MODULE 6

FOR MACHINE SHORTHAND

Bachelor of Science in Office Administration

Subject title: OAC 13 Machine Shorthand 1

Schedule: Monday 7:00-10:00, 10:00-1:00,Tue., 10:00-1:00, Fri., 10:00-1:00, 2:00-
5:00, 3 hrs/week

I. Module title: To write and identify the Initial, Final keys, Practice writing
Words, Vowel Diphthongs and Consonant blends

II. Module Description:

In this module you will familiarize the different uses of initial and final keys, also
the vowels of steno machine key board.

III. Expected Outcome/Objectives

At the end of this lesson student should be able to:
1. Discuss Initial U, V, W, X, Y, Z Final U, V, W, X, Y Z
2. Identify the Vowel Diphthongs
3. Enumerate the Consonant Blends WH, WR, SW, TW.

IV. Pre-test:
Practice Writing Words No. 16, 17, 18 & 19 answers in stenotype keyboard of
Stenograph Machine.

V. Lesson Content:

LESSON 21
Letters U, Long U, and Diphthongs AU and OU

Letter U
To write letter U, use the right-hand thumb.
Practice writing short U
U U U (hp) U U U (hp) U U U (hp) U U U (hp) U U U (hp)

Long U
It is important to distinguish a short vowel sound from a long vowel sound so you can
write words as they are pronounced. For example, the word tub has a short U sound
while the word tube has a long U sound.
Generally, a long vowel contained in a word sounds like the vowel itself. Say the
following words out loud. Do you hear the difference between short U and long U?
Short U Long U
cub cube
cut cute
fuss fuse
rug rouge
tub tube
puck puke
mutt mute
dud dude
Long vowels are formed by depressing the vowel you want to make long, together with
the two opposite vowels. This is known as the Double Opposite Rule.
To write long U, use the right-hand thumb to depress the U key together with the left-
hand thumb to depress the A and O keys (Long U = AO + U or U plus Double
Opposite). Depress all three keys together (AOU) quickly and sharply. Release them
immediately.
Practice writing long U
AOU AOU AOU (hp) AOU AOU AOU (hp) AOU AOU AOU (hp)
Practice writing U and long U
U U U (hp) AOU AOU AOU (hp) U U U (hp) AOU AOU AOU (hp)
Practice Writing Words Number 16
up
brew
brunt
chuck
cub
cube
club
clue
cut
cute

Vowel Diphthongs
A vowel diphthong refers to the blending of two vowels to make one sound. You have
learned diphthongs OI and OO. We will now practice AU and OU.
Practice writing these diphthongs and vowels
U U U (hp) AU AU AU (hp) AOU AOU AOU (hp) OU OU OU (hp)
Theory Rule: Write AU for words pronounced with the sound of AU no matter how they
are spelled in English, such as, row, ball, bought, taught, and talk.
Practice Writing Words Number 17
ought
all
bought
ball
brought
call
caught
fall
fought
gall
Theory Rule: Write OU for words pronounced with the sound of OU no matter how
they are spelled in English, such as howl, frown, out, and proud.

Practice Writing Words Number 18

bough
brown
brow
clown
crown
how
down
now
frown
plow

Practice writing these diphthongs and long vowels

Long A OO Long O OI Long E OO Long I OI
Long U AU Long O OU Long I AU Long E OU

LESSON 22
Letter V
Initial V
To write initial V, use the left-hand small finger and index finger to depress the S- and
R- keys together (V = S- + R-).
Practice writing initial V-
SR- SR- SR- (hp) SR- SR- SR- (hp) SR- SR- SR- (hp) SR- SR- SR- (hp)
Practice writing the initial K,S, T, and T
K S T V (hp) T S V K (hp) V S T K (hp) V K T S (hp) V S K T (hp)

Final V
The outline for final V varies depending on the machine shorthand theory taught by
different court reporting programs. To avoid having to unlearn and relearn the outline for
the final V, it is not presented at this time.

Practice Writing Words Number 19

van
vain
vac
vat
veil
veal
veer
vice
vim
vile
LESSON 23

Initial W and Blends WH, WR, SW, TW

To write initial W, use the left-hand middle finger to depress the W-key. Phonetically,
there is no need to write words that end in a final W.

Consonant Blends

The initial W-is used in the consonant blends WH, WR, SW, and TW to form words such
as whole, write, swell, and twice.
Theory Rule: Write WR- at the beginning of words that start with WR even though the
W is silent, such as wrap, write, and wrote.

Practice Writing Words No. 20

wrack
wrap
wreck
wring
writ
write
wrong
wrote
wrought
wrung
wry

Theory Rule: Write WH- at the beginning of words that start with WH even though the
H or W may be silent, such as while, whole, and who.

Practice Writing Words No. 21

whack
whale
wheat
wheel
whet
while
whim
whine
whip
whirl

Spelling out numbers with W

Even though the W is silent in the word two, when you hear the word two in a sentence,
you will write TWO on your machine. This helps perfect the translation of your outlines.

Theory Rule: TWO for the word two.

Practice writing two

two TWO

You will write WUPB (WUN) when you want the word one to translate as the word one,
and you will continue to use the number bar when you want the word one to translate as
the numeral 1.

You will write TWO when you want the word two to translate as the word two, and you
will continue to use the number bar when you want the word two to translate as the
numeral 2.

Theory Rule: Write WUPB (WUN) for the word one.

Practice writing one

One WUN

Practice Writing Words No. 22

swag
swam
sway
sweep
sweat
sweet
swell
swift
swig
swim

LESSON 24
Letter X
The outline for both initial X and final X vary depending on the machine shorthand
theory taught by different court reporting programs. To avoid having to unlearn and
relearn these outlines, the letter X is not presented at this time.

LESSON 25
Letter Y

Initial Y
To write initial Y, use the left-hand ring, middle, and index fingers to depress the K-, W-,
and R- keys together. Depress all three keys at the same time (Y- =K- + W- +R-).

Practice writing initial Y

KWR- KWR- KWR- (hp) KWR- KWR- KWR- (hp) KWR- KWR- KWR- (hp)

Practice Writing Words No. 23

yack
yam
yap
yawn
yay
yaw
yard
yeah
year
yell
yen
LESSON 26
Initial Z and Final Z

Initial Z
To write initial Z, use the left-hand small, ring, and middle fingers to depress the S-, TK-,
and PW- keys together (Z- = S- + TK- + PW-). Depress the six keys at the same time.

Practice writing initial Z-

STKPW- STKPW- STKPW- (hp) STKPW- STKPW- STKPW- (hp)

Final Z
To write final Z, use the right-hand small finger to depress the final –Z.

Theory Rule: Write final –Z for all words ending with the sound of Z no matter how they
are spelled in English, such as as, raise, jazz, and maze.
Practice writing final –Z
-Z –Z –Z (hp) -Z –Z –Z (hp) -Z –Z –Z (hp) -Z –Z –Z (hp)
Practice Writing Words No. 24
as
booze
buzz
cruise
close
chose
craze
daze
dose
ease

VI. Activity:
In your notebook write lesson 21 to 26, study and practice the steno machine
keyboard.

VII. Post Assessment and Feedback

Answer the following: Practice writing words no. 20, 21, 22, 23 & 24. In stenotype
keyboard of stenograph machine on your notebook.
At this lesson you will familiarize and practice your hand position of your fingers
by pressing the letters of basic keyboard of steno machine.

VIII. Assignment/Homework

Study and memorize the basic keyboard of steno machine for the coming final
exam.

IX. Rubrics :

Punctuality/On time submission – 30%

Quizzes/Modules - 30%
Project - 10%
Examination - 30%
Total 100%
X. References:

https://www.stenograph.com/history-writers
https://www.depo.com/about/aboutreporting/stenolayout.html
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED095341.pdf

Prepared by:

MARY JANE D. MARISCOTES

Instructor
maryjane5mariscotes@gmail.com
09307617703