilla, R. D., Pangilinan, R. C., & Flaminiano, L. R. (2023). Retrieved from
https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/AAJMRA/article/view/12409?
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Guernaldo, L. (2019). Retrieved from
https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/AAJMRA/article/view/7530
Lacar, J. E. M. (2019). Retrieved from

Li, & Yang. (2019). Retrieved from

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1934578X19862695
Macahia, L. (2019). Retrieved from

Mosa, W. F. A., Mackled, M. I., Abdelsalam, N. R., Behiry, S. I., Al-Askar, A. A., Basile, A., …
Salem, M. Z. M. (2022). Retrieved from
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oI
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(2022). Retrieved from https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ajbe/10/0/10_2/_article/-char/ja/
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hl=en&lr=&id=jlXAEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&dq=ridout
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Sagay National High School

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

Exterminate Termite (Cryptotermes Cynocephalus) Eradication from

Dry-Wood Gmelina (Gmelina aborea)

Pearl Dainne Feril

Raine Glyndale P. Labrador

Devina Mae C. Villarin

Nathan Randall J. Nombre

Joemar M. Dela Peña

Jomela Feme G. Ynzon

Arianne Nicole P. Almaras

Fergem Anne C. Flores

Sagay National High School

wood. (Rojo, 2020).

2019) (Rojo, 2020).

compound, is present in cayenne. Particularly, Capsaicin has a potent bactericidal and

(Ramli, 2020) (Zhou, 2023).

This research aims to answer the following questions:

to exterminate termite eradication from dry- wood Gmelina?

Pepper compared to chemical Pesticide?

1. There is no significant difference of Cayenne Pepper and Lemon Rind extract as a

substitute for commercial pesticides.

a pesticide to exterminate Termite Eradication from dry wood Gmelina.

powder and lemon rind extract compared to pesticide.

Input Process Output

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Conceptual Framework

Significance of the Study

Scope and Limitations

strategy for managing termite infestations in Gmelina wood.

lemon extract suited for use in Alternative termite extermination spray.

powdered fruit of one or more chili Alternative termite extermination spray.

has accumulated through time. the experiment.

Intractable It is difficult to control or deal with. Difficulty and complexity of the

place, typically to cause damage.

often with effort or force. collected.

Eradication The complete destruction of To measure the destruction of termites.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum Frutescens)

length fatty acids (Yang 2019).

Capsaicin is a hydrophobic chemical that works on animal epithelial cells. It is non-toxic

environmentally acceptable (Lacar 2019).

coating of the insects (Guernaldo 2019).

Termites (Cypotermes Cynocephalus)

A 27-year termite eradication campaign in Devon has demonstrated that UK

structures frequently pose additional challenges (Ridout, 2023)

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY

commercial pesticide with the same variables (Guerneldo, 2019).

Chili Peppers (Capsaicin) as an Alternative Pesticide

The research employed an experimental research approach, accessing two products; a

against ants and thermites (Lacar, 2019).

concentration, and 50% concentration (Macahia, 2019)

Materials and Equipment

 2kg of Cayenne Chili pepper

 12 pcs of fresh lemons (330 grams of lemon rinds)

 Container (30cm × 17cm ×14cm)

 Stainless steel mortar and pestle

 Filtered water (6 liters)

3. Prepare the materials

1. After cleaning the materials, place them separately in a food processor.

Squeeze to the point the juice (extract) is achieved.

ingredients, the spray bottle was shaken vigorously (Cruz, 2018).

Prepare 12 containers of 30cm × 17cm × 14 cm dimension to place the Gmelina Tree