WIDENER LIBRARY

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The gift of

GEORGINA LOWELL PUTNAM

HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY

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OVID'S

METAMORPHO
SES ,

IN FIFTEEN BOOKS ;

WITH THE

NOTES

OF JOHN MINELLIUS, AND OTHERS,

IN ENGLISH.

WITH A

PROSE VERSION OF THE AUTHOR.

BY

NATHAN . BAILEY :

WITH THE ADDITIONS OF

I- An Essay on the rise, nature, use IV.-An account of the siege of TROY,
and extent of fabulous compositions. with the history of the commanders,
for the better understanding of that
II.-Abbé Banier's arguments and expla event, so much the subject of our Au
nations of the history and mythology thor's Piece, as well as other classical
of each fable. writers. page 427,
III. An explanation of the labours of
HERCULES. page 339.

A NEW EDITION, CAREFULLY REVISED.

Dublín :
PRINTED FOR P. W OGAN, NO. 15 LOWER ORMOND QUAY,
AT THE HIBERNIA- PRESS OFFICE, NO. 1, TEMPLE LANE.

1815.
10 10.355
.8
Harar College ry
July 1, 1914.
Bequest of
Georgina Lowell Putnam

HARVARD
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
JUL 25 1966

JUL 25 1965
LIBRARY
UNIVERSITY
HARVARD

1
 ADVERTISEMENT.

THE work of the most agreeable writer of fables

among the ancients, accompanied with the most dis

tinguished name in mythological learning among the

moderns, cannot fail of being very acceptable, from its

apparent utility, and the favourable opinion several

gentlemen of letters have been pleased to give respect

ing the undertaking. In this edition of the META

MORPHOSES of
Of Ovid, the TEXT will be found very cor
rect (being collated by the best editions) the various

READINGS printed in their proper places, and thé ARGU

MENTS of each fable prefixed in English, that the young

student may with ease and quickness be made ac

quainted with the author's design , and go through the

fable with understanding and judgment. And that he

may not be at a loss to discover whether the fable be

intended to record some memorable event or piece of

mythology, the explanations of the Abbé Banier are

subjoined.

Mr. Banier hath declined the common way of treat

ing fables as mere allegories and pieces of fancy, by

shewing they have their foundation in HISTORY, and

that they contain many important transactions . He

hath most judiciously stripped them of their poetical

iv ADVERTISEMENT.

embellishments and disguises , and reduced them to

the plain historical truths in which the poets first found

them : whereby he hath, with the greatest penetration
and success, opened a fair view of the most remarkable

events in Pagan Story, in their original simplicity, and

laid down a most rational plan for a thorough compre

hension of a very essential, but difficult branch of pro

fane learning. So that if youth were instructed in this

system of the Abbé's, it is presumed they would be less

embarrassed in their conceptions ofthe fabulous works
of the ancients , and make a more advantageous and

quick progress in classical acquisitions.

The Editor would consider himself unpardonable,

should he omit this opportunity of making his acknow

ledgements to such gentlemen as have favoured him

with their assistance, and whose remarks he has made

use of for the improvement of this work ; where, be

side the attention , already mentioned to have been

paid to the Text, a variety of new Notes will be found,

others materially altered , and a most assiduous atten

tion paid to the whole .

 AN

ESSAY

ON THE

RISE, NATURE, USE, AND EXTENT

OF

FABULOUS COMPOSITIONS.

FABLES are, for the greatest part, so ancient, that their origin is lost in

the most distant antiquity. The first authors of them are as little known ,
as the times when they first appeared ; and those who have made the deepest
researches, do not pretend to make them of earlier date than the time in
which the posterity of Noah dispersed themselves into different colonies ;
therefore, it will perhaps seem no improbable conjecture to suppose, that
fables were neither all of an equal date, nor the product of the same soil,
nor the inventions of the same authors.

In the earlier times of the world, mankind knew but one Deity. Noah
preserved the worship of the true God in his own family, as his forefathers
had handed it down to him ; but his posterity soon departed from that purity
inwhich he left them . For, however innocent they were in their early state, as
the corruption of the heart of man dilated and enlarged itself, a disrelish of
spiritual things gradually came on, and the mind grewmore devoted to sensible
objects. Of all created things within his view, the Sun was the most glorious
and themostlikely to engage man's attention first, and, next, his wonder and his
worship. Accordingly, it hath been considered from the beginning as the
great or primary emblem of the Divinity, being not only the mostbeautiful of
all bodies in its appearance, but the mostbeneficent inits effects ; the regulator
of the seasons, and the natural parent of light and fertility. From the Sun
they proceeded to the adoration of the Stars and Planets ; and, to use
A
 vi AN ESSAY ON FABULOUS COMPOSITIONS .

the words of Moses, " All the Host of Heaven was honoured with religious
worship." The intercourse the Almighty held with the Patriarchs, which
was known only by tradition to the Pagan world, gave rise to that medley of
gods and men which is found in their works , and on which they have erected
their system of mythology. Their zeal, which was not to be limited, carried
them yet farther ; Nature herself was erected into a Deity, and, under dif
ferent names, had divine honours in different countries. At last, great men
or heroes, who had rendered themselves illustrious by their conquests, were
ranked amongst the Gods, and greatly added to the Pagan creeds.

To this source of Pagan superstition, many others may be added. That

which has been principally productive ofa great variety of deities, was thefolly
mankind were led into respecting the heroes oftheirtimes, whosetransactions
they set off with every embellishment offiction , to render themmore worthy of
admiration. Hence all the false sublime we meet with in the histories of the
A
ancient heroes. Besides this, in the first ages ofthe world , when learning was
but little cultivated, and people had no otherregisters oftransactions than the
memories of those who had seen them ; those were afterward conveyed to
posterity with such ornaments as the relater thought necessary to engage
wonder and admiration. What greatly contributed to this source of evil , was
the extravagance oftheirorators , who thought they could not sufficiently sooth
the ambition ofthe living, without mixing the marvellous or supernatural, in
their panegyrics of the dead. False informations, and ill-related hearsays,
have intruded a multitude of fictions into the world for realities. A rude and
undigested philosophy, by which the ancients were not able to account for
phænomenas, led them to attribute life to stars, fountains, and rivers :
ambiguous terms in foreign languages, they interpreted in asensethat carried
with it most ofthe miraculous ; a strong ambition of descending from divine
ancestors, then filled the heads of mankind with genealogies deduced from
Hercules, Apollo, and Jupiter. The sinister purposes of their Priests increased
the delusion ; as under the sanction of sacred characters, they concealed
their own debaucheries, as well as those of princes and great men, prosti
tuting their deities to lucrative purposes. From this source and no other,
has sprung that variety of debaucheries and absurdities that appears in
the accounts given of many of the heathen deities ; for of their priests
it was literally true, that they made a traffic of their gods, and ab
used , their altars. This mammon of unrighteousness was the cor
ner stone and support of the Heathen divinity, which grew upon
 AN ESSAY ON FABULOUS COMPOSITIONS. vii

succeeding generations, and was only to be overthrown by the Sun of Righ

teousness, who came with healing in his wings, to dispel the dark clouds of
superstition, and show the ways of God to the Gentiles. These several
causes just related, have all contributed in their turn to the introduction of
fables into history, and to the involving the first ages of the world in an
impenetrable obscurity. But the poets, yielding too much to the heat of
their imaginations, have been of all others, the most fertile source of fable ;
and their works, being greatly admired by posterity, gave the finishing hand
to what had already been carried to too great an excess. It is in their works
chiefly that truth is sacrificed to wit, and reality to the offspring of fancy.

Ovid never excels so much as when he touches on the passions of love,

which he manages in so masterly a manner, as to render it impossible but
the reader must be sensible of the same emotions : in his free treatment of
f
this passion, he appears indeed more reprehensible than in any other, as it
sometimes transports him into indelicacies which we could have wished his
writings had never shown.

Beside this license which has been taken by the poets for the establish
= ment offables, the following observations may be considered as a general
key to ancient fiction. To escape from any imminent danger, was to be
1
changed into a bird ; and if to avoid a pursuit one should hide himself in a
cave, he was said to be transformed into a serpent. Should excess of grief
!
have forced another into tears, he became a fountain. If a young creature
1
lost herself in a wood, she was made a nymph, or a druid. The likeness of
names also gave rise to several fictions ; thus Alopis was metamorphosed
into a Fox, Cygnus into a Swan, Coronis into a Crow, and Cerambis into a
Beetle. So that however insignificant some of these particulars may appear,
for the formation of such unexpected superstructures as have been raised
on them, yet such was the strange cast of those early days.

Dramatic and Epic poets have, of all others, been the most forward in
adopting fables. The first, to make their shows more interesting, have
filled the action of their pieces with fiction, and have not scrupled to in
troduce the Gods themselves to unravel their plots ; while the latter
abound in designs no less extravagant.

Hesiod and Homer were indebted to fables for their principal ornaments ;
and beside these, several other authors, both poets and historians, adopted
viii AN ESSAY ON FABULOUS COMPOSITIONS.

that plan, viz : Nicander the Colophonian, Heraclitus of Pontus, Anticlides,

Silenus of Chios, Phylarchus, Theodorus, Berosus, and Apolodorus. Strabo
has a remarkable passage to this purpose. " Nor," says he, 66 were poets
" alone in the use of fables ; critics and lawgivers adopt them also
" both for their utility and agreeableness to the inclination of a rational
" creature. Man is desirous of knowledge, and fables open to him the way.
" By them children are engaged to attend to what is told them, as every
" fable is a new story ; and nothing delights the understanding more than
" what is new and strange ; the foundation of that esteem which has ever
" been paid to the sciences. But if the wonderful and marvellous are
" added to fables, they infinitely increase our delight, and are the first in
" ducements to learn. It is therefore highly proper to make use of fable
" to engage the tender minds of youth to the love of knowledge."

In general it may be said of Ovid, that he had a most extensive wit, a

quick and lively fancy, and a just conception, which appears by his tender,
agreeable, and sublime expressions. We find in him an interesting manner
of relating a story, by inserting in their due places those little circumstances
so essential to attract our attention. We may even venture to say, that he
was so perfect a master in his way, as not to leave any doubt of his pro
phetic declaration respecting the success and duration of his work.

The work is finish'd, which dreads not the rage

Of tempests, fire, or sword, or wasting age :
Come soon or late, Death's undetermin'd day
This mortal being only can decay ;
My nobler part, my fame, shall reach the skies,
And to late times with blooming honours rise.
Whate'er the unbounded Roman power obeys,
1 All climes and nations shall record my praise :
If'tis allow'd to poets to divine,
One half of round eternity is mine.
ト
This prediction has so far proved true, that this POEM has been, ever
since, the source from whence the greatest part of the succeeding ages
have furnished themselves with fancy and allusions, and the most celebrat
ed painters with subjects and designs ; so that an acquaintance with
ancient fable has become a necessary branch of polite literature, as without
 AN ESSAY ON FABULOUS COMPOSITIONS. IX

it, it would be impossible to obtaina competent knowledge ofthe Classics ; to

form a judgment of antiques , medals, statues, or paintings ; or of even the
works ofthe moderns, who, in a great measure, frame their designs, or take
their stories, from one or other of the ancient poets.

The morality that may be drawn from the fables of Ovidis often arbitrary;
while, in other p'aces, it naturally flows fromthe subject. As a proof ofthis,
who does not perceive at first sight, that the storyof Narcissus is an example of
the weakness of self-love ? or that the transformation of the companions of
Ulysses into Swine, ismeant tofigure the dismal consequences of a debauched
and voluptuous life ? The protectiongiven to Deucalion and Pyrrha, is there
ward of piety and innocence. The fate of Phaeton shows the rashness ofan
inconsiderateyouth, and that parents frequently indulge their children to their
destruction ; as does that of Midas, that nothing can be more fatal to us, than
to be indulged in many of our wishes.

It is quite otherwisewith regard to the history contained in those ancient fic

tions ; which, with their moral instructions, often convey to us the most im
portant facts. Theseare only discoverable to men ofreading and knowledgein
antiquity, that have resolution to engage with such toilsome and embarrassing
discussions, for which Mons. Banier is not a little remarkable, from the number
ofpieces he has published on this subject, which we have with great freedom
made use of in the course of this undertaking.

At the timethat Ovidwas engaged in his Metamorphosis, human knowledge

had arrived at the highest perfection ; for in the Augustan age lived Horace,
Virgil, Tibullus, and Propertius, with many ofthe most enlightened ofthe phi
losophers, who for refinement oftaste and strength ofjudgment, have not been
exceeded, but have ever sincebeen considered as the standard ofexcellence; yet
in this period of the perfection of the human mind, the religion both of the
Jews and Gentiles stood greatly in need of reformation ; the latter, in respect of
their religious institutions, wereremarkably deplorable ; for whatever advances
theymade in otherparts of learning, contributed nothing totheir information of
the true God. On the contrary, every introduction of some useful art, instead
of leading them to a knowledge of the great Author of Nature, did but
estrange them from Him, as theypaid that homageto the inventor, which was
alone due to Him . Sothat the people becamemore corrupted, as theybecame
more acquainted with His works. Never were themost impure superstitions at
 AN ESSAY ON FABULOUS COMPOSITIONS.

agreater height, or the Deity more disfigured with superfluous rites ; yet in
this state ofcorrupt infidelity, the Roman State was in ornear the meridianof
its glory, and its dominion so extensive as to take in, in Europe, Italy, both
the Gauls, Spain, Greece, Illyricum, Dacia , Pannonia, with part of Britain and
Germany ; in Asia, Asia Minor, Armenia , Syria, Judea, with part of Meso
potamia and Media ; in Africa, Egypt, Numidia, Mauritania, and Lybia, with
a number of islands. At this time all was peace, as Augustus had closed the
Temple of Janus, which had been open for more than two hundred years
Thus far did idolatry triumph, enjoying a state oftranquility that for ages be
fore hadnot been experienced ; and instead of a right knowledge of the Deity,
our author at this period did not more than convey some lessons of morality :
but so blended truth with error, and obscurity with fiction, that he has, as
it were, wrapt in clouds the most important doctrines ; such as the creation
of the world ; the fall of man ; the destruction of the human race by an uni
versal deluge ; the change produced in nature by that great event ; the ori
gin of natural and moral evil, and the final restitution of all things to their
primitive glory and splendour. These, it is true, are most artfully represen
ted in allegories and lessons of Pagan morality. However, in such venera
tion was this method of conveying instruction when properly used, that we
find it is not confined to the profane writers, for the Scriptures, both the
New and the Old, do frequently give the most interesting truths in that
way of which, perhaps, the following are not the least remarkable.

Jotham's fable of the Trees is the oldest that is extant, and as beautiful as
any which have been given since that time. That of the Poor Man and his
Lamb, which Nathan made use of for the instruction of King David, is als
ofvery early antiquity ; the happy effect of this fable is worth attending to?
as it conveyed instruction to the ear of a king, without offending ; and was
so effectual as to bring the man after God's own heart to a sense of his guilt
and his duty. Beside these two, which are preserved in the Scriptures of
the Old Testament, we shall mention another from profane history, of re
markable importance from its happy effects in appeasing a mutiny of the
people in the early days of the Roman Commonwealth, this is the fable of
the Belly and the Members, which appeased an incensed rabble, at a time,
when, perhaps, they would have torn to pieces, any one who should have
preached such doctrine to them in a more direct manner. Fables, doubtless,
must be allowed to have their beginning with the infancy of learning ; yet
they gradually rose into excellence as learning improved, and became as it
were the only medium through which instruction was to be conveyed.
 AN ESSAY ON FABULOUS COMPOSITIONS. xi

Our SAVIOUR, who entered on the office of his love in this æra ofthe Ro
man grandeur, both for knowledge and power, taught his followers in this way,
according to their capacities and dispositions, as he knew well how to be all
things to all men ; therefore we find him very early instructing the people
by a parable ( on the lake of Tiberias ) in the state of the gospel dispensa
tion, and the nature and different effects of the doctrine of Christianity, by
several similitudes, particularly that of the Husbandman who went out to
sow corn. Many others might be pointed out which might well be thought
unneccessary, as they offer themselves to every reader; more especially, as
we have already sufficiently shown the great use that has been made of
fables, parables, and allegories, for conveying the most important truths.

In the course of this ESSAY we have been necessarily led to consider the
state of the human mind, as well as that of human learning , in both which
are discoverable great improvements ; yet, we find, notwithstanding these
great advances, that the method of conveying religious and moral truths in
a fabulous dress, for which Ovid was eminent, was totally insufficient to dis
pel the cloud of darkness in which mankind were involved, respecting a
right knowledge of the Deity, and of a proper mode of worship ; so we may
conclude, that the progress of science in Ovid's age was insufficient indeed
to instruct man in these important matters, and can only be considered as a
useful preparative for the better reception of that purer light, with which
they were soon to be favoured. In this age, the utmost efforts of human
reason to arrive at perfection must have been made, as in it the greatest
ornaments of learning, taste and science shone, which in course has been
particularly pointed out ; and which at this day places their professors in
the highest rank of literature : yet , in whatever cminence they stood, they
only served to mark the insufficiency of the human understanding to bring
men back to the knowledge of the true God by its own natural powers ;
yet it must be allowed to have been indulged with the fairest opportunity
of exerting its own strength, as it never since has been wrought up to great
er, or so great a degree of improvement and penetration, elegance and
acuteness, as at that very time. Philosophy and the sciences were 1 then
more generally cultivated, and learning of almost every degree more com
mon than in any other age of the world ; and therefore this period proved
the critical juncture, the very fulness of time , in which the human race was
to be blessed with the presence of the Son of God ; when all circumstances
were at once conspiring to render it the very fittest season for the glorious
 xii AN ESSAY ON FABULOUS COMPOSITIONS .

purpose, as mankind were then in the most favourable situation to examine

the credentials of our Saviour's mission, and to inquire into the truth and
authority of his doctrine ; beside these desirable circumstances, it had the
advantage ofa very extensive communication (the better to convey the glad
tidings ofthe gospel, ) from the great extent of dominion that was under Au
gustus Cæsar, who also gave to the world a tranquility that had not before
been enjoyed for many ages. So that we may close this ESSAY, and with
the apostle Paul declare this epoch to be, " The very fulness of time, in
" which God would send forth his Son to redeem them that were under the
law, that they might receive the adoption ofsons, and as sons become heirs
" ofeternal life."

These reflections greatly illustrate the subject, and add much to its im
portance, by laying before the young reader a train of incidents, that per
haps would not, (however important ) have been so early the employment
of his mind ; which , whilst led to admire the beauty of the Heathen writers,
is made acquainted that they alone are not to detach it from the great
worth, importance, and superior excellence of the Scriptures, written un
der the influence of the Divine Spirit ; which, while they enforce the most
noble sentiment, display a beauty in composition no where else to be found ;
and above all, make known " the ways ofGod to man.”

75
 P. OVIDII NASONIS

METAMORPHOSEON ,

}
LIBER I.

2 THE ARGUMENT.

METAMORPHOSIS, in Latin transformatio, from μslauoppovolai, to change

one thing for another, or to put on another shape or appearance. Ovid in
$ this fabulous History, describes these transformations, both of things and
1 persons, in a continued series of events from the creation of the worldk
to his own time.

IN nova fert animus mutatas dicere formas 1 Animus fert dicere formas
mutatas in nova corpora. Di
Corpora. Dî, coeptis (nam, a Dî, mutâstis adspirate meis cœptis
(nam,
et illas) Dî, mutâstis et illas) que de
Adspirate meis : primâque ab origine mundi ducite perpetuum carmen ad
Ad meaperpetuum deducite tempora carmen. 4 mea tempora ab primâ origine
mundi.
a vos.

NOTES.

1. In nova, &c.] It is generally the practice may be able to comprise, in a continued

ofpoets, at the very beginning of their works,
first to mention what things they intend to
treat of; after that, to invoke ; and in the
third place, to relate. Here Ovid briefly
mentionsthose things which are to be the sub-
ject of his undertaking ; and then entreats the
assistance of the gods, and, in the last place,
begins his narration from the very beginning
of the world.
Fert, ] Me understood, inclines me, i. e. I
have determined.
Mutatas. ] By an hypallage : for it means
bodies changed into new forms and shapes.
And the poet, intending to treat of the trans
formations of bodies, begins very elegantly
with a changed structure of words, that he
may in some measure shadow out the muta
tion of things by the type of words.
2. Dî. ] He invokes the gods, that they
would be pleased so to assist him, that he
B
poem, the mutations that have been from
the beginning 1 of the world down to his
own time.
Nam Di, &c. ] " For, O Gods ! ye have
changed even them :" and therefore with
great reason, I implore your aid in relating
them.
3. Adspirate. ] Favour : a metaphor taken
from the winds, which while they fill the
ship's sails, are properly said ' aspirare. So
Virgil : " Aspirat primo fortuna labori."
4. Deducite. ] Hand down, draw out the
length, like a thread, all the matter of the
verse. Perpetuum, i. e. continued, without
interruption. So Hor. Lib. I. Od. 6. “ Car
mine perpetuo celebrare." So that one trans
formation may be aptly connected with an
other.
Tempora.] Unto the time of Augustus's
empire.
2 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. I.

FAB. I. CHAOS IN SPECIES.

God reduces the Chaos into order. He separates the four elements, and
disposes the several bodies, of which the universe is composed, into their
proper stations.
Ante mare et tellus et co- ANTE mare et a tellus, et, quod tegit omnia,
lum quod tegit omnia, erat cœlum ,
unus vultus naturæ in toto or
be, quem dixere Chaos ; rudis Unus erat toto Naturæ vultus in orbe,
indigestaque moles ; nec quic- Quem dixere Chaos ; rudis indigestaque moles ;
quam nisi iners pondus, que Nec quicquam nisi pondus iners, congestaque
discordia semina rerum non eodem
bene junctarum congesta eo
dem. Nullus Titan adhuc Non bene junctarum discordia semina rerum. 5
præbebat lumina mundo; Nec Nullus adhuc mundo præbebat lumina Titan ;
Phoebe reparabat nova cornua Nec nova crescendo reparabat cornua Phœbe ;
'crescendo; nec tellus pendebat
in aëre circumfuso, librata Nec circumfuso pendebat in aëre tellus,
suis ponderibus : nec Amphi Ponderibus librata suis ; nec brachia longo
trite porrexerat brachia lon- Margine terrarum porrexerat Amphitrite. 10
go margine terrarum. Que Quaque fuit tellus, illic et pontus, et aër :
qua fuit tellus, illic et pontus
et aër : sic tellus erat instabi- Sic erat instabilis tellus, innabilis unda,
lis, unda innabilis, Aer egens Lucis egens aër : nulli sua forma manebat.
1
lucis : sua formamanebat nul- Obstabatque aliis aliud : quia corpore in una
li. Que aliud obstabat aliis :
quia in uno corpore
a terras..
30
NOTES.

Ante.] This is the narration with which
the poet begins to describe the first mutation
of things. For in the first place he says, all
was a chaos, i. e . a certain confusion of all
things, without any form. Afterward he
relates how the chaos (as the ancient philoso
phers will have it) was changed into Ether,
air, water, and earth and so divided, that
the Æther, on account of its lightness, as
cended to the upper regions, the air to the
next, the water to the third : and the earth,
from its gravity, descended into the lowest.
Calum. ] Whatsoever others conjecture,
that Cœlum is derived either of celando or
cælando, it seems more agreeable to me,
that it took its name απο του κόλου ,
from its concavity.
2. Naturæ. ] Nature is that power, by
which all things are supported.
4. Iners ] Sluggish and homovcable.
Eodem. The seeds and first originals of
things confusedly joined together, disagree
ing among themselves, in the same place.
5. Discordia. From discors .
Semina.] The four Elements.
6. Titan. ] Neither was there any sun to
diffuse light, nor a moon which sometimes
increased, and at other times decreased.
7. Phoebe. ] The moon, which seems to be
renewed every month. Phocbus, the sun ;
Phoebe, the moon ; polos, in Greek, 20
pure.
8. Circumfuso. ] Encompassing it. Nor
did the earth, poised by its own weight, hang
in the air, as it now appears.
9. Brachia. ] So the waters are called the
arms of the ocean, with which it embraces
the earth.
10. Margine.] A margin is the extremity
of a thing ; as though he had said, the ocean
had not yet clasped the extremities of the
earth in its embraces.
Amphitrite. ] The daughter of Oceanus,
the wife of Neptune, of whom Triton was
born. It is here and in other places put for
the sea, so called παρὰ του αμφιτρίβειν
Ty ; because it wears the earth
by washing it.
11. Pontus ] For water. Meton.
Aër.] It is derived, as some will have it,
ἀπὸ του αιρείν , i. e. from elevating or
lifting up.
Instabilis.] Ubi stare non detur : there
was no standing on the land.
13. Nulli.] None of the elements had its
proper figure and nature.
14. Obstabatque . ] The elements fought
among themselves, because there were con
trary qualities in the same subject.
 FAB. I. METAMORPHOSEON . 3

Frigida pugnabant calidis, humentia siccis, 15 humentia Frigida pugnabant calidis,

Mollia cum duris, sine pondere habentia pondus. siccis, molia cum
duris, Labentia pondus (cum)
Hanc Deus et melior litem Natura diremit : sine pondere. Dens et melior
Nam coelo terras, et terris abscidit undas ; Natura diremit haue litem :
Nami abscidit terras celo, et
Et liquidum spisso secrevit ab aëre cœlum. undas terris ; et secrevit li
Quæ postquam evolvit, cæcoque exemit acervo, quidum cœlum ab spisso aëre.
Dissociata locis concordi pace ligavit. 21 Quæ postquam evolvit, que
exemit ceco acervo, ligavit
Ignea convexi vis et sinè pondere cœli dissociața locis concordi pace.
Emicuit, summâque locum sibi legit in arce. Ignea vis convexi cœli et sine
Proximus est aër illi levitate, locoque : pondere emicuit, que legit si
Densior his tellus, elementaquegrandiatraxit, 23 bi locum iu summa arce. Aër
Et pressa est t gravitate sui. Circumfluus humor est proximus illi levitate que
loco. Tellus densior his, qe
Ultima possedit, solidumque coërcuit orbem. traxit grandia elementa, et
est pressa gravitate sui. Cir
a Gravitate sua.. cumfluus humor possedit ultima, que coërcuit solidum orbem ,
1
NOTES.

16. Sine pondere, &c. ] With light. ،، Ha
bentia pondus pugnabant cum rebus sine
pondere. "
Habentia pondus. ] Heavy things.
17. Natura.] God, for it is here taken
expositively, q. d. Nature, or God, i. e. Na
ture.
Diremit.] Put an end to. Contentions
and wars are properly said dirimi, when
they are determined and taken away.
19. Liquidum.] Pure, clear.
Spisso. ] From the thick, in which clouds
and rain are generated.
Secrevit. ] He separated, from secerno.
Coelum. Is here put for ther and Ignis,
which is the most pure and clear, and signi
fies the heavens, and æthereal regions .
20. Quæ, &c.] After God had laid open
the four elements, and brought them out
of t'at mass they call chaos, although they
were separated as to place, yet he joined
them by a certain concord.
22. Ignea. ] Æther and fire, which, bee
cause of their lightness, laid claim the
uppermost place.
Convexi.] A round orbicular body is so
called, when the outside is convex ; the in
side is said to be concave.
25. Legit. ] Elegit, chose.
24. Proximus. ] And came next to fire
and air.
25. Densior. ] Thicker and more heavy..
Elementa. ] Drew the great and heavier
parts from that mass along with itself. Very
well is traxit used ; for all heavy things are
drawn downward by a certain natural
power. An element is a simple body, into
which other bodies are resolved. Some will
have elementum, as if alimentum, from
alendo ; because all mixt bodies are nourishe
ed, cherished, and conserved by them. An
element properly so called, is that which is
first in any thing, and of which the thing
itself is composed ; as letters are the ele
ments of a word. It is also taken for the
first principles and precepts of any art. So
we call the precepts or rudiments of gram
mar, elements. So, according to the opi
nions of ancient philosophers, elements are
taken for these four simple bodies, fire, air,
water, earth ; of the mixture of which, all
inferior bodies, which are properly said to
be mixed, arise.
26. Pressa, &c. ] Kept down. Because
of its gravity, it descended into the lowest
place. Made solid.
Humor. The water.
27. Coërcuit. ] Confined the solid erb of
the earth. For it could not be said to
confine it, unless it surrounded it on every
side.

AN EXPLANATION OF FABLE I

The creation is a mystery above the conception of human reason. The

philosophers, who were never able to comprehend how something could be
produced out of nothing, established this principle, Ex nihilo nihil, et in ni
hilum nil posse reverti. But observing the beauty and admirable structure of
the universe, they were under the necessity of attributing it either to a being
superior to nature, or to nature itself; they therefore supposed a pre-existent
4. P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. I.

matter, which, though at first confused and without form, B was afterward
brought into order by some powerful eause. According to their opinion, God
was not supposed to be the Creator, but rather the architect to range and dis
pose ofthe elements , and to place them in such situations as were most suit
able to their respective qualities. This confusion of matter is the chaos so
often sung by the poets, and of which Hesiod gave them the first model.
It is very perceptible, that this system, however monstrous and absurd, is
no other than a disfigured tradition of the Mosaic creation of the world .
But though disfigured and obscured by the wild imaginations of the poets,
and of all that they have fabled respecting it, we still perceive the force of
some truths, which they could not conceal under their fictions. For a full
explanation of this fable, we need only consult the Bible, and read the two
first chapters of the Book of Genesis, where we shall find its mythology
fully unravelled.

FAB. II. TERRA IN VARIAS PERSONAS .

After the separation of matter, God gives form and regularity to the uni
verse ; and all other living creatures being produced, Prometheus tempered
some earth with water, and moulded it into the form of a human body,
which was animated by Minerva.
1
Ubi quisquis Deorum ille fu- SIC ubi dispositam quisquis fuit ille Deorum,
it, sic dis- Congeriem secuit, sectamque in membra
positam, que redegit sectam
in membra, Principio glo redegit,
meravit terram in speciem Principio terram, ne non æqualis ab omni
magni orbis, ne foret non æ- Parte foret, magni speciem glomeravit in orbis.
qualis ab omni parte. Tum Tum freta diffundi, rapidisque tumescere ventis
jussit freta diffundi, que tu
mescere rapidis ventis, et cir- Jussit, et ambitæ circundare littora terræ. 6
cundare littora ambitæ terræ. Addidit et fontes, " immensaque stagna , lacus
Et addidit fontes, que immen
sa stagna, que lacus ; que que ;
cinxit declivia flumina obli- Fluminaque obliquis cinxit declivia ripis :
quis ripis quæ diversa locis Quæ diversa locis partim sorbentur ab ipsâ ;
partim sorbentur ab ipsâ ; In mare a perveniunt partim, campoque recepta
partim perveniunt in mare,
que recepta campo Conveniunt.

NOTES.

1. Quisquis.] He intimates this God, the
Creator of the world, to be some more
mighty God than those who were common
ly accounted gods. 29
2. Secuit.] He separated and divided.
In membra.] He reduced into parts.
Principio. After he had distinguished
the chaos into their elements, he made the
earth round on all sides, and furnished it
with various things.
Equalis. That it might be equal on
every side.
Glomeravit.] He rounded it like a great
globe or ball, which has every side equal.
Glomerare, is to wind up like a bottom of
thread, which is vound on all sides.
3. Freta.] Narrow seas between two lands
are properly called " freta, à fervendo.”
Rapidis. Boisterous, carrying all things
along with them.
Tumescere. ] To swell and be raised into
a storm .
6. Jussit. He commanded.
Ambitæ.] Encompassed by the sea on
every side. Shores properly belonging to
the sea.
7. Immensa. ] Great marshes.
8. Cinxit. ] He girt, defended.
Declivia.] Gliding downward, shelving.
Ripis. ] Banks properly belong to rivers.
9. Quæ.] He describes the nature of ri
vers. For some of them are absorbed by
the earth itself, some flow into the sea.
Ipsâ. ] Scil. terrâ.
 FAB. II. METAMORFHOSEON 5

Liberioris aquæ, pro ripis littora pulsant. 11 liberioris aquæ pulsant lito
ra pro ripis. Et jussit cam
Jussit et extendi campos, subsidere valles, pos extendi, valles subsidere,
Fronde tegi sylvas, lapidosos surgere montes. sylvas tegi fronde, lapidosos
Utque duæ dextrâ cœlum, totidemque sinistrâ, montes surgere. Utque dua
secant cœlum dextrâ
Parte secant Zonæ, quinta est ardentior illis ; 15 zonæ
parte, que totidem sinistrâ,
Sic onus inclusum numero distinxit eodem quinta est ardentior illis ; sic
Cura Dei : totidemque plaga tellure premuntur. cura Dei distinxit inclusum
Quarumquæ media est, non est habitabilis æstu ; onus eodem numero : que to
Nix tegit alta duas, totidem inter utramque lo- tidem plaga premuntur
re. Quarum tellu
quæ est media,
50
cavit ; 19 non est habitabilis æstu ; alta
Temperiemque dedit, mistâ cumfrigore flammâ. nix tegit duas , que locavit
totidem inter utramque ; que
Imminet his aër; qui, quanto est pondere terræ dedit temperiem, flamma
b
Pondus aquæ levius, tanto est onerosior igni. mistâ cum frigore. Aër im
minet his, qui, quanto pondus aquæ est levius pondere terræ, tanto est onerosior igni.
6 Pondere aquæ levior.
NOTES.

11. Liberioris. ] Because the sea-water is
not confined between narrow banks, as that
of rivers is.
Equore. ] For campus is properly the su
perficies of the earth.
Pulsant. ] They beat. He very elegantly
distinguishes shores from banks ; for we use
littora ofthe sea, and ripe of the rivers.
12. Extendi. ] The plains to be extended.
Subsidere. ] To sink down to the bottom.
Valles ] That oblong concavity (hollow
way) that lies between two neighbouring
mountains, is called a valley. . from which circle to this point are 23 de
13. Fronde. ] Trees to grow in the wood
Lapidosos. ] Craggy mountains torise aloft.
14. Duæ. ] Girdles, circles, for Zavn
is that space of the earth that lies between
the two Tropics, or between either of the
Tropics and the nearest polar circle, or ei
ther of the polar circles and the next polar
point. According to which definition there
are five zones, of which the two outmost
are called frigid, and the middle ones torrid,
and the two between the torrid and the
frigid, temperate. Hence Virg. Georg . 1 .
says thus :
Quinque tenent cœlum zonæ, quarum
una corusco
" Semper sole rubens, et torrida semper ab
igni :
Quam circum extrema dextrâ lævâque
trahuntur,
" Cæruleâ glacie concreta atque imbribus
atris ;
" Has inter mediamque, duæ mortalibus
ægris
Munere concessæ divûm.- They are al
so called zona, because they are certain
broad circles, encompassing heaven and
earth like girdles. The torrid zone is that
which lies between the two tropics of Can
er and Capricorn, in, breadth 47 degrees,
being divided in the middle by the equi
noctial circle. It is called the torrid, from
the continual heat of the sun which it lies
under ; by reason of which it was accounted
by the ancients to be uninhabitable. The
northern temperate zone lies between the
tropic of Cancer and the arctic circle . The
southern temperate zone lies between the
tropic of Capricorn and the antarctic circle.
They are called temperate, because they lie
in the middle between cold and heat. The
northern frozen zone lies between the arc
tic circle and the northern polar point,
grees and a-half. The southern frozen zone
lies between the antarctic circle and the
southern polar point. The two outmost are
called frigid ; they are placed very remote
from the heat of the sun ; and, on account
ofthe intenseness of the cold, were account
ed uninhabitable.
14. Dextrâ. ] Which inclines to the north
pole.
Sinistrâ. Which inclines to the south pole.
15. Quinta. The poet calls the middle
zone the fifth, which he therefore says is
the hotter, as the sun runs through it twice
in a year.
16. Onus. ] The mass. For the earth,
which is ponderous, is confined in five zones.
17. Cura Dei ] The providence of God.
Plage. ] Regions.
18. Estu.] By fervour and excessive'
heat.
19. Locavit.] He placed the two tempe.
rate zones between the two extremes and
middle one.
20. Temperiemque .] They are called
temperate (as is said above,) because they
are placed in the middle between cold and
heat.
22. Onerosior.] More ponderous, more
heavy.
6 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. I.

Et jussit nebulas consistere il- Illic et nebulas, illic consistere nubes

lic, nubes illic, et tonitrua Jussit, et humanas motura tonitrua mentes,
inotura humanas mentes et
ventos facientes frigora cum Et cum fulminibus facientes frigora ventos. 25
fulminibus. Quoque fabrica- His quoque non passim mundi fabricator ha
tor mundi non permisit aëra " bendum
babendum passim his. Nunc
vix obsistitur illis, cum quis Aëra permisit. Vix nunc obsistitur illis,
que regant sua flamina di- Cum sua quisque regant diverso flamina tractu,
verso tractu, quin lanient Quin lanient mundum : tanta est discordia fra
mundum ; discordia fratum trum. 29
est tanta. Eurus recessit ad
Auroram, que Nabathæa reg. Eurus ad Auroram, Nabathæaque regna recessit,
na que Persida et juga subdita Persidaque, et radiis juga subdita matutinis,
matutinis radiis. Vesper et Vesper, et occiduo quæ littora Sole tepescunt,
littora quæ tepescunt occiduo
sole, sunt proxima Zephyro : Proxima sunt Zephyro : Scythiam septemque
horrifer Boreas invasit Scy Trionem
thiam que septem Trionen ; Horrifer invasit Boreas : contraria tellus
que contraria tellus,
c Considere.
9
NOTES,

23. Illic.] In that air.
Nebula . ] Thick vapours (fogs,) that do
not ascend very far from the earth and wa
iers.
Nubes. ] A moist dense vapour carried
up as far as the middle region of the air ;
and there being condensed by cold, it shades
the Heaven from us.
24. Tonitrua. ] A sound which a dry ex
halation, shut up within a dry and thick
cloud, makes when bursting, as with a violent
blow.
25. Fulminibus. ] Thunder and wind, pro
ducing cold, are begotten in the air. Ful
men, is a fiery exhalation breaking out of
a cloud with a great force. The wind is an
exhalation large and copious, proceeding
out of the earth ; which, being repelled and
repressed by resisting cold, is by little and
little turned aside, and rushes with force
through the air.
27. Vix.] The violence of the wind is
very hardly resisted ; or it is a hard matter
to stand against the force of winds, although
there is a proper place assigned to every
one of them ; so that if they had the liber
ty of the whole air, all nature would be de
stroyed.
Obsistitur.] A verb impersonal : and ob
serve, that no verb neuter, as obsisto, is ever
formed passively, but as an impersonal.
28. Sua flamma. ] Their blasts.
Quisque. ] Scil. ventus.
Diverso. ] In. different regions, Eurus
from the East, Zephyrus from the West,
Auster fromthe South, and Boreas fromthe
North.
29. Lanient. ] They would rend in pieces,
Fratrum . ] Because they are fabled to be
the sons of Aurora and Astræus the giant.
30, Eurus. ] The principal or cardinal
winds are here described, which blow from
the four Cardines, i . e. principal points of
the world, the East, West, South. and North,
from whence they are called Cardinal.
Auroram. This blows from the Equinoc
tial east, which, with its collateral winds, is
moderately warm, dry, and serene, and the
most healthful of all, and renders bodies
lively and soft.
Nabathæaque. ] Eastern. For Nabath (as
history says, ) the son of Ishmael, (as is re
lated, ) with his eleven brethren, possessed all
that part of the earth from Euphrates to
the Red Sea, and named it the province of
Nabathaa, whence they were called the Na
bathæan kingdoms.
31. Persidaque. ] Persis, which is called
Persia, it is a region bordering upon India.
Radiis.] To the rays of the rising sun.
Juga. ] The tops of the mountains ex
posed to.
32. Vesper.] Zephyrus (which the La
tins call Favonius, because it sufficiently fa
vours all things,) is opposite to Eurus, pro
ceeds from the western equinoctial, and with
• its collateral side-winds is cold, moist, cloudy,
tempestuous, and inclining to rain, less
healthful both to bodies and minds.
33. Scythiam.] A region situated north
ward, so called from king Scytha
Trionem.] The ploughing oxen or
Charles' Wain. Seven stars are so posited in
that part of the Heaven, that they seem to
resemble a waggon with oxen, and are called
Septentriones, and give the name Septentrio
to that quarter of the world. But I make
it Septemtrio, following the best copies ;
so does " Virgil : Talis hyperborea septem
subjecta Trioni, Quem effræna virum." He
insius.
54. Horrifer. ] Causing shiveringand cold.
} FAB. II. METAMORPHOSEON.
Nubibus assiduis, pluvioque madescit ab Aus- madescit assiduis nubibus al
tro,
Hæc super imposuit liquidum et gravitate ca- gravitate, nec habentem quic
rentem
Æthera, nec quicquam terrenæ fæcis habentem. Vix dissepserat omnia ca certis
Vix ea limitibus dissepserat omnia certis :
Cum, quæ pressa diu massâ latuere sub illâ,
Sidera cœperunt toto effervescere cœlo.
Neu regio foret ulla suis animantibus orba ;
Astra tenent cœleste solum, formæque Deorum : solum : undæ cesserunt habi
Cesserunt nitidis habitandæ piscibus undæ :
Terra feras cepit : volucres agitabilis aër.
Sanctius his animal, mentisque capacius altæ, 45 que capacius altæ mentis,
NOTES.
Boreas. ] This blows fromthe north, which
with its side-winds is cold and dry (for it
passes through cold, snowy places,) and
therefore produces hail, snow, thunder :
purges the air, and strengthens bodies.
35. Pluvioque. ] The south wind is warm
and moist, and therefore rainy (for it blows
over the sea from moist and warm places,)
from the south. Others reckon more winds,
which they call collateral or side-winds,
which are added to the sides of the cardinal
winds, as associates and companions : so
that in the whole there are twelve, compre
hended in these verses.
" Flat Subsolanus, Vulturnus et Eurus ab
" Ortu :
“ Circius occasum, Zephyrusque, Favonius
" affiant.
" Et media de parte die Notus, Africus,
" Auster :
"Conveniunt Aquilò, Boreas, et Corus ab
" Arcto."
36. Hæc.] The sky is placed above the air
in which the winds reign, which is free from
all gravity and perturbation : and Æther is
derived either ἀπὸ του αει θείν, from
always running, or anò rou aibelv , from
burning, and is said by Cicero to be the
heaven, in which the fiery bodies run their
determinate courses.
37. Nec. ) Sig. et non.
38. Dissepserat .) Had distinguished, viz.
God and better nature.
Certis.) By fixed and immutable limits.
39. Mass .) Under the mass itself, or
under that heap which the ancients called
Chaos.
40. Sidera.) Sidus is a sign composed of
many stars, as Aries, Taurus, &c. Stellæ,
stars, as single and by themselves, and not
mixed with others, as the planets.
41. Neu ) The parts of the world were
7
35 pluvio Austro. Imposuit li
quidum Æthera, et carentem
quamterrenæ fæcis, superhæc.
limitibus ; cum sidera, quæ la
tuèrediu pressa sub illâ massa,
coeperunt effervescere toto
40 cœlo. Neu ulla regio foret or
ba suis animantibus : astraque
formæ Deorum, tenent cœleste
tandæ nitidis piscibus : Terra
eepit feras : agitabilis aër vo
lucres. Sanctius animal his,
so adorned with animals, that the gods and
stars possest the heavens : the fishes obtained
the seas : the beasts occupied the earth ; and
the air was assigned to the fowls.
Suis. ) Proper and agreeable to it.
Orba.) Deprived.
42. Astra.) He followsthe opinion ofthose
who say, the gods and stars are living beings.
Solum. ] Is whatsoever sustains any thing,
as the sea is said to be the Sok m of ships and
fishes ; the earth, ofmen ; the air, of fowls ;
the heavens, of the stars and gods ; whence
we call one's own country Natale Solum :
and say, that one that is banished from his
own country, is as it were cast out from his
native soil.
43 Cesserunt.) Submitted themselves ; ce
dere sometimes signifies, to become any
one's right, as hoc mihi cedit, i. e. comes
to be my property ; otherwise cedere is to
go away, and give place.
Nitidis. ) Because of the glittering of
their scales, which, like a looking-glass, re
flects the light.
44. Terra.) The earth received the brute
animals.
Volucres ) Birds, so called à volando ;
concerning this, 2 de Arte :
" Sylva feras, aër volucres accepit habendas;
" In liquidâ pisces delituistis aquâ.”
Agitabilis. ) Moveable, because it is easi
ly driven hither and thither.
45. Sanctius. ) Man was created out ofthe
mould of the earth, after the likeness of
God, the last of all living creatures, whether
by God the Maker of the whole world, which
is true ; or by Prometheus the son of Iape
tus, as the poets have feigned.
His.) Than beasts, fishes, and birds, not
gods.
Capacius.) Capable of still higher facal
ties, than the other animals, on account of
reason, which man only is endowed with,
8 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. I.

et quod posset dominari in ca Deerat adhuc, et quod dominariin cæteraposset.

sera, deerat adhuc. Homo est Natus homo est. Sive hunc divino semine fecit
natus. Sive ille opifex rerum,
origo melioris mundi, fecit Ille opifex rerum, mundi melioris origo ;
bunc divino semine ; sive re- Sive recens tellus, seductaque nuper ab alto
eens tellus, que seducta nu- there, cognati retinebat semina coli ; 50
per ab alto Æthere, retinebat
semina cognati cœli : quam, Quam satus läpeto, mistam fluvialibus undis,
mistam fluvialibus undis, sa- Finxit in effigiem moderantûm cuncta Deorum.
tus Täpeto finxit in effigiem Pronaque cùm spectent animalia cætera terram ,
Deorum moderantum cuncta. Os homini sublime dedit, cœlumque tueri
Que cum cætera animalia
spectent terram prona, dedit Jussit, et erectos ad sidera tollere vultus. 55
sublime os homini, que jussit Sic, modò quæ fuerat rudis et sinè imagine , tellus
tueri cœlum, et tollere erec- Induit ignotas hominum conversa figuras.
tos vultus ad sidera. Sic tellus,
quae modo fuerat rudis et sine imagine, conversa induit ignotas figuras hominum .

NOTES.

and is called a particle of the divine nature.
46. Quod.) Which should have the com
mand of the rest ; for God put all things
under man's dominion.
48. Opifex.) The Creator : for God is the
author of all things.
49. Seductaque.) Separated.
50 Cognati. ) Born together. For the
earth and heavens are said to have both
proceeded from the heap which is called
chaos.
51. Iäpeto.) The son of Iapetus, viz.
Prometheus.
52. Finxit. ) Hath formed.
Effigiem.) After the likeness and image.
Moderantum.) Governing and ruling.
Pronaque.) When other animals incline
toward the earth, man only is endowed
with a countenance erected toward heaven,
that he may continually contemplate on
God, after whose image he is created, and
behold the heavens from whence he had his
original
56. Modo.) Lately, a little before.
Imagine.) As to its form.
59. Induit.) Assumed the figure of man,
till then unknown.
Conversa. ] Being changed, by the Crea
tor.

EXP. FAB. II. The poets, in relating the manner by which the chaos
has been reduced to order, made use of the natural philosophy of their
time, conceived merely on the observations of the senses. However, it is
discoverable by certain strokes, that they either consulted tradition or the
scriptures : this appears more particularly in the formation of man ; who, in
Ovid, as in the Book of Genesis, is the last work of the Creator. It is dis
coverable, however disfigured by his fabulous mixtures, to bethe same event.
Prometheus, who is said to temper the earth, and Minerva , to animate his
workmanship, emblematically represent the great CREATOR of all things,
who formed man, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and
endued him with faculties, which distinguish him from the other creatures
of the universe. For the particulars of Prometheus and other opinions of
the ancients, respecting the creation, &c. see Boyse's Pantheon, page 13.

FAB. III. MUNDUS IN SECULA QUATUOR DISTRIButus. AUREUM.

After the formation of Man, the most perfect work of the creation, the
world became divided into four ages. The first is called the Golden Age,
when a perfect innocence of manners reigned, and the inhabitants lived
in soft tranquility, enjoying the earth's spontaneous fruits in the deli
cacy of fuil ripeness.
 6
FAB. III. METAMORPHOSEON.

Aurea ætas est prima sata,

AUREA prima sata est ætas, quæ, vindice quæ sua sponte colebat fidem
nullo,
Sponte sua, sine lege, fidem rectumque colebat . que rectum, sine lege, nullo
Poena que metus
Poena metusque aberant ; nec verba minacia fixɔ aberant : nec minacia verba
Ære legebantur ; nec supplex turba timebant legebantur fixo ære ; nec sup
Judicis ora sui : sed erant sine a vindice tuti. 5 plex turba timebant ora sui
judicis ; sed erant tuti sine
Nondum cæsasuis , peregrinum utviseret orbem, vindice Pinus, cæsa suismon
Montibus in liquidas pinus descenderat undas; tibus, nondum descenderat
Nullaque mortales, præter sua, littora nôrant, peregri in ' liquidas undas, ut viseret
num orbem : que mor
Nond um præcipites cingebant oppida fossæ ; tales nôrant nulla littora, præ
Non tuba directi, non æris cornua flexi, 10 ter sua. Præcipites fossæ non
cingebant oppida ; non
Non galeæ, non ensis erant : sine militis usu dum
tuba directi æris, non córnua
Mollia securæ peragebant otia mentes. flexi, non galeæ, non ensis
Ipsa quoque immunis rastroque intacta, nec ullis erant : securæ mentes perage
Saucia vomeribus, per se dabat omnia tellus ; bant mollia otia sine usu mi
Contentique cibis nullo cogente creatis, 15 litis. Quoque tellus ipsa im
munis, que intacta rastro,
nec saucia ullis vomeribus, dabat omnia per se ; que contenti cibis creatis nullo
a Judice. b Gentes.

NOTES.
1. Aurea.) The four ages seem to have for the whole, as Peregrinum orbem is, a
been caused by the various manners of men, strange world,
to which names are given according to the Viseret,) To go to see.
quality of metals. The first was called the 7. Pinus.) The tree. The species for the
Golden Age, because, in that time, when Sa genus. For the pine-tree is a mountain-tree,
turn reigned, men flourished, who were of of which ships were made.
manners. The Second is called the
" thebest 8. Mortales.) Men. Nôrantfor noverant.
Silver Age, because at the time when Jupi 9. Nondum.) Then there were no towns.
ter began to reign, men began to incline to Præcipites.) Deep.
vice. The third was the Brazen, which 10. Tuba.) No warlike instruments were
was employed in wars. The fourth the Iron then made use of. The Romans made use
E Age, because in it men abstained from no of the Tuba, the Buccina, and the Cornua in
kind of cruelty. their armies.
Sata.) Was sown, or caused by the man Non æris, &c.) Litui. For the Lituus was
ne.s of men. a bended trumpet or French horn.
Vindice.) Punisher. 11. Galeæ.) An helmet ; an iron covering
Į 2. Rectum.) Honesty and virtue. for the head.
· 4.) Ere.) Neither were laws nor edicts Usu. ) The Help, i. e. without wars and
engraven in brass, and, that they might be battles.
F read by all, affixed to public walls ; for it was 12. Mollia. ) Soft, from the effect, because
1
a custom among the Romans to cause the de it makes raan soft and effeminate.
1 crees of the Senate, and other public laws, 13. Ipsa.) The earth, without any tillage,
to be engraven in brass, and to be affixed in did abundantly supply all things necessary
some public place to be publicly read. for the food of living creatures ; from whence
5. Judicis.) For in thetime of the Golden Virgil says, 1 Geor. Ante Jovem, &c.
Age there was no judge, seeing all did right Immunis.) Free either from tillage or
of their own accord. sowing of seed.
Ora.) The face and countenance. Rastro.) An instrument fitted for tilling
Vindice.) For there were no judges, no the ground, and so called à radendo ; because
executioners, no avengers of capital offences, it shaves the earth ; a harrow.
por any prisons. 14. Saucia. ] Wounded ; for when the
Tuti.) Secure and out of all danger. earth is cut with ploughs, it seems as it were
6. Nondum.) No one had then built a to suffer great wounds. #
ship for sailing ; for every one was content 15. Cogente.) Tilling the field ; for he
with his own place. that tills the fields seems, as it were, to com
Peregrinum. ) Strange lands. The part pel them to bring forth fruit,
C
10 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB.

cogente legebant arbuteos fo- Arbuteos foetus, montanaque fragra legebant,

tus, queetmontana
corna, in Cornaque, et in duris hærentia mora rubetis ;
fragra, que
mora hærentia
duris rubetis, et glandes quæ Et quæ deciderant patulâ Jovis arbore glandes.
deciderant patula arbore Jo- Ver erat æternum ; placidique tepentibus auris
vis. Ver erat æternum ; que Mulcebant Zephyri natos sine semine flores. 20
placidi Zephyri mulcebant Mox etiam fruges tellus inarata ferebat ;
flores natos sine semine te
pentibus auris Etiam tellus Nec renovatus ager gravidis canebat aristis.
inarata mox ferebat fruges : Flumina jam lactis, jam flumina nectaris ibant :
s canebat
gravidis renovatu
nec ageraristis. Jamflumina Flavaque de viridi stillabant ilice mella.
lactis, jam flumina nectaris ibant : que flava mella stillabant de viridi ilice.

NOTES.

16. Arbuteos.) The fruit of a low tree
which resembles a strawberry, and ripens in
our winters,
Montanaque. ] Which are gathered on
the mountains.
17. Cornaque.) Wild Cherries.
Duris.) Sharp, thorny.
Rubetis. ) In uncultivated and thorny
places (hedges.)
18. Et quæ. ) The first men .fed upon
Acorns that fell from oaks, trees consecrated
to Jupiter.
19 Eternum.) There were then no va
riations of times, but the south winds con
stantly blowing did so cherish the flowers,
growing without culture, that it seemed a
continual spring-time.
20. Mulcebant. ) They did so mitigate
and cherish, that they did not wither with too
much heat nor too much cold.
21. Fruges. ) All fruits whatsoever grow
out of the ground, and are called Fruges,
among which apples are numbered.
22. Nec renovatus.) Then there was no
need to till the ground, seeing it brought
forth fruit every year without tillage. No
valis is a Periphrasis ; for novalis is a fallow
ed land that is sown every second year.
Canebat.) Became hoary. For fields full
of ripe corn, seem as it were to be hoary.
From caneo, for the a is long.
Aristis. ) With full ears ofgrain ; for he has
put aristis, which are the beards of the ear
ofcorn that first wither (from whence they
take their name,) for the ears themselves.
23. Nectaris.) Nectar is said to be the
drink ofthe Gods.
24. Stillabant.) Fell drop by drop.
Ilice.) From the Holm Oak ; for the ilex
is a mast-bearing tree belonging to Jupiter.

EXP. FAB. III. The Golden Age here mentioned by Ovid, is a conti
nuation of his tradition of the creation, and the state of man during his in
nocence, but so disfigured by fiction, as best to answer the poet's intentions,
and a compliance with his times, as truth then scarce ever appeared in any
other dress, particularlywhen communicated by suchwriters. He had learned
that the first man lived for some time in perfect innocence ; that the ground
in the garden of Eden furnished him, without tillage, food in abundance, with
every fruit his desires could wish for ; that the animals were peaceable,
obedient and submissive to his orders ; and, as the Scriptures express it,
The Lamb and the Lion lay down together. That, after his fall, the earth
became unfruitful, and did not yield any thing but with the hardest labour
and that all nature revolted, and no longer acknowledged man for his
master, who, for his disobedience, was adjudged to eat his bread in the
sweat of his brow. The state of innocence is the Golden Age so much
celebrated by our poet ; and his Eden he has placed in Italy, where his
rivers flowed with milk and honey ; and what he has said of the reign of
Saturn and Janus, is a fictitious representation of what the holy Scriptures
have recorded of Adam and Noah.
FAB. IV. METAMORPHOSEON . 11

FAB. IV. ANNUS IN TEMPORA QUATUOR. SECULUM ARGENTEUM ,

ENEUM ET FERREUM .

Next to these days of innocence followed the Silver Age, when men began
to know good from evil, and their nature became corrupt, and conse
quently less happy than in the Golden age. In the Brazen, which suc
ceeded, men became more wicked ; but the full measure of their wicked
ness is reserved for that of the Iron , when they became truly abominable,
and did all manner of wickedness with greediness.

POSTQUAM, Saturno tenebrosa in Tartara . Postquam, Saturno misso

in tenebrosa Tartara, mundus
misso, erat sub Jove ; argentea pro
Sub Jove mundus erat ; subiit argentea proles les subiit, deterior auro, pre
Auro deterior, fulvo pretiosior ære. tiosior fulvo ære. Jupiter con
traxit tempora antiqui veris :
Jupiter antiqui contraxit tempora veris :
que exegit annum quatuor
Perquehyemes, æstusque, et inæquales autumnos, spatiis, per hyemes, que æstus
Et breve ver, spatiis a exegit quatuor annum. 6 et inæquales autumnos, et
breve ver. Tum primum aër
Tum primum siccis aër fervoribus ustus candu
Canduit; et ventis glacies adstricta pependit. ustus siccis fervoribus
it; et glacies pependit ad
Tum primum subiere domos. Domus antra stricta ventis. Tum primum
fuerunt, subiere domos. Domus fu
Et densi frutices et vinctæ cortice virgæ. 10 erunt antra, et densi frutices,
et virgæ vinctæ cortice.
a divisit.

NOTES.

1. Postquam.) To the Golden Age, in which
Saturn reigned, the Silver followed, in which
Jupiter reigned : which, as it is worse than
the Golden Age, so it is better than the
Brazen.
Saturno.) After Saturn, the governor of
the Golden Age, was driven out of his king
dom of Crete, by Jupiter, his son, and was
banished to hell. For Saturn, the son of
Vesta, being dispossessed of his kingdom by
the Titans, was afterward reinstated by his
Son Jupiter, who in the end drove him
out of Crete, when he fled to Janus King
of Italy, by whom being kindly received,
and taken in as a partner in the kingdom, he
built a city where Rome now stands, which
he called Saturnia, after , his own name.
Hence Virgil, 8 Æn. Primus ab æthereo, &c.
Tenebrosa.) Full of darkness.
Tartara.) From Tartarus, it is a very
deep place among the Inferi. The declen
sion irregular.
2. Sub.) Under the government of Jupiter,
who is said to be the son of Saturn and Ops,
and brought forth at one birth with Juno ;
he was called Jupiter (as Cicero writes) as
though Juvans pater.
4. Antiqui.) Of that perpetual one, with
which the Golden Age was blessed.
Contraxit.) He shortened. Veris from ver.
5. Estusque. ) The Summer.
6. Breve ver.) In comparison of that per
petual one, the Spring is said to be short.
Spatiis.) Measures of times, for each
quarter of the year consists of three months.
' Exegit.) He digested.
7. Tum primum. ) After Saturn was ex
pelled by Jupiter.
8. Canduit.) It seemed to glow, because
of the excessive heat.
Ventis.) By Boreas, and other cold winds ;
for, by the coldness of wind, water is con
gealed into ice.
Adstricta. ) Bound together, congealed,
frozen.
Pependit.) From the trees, the covering,
the leaves.
10. Vincta.) Hurdles, or something like,
made of the barks of trees and twigs joined
together, which they then made use of in
stead of houses. Of this, De Art. 2.
Tum genus húmanum solis errabat in agris ;
Hisque meræ vires, et rude corpus erat.
Sylva domus fuerat, domus herba, cubilia
frondes :
Jamque diu nulli cognitus alter erat.
12 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. I.

Tum primum Cerealia semi- Semina tum primum longis Cerealia sulcis
na sunt obruta longis sulcis, Obruta sunt, pressique jugo gemuere juvenci.
que juvenci pressi jugo ge
muere. Enea proles succe Tertia post illas successit ænea proles,
dit tertia post illas, sævior in- Sævior ingeniis, et ad horrida promptior arma ;
geniis, et promptior ad horri- Nec scelerata tamen. De duro est ultima ferro.
da arma; non tamen scelerata.
Ultima est de duro ferro. Pro- Protinus irrupit venæ pejoris in ævum 16
tinus omne nefas irrumpit in Omne nefas ; fugêre pudor, verumque, fidesque :
ævum pejoris venæ : pudor In quorum subiêre locum fraudesque dolique,
que verum, que fides fugere : Insidiæque, et vis, et amor sceleratus habendi.
in locum quorum que fraudes,
que doli, que insidiæ, que vis, Vala dabat ventis, nec adhuc bene noverat illos,
et sceleratus amor habendi, Navita; quæque diu steterant in montibus altis,
subiêre. Navita dabat vela Fluctibus ignotis insultavêre carinæ. 22
ventis, nec adhuc bene nove
rat illos ; que carinæ, quæ din Communemque priùs, ceu lumina solis et auras,
steterant in altis montibus, in- Cautus humum longo signavit limite mensor.
sultavêre ignotis fluctibus. Nec tantum segetes alimentaque debita dives 25
Que cautus mensor signavit Poscebatur humus ; sed itum est in viscera terræ;
humum communem prius, ceu
lumina solis et auras, longo Quasque recondiderat, Stygiisque admoverat
limite. Nec tantum dives hu- Effodiuntur opes irritamenta malorum . (umbris,
mus poscebatur sagetes que Jamquenocens ferrum,ferroque nocentius aurum
debita alimenta ; sed itum est
in viscera terræ ; que opes, irritamenta malorum, quas recondiderat que admoverat Stygiis
umbris, effodiuntur. Que jam nocens ferrum, que aurum nocentius ferro,
b dabant :

NOTES.
11. Semina.) Then men first began to
plough and sow.
Cerealia.) Bread-corn ; for Ceres was the
first that shewed men the use of bread-corn,
who used before to live upon acorns.
13. Tertia. ) The Brazen Age, which is
called Ænea, succeeded the Silver Age, the
men of which were indeed warlike, but yet
were free from notorious vices.
14. Sevior.) Fiercer, more cruel thanthe
Silver Age.
Horrida.) Terrible, striking terror.
15. De duro, ) The last Age took its name
from Iron, the hardest of metals, because of
brutish manners . For leaving the virtues of
that Age, men did so embrace vice, that all
honesty seemed to have forsaken the earth.
16, Irrupit. ) Entered with violence.
Venæ.) Of a worse metal ; for veins are
not only said of animals, but also of metals.
19. Vis.) Violence.
Amor.) Covetousness, which therefore is
called wicked, because it drives men to every
wickedness, and makes them wicked.
20. Vela dabat. ) Did sail ; he proves the
men of the Iron Age to have given them
selves up too much to covetousness ; in that,
when they were unskilful of navigation, they
committed themselves to the winds, the na
ture ofwhich they knew not.
21. Navita.) For Nauta the Master, or
Mariner, by the figure Epenthesis.
22. Insultavêre. ) They seemed as it were
to take leaps. Bounded.
23. Communemque.) Then first of all the
earth, which before was common, began to
be divided,
24. Cautus. ) The Provident.
Limite.) Bound, They were called mea
surers, who distinguished lands by limits.
25. Nec tantum.) The earth was not only
forced to produce fruits, but also precious
stones and metals were dug out of the
bowels of it.
26. Itum.) By digging they went down
into the most inward parts of the earth.
27. Recondiderat. ) Scil. terra.
Stygiisque.) The infernal. He follows the
opinion of those who say hell is in the
centre ofthe earth.
Admoverat. ) Had placed near.
28. Opes.) Precious stones, gold and silver.
Irritamenta. ) The allurements and insti
gations to commit evil
29. Nocens ferrum.) For of the iron are
made swords, wherewith men are killed.
Nocentius. ) for the sake of getting gold,
all the greatest and foulest villanies are
committed : whence Virgil.
Quid non mortalia pectora cogis, auri
Sacra fames ?
 FAB. IV. METAMORPHOSEON . 13

Prodierata : prodit bellum, quod pugnat utro- prodierat ; bellum prodit,

quod pugnat utroque ; que
que ; concutit crepitantia arma san
Sanguineâque manu crepitantia concutit arma. guineâ manu. Vivitur ex rap
Vivitur ex rapto. Non hospes ab hospite tutus, to. Hospes non tutus ab hos
Non socer à genero: fratrum quoque gratia rara pite,
quoquenon socer à genero
gratia fratrum est ra:
Imminet exitio vir cònjugis, illa mariti : [est. ra. Vir imminet exitio con
Lurida terribiles miscent aconita novercæ : 35 jugis, illa mariti ; terribiles
novercæ miscent lurida aco
Filius ante diem patrios inquirit in aimos.
nita : filius inquirit in patrios
Victa jacet Pietas . et virgo cæde madentes annos ante diem. Pietas jacet
Ultima cœlestûm terras Astrea reliquit. victa et virgo Astræa, ulti
ma cœlestum, reliquit terras madentes cæde.
a Prodierant.

NOTES.
5
30. Prodit. ) From Prodeo, is, ivi.
Utroque. ) Both with the sword and with
gold; for victory uses to reside in those
camps in which there is most gold and
money.
5 31. Sanguineâque.) Bloody. The poet at
tributes to war, hands, and sense, as to a man.
Crepitantia . ) Resounding, crashing.
32. Rapto.) By rapine.
Hospes. ) For he is properly called hospes
who entertains, or is entertained by another
privately, and out of friendship.
33. Gratia. ) Concord.
e 35. Lurida) Metaphorically, terrible
things are called dreadful, pale, black.
Terribiles.) Cruel toward their children
in-law.
Aconita. ) Poisons. Aconitum is a verypoi
sonous herb, that proceeded first from the
form ofthe dog Cerberus, upon a whet-stone ;
for ' Axovy, in the Greek signifies a
whet-stone, and thence Aconitum is derived.
36. Inquirit. ) The son sonsults fortune
tellers, whether his father shall live many or
few years.
37. Jacet.) Is in no esteem, lies neglected.
Pietas.) Piety is despised. Piety is pro
perly spoken of the duty we owe to God,
to our country, to our parents, and to those
we are allied to by blood.
Virgo.) Justice, who is said to be the
daughter of the giant Astrus : or, as others
will have it, of Jupiter and Themis.
Cæde.) By shedding of blood ; concern
ing this, Lib. I. Fast.
" Nondum justitiam facinus mortale fu
gârat,
Ultima de superis illa reliquit humum.

EXP. FAB. IV. After the Chaos was reduced into order, Ovid relates in
what manner the year was divided into four seasons . It appears by the order
the poet observes, that, during the Golden Age a perpetual Spring reign
1 ed over the earth, and that the division of the year into seasons was not
known till the Silver Age, which our poet makes to succeed the Golden,
and the Brazen to follow. The Iron Age, which came last, continues to
this day. However artfully our poet has wrought this fiction of his seasons
and alteration of times, it is perceptible they are performed on the great
degeneracy of the human species, which is related in the Scriptures to have
commenced immediately after man's loss of innocence ; the particulars of
which you will find related in the 3d. Chapter of the Book of Genesis, and
from that time gradually encreased, which our author figuratively expresses
by his Four Ages, until their vices became so abominable, as in after ages
to be worse than brutes, which ancient history, both sacred and profane,
doth abundantly show. Which latter state is his Iron Age.
Our poet does not appear to be consistent in his Golden Age, which he
supposes to be filled up with the reign of Saturn, as during that time we
may observe most bloody wars and most horrid crimes ; for Saturn, in order
to ascend the throne of Coelus his father, expelled him; who met with no
 14 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. I.

better treatment from his son Jupiter, who established his throne on the
destruction of his family, and which he did not enjoy in peace from the
attempts made by the giants to oppose him.

FAB. V. GIGANTUM SANGUIS IN HOMINES.

The Giants having attempted to render themselves masters of Heaven, Ju

pitër buried them under those very mountains, which they heaped one
upon another, to facilitate the assault ; and the earth, having animated A
their blood, forms out of it a cruel and fierce generation of men.

Neve arduus æther foret NEVE foret terris securior arduus æther,
securior terris, ferunt Gigan- Affectâsse ferunt regnum cœleste Gigantas,
tas affectâsse cœleste regnum,
que struxisse montes conges- Altaque congestos struxisse ad sidera montes.
tos ad alta sidera. Tumom- Tumpater omnipotens misso perfregitOlympum
nipotens pater perfregit O- Fulmine, et excussit αa subjecto Pelio Ossam. 5
lympum misso fulmine, et Obruta mole suâ cum corpora dira jacerent,
excussit Ossam Pelio subjecto.
Cum corpora dira jacerent Perfusam multo natorum sanguine terram
obruta suâ mole, ferunt ter- Immaduisse ferunt, calidumque animâsse cruorem :
ram, perfusam multo san Et, ne nulla feræ stirpis monumenta manerent,
guine natorum, immaduisse,
que animâsse calidum cruo In faciem vertisse hominum. Sed et illa propago
rem : et, ne nulla monumen- Contemptrix Superûm, sævæque avidissima cœ
ta manerent feræ stirpis, ver dis, 11
tisse in faciemhominum. Sed Et violenta fuit.
" Scires è sanguine natos."
et illa propago fuit contemp
trix Superûm, que avidissima sævæ cædis, et violenta. Scires natos è sanguine.
a Subjectum Pelion Ossæ. b Merito.

NOTES.

1 Arduus.) The lofty heaven. 8. Calidumque.) To have animated the

1. Affectâsse. ) To have sought after with
anxiety and the most ardent desire. For
"affectare" signifies to aim at any thing too
resolutely.
Gigantas.) Men of the most huge bodies ;
sons of the earth without a father.
4. Pater.) Jupiter.
Olympum. ) A very high mountain in Ma
cedonia. But very often, as also in this place,
Olympus is put for Heaven itself.
5. Excussit.) He shook off.
Pelio. ) They are mountains of Thessaly.
6. Obruta.) Overwhelmed with their bulk
and weight.
Dira.) Cruel.
7. Sanguine. ) For the giants were the
sons of the earth.
warm blood.
9. Et.) And lest that no memorial ofthe
barbarous offspring might remain.
Monumenta. ) The memoryof its offspring.
For whatsoever is made for the remembrance
of posterity, is called Monumentum.
10. Faciem. ) Into human shapes, and last
of all inte men. The entire form or ap
pearance a thing makes,
Illa.) But that progeny, which sprang
from the race of the giants, was impious
toward the Gods, aud void of all humanity
and equity.
12. Scires. You might know them to have
been begotten of the blood of giants, by
their propensity to murder.

EXP. FAB . V. Whatever embellishment the poets, after Hesiod, have

mingled with the Fable of the Giants, one may readily perceive, that it has
its foundation in history, and upon some attempt made upon Jupiter. And
1 if we would enter into the true sense of the fable, we must have other con
ceptions of this pretended Deity, than the ancients had, and consider him
as an usurping prince, who was engaged with some powerful enemies. It is
 FAB. VI. METAMORPHOSEON. 15

sufficient to observe that the prince he here treats of, was Titan, whose
empire was shared with his brothers, Neptune and Pluto ; and this is what
has given occasion to the division of the world, celebrated by the poets.
Jupiter had Phrygia, Crete, and other provinces. Mount Olympus, where
he established himself, was regarded as Heaven ; and the effort made to
expel him, as an enterprise equally rash and fruitless. Mount Ossa placed
upon Pelion, is a fiction, introduced for the better support of the whole,
and when stripped of its ornaments, is no other than that the Titans, jea
lous of the power of Jupiter, declared war. They had for their general
Typhoeus or Enceladus, a man resolute and enterprising, who so far pre
vailed as to force the Gods to retire into Egypt, where they concealed
themselves under the figures of different animals, a clear indication that
Egypt adored, in process of time, animals, or at least regarded them as
symbols of the Gods.

FAB. VI. DEORUM CONCILIUM.

Jupiter, beholding the great wickedness of those men, who sprung from
the blood of the Giants, calls an assembly of the Gods, where he prefers
his complaints against them, when the Gods are unanimous in the
destruction of the world.

UÆ pater ut summâ vidit Saturnius arce, Quæ ut Saturnius pater

Ingemit: et, facto nondum vulgata recenti vidit summâ arce, ingemit :
et, referens animo fœda con
Foda Lycaoniæ referens convivia mensæ, vivia Lycaoniæ mensæ, non
Ingentes a animo, et dignas Jove, concipit iras ; dum vulgata, facto recenti,
Conciliumque vocat. Tenuit mora nulla vocatos, concipit ingentes iras, et dig
Est via sublimis, cœlo manifesta sereno, 6 nas Jove ; que vocat concili
um. Nulla mora tenuitvoca
Lactea nomen habet ; candore notabilis ipso. tos. Est sublimis via, mani
nomen
Hâc iter est Superis ad magni tecta Tonantis, festa sereno cœlo, habet
Regalemque domum. Dextrâ lævâque Deorum Lactea ; notabilis ipso candore.
Hâc est iter Superis ad tecta
Atria nobilium valvis celebrantur apertis. 10
magni Tonantis, quæ regalem
domum. Atria nobilium Deorum celebrantur apertis valvis dextrâ que lævâ.
a Animos dignos, &c. b Declivis .

NOTES.
1. Pater.) Jupiter, the son of Saturn.
Ut.) After that, when.
Summa.) From the summit of Heaven.
2. Et.) Because of a wickedness committed
a little before ; for the banquet with which
Lycaon entertained Jupiter was not yet
known.
3. Foda.) The cruel; for Lycaon not only
slew those he entertained, but sent them be
fore his guests to be eaten ; which when Ju
piter came to the knowledge of, he burnt his
house, and turned Lycaon into a wolf, the
most ravenous of all creatures. And indeed,
Lycaon seems to be derived ἀπὸ τοῦ λύκου,
which signifies a wolf.
Referens ) Revolving in his mind.
5. Conciliumque .) The multitude of the
Gods assembled to consult.
6. Est. ) He describes the Milky Way (cir
cle) by which he says, is the path to Jupi
ter's court. The Greeks called the Milky
Circle γαλαξίαν , ἀπὸ τοῦ γάλακτος ,
from milk, (whence the Latins call it Lacte
um) others the Milky Way.
Colo. ) For the Milky Circle is the only
one of all the circles that is seen with our
eyes ; the others we only perceive by imagina
tion.
7. Lactea.) The Nom. Case after nomen
habet, as (nomen habet) hath the signification
of nominatur.
Candore.) Easy to be known and seen, be
cause of its brightness.
8. Tonantis.) Of Jupiter.
9. Deorum.) Of the nobles, who were.
called the Gods majorum gentium, which
are in number twelve, called Dii majorum
gentium.
10. Atria. ) The Halls.
Nobilium .) of the Majorum gentium.
16 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. I.

Plebs habitant diversa locis. Plebs habitant diversa locis. A fronte potentes
Potentes que clari cœlicola Coelicolæ, clarique suos posuêre penates.
posuêre suos penates à fronte.
Hic est locus, quem, si audacia Hic locus est, quem, si verbis audacia detur,
detur verbis, haud timeam Haud timeam magni dixisse Palatia coli.
dixisse Palatia magni coli. Ergo ubi marmoreo Superi şedêre recessu, 15
Ergo ubi Superi sedêre mar- Celsior ipse loco, sceptroque innixus eburno,
moreo recessu, ipse celsior loco
que innixus eburno sceptro, Terrificam capitis concussit terque quaterque
concussit terrificam cæsariem Cæsariem ; cum quâ terram, mare, sidera, movit.
capitis terque quaterque; cum Talibus inde modis ora indignantia solvit.
quâ movit terram, mare, si
dera. Inde solvit indignantia Non ego pro mundi regno magis anxius illâ 20
ora talibus modis : ego non fui Tempestate fui, quà centum quisque parabat
magis anxius pro regno mun- Injicere anguipedum captivo brachia colo ;
di illâ tempestate, quâ quisque Nam, quanquam ferus hostis erat, tamen illud
anguipedum parabat injicere
centum brachia captivo cœlo ; ab uno
Nam, quanquam hostis eratfe- Corpore, et ex unâ pendebat origine bellum .
rus, tamen illud bellum pen- Nunc mihi, qua totum Nereus circumtonat
debat ab uno, et ex unâ ori
gine. Nunc mortale genus orbem,
perdendum mihi, qua Nereus circumtonat totum orbem.
e Circumsonat.

NOTES.

Celebrantur. ) Are frequented. 18. Cæsariem.) His hair striking terror

Apertis.) With open gates. They are call
ed Valvæ, because while they are opened
they are folded back. They are properly
called Fores, which open outward.
11. Plebs.) The multitude of the lesser
Gods . Here observe tha madness of the
Heathens, who dared to make some of their
Gods Plebeians.
Diversa.) Scil. atria.
A fronte.) It is the front of the Milky
Circle the more potent Gods inhabit, and
there fix their habitations.
13. Si.) If I dared to assert it.
14. Palatia. ) The court of Heaven : for
Palatium is one of the hills at Rome, in which
were the magnificent houses of the Emper
ors : whence it came to pass, that all large
edifices were called Palatia by the vulgar.
15. Marmores. ) In the inward part of these
edifices, paved with marble .
16. Celsior.) Jupiter himself higher than
the rest, as kings use to sit.
Eburno.) Leaning on a sceptre made of
Ivory. Sceptrum is a staff which the ancient
kings used ; and a Sceptre is peculiarly at
tributed to Jupiter, as being king both of
Men and Gods. It is called Sceptrum ;
από τοῦ συπτεσθαι,from leaningupon ;be
cause the kings, as they stand, lean upon it.
17. Concussit.) He often moved and shook
it ; this shews Jupiter to be angry, and the
often shaking of his head denotes his in
eiguation.
into.
19. Talibus. ) Jupiter being angry, in this
manner afterward began to speak.
20. Non.) Jupiter managed a very despe
rate war with the giants, and at last over
came them, and thrust them down into hell.
21. Centum. ) A hundred hands ; whence
the giants are called Centimani, from a hun
dred hands.
Quisque.) Every one ofthe giants ; for the
giants were called Anguipedes, because they
seemed to have snake's feet, as he writes,
Lib. I. Fast. which signifies, as Macrobius
writes, that they thought of nothing right
ly, nor of any thing sublime, but that every
step they took seemed inclined to hell.
22. Anguipedum. ) Gen. of Anguipes.
Cœlo.) Which they desire to lead captives ;
and as though he had said, Now I am more
solicitous than when the giants attempted to
lay hands on heaven.
23. Nam.) For although the giants were
very valiant men, yet I was not to make
war with all mankind, but only with one
single race of giants .
26. Nunc.) But now I must destroyutterly
not only one nation, but all mankind.
Qua.) Wheresoever, and as far soever.
Nereus.) Is a Sea- God, put for the ocean,
which encompasses the whole orb.
Circumtonat.) Thunders about with waves;
so Avienus, Hic salis Ægei tractus tonat.
Lect. vulg. circumsonat. Rages against.
 FAB. VI. METAMORFHOSEΩN 17

23
Perdendum mortale genus. Per flumina juro Juro per infera flumina, la
Infera, sub terras Stygio labentia luco, bentia sub terras Stygio luco,
Cuncta prius tentata: sed immedicabile vulnus cuncta prius tentata : sed im
medicabile vulnus reciden
Epse recidendum, ne pars sincera trahatur. dum ense, ne sincera pars tra
Sunt mihi Semidei, sunt rustica numina, Nymphæ, hatur. Sunt mihi Semidei,
Faunique, Satyrique, et monticolæ Sylvani : 31 sunt rustica numina, Nym
phæ, que Fauni, que Satyri,
Quos quoniam coeli nondum dignamur honore;
ti Quas dedimus, certè terras habitare sinamus. et monticola Sylvani : Quos
- quoniam nondum dignamur
An satis, O Superi, tutos fore creditis illos, honore cœli ; certè sinamus
0 habitare terras, quas dedi
Cùm mihi, qui fulmen, qui vos habeoque, re mus. O Superi, an creditis
goque, 35 illos fore satis tutos, cùm
Struxerit insidias, notus feritate Lycaon ? Lycaon, notus feritate, strux
¿ Confremuêreomnes, studiisqueardentibusausum erit insidias mihi, qui habeo
fulmen, que qui habeo que
Talia deposcunt. Sic, cùm manus impia savit rego vos ? Omnes confremua
Sanguine Cæsareo Romanum extinguere nomen, êre, que deposcunt ausum ta
Confremuêre omnes , studiisque ardentibus ausum lia, ardentibus studiis. Sic
Attonitum & tanto subitæ terrore ruinæ 40 cum impia manus sævit ex
nomen
Humanum genus est : totusque perhorruit orbis. tinguere Romanum
Cæsareo sanguinë, humanum
Nec tibi grata minùs pietas, Auguste , tuorum , genus est attonitum tanto
terrore subitæ ruinæ, qué totus orbis perhorruit. Nec Auguste, pietas, tuorum minus grata
tibi ,
d tantæ subito terrore ruin

NOTES.
ㄡ
26. Per. I swear by the Stygian Lake,
that I will destroy all mankind.
27. Stygio. ] By the grove that shadows
the Stygian Lake.
28. Cuncta. All means have been tried
to reclaim mankind, but the wicked must be
#destroyed, lest the Gods be endangered .
Immedicabile. Incurable ; for, as the
incurable and corrupt parts of the body are
usually cut off, lest thiey infect the whole
7 of the body, so the human species must be
destroyed, lest the satyrs, Nymphs, and
Fauns, should be defiled with their wicked
ness.
29. Pars.] Whole and sound, uncorrupt
ed, viz. the Satyrs, &c.
Trahatur. Be infected and corrupted.
30. Semidei. They are also called he
roes ; for the Fauns, Satyrs, and Sylvans,
were accounted country Gods ; greater than
E men, and less thanthe Gods.
Nymphæ. ] Nymphs are ofdifferent kinds,
those who inhabit the sea are called Nerei
des, from their father Nereus : those that
dwell among the fountains, Naiades ou
vaar , to flow: others are called Naper,
which inhabit the woods : Oreades, which in
habit the mountains, dr TWY DEWY,
the mountains ; others Dryades ; others Ha
madryades, which inhabit the woods, and are
said to be born and die with the trees ; for
aua signifies together with and pus, puós,
a tree, an oak,
51. Faunique, &c.] Take notice, here is a
spondee for a dactyl, in the fifth place : Su
Virgil,
" Chara Deûm soboles, magnum Jovis in
crementum !"
But such cramples very rarely occur :
38. Dignamur. ]We do not yet think wor
thy to be taken into heaven .
54. Satis. From this argument, drawn a
Majore. Jupiter infers, that all human kind
must be destroyed : for says he, if Lycaon,
known for his fierce nature, shall dare to
lay snares for me that govern both men and
Gods, howcan the minor Deities be safe from
mankind?
35. Habeoque. ] Under command.
37. Confremuere. ] They murmured their
assent, being moved at the heinouness ofthe
act.
Studiisque. ] With angry minds.
58. Deposcunt. ] To punishment.
Sic. As all mankind was moved at the
conspiracies and plots against Augustus Ca
sar, so the Gods, hearing of the conspiracies
against Jupiter, are angry.
Manus.] The multitude of wicked con
spirators.
Sævit. ] Raged to extinguish.
39. Sanguine. By the murder of Au
gustus Cæsar, who was the adopted son of
Julius Cæsar.
Nomen. ] Fame, splendor, glory.
40 Attonitum. ] Stupified.
42. Nec The piety of the people of Rotae,
D
18 P. OVIDII NASONI
IS LIB. I.

quam illa fait Jovi. Qui Quam fuit illa Jovi. Qui postquam voce ma
postquam compressit murmu
ra voce que manu, cuncti te nuque
nuêre silentia. Ut clamor, Murmura compressit, tenuêre silentia cuncti.44
pressus gravitate regentis, Substitit ut clamor, pressus gravitate regentis,
substitit, Jupiter rumpit si- Jupiter hoc iterum sermone silentia rumpit.
lentia iterum hoc sermone.
Dimittite curam , ille quidem Ille quidem poenas ( curam dimittite) solvit ;
solvit pœnas ; tamen docebo Quod tamen admissum, quæ sitvindicta, docebo .
quod sit admissum , quæ vin- Contigerat nostras infamia temporis aures :
dicta. Infamia temporis con- Quam cupiens falsam, summo delabor Olympo,
tigerat nostras aures, quam
cupiens falsam, delabor sum Et Deus humanâ lustro sub imagine terras. 51
nio Olympo, et Deus lustro Longa mora est, quantum noxæ sit ubique re
terras sub humanâ imagine.
Mora est longa enumerare pertum,
quantum noxæ sit repertum Enumerare ; minor fuit ipsa infamia vero.
ubique ; infamia ipsa fuit minor vero.

NOTES.

who took vengeance on the conspirators, fered punishment for them, yet I will give
was not less grateful to thee, than the in you an account both of the crime he com
dignation the Gods conceived when they mitted, and the punishment he suffered for
heard of Lycaon's treachery against Jupiter, it.
was to him. 49. Infamia.) The ignominy of the age,
44. Compressit. ) Had silenced. in which every the most barbarous crime was
45. Substitit ) After the clamor was over,committed.
being restrained by Jupiter. 50. Summo. ) I descend from the highest
46. Silentia rumpit.] He spoke so Vir- heaven upon the earth.
gil : 51. Lustro. ) I pass over, go about.
Sub.) Having assumed human shape.
"Quid me alta silentia cogis rumpere ?" 52. Longa. ] It would be too tedious to 1
relate how much wickedness I found every
47. Ille.) That Lycaon, noted for his bar where.
barity, has suffered for his crimes. Noxæ.) , Of fault, of wickedness.
Curam.) Of demanding him to receive 53. Minor. ) Than that which was true ;
his punishment. for Jupiter discovers more and greater wick
43. Quod. ) For although Lycaon has suf- edness than had been spoken of,
12
EXP. FAB. VI. The assembly of the Gods, with which. Ovid opened
this Fable, is most magnificent , and upon an occasion the most important,
not as in the Iliad of Homer, to declare for the Greeks or the Trojans ; nor, as
in Virgil's Æneid, to take care of a fugitive prince, but to resolve on the de
struction of mankind , an event big with the fate of man. • But that which
surprises us most in this fable is, the exact copy Ovid has made of what
is written by Moses in the 6th chap. of the Book of Genesis , where he says,
God repented that he had made man . Moses also relates in the same chapter,
That the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination
of their heart was only evil continually. The poet introduces his Jupiter as
saying, that formerly he had none but giants to combat with, but now all
mankind were his enemies. In the same chapter, v. 3. , we read that The
Lord said, My spirit shall not always strive with man. The poet also adds,
that Jupiter had tried every method to save man, but that their evil was
become incurable . Ovid, in this general corruption , seems not to be ignorant
that there remained some that were just ; for what he attributes to his Deu
calion, is no other than what the scriptures relate of Noah and his family ;
and what these writings have mentioned respecting giants before the flood ,
the same we find in Ovid. It is unnecessary to proceed any farther in this
} FAB. VII. METAMORPHOSEON . 19

parallel, to shew how much the Scripture history has been perverted by our
author, who like other geniuses, is so fond of being an original, as to ob
scure the truth ,

FAB. VII. LYCAON PELASGI FILIUS IN LUPUM.

Lycaon, king of Arcadia, in order to discover whether in reality it was Jupi

ter that came from the regions above to lodge in his palace, directs, that
" the body of an hostage should be dressed and served up at the feast he had
prepared. The God, as a punishment for this, changes him into a wolf.

Transieram Manala hor

MENALA transieram latebris horrenda fe renda latebris ferarum, et
rarum , pineta gelidi Lycei, cum Cyl
Et cum a Cylleno gelidi pineta Lycei. leno. Hinc ingredior sedes
Arcados hinc sedes et inhospita tecta tyranni et inhospita tecta Arçados
Ingredior, traherentcùm sera crepuscula noctem. tyranni, cum sera crepuscula
traherent noctem. Dedi sig
Signa dedi venisse Deum ; vulgusque precari 5 na Deum venisse ; que vul
Cœperat. Irridet primò pia vota Lycaon. gus cœperat precari. Lycaen
irridet pia vota. Mox
Mox ait, Experiar, Deus hic, discrimine aperto,
Pit, Experiar an hic sit Deus
An sit mortalis ; nec erit dubitabile verum. (an) mortalis aperto discri
Nocte gravem somno nec opinâ perdere morte mine ; nec erit verum dubi
Me parat. Hæc illi placet experientia veri. 10 tabile. Parat perdere me gra
Nec contentus eo, missi de gente Molossâ vem somno nocte nec opina
morte. Hæc experientia vesi
Obsidis unius jugulum mucrone resolvit : placet illi. Nec contentus co,
resolvit mucrone jugulum unius obsidis missi de Molossâ gente ;
a Cyllene,

NOTES.

I. Manala. ) He describes his journey, by Signa. ) I gave them to understand, that

which he came to Lycaon. Manalus is a
city and mountain very famous in Arcadia,
so called from Mænalus, the son of Arcas.
2. Cylleno.) Cyllenus is a mountain in
Arcadia, dedicated to Mercury, from
whence he is called Cylleneus.
Pineta. ) Places full of pines.
Lycei.) Of a mountain of Arcadia, sacred
to Pan.
3. Inhospita. ) Inhospitable.
Tyranni. ) Of Lycaon, king of Arcadia ;
for Tyrannus, among the ancients, was taken
for a good king or prince : so Virgil :
Pars mihi pacis erit, dextram tetigisse Ty
ranni.
Afterward it became customary to be used
for one who abused his authority by cruelty.
Arcas is the proper name of the son of Ca
listus, and is a Gentile name ; from whence
Arcadius and Arcadicus are derived.
4. Traherent.) Brought on.
Sera, &c.) Late, drawing toward night.
Crepuscula. ) Twilight is called Crepusc
Jum.
I, who was come, was a God.
Precari. ) To worship and reverence.
7. Mox. ] At first Lycaon began to deride
the worship of those pious persons that did
me reverence, and afterward designed to
make an experiment on my divinity.
Discrimine. ] By a manifest trial or expe
riment .
8. Nec.] No one shall be in doubt, whe
ther he is a God or a man. For, if he is a
God, he cannot be killed ; but, if a man, he
will be easily killed.
9. Nec opin .] Unthought of.
1. Contentus.] Nor did hethink it suffi
cient to stroy me, but offered me human
flesh to eat, part boiled and part roasted.
Molossâ. ] The Molossi are a people of
Epirus, from which, they being overcome
in war, ambassadors were sent to Lycaon,
one of which he murdered to make an en
tertainment for Jupiter.
12. Resolvit. ] He cut.
20 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. I.

Atque ita partim mollit semi- Atque ita semineces partim ferventibus artus?
neces artus ferventibus aquis, Mollit aquis, partim subjecto torruit igni.
partim torruit subjecto igni.
Quos simul imposuit mensis, Quos simul imposuit mensis, ego vindice flammá
ego vindice flammâ everti tec- In a dominum dignos everti tecta Penates . 17
in Penates dignos domino. Territus ille fugit, nactusque silentia ruris
Ille territus fugit, que
silentia ruris exululat,nactus
que Exululat, frustraque loqui conatur ; ab ipso
frustra conatur loqui ; os col- Colligit os rabiem, solitaque cupidine cædis
ligit rabiem ab ipso, que ver- Vertitur in pecudes : et nunc quoque sanguine
titur in pecudes cupidine su 20
litæ cædis ; et nunc quoque gaudet.
gaudet sanguine. Vestes abe- In villos abeunt vestes, in crura lacerti.
unt in villos, lacerti in crura. Fit lupus, et veteris servat vestigia formæ.
Fit lupus, et servat vestigia Canities eadem est, eadem violentia vuļtu :
veteris formæ. Canities est lidem oculi lucent : eadem feritatis imago. 24
eadem, violentia vultu ea
dem, oculi lucent iidem, ima- Occidit una domus ; sed non domus una perire
go feritatis eadem. Una do- Dignafuit: quâ terra patet, fera regnat Erinnys .
mus occidit ; sed non una do- In facinus jurâsse putes. Dent ocius omnes,
mus fuit digna perire quà
terra patet, fera Erinnys reg- Quas meruêre pati, sic stat sententia , pœnas.
nat. Putes jurâsse in facinus. Omnes dent ocius poenas quas meruêre pati, sententia sic stat
a domino,

NOTES.
13. Semineces.] The half dead (and yet
{ did before, and he exercises the same fierce
heaving) members.
14. Mollit. ) He boils and makes tender.
15. Vindice, ] With an avenging flame ;
lightning.
16. Dignos. Worthy to be burned for
suffering such a wicked master to dwell with
them .
Tecta. ] The house ; the part being put
for the whole.
17. Territus. ] Lycaon, being affrighted
at the burning of his house, fled into the
woods, and was turned into a wolf; an ani
nal ofsimilar fierceness.
Silentia ruris. ] The woods.
18. Exululat. He howls out very much
and loud, now he was turned into a wolf ;
and it is peculiar to wolves to howl.
Ab ipso. Because he was notableto speak,
he grows ravenous, and transferred his ra
venousness from men to beasts, as when he
}}
was a man.
20. In villos. His garments were turned
into hair ; his arms into legs ; and so Lycaon
was turned into a wolf.
21. Veteris. ] He still retains the marks of
his former countenance ; for his grey-head
edness remains the same, and he has the same
fierce look,
24. Oculi lucent. ] His eyes glare as they
ness he did before. Some have falsely related
that men have been turned into wolves ; as
Herodot. De Nuris : and also Olaus Magnus,
childishly relates the same of the Northern
nations. These false notions seem to have
had their original from a certain disease,
which the physicians call Auxav@gwmlar,
which is a certain melancholy, with which
, those who are afflicted go out at night, after
the manner of wolves, and howl like them,
and fancy that they are really wolves.
25. Una. ] Or Lycaon.
Sed.) Not only one house, but all the houses
of men are to be overthrown : for the abomi
nable wickedness every where perpetrated. ,
26. Erinnys. ] Fierceness, impiety,inhuma
nity ; for Erinnys is said to be a fury of hell,
delighting in discord, war, and contention.
27. Facinus. You will think that all men
had conspired together to commit all manner
ofimpieties.
Dent. They shall all be punished imme
diately.
28. Sic.] It is so decreed, that all shall be
punished.
Stat. It is fixed and unalterable.

EXP. FAZ. VII. The ancients in their history give an account of two
princes of the name of Lycaon : the first the son of Phoroneus, who reigned
in Arcadia, to which he gave the name of Lycaonia about 250 years before
Cecrops, and in the days of the Patriarch Jacob. The second, whom our
author has introduced into this fable, succeeded the first, and was a prince
H FAB. VII. METAMORPHOSEON. 21
•
not more polite than religious. But, through the inhumanity peculiar to
those ages, he pollutes the feast of Lupercalia, which was instituted by
him, with the sacrifices of human victims.
Lycaon built the city of Lycosura, on the mountains of Arcadia, which
is accounted the most ancient of all Greece ; and it was upon the altar he
raised here, in honour of Jupiter Lyceus, that he began the inhuman sa
crifice just mentioned . On this historical transaction, has Ovid founded his
fable, which is sufficient for so fertile a genius. The cruelty of this prince,
and the naine by which he is called, signifying in the Greek a Wolf, led
Ovid to the thought of this Metamorphosis, and he changed his prince into
that animal , whose cruel nature gave his genius an opportunity of finely
displaying itself, in describing the ravages made by him in that appearance.

FAB. VIII. DILUVIUM UNIVERSALE,

Jupiter, on account of the general corruption, suspects the punishment he

had inflicted on Lycaon, to be insufficient to restrain the rest of mankind
from their acts of cruelty, and is determined to extirpate them by an
universal deluge.

Pars probant dicta Jovis

DICTA Jovis pars voce probant, stimulosque voce, que adjiciunt stimulos
a frementi frementi : alii implent partes
Adjiciunt : alii partes assensibus implent, assensibus. Tamenjacturahu
Est tamen humani generis jactura dolori mani generis est dolori omni
Omnibus : et, quæ sit terræ mortalibus orbæ bus : que rogant quæ sit futu
ra forma terræ orbæ mortali
Forma futura, rogant : quis sit laturus in aras 5 bus quis sit laturus thura in
Thura ? ferisne paret populandas tradere gen aras ? paretne tradere gentes
tes ? populandas feris ? Rex Supe.
rùm vetat quærentes talia tre
Talia quærentes, sibi enin fore cætera curæ, pidare, enim cætera fore cura
Rex Superûm trepidarevetat ; sobolentquepriori sibi, que promittit sobolem
Dissimilem populo promittit origine mirâ. dissimilem priori populo mirâ
Jamque erat in totas sparsurus fulmina terras ; origine. Que jam fulmina
erat sparsurus in totas terras,
a furenti . terras.

NOTES.

3. Probant.) All the gods approve of Ju Fore.) Depends on dixit understood.

piter's opinion ; part of them by words, and
part of them by giving a nod.
2. Assensibus.) They signified that they
assented to Jupiter's determination, by nod
ding and motion of the hand.
3. Jactura.) The destruction.
Dolori. ) A grief.
4. Orbæ.) Bereaved, deprived.
5. Rogant. ) They ask Jupiter.
Quis ) Who shall sacrifice to the gods ?
6. Paret.) From paro, as ; forthe first syl
Jable is short, whereas in pareo it is long.
Populandas. ) To be laid waste.
7. Quærentes.) Accus. after vetat.
Sibi.) The rest should be matter of care
himself.
8. Rex.) Jupiter.
9. Mira. ) Because, as he relates suon,
stones were turned into men, which indeed
is a thing very wonderful,
10. Jamque. ) And immediately.
Erat.) Jupiter had instantly destroyed
mankind with thunderbolts, but then he
was afraid lest the heaven also should take
fire, by the burning of the earth ; and es
pecially since he called to mind that it was
destined by the Fates, that there should be
a time when the whole world should be
consumed by fire ; therefore he determined
to destroy mankind, not by thunder, but
by water.
 22 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. I.

Sed timuit ne forte sacer - Sed timuit, ne fortè sacer tot ab ignibus æther
ther conciperet flammas ab Conciperet flammas, longusque ardesceret axis.
tot ignibus, que longus axis
ardesceret. Quoque reminís Esse quoque in fatis reminiscitur, affore tempus,
eitur esse ia fatis, tempus af- Quo mare, quo tellus, correptaque regia cœli
fore, quo mare, quo tellus, Ardeat ; et mundi moles operosa laboret. 15
que regia cœli correpta arde Tela reponuntur manibus fabricata Cyclopum .
at ; et operosa moles
laboret. Tela fabricata ma- Pœna placet diversa ; genus mortale sub undis
nibus Cyclopum reponuntnr. Perdere, et ex omni nimbos dimittere cœlo.
Diversa pœna placet (scilicet) Protinus Æoliis Aquilonem claudit in antris,
perdere mortale genus sub
andis, et dimittere nimbos ex Et quæcunque fugant inductas flamina nubes : 20
omni cælo. Protinus claudit Emittitque Notum. Madidis Notus evolat alis,
Aquilonem in Æoliis antris, Terribilem piceâ tectus caligine vultum .
et quæcunque flamina fugant
Inductas nubes : que emittit Barba gravis nimbis : canis fluit unda capillis ;
Notum. Notus evolat madi- Fronte sedent nebulæ ; rorant pennæque sinus
dis alis, tectus terribilem vul que.
tum piceâ caligine. Barba
gravis nimbis, unda fuit ca Utque nianu latâ pendentia nubila pressit, 25
nis capillis ; nebula sedent Fit fragor : hinc densi funduntur ab æthere
fronte ; que pennæ que sinus nimbi.
rorant. Que ut pressit pendentia nubila latâ manu, fit fragor : hinc densi nimbi fun
duntur ab æthere.

NOTES.

11. Sacer.) The holy heaven. because of the conflagration . A metaphick.

Ignibus.) That were necessary to burn
the whole earth.
12. Conciperet.) Should take fire.
Axis.) The whole heaven ; it is a Synec
doche ; for the Axis, which is a part of the
heaven, is put for the whole. An Axis is
properly the axle- tree of a cart, about
which the wheels are turned ; so the Axis in
the sphere of the world is said to be a right
line, drawn through the centre of the earth,
which is the diameter of the whole world,
about which the world is rolled and turned.
The extremes of which Axis are called the
Poles of the world, from the verb Toλέw, to
turn ; from whence they are called in Latin
Vertices, and also Cardines ; because about
them the whole machine of the world is
turned. The Poles are two, one of which is
called Arctic , απὸ τῆς ῎Αρκτου , a Bear
the nearest constellation : the other is called
Antarctic, from being opposite to the Arctic.
13. In fatis. ) In the decree of the Fates,
that the whole world should be in a confla
gration. Fate is the effect of divine provi
'dence. The Fates or destinies were the dis
pensers of the decrees of Jupiter, and in the
Heathen Mythology are substituted for Pro
vidence.
Affore. ) Should come.
15. Moles. ) The machine of the world.
Operosa.) Well wrought, vast, stupen
dous.
Laboret.) It should be in pain and danger,
16. Tela.) Thunderbolts made by the Cy
clops ; for the Cyclops are said to make
thunderbolts for Jupiter. They were a peo
ple in Sicily, having but one eye, and that
in their forehead.
17. Diversa .) Contrary ; for a deluge is
conwary to a conflagration,
18, Nimbos. ) Rains.
Dimittere.) To send down.
19. Protinus. ) As soon as Jupiter had shut
up in a cave those winds which bring fair
weather, he sent out the rainy south winds.
Moliis. ) In the caves of Æolus : forAvolus
is the king of the winds.
20. Flamina. ) The winds, so called from
flando.
21. Alis. ) Wings are attributed to the
winds on account of their velocity.
22. Tectus. ) Having his face covered.
Piceâ. ) With pitchy darkness : for the
South is a cloudy wind. 1
Vultum.) Depends on tectus by the prep.
secundum, understood.
23. Gravis.) Full.
Nimbis. ) With rains.
Unda.) The water.
24. Rorant.) They drop in the likeness
of dew.
25. Utque. ) After that Notus had squeez
ed the clouds, the greater rains began.
26. Frager. ) Froperly the clashing of
things which are broken.
Densi. ) Frequent continual rains.
4 METAMORPHOSEON. 23
FAB. VIII.

Nuntia Junonis, varios induta colores, Iris, nuntia Junonis, induta

Concipit Iris aquas, alimentaque nubibus adfert. varios colores , concipit aquas,
que adfert alimenta nubibus.
Sternuntur segetes, et deplorata coloni Segetes sternuntur, et vota
Vota jacent ; longique labor perit irritus anni . 30 coloni jacent deplorata ; que
Nec cœlo contenta suo Jovis ira : sed illum labor longi anni perît irritus.
Nec ira Jovis contenta suo
Cæruleus frater juvat auxiliaribus undis. cœlo : sed cæruleus frater ju
Convocat hic amnes: qui postquam tecta tyranni vat illum auxiliaribus undis.
Intravêre sui, Non est hortamine longo Hic convocat amnes : qui
Nunc, ait, utendum : vires effundite vestras. 35 postquam intravêre tecta sui
tyranni, ait, Non nunc uten
Sic opus est. Aperite domos, ac mole remotû dum est longo hortamine : cf
Fluminibus vestris totas immittite habenas. fundite vestras vires . Sic opus
Jusserat. Hi redeunt, ac fontibus ora relaxant, est. Aperite domos, ac mole
Et defrænato volvuntur in æquora cursu. remotâ, immittite totas ha
benas vestris fluminibus. Jus
Ipse tridente suo terram percussit : at illa 40 serat. Hi redeunt ac relaxant
Intremuit, motuque sinus patefecit aquarum . ora fontibus, et volvuntur in
Exspatiata ruunt per apertos flumina campos ; æquora defrænato cursu . Ipse
percussit terram suo triden
Cumque satis arbusta simul, pecudesque , viros- te : at illa intremuit, que pa
que, tefecit sinus aquarum motu.
Tectaque, cumque suis rapiunt penetralia sacris. Flumina exspatiata ruunt per
Si quadomus mansit, potuitque resisteretanto45 apertos campos ; que rapiunt
arbusta simul cum satis, que
pecudes, que viros, que tecta, que penetralia cum suis sacris. Si qua domus mansit, que
potuit resistere tanto

NOTES.

28. Iris .) Virgil in his 9th Æn. tells us cause all rivers go about.
that Iris is Juno's messenger.
" Irim de cœlo misit Saturnia Juno
" Audacem ad Turnum. " as it were the houses of the rivers.
Iris is an arch of many colours in a liquid
cloud, partly transparent, and partly opaque
appearing to the eyes of the beholders by the
refraction of the rays of the sun in opposi
tion.
29. Sternuntur . ) The corn growing inthe
fields is laid on the ground by the waters ;
for corn fiot reaped is called Seges.
Coloni. ) Ofthe husbandman.
30. Vota.) Hopes very deplorable or des
perate, concerning the event of which there
are no expectations left. Vows made for a
good crop.
Irritus ) Vain and without any fruit.
31. Illum.) Jupiter.
32. Frater.) Neptune.
Auxiliaribus.) Assistant to destroy man
kind. They are properly called auxiliary
soldiers, who are sent by allies to their as
sistance, not the national force or legions.
33. Hic.] Neptune.
Amnes .] The Gods of the rivers. Amnis
is so called "ab ambiendo, as Varro says ; be
Tyranni. ] Of the king.
34. Hortamine. ] Exhortation.
36. Domos.) The fountains, which seem
Mole.) The obstacle.
37. Habenas. ] A metaphor taken from
horses, which are held in with bridles or
reins.
39. Defrænato. ] With an unbridled re
straint.
40. Ipse. Neptune.
Tridente. ] A thunderbolt was attributed
to Jupiter, and a trident to Neptune, with
which, when he strikes the earth, hẹ causes
an earthquake. But the fiction is taken
from a natural cause ; for the waters, that
are inclosed in the caverns of the earth,
when they break out with force, cause earth
quakes.
42. Exspatiata. ] Spreading far and
wide.
43. Satis. ] Sown, or planted, from sero,
is, sevi.
44. Rapiunt. ] Carry away with force.
Penetralia. ] The Penetralia are private
rooms, and the Pênates in them. Pene
tralia are the repositories of the Dei Fe
Nates.
24 F. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. I.

malo indejecta, tamen unda Indejecta malo, culmen tamen altior hujus
altior tegit culmen hujus, que Unda tegit, pressæque labant sub gurgite turres.
turres labant pressæ sub gur
gite. Jamque mare et tellus Jamque mare et tellus nullum discrimen habe
habebant nullum discrimen. bat. [ponto.
Omnia erant pontus. Quoque Omnia pontus erant. Deerant quoque littora
littora deerant ponto. Hic
occupat collem ; alter sedet Occupat hic collem ; cymbâ sedet alter aduncâ,.
aduncâ cymbâ, et ducit re- Et ducit remos illic, ubi nuper arârat. 51
mos illic ubi nuper arârat. Il- Ille supra segetes, aut mersæ culmina villæ,
le navigat supra segetes aut Navigat : hic summâ piscem deprendit in ulmo.
prendit piscem in summâ ul- Figitur in viridi ( si fors tulit) anchora prato :
mo. Si fors tulit, anchora fi- Aut subjecta terunt curvæ vineta carinæ. 55
gitur in viridi prato : aut Et, modò quà gracilesgramen carpsêre capella ,
curva carina terunt subjecta Nunc ibi deformes ponunt sua corpora phoca .
vineta. Et quà graciles capel
lee modò carpsère gramen, Mirantur sub aquâ lucos, urbesque, domosque ,
nunc ibi deformes phoca po- Nereides : sylvasque tenent delphines, et altis
nunt sua corpora. Nereides Incursant ramis, agitataque robora pulsant. 60
mirantur lucos, que urbes,
que domos, sub aquâ ; que Nat lupus inter oves ; fulvos vehit unda leones ;
delphines tenent sylvas, et in- Unda vehit tigres. Nec vires fulminis apro,
cursant altis ramis, que pul- Crura nec ablato prosunt velocia cervo.
sant agitata robora. Lupus
nat inter oves ; unda vehit Quæsitisque diu terris, ubi sidere detur,
fulvos leones, unda vehit ti- In mare lassatis volucris vaga decidit alis. 65
gres. Nec vires fulminis pro- Obruerat tumulos immensa licentia ponti. A
sunt apro, nec velocia crura
cervo ablato (impetu undarum.) Que vaga volucris decidit in mare alis lassatis, terris diu
quæsitis, ubi detur sidere. Immensa licentia ponti obruerat tumulos.

NOTES.

46. Indejecta. Not thrown down. Gramen. ]Herbam, thespecies forthe genus
Culmen. ] Culmen is the top of a roof ; so 57. Deformes. Ugly, huge, sea-calves.
called à Culmo, for anciently houses were 59. Nereïdes.] Are nymphs, so called
covered with stalks or straw. from their father Nereus.
47. Pressæ. Concealed. 60. Incursaut. ] They often run amongst.
Gurgite. ] Gurges is properly a deep place Agitat aque. The shaken.
in a river. A gulph. Robora. The trees, the species for the
48. Nullum. No difference. genus.
49. Omnia. The sea had seized on all Pulsant. They smite or strike.
things. 61. Nat. Swims.
50. Occupat. ] One man fled to a moun 62. Tigres. ] Fierce wild beasts of won
tain, another betook himself to a boat. derful swiftness, bred in Armenia and India, 2
51. Ducit. ] He rows. }
For Tigris is a river in Armenia, so called
52. Ille. ] Another. from the swiftness of its course.
Villa. ] Is a house and building in the Vires. Because the force of the water
fields ; for Villa is a house in a field erected hinders his course.
either for the sake of tillage, or laying up Fulminis. Because the force of the boar's
the fruits, or for habitation ; and Villa is tooth in striking and penetrating, is in ef
called à vehendo, i . e. from carrying or draw fect the same with the force of thun er, for
ing, because the fruits are drawn into it. which reason it is called fulmineus by the
54. Si. If chance it so happened. poet.
Anchora. ] An instrument of iron that is 64. Ubi. ] In what lands it might have
let down into the sea to hold the ships ; from firm footing.
whence the cables are called "funes ancho Sidere. From sido, sidis.
tarii," which are tied to the anchor. 65. Lassatis. ] Being tired, weary.
55. Vineta. ] Places planted with vines. 66. Obruerat.] Had covered the moun
56. Modò. ] A little before. tains. For obruere is to cover over with
Graciles. The slender and nimble goats, earth or water.
FAB. IX. METAMORPHOSEΩN. 25

Pulsabantque novi montana cacumina fluctus. Que novi fluctus pulsabant

montana cacumina. Maxima
Maxima pars undâ rapitur : quibus unda peper- pars rapitur undâ : quibus
cit, unda pepercit, longa jejunia
Illos longa domant inopi jejunia victu. domant illos inopi victu.

NOTES.

67. Pulsabant.] They did beat 68. Pars.] of men.

Novi. ] Strange, or unusual. Quibus. ]Those who were not drowned,
Cacumina ] The utmost tops ofthe moun- perished by famine.
tains.

EXP. FAB. VIII. The ancients make mention of a number of deluges ;

Pausanias has taken notice of five. But that which is most celebrated ,
happened in the days of Ogyges, in the reign of Deucalion. Of this Ovid
speaks : but as that only overflowed Thessaly, it is evident that the poet from
his relation, has taken in what tradition taught respecting theuniversal deluge,
which all nations seem to have been careful to preserve. Our author in his
relation represents the whole earth as being overflowed. The sea, accord
ing to him, joined her waters to those falling from the Heavens ; and Neptune
shook the foundations of the earth to raise new supplies. These are, beyond
all doubt, the cataracts of Heaven, and the foundations of the great deep,
of which Moses writes. Ovid, who makes the waters ascend above the high
est mountains, reserves the top of Parnassus, which alludes to Mount Ararat,
where Noah's ark rested. In the poet's account, al ! mankind perished ex
cept Deucalion and Pyrrha ; this is Noah and his family. Deucalion was a
just and pious man, and the only person preserved for the restoration of man
kind, which corresponds with the patriarchal history. The deluge lasted
pine months ; that of Ogyges continued as many. When Noah went out of
the ark, he offered sacrifices to God ; Deucalion, in gratitude for his pre
servation from the waters, according to Pausanias, raised an altar to Jupiter
Liberator. Our poet mentions, that there would not be any other deluge
after Deucalion's ; God promises the same thing to Noah. That patriarch,
finding the waters begin to retire, sent out a dove, which returned with
an olive branch : Plutarch mentions that dove ; and Abydenus speaks of a
certain bird dispatched out of the ark, that twice returned, not having
found any place to rest upon. This parallel might be continued further,
to shew what use Ovid has made of the Mosaic account of the flood,
but what is done is abundantly sufficient.
That the transaction of the flood should be preserved by the tradition of
all people, is not in the least surprising, as it was an event not easily to be
forgotten ; and the changes it has made in the appearance of the earth,
are a confirmation of it to this day. Josephus mentions the history ofthe
general flood to have been written by Nicholas of Damascus, and others,
who were consulted by the Greeks and Romans. What is further said of
Deucalion, I shall reserve for the fable where Ovid mentions the peopling
ofthe world after the flood.

FAB. IX. DILUVII FINIS.

Neptune appeases the angry waves, and commands Triton to sound his
shell, that the sea might retire within its shores, and the rivers within
their banks. Deucalion and Pyrrha are the only persons that are pre
served from the deluge.
E
26 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. I.

Phocis separat Aonios ab Ac SEPARAT Aönios Actæis Phocis ab arvis,

tæis arvis, ferax terra, dum
Terra ferax, dum terra fuit : sed tempore in
fuit terra : sed in illo tempore
illo
pars maris, et latus campus
subitarum aquarum . lbi ar- Pars maris, et latus subitarumcampus aquarum.
duus mons, nomine Parnassus, Mons ibi verticibus petit arduus astra duobus,
petit astra duobus verticibus, Nomine Parnassus, superatque cacumine nubes.5
que superat nubes cacumine ,
Ubi Deucalion, vectus parvâ Hic ubi Deucalion ( nam cætera texerat æquor)
rate cum consortetori, adhæsit Cum consorte tori parvâ rate vectus adhæsit,
hic (nam æquor texerat cæte- Corycidas Nymphas, et numina montis adorant ,
ra :)adorant Corycidas Nym
phas, et numina montis, que Fatidicamque Themin, quæ tuncoracla tenebat .
fatidicam Themin, quæ tunc Non illomeliorquisquam, nec amantior æqui, 10
tenebat oracula. Non quis- Vir fuit, aut illâ metuentior ulla Deorum.
quam vir fuit melior illo, nec
amantior æqui, aut ulla metu Jupiter ut liquidis stagnare paludibus orbem,
entior deorum illa. Jupiter ut Et superesse videt de tot modò millibus unum ,
(videt) orbem stagnare liqui- Et superesse videt de tot modò millibus unam ;
dis paludibus, et videt unum Innocuos ambos, cultores Numinis ambos : 15
superesse de tot millibus modò,
et videt unam superesse de tot Nubila disjecit, nimbisque Aquilone remotis,
millibus modò ; ambos innocu- Et coelo terras ostendit, et æthera terris.
os, ambos cultores Numinis : Nec maris ira manet. Positoque tricuspide telo,
disjecit nubila, nimbis re
motis Aquilone, et ostendit Mulcetaquas rector pelagi, supraque profundum
terras cœlo, et æthera terris. Nec ira maris manet. Que rector pelagi mulcet aquas,
posito tricuspide telo.

NOTES.

1. Separat .] He describes Mount Parnas Oracla.] Gave answers.

sus, to the top of which, by reason of its
height, Deucalion and Pyrrha retired.
Aönios.] To agree with arvos, understood.
Actæis,] From the country of Attica.
Phocis. ] It is a country between Boeotia
and Attica, so called from Phocis, in which
Mount Parnassus is visible, appearing with
two tops.
2. Ferax.] Fertile.
4. Mons ] Mount Parnassus was so called
from Parnassus, an ancient prophet.
Petit.] It rises aloft toward the stars.
6. Hic.] In this Mount Parnassus.
Cætera.] The sea had occupied the other
places.
7. Consorte.] With his wife ; for a wife is
the consort of her husband's bed.
8. Corycidas. Corycum is a cave of Par
nassus, sacred to the nymphs ; whence they
are called Nymphæ Corycides.
Numina.] Parnassus is said to be conse
crated to Apollo, Bacchus, and the Muses.
9. Fatidicamque. ] Themis predicting the
secrets of the Fates. Themis is storied to
be the daughter of Coelus and Terra. This
was the Goddess that commanded men to
ask of the Gods that which was lawful, from
whence she took the name of Themis ; for
Ous, in Greek, signifies that which is
just and lawful.
Themin. Acc. of Themis.
10. Illo.] Than Deucalion. The meaning
of this is, the poet shews that Deucalion
and Pyrrha were deservedly saved on ác
count of their piety.
12. Jupiter] When Jupiter saw the earth
so covered with waters, that the whole ap
peared like a lake, and that there were none
left alive but Deucalion and Pyrrha, he,
having brought on fair weather, command
ed the deluge so to decrease that the earth
began to appear.
Stagnare. ] To have become a pool and
lake, for the earth is properly said stagnare,
being covered with standing waters ; for
marshes are called stagna.
13. Superesse.] Remaining, left alive.
15. Innocuos. ] Guiltless, innocent.
16. Nubila disjecit.) He dissipated the
clouds.
Aquilone.] Being driven away by the
north-wind ; for the north-wind drives away
rain.
Cœlo.] To the Heaven.
18. Ira maris.] The tempest.
Manet.] Continue.
Tricuspide.] His trident being laid aside;
for it has three prongs, from whence it is,
called a trident.
19. Mulcet.] Assuages the swelling and
boisterous sea.
 FAB. IX. METAMORPHOSEON. 27

Exstantem, atquehumeros innatomuricetectum, Que vocat cæruleum Tritona

Cæruleum Tritona vocat ; conchaque sonaci 21 exstantem supra profundum,
atque tectum humeros innato
Inspirare jubet, fluctusque et flumina signo murice ; que jubet inspirare
Jam revocare dato. Cava buccina sumitur illi sonaci conchæ, et jam revo
Tortilis, in latum quæ turbine crescit ab imo: care fluctus et flumina signo
dato. Cava buccina tortilis
Buccina quæ in medioconcepit ut aëra ponto : 25 sumitur illi, quæ crescit in
Littora voce replet sub utroque jacentia Phoebo. latum ab imo turbine : buc
Tum quoque ut ora Dei madidà rorantia barbà cina quæ, ut concepit aëra
in medio ponto, replet voce
Contigit, et cecinit jussos inflata receptus, littora jacentia sub utroque
Omnibus audita est telluris et æquoris undis : Phoebo. Tum quoque ut con
Et, quibus est undis audita, coërcuit omnes. 30 tigit ora Dei rorantia madida
Jam mare littus habet : plenos capit alveus barba, et inflata cecinit re
ceptus jussos, audita est om
amnes : nibus undis telluris et æquo
Flumina subsidunt : colles exire videntur: [dis. ris : et coërcuit omnes, qui
Surgit humus : crescunt loca decrescentibus un- bus undis est audita. Mare
jam habet littus : alveus ca
Postque diem longam nudata cacumina silvæ 34 pit plenos amnes : flumina
Ostendunt, limumque tenent in fronde relictum . subsidunt : colles videntur
Redditus orbis erat : quem postquam vidit ina- exire : Humus surgit : loca
crescunt undis decrescenti
nem,
bus. Postque longam diem,
Et desolatas agere alta silentia terras, silvæ ostendunt nudata cacu
Deucalion lacrymis ita Pyrrham affatur obortis: mina, que tenent limum relic
O soror, ô conjux, ô fœmina sola superstes, 39 tum in fronde. Orbis erat
redditus : quem postq
Quam commune mihi genus, et patruelis origo, Deucalion vidit inanem, uam &
desolatas terras agere alta silentia, ita affatur Pyrrham lacrymis obortis : ô soror, ô con
jux, ôfœmina sola superstes, quam commune genus, et origo patruelis,

NOTES.

Rector.] Neptune the God of the Sea. Rorantia.] Dropping.

20. Humeros ] Depends on tectum by se
cundum .
Murice.] The Murex, a shell-fish, of the
blood of which a purple colour is made, is
put for the colour itself. It is often used by
the poets.
Tectum.] Having his shoulders covered.
21. Tritona.] Neptune's, trumpeter, which
he commands to sound a retreat, and call
back the rivers to their fountains.
22. Signo.] Giving a sign for them to re
turn.
23. Illi.] By Triton.
24. Tortilis ] Wreathed, winding.
25. Buccina. ] Triton's trumpet was a
great shell, a conch, which from the small
1 end, to which he applies his mouth, swelled
in wreaths to a pretty large circumference,
but terminating in an irregular oval.
Concepit aëra.] Afterthat he began to blow.
26. Littora. All the shores echo.
Utroque Phœbo.] So in Epist. It is a poe
tical Hyperbole ; both the rising and setting
sun.
27. Tum .] After it was put to Triton's
mouth .
28. Contigit. Has for its Nom. buccina.
Receptus.] The ancients used to say, canere
receptui, when they commanded the soldiers
to retreat from battle.
30. Et quibus est, &c. For coercuit om.
nes undas, quibus audita est ; a Græcism.
Coërcuit.] He held in, or kept back.
51. Littus.] Which it wanted a little be
fore.
32. Subsidunt.] Sink down into their
channels.
54. Postque, &c.] After a long time.
Nudata.] without leaves.
37. Desolatas . ] Destitute of men and
beasts.
38. Obortis.] Suddenly flowing, gushing.
39. O soror, &c.] By this pathetical
speech Deucalion endeavours to gain the af
fection of Pyrrha, that from them mankind
might he produced, and the earth again fiilled
with inhabitants.
40 Patruelis.] Deucalion and Pyrrha
were brothers' children, i. e. cousin-germans.
For Iapetus is said to have had two sons,
Prometheus, who begat Deucalion, and Epi
metheus, who begat Pyrrha.
28 P. OVIDII NASONIS . LIB. I.

deinde torus junxit mihi ; Deinde torus junxit ; nunc ipsa pericula jun—
nunc ipsa pericula jungunt : gunt :
nos duo sumus turba terra
rum, quascunque occasus et Terrarum, quascunque vident occasus et ortus,
ortus vident. Pontus possedit Nos duo turba sumus. Possedit cætera pontus.
cætera. Nunc
adhuc satis quoque
certa nonnos-
fiducia est Certa
Nunc quoque adhuc vitæ
satis : terrent non est
etiamnum fiducia
nubila nostræ
mentem.
træ vitæ nubila etiamnum
terrent mentem. Miseranda, Quid tibi, si sinè me fatis erepta fuisses, 46
quid anima foret nunc tibi, Nunc animi, miseranda, foret? quo solatimorem
si erepta fuisses fatis sinè me? Ferre modo posses ? quo consolante « dolores ?
quo modo posses tu sola ferre
timorem ? quo consolante Namque ego (crede mihi) si te modo pontus ha
possesferre dolores? Namque beret, [beret. 50
ego, conjux, (crede mihi) si Te sequerer, conjux, et me quoque pontus ha
modo pontus haberet te, se- O utinam possem populos reparare paternis
querer te, et pontus haberet
mequoque. O utinam possem Artibus, atque animas formatæ infundereterræ ! 1
reparare populos paternis ar- Nunc genus in nobis restat mortale duobus ;
tibus, atque infundere animas Sic visum Superis, hominumque exempla ma
formatæ terræ ! Nunc mor
tale genus restat in nobis duo nemus.
bus ; sic visum est Superis, que manemus exempla hominum.
a dolores ?

NOTES.
41. Torus.] The marriage bed.
46. Erepta ] Delivered from this deluge.
47. Miseranda.] Worthy of pity.
Quo. ] Agrees with modo in the next line.
48. Dolores.] Depends on posses ferre,
understood.
49. Si.] If thou hadst fallen into the sea,
and hadst been drowned, I also, who have
the greatest love for thee, would have
thrown myself headlong into the sea. So
V.r. Æn. 1. 1 to be imitated or avoided.
---- " Et te pater optime Teucrum,
Pontus habet Lybix. "
51. O utinam.] For his father Prome
theus had formed a man.
1 Paternis.] For Prometheus, we find,
formed earth into the shape of a man, and in
fused into it a soul, produced by fire.
52. Infundere.] To infuse.
53. Mortale.] Human.
54. Exampla.] Patterns ; for Exemplum
is that which is proposed as a pattern, either

EXP . FAB. IX. The government of the world, according to the opinion
-
of the ancients, was assigned to Jupiter, Neptune, and Pluto. The empire
of the sea to Neptune, who was to raise and calm the ocean, in which em
ployment he is represented by our poet.
FAB. X. A DEUCALIONE JACTATI LAPIDES IN VIROS , ET A PYRRHA IN
MULIERES .
Deucalion and Pyrrha repeopled the earth by casting stones behind them,
as directed by Themis, whose oracle they had consulted.
Dixerat, et flebant. Pla- DIXERAT, et flebant. Placuit cœleste precari
cuit precari cœleste Numen;
et quærere auxilium per Numen ; et auxilium per sacras quærere
sacras sortes. Nulla mora sortes. [das,
est ; adeunt Cephisidas un- Nulla mora est ; adeunt pariter Cephisidas un
das pariter, ut nondum li- Ut nondum liquidas, sic jam vadanota secantes ;
quidas, sic jam secantes nota
yada :

NOTES.

2. Sacras sortes. ] By the holy Oracles, the -Dicta per carmina sortes.
answers of the Gods. Horat. 4. Liquidas.] Pure and clear,
 FAB. X. METAMORPHOSEΩN . * 29

Inde ubi libatos irroravêre liquores 5 Inde ubi irroravêre libatos li

quores vestibus et capiti, flec
Vestibus et capiti, flectunt vestigia sanctæ
tunt vestigia ad delubra sanc
Ad delubra Deæ : quorum fastigia turpi tæ Deæ fastigia quorum
Squallebant musco ; stabantque sinè ignibus squallebant turpi musco : que
aræ. aræ stabant sine ignibus. Ut
tetigêre gradus templi, uter
Ut templi tetigêre gradus, procumbit uterque que procumbit pronus humi,
Pronus humi, gelidoque pavens dedit oscula que pavens dedit oscula geli
saxo. 10) do saxo. Atque dixerunt ita,
Atque ita, Si precibus, dixerunt, Numina justis Si Numina, victa justis preci
bus, remollescunt, si ira Deo
Victa remollescunt, si flectitur ira Deorum ; rum flectitur ; Themi, dic
Dic, Themi, qua generis damnum reparabile quâ arte damnum nostri ge
nostri neris sit reparabile : et mitis
sima, fer opem mersis rebus.
Arte sit, et mersis fer opem mitissima rebus. Dea est mota, que dedit sor
Mota Dea est ; sortemque dedit : Discedite tem : Discedite templo ; et
templo ; 15 velate caput ; que resolvite
cinctas vestes ; que jactate
Et velate caput ; cinctasque resolvite vestes : ossa magnæ parentis post ter
Ossaque post tergum magnæ jactate parentis. gum. Obstupuêre diu : que
Obstupuêre diu : rumpitque silentia voce Pyrrha prior rumpit silentia
Pyrrha prior : jussisque Deæ parere recusat : voce que recusat parere jus
sis Deæ : que rogat pavido
Detque sibi veniam, pavido rogat ore : pavetque ore, ut det sibi veniam : pa
Lædere jactatis maternas ossibus umbras. 21 vetque lædere maternas um
Interea repetunt cæcis obscura latebris bras jactatis ossibus. Interea
b Verba datæ sortis secum, inter seque volutant . repetunt secum verba obscu
ra datæ sortis, cæcis latebris,
que volutant inter se.
a Pallebant musco. b recingite.

S NOTES.

Vada nota secantes.] Keeping within 11. Justis Ofjust men.

their wonted channels. Virg.
" Ille viam secat ad naves,-i e. tenet."
E 1
5. Inde.] The ancients, when they entered
the temples of their Deities, first sprinkled
1 themselves with water, and washed ; which
custom Deucalion and Pyrrha observed, be
ing about to supplicate the Goddess Themis.
Libatos. ] Consecrated.
Irroravêre ] They sprinkled.
Liquores The waters they had drawn.
7. Delubra.] The temple. Delubra are
temples or places in which are the images
of the gods , so called, says Varro, because
1 the gods are there placed ; as that is called
a candlestick in which a candle is put.
Deæ.] Of Themis.
Fastigia.] The roofs. Fastigium is the
height or summit of any work.
8. Squallebant.] Were foul.
Musco. ] Moss : a very small herb grow
ing in moist places.
9. Procumbit. ] Falls down.
Uterque ] Deucalion and Pyrrha.
12. Remollescunt] Are moved to pity,
14. Mersis.] Sunk and overwhelmed.
15. Dea ] Themis.
Sortemque ] The oracle or answer which
follows.
16. Velate .] To worship the Gods with
the head covered, was a sign of humility.
Cinctasque.] Ungird your garments,
which ought to be loose, after the manner
of those who sacrifice.
17. Ossaque.] The stones of the earth,
as interpreted by Deucalion.
18. Obstupuêre.] Being astonished for a
long time, they admire what such an an
swer could mean. 1
Rumpitque silentia ] She spake .
20. Pavido ore.] With a trembling mouth.
Pavetque.] And she is afraid.
21. Lædere, &c.] It was counted impious
to disturb the bones and ashes of the dead.
Maternas.] The soul of her mother.
22. Repetunt.] They consider in their
minds.
Latebris.] In private retirement.
23. Volutant.] They ponder.
30 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. I.

Indè Promethides mulcet E- Indè Promethides placidis Epimethida dictis

pimethida placidis dictis, et Mulcet, et, Aut fallax, ait, est solertia nobis, 25
ait, Aut solertia est fallax
nobis, aut oracula sunt pia, Aut pia sunt, nullumque nefas oracula suadent.
que suadent nullum nefas. Magnaparens terra est: lapides in corpore terræ
Terra est magna parens : reor Ossa reor dici : jacere hos post terga jubemur.
lapides in corpore terræ dici
ossa : jubemur jacere hos post Conjugis augurio quanquam Titania mota est ;
terga Quanquam Titania Spes tamen in dubio est. Adeò cœlestibus ambo
mota est augurio conjugis ; ta- Diffidunt monitis. Sed quid tentare nocebit? 31
men spes est in dubio. Ambo Descendunt ; velantque caput, tunicasque re
adeo diffidunt cœlestibus mo
nitis. Sed quid nocebit tenta cingunt ;
re? Descendunt ; velantque Et jussos lapides sua post vestigia mittunt.
caput, que recingunt tunicas ; Saxa (quis hoc credat, nisi sit pro teste vetustas?)
et mittunt jussos lapides post Ponere duritiem cœpere, suumque rigorem ; 35
sua vestigia. Saxa (quis cre
dat hoc, nisi vetustas sit pro Mollirique morâ, mollitaque ducere formam.
teste ?) cœpêre ponere duri- Mox, ubi creverunt, naturaque mitior illis
tiem, suumque
lirique rigorem, mol
mora, mollitaque du Contigit, ut quædam, sic non manifesta, videri
cere formam. Mox, ubi Forma potest hominis ; sed uti de marmore
creverunt, naturaque mitior cœpto,
contigit illis : ut quædam Non exacta satis, rudibusque simillima signis.40
forma hominis, quanquam •
adhuc non sic manifesta, potest videri, sed uti de cœpto marmore, non satis exacta, que
simillima rudibus signis.

NOTES.

24. Indè.] At length. 35, Post vestigia.] Behind their backs.

Promethides. ] Gen. æ, Deucalion, the
son of Prometheus.
Epimethida.] Acc. of Epimethis. Pyrrha,
the daughter of Epimetheus.
25. Mulcet.] Soothes and comforts.
Solertia. Sagacity ; or a quickness, a
readiness in explaining mysteries, or riddles.
From solers.
26. Nullumque nefas.] No impiety.
Suadent.] They command.
27. Magna.] Deucalion interprets the
oracle right ; for the earth only is called the
great parent, seeing all things, animate and
inanimate, proceed from it.
29. Conjugis augurio.] By the conjecture
of her husband Deucalion.
Titania.] Pyrrha, the grand-daughter of
Japetus, the son of Titan and Terra.
31. Diffidunt.] They distrust.
Sed quid, &c.] But where is the harm to
try ? say they.
32. Descendunt.] They descend from the
temple.
Velantque.] They cover as they were
commanded by Themis.
Tunicas recingunt.] Ovid in this con
forms to the religious ceremony ofhis time ;
for in ordinary works, the Romans accin
gebant, girded or tucked up their clothes ;
but in religious works, recingebant, they
loosed them ; they let them flow.
Vestigium properly signifies the footstep, or
print of the feet ; but is often used for the
feet themselves.
Mittunt.] They cast.
34. Vetustas ?] Antiquity, which is of
the greatest authority. Deucalion, king of
Thessaly, after the deluge, wbich overflow
ed all Greece, civilised the men which were
before wild in their manners, and ignorant
of laws ; who, laying aside their former
barbarity, and being reformed in their be
haviour, gave rise to this legend which our
poet has related.
35. Ponere.] They lay aside.
36. Mcllirique.] To become soft, gentle.
Ducere.] To receive human form and
shape.
37. Naturaque mitior.] A milder nature.
38. Ut, &c.] Those stones indeed seemed
to have a certain form, although they did
not plainly represent a human form. But
yet had such an one as marble statues on
the first forming.
39. Uti.] As though.
40. Exacta .] Agrees with forma. Perfect.
Rudibusque signis ] To unpolished sta
tues. So Book III.
"Pario formatum marmore signum."
Signum, is properly a mark, token, or sign.
 FAB. XI. METAMORPHOSEON. 31

Quæ tamen ex illis aliquo pars humida succo, Tamen pars ex illis quæ fuit
humida aliquo succo, et ter
Et terrena fuit, versa est in corporis usum. rena, versa est in usum cor
Quod solidum est, flectique nequit, mutatur in poris. Quod solidum est, que
Ossa : nequit flecti, mutatur in ossa:
Quodmodò vena fuit, sub eodem nomine mansit, quod modò fuit vena, man
sit sub eodem nomine. Inque
Inque brevi spatio, Superorum c munere, saxa brevi spatio saxá missa mani
Missa viri manibus faciem traxêre virilem ; 46 bus viri, munere Superorum,
Et de fœmineo reparata est fœmina jactu. traxêre virilem faciem : et
fœmina est reparata de jactu
Indè genusdurum sumus, experiensque laborum ; foemineo, Indè sumus durum
Et documenta damus, quâ simus origine nati. genus, experiensque laborum ;
et damus documenta, quâ origine simus nati .
c Numine.
NOTES.

41. Quæ.] The earth, i. e. soft and moist thrown by Pyrrha, were changed into wo
parts of stones were changed into the body, men.
but the solid and hard into bones. The veins 48. Experiensque. ) Patient, enduring la
into veins ; for even stones have veins. bour and punishment. So Virgil :
42. In corporis. ] Of flesh ; for body is
properly said of living things, flesh of dead. " Deucalion vacuum lapides jactavit in or
44. Eodem nomine,] The same name ; sc. bem,
veins. " Unde homines nati, durum genus.
45. Superorum munere.] By the bounty
ofthe Gods. 49. Documenta ) Proofs.
46. Missa.] Thrown. Quâ origine. ) From what original we are
Viri.] Of Deucalion. sprung ; for in that we are so patient of la
Traxêre, &c.] Assumed the form of males. bour, it plainly appears we were generated
3 47. Et de fœmineo, &c.] The stones of stones.
2 EXP. FAB. X. In the reign of Deucalion, king of Thessaly, the course
ofthe river Peneus was stopped ; (probably by some earthquake ) between
Mount Ossa andOlympus, where it discharges itselfinto the sea : and, in that
year, there fell so great a quantity ofrain, that all Thessaly, which is a level
F country, was overflowed. Deucalion, with his subjects, fed to Parnassus :
F but, as soon as the waters subsided , returned . The children of those who
were preserved, are the mysterious stones of which the poet speaks ; this
Σ fable having no other foundation than the meaning of the word Eben or
* Aben ; which equally signifies a stone, or a child : or from the word Laos,
↓
which may be understood for a people or stone. This equivocal term gave
rise to the fable of the mystical stones ; which, thrown by Deucalion and
Pyrrha, formed a new race ofmen, who peopled theworld after the deluge.
FAB. XI. PYTHON SERPENS.

The earth , again invigorated with the heat ofthe sun, produces a variety
of monsters ; and amongst them the serpent Python, which Apollo kills
with his arrows ; and, the better to commemorate so remarkable an event,
he institutes the Pythian Gaines, and assumes the surname of Pythius:
CETERA diversis tellus animalia formis Tellus peperit cætera ani
Sponte suâ peperit : posquam vetus humor malia diversis formis suâ spon
t te : postquam vetus humor
ab igne
percaluit ab igne solis ; cœ
Percaluit solis : cœnumque udæque paludes numque udæque paludes
1
NOTES.
1 1. Cætera,] Other animals sprung from 3. Udæque paludes. ] The wet fens.
the moist earth , heated by the sun,"
32 P. OVIDII NASONS LIB. I.

intumuêre æstu : fœcundaque Intumuêre æstu : fœcundaque semina rerum

semina rerum nutrita vivaci Vivaci nutrita solo , ceu matris in alvo, 5
solo, creverunt, ceu in alvo
matris, que cepêre aliquam Creverunt, faciemque aliquam cepêre morando .
faciem morando. Sic ubi sep- Sic ubi deseruit madidos septemfluus agros
temfluus Nilus deseruit ma- Nilus, et antiquo sua flumina reddidit alveo,
didos agros,
flumina et reddidit
antiquo sua Æthereoque recens exarsit sidere limus :
alveo, que
recens limus exarsit æthereo Plurima cultores versis animalia glebis 10
sidere ; cultores inveniunt Inveniunt : et in his quædam modò cœpta sub
plurima animalia versis gle ipsum
bis : et quædam in his modo Nascendi spatium : quædam imperfecta, suisque
cœpta sub ipsum spatium nas
cendi : vident quædam im- Trunca vident ahumeris : et eodem in corpore
perfecta, que trunca suis hu sæpe
meris et sæpe in eodem cor
pore altera pars vivit, altera Altera pars vivit, rudis est pars altera tellus. 14
pars est rudis tellus. Quippe Quippe ubi temperiem sumsêre humorque calorq;
ubi humorque calorque sum- Concipiunt et ab his oriuntur cuncta duobus .
psêre
et temperi
cuncta
em, concipiu
oriuntur
nt :
ab his duo Cuiaque sit ignis aquæ pugnax, vapor humidus
omnes
bus. Cumque ignis sit pug
nax aquæ, humidus vapor Res creat, et discors concordia fœtibus apta est.
creat omnes res, et discors Ergo ubi diluvio tellus lutulenta recenti
concordia est apta fœtibus.
Ergo ubi tellus, lutulenta re Solibus æthereis, baltoque recanduit æstu ; 20
centi diluvio, recanduit - Edidit innumeras species : partimque figui as
thereis solibus altoque astu ; Retulit antiquas, partim nova monstra creavit.
edidit innumeras species : Illa quidem nollet, sed te quoque, maxime Python
partimque retulit antiquas
figuras, partim creavit nova Tum genuit;populisquenovis, incognita serpens,
monstra. Illa quidem nollet, Terror eras. Fantùm spatii de monte tenebas. 25
sed tum genuit te quoque,
maxime Python ; que serpens incognita, eras terror novis populis. Tenebas tantùm spa
tii de monte .
a numeris. b almoque.
NOTES.
4. Intumuêre.] Swelled, i. e. grew big, body grew like a trunk, out of which the
pregnant, limbs were formed gradually.
5. Vivaci solo.] The enlivening soil. " 14. Vivit.] Is alive.
Alvo.] As tho' in the womb of a mother, 15. Quippe, &c.] He supposes all things
6. Faciemque. ] Form and shape. are generated by moisture and heat.
Cepêre, ] They began to take upon them. Temperiem. ] A mixture : i. e. when they
7. Septemfluus Nilus,) The river Nile, are tempered or mixed together,
famous for its seven mouths, takes its rise 16. His duobus.] sc. By moisture and
in the mountains of Abyssinia, and, passing heat.
thro' Egypt, empties itself into the Medi 17. Aquæ pugnax.] Although fire be con
terranean sea. It overflows the lower Egypt trary to water, yet heat duly tempered with
every year. The inundation begins about moisture, generates all things,
the 20th of June, and continues ten or ele 18. Discors concordia.] For heat and
ven weeks, rising fourteen or fifteen, nay moisture, when separated, fight, and are at
sometimes sixteen cubits. When the waters variance ; but being joined and mixt, they
subside, the whole face of the land is cove seem to be at union, and give birth to all
red with a slime, which abundantly supplies things.
the place of manure, and makes Egypt a Foetibus.] For births.
fruitful country. Ovid says that the heat 19. Diluvio. ] Depends on lutulenta
ofthe sun produces animals out of the slime, 20. Recanduit.] Was again heated.
but modern experience evinces the contra 21. Species.] Forms or figures.
ry. 22. Rettulit.] Restored.
9. Sidere.] The sun in this place. 23. Nollet.] sc. To have generated.
12. Modò cœpta.] Only begun. 25. Tantùm spatii.] This shews the mon
Sub, &c.] Some things are imperfect, not strous size of the serpent Python.
having sufficient time for their growth. Tenebas.] Thou didst take up.
13. Humeris.] Their shoulders ; for the
 FAB. XI. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 33

Hanc Deus arcitenens, et nunquam talibus armis Deus arcitenens, et nunquam

antèdamis,
Antè nisi in damis, capreisque fugacibus, usus, in talibus armis, nisi
usus fugacibusque ca
Mille gravem telis, exhaustâ penè pharetrâ, preis, perdidit hanc gravem
Perdidit, effuso per vulnera nigra veneno. mille telis, pharetra penè ex
Neve operis famam possit delere vetustas, 30 haustâ, veneno effuso per ni
gra vulnera: Neve vetustas
Instituit sacros celebri certamine ludos ; possit delere famam operis,
Pythia de domitæ serpentis nomine dictos. instituit sacros ludos celebri
Hisjuvenemquicunque manu, pedibusve, rotâve, certamine, dictos Pythia cer
Vicerat, esculeæ capiebat frondis honorem. 34 tamine de nomine domitæ
Nondum laurus erat : longoque decentia crine serpentis . In his quicunque
juvenum vicerat manu, pe
Tempora cingebat de quâlibet arbore Phoebus. dibusve, rotâve, capiebat ho
norem esculeæ frondis. Lau .
rus nondum erat : que Phoebus cingebat tempora decentia longo crine, de quâlibet arbore.

NOTES.

26. Deus arcitenens. ) Apollo, who is
painted with a bow and a quiver.
27. Capreisque.) Capræ are very swift
and wild goats ; Damæ are also a sort of
wild goats.
28. Gravem. ) Loaded.
Exhaustâ. ) Was emptied.
29. Vulnera nigra.) This is an Hypal
lage ; for the black poison was poured
through his wounds. 4 35. Decentia,) Gracefully flowing. Part
Veneno.) Meaning his blood.
32. Pythia. ) Agrees with certamina, un
derstood.
33. His. ) He that overcame in the Py
thian games, either in fighting, running, or
chariot-driving, was rewarded with an oaken
crown.
Rotâve.) Or in chariot driving. Part for
the whole.
34. Esculeæ. ) A crown made of oak
leaves ; for the Esculus is a glandiferous tree,
so called, because the ancients made the
fruit their food.
for the whole.
Longoque crine. ) With long hair ; for so
Apollo is painted.
36. Phoebus.) Apollo.

EXP. FAB . XI. The waters of the great inundation having subsided,
there remained a slime, which produced a great variety of insects , with the
serpent Python, which did much mischief in the neighbourhood of Parnas
sus. Apollo, who armed himself with his bow and arrows, slew the serpent ;
which, being philosophically explained, imports, that the heat of the sun
having dissipated the exhalations of the earth , those monsters immediately
disappeared. If we have a reference to history for the explanation, Python.
was a robber who dwelt near Parnassus, and extremely molested those who
passed that way to offer sacrifices. A prince, who bore the name of Apollo,
or a priest of that God, freed the country from him. This event gave oc
casion to the institution of the Pythian games, so well known in Greece.
They were celebrated every fourth year : apples consecrated to Apollo,
or, as Pindar relates, crowns of laurel, were the prizes given to the
victors. Singing, dancing, and instrumental music, were used in those
games, beside the exercises mentioned in the fable.
This event, which Ovid places so near the subsiding of the deluge, must
have happened at a somewhat more distant time ; since in the days of Deu
calion, Apollo was not known at Delphi. It was Themis, agreeably to the
same poet and antiquity, who then delivered oracles there : there was also
another oracle before him, which was delivered by the earth.
F
34 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. I.

FAB. XII. DAPHNE PENEI FILIA IN LAURUM .

Apollo falling in love with Daphne, the daughter of the river Peneus,
she flies from him : he pursues ; but the nymph, having implored the
assistance of her father, was changed into1 a laurel.

Daphne Pencia fuit primus PRIMUS amor Phoebi Daphne Peneïa, quem
amor Phoebi, quem non igna non
ra fors dedit, sed sæva ira Cu
pidinis. Delius superbus ser- Fors ignara dedit, sed sæva Cupidinis ira.
pente nuper victa, viderat Delius hunc nuper victâ serpente superbus
hunc flectentem cornua ner- Viderat adducto flectentem cornua nervo : 4
vo adducto : que dixerat, Las
cive puer, quid tibi cum for- Quidque tibi, lascive puer, cum a fortibus armis?
tibus armis ? ista gestamina Dixerat : ista decent humeros gestamina nostros ;
decent nostros humeros ; qui Qui dare certaferæ, dare vulnera possumus hosti.
possumus dare certa vulnera
feræ, qui possumus dare certa Qui modò pestifero tot jugera ventre prementem
vulnera hosti. Qui modò stra- Stravimus innumeris tumidum Pythona sagittis.
vimus Pythona prementem tot Tu face nescio quos esto contentus amores 10
jugera pestifero ventre, tumi- Irritare tuâ : nec laudes assere nostras .
dum innumeris sagittis. Esto
tu contentus irritare nescio Filius huic Veneris ; Figat tuus omnia, Phoebe ;
quos amores tuâ face : nec as- Te meus arcus, ait: quantoque animalia cedunt
sere nostras laudes. Filius Ve- Cuncta tibi, tanto minor est tua gloria nostrâ.
neris ait huic ; Phoebe, tuus Dixit, et eliso percussis aëre pennis,
15
arcus figat omnia ; meus arcus
te : quantoque cuncta anima- Impiger umbrosâ Parnassi constitit arce ;
lia cedunt tibi, tanto tua glo- Eque sagittiferâ promsit duo tela pharetrâ
ria est minor nostrâ. Dixit,
et aëre eliso percussis pennis, impiger constitit umbrosâ arce Parnassi ; que promsit duo
tela è sagittiferâ pharetrâ
a talibus.

NOTES.

1. Peneïa.] Daughter ofthe river Peneus.
2. Fors. ] Chance, which makes no choice
of things.
Sæva ira ] The great Wrath of the
God of love. Cupido, of the Masculine
Gender, signifies the god of love ofthe Fe
minine Gender, Desire or coveting. The
poet relates how Apollo fell in love with
Daphne.
3. Delius. ] Apollo taking his Surname
from Delos, in which he and Venus are said
to have been born.
Hunc. Cupid.
Serpente. ] Python.
4. Adducto. ] Drawn.
5. Quidque tibi, &c. ] Est is understood.
8. Jugera.] He is said to have taken up
as many acres as a yoke
* of oxen can plough
in a day.
9. Stravimus. ] We have laid along ; we
have slain. From sterno, is.
Tumidum . ] Swelled with poison.
10. Face. ] With an arrow befitting thee ;
for a torch is attributed to Cupid, with
which the minds of young men are inflamed.
Abl. from Fax.
Nescio. ] As though he had said, light, ef
feminate, and unworthy the notice of men.
11. Irritare. ] To provoke, to kindle.
Assere. ] Arrogate , lay claim to. Imper.
of assero.
12. Filius Veneris. ] Cupid.
Huic.] To Apollo.
Figat. ] Although your arrows wound all
animals, yet you cannot escape my bow ;
therefore your glory is so much less than
mine, by how much the animals you kill
are inferior to the Gods.
Meus arcus. ] Nom, before figit under
stood.
15. Eliso aëre.] Cutting the air.
Pennis. ] With his wings ; for Cupid is
always painted with wings. Depends on
eliso.
16. Arce.] The top, the highest part.
17. Eque.) The que is an enclitic Con
junction, and E a Preposition belonging to
Pharetra.
Promsit. ] He drew out. • Promere is pro
perly to bring forth those things that have
been laid up. Promere consilia, is to lay
open counsels.
 FAB. XII. METAMORPHOSEΩN. 35

1 Diversorum operum. Fugat hoc, facit illud diversorum operum. Hoc fu

amorem . gat, illud facit amorem. Quod
facit est auratum, et fulget
Quod facit, auratum est, et cuspide fulget acuta : acutâ cuspide : quod fugat est
Quod fugat, obtusum est, et habet sub arundine obtusum, et habet plumbum
sub arundine. Deus fixit hoc
plumbum.
in Peneïde nymphâ : at illo
Hoc Deus in nymphâ Peneïde fixit: at illo læsit Apollineas medullas, tra
Læsit Apollineas trajecta per ossa medullas. jecta per ossa. Protinus alter
Protinus alter amat : fugit altera nomen amantis, amat : altera fugit nomen a
mantis, que gaudens latebris
Silvarum latebris, captivarumque ferarum silvarum, que exuviis capti
Exuviisgaudens, innuptæque æmula Phoebes. 25 varum ferarum, que æmula
Vitta coërcebat positos sine lege capillos. innuptæ Phœbes. Vitta co
Multi illam petiêre : illa aversata petentes, ërcebat capillos positos sine
lege. Multi petiêre illam :
Impatiens, expersqueviri, nemorum avialustrat : illa aversata petentes, impa
Nec quid Hymen, quid amor, quid sint con- tiens, expersque viri, lustrat
nubia curat. 29 avia nemorum : nec curat,
Sæpe pater dixit : Generum mihi filia debes : quid Hymen, quid amor, quid
connubia sint. Pater dixit
Sæpe pater dixit : Debes mihi nata nepotes . sæpe : Filia debes mihi gene
Illa velut crimen, tædas exosa jugales, rum. Pater dixit sæpe, Nata
Pulcra verecundo suffunditur ora rubore, debes mihi nepotes. Illa ex
osa jugales tædas velut crimen
s s
Inque patris blandi hæren cervice lacerti , s suffunditur pulchra ora vere
Da mihi perpetuâ , genitor charissime, dixit, 35 cundo rubore, que hærens
blandis lacertis in cervice patris, dixit, Charíssime genitor, da mihi frui perpetuâ,

NOTES.

18. Operum. ] Effects. exuitur, whatever is stripped off, therefore

19. Quod facit. ] The arrow which en the skin of a beast, the armour or clothes of
kindles love. a man.
Quod fugat.] The arrow which drives Emula.] An imitator of Diana, who
away love. prides himself in perpetual virginity. For
Obtusum. ] Without a point, blunt. æmulus sometimes signifies a follower and
Plumbum sub arundine. ] Tipt with lead, imitator. Licebit eum solus ames, me æmu
to cause a distaste or aversion to love. lum non habebis, i . e. imitatorem. Cic.
21. Hoc. ] The blunt one ; for hic respects Sometimes it is put for invideo, as in Book
the latter and nearer ; but ille the first and XIII.
remotest . Ille, therefore, is the gilded one, -Sed demit honorem
which shines Cuspide acutâ. Emulus Ajaci.
22. Trâjecta. ] The arrow passing through 26. Vitta. ] The head-binding, a fillet.
the pierced bones. Coërcebat.] He explains how Daphne is
25. Alter. ] Apollo; for alter is commonly an imitator of Diana ; for she regarded not
used for one of two. So Livy relates, that adorning her hair, and had an aversion to
Hannibal in passing the Alps, lost alterum all men.
oculum, i. e. one eye ; and in that it is distin Positos. ] Lying without any order ; by
guished from the word alius ; because alius and by he will say inornatos ; and in ano
is used of more, as " alii præponent virtutem, ther place malè compositos, et nondum di
alii voluptatem, alii divitias, alii honores." gestos.
Sometimes alter is taken for the second of 27. Petiêre.] Courted.
two; as, Hic est alter annus belli Punici, Illa. ] Daphne.
i. e. the second from the Punic war. So Aversata. Refused.
we say, alterum tantum, i. e. so much more. 28. Lustrat. Frequents, rambles through .
29. Hymen. ] The God of marriage. .
Altera. ] Daphne. 30. Generum. ] Acc. of gener, i.
Amantis. Of Apollo. 32. Tædas. ] Marriages. A part for the
whole ; for five torches were carried before
24. Captivarumque ferarum. ] Of beasts brides. The tæda is a tree of which the best
taken in hunting. torches are made.
1 33, Veracundo rubore. ] Modest blushes.
25. Exuviis.] In general signifies quicquid
36 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. I.

virginitate : pater Diana de- Virginitate frui : dedit hoc pater antè Dianæ.
dit hoc ante. Ille quidem Ille quidem obsequitur : sed te decor iste, quod
obsequitur : sed iste decor
vetat te esse quod optas ; que optas,
tua forma repugnat tuo voto. Esse vetat ; votoque tuo tua forma repugnat.
Phoebus amat que cupit con- Phoebus amat, visæque cupit connubia Daphnes :
nubia Daphnes visæ. Que Quæque cupit sperat ; suaque illum oracula
sperat, quæ cupit ; suaque
oracula fallunt illum. Utque fallunt. 40
leves stipulæ adolentur aris- Utque leves stipulæ demtis a adolentur aristis ;
tis demtis ; ut sæpe ardent Ut facibus sæpè ardent, quas с fortè viator
facibus, quas viator fortè vel
admovit nimis, vel reliquit Vel nimis admovit, vel jam sub luce reliquit :
jam sub luce : sic Deus abiit Sic Deus in flammas abiit, sic pectore toto
in flammas, sic uritur toto Uritur, et sterilem sperando nutrit amorem . 45
pectore, et nutrit sterilem a
morem sperando. Spectat ca- Spectat inornatos collo pendere capillos :
pillos pendere inornatos collo : Et, Quid si comantur ? ait. Videt igne micantes ,
et ait : Quid si comantur ? Vi- Sideribus similes oculos . Videt oscula, quæ non
det oculos micantes igne, si- Est vidisse satis. Laudat digitosque, manusque ,
miles sideribus. Videt oscula
quæ non est satis vidisse. Brachiaque, et nudos mediâ plus parte lacertos 50
Laudat digitosque, manusque, Si qua latent, meliora putat. Fugit ocior aurâ
brachiaque, et lacertos nudos Illa levi : neque ad hæc revocantis verba resistit :
plus mediâ parte. Si qua la- Nympha, precor, Penei, mane : non insequor
tent, putat meliora. Illa fugit
hostis :
ocior levi aurâ, neque resistit
ad hæc verba revocantis : Nympha Penei, inquit Apollo, precor, mane : non insequor hostis :
a abolentur. b sepes. c nocte.

NOTES.

56. Dedit.) Daphne endeavours to per 44. Deus.) Apollo.

suade her father to permit her to live in
virginity ; as Jupiter granted the same favour
to his daughter Diana.
Pater.) Diana's father Jupiter.
57. Obsequitur. ) Complies with your de
sires, says Ovid. This is an apostrophe or
conversion of the poet's speech to the damsel.
Decor.) That excellent beauty of thine.
38. Votoque ) To thy desire.
40. Suaque illum.) For, as the God of
Prophecy, he should have known that Daph
ne would not listen to his addresses.
Fallunt.) They deceive him ; for he hoped
for that which he did not obtain.
41. Adolentur. ) Are burned.
Demtis aristis. ) The ears of corn being
taken away. Part for the whole ; for Arista
is properly the beard of the ear.
Viator.) Is derived of via, and properly
signifies one who takes upon him to perform
any journey ; although among the Romans
those were called Viatores, who summoned
the magistrates from the country to the city.
43. Vel, &c.) Or torches held too near
the stubbles.
Sub luce. ] At day-break.
In flammas abiit. ) He was inflamed with
the love of Daphne.
45. Sterilem.) Vain, from which he would
have no pleasure.
47. Si comantur?) If they were combed,
how graceful must they then appear?
48. Oscula.) The diminutive of Os, oris,
and signifies in this place a pretty little
mouth, not kisses.-Our poet was a great
admirer and an excellent judge of beauty in
the fair sex, and he takes 7every opportunity
of shewing it.
Quæ non, &c.) For he desired to kiss
them too.
50. Brachium. ) The arm from the shoul
der to the elbow.
Lacertus.) The arm from the elbow to
the wrist.
51. Meliora putat.) Persuades himself
that the beauties still unseen are yet more
enchanting.
52. Illa. ) Daphne.
Revocantis. ] Of Apollo.
Resistit. ] Stays, stops her course.
53. Peneïa. ] The daughter of the river
Peneus,
FAB. XII. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 37

Nympha mane. Sic agna lupum, sic çerva leo- Nympha mane. Sic agnafu
nem , 54 git lupum, sic cerva leonem,
sic columbæ fugiunt aquilam
Sic aquilam pennâ fugiunt trepidante columbæ ; trepidante pennâ ; quæque
Hostes quæque suos. Amor est mihi causa se- suos hostes. Amor est mihi
quendi. causa sequendi. Me mise
Me miserum ! ne prona cadas, indignave lædi rum ! ne cadas prona, ne
sentes secent crura indigna
Crura secent sentes, et sim tibi causa doloris. lædi, et sim causa doloris tibi.
Aspera, quâ properas, locasunt. Moderatiùs oro, Loca quà properas sunt aspe
Oro, curre moderatiùs,
Curre, fugamque inhibe : moderatius insequar ra. que inhibe fugam : ipse inse
ipse. 60 quar moderatiùs. Tamen in
Cui placeas inquire tamen. Non incola montis, quire cui placeas. Non sum
Non ego sum pastor ; non hic armenta, gregesve incola montis, ego non sum
Horridus observo. Nescis, temeraria, nescis pastor ; non horridus observo
hìc armenta, gregesve . Nes
Quem fugias ; ideoque fugis. Mihi Delphica cis, temeraria, nescis quem
tellus, 64 fugias ; ideoque fugis. Del
Et Claros, et Tenedos, Pataræaque regia servit. phica tellus, et Claros, et
Tenedos, Pataræaque regia
Jupiter estgenitor. Permequcderitque, fuitque, servitmihi. Jupiter est geni
Estque, patet : per me concordant carmina tor. Quod eritque, fuitque,
nervis. estque, patet per me ; carmi
na concordant nervis per me.
Certa quidem nostra est ; nostrâ tamen una Nostra sagitta quidem est cer
sagitta ta : tamen una est certior nos
Certior, in vacuo quæ vulnera pectore fecit. trâ, quæ fecit vulnera in va
cuo pectore. Medicina est
Inventum medicina meum est, opiferque per
meum inventum, que dicor
orbem 70 opifer per orbem, et poten
Dicor, et herbarum subjecta potentia nobis. tia herbarum est subjecta no
Hei mihi, quòd nullis amor est medicabilis herbis ; bis. Hei mihi, quòd amor est
Nec prosunt domino, quæ prosunt omnibus, artes ! medicabilis nullis herbis ; nec
artes prosunt domino, quæ
Plura locuturum timido Peneïa cursu prosunt omnibus ! Peneïa fu
git locuturum plura timido cursu ;

NOTES.

54. Sic agna, &c. ] All creatures by nature
fly from their enemies, thesheep from wolves,
and the deer from the lion ; with as much
terror did Daphne also fly from Apollo,
though he was so deeply in love with her.
55. Pennâ trepidante. ] With trembling
wing .
56. Hostes, &c.] Fugit is the verb under
stood .
58. Secent. ] From Sentis a thorn . The
thorns should prick and tear. 1 ventor of physic, he teaches also, Fast 5.匪
60. Inhibe. ] Hold in, stop your flight,
do not fly.
62. Armenta. ] Properly that sort of cat
tle that is fit for the work of arms, is called
armentum and in this, armentum differs
from grex, in that armentum is a company of
great cattle, as camels, oxen, horses and asses ;
but grex, of small cattle, as sheep, hogs, or
goats.
63. Horridus. ] Undressed, untrimmed,
slovenly.
66. Jupiter.] Apolle is said to be the son
ofJupiter and Latona.
67. Concordant. ] I am the inventor of
music and harmony,
Carmina.] Songs.
Nervis.] The strings or chords.
68. Certa.] He professes himself an ex
pert archer ; but says, Cupid, by whom he
was wounded, was more expert.
Una.] Cupid's dart.
69. Vacuo.] Void of love before, free.
70. Inventum.] That Apollo was the in
" Vos quoque Phoebeâ morbis qui pellitis
arte " and the 4th of Trist.
" Si valeant homines, ars tua, Phœbe, ja
cet :" and in another place,
1 "Carminis et medica Phoeberepertoropis. "
Opifer.] Bringing help and aid ; but opi
fex is one doing work.
72. Quod, &c.] Because I find no medi
cine which will ease love.
75. Domino.] To me Apollo.
Timido.] Being in fear for herself.
 88 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. I.

• qui reliquit verbs imperfecta Fugit ; cumque ipso verba imperfecta reliquit.
cum ipso. Tum quoque, visa Tum quoque visa decens. Nudabant corpora
decens. Venti nudabant cor
pora, obviaque flamina vibra venti, 76
bant adversas vestes ; et le- Obviaque adversas vibrabant flamina vestes ;
vis a¨ra dabat impexos capil- Et levis impexos retro dabat aura capillos ;
los retro ; que forma est aucta
fugâ. Sed enim juvenis Deus Auctaque forma fugâ est. Sed enim non sus
non sustinet ultrà perdere tinet ultrà 79
blanditias : utque ipse amor Perdere blanditias juvenis Deus : utque movebat
movebat, sequitur vestigia Ipse amor, admisso sequitur vestigia passu.
admisso passu. Ut Gallicus
canis cùm vidit leporem in Ut canis in vacuo leporem cùm Gallicus arvo
vacuo arvo ; et hic petit præ- Vidit ; et hic prædam pedibus petit, ille salutem ;
dam pedibus, ille salutem : Alter inhæsuro similis, jam, jamque tenere
alter similis inhæsuro, sperat
jam, jamque tencre, et strin. Sperat, et extento stringit vestigia rostro : 85
git vestigia extento rostro : Alter in ambiguo est, an sit deprensus ; et ipsis
alter est in ambiguo, an sit Morsibus eripitur , tangentiaque ora relinquit :
deprensus ; et eripitur ipsis Sic Deus et virgo est : hic spe celer, illa timore.
morsibus, que relinquit tan
gentia ora : sic est Deus et Qui tamen insequitur, pennis adjutus amoris, 89
virgo, hic celer spe, illa timo- Ocior est, requiemque negat, tergoque fugaci
re. Tamen qui insequitur, ad- Imminet ; et crinem sparsum cervicibus afflat.
jutus pennis amoris, est ocior,
que negat requiem, que immi- Viribus absumtis expalluit illa, citæque
net tergo fugaci : et afflat Victa labore fuga, spectans Peneïdas undas,
erinem sparsum cervicibus . Fer, pater, inquit, opem, si flumina Numen ha
Illa expalluit, viribus absum betis.
tis, que victa labore citæ fu 94
gæ, spectans Peneidas undas, [ Quâ nimium placui, tellus, aut hisce, vel istam,
inquit, Pater, fer opem, si Quæ facit ut lædar, mutando perde figuram . ]
flumina habetis Numen. [Tel
Jus, quâ nimium placui, aut hisce, vel perde istam figuram , quæ facit ut lædar, mutando. ]

NOTES.

75. Ipso.] With Apollo.
76. Tum.] When Daphne ran.
Decens.] Beautiful.
Corpora.] Her limbs,
77. Vibrabant.] They waved, were agi-
tated.
Flamina.] The gales.
78. Retro dabat. ] Blew back.
79. Sed enim.] But however, that is, to
be brief, in a word.
80. Perdere.] To throw away kind words .
Juvenis.] Apollo, being young, cannot
bear to treat her with kind words any longer.
81. Admisso passu.] Driven, i. e. swift
steps.
82. Ut.] By a fine similitude he describes
the swiftness of Daphne fleeing, and Apol
lo pursuing.
82. Canis Gallicus.] A grey-hound, vacuo
arvo, in an open field.
83. Prædam.] His prey, sc. the hare.
Pedibus. ] By the swiftness of his feet.
Ille.] The hare.
84. Alter. The grey-hound.
85. Stringit.] Rakes her footsteps, rushes
with his snout over the very ground, that her
foot had left but the instant before. The
metaphorical signification of stringo in this
place, is taken from that which it has in
66
stringere frondes, " to strip a branch of its
leaves with the hand : the likeness is be
tween the motion of the grey-hound and the
hand.
Extento rostro .] With out-stretched
snout.
86. Alter.] The hare.
Ambiguo.] In doubt.
Deprensus.] Caught by the dog.
87. Eripitur.] Is freed, escapes.
90. Fugaci.] The damsel fleeing.
91. Crinem afflat .] Apollo pursues Daph
ne so closely, and is so very near her, that he
even breathes upon her hair.
92. Illa.] Daphne.
Citæ fuga.] Of so swift a flight.
94. Numen.] A divine power, by which
you can assist me.
95. Quâ.] In which.
Aut hisce , &c. ] She entreats the earth
either to swallow her up, or change her into
another shape. Imp. from, hisco, is.
FAB. XII. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 39

Vix prece finità, torpor gravis alligat artus : Prece vix finitå, gravis tor
Mollia cinguntur tenui præcordia libro : por alligat artus : mollia præ
In frondem crines, in ramos brachia crescunt : cordia cinguntur tenui libro :
crines crescunt in frondem,
Pes modò tam velox pigris radicibus hæret : 100 brachia in ramos : pes modò
Ora cacumen obit : remanet nitor unus in illâ. tam velox hæret pigris radici
Hanc quoque Phœbus amat : positaque in sti bus ; cacumen obit : ni
ora Pho
torunusremanet in illa.
pite dextra, bus amat hanc quoque ; po.
Sentit adhuc trepidare novo sub cortice pectus. sitâque dextrâ in stipite, sen
Complexusque suis ramos, ut membra, lacertis, tit pectus adhuc trepidare sub
Oscula dat ligno : refugit tamen oscula lignum : novo cortice. Complexusque
ramos, ut membra, suis la
Cui Deus, At conjux quoniam mea non potes certis, dat oscula ligno : ta
esse, 106 men lignum refugit oscula.
Arbor eris certè, dixit, mea : semper habebunt Cui Deus dixit, At, Laure,
quoniam non potes esse mea
Te coma, te citharæ, te nostræ, Laure, pharetræ . conjux, certè eris mea arbor.
Tu ducibus Latiis aderis, cùm læta triumphum Coma semper habbit te, ci
nostræ
Vox canet, et longæ visent Capitolia pompæ. tharæ habebunt te,
Postibus Augustis eadem fidissima custos 111 pharetræ hab bunt te. Tu ade
ris Latiis ducibus, cùm læta
Ante fores stabis, mediamque tuebere quercum. vox canet triumphum, et lon
Utque meum intonsis caput est juvenile capillis ; ga pompa visent Capitolia.
Tu quoque perpetuos semper gere frondis ho- Eadem fidissima custos Au
114 gustis postibus, stabis ante
nores. fores, que tuebere quercum
Finierat Pæan. Factis modò laurea ramis mediam. Utque meum caput
Annuit ; utque caput, visa est agitâsse cacumen. est juvenile intoasis capillis ;
tu quoque semper gere per
petuos honores frondis. Pæan finierat. Laurea annuit ramis modò factis : que visa est
agitâsse cacumen, ut caput.
a occupat. b lætis.

NOTES.

97. Gravis torpor.] A heavy numbness.
98. Libro.] With bark.
Tenui.] From tenuis the Adj.
100. Modò:] A little before.
Pigris. ] Slow, immoveable ; it signifies
that her feet were turned into roots.
101. Ora.] The mouth and face of Daph
ne were changed into the top of a laurel.
Nitor.] Her neatness alone remains with
her.
102. Hanc.] This tree for the laurel is
said to be dedicated to Apollo.
Stipite.] On the trunk of the tree.
106. Deus.] Apollo.
109. Tu Ducibus, &c.] The Roman tri
umphs were conducted to the Capitol : the
general wore a crown of laurel, and the
soldiers shouted Iö triumphe, as they passed
along.
110. Visent.] Shall visit.
Capitolia.] The Tarpeian castle : for the
Capitol was the temple of Jupiter, on the
Tarpeian mount so called : for, when they
laid the foundation of Jupiter's temple, a
human head was found : though by some cal
led à capite Toli, i. e. the head of a certain
man was found there, who had been buried
in the Capitoline mount : for before, this
mount was called Arx Tarpeia, or Tarpeius,
of a Vestal virgin Tarpeia, who was there
killed, and buried by the Sabines. He says
very properly, Capitolia : for they who
triumphed ascended into the Capitol to sa
crifice to Jupiter Capitolinus.
Pompæ.] Of captives, and spoils taken
in war, besides the representations of the
cities that were taken for all these things
were carried in triumph.
112. Fores, &c.] You shall hang before
the gates for, in the porch of the emperor's
house, crowns of laurel and oak were hung
up : the laurel on each side, and the oak in
the middle,
Quercum.] An oaken crown which was
given on the preserving of citizens, and call
ed Civica, and dedicated to Cæsar in the
porch but yet others imagine, that these
trees were wont to be set before the em
perors' gates.
114. Perpetuos.] Always bear leaves : for
the laurel never casteth its leaf. f
115. Pæan.] Apollo [Tawv, Greek, smit
ing that is to say, with arrows. Pæan is
also said to be a hymn made to Apollo.
Laurea.] The laurel : also a crown made.
of laurel, is called a laurel crown.
40 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. I.

EXP. FAB. XII. For the explanation of this fable, as well as the other
gallantries of the Gods, which the poets frequently mention, we must lay it
down as a principle, that, besides there being many Jupiters, many Apollos ,
many Mercuries, &c. the priests of those Deities frequently sanctified their
own debaucheries with the names of their divinities. From hence proceeded
that prodigious number of children which claimed those Gods fortheirfathers .
This principle being established, we with ease can explain the fable of
Daphne. Some prince, who, for his love of polite learning, was named A
pollo, fell in love with Daphne, daughter of Peneus, king of Thessaly, and
one day pursuing her, the young princess perished on the bank of a river,
in sight of her lover, and some laurels growing near the place, gave rise to
her metamorphosis ; or rather the etymology of the word Daphne, which
in Greek signifies a laurel, was the foundation of this fable.

'FAB. XIII. IO INACHI FILIA A JOVE ADAMATA.

Jupiter being in love with Io, the daughter of the river Inachus, pursues
her, and casts a darkness over the earth, with which he covers the
nymph, and then ravishes her.

Est nemus Hæmoniæ, quod FST nemus Hæmoniæ, prærupta quod undi
prærupta sylva claudit undi que claudit
que ; vocant Tempe ; per
quæ Peneus effusus ab imo Sylva ; vocant Tempe ; per quæ Peneus ab imo
Pindo volvitur spumosis un- Effusus Pindo spumosis volvitur undis :
dis : que conducit nubila a- Dejectuque gravi tenues a agitantia fumos
gitantia tenues fumos gravi Nubila conducit ; summasque aspergine sylvas 5
dejectu : que impluit summas
sylvas aspergine, et fatigat Impluit, et sonitu plus quàm vicina fatigat.
plus quam vicina sonitu. Hæc Hæc domus, hæsedes, hæc sunt penetralia magni
domus, hæ sedes, hæc sunt Amnis : in hôc residens facto de cautibus antro,
penetralia magni amnis : re
sidens in hoc antro facto de Undisjura dabat, Nymphisque colentibus undas.
cautibus, dabat jura undis, Conveniunt illuc popularia flumina primum, 10
Nymphisque colentibus un
das. Popularia flumina conveniunt illuc primùm,
a imitantia.

NOTES.
1. Nemus.] This is Topography : for he
describes Tempe.
Prærupta.] High: Tempe is a very plea
sant grove in Thessaly ; hence all pleasant
places are called Tempe. It is of the plural
number. Tέμɛα, Greek, places set with
trees, and pleasant marshes and green herbs.
So Theocrite Idil. 1 .
*Η κατὰ Πηνείου, κατὰ Τέμπεα , ἢ κατὰ
Πίνδου.
2. Per. ] The river Peneus glides through
the midst of Tempe, which, excelling all the
rivers in Thessaly in clearness, arises from
the bottom of Mount Pindus.
4. Dejectu gravi.] With its violent down
fall.
Tenues fumos.] A thin (vapour-like)
smoke, occasioned by the descent of the
water.
6, Sonitu.] Not only the neighbouring
places, but those which stand a great way
off, are disturbed by its noise.
6. Penetralia.] The more private places
of the house, in which sacrifice was done to
the household Gods, were called Penetralia .
8. Amnis.] Of the river Peneus.
Cautibus ] Made of the rocks.
Hoc antro. ] In this cave .
9. Dabat.] He gave forth.
10. Popularia flumina.] The neighbour
ing rivers. Popularis signifies properly one
beloved by the people, who procures their fa
vour, and studies their interest. Cic. Nihil
tam populare quam bonitas. Popularis also
is used for one who is of the same condition,
Lot, and Fortune as Terent. in Phorm.
Davus calls Geta, popularem suum : for he
was a servant too.
 FAB. XIII. METAMORPHOSEON. 41

Nescia gratentur, consolenturne parentem, Nescia gratentur, consolen.

Populifer Spercheos , et irrequietus Enipeus , turne populifer
Spercheos advenit, et irrequi
Apidanusque 6 senex, lenisque Amphrysos, et etus Enipe
us, que senex Api
Eas. danus, lenisque Amphrysos
Moxque amnes alii ; qui, quà tulit impetus illos, et as. Moxque alii annes :
In mare deducunt fessas erroribus undas , qui deducunt undas fessas er
15 roribus in mare, quà impe
Inachus unus abest, imoque reconditus antro tus tulit illos. Inachus,unus
Fletibus auget aquas, natanique miserrimus 15 abest, que reconditus imo an
tro auget aquas fletibus, que
Luget, ut amissam. Nescit vitâne fruatur, miserrimus luget natam Iô,
An sit apud manes, Sed, quam non invenit ut amissam. Nescit fruatur
usquam , 19 ne vitâ, an sit apud manes.
Esseputat nusquam ; atqueanimopejora veretur. Sed, quam non invenit usquam
putat esse nusquam ; atque
Viderat à patrio redeuntem Jupiter Iô
veretur pejora animo. Jupi
Flumine: et, O virgo Jovedigna, tuoque beatum ter viderat Io redeuntem à
Nescio quem factura toro, pete, dixerat, umbras patrio flumine : et dixerat, O
Altorum nemorum (et nemorum monstraverat virgo digna Jove, que factu
3 ra nescio quem beatum tuo
A umbras) toro, pete umbras altorum
Dum ca let, et medio Sol est altissimus orbe. 25 nemorum (et monstraverat
Quòd si sola times latebras intrare ferarum, umbras nemorum ) dum calet,
et Sol est altissimus medio or
Præside tuta Deo, nemorum secreta subibis : be. Quod times sola intrare
si
Nec de plebe Deo, sed qui coelestia magnâ latebras ferarum , subibis se
Sceptra manu teneo, sed qui vaga fulmina mitto. creta nemorum tuta Deo præ
side : nec de plebe Deo, sed
b Apidanas, Phenix, lenisquè, &c. vel, Apidanusque fugax' qui teneo cœlestia sceptra
Antusque Amphrysos, &c. magnâ manu, sed qui mitto
fulmina.

NOTES.

11. Gratentur.] Should congratulate Pe Unus.] Alone (only)

neus, because his daughter Daphne had
been turned into a laurel.
Consolenturne.] Or condole with him,
because he had lost his daughter.
12. Populifer ] Bearing poplar-trees.
Spercheos.] A river of Thessaly.
Enipeus.] Also a river in Thessaly, flow
ing into Apidanus.
15. Senex.] Because it flows very slowly,
until it takes in the Enipeus .
Lenis.] Flowing gently.
Amphrysos.] This also is a river of Thes
saly, near which Apollo fed king Admetus's
herds.
Eas.] A river of Epirus.
14. Moxque.] And after that. It answers
to the adverb primùm.
Amnes.] sc. They come to compliment
Peneus.
16. Inachus.] A river of Achaia, so called
from king Inachus Jupiter, seeing his
daughter Io walking abroad, lay with her ;
and, lest Juno should come to the knowledge
of it, transformed her into a cow ; therefore
Inachus, grieving for the loss of his daugh
ter, keeps within.
b
17. Iô.] Is a Greek Accusative (Case ;)
for it is declined Iô, Iûs, in Greek.
18. Vitâne.] Whether she be alive.
19. Manes.] Or whether she be dead ; for
they are said " apud manes esse,'" who are
dead ; manes being the souls of the dead.
Usquam.] Her whom he could no where
find, he imagines to be dead.
20. Pejora veretur.] He fears the worst.
22. Flumine.] From Inachus, a river of
Achaia.
23. Toro.] With your bed.
25. Dum calet.] While the heat lasts ; for
Jupiter exhorts the damsel to shun the heat
of the mid-day.
26. Latebras.] The woods in which wild
beasts have their dens.
28. Sed.] But who have the government
ofheaven. He lets her know that he is Ju
piter, the greatest ofthe Gods, that he may
the more easily persuade her to comply with
him.
29. Vaga.] That do not pass straight for
ward, but aslant ; for thunderbolts go slant
ing.
G
42 F. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. I.

Ne fuge me (enim fugiebat.) Ne fuge me (fugiebat enim. ) JampascuaLernæ,

Jam reliquerat pascua Lerna, Consitaque arboribus Lircæa reliquerat arva: 31
que Lircæa arva consita arbo
ribus : cum Deus occuluit latas Cùm Deus inductà latas caligine terras
terras caligine inductâ, tenu- Occuluit, tenuitque fugam, rapuitque pudorem.
itque fugam, rapuitque pu
dorem .

NOTES.

30. Lernæ.] A raarsh ofthe Grecians, in 33. Occuluit.] He hid or concealed.

fested by the serpent Hydra, which was Tenuit. ] Put a stop to her flight, or with
slain by Hercules. held her from flying.
32. Deus.] Jupiter. Rapuit. ] He ravished her.

EXP. FAB. XIII. The Greeks embellished their history with the princi
pal events of Egypt and Phoenicia; the faintest resemblance, either in names
or adventures, induced them to confound their history with that of tlie
people from whom they derived their original. They would be thought
ancient ; and those who came first to people Greece having brought with
them the knowledge of their history and their religion, it cannot be a mat
ter of surprise that their posterity assumed the honour of both. The fable
before us came originally from Egypt. Isis was the great Divinity of that
ancient people ; she reigned over them soon after the dispersion of nations,
and taught them agriculture, and several other profitable and necessary
arts : in acknowledgment of this, they made her a Divinity, and her divine
rites passed with their colonies into foreign countries. Greece received
them when Inachus went to settle himself there, and in process of time,
Isis, or Io, was taken for his daughter, and the fable published in the man
ner that Ovid relates it. This is what is most to be depended on ; but as
something might have happened in Greece to have given rise to this fable,
•
it is necessary to shew in what manner the Greek authors explain it. Ap
ollodorus, Strabo, Diodorus Siculus, and Pausanias, upon Homer's autho
rity, say, that Io was the daughter of Inachus, the first king of Argos ; that
Jupiter took her away by force, and carried her to the Isle of Crete ; that
he had a son by her named Epaphus, who went to reign in Egypt ; that his
mother having followed him thither, married Osiris, who was the same with
Apis, the son of Phoroneus, second king of Argos, and who, after his death,
was ranked among the Gods under the name of Serapis. To explain all the
circumstances of this fable, it is added, that Niobe, who had also the name
of Juno, according to the custom ofthose times, having conceived a jealousy
of that intrigue, put Io under the custody of her uncle Argus a most vigi
lant person ; that Jupiter ordered his confidant to kill him, and that his
mistress having embarked in a vessel for Egypt, which carried the figure of
a Cow at its head, the story of the transformation of that princess into one,
took its rise.

FAB. XIV. IO IN VACCAM.

Jupiter, having changed to into a Cow, to conceal her from the Jealousy of
Juno, is obliged to bestow her to that Goddess, who delivers her to the
care of the watchful Argus. Jupiter at the same time, dispatches Mer
cury to lay her Keeper in a profound Sleep, and then to destroy him.
FAB. XIV. METAMORPHOSEN . 43

INTEREA medios Juno despexit in agros ; Interea Juno despexit in

Et noctis faciem nebulas fecisse volucres medios agros : et mirata vo
lucres nebulas fecisse faciem
Sub nitido mirata die ; non fluminis illas noctis sub nitido die, sentit
Esse, nec humenti sentit tellure remitti. illas non esse fluminis, nec
Atque suus conjux ubi sit, circumspicit, ut quæ 5 remitti humenti tellure. At
que circumspicit, ubi suus
Deprensi toties jam nôsset furta mariti. [lor, conjux sit, ut quæ jam nôsset
Quem postquam cœlonon repperit : Aut ego fal- furta mariti toties deprensi.
Aut egolæder, ait. Delapsaque abæthere summo Quem postquam non reppe
Constitit in terris ; nebulasque recedere jussit. rit cœlo : ait, Aut ego fallor,
aut ego lædor. Delapsaque
Conjugis adventum præsenserat, inquenitentem ab summo æthere constitit in
Inachidos vultus mutaverat ille juvencam. 11 terris : que jussit nebulas re
cedere. Ille præsenserat ad
Bos quoque formosa est. Speciem Saturnia vaccæ, ventum conjugis, que muta
Quanquam invita, probat : nec non et cujus, et verat Inachidos vultus in ni
unde, tentem juvencam. Bos est
Quove sit armento, veri quasi nescia, quærit. quoque formosa. Saturnia,
Jupiter ê terrâ genitam mentitur, ut auctor 15 quanquamciem vaccæinvita, probat
: nec non spe
quærit
Desinat inquiri. Petit hanc Saturnia munus. et cujus sit, et unde, quove
Quid faciat ? Crudele, suos a addicere amores : armento sit, quasi nescia ve
Nondare, suspectum. Pudorestqui suadeatillinc; ri. Jupiter mentitur genitam
è terrâ, ut auctor desinat in
Hinc dissuadet amor. Victus pudor essetamore : quiri. Saturnia petit hanc
munus. Quid faciat? Crudele addicere suos amores : suspectum non dare. Pudor est
qui suadeat illinc ;
a abdicere.

NOTES.

1. Despexit.] She looked downward ; the appearance of a thing, as when we say

for despicio is properly to look downward:
because we are apt to look upon those things
we despise, as though cast down, or at our
feet. Despicio is also used for, I condemn.
2. Volucres nebulas.] Floating clouds,
which seem to fly as birds.
3. Nitido die. ] In a clear day.
Fluminis. ] Naturalists say clouds are ge
nerated either from rivers or vapours ofthe
earth.
Illas.] The clouds.
Conjux.] Jupiter the husband of Juno.
6. Mariti.] Of Jupiter.
10. Conjugis. ] Of his wife Juno.
Præsenserat.] Jupiter perceived her ap
proach.
11. Inachidos. ] Io, the daughter of Ina
chus.
Ille.] Jupiter.
12. Bos, &c.] Io was a very beautiful
virgin ; and, though transformed into a
Cow, she even then appeared beautiful.
Speciem.] Her beauty (fairness.) Species
is derived ofthe obsolete verb specio, I see ;
whence comes aspicio, &c. First it is taken
(as in this place) for beauty, which consists
in a proportionable shape of the members,
and an agreeable sweetness in the counte
nance. Secondly, species is taken for image
or idea. So we say an architect has the spe
eles of a house in his mind, Thirdly, for
a thing is specie tenus, i. e. good in appear
ance.
Saturnia.] Juno, the daughter of Saturn,
15. Probat. ] She praises ; for probare is
properly to commend, to praise, to call good.
Cic. Meum factum à te probari gaudeo.
Probare is sometimes used to demonstrate
the truth of any proposition by such argu
ments as make it clear and evident ; because
those things seem praise-worthy which can
be proved by argument. Hence Probatio
is called Demonstration ; and probabile, that
which though not strictly true, yet, on ac
count of some specious appearances of rea
son, seems plausible and persuasive.
Nec non.] And also.
Cujus.] Who she is.
Unde.] From whence she came.
14. Quærit.] Asks.
15. Auctor.] That the owner of the Cow
might not be found out by Juno.
17. Addicere.] To give over to bondage,
to set to sale.
Amores. ] The Cow, or Io, which he loved.
18. Non dare.] Not to give the Cow
which Juno asked for, would make the mat
ter suspected, and make Juno imagine şoma
ill.
Illinc.] sc. To give her to Juno.
19. Hinc.] From giving her to Juno.
 44 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. I.

Amor dissuadet hinc. Pudor Sed leve si munus sociæ generisque torique 20
esset victus amore : sed si Vacca negaretur, poterat non vacca videri .
vacca, leve munus, negare
tur sociæ generisque torique, Pellice donatâ, non protinus exuit omnem
poterat videri non vacca. Di- Diva metum : timuitque Jovem, et fuit anxia
va donatâ pellice, non pro furti ; 1
tinus exuit omnem metum ; Doneca Aristoridæ servandam tradidit Argo. 24
timuitque Jovem , et fuit
anxia furti ; donec tradidit Centum luminibus cinctum caput Argus habebat.
Aristoridae Argo servandam. Inde suis vicibus capiebant bina quietem ;
Argus habebat caput cinctum Cætera servabant, atque in statione manebant.
centum luminibus. Indè bina
capiebant quietem suis vici- Constiterat quocunque modo, spectabat ad Iô :
bus ; cætera servabant, atque Ante oculos Iô, quamvis aversus, habebat.
manebant in statione. Quo- Luce sinit pasci : cùm Sol tellure sub altâ est, 30
cunque modo constiterat,
spectabat ad Io : habebat Jô Jo Claudit, et indigno circumdat vincula collo..
ante oculos, quamvis aversus, Frondibus arbuteis, et amarâ © pascitur herbâ :
Sinit pasci luce : cum Sol est Proque toro, terræ nonsemper gramen habenti
sub altà tellure, cludit, et Incubat infelix : limosaque flumina potat.
circumdat vincula indigno
collo. Pascitur arbuteis fron- Illa etiam supplex, Argo cùm brachia vellet 35
dibus et amarâ herba : que Tendere ; non habuit quæ brachia tenderet Argo :
infelix incubat terræ non Conatoque queri, mugitus edidit ore :
semper habenti gramen, pro
toro ; que potat limosa flumi- Pertimuitque sonos : propriâque exterrita voce
Ra. Illa etiam supplex, cùm Venit et d ad ripas, ubi ludere sæpe solebat, [ est.
vellet tendere brachia Argo ;
non habuit brachia quæ tenderet Argo : que edidit mugitus ore, conatò queri : pertimut
itque sonos que exterrita est propriâ voce. Et venit ad ripas, ubi sæpe solebat ludere,
a Arestoridæ. b Inque. c vescitur. d ad patrias.

NOTES.

22. Pellice.] The coneubine ; for she is
called Pellex, who has to do with a man
who has a wife.
23. Diva.] Junò.
Anxia.] She was very careful, lest she
should be stolen from her.
24. Argo.] To Argus, the son of Aristus.
25. Centum luminibus.] An hundred eyes.
26. Inde.] Of those hundred eyes.
Bina ] Two slept.
27. Cætera ] The other eyes, sc. the 98.
Servabant.] They kept watch.
Statione manebant.] They watched : a
metaphor taken from soldiers, who are then
said to keep (remain in) their station, when
they diligently keep watch and ward. Sta
tio is properly said of any place where a
thing stands. It is also a winding place in
the shore, where ships may ride for a time
but nevertheless not so safe as in a port.
Virgil :
" statio male fida carinis. "'
Those places in which soldiers have planted
themselves, are called Stations, also stativa.
We also call a place assigned to watchmen
to watch, in a Station. Hence we say, sta
tionary soldiers ; to which a station is assig.
ned for watching or safeguard.
29. Aversus.] Turned another way.
30. Luce. ] Argus permits her to feed in
the day-time. (
Sol, &c.] When the sun sets, i. e. by night.
31. Claudit.] Binding her to the manger,
he shuts her up in the stable.
Indigno.] To the neck that does not de
serve bonds, because of its tenderness and
beauty.
52. Amarâ.] Bitter to her, the daughter
of Inachus ; not to cows, to whom it is sweet.
33. Pro toro.] Instead of a bed.
34. Incubat. ] She lies down all along on
the ground.
Limosa.] Clayey and muddy.
36. Brachia tendere.] To stretch forth
her arms, in order to move Argus to com
passion.
37. Edidit.] She sent out ; for edere, when
the first syllable is long, is the same as emit
tere, to go forth, extra ore dare, to publish ;
whence we say, libros edere, to publish
books, that is, to send out books to be read
publicly. Edere often signifies to exhibit,
to shew ; as, " edere spectacula, edere ma
nus gladiatorum. " From this, high places
are called edita and edentia ; i. e. shewing
themselves.
 FAB, XIV. METAMORPHOSEΩN. 45

0 Inachidas ripas, novaque ut conspexit in undâ 40 Inachidas ripas ; que ut con

spexit nova cormua in undâ,
Cornua, pertimuit, seque externata refugit. pertimuit, que externata re
Naïdes ignorant, ignoratet Inachus ipse, [ rores; fugit se. Naïdes ignorant, et
Quæ sit. At illepatrem sequitur, sequiturque so- Inachus ipse ignorat quæ sit.
Et patitur tangi, seque admirantibus offert. At illa sequitur patrem, se
Decerptas senior porrexerat Inachus herbas; 45 quiturque sorores et patitur
tangi, que offert se admiran
Illa manus lambit, patriisque dat oscula palmis. tibus. Senior Inachus por
Nec retinet lacrymas ; et, si modò verba sequan- rexerat decerptas herbas ; illa
tur, lambit manus, que dat oscula
patriis palmis. Nec retinet
Oretopem, nomenque suum, casusqueloquatur. lacrymas ; et si modò verba
Littera pro verbis, quam pes in pulvere e ducit, sequantur, oret opem, que
Corporis indicium mutati triste peregit. 50 loquatur suum nomen, casus
Me miserum ! exclamat pater Inachus ; inque que. Littera pro verbis, quam
pes ducit in pulvere, peregit
gementis triste indicium mutati corpo
Cornibus, et niveæ pendens cervice juvencæ, ris. Pater Inachus exclamat,
Me miserum ! ingeminat : tune es quæsita per me miserum ! que pendens in
cornibus et cervice niveæ ju
omnes, vencæ gementis," ingeminat,
Nata, mihi terras ? Tu, non inventa, ƒrepertâ Me miserum ! Tune es nata,
Luctus eras levior. Retices ; nec mutua nostris quæsita mihi per omnes ter
ras ? Tu eras levior lactus
Dicta refers. Alto tantùm suspiria prodis 56 non inventa repertâ. Reti
Pectore : quodque unum potes, ad mea verba ces ; nec refers dicta mutua
remugis. nostris. Tantùm prodis sus
At tibi ego ignarus thalamostædasque parabam : piria alto pectore : que remu
gis ad mea verba, quod unum
Spesque fuit generi mihi prima, secunda nepotum, potes. At ego ignarus para
De grege nunc tibi vir, nunc de grege natus bam tibi thalamos tædasque :
habendus. spesque generi fuit prima mi
hi, nepotum secunda. Nune
Nec finire licet tantos mihi morte dolores :
Sed nocet esse Deum : præclusaque janua lethi vir est habendus tibi de
grege, nunc natus de grege.
Nec licet mihi finire tantos
dolores morte : sed nocet esse Deum ; que janua lethi præclusa
e duxit. f reperta es.

NOTES.

40. Inachidas. ] Of her father Inachus.
Ripas. ] Ripa is the bank of a river, flood,
or stream .
Nova.] Newly grown.
41. Fugit. ] She endeavoured to fly from
them ; but she was not able to fly from her
self.
42. Naïdes. ] They do not know their sis
ter. The Naïdes are properly the nymphs
ofthe fountains and rivers.
46. Lambit. She licks.
49. Oret. She would entreat.
Casus.] Her misfortunes.
49. Pro verbis.] Instead of words. The
letters which the cow made with her feet in
the dust, gave the father knowledge of his
daughter.
Ducit. ] Made or described.
50. Mutati. ] Changed into a Cow.
Triste. ] The sorrowful discovery which
affected her father Inachus prodigiously.
51. Me.] O! which is sometimes omitted
in lighter exclamations.
52. Pendens cervice. ] Embracing the
horns and neck of his daughter.
55. Ingeminat. ] Cries out.
54. Inventa.] When we seek, we say in
venimus ; but what we meet with by chance,
reperimus.
55. Luctus levior. ] Less grief. The father
is more affected that his daughter was turned
into a cow, than if she was dead.
Mutua. ] Nor dost answer me again.
57. Quodque, &c ] Which thou only
canst do.
58. Thalamos.] Marriage ; (a match.)
60. Grege.] Ofthe herd.
61. Nec finire.] Nor can I ever have an
end put to my sorrows, being an immortal
god.
62, Lethi. ] Of death.
46 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. I.

extendit nostros luctus in om- Eternum nostros luctus extendit in ævum.

ne ævum. Stellatus Argus Talia mærenti stellatus submovet Argus,
submovet natam ereptam pa
tri mœrenti talia, que abstra- Ereptamque patri diversa in pascua natam 65
hit in diversa pascua. Ipse oc- Abstrahit. Ipse procul montis sublime cacumen
capat sublime cacumen mon- Occupat ; unde sedens partes speculetur in omnes.
tis procul ; unde sedens spe- Nec Superum rector mala tanta Phoronidos ultrâ
culetur in omnes partes. Nec
rector Superûm potest ferre Ferre potest ; natumq ; vocat, quem lucida partu
ultrà tanta mala Phoronidos ; Pleïas enixa est, letoque det imperat Argum. 70
que vocat natum, quem luci- Parva mora est, alas pedibus, virgamque potenti
da Pleïas enixa est partu : Somniferam sumsisse manu, tegimenque capillis.
que imperat det leto Ar
gum. Mora est parva sumsisse Hæc ubi disposuit, patriâ Jove natus ab arce
alas pedibus, que somniferam Desilit in terras : illic tegimenque removit, 74
virgam potenti manu, tegi- Etposuit pennas, tantummodo virga retenta est.
menque capillis. Ubi natus Hac agit, ut pastor, per devia rura capellas,
Jove disposuit hæc, desilit ab
patriâ arce in terras. Que Dum venit, abductas: et structis cantat avenis.
illic removit tegimenque, et Voce & novæ captus custos Junonius artis,
posuit pennas, virga tantum- Quisquis es, hôc poteras mecum considere saxo,
modo est retenta. Hâc, ut
pastor, agit capellas abductas Argusait: neque enim pecori fœcundior ullo 80
per devia rura, dum venit : Herba loco est ; aptamque vides pastoribus
et cartat structis avenis. Ar umbram .
gus, custos Junonius, captus
voce novæ artis, ait Quisquis
es, poteras considere mecum hôc saxo : neque enim est herba fœcundior pecori ullo loco ;
que vides umbram aptam pastoribus. g Voce novâ captus custos Junonius. At tu.

NOTES.
63. Extendit. ] Draws out, prolongs ; q. d.
I must always be in mourning.
· 64. Stellatus .] Because his eyes shined
like stars.
Submovet.] He removes ; he makes Io go
away from her father, saying these things.
66. Abstrahit.] He forces away violently.
Ipse.] Argus.
Procul. ] At a distance.
Cacumen ] The top, the height, whence,
sitting, he looked every way.
67. Occupat.] He ascends hastily.
68. Rector.] Jupiter.
Phoronidos. ] Of the grand-daughter of
Phoroneus ; for Phoroneus was the father
of Inachus.
62. Natum.] His son Mercury.
Lucida.] The brightest of the Pleiades,
viz ; Maia.
70. Enixa.] Brought forth ; it has some
times the same meaning as eniti, to endea
your to labour.
Det leto.] He should kill.
71. Parva mora est. ] Immediately.
Alas pedibus.] The winged shoes which
are attributed to Mercury, who is the
swiftest of the planets.
Virgamque.] The rod which Mercury
had received of Apollo for finding his lyre ;
C
this the poet commonly calls Virga ; and
Virgil thus describes its virtues, Æn. iv.
66 -Hâc animas ille evocat Orco
" Pallentes, alias sub tristia Tartara mittit,
" Dat somnos, adimitque, et lumina morte
" resignat. "
Hence " somnifera virga," the sleep-bring
ing rod.
72. Tegimenque capillis.] His cap.
73. Jove natus.] Mercury, the son of
Jove by Maia.
Disposuit ] He laid aside his wings.
76. Hâc.] With his rod or wand.
Agit.] He drives a flock ofgoats.
77. Structis.] A pipe which he had made
of the reeds into which the nymph Syrinx
had been changed.
78. Voce. With the sound.
Novæ artis .] Pipes lately invented by
Mercury.
Captus.] Allured .
Junonius custos.] Argus, appointed the
keeper of Io, who was lately turned into a
COW.
79. Hoc saxo.] Upon this rock, or stone,
on which he sat himself.
80. Fœcundior.] More fertile.
81. Pastoribus For the repose and quiet
of shepherds
FAB. XV. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 47

Sedit Atlantiades, et euntem multa loquendo Atlantiades sedit, et detinuit

euntem diem sermone, lo,
Detinuit sermone diem ; junctisque canendo quendo multa ; que tentat
Vincere arundinibus servantia lumina tentat. vincere servantia lumina ca
Ille tamen pugnat molles evincere somnos : 85 nendo junctis arundinibus .
Tamen ille pugnat evincere
Et quamvis sopor est oculorum parte receptus ; molles somnes : et quamvis
Parte tamen vigilat. Quærit quoque ( namque
sopor est receptus parte ocu
reperta lorum, tamen vigilat parte.
Fistula nuper erat) quâ sit ratione reperta. Quoque quærit, quâ ratione
fistula sit reperta ; namque e
rat reperta nuper.

NOTES.
82. Atlantiades. ] Mercury, the grandson 85. Ille Argus.
ofAtlas by Maia. Pugnat. ] Endeavours, struggles.
84. Vincere. To overcome, to lay to Molles somnos.] The gentle sleep brought
sleep. upon Argus by Mercury
Arundinibus. ] By the sound of his pipe. Evincere ] To drive away.
Servantia.] His eyes watching the heifer. 87. Quærit.] Argus enquires of Mer
Tentant.] He endeavours, strives. cury.

EXP. FAB. XIV. What respects the metamorphosis of Io into a Cow,

and the different journies she undertook to conceal herself from the jealousy
ofJuno, who, in the end, set her mad, by continually tormenting her with
gad flies. These have been so well noticed in the foregoing explanations, as
to render it unnecessary to proceed further. But however, I shall point out
one observation necessary to be attended to, which is, that poets, as well
ancient as modern, have an indulgence that is not allowed to any other wri
ters, and of which our author has made a most abundant use, by seizing
every the least circumstance that could support his invention , and allow him
the liberty ( however simple and trifling the facts ) of working them by a
luxuriance of invention, to become marvellous, of which the ancients were
particularly fond ; even the likeness of a name, whether to a thing animate
or inanimate, it mattered not : and, though their fables have their founda
tion in history, yet they are so disfigured by a train of circumstances, that
more cannot be expected than to discover the fact or transaction that was
the foundation of the poet's superstructure, without pursuing him through
the labyrinth of his ingenuity ; this I shall endeavour to do, by shewing
whether the poet had taken to his assistance the transactions of history, ei
ther sacred or profane."
4
FAB. XV. SYRINGA NYMPHA IN FISTULAM .

Pan falling in love with the nymph Syrinx , the daughter ofthe river Ladon ;
she flies his address, and he pursues. Syrinx, stopped by herfather's waves,
calls her sisters the Naïades to her assistance, who change her into reeds :
Pan of them constructs a flute of seven pipes, which is called by her name.
TUM Deus, Arcadia gelidis in montibus, Tum Deus inquit : Fuit una
Naïas, in gelidis montibus
inquit, Arcadiæ, celeberrima inter
Inter Hamadryadas celeberrima Nonacrinas Hamadryadas Nonacrinas :
Naïas una fuit ; Nymphæ Syringa vocabant. Nymphæ vocabant Syringa.

NOTES.
1
1. Tum Deus.] Mercury begins to relate 3. Syringa.] From her name a pipe in
this storyto Argus, Greek is called ' ugry&•
 48 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. I

Illa non semel eluserat et se- Non semel et Satyros eluserat illa sequentes,
quentes Satyros, et quoscum- Et quoscumque Deos umbrosavesylva, feraxve 5
que Deos umbrosave sylva,
feraxve rus habet. Colebat Rus habet : Ortygiam studiis, ipsâque colebat
Ortygiam Deam studiis, ip- Virginitate Deam : ritu quoque cincta Dianæ
sâque virginitate. Quoque Falleret, et credi posset Latonia, si non
cincta ritu Dianæ, falleret, et Corneus huic arcus, si non foret aureus illi.
posset credi Latonia, si cor
neus arcus non foret huic, si Sic quoque fallebat. Redeuntem colle Lyceo 10
aureus non foret illi. Sic Pan videt hanc, pinuquecaputpræcinctusacutâ,
quoque fallebat. Pan videt Talia verba refert : Tibi nubere, Nympha, vo
hanc redeuntem Lyceo colle,
præcinctus caput acutâ pinu Votis cede Dei. Restabat a plura referre : [lentis
refert talia verba. Nympha, Et precibus spretis fugisse per avia Nympham ;
cede votis Dei volentis nube- Donec arenosi placitum Ladonis ad amnem 15
re tibi. Restabat referre
plura : et Nympham fugisse Venerit : hîc, illi cursum impedientibus undis,
per avia, spretis precibus : Ut se mutarent, liquidas orâsse sorores
donec venerit ad placitum Panaque, cùm prensamsibi jam Syringa putaret,
amnem arenosi Ladonis: hie, Corporepro Nymphæ calamos tenuisse palustres.
undis impedientibus cursum
illi, orâsse liquidas sorores ut Dumque ibi suspirat, motos in arundine ventos
mutarent se : Panaque, cùm Effecisse sonum tenuem, similemquequerenti : 21
putaret Syringa jam prensam Arte novâ vocisque Deum dulcedine captum,
sibi, tenuisse palustres cala- Hoc mihi consilium tecum, dixisse, manebit :
mos pro corpore Nymphæ.
Dumque suspirat ibi, ventos Atque ita disparibus calamis compagine ceræ
motos in arundine, effecisse Inter se junctis nomen tenuisse puellæ. 25
tenuem sonum, similemque
querenti. Que Deum, captum novâ arte que dulcedine vocis, dixisse, Hoc consilium
tecum manebit mihi : Atque ita disparibus calamis junctis inter se compagine cera, te
nuisse nomen puellæ.
a verba,

NOTES,
4. Non semel.] Oftentimes.
Satyros.] The gods of the woods. So
called, because these animals are found only
in deserts, especially in those of Ethiopia.
Eluserat.] She had eluded ; for she imi
tated Diana, and resolved to keep her virgi
mity.
5. Quoscumque, &c.] The sylvans, Fau
nus and Pan.
7. Ritu.] After the manner.
8. Latonia.] Diana, the daughter of La-
tona.
9. Huic.] To Syrinx.
Illi.] To Diana.
10. Sic. &c.] Although Syrinx had a bow
ofhorn, yet she might be taken for Diana,
she was so like her.
11. Pan .] The God of Shepherds and
Groves.
12. Volentis nubere tibi.] Having a de
sire to marry thee.
13. Votis cede Dei.] Comply with the
desire of the God Pan.
Restabat plura referre.] The God Pan
intended to have made a longer Speech, but
was interrupted by the flight ofthe nymph.
14. Precibus.] The intreaties of Pan.
Avia.] Places where were no paths.
Nympham.] Syrinx.
15 ] Ladonis.] Ladon is the most gentle
river in Arcadia.
16. Hic.] In this river.
Illi.] Syrinx.
17. Liquidas sorores.] The Naïades.
19. Corpore pro.] Instead of the body
of Syrinx.
Calamos.] The canes growing in marshes.
20. Ibi.] In the reeds.
Suspirat.] He sighs : sc. Pan.
22. Deum.] Pan.
93. Hoc. &c. ] I am resolved, says Pan,
that this way of conversing shall continue
between us, notwithstanding this metamor
phosis : for as through this reed you utter
your complaints, so with the same reed will
I for ever lament my unsuccessful love.
24. Disparibus.] Unequal.
/ Compagine.] By ajoining.
25. Nomen] For the Greeks call a pipe
oúgiyya.

EXP. FAB. XV. This is another of the Egyptian fables introduced into
the Grecian history. Pan was a Divinity very much honoured by the
Į FAB. XVII. METAMORPHOSEON. 49

Egyptians, in the famous city of Mendes ; and under his namethey paid their
devotionto Nature ; it isnot in the least surprising, that the Grecians hadtheir
Pan, as Nonnus has reckoned up notless than twelve ; it is to the Pan of Greece
our author attributes the advantages he has related. The ancients in general
agree that the reed-flute was the invention of that God, without particu
larising him.

FAB. XVI . ARGUS, ARESTORIS FILIUS, A MERCURIO OCCISUS.

Mercury, having laid Argus asleep, cuts off his head.

TALIA dicturus, vidit Cyllenius omnes 1 Cyllenius dicturus talia vi

Succubuisse oculos, adopertaque lumina dit omnes oculos succubuis
se, que lumina adoperta som
somno. no. Supprimit vocem ex
Supprimit extemplovocem, firmatque soporem, templo : firmatque soporem,
Languida permulcens medicatâ lumina virgâ. permulcens languida lumina
medicatâ virgâ. Nec erat
05 Nec mora, falcato nutantem vulnerat ense, mora, vulnerat nutantem fal-、
Quà collo confine caput : saxoque cruentum cato ense. Quà caput est
1 Dejicit ; etmaculatpræruptam sanguinecautem. confine collo ; que dejicit
Arge jaces ; quodque in tot lumina lumen habe cruentum saxo : et maculat
præruptam cautem sanguine.
bas, Arge jaces ; que lumen quod
Extinctum est ; centumque oculos nox occupat habebas in tot lumina extinct
una um est, que una nox occupat
centum oculos.

NOTES.

1. Cyllenius.] Mercury ; so called from 5. Nutantem.] Argos nodding his head,

Mount Cyllenius in Arcadia, where he as persons sometimes do when sleeping.
was born. Helvet. 6. Quà collo.] Where his head was joined
2. Oculos.] Of Argus. to his neck.
Supprimit vocem.] Mercury stops. Saxoque.] From the mount.
4. Languida lumina.] His eyes seized 7. Præruptam ] High, steep, craggy.
with sleep. Sanguine.] Of Argus.
Virgâ.] With his wand. 8. In tot.] In a hundred eyes.
5. Falcato ense. ] A crooked sword, like Lumen.] The light.
a sickle. 9. Nox una ] One night ; death.

EXP. FAB. XVI . From history we learn, that Argus, the fourth king
of Argos, called the city after his name. Many ofthe most eminent writers
among the ancients agree, that Argos was the son of Arestor, a prince that
so exceeded in wisdom and penetration, that he is said to have an hun
dred eyes, and which is implied by the surname of Panoptes, given him
by the Grecian writers ; to his care it is said Io was committed for tuition,
but that some prince of the name of Jupiter had him destroyed, that he
might ravish Io. This event is the foundation on which Ovid had display
ed so much fiction and ingenuity in this fable.

FAB. XVII. ARGUS IN PAVONEM , ET 10 SUPRADICTA IN ISIDEM .

That the eyes of Argus might not be lost, Juno set them in the tail of a
Peacock. Io, after a tedious wandering, a variety of adventures and
frights by spectres, rests in Egypt, when Juno become at last propiti
ous, restores her to her former shape, and permits her to be worshipped
there under the name of Isis. H
50 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. I.

Saturnia excipit hos, que col- EXCIPIThos,volucrisq ; suæ Saturnia pennis

locat pennis suæ volucris, et Collocat, et gemmis caudam stellantibus
implet caudam stellantibus
gemmis. Protinus exarsit, implet.
nec distulit tempora iræ : que Protinus exarsit, nec tempora distulit iræ ;
objecit horriferam Erinnyn Horriferamque a oculis animoque objecit Erinyn
oculis, animoque Argolica Pellicis Argolicæ , stimulosque in pectore cæcos 5
pellicis, que condidit cæcos
stimulos in pectore, et terruit Condidit, et profugam per totum terruit orbem.
profugam per totum orbem. Ultimus immenso restabas, Nile, labori.
Nile, restabas ultimus immen- Quem simulac tetigit, positisque in margine ripa
so labori. Quem simul ac
tetigit, positisque genibus in Procubuit genibus, resupinoque ardua collo,
margine ripæ, procubuit, Quos potuit, solos tollens ad sidera vultus, 10
que ardua resupino collo, Et gemitu, et lacrymis, et luctisono mugitu
tollens vultus quos solos po- Cum Jove visaqueriest, finemqueorarèmalorum .
tuit ad sidera, et visa est
queri cum Jove, et gemitu, Conjugis ille suæ complexus colla lacertis,
et lacrymis, et luctisono mu- Finiat ut poenas tandem, rogat : Inque futurum
gitu, que orare finem malo
rum , Ille complexus colla Pone metus, inquit, nunquam tibi causa doloris
conjugis suæ lacertis, rogat Hæcerit ; et Stygias jubet hoc audirepaludes. 16
ut tandem finiat pœnas ; que
inquit, Pone metus in futurum, hæc nunquam erit causa doloris tibi, et jubet Stygias
paludes audire hoc.. a Horrificam.

NOTES.

1. Excipit.] She takes from the head of
Argus. But excipio sometimes signifies to
catch what is falling, and words dictated
when they are written ; sometimes to take
from a number. From hence comes excep
tio, which Ulpian calls, as it were, a certain
exclusion of the intent of an action from
action itself. Sometimes excipio is to take
by deceit, Virgil :
" Nonne ego te vidi Damonis, pessime,
caprum Excipere insidiis ?”
From hence excipulus is derived, which is
an instrument with which any thing is
caught, such as a net to take fish, or
snares to catch birds.
Hos ] The eyes.
Volucrisque. Of the peacock ; for the
peacocks are said to be under the tutelage of
Juno.
Saturnia. ] June the daughter of Saturn.
2. Collocat.] She places in.
Stellantibus. ] Shining like stars.
3. Protinus.] She was immediately in
flamed ; for Juno was enraged against Io,
on whose account Argus was slain.
Nec distulit. ] Neither did she defer her
revenge to another time. Juvenal.
" Tantum admirari, tantum laudare dis
ertos,"
Ut pueri Junonis avem.-i. e. the peacock,
4. Objecit.] Presented.
Erinnyn.] A dreadful fury, by which she
was driven all over the world. The infernal
furies are called Erinnyes.
5. Pellicis Argolica.] Io, the daughter of
Inachus, a river of the Argives. For Argo
licus comes from Argos, a famous city of
Peloponnesus, of which Inachus was king.
Stimulosque.] Hidden furies. Stimulus is
properly an instrument with which oxen are
goaded. Plaut. utinam stimulus in manu
mihi sit, quo latera conteram tua. Hence
by a metaphor, every thing, wherewith we
are vexed, is called stimulus. Thus we say,
" stimulus carnis et vitiorum." Hence
comes the verb stimulare ; to goad, or vex,
" Ter.- Magis nunc me amicæ
86 Dicta stimulant.- "
6. Condidit.] She hid, for condo properly
signifies to hide or bury in some secret place
of safety. Pliny says, " Formica condunt
æstate, quibus fruantur hyeme." Some
times condo is the same as ædifico, to build.
Virg.
66 - Pallas quas condidit arces,
""
" Ipsa colat.
Profugam.] Wandering far from her
country, for he is called Profugus, who flies
from his country, and the habitation where
he before lived. So Horace calls the Scy
thians profugos, because they frequently
changed their habitation.
7. Nile.] An apostrophe to Nile which is
a river of Egypt, so called from king Nilus.
8. Quem.] Where (to which river) as
soon as she arrived.
11. Luctisono.] Mournful.
13. Conjugis.] Of Juno.
Ille ] Jupiter.
16. Stygias.] He swore by the Stygian
lake, the name of which the gods did not
dare to use to a falsehood.
 FAB. XVII. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 51

Ut lenita Dea est, vultus capit illa priores ; Ut Dea est lenita, illa capit
Fitque quod antè fuit. Fugiunt è corpore setæ : priores vultus ; que fit quod
fuit ante. Setæ fugiunt è cor
Cornua decrescunt : fit luminis arctior orbis : 19 pore : cornua decrescunt : or
Contrahitur rictus : redeunt humerique manus- bis luminis fit arctior : rictus
contrahitur : humerique ma
que :
nusque redeunt : ungulaque
Ungulaque in quinos dilapsa absumitur ungues. dilapsa in quinos ungues, ab
De bove nil superest, formæ nisi candor, in illa : sumitur. Nil superest in illâ
Officioque pedum Nympha contenta duorum de bove, nisi candor formæ.
Que Nympha contenta officio
Erigitur ; metuitque loqui ; ne more juvencæ duorum pedum, erigitur; me
Mugiat : et timide verba intermissa retentat. 25 tuitque loqui, ne mugiat more
Nunc Dea a linigerâ colitur celeberrima turbà . juvencæ, et retentat inter
Huic Epaphus magni genitus de semine tandem missa verba timidè. Nunc
celeberrima Dea colitur lini
Credituresse Jovis : perqueurbes juncta parenti gera turbâ. Huic Epaphus
Templa tenet. Fuithuic animis æqualis et annis tandem creditur esse genitus
Sole satus Phaeton : quem quondam magna de semine magni Jovis : que
loquentem , 30 tenet templa juncta parenti
per urbes. Phaeton, satus
Nec sibi cedentem, Phœboque parente superbum, Sole, fuit æqualis huic ant
Non tulit Inachides : Matrique, ait, omnia demens mis et annis : quem, quondam
Credis, et es tumidus genitoris imagine falsi. loquentem magna, nec ceden
Erubuit Phaeton , iramque pudore repressit : 34 tem sibi, que superbum Phœ
bo parente, Inachides non
Et tulit ad Clymenem Epaphi convicia matrem. tulit : que ait, Demens credis
Quoque magis doleas, genitrix , ait, Ille ego liber, matri omnia ; et es tumidus
Ille ferox, tacui. Pudet hæc opprobria nobis imagine falsi genitoris. Phaë
ton erubuit, que repressit
Et dici potuisse, et non potuisse c refelli. iram pudore : et tulit ad ma
trem Clymenem convicia Epaphi. Que ait, Genitrix, quo magis doleas, ego ille liber,
ille ferox, tacui. Pudet hæc opprobria et potuisse dici nobis, et non potuisse refelli.
a Niligena. b Nunc. c referri.
NOTES.
17. Ut lenita.] As soon as Juno was ap 27. Epaphus.] Is believed to be the son of
peased. G Jupiter, because his mother Io is worshipped
Illa. ] Io, who had been changed into a cow. by the Egyptians as a goddess : hence the
18. Fitque, &c.] Is restored to human poet describes the contention of Epaphus
shape. and Phaeton. Epaphus affirmed that Phaë,
Fugiunt.] Quickly fly off. ton was not the son of Apollo ; with which
Setæ.] The harder hairs of the body. reproach Phaeton being provoked, he asks
19. Decrescunt.] Are lessened ; decay, his mother Clymene, to let him know his
Orbis ] The orbs of the eyes grow less. true father. She asserts it was Apollo, and
20. Rictus. ] The mouth is distinguished. exhorts him to go to Apollo's court and en
Rictus is a distention of the mouth, such as quire of him.
is common to those who laugh. Huic.] To Epaphus.
Humerique.] Her shoulders and her 30. Sole satus.] Born of the sun, i. e. son
hands return to their former shape ; those of Phœbus and the nymph Clymenė.
parts, which in other animals are called Quem.] Phaeton.
armi, in a man are called humeri. 32. Inachides.] Epaphus, the grandson of
21. Dilapsa.] Divided. Inachus.
22. De bove.] Nothing remains of the Matrique.] To Clymene.
COW. Ait.] Phaeton says.
23. Nympha ] The nymph Io, the daugh 33. Genitoris.] Of the Sun, or Phoebus.
ter of Inachus. 35. Clymenen.] The nymph Clymene is
25. Verba, &c.] She begins to speak a said to be the daughter of Oceanus and
gain with fear. Tethys, by whom Apollo had Phaeton.
Intermissa.] A long time left off. 37. Tacui.] Phaeton is greatly vexed, that
Retentat.] She attempts again to speak. he made no reply to the reproaches of Epa
26. Huic.] Now Io is worshipped for the phus, when, at all other times, he was so
goddess Isis, by the Egyptians who wear well able to vindicate his own eause.
linen garments ; for the priests of Isis wore 38. Refelli.] To be confuted. Refello is
such vestments . But the Egyptians sup composed of re and fallo, and siguifies to
pose Isis to be the moon, and Osiris the sun, disprove or refute.
52 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. I.

At tu, si modò sum creatus At, tu si modò sum coelesti stirpe creatus,
cœlesti stirpe, ede notam tanti Ede notam tanti generis : meque assere cœlo. 40
generis ; que assere me cœlo.
Dixit ; et implicuit brachia Dixit ; et implicuit materno brachia collo ;
materno cello ; Que oravit Perque suum, Meropisq ; caput, tædasq ; sororum,
per suum caput, Meropisque, Traderet, oravit, veri sibi signa parentis.
tædasque sororum , traderet Ambiguum, Clymene precibus Phaetontis, an irâ
sibi signa veri parentis. Am
biguum, Clymene magis mo- Mota magis dicti sibi criminis ; utraque cœlo 45
ta precibus Phaetontis, an Brachia porrexit ; spectansque ad lumina Solis,
irâ criminis dicti sibi ; por- Per jubar hoc, inquit, radiis insigne coruscis ,
rexit utraque brachia colo ; Nate, tibi juro, quod nos auditque videtque ;
spectansque ad lumina Solis,
inquit, Nate, juro tibi per Hôc te, quem spectas, hôc te, qui temperat or
hoc jubar, insigne coruscis bem, 49
radiis, quod auditque videt- Sole satum. Si ficta loquor, neget ipse videndum
que nos, te satum hoc Sole,
quem spectas, te satum hoc Se mihi ; sitque oculis lux ista novissima nostris.
Sole qui temperat orbem. Si Nec longus patrios labor est tibi nôsse penates :
loquor ficta, ipse neget se vi- Unde oritur, terræ domus est contermina nostræ.
dendum mihi, sitque ista lux
novissima nostris oculis. Nec est labor longus tibi nôsse patrios penates : domus unde
oritur, est contermina nostræ terræ.
NOTES.
40. Ede notam.] Shew me a token. others, who has the pre-eminence by nobi
Tanti.] Of so heavenly. lity, virtue, &c. Whence Virgil calls Æ
Assere cœlo.] Vindicate my descent from neas, Insignem pietate virum. Whence dis
heaven . tinctions and ornaments in clothes, banners,
41. Implicuit brachia.] He threw his arms &c. are called insignia : so distinguished
round his mother's neck. from others, as to be known who they be
Materno.] Of his mother Clymene. long to, and what uses they are for, as sol
42. Meropisque. ] By the life of her hus dier's garments, military colours, regal or
band Merops ; for Clymene, after she had consular badges : by which one army may
Phaeton by Apollo, married Merops. be known from another, one knight from
Tædasque.] His sister's marriages, which another, a king or consul from a private
he knew his mother had at heart. man. Virgil :
44. Ambiguum.] It is doubtful. Ambi "Mutemus clypeos, Danaumque insignia
guum is derived from the verb Ambigo (ex nobis
""
am, circum, et ago) properly signifying to " Aptemus.
surround, to go about, to compass. Hence Hence comes the verb insignire, which sig.
it is used for Dubito, and denotes an unde nifies to make remarkable, or distinguish,
termined, fluctuating, and divided opinion. to adorn.
45. Dicti.] Alledged against her. 49. Temperat.] Rules or governs ; for
47. Jubar. ] By the sun-beam. Jubar pro the sun has a mighty influence upon every
perly signifies the rays of the sun, or stars, thing.
having a kind of resemblance to the fine 50. Sole satum.] Begot by the sun.
flowing mane of a horse. Virgil : Si ficta.] If I lie and speak falsely.
" It portis, Jubare exorto, delecta juven Ille.] The sun.
tus." Videndum.] To be beheld.
Radiis coruscis.] Glittering, shining ; not 51. Novissima. ] Let this be the last light
only a beam of the sun is called radius, but of the sun to me.
the rod also with which geometricians draw 52. Nec longus.] Nor is there need of
lines. Virgil : any great pains to know and see your fa
Descripsit radio totum qui gentibus or ther's house.
bem." Penates patrios. ] Your father's house.
Radius is also a weaver's instrument, Virg. Nôsse ] Of knowing. This is a Greek
" Excussi manibus radii. "" construction : for the Greeks use Infinitives
Radius is also an instrument with which for Gerunds. So Propert. " Non datur ad
measures are equated ; a strike ; also wheels musas currere lata via, i. e. currendi."
are said to have radius's, spokes : from 53. Terræ.] To Ethiopia, for Ethiopia
whence comes radiare, to send forth rays, borders upon India, where the sun seems
to shine. to rise.
Insigne.] Bright, remarkable. Insignis Contermina. ] Bordering on, nigh, near
is used to describe a person excellent above to,
FAB. XVII. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 53

Simodò fert animus ; gradere ; et scitabere ab Si modò animus fert ; grade

re ; et scitabere ab ipso. Phaë
ipso. ton, lætus post talia dicta suæ
Emicat extemplo lætus post talia matris matris, emicat extemplo ; et
Dicta suæ Phaeton , et concipit ætheramente : 56 concipit æthera mente. Que
Ethiopasque suos, positosque sub ignibus Indos transit suos Æthiopas, que
Indos positos sub sidereis ig
Sidereis, transit ; patriosque adit impiger ortus. nibus, que adit impiger pa
trios ortus.

NOTES,

54. Si fert animus.] If you have an incli
nation to see your father's house.
Gradere. ] Go thou.
Scitabere.] You will search it out ; for
scitari is to ask after, or search out things
that are secret and hidden, that they may
be known.
Ab ipso.] Of Sol, the Sun.
55. Emicat. ] He sallieth forth.
Matris.] Of Clymene.
56. Concipit.] He promises himselfgreat
things, for he imagines he shall be able to
pass through the heavens.
37. Ethiopasque.] They who inhabit
Æthiopia are called Ethiopes, and are so
called of Æthiops, the son of Vulcan, who
called Æthiopia after his own name, or of
the Greek verb aiw, I burn, and w
was,the face, because they have burnt
faces, for the inhabitants of that region are
scorched by their nearness to the sun.
Sub ignibus.] Under the scorching heat
of the sun.
Indos.] The people of the East, so called
from the river Indus.

EXP. FAB. XVII. This fable perhaps has no other foundation than the
resemblance the spots of the peacock's tail have to eyes. But in pursuing
the system ofthe Heathen Mythology, we find that many of their gods
were but men, and when raised to the divine rank, became symbols of na
ture, as Neptune from usage represented the sea, Vulcan fire, Juno the air
or æther ; and as this element transmits the light, it was no extraordinary
compliment paid by the Egyptians to that Goddess, to place these eyes in
the tail of the bird dedicated to her. Mythologists relate, that as soon as
Mercury had composed Argus to sleep, a young man named Hierax waked
him ; upon that the God resolved to kill Argus with a stone, and to turn
the youth into a sparrow-hawk : notwithstanding this, Ovid makes Mer..
cury to kill Argus with a faulchion .

1
 ( 54 )

P. OVIDII NASONIS

METAMORPHOSEΩN ?
,

LIBER II.

FAB . Í. PHAETON, SOLIS ET CLYMENÆ FILIUS, AGitandi currus A

PATRE VENIAM EXORAT.

THE ARGUMENT.

Phaeton, insulted by Epaphus, goes to the Palace of Apollo, to beseech him

to give some public acknowledgment of his being his son. Apollo having
sworn by the River Styx, not to refuse him any thing he should desire re
specting that particular, he requested to guide Apollo's Chariotfor a day,
in which he succeeded so ill, notwithstanding the instructions given him ,
that the world was in danger of being consumed, as he could not prevent
the Horses from running away with him, into tracts unknown before.

Regia Solis erat alta sub-
limibus columnis, claremican
te auro, que pyropo, imitante
1 flammas : cujus summa fasti
gia nitidum ebur tenebat : bi-
fores valvæ radiabant lumine
argenti. Opus superabat
materiam; nam Mulciber illic
REGIA Solis erat sublimibus alta columnis,
Clara micante auro, flammasque imitante
pyropo :
Cujus ebur nitidum fastigia summa a tenebat :
Argenti bifores radiabant lumine valvæ 4
Materiam superabat opus ; nam Mulciber illîc
a tegebat

NOTES.

1. Regia.] Ovid employs the first eighteen
lines ofthis Book in the description of the
Palace of the Sun, whither Phaeton came,
on the solicitations of his mother Clymene,
to inquire of Apollo whether he was his
father or not.
2. Clara ] Lucid, bright.
Micante auro.] With burnished gold.
Pyropo. ] For Pyropus is a gem of a flame
colour : for the Greeks call fire 1 Tu ,
and theface av .
3. Nitidum.] Splendid, bright, or shining:
q. d. the roof of the Palace of the Sun was
ivory, and the doors silver.
4. Bifores ] Folding doors or gates : or
doors with leaves folding one over another.
5. Opus superabat.] The workmanship ex
ceeded the matter. for upon the silver fold
ing-doors, the four elements and their living
creatures had been engraved by Vulcan.
Mulciber.] Vulcan was called Mulciber
of molliendo ferro, i. e. of softening iron :
for mulcere is the same as mollire.
 FAB. I. METAMORPHOSEΩN , 55

Equora cælàrat medias cingentia terras, [orbi. Calârat æquora cingentia me

Terrarumque orbem, cœlumque quod imminet dias terras, que orbem terra
rum, cœlumque quod imminet
Coeruleos habet unda Deos, Tritona canorum, orbi. Unda habet cæruleos
Proteaque ambiguum, balænarumque prementem Deos, canorum Tritona, que
Egæona suis immania terga lacertis ; 10 ambiguum Protea, Jæona
Doridaque et natas : quarum pars nare videtur, prementem immania terga
balanarum suis lacertis ; Do
Pars in mole sedens virides siccare capillos, ridaque et natas : pars qua
Pisce vehi quædam. Facies non omnibus una : rum videtur nare, pars sedens
in mole siccare virides capil
Nec diversa tamen ; qualem decet esse sororum. los, quædam vehi pisce. Una
Terra viros, urbesque gerit, sylvasque , ferasque , facies non est omnibus, tamen
Fluminaque, et Nymphas, et cætera Numina nec diversa ; qualem decet
ruris. 16 sororum esse. Terra gerit
Hæc super imposita est cœli fulgentis imago : viros, urbesque, sylvasque,
ferasque, fluminaque, et rym
Signaque sex foribus dextris, totidemque sinistris . phas, et cætera Numina ruris.
Quò simul acclivo Clymeneïa limite proles Imago fulgentis cœli imposita
Venit, et intravit dubitati tecta parentis ; 20 est super hæc ; que sex signa
dextris foribus , totidemque
Protinus ad patrios sua fert vestigia vultus ; sinistris. Quò simul Clyme
Consistitque procul : neque enim propiora fe- neia proles venit acclivo
rebat limite, et intravit tecta dubi
tati parentis ; Protinus fert
Lumina. Purpureâ velatus veste sedebat sua vestigia ad patrios vul
tus; consistitque procul : neque enim ferebat propiora lumina. Phoebus velatus purpurea
veste sedebat
NOTES.
6. Equora.] The ocean. 18. Signaque.] Also the Circle of the Zo
Cælarat.] Had carved or engraved. diac was so engraved, that six of the con
Medias.] Medius is taken actively, en stellations are seen on the right side, and six
compassing, surrounding ; or passively, as en the left. They are called signs, from
here, encompassed, surrounded. their being representations of certain ani
7. Cœlumque.] The heaven which envi mals ; the sun's annual course is marked
rons the orb of the earth. by them ; in March he enters into Aries,
8. Canorum.] Sounding a trumpet ; for and stays a month in each . Their names
Triton, (as we have said in the first book) are expressed by Ausonius in this dis
was Neptune's trumpeter. tich :
9. Proteaque.] Acc. of Proteus, Pro
teus is a Sea- God, the keeper of Neptune's " Sunt Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer,
cattle, who is therefore called ambiguus, Leo, Virgo.
from the power he had of changing his " Libraque, Scorpio, et Arcitenens, Caper,
form ; so that he sometimes appeared as a Amphora, Pisces."
lion, sometimes as water, sometimes as fire.
Various changes of Proteus are related by They are called a in Greek ; and
Ovid, Metam . VIII. Fab. 10. And also among the Latins they say Signifer.
by Virgil, Georg. IV. 19. Quo.] To which court.
Balænarumque.] Balænæ are huge sea Simul.] As soon as, after this.
monsters, called whales . I Clymeneïa proles.] Phaeton, the son of
10.Egæona. ] Egaon was a giant, the Clymene.
son of Cœlus and Terra, and was accounted Acclivo limite.] By an ascending path ;
a Sea- God. for the palace of the sun was in a very
Immania.] Great, vast, huge. high situation. 1
Sti Lacertis.] With his arms. For Ægæon 20. Venit.] He arrived.
is said to have an hundred arms. Dubitati.] Of which he doubted.
11. Dorida.] Doris, the daughter of Oce Tecta.] The house.
anus and Tethys, is said to be the mother 21. Protinus.] Presently, immediately.
of the sea-nymphs, whence the poet adds Fert vestigia sua.] He goes forward into
3 et natas. his father's presence.
12.] Mole. ] Upon some great rock. 22. Neque, &c.] He did not approach
15. Terra,] On the earth was engraved ci nearer, as he could not bear the brightness of
ties, rivers, woods, nymphs and wild beasts. the sun.
56 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. II.

in solio lucente claris smarag- In solio Phoebus claris lucente b6 smaragdis.

A dextrâ
dis.Mensis,
et lævâque, Dies, A dextrâ , lævâque, Dies, et Mensis, et Annus, 25
et Annus, Sæcula Sæculaque, et positæ spatiis æqualibus Hora :
que, et Horæ positæ æquali-
bus spatiis, stabant ; verque Verque novum stabat cinctum florente coronâ :
novum stabat cinctum floren- Stabat nuda Estas, et spicea serta gerebat :
te corona : æstas nuda stabat, Stabat et Autumnus calcatis sordidus uvis :
et gerebat spicea serta. Au
tumnus et etiam stabat sordi- Et glacialis Hyems canos hirsuta capillos . 30
dus calcatis uvis, et Hyems Indè loco medius, rerum novitate paventem
glacialis, hirsuta per canos Sol oculis juvenem, quibus aspicit omnia, vidit.
capillos. Sol medius loco,
indè vidit oculis, quibus aspi- Quæque c viæ tibi causa ? Quid hâc, ait, arce
cit omnia, juvenem paventem petisti,
novitate rerum. Que ait, Progenies , Phaeton, haud inficianda parenti ?
Phaeton, progenie haud Ille refert : O lux immensi publica mundi, 35
ficianda parenti, s quæ in-
est
causa viæ tibi ? Quid petisti Phoebe pater, si das hujus mihi nominis usum,
hâc arce ? Ille refert : 0 Nec falsâ Clymene culpam sub imagine celat ;
pater Phoebe, publica lux Pignora da, genitor, per quæ tua vera propago
immensi mundi, si das mihi
Credar ; et hunc animis errorem detrahe nostris.
usum hujus nominis, nec Cly
mene celat culpam sub falsa Dixerat. At genitor circùm caput omne micantes
imagine ; da genitor pignora, Deposuit radios, propiusque accedere jussit ; 41
per quæ ego credaret esse tua
detrah e Amplexuque dato, Nec tu meus esse negari
vera
hunc errorem nostris animis. Dignus es ; et Clymene veros, ait, edidit ortus.
Dixerat. At genitor deposuit Quoque minùs dubites, quodvis pete munus, ut
radios micantes circùm omne illud
caput ; jussitque illum acce- Me tribuente feras. Promissis testis adesto 45
dere propiùs amplexuque
dato, ait ; Nec tu es dignus Dis juranda palus, oculis incognita nostris.
negari esse meus ; et Clymene
edidit veros ortus Quoque dubites minùs, pete quodvis munus ; ut feras illud, me tribuente,
Palus juranda Dis, incognita nostris oculis, adesto testis promissis.
b smaragdis. c Quæ tibi causa viæ ? quid in hâc, ait, arce petisti ?

NOTES.
24. Solio.] Solium is properly a seat of 29. Sordidus.] Because of the vintage
kings. which is in autumn : so in another place.
Smaragdis. ] With emeralds. "Venerat autumnus calcatis sordidus uvis,
# 25. Dies, &c.] The day, month, and year, " Redduntur meritò debita vina Jovi."
are represented as attendants on the sun, 32. Juvenem. ] Phaeton.
as they are measured by his motion. 34. Inficianda.] To be denied : for infici
26. Sæculaque.] Sæculum is the space of ari and inficias ire, is to deny.
an hundred years : hence the plays were 35. Ille.] Phaeton- Refert.] Answereth,
called Secular, because they were performed 36. Das.] Thou permittest.
every hundred years. 1 Nominis usum.] That I be called your
Hora.] The twelve parts of the day, offspring, and may call you father.
equally distant from one another. Horæ 37. Nec Clymene celat.] For et Clymene
so called of the Greek word op to de non celat.
fine ; because it defines or points out the true 38: Pignora,] Signs and tokens.
spaces oftimes. 39. Hunc errorem.] This uncertainty.
27. Florente coronâ.] A flowery crown, Detrahe.] Take away.
or crown of flowers. Observe, each season 40. Dixerat.] Phaeton said.
is here painted as a person in proper cha Genitor.] The sun.
racter. The spring with flowers, the sum 45. Edidit.] Hath asserted, publicly de
mer with corn, the autumn with grapes, clared.
and the winter congealed with ice. Ortus.] Thy true original : for thou truly
28. Nuda.] Naked, to represent the heat didst spring from me.
of summer, when there is little occasion for 45. Feras.] Thou shalt have.
clothes. 36. Dis, &c ] Styx, which Phoebus could
Spicea.] Crowns made of ears of corn. A not see, is a lake in hell, by which the Gods
crown is called sertum of serendis floribus. are afraid to swear falsely.
 FAB. 1. METAMORPHOSEΩN. 57

Vix bene desierat : currus rogat ille paternos, Vix bene desierat : ille rogat
Inque diem alipedum jus et moderamen equorum moderamencurrus paternos, que jus
alipedum et
equo
Poenituit jurâsse patrem ; qui terque quaterque rum in diem. Poenituit pa
Concutiens illustre caput ; temeraria, dixit, 50 trem jurâsse ; qui concutiens
Vox mea facta tuâ est. Utinam promissa liceret caput illustre ter quaterque,
dixit, Vox
Non dare! confiteor , solum hoc tibi, nate, nega- meraria tuâmea facta est te
voce.
Utinam
Dissuadere licet : non est tua tuta voluntas .[ rem . liceret non dare promissa !
Magna petis, Phaeton, et quæ nec viribus istis confiteor nate, negarem hoc
Munera conveniant, nec tam puerilibus annis. 55 solum tibi, Licet dissuadere :
tua voluntas non est tuta.
Sors tua mortalis : non est mortale quod optas. Phaeton , petis magna mune
Plusetiam, quàm quod Superis contingere fassit, ra, et quæ nec conveniant
Nescius affectas. Placeat sibi quisque licebit : istis viribus, nec annis tam
Non tamen ignifero quisquam consistere in axe puerilibus. Sors tua est mor
talis, quod optas non est mor
Me valet excepto. Vasti quoque rector Olympi, tale. Tu etiam nescius af
Qui fera terribili jaculatur fulmina dextra, 61 fectas plus, quàm quod sit
Non agat hos currus : et quid Jove majus ha- fas contingere Superis. Li
beinus ? cebit ut quisque placeat sibi,
tamen non quisquam Superum,
Ardua prima via est ; et quà vix mane recentes me excepto, valet consistere
Enitantur equi ; medio est altissima cœlo ; in ignifero axe. Rector quo
que vasti Olympi, qui jacu
latur fera fulmina terribili dextrâ non agat hos currus, et quid habemus majus Jove ? Prima
via est ardua ; et quà recentes equi vix enitantur mane ; via est altissima in medio cœlo.

NOTES.
47. Desierat.] For Desiverat, from desino. 57. Plus.] You desire more than would
Done speaking . be granted tothe Gods themselves.
Ille.] Phaeton.- 48 . Inque diem .] For 58. Affectas.] You presumptuously de
one day. sire.
Alipedum. ] The Gen. of Alipes. Having Placeat.] Ut understood. Although each
wings on their feet, i. e. more swift ; whence, God arrogates as much power as he can,
presently, he calls these horses volucres. yet none of them beside myself can stand
Jus.] Power. in the chariot of the Sun ; no, not Jupi
Moderamen.] The rule, government. ter himself, than whom none is greater or
49. Terque, &c.] Oftentimes. more powerful.
50. Concutiens.] The shaking of the head Quisque.] Agrees with Deus understood.
here signifies sorrow, elsewhere indignation. 59. In axe.] In the fire-bearing chariot.
Temeraria.] Your request has proved my Axis is the axle or pole, about which the
promise to be rash. wheels of the chariot are turned. Part is
51. Utinam, &c.] I wish I were able to here put for the whole.
deny you what I have promised. 60. Me excepto.] Abl. absolute.
53. Dissuadere licet. ] Apollo, as he could Rector.] Jupiter.
not refuse, upou account of his oath, en Olympi.] Of heaven . Olympus is a moun
deavours to dissuade him from the attempt, tain, whose top is so high, that those who
by laying before him the many difficulties dwell near it, call the top of it Heaven.
attending it. Hence the poets call Heaven Olympus.
54. Viribus istis. ] Small, weak, and mor 62. Et quid Jove majus.] q. d. Nothing,
tal. whence, Trist. B. II . El. 1 .
66 Jure igitur genitorque Deûm rectorque
56. Sors.] Condition. Sors properly sig
nifies a fortuitous event ; whence comes the vocatur.
verb sortier, to cast lots. Sors also signifies " Jure capax mundus nil Jove majus habet."
a bank or stock of money wherein several 63. Ardua.] The ascent is very laborious.
have a share. " Ter. Hei mihi de sorte nunc From the steepness in the morning, the pro
venio in dubium miser," i. e. about the price digious height at noon, and the declivity in
with which the minstrel was bought. Hence the evening.
comes Consortes, those who have paid in Recentes.] Fresh, in full strength, having
their parts, and have a common share in the rested all night.
fund. 64. Enitantur. ] Labour up.
Non est mortale.] For the chariot of the
sun is incorruptible.
I
58 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. I

Unde sæpe fit timor mihi ip- Unde mare, et terras ipsi mihi sæpe videre 65
si, videre mare et terras, et Fit timor, et pavida trepidat formidine pectus.
pectus trepidat pavida for
midine. Ultima via est pro Ultima prona via est, et eget moderamine certo.
na, et eget certo moderamine. Tunc etiam, quæ me subjectis excipit undis,
Tunc etiam Tethys ipsa, quæ Ne ferar in præceps, Tethys solet ipsa vereri.
excipit me nèsubjectis
solet præ Adde, quòd assidua rapitur vertigine cœlum ; 70
ferar undis,
ceps. Adde, quod cœlum Sideraque alta trahit, celerique volumine torquet.
rapitur assidua vertigine, que Nitor in adversum : d nec me, qui cætera, vincit
trahit alta sidera, eque tor- Impetus ; et rapido contrarius evehor orbi.
quet celeri volumin . Nitor
in adversum ; nec impe- Finge datos currus: quid agas? poterisne rotatis
tus qui vincit cætera vincit Obvius ire polis, nè te citus auferat axis ?
me; et evehor contrarius ra- Forsitan et lucos illic, urbesque Deorum,
pido: orbi.
tos Finge
quid agas currus da
? Poterisne ire Concipias animo, delubraque ditia donis
obvius polis rotatis, ut citus Esse. Per insidias iter est, formasque ferarum.
axis nè auferat te? Forsitan Utque viam teneas, nulloque errore traharis,
et concipias animo esse illic Per tamen adversi gradieris cornua Tauri, 80
lucos, urbesque Deorum, de
lubraque ditia donis. Imo, iter Hæmoniosque arcus, violentique ora Leonis,
est per insidias, formasque Sævaque circuitu curvantem brachia longo
ferarum. Utque (et quamvis Scorpion, atque aliter curvantem brachia Can
teneas viam, que traharis crum .
nullo errore, tamen gradieris
per cornua adversi Tauri, que arcus Hæmonios, que ora violenti Leonis, que Scorpion cur
vantem sæva brachia longo circuitu, atque Cancrum curvantem brachia aliter.
d Ne me, qui cætera, vincat.

NOTES.
66. Pavida.] By the effect ; because it
makes fearful, and affrights.
67. Prona.] Headlong.
Moderamine certo.] Firm or steady guid
ance.
69. Tethys.] Put here for the sea. The
wife of Oceanus, who seems to receive the
sun in setting, and to emerge from it when
rising. Here the poets said, Tethys received
him in the evening, and opened the gates for
him in the morning.
70. Adde quòd, &c.] The poets supposed
the heavens to move from west to east, and
the sun from east to west. The diurnal mo
tion ofthe earth from west to east accounts
for the phænomenon.
Vertigine.] By its rolling and turning.
70. Torquet.] Turns ; for the fixed stars
are turned with the heavens ; but the planets
move contrary to the motion ofthe heavens.
72. Nitor.] I steer contrary to the revo
lution ofthe heavens.
Nec, &c.] Nor can the impetuosity and
rapid rotation of the heavens, which carries
all things else along with it, stop the natural
course ofmy motion.
Qui cætera.] Scil. vincit.
" 73. Rapido.] To the swift orb : for the
sun passes through the signs of the Zodiac
contrary to the world.
74. Poterisne.] Canst thou be able to stem
the rapid course and rotation of the heaven,
about the poles, so as not to be carried along
with it, but to go contrary to it? They are
called poles from the verb 70λew, which sig
nifies to turn, as upon them the whole frame
of the world is supposed to turn.
75. Polis : axis.] Put here for the heavens.
76. Forsitan, &c.] Phoebus acquaints
Phaeton, that instead of fine improvements
which he may expect to meet with, he would
find no other than deserts and wild beasts :
by the latter we are to understand the con
stellations, as they are supposed to resemble
animals, under the names of Taurus, Cancer,
Leo, &c.
77. Ditia.] See Dis.
79. Utque.] Although. q. d. Although
I should admit that you know the way so
well as not to make any mistake, yet you
must pass between the horns of Taurus, &c.
80. Adversi.] Opposite, contrary.
Tauri.] One of the signs of the Zodiac,
so called from the resemblance it has to this
animal taurus (a bull, ) as also vacca (a cow. )
the latter is chiefly used by Ovid :
Vacca sit an taurus, non est cognoscere
promptum."
81. Violenti.] Forthe sun immediately on
its entrance into that sign, darts its rays with
a more violent heat.
82. Longo.] For scorpio encompasses a
great space with his claws.
83. Scorpion.] From Scorpios.
 FAB. 1. METAMORPHOSEON. 59

Nec tibi quadrupedes animosos ignibus illis, 84 Nec est tibi in promptu regere
Quos in pectore habent, quos ore et naribus quadrupedes animosos illis ig
nibus, quos habent in pectore,
efflant, [acres quos efflant ore et naribus.
In promptu regere est. Vix me patiuntur, ut Vix patiuntur meut(simul ac
Incaluêre animi cervixque repugnat habenis. acres animi incaluêre, cervix
At tu, funesti ne; sim tibi muneris auctor, que repugnat habenis. At tu
nate, cave, ne sim tibi auctor
Nate, cave : dum resque sinit, tua corrige vota. funesti muneris, que corrige
Scilicet, ut nostro genitum te sanguine credas, 90 tua vota, dum res sinit. Seili
Pignora certa petis : do pignora certa timendo ; cet petis certa pignora, ut cre
das te genitum de nostro san
Et patrio pater essemetu probor. Aspice vultus guine : do certapignora timen
Ecce meos: utinamque oculos in pectora posses do, et probor esse pater metu
Inserere ; et patrias intùs deprendere curas ! patrio. Ecce aspice meos vul
Denique quidquid habet dives , circumspice, tus : utinamque posses inserere
oculos in pectora, et depren
mundus : 95 dere curas patrias intus.
Eque tot ac tantis cæli, terræque, marisque, Denique, circumspice quid
Posce bonis aliquid : nullam patiêre repulsam. posce quid dives mundus
aliquid è tothabet, que
ac tantis
Deprecor hoc unum ; quod vero nomine pœna, bonis, cæli, terræque, maris
Non honor est : poenam, Phaeton, pro munere que : patièrenullam repulsam.
poscis . 99 Deprecor hoc unum : quod
Quid mea colla tenes blandis, ignare, lacertis ? vero honornomine est pœna
: Phaeton, poscis non
pœ
Ne dubita ; dabitur ( Stygias juravimus undas ) nampro munere. Quid, ig
Quodcunque optâris : sed tu sapientiùs opta. nare, tenes mea colla blandis
Finierat monitus : dictis tamen ille repugnat ; lacertis ? Ne dubita : quod
Propositumque tenet; flagratque cupidine currus . juravimus cunque optaris dabitur, (nam
per Stygias undas)
Ergo, quà licuit genitor cunctatus, ad altos105 sed opta tu sapientiùs. Pho
Deducit juvenem, Vulcania munera, currus. bus finierat monitus ; tamen
Aureus axis erat, temo aureus, aurea summæ ille repugnat dictis : que tenet
propositum flagratque cu
pidine currûs. Ergo genitor cunctatus quà licuit, deducit juvenem ad altos currus, munera
Vulcania. Axis erat aureus, temo aureus,

NOTES.

Aliter.] For the claws of Scorpio having
a continued inclination, enclose a greater
compass than those of Cancer, whose claws
bend near the end.
84. Nec tibi.] The horses are too furious
for him to drive.
86. In promptu.] Nor is it easy.
Me.] Who am a God, and skilful, and
one whom the horses know.
88. At tu.] Having laid before him the
great danger of such an undertaking, he
now requests him to ask any other favour,
promising to grant it.
Funesti ] Of pernicious, deadly.
89. Sinit.] Permits, i. e. while you may.
Vota .] Your rash desires.
90. Genitum.] Begotten of me. ---
91. Pignora.] Infallible tokens.
94. Inserere ] To implant.
Deprendere ] To comprehend.]
97. Repulsam.] Denial. For repulsais a
denial of honour, magistracy, or any thing
sought or hoped for.
98. Deprecor.] To pray against, to beg a
thing may not be done.
101. Stygias, &c.] This is the cause why
he would give it.
103. Finierat.] Phoebus.
Dictis.] Of Phoebus.
Ille.] Phaeton.- Repugnat.] Resists.
104. Propositumque tenet.] Keeps his re
solution.
Flagratque.] And burns with a desire of
driving his father's chariot.
105. Quà licuit.] As long as he could, as
the chariot was to set out at an appointeď
time.
106. Deducit .] He leads him for honour's
sake. Liv. Frequentesque eum domum de.
duxere. Deducere properly signifies to lead
down from a higher place to a lower. It
also signifies to subtract, as deduccre cibum,
i. e. to lessen the supply of food.
107. Aureus, &c.] The poet elegantly de
scribes the chariot of the sun,
60 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. 11.

curvatura summæ rotæ aurea; Curvatura rota ; radiorum argenteus ordo.

ordo radiorum erat argenteus. Per juga chrysolithi, positaque ex ordine gemmæ.
Chrysolithi,
sitæ que
ex ordine pergemmæ po Clara repercusso reddebant lumina Phobo.110
juga, red-
debant lumina clara repercus- Dumque ea magnanimus Phaeton miratur, o
so Phœbo. Dumque magnani pusque
mus Phaeton miratur ea, que Perspicit ; ecce vigil rutilo patefecit ab ortu
perspicit opus : ecce vigil
Aurora patefecit purpureas Purpureas Aurora fores, et plena rosarum
fores, et atria plena rosarum, Atria. Diffugiunt stellæ ; quarum agmina cogit
ab rutilo ortu. Stellæ diffu- Lucifer, et cœli statione novissimus exit. 115
giant quarum Lucifer cogit
agmina, et exit novissimus At pater, ut terras, mundumque rubescere vidit,
statione cœli. At pater Titan Cornuaque extremæ velut evanescere Lunæ ;
ut vidit terras mundumque Jungere equos Titan velocibus imperat Horis.
rubescere, cornuaque extre- Jussa Deæ celeres peragunt : ignemquevomentes
mæ Lunæ velut evanescere,
imperat velocibus Horis jun- Ambrosiæ succo saturos præsepibus altis 120
gere equos. Deæ celeres pera- Quadrupedes ducunt ; adduntque sonantia fræna.
:
guntjussa ejus ducunt que Tum pater ora sui sacro medicamine nati
quadrupe des vomentes ignem,
saturos succo Ambrosia altis Contigit, et rapidæ fecit patientia flammæ:
præsepibus, adduntque fræna Imposuitque comæ radios ; præsagaque luctus
sonantia. Tum pater conti- Pectore sollicito repetens suspiria, dixit : 125
git ora sui nati sacro medica- Si potes hic saltem monitis parere paternis :
mine et fecit patientiaque
rapi
dæ flammæ : imposuit ra- Parce, puer, stimulis, et fortiùs utere loris.
dios comæ repetensque suspiria præsaga luctus sollicito pectore, dixit : Si hic saltem potes
parere monitis paternis : puer, parce stimulis, et utere loris fortiùs.

NOTES.

Temo.] A pole in the chariot, between
the horses, to which the harness is fastened.
109. Chrysolithi.] Precious stones of a
golden colour : from whence they take their
name : for xpuròs signifies gold, and 2005
a stone.
110. Repercusso. ] Reflected.
112. Patefecit.] Opens : for Aurora seems
to enlighten the air before the rising of the
sun, and to open the doors of its house.
115. Aurora.] The goddess of the morn
ing is said to open her gates before the cha
riot sets off, from the rosy light that is seen
before the sun appears.
Rosarum.] Antiquity has dedicated roses
to the morning.
114. Cogit.] Drives before him : for Luci
fer (the planet Venus) which the Greeks call
wooogos, is the last of the heavenly bo
dies that appears when the sun rises, and is
the first that appears when he sets, and then
is called Hesperus. Cogo (as tho' coago) is
properly to collect, to gather together. Ter.
Quasi talenta ad quindecim coëgi : and
sometime to urge.
115. Statione. ] Signifies the post, where
a soldier stands upon duty.
Novissimus.] The last of all.
116. Rubescere.] For the Heaven seems to
grow red at the approach of the morning.
117. Cornua extrema Lunæ. ] Poetically
put for extrema cornua Lunæ : the tips of
the horns, reflecting the light more weakly,
are supposed to disappear first.
Evanescere.] To be dissolved and perish :
for the moon disappears at the approach of
the sun.
118. Velocibus.] Swift, and passing away
quickly the hours are said to have the care
of harnessing the horses of the sun, for by
his course they are measured and distin
guished.
120. Ambrosiæ.] Ambrosia, the food of
the gods, by which they preserve their im
mortality.
122. Tum pater.] As Phaëton has under
taken the care of giving light to the world,
his father, on putting on the crown of rays,
prepares his face with the ( Sacro medica
mine) the sacred ointment, lest they should
burn him.
Nati.] Of his son Phaeton.
123. Contigit.] He anointed all over, that
it (his face, ) might resist the heat ofthe sun.
Patientia ] The Acc. of Patiens.
124 Radios ] A crown casting forth rays,
which Apollo is always represented to wear.
Præsagaque.] The fore-bodings, presages.
127. Parce.] Do not use whip and spurto
the horses, but endeavour to hold them in
with a tight rein , and to keep them back;
for they fly rather than run.

1
 FAB. I. METAMORPHOSEON. 61

Sponte suâ properant : labor est inhibere a volentes. Properant sua sponte, labor
Nec tibi directos placeat via quinque per arcus. est inhibere eos volentes. Nec
via per quinque arcus direc
Sectus in obliquum est lato curvamine limes; 130 tos placeat tibi . Est limes
Zonarumque trium contentus fine ; polumque sectus in obliquum lato cur
Effugito Australem, junctamque Aquilonibus vamine ; que contentus fine
Arcton. trium zonarum : que effugit
polum Australem, que Arc
Hâc sit iter : manifesta rotæ vestigia cernes . ton junctam
Aquilonibus.
Utque ferant æquos et cœlum et terra calores ; Sit iter tibi hâc via : cernes
Ut
Nec preme, nec summum molire per æthera manifesta vestigia rota.
135 que et cœlum et terra ferant
currum .
æquos calores, nec preme,
Altiùs egressus coelestia tecta cremabis ; nec moliere currum per sum
Inferiùs, terras : Medio tutissimus ibis. mum æthera. Egressus al
A Neu te dexterior tortum declinet in Anguem ; tiùs, cremabis tecta cœlestia,
egressus inferiùs, cremabis ter
Neve sinisterior pressam rota ducat ad Aram ; ras ; Ibis tutissimus medio.
Inter utrumque tene. Fortunæ cætera mando, Neu dexterior rota declinet
Quæ juvet, et meliùs, quàm tu tibi, consulat te in tortum Anguem
sinisteri or ducat te ad: pres
neve
opto. 1 141 sam Aram ; tene inter utrum
que. Mando cætera fortu
næ, quæ opto ut juvet, et meliùs consulat, quàm tu consuluisti tibi.
a volantes. b sit.

NOTES.
129. Nec tibi, & c. ] Phoebus directs 134. Equos calores. ] Proportions of heat,
Phaeton in the course he was to take ; for suitable to each.
says he, you must not go straight on through 135. Nec preme. ] Neither depress : i. e.
the five circles, but through the zodiac, keep not the chariot too near the earth.
which is oblique, and does not exceed the Molire.] Drive. The Imper. of molior.
limits of the three zones. This course may 136. Coelestia.] Thou wilt burn the heaven.
T
be more readily explaine d by the sphere. 138. Neu.] And suffer not
Directos arcus.] The parallel circles. Dexterior sc. the right wheel.
A Quinque .] Through the five circles, Declinet.] Bear you off. Agrees with
= which are called Zones. For the heaven is Rota.
divided into five circles equally distant from In Anguem.] To the serpent : a constella
T each other sc. the Arctic (north: Antarc tion, which lies near the north pole.
1 tic, (south, ) the tropic of Cancer, the tro 139. Aram .] To the Antarctic Pole : for
pic of Capricorn and the Equinoctial, which the altar on which the gods are first suppo→
這 is between them. The zodiac cuts the equi sed to have entered into a confederacy a
noctial obliquely, and reaches to the tro gainst the Titans, is said to have been trans
2 pics of Cancer and Capricorn, but does not lated to heaven, and placed at the Antarc
a extend to the Arctic or Antarctic, the polar tic l'ole : q. d. take care you be not carried
circles. away too much toward the north, where
150. Sextus, &c .] This is the periphrasis the snake is, or to the south, where is the
T of the zodiac, which we have described. altar of the gods, a southern constellation.
132. Australem.] Which is also called 140. Inter utrumque tene.] Keep in the
A
Antarcticus, from the opposition it has to middle space between both. So Book VIII,
the Arctic. of Icarus.
Arcton ] The Arctic Pole, so called dro " Inter utrumque vola.
Tis apurou , from the bear, a neighbouring 141. Quàm tu tibi.] Scil. consulis. Than
star, whence the north winds blow. Arctos you for yourself : for your rashness and am
3 is also called, Ursa (the she-bear) which is bition will certainly be your ruin.
1 situated in that part of the heaven, and Consulat.] Take care of you, have regard
gives name to the pole. For Jupiter placed to you ; for consulere sometimes signifies to
Calisto, the daughter of Lycaon, who provide for, to look out, to have regard to :
{ was changed by Juno into a bear, among as "consule "3 honori tuo, rebus Consulo
tuis, consule
the stars, together with her son Areas, and saluti tuæ, i. e. provide for. pro
placed them at the Pole, which was called perly signifies, I ask counsel ; and then it
Arcticus, from Arctus. governs an accusative case : as, " consulere
155. Manifesta, &c.] Apollo said, that by amicum. " i. e. to ask counsel of a friend ; so
his frequent passing, he had made a very consului doctos, i. e. I have asked counsel of
plain path . the learned. But when consulere signifies
62 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. II.

Dum loquor, nox humida te- Dum loquor, Hesperio positas in littore metas
tigit metas
littore. positas
Mora Hesperio
in est
non libera Humida nox tetigit. Non est mora libera nobis.
nobis . Poscimur ; Aurera, te- Poscimur ; effalget tenebris Aurora fugatis.
nebris fugatis, effulget . Cor- Corripe lora manu : vel, si mutabile pectus 145
ripe lora manu : vel, si est Est tibi, consiliis, non curribus, utere nostris :
tibi mutabile pectus, utere
nostris consiliis non curribus ; Dum potes, et solidis etiamnum sedibus adstas ;
dum potes, et etiamnum ad- Dumque malè optatos nondum premis inscius
stas solidis sedibus ; dumque axes.
nondum inscius premis axes Quæ tutus spectes, sine me dare lumina terris.
male optatós. Sine me dare
lumina terris, quæ lumina tu Occupat ille levem juvenili corpore currum ; 150
tutus spectes. Ille occupat Statque super ; manibusque datas contingere
levem currum juvenili corpo habenas
re, statque super, que gau- Gaudet ; et invito grates agit indè parenti.
det contingere datas habenas
manibus ; et agit indè grates Intereà volucres Pyroeis, et Eöus, et Æthon,
invito parenti . Interea vo- Solis equi, quartusque Phlegon, hinnitibus auras
lucres equi Solis, Pyroeis, Flammiferis implent, pedibusque repagulapul
et Eöus, et Ethon, quartus
que Phlegon, implent auras sant. 155
hinnitibus flammiferis, que Quæ postquam Tethys, fatorum ignara nepotis,
pulsant repagula pedibus. Reppulit ; et facta est immensi copia mundi ;
Quæ
ra postquam
fatorum Tethys,
nepotis, igna: Corripuêre viam : pedibusque per aëra motis
reppulit
et copia immensi mundi est facta ; corripuêre viam, pedibusque motis per aëra

NOTES.

to give counsel, then it governs a Dative
Case. Whence comes the verse :
"Consulo te posco : tibi consulo : consili
um do."
142. Hesperio. ] The Atlantic ; whither
when night comes, I must of necessity rise.
Metas. ] Meta signifies the goal or winning
post in a course let it be observed, that the
poets always represent the heavenly bodies,
the sun, moon, &c. moving in the heavens,
as chariots or horses running a race.
143. Humida nox, &c.] When Nox had
reached the west, the sun, which is always
opposite to her, must be in the cast, that is,
is obliged immediately to set out, to rise.
Non est mora. ] I must not, (it is not meet
for me to) stay any longer.
144. Poscimur. I am called for to enligh
ten the world.
147. Dum potes. ] While yet you have it
in your power.
148. Dumque. &c.] And before you have
ascended the chariot, which ignorantly you
have wished to guide, to your certain de
struction Axes.] The chariot. A Synec
doche.
149. Sine me.] Permit me to illuminate
the earth.
150. Occupat.] He gets up hastily, and
with alacrity springs into .
Ille.] Phaeton .
153. Pyroeis, &c.] The chariot of the
sun is drawn by four winged horses, who
had names given them according to their
effects. For Pyrocis is so called, as though
fiery, for is fire. Pyroeis, in Gen.
Pyroentis, as Simoeis, Simoentis. Eöus is so
called from the morning ; for " Ews is .
Aurora (the morning, ) Æthon and Phlegon
signify to burn ; because they are said to
blow fire from their mouths and nostrils.
55. Flammiferis.) For they are said to
breathe out fire.
Repagula.] Barriers, which in horse-rac
ings are placed before the horses to pre
vent their starting before the time, alluding
to the goal from which horses start in a race.
Repagulum is properly a bolt or bar, which
is used to fasten a door.
156. Tethys.] The wife of Oceanus, and
mother of Clymene, with whom Sol is be
lieved to lodge at nights.
157. Immensi. ] Great, vast.
Copia ] A full scope. Copia is sometimes
the faculty or power of doing any thing;
and for the most part is joined with the
verbs " facio, or do ; as, faciam tibi copiam
spectandi ludos,' ie. I will give you the
privilege or opportunity of seeing plays.
In another sense copia is taken for abun
dance ; whence we say, " Copiam orationis,
Copiam frumenti .”
158. Corripuêre.] Began to run swiftly :
so Virg. Æneid. IV.
66 Corripuêre viam intereà, quà semita mon
strat."
Corripio sometimes signifies, to catch hastily.
 FAB. I. METAMORPHOSEON, 63

Obstantes findunt nebulas, pennisque levati findunt nebulas obstantes , que,

Prætereunt ortos îsdem de partibus Euros. 160 levati pennis, prætereunt Eu
ros ortos de isdem partibus.
Sed leve pondus erat ; nec quod cognoscere pos Sed pondus erat leve ; nec quod
Solis equi ; solitâque jugum gravitate carebat. [ sent equi Solis possent cognoscere ;
Utque labant curva justo sinè pondere naves, que jugum carebat solitâ gra
vitate. Utque naves curvæ
Perque mare instabiles nimiâ levitate feruntur; sinè justo pondere labant, fe
Sic onere assueto vacuos dat in aëra saltus, 165 runtur que instabiles per mare
Succutiturque altè, similisque est currus inani. nimia levitate ; sic currus dat
Quod simul ac sensêre ; ruunt, tritumque re- saltus in aëra, vacuos assueto
onere, succutiturque altè, que
linquunt [runt. est similis inani. Quod simul
Quadrijugi spatium: nec, quo priûs, ordine cur- ac quadrijugi sensêre ; ruunt,
Ipse pavet; nec quà commissas flectat habenas, que relinquunt tritum spati
Nec scit, quà sit iter ; nec, si sciat, imperet illis . um, nec currunt ordine quo
priùs. Ipse pavet, nec scit
Tum primùm radiis gelidi caluêre Triones, 171 quà flectat commissas habenas,
Et vetito frustra tentârunt æquore tingi. nec quà iter sit ; nec imperet
si sciat. Tum primùm
Quæque polo posita est glaciali proxima Serpens, gelidi Triones caluére radiis,
Frigore pigra priùs, nec formidabilis ulli : et tentârunt frustra tingi veti
Incaluit, sumpsitque novas fervoribus iras. 175 to æquore. Que Serpens qua
Te quoque turbatum memorant fugisse, Boote; est posita proxima glaciali
Quamvis tardus eras, et tetua plaustra tenebant . polo, priùs pigra frigore, nec
formidabilis ulli ; incaluit,
Ut verò summo despexit ab æthere terras sumpsitque novas iras fervo
Infelix Phaeton, penitùs penitusque a jacentes; ribus. Quamvis, Bocte, me
Palluit, et subito genua intremuêre timore : 180 morant te fugisse turbatum,
quamvis eras tardus ; et tua
plaustra tenebant te. Verò ut infelix Phaeton despexit terras penitùs penitusque jacentes
ab summo æthere ; palluit, et genua intremuêre subito timore :
a patentes.

NOTES.
ㄖ Ovid, et corripit ensem.
Sometimes to abbreviate : whence we say,
Correptas syllabas ; whence comes correptio,
C i. e. a shortening.
159. Pennisque levati.] Mounted upon
their wings.
160. Isdem de partibus.] From the east.
166. Succutiturque altè. ] Is jolted, tossed
a-loft.
Inani.] To an empty chariot.
167. Simul ac.] After that, as soon as.
Ruunt.] They rush with violence.
168. Quadrijugi.] Four horses yoked a
breast.
Spatium tritum.] The way often trod ; the
5 beaten path.
Quo priùs.] se. Currebant.
169. Ipse.] Phaeton.-Pavet.] Is afraid.
Quà.] Which way.
Commissas habenas.] The reins which
Apollo had entrusted him with. Commit
tere is to entrust to any one's fidelity. Ter.
Ovem lupo commisisti. Sometimes to offend :
Virgil :
64 Quid meus Æneas in te committere tan
tum ?
66 Quid Troës potuere?"
171. Triones. ] The sun never came nigh
them till this time. Triones are the seven
stars placed near the north pole ; so thatthey
seem to make the figure of a waggon, and
are called Charles' Wain.
172. Vetito.] The Septentriones never set :
so they cannot immerge in the ocean : for
Juno got the grant of Thetis, that the two
bears, near the north pole should not de
scend to dip into the sea.
Tingi. ] To set, to immerge. So Book I.
of Trist. 7
Tingitur oceano custos Erymanthidos
ursæ.
And Virg. Georg. I.
" Arctos oceani metuentes æquore tingi."
173. Serpens.] Near the north pole is a
constellation called the serpent, which
comprehends the two Bears.
176. Boote. ] The vocative of Bootes
who seems to drive a cart. Bootes in Latin
is called Bubulcus, and is the same which
is called Arctophylax by the Greeks : it
seems to be set as a keeper of the bear.
177. Plaustra.] The two northern con
stellations which we call the Bears. Plaus
trum otherwise signifies a waggon.
Tenebant. ] Did retard, did hinder.
178. Despexit.] He looked downward.
179. Penitus, &c.] The earth below re
moved far from him.
180. Palluit.] He became pale with fear.
 62 P. OVIDIT NASONIS LIB. II.

Dum loquor, nox humida te- Dum loquor, Hesperio positas in littore metas
positas
tigit metasMora Hesperio Humida nox tetigit. Non est moralibera nobis.
in est
littore. non libera
nobis . Poscimur ; Aurora, te- Poscimur ; effulget tenebris Aurora fugatis.
nebris fugatis, effulget. Cor- Corripe lora manu : vel, si mutabile pectus 145
ripe lora manu : vel, si est Est tibi , consiliis, non curribus, utere nostris :
tibi mutabile pectus, utere
nostris consiliis non curribus; Dum potes, et solidis etiamnum sedibus adstas ;
dum potes, et etiamnum ad- Dumque malè optatos nondum premis inscius
stas solidis sedibus ; dumque axes.
nondum inscius premis axes Quæ tutus spectes, sine me dare lumina terris.
male optatós. Sine me dare
lumina terris, quæ lumina tu Occupat ille levem juvenili corpore currum ; 150
tutus spectes. Ille occupat Statque super ; manibusque datas contingere
levem currum juvenili corpo habenas
det contingere datas habenas Gaudet ; et invito grates agit indè parenti.
manibus ; et agit indè grates Intereà volucres Pyroeis, et Eöus, et Æthon,
invito parenti . Intereà vo- Solis equi, quartusque Phlegon, hinnitibus auras
lucres equi Solis, Pyroeis, Flammiferis implent, pedibusque repag ulapul
et Eous, et Æthon, quartus
que Phlegon, implent auras sant. 155
hinnitibus flammiferis, que Quæ postquam Tethys, fatorum ignara nepotis,
pulsant repagula pedibus. Reppulit ; et facta est immensi copia mundi ;
Quæ postquam Tethys, igna
ra fatorum nepotis, reppulit : Corripuêre viam : pedibusque per aëra motis
et copia immensi mundi est facta ; corripuêre viam, pedibusque motis per aëra

NOTES.
to give counsel, then it governs a Dative
Case. Whence comes the verse :
"Consulo te posco : tibi consulo : consili
um do."
142. Hesperio.] The Atlantic ; whither
when night comes, I must of necessity rise.
Metas. ] Meta signifies the goal or winning
post in a course : let it be observed, that the
poets always represent the heavenly bodies,
the sun, moon, &c. moving in the heavens,
as chariots or horses running a race.
143. Humida nox, &c.] When Nox had
reached the west, the sun, which is always
opposite to her, must be in the east, that is,
is obliged immediately to set out, to rise.
Non est mora.] I must not, (it is not meet
for me to) stay any longer.
144. Poscimur. I am called for to enligh
ten the world.
147. Dum potes. ] While yet you have it
in your power.
148. Dumque. &c.] And before you have
ascended the chariot, which ignorantly you
have wished to guide, to your certain de
struction- Axes.] The chariot. A Synec
doche.
149. Sine me.] Permit me to illuminate
the earth.
150. Occupat.] He gets up hastily, and
with alacrity springs into.
Ille.] Phaeton .
153. Pyroeis, &c.] The chariot of the
sun is drawn by four winged horses, who
had names given them according to their
effects. For Pyrocis is so called, as though
fiery, for is fire. Pyroeis, in Gen.
Pyroentis, as Simoeis, Simoentis. Eöus is so
called from the morning ; for " Ews is
Aurora (the morning, ) Ethon and Phlegon
signify to burn ; because they are said to
blow fire from their mouths and nostrils.
55. Flammiferis.) For they are said to
breathe out fire.
Repagula.] Barriers, which in horse-rac
ings are placed before the horses to pre
vent their starting before the time, alluding
to the goal from which horses start in a race .
Repagulum is properly a bolt or bar, which
is used to fasten a door.
156. Tethys.] The wife of Oceanus, and
mother of Clymene, with whom Sol is be
lieved to lodge at nights.
157. Immensi .] Great, vast.
Copia ] A full scope. Copia is sometimes
the faculty or power of doing any thing;
and for the most part is joined with the
verbs " facio, or do ; as, faciam tibi copiam
spectandi ludos, ' i. e. I will give you the
privilege or opportunity of seeing plays.
In another sense copia is taken for abun
dance ; whence we say, " Copiam orationis ,
Copiam frumenti .”
158. Corripuêre.] Began to run swiftly :
so Virg. Æneid. IV.
66 Corripuêre viam intereà, quà semita mon
strat."
Corripio sometimes signifies, to catch hastily.
 FAB. I. METAMORPHOSENN, 63

Obstantes findunt nebulas, pennisque levati findunt nebulas obstantes, que,

Prætereunt ortos îsdem de partibus Euros. 160 levati pennis, prætereunt Eu
ros ortos de isdem partibus.
Sed leve pondus erat ; nec quod cognoscere pos- Sed pondus erat leve ; nec quod
Solis equi; solitâque jugum gravitate carebat. [sent equi Solis possent cognoscere ;
Utque labant curva justo sinè pondere naves, que jugum carebat solitâ gra
vitate. naves curvæ
Perque mare instabiles nimiâ levitate feruntur ; sinè justo pondere labant, fe
Sic onere assueto vacuos dat in aëra saltus, 165 runtur que instabiles per mare
Succutiturque altè, similisque est currus inani. nimia levitate ; sic currus dat
Quod simul ac sensêre ; ruunt, tritumque re saltus in aëra, vacuos assueto
onere, succutiturque altè, que
linquunt [runt. est similis inani. Quod simul
Quadrijugi spatium : nec, quo priûs, ordine cur- ac quadrijugi sensêre ; ruunt,
Ipse pavet ; nec quà commissas flectat habenas, que relinquunt tritum spati
Nec scit, quà sit iter ; nec, si sciat, imperet illis. um, nec currunt ordine quo
priùs. Ipse pavet, nec scit
Tum primùm radiis gelidi caluêre Triones, 171 quà flectat commissas habenas,
Et vetito frustra tentârunt æquore tingi. nec quà iter sit ; nec imperet
Quæque polo posita est glaciali proxima Serpens, illis, si sciat . Tum primùm
gelidi Triones caluére radiis,
Frigore pigra priùs, nec formidabilis ulli : et tentârunt frustra tingi veti
Incaluit, sumpsitque novas fervoribus iras. 175 to æquore. Que Serpens qua
Te quoque turbatum memorant fugisse, Boote; est posita proxima glaciali
Quamvis tardus eras, et tetua plaustra tenebant. polo, priùs pigra frigore, nea
formidabilis ulli ; incaluit,
Ut verò summo despexit ab æthere terras sumpsitque novas iras fervo
Infelix Phaeton, penitùs penitusque a jacentes; ribus. Quamvis, Bocte, me
Palluit, et subito genua intremuêre timore: 180 morant te fugisse turbatum,
quamvis eras tardus ; et tua
plaustra tenebant te. Verò ut infelix Phaeton despexit terras penitùs penitusque jacentes
ab summo æthere : palluit, et genua intremuêre subito timore :
a patentes.
NOTES.
Ovid, et corripit ensem. seem to make the figure of a waggon, and
Sometimes to abbreviate : whence we say, are called Charles' Wain.
Correptas syllabas ; whence comes correptio, 172. Vetito.] The Septentriones never set :
. e. a shortening.
i so they cannot immerge in the ocean : for
" their159. Pennisque levati.] Mounted upon Juno got the grant of Thetis, that the two
wings. bears, near the north pole should not de
160. Isdem de partibus.] From the east. scend to dip into the sea.
166. Succutiturque altè. ] Is jolted, tossed Tingi. ] To set, to immerge. So Book I.
a-loft. of Trist.
Inani.] To an empty chariot. Tingitur oceano custos Erymanthidos
167. Simul ac.] After that, as soon as. ursæ.
Ruunt.] They rush with violence. And Virg. Georg. I.
168. Quadrijugi.] Four horses yoked a "Arctos oceani metuentes æquore tingi."
breast. 173. Serpens.] Near the north pole is a
Spatium tritum.] The way often trod; the constellation called the serpent, which
beaten path. comprehends the two Bears.
Quo priùs.] se. Currebant. 176. Boote.] The vocative of Bootes
169. Ipse.] Phaëton.- Pavet. ] Is afraid. who seems to drive a cart. Bootes in Latin
Qua. Which way. is called Bubulcus, and is the same which
Commissas habenas.] The reins which is called Arctophylax by the Greeks : it
Apollo had entrusted him with. Commit seems to be set as a keeper of the bear.
tere is to entrust to any one's fidelity. Ter. 177. Plaustra.] The two northern con
Ovem lupo commisisti. Sometines to offend : stellations which we call the Bears. Plaus
Virgil: trum otherwise signifies a waggon.
66 Quid meus Æneas in te committere tan Tenebant.] Did retard, did hinder.
= tum ? 178. Despexit.] He looked downward.
" Quid Troës potuere ?" 179. Penitus, &c.] The earth below re
171. Triones.] The sun never came nigh moved far from him.
them till this time. Triones are the seven 180. Palluit.] He became pale with fear.
stars placed near the north pole ; so that they
64 F. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. II.

que tenebræ sunt obortæ ocu- Suntque oculis tenebræ per tantum lumen obortæ.
lis per tantum lumen. Et jam Et jam mallet equos nunquam tetigisse paternos :
mallet nunquam tetigisse pa Jamque agnôsse genus piget, et valuisse rogando :
ternos equos : que jam piget
agnossê genus, et valuisse ro- Jam Meropis dici cupiens ; ita fertur, ut acta
gando : jam cupiens dici filius Præcipiti pinus Boreâ, cui victa remisit 185 Bit
Meropis : ita fertur, ut pinus Fræna suus rector, quam Dîs votisque reliquit.
acta præcipiti Boreâ, cui suus
rector remisit victa fræna, Quid faciat? Multum cœli post terga relictum :
quam reliquit Dîs votisque. Ante oculos plus est. Animo metitu r utrumque.
Quid faciat? Multum cœli Et modò , quos illi a fato contingere non est,
relictum post terga : plus est Prospicit Occasus ; interdum respicit Ortus. 190
ante oculos. Metitur utrum
que animo. Et modò pro Quidque agat ignarus, stupet : et nec fræna
spicit Occasus , quos non est remittit,
fato illi contingere : interdum Nec retinere valet : nec nomina novit equorum.
respicit Ortus. Que ignarus
quid agat, stupet : et nec re Sparsa quoque in vario passim miracula cœlo,
mittit fræna, nee valet reti- Vastarumque videt trepidus simulacra ferarum .
nere : nec novit nomina equo- Estlocus, in geminos ubi brachia concavat arcus
rum. Quoque trepidus videt Scorpios, et caudâ, flexisque utrinque lacer
miracula sparsa passim in va
rio cœlo, que simulacra vasta tis, 196
rum ferarum. Est locus ubi Porrigit in spatium signorum membra duorum .
Scorpios concavat brachia in Hunc puer ut nigri madidum sudore veneni,
geminos arcus, et porrigit
membra in spatium duorum Vulnera curvatâ minitantem cuspide, vidit ;
signorum, caudâ, que lacertis Mentis inops, gelidâ formidine lora remisit. 200
utrinque flexis . Puer ut vidit Quæ postquam summum tetigere jacentia
hunc madidum sudore nigri
veneni, minitantem vulnera tergum,
curvatâ cuspide : inops men- Exspatiantur equi ; nulloque inhibente, per auras
tis, remisit lora gelidâ formidine. Quæ postquam tetigere jacentia summum tergum, equi
exspatiantur, que eunt per auras ignotæ regionis, nullo inhibente :
a fas est. b summo sensere jacentia tergo.

NOTES.
181. Per tantum lumen. ] By so dazzling
a light.
184. Meropis, &c. ] The Genitive of Me
rops depending on Filius, was the husband of
Clymene ; q. d. desiring now rather to be
called the son of man, than of a God.
Fertur.] Phaeton is forced along, or tossed.
Acta. ] Driven.
185. Præcipiti. ] Rapid or impetuous. Præ
ceps is compounded of præ and capio, and
signifies one who acts without consideration
or method. Virgil :
66 -Mox sese ad littora præceps ,
>"
" Cum fletu precibusque tulit
i. e. without any regard of safety. Whence
it is used to be put for nimis festino. Præceps
is also taken for a high place, or precipice.
Pinus.] A ship of pine. A metonymy,
or rather a synecdoche.
189. Illi fato . ] He cannot reach, being
hindered by fate.
190. Prospicit.] He looks forward.
193. Vario.]• Distinguished with various
signs.
Passim. ] Every where.
Miracula. ] Monsters, objects of horror.
194. Vastarumque ferarum. ] Of huge
wild beasts, as of the lion, &c.
195. Est locus, &c.] The sight of the dread
ful Scorpion affrighted the unhappy Phaeton,
the reins fall from his hands, and the horses
(exspatiantur) run out of the course ; for spa
tium signifies a course where the horses run,
as hath been already observed.
Geminos arcus. ] In two wide curves.
Concavat.] Bends.
179 Signorum duorum.] Encompasses
two celestial signs.
198. Hunc. ] Scorpio.- Puer.] Phaeton.
Ut.] When.
199. Curvatâ, &c.] With a tail or sting
turned backward.
Gelidâ.] With cold fear, from the effect,
which makes men cold and pale.
Lora. ] The reins of the bridle. Thence
dare lora, i. e. to loosen the reins, Lorum
properly signifies the thong of a hide.
Remisit.] He let fall dropping.
201. Quæ.] The reins.- Tetigere. ] Touch
ed the horses backs, when slackened by
Phaeton.
202. Exspatiantur.] They run wide, rush
out of the path .- 203. Qua.] Where.
 FAB. I. METAMORFHOSEΩN . 65

Ignotæ regionis eunt ; quaque impetus egit, que ruunt sinè lege hàc qua
Hac sine lege ruunt : altoque sub æthere fixis impetus
stellis fixisegit queæther
sub; alto incursant
e, ra
" Incursant stellis, rapiuntque per aviacurrum.205
piuntque currum per avia .
Et modò summa petunt , modò per decliva, vias- Et modó petunt summa, mo
Præcipites , spatio terræ propiore feruntur. [ que dò feruntur per decliva, que
præcipites vias , spatio pro
Inferiusque suis fraternos, currere Luna piore terræ. Que Luna ad
Admiratur equos : ambustaque nubila fumant. miratur fraternos equos cur
Corripitur flammis, ut quæque altissima, tellus ; rere inferiùs suis : que nubi
la ambusta fumant. Tellus
Fissaque agit rimas, et succis ardet ademptis.211
corripitur flammis, ut quæ
Pabula canescunt : cum frondibus uritur arbos : que altissima ; fissaque agit
Materiamque suo præbet seges arida damno. rimas, et ardet succis ademp
Parva queror. Magnæ pereunt cum moenibus tis. Pabula canescunt : arbos
uritur cum frondibus : que a
urbes :
214 rida seges præbet materiam
Cumque suis totas populis incendia a gentes suo damno. Queror parva .
In cinerem vertunt. Sylvæ cum montibus ardent. Magnæ urbes pereunt cum
Ardet Athos, Taurusque Cilix, et Tmolus et monibus : Athos ardet, Tau
Ete, rusque Cilix, et Tmolus, et
Ete, et Ide nunc sicca, pri
Et nunc sicca, priùs celeberrima fontibus, Ide ; ùs celeberrima fontibus ; vir
Virgineusque Helicon, et nondum Eagrius gineusque Helicon, et Hæmos
nondum dictus Eagrius. Æt
Hæmos. 219
na ardet in immensum igni
Ardet in immensum geminatis ignibus Etna, bus geminatis, que biceps Par
Parnassusque biceps, et Eryx, et Cynthus, et nassus, et Eryx, et Cynthus,
et Othrys; et Rhodope tan
Othrys,
dem caritura nivibus, Mi
> Et tandem Rhodope nivibus caritura, Mimasque, masque, Dindymaque, et
Dindymaque, et Mycale, natusque ad sacra Mycale, que Cytheron natus
Cythæron. ad sacra.
- a terras.
NOTES.
204. Hàc. ] Here.- Lege. ] Order.- As this Mountain always burns, the Poet
there. ] Heaven. intimates that it contracted a double Heat
205. Incursant. ] Rush against. from Phaeton's Conflagration. Justin ex
206. Summa. ] scil . loca. plains the Cause of the burning of this
208. Inferiusque, &c. With good Reason Mount in Book IV. See also Lucretius, Lib.
she admires to see them beneath her's, be VI.
cause the Sun is much higher than the Moon ; Ætna. ] A mountain of Sicily always burn
the Poets attribute four Horses to the Sun, ing.
and two to the Moon, and but one Horse to 221. Parnassus . ] A Mount of Phocis, di
Lucifer and Aurora. vided into two Summits.
Fraternos. ] Her Brother's, for Luna or Eryx. ] A mountain of Sicily, sacred to
Diana was sister to Phoebus. Venus, who is therefore called Erycina.
209. Ambusta. ] Burnt. Cynthus.] A mountain of Delos, famed
21 I. Succis ademptis. The moisture being for the Birth of Apollo and Diana, whence
dried up . he is called Cynthius .
212. Canescunt. ] Become white and dry. Othrys. A Mount of Thessaly.
217. Athos, &c. A high Mountain in 222. Rhodope, A Snowy Mountain of
Macedonia. He enumerates all the High Thrace, so called from Rhodope, a Maid,
Mountains, which first began to be on Fire. who was transformed into it.
218. Celeberrima fontibus. ] Having ma Mimasque. A Mountain of lesser Asia,
ny Fountains, which were then all dry. covered with continual Snows, taking its
Ide. ] A famous mountain of Phrygia. Name from Mimas, a Giant.
219. Eagrius Hæmos. The highest 223. Dindymaque. A mountain of Phry
Mountain of Thrace, where Orpheus was gia, sacred to the Mother of the Gods, from
torn in Pieces by the Mænades, i. e. Women whence she was called Dindymene.
who in a frantic Manner celebrated the Or Mycale, ] A Mountain and City of
gies of Bacchus, which from him was called Caria.
Eagrius. Cytheron. A Mount of Baotia dedicat
220. Geminatis. ] With redoubled Fire. ed to Bacchus.
K
66 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. II.

Nec sua frigora prosunt Sey- Nec prosunt Scythia sua frigora : Caucasus
thiæ Caucasus ardet, Ossa
ardet, [pus :
que cum Pindo, que Olympus
inajor ambobus: aëriæque Al- Ossaque cum Pindo, majorque ambobus Olym
pes, et nubifer Apenninus. Aeriæque Alpes, et nubifer Apenninus. 226
Verò tum Phaeton aspicit or- Tum verò Phaeton cunctis è partibus orbem
bem accensum è cunctis par
tibus ; nec sustinet tantos æs Aspicit accensum : nec tantos sustinet æstus :
tus ; que trahit ferventes au- Ferventesque auras, velut è fornace profundâ,
ras ore velut è profundâ for- Oretrahit, currusque suos candescere sentit. 230
cineres, ejectatamque favillam
nace, Et suos
que sentit
candescere. neque jam Et neque jam
currus
potest ferre cineres, ejecta- Ferre potest; calidoque involviturundique fumo.
tamque favillam, que invol- Quoque eat, aut ubi sit ; picea caligine tectus
vitur undique calido fumo. Nescit ; et arbitrio volucrum raptatur equorum .
Que tectus piceà caligine nes
cit quo eat, aut ubi sit ; et rap- Sanguine tum credunt in corpora summa vocato ,
tatur arbitrio volucrum equo- Ethiopumpopulos nigrum traxisse colorem , 286
rum . Credunt populos - Tum facta est Libye, raptis humoribus æstu,
thiopum tum traxisse nigrum Arida. Tum Nymphæ passis fontesque , la
colorem, sanguine vocato in
summa corpora. Tum Libye cusque,
facta est arida, humoribus Deflevêre comis : queritur Boeotia Dircen ; B
raptis æstu. Tum Nymphæ Argos Amymonen, Ephyre Pirenidas undas. 240
deflevêre fontesque lacusque Nec sortita loco distantes flumina ripas
comis passis. Boeotia queri
tur Dircen, Argos Amymo- Tuta manent : mediis Tanais fumavit in undis,
nen, Ephyre Pirenidas un- Peneosque senex, Teuthranteusque Caïcus,
das. Nec flumina sortita ri- Et celer Ismenos, cum Phocaïco Erymantho ,
pas distantes loco manent tu
ta : Tanais fumavit in mediis undis, que senex Peneos, Teuthranteusque Caïcus, et celer [P
Ismenos, cum Phocaico Erymantho.
NOTES.
224. Scythia. Scythia is a very cold plexion ; for the Ethiopians, who before ピ
Country to the North of Asia, so named were white, then became black.
from Scytha the Son of Hercules. Vocato.] Being summoned.
Caucasus. A mountain of Scythia, fa 237. Libye. ] A very dry and barren re
mous for the story of Prometheus, said by gion of Africa.
the Poets to be bound there. Raptis, &c. ] The water and moisture be
225. Ossaque cum Pindo. ] Two very high ing dried up.
mountains of Thessaly. 238. Nymphæ, &c.] As the mountains
Majorque.] Higher ; for it is thought to were set on fire ; so also the fountains and
reach above the clouds. lakes were dried by the conflagration, and
226. Alpes. ] Very high mountains, divi bewailed by the nymphs.
ding Italy from France and Germany. Passis comis.] A participle from pando.
Apenninus ] A long ridge of mountains With their hair about their shoulders, or
dividing Italy into two parts . dishevelled ; as is usual in sorrow.
228. Nec tantos, &c.] Nor is he able to 239. Dircen.] Dirce is a fountain of Boeotia.
bear so great heat. 240. Amymonen.] Amymone is a fountain
229. Ferventesque. ] Hot, glowing. in Greece, so called of Amymone, a daugh
Auras.] The air, Aura is properly a gen ter of Danaus, king of the Argives, who is
tle gale of wind. It is used metaphorically said to have been changed into a fountain.
for favour ; Aura popularis. Pirenidas.] Pirene is a fountain of Co
230. Suos.] That he had so greatly desired. rinth.
Candescere. ] To be on fire, to be red hot. 241. Nec sortita, &c.] Not only the foun
Iron heated in the fire is properly said can tains but also the broadest rivers were dried
dere. up.
231. Favillam.] Favilla is properly hot 242. Tanais.] A very large river of Scy
ashes, or embers. thia, dividing Europe from Asia.
232. Ferre.] To bear. 243. Peneus.] A river of Thessaly.
Involvitur. Is encompassed, involved. 244. Ismenos.] A river of Boeotia, so call
233. Piceâcaligine. ] With pitchy darkness. ed from Ismenus the son of Pelagus.
234. Volucrum. ] Of the swift winged. Phocaïco Erymantho ] A river of Phocis,
235. Sanguine, &c.] The poet transiently and a mountain of Arcadia.
explains the change of the Ethiopians com
 FAB. I. METAMORPHOSEON. 67

Arsurusque iterum Xanthus, flavusque Lycor- que Xanthus arsurus iterum

mas. 245 flavusque Lycormas, quique
ludit in recurvatis undis Mæ
I Quique recurvatis ludit Meandros in undis,
andros, Mygdoniusque Me
Mygdoniusque Melas, et Tænarius Eurotas. las, et Tænarius Eurotas. Et
Arsit et Euphrates Babylonius, arsit Orontes, Babylonius Euphrates arsit,
Orontes arsit, que citus Ther
1 Thermodon que citus, Gangesque, et Phasis, et modon, Gangesque, et Phasis,
Ister. et Ister. Alpheos æstuat, Sper
Estuat Alpheos, ripa Spercheïdes ardent : 250 cheïdes ripe ardent : que au
rum, quod Tagus vehit suo
Quodque suo Tagus amne vehit, fluit ignibus. amne, fluit ignibus . Et flu
aurum . mine volucres quæ celebrant
Et quæ Mæonias celebrârant carmine ripas, Mæonias ripas carmine, ca
Flumineæ volucres medio caluêre Caystro. luêre medio Caystro. Nilus
perterritus fugit in extremum
Nilus in extremum fugit perterritus orbem, orbem, occuluitque caput,
Occuluitque caput, quod adhuc latet. Ostia quod adhuc latet. Septem
255 pulverulenta ostia vacant,
septem
Pulver ulenta vacant, septem sinè flumin e valles. septem valles sinè flumine.
Eadem fors siccat Ismariosam
Fors cadem Ismarios Hebrum cum Strymone nes, Hebrum cum Strymone,
siccat, [ Padumque Hesperiosque amnes, Rhe
Hesperiosque amnes, Rhenum Rhodanumque, num, Rhodanumque, Padum
que, que Tibrin, cui potentia
Cuique fuit rerum promissa potentia Tibrin. rerum fuit promissa.

NOTES.
245. Iterum. ] Burnt again ; first, by Vul
can, at the entreaty of Venus, in the time
of the Trojan war ; and again, in Phaeton's
conflagration.
Xanthus.] A river of Troy.
247. Melas ] Melas is a city of Mygdonia,
which is said to make sheep black : From
τέλας.
Eurotas.] A river of Laconia near Tæna
rus, a promontory running out into the
sea. For Tænarus is both a promontory,
a city, and port of Laconia.
248. Orontes.] A river of Scythia.
249. Thermodon.] A river of Scythia,
near which the Amazons dwelt.
Ganges. ] A river of India.
Phasis.] A river of the Colchians, whence
they are called Phasiani.
Isther.] A river of Pannonia, which is
now called the Danube.
250. Estuat.] Boils.
Alpheos.] A river of Elis, running near
the city Pisa, which, being swallowed up
by the earth, flows under the sea to the
fountain Arethusa, in Syracuse.
Spercheïdes.] Of Spercheus, a very swift
river of Thessaly.
251. Tagus.] A river of Spain, which
brings down from the mountains golden
sands. These were now melted with the
heat. There are three rivers famous for
golden sands, Pactolus, Hermus, and Tagus.
252. Mæonias.] Of the rivers of Lydia,
for Lydia was so called of Mæon.
Carmine. ] By their song.
253. Flumineæ volucres. ] The swans in
habiting the rivers.
Caystro.] A river of ' sia.
254. Nilus.] A river of Egypt, whose
source was unknown to the ancients, and
therefore said, " caput occuluisse et adhuc
latere," i, e. that it then hid its head, and
that it still lies hid : so Tibullus
" Nile pater, quanam possum te dicere causâ,
" Aut quibus in terris occuluisse caput."
255. Ostia septem.] The mouths or heads,
by which it empties itself into the sea. So
Virg :
" Aut portum tenet, aut pleno subit Ostia
velo."
256. Pulverulenta . ] Full of dust.
Vacant. ] Are empty of water.
Septem valles.] The seven mouths of Nile
become vallies without water. Valles the
Nomi. in apposition with Ostia.
257. Fors eadem.] By the same fate IIe
brus and Strymon, rivers of Thrace, were
dried up. He calls them Ismarios, by a
Synecdoche, from Ismarus, a mountain of
Thrace.
258. Hesperiosque. ] Western.
Rhenum.] A river dividing France from
Germany, the Rhine.
Rhodanumque.] A river of France, the
Rhone.
Padumque.] A river of Italy, the Po.
259. Cuique, &c. ] He alludes here to the
universal sway which the Romans were to
have.
Tibrin ] A river of Tuscany, running
through the middle of Rome.
 68 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. II.

Omne solum dissilit : quelu- Dissilit omne solum : penetratque in Tartara

men penetrat in Tartara ri rimis 260
mis, et terret infernum re
gem cum conjuge. Et mare Lumen, et infernum terret cum conjuge regem .
contrahitur : que est campus Etmare contrahitur : siccæque est campus arenæ,
siccæ arenæ quod modò erat Quod modò pontus erat. Quosque altum tex
pontus. Que montes existunt
erat æquor,
quos altum æquor texerat, et
augent sparsas Cycladas. Pis- Existunt montes, et sparsas Cycladas augent.
ces petunt ima nec curvi del- Ima petunt pisces : nec se super æquora curvi 265
phines audent tollere se super Tollere consuetas audent delphines in auras.
æquora in consuetas auras.
Corpora phocarum exanimata Corpora phocarum summo resupina profundo
natant resupina summo pro- Exanimata a natant. Ipsum quoque Nerea fama
fundo. Quoque fama est ip est,
sum Nerea, Doridaque, et Doridaque, et natas, tepidis latuisse sub antris .
natas, latuisse sub tepidis an
tris. Neptunus ausus erat Ter Neptunus aquis cum torvo brachia vultu 270
ter exserere brachia aquis cum Exserere ausus erat ; ter non tulit aëris æstus .
torvo vultu ; ter non tulit æs- Alma tamen Tellus, ut erat circumdata ponto
tus aëris. Tamen alma Tel
lus, ut erat circumdata ponto Inter aquas pelagi, contractosque undique fontes,
inter aquas pelagi, que fontes Qui se condiderant in opacæ viscera matris,
undique contractos, qui con- Sustulit omniferos collo tenus arida vultus : 275
diderant se in viscera opaca Opposuitque manum fronti ; magnoque tremore
matris, arida sustulit omnife
ros vultus tenus collo : oppo- Omnia concutiens, paulùm subsedit, et infrâ,
suitque manum fronti ; que Quàm solet esse, fuit ; siccâque ita voce locuta
concutiens omnia magno tre est. (sant,
more, paulùm subsedit,esseet Si placet hoc, meruique, quid ô tua fulmina ces
fuit infrà, quàm solet ;
que locuta est ità siccâ voce : Summe Deûm ? Liceat perituræ viribus ignis,
Summe Deum, si hoc placet, Igne perire tuo, clademque auctore levare, 281
meruique, ô quid tua fulmi
" na cessant ? Liceat perituræ viribus ignis, perire tuo igne, que levare cladem auctore.
a jacent.

NOTES.

261. Infernum Regem. ] Pluto. 273. Contractos.] Gathered together from

Cum conjuge.] With his wife Proserpine.
264. Existunt. ] Appear, and stand out
of the waters.
Cycladas. The Cyclades are a cluster of
Islands in the Ægean sea, lying as it were
in a circle, whence they are called Cyclades,
of Kunos, a circle. The rocks, then stood
out of the sea, increased the number of the
Cyclades.
266.Tollere. ] To toss, to raisethemselves up.
267. Phocarum. ] Of sea-calves, which
imitate the lowing of oxen.
268. Exanimata.] Dead, or expiring.
Nerea.] Nereus a sea god.
271. Exserere ] To put forth, to lift up
out of the waters.
Aeris stus.] The fervors and burning
heats of the air.
272. Alma. Fruitful ; it is called Alma
of Alendo, for the earth feedeth and nour
isheth all animals.
Tellus. ] It is said to be the goddess of the
earth, for the earth itself is an element.
every place ; for by reason of the too great
heat the fountains had crept into the heart
of the earth, that they might not be utterly
dried up.
275. Omniferos.] Bearing and bringing
forth all things.
Collo tenus.] Up to the neck.
277. Subsedit .] She sunk towards the
centre .
Infrâ quàm.] She sunk lower than usual.
279. Placet, &c.] This is a complaint of
Tellus, or the earth, to Jupiter, signifying,
that if she needs must perish by fire, that he
should rather permit her to be destroyed by
his thunderbolt, than by Phaeton's confla
gration. And forasmuch as that, among
other things, which she daily affords all living
creatures, she furnishes frankincense for
sacrifices to the gods.
280. Liceat perire.] viz : mihi, i. e. If I
must perish, let me perish.
281. Tuo.] By thy thunderbolt, or light
ning.
FAB. I. METAMORPHOSEΩN. 69

Vix equidem fauces hæc ipsa in verba resolvo. Equidem vix resolvo fauces
in hæc ipsa verba. (Vapor
(Presserat ora vapor.) Tostos en aspice crines,
Inque a oculis tantùm, tantùm super ora favillæ, presserat ora.) En aspice tos
tos crines, que favilla tantum
Hosne mihi fructus, hunc fertilitatis honorem 285 sunt in oculis tantùm super
Officiique refers : quod adunci vulnera aratri ora. Referque hos fructus
Rastrorumque fero, totoque exerceor anno ?. mihi, hunc honorem fertilita
tis officiique ; quod fero vul
Quò pecori frondes, alimentaque mitia, fruges nera adunci aratri rastrorum
Humano generi, vobis quod thura ministro ? que, que exerceor toto anno?
Sed tamen exitium fac me meruisse : quid undæ, Quôd ministro frondes pecori,
que mitia alimenta, fruges
Quid meruit frater ? cur illi tradita sorte 291 humano generi, quòd thura
Equora decrescunt, et ab æthere longius absunt ? vobis ? Sed tamen fac mne me
Quod si nec fratris, nec te mea gratia tangit ; ruisse exitium : quid undæ,
At cœli miserere tui. Circumspice b utrumque ; quid frater meruit ? Cur
Fumat uterque polus : quos si vitiaverit ignis, æquora tradita illi sorte de
crescunt et absunt longius ab
Atria vestra ruent. Atlas en ipse laborat : 296 æthere ? Quod si nec gratia
Vixque suis humeris candentem sustinet axem , misere fratris,renec mea tangit te ; um
tui coeli. Circ
at
Si freta, si terræ pereunt, si regia coli ;
spice utrumque : uterque po
In chaos antiquum confundimur. Eripe flammis , lus fumat : quos si ignis viti
Si quid adhuc superest : et rerum consule summæ. averit, vestra atria ruent. En
Dixerat hæc tellus : neque enim tolerare vapo- Atlas ipse laborat : vixque
rem 301 sustinet candentem axem suis
humeris. Si freta, si terræ
Ulteriùs potuit, nec dicere plura : suumque pereunt, si regia coli, confun
Rettulit os in se, propioraque manibus antra. dimur in antiquum chaos. Eri
pe flammis, si quid adhuc su
perest : et consule summæ rerum. Tellus dixerat hæc : enim neque potuit ulterius tolerare
vaporem, nec dicere plura : que rettulit suum os in se, que antra propiora manibus .
a Inque oculis fumum, volitant, &c. b Utrimque, c Violaverit.

NOTES.

281. Clademque levare.] To lighten and
extinguish this fire, with which all things
are burnt up.
Auctore.] Calamities are borne more
lightly, when inflicted by persons of power
and superiority.
282. Vix, &c.] Scarce can I open my
mouth to pronounce these words.
Resolvo .] I open.
287. Rastrorumque.] Harrows, instru-
ments of husbandry.
Fero.] I suffer, bear.
Exerceor.] I am tired, worn out.
289. Thura.] Frankincense, which is used
in your sacrifices .
290. Exitium.] She calls it a little before
Cladem, the calamity. 1
Fac.] Let it be so, suppose..
Undæ.] The waters ; scil. meruerunt, have
deserved .
291. Frater.] Neptune, to whom in the
division of the world, the seas were allotted.
293. Tangit.] Moves.- 294. At.] At least.
295. Fumat.] The heavens are supposed
to be sustained by two poles, which if they
had been consumed, the heavens would have
fallen.
296. Atlas.] A high mount of Maurita
nia, which is feigned to bear up heaven :
because tlas, who is said to have been
transformed into that mountain, was the
first person that excelled in astronomy ; or
else because of its height ; for it is so high
that the top of it cannot be seen, and is
covered with perpetual clouds.
297. Candentem axem.] The burning pole.
300. Rerum, &c.] See that all nature do
not perish, and every thing is not destroyed.
303. Rettulit.] A metaphor taken from
serpents.
Propioraque manibus, &c. ] The caves
near to the infernal shades. For Manes are
the souls of the dead, manes, ium, for Manus
hath (a) short.

EXP. FAB. I. Fables have their foundation in history, and the events
that happened in the early ages of the world, were preserved by tradition ;
but the poets being the first historians, they, from the liberty given them,
70 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. II.

disfigured transactions in such a manner as to make it not discoverable from

what origin they came. Fables, in length of time, became moral, philoso
phical, political, & c. and so much in use, as to make it necessary, when any
great and interesting truth was to be conveyed, for to use them ; of this we
have many remarkable instances, both in the Old and New Testament ;
and if we consider this fable in a moral sense, the adventure of Phaëton
may soon be applied and considered as the undertaking of a hot-headed
rash young man, who consulted his courage much more than his prudence.
But laying aside all allegory, Aristotle believed that in Phaeton's days there
fell flames of fire from heaven, which consumed several cities ; and his name
coming from Phaëtho, has a strong affinity to his character. Some attri
bute the origin of this fable to what happened in the days of Joshua and
king Ezechias. St. Chrysostom supposes it to have taken its rise from
what is related in the Old Testament of the prophet Elias and his chariot,
and the more so from the nearness of the name to Elios, which is given by
the Greeks to the sun. Lucian in his discourse on astronomy, relates, that
Phaeton was reniarkable for his industry, to find out the course of the sun;
but that dying very young, he left his observations unfinished, which gave
occasion to some sects to say, that he did not know how to drive the cha
riot ofthe sun to the end of its course.

FAB. II. PHAETON FULMINE ICTUS.

Jupiter, to prevent the universe from being consumed, darts his Thunder
on Phaeton, whom he hurls headlong from the Etherial sky, into the
river Eridanus.

At omnipotens pater testatus AT pater omnipotens Superos testatus, et

Superos, et ipsum Phabum
qui dederat currus, nisi ferat ipsum,
opem, omnia interitura gravi Qui dederat currus, nisi opem ferat, omnia fato
fato ; arduus petit summam Interitura gravi ; summain petit arduus arcem :
arcem : unde solet inducere Unde solet latis nubes inducere terris ; 4.
nubis latis terris ; unde mo
vet tonitrus, que jactat vibra- Unde movet tonitrus, vibrataque fulmina jactat.
ta fulmina. Sed neque tunc Sed neque, quas posset terris inducere, nubes
habuit nubes quas posset in- Tunc habuit, nec, quos cœlo demitteret, imbres.
ducere terris, nec imbres quos Intonat : et dextrâ libratum fulmen ab aure
dimitteret cœlo. Intonat, et
misit fulmen vibratum ab Misit in aurigam : pariterque animâque rotisque
dextrâ aure in aurigam: que Expulit, et sævis compescuit ignibus ignes. 10
expulit pariter anin que ro- Consternantur equi : et saltu in contraria facto
tisque, et compescuit ignes
sævis ignibus. Equi consternantur : et saltu facto in contraria,
NOTES.
1. Pater.] Jupiter. the height of heaven.
Testatus.] Having called in as witness. 4. Unde.] From whence.
For Testari is sometimes the same, a; to call Latis. ] Lying far and wide.
or produce as a witness Virgil saith , 8. Intonat. ] Thundereth, sends thunder.
" Vos, æterni ignes, et non violabile ves Libratum.] See what follows.
trum" 9. Aurigam ] Phaeton, the driver of the
" Testor numen.. "" chariot ofthe sun.
Testari is properly no more than to give a Anim que.] Of life.
testimony. Testari also signifies to make a 10. Compescuit. ] Extinguished, put out;
will; i. e. to testify the last will. Hence it so in another place.
is called Testamentum, because it is as it " Nec quia rex mundi compescuit igni
were a testimony of our will. bus ignes,"
Ipsum ] Apollo. " Ipse suis Phaeton inficiandus erat."
Arduus petit arcem.] i. e. lle goes to 11. Consternantur. ] Are affrighted.
 FAB. III. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 71

а
Colla jugo a excutiunt, abruptaque lora relin- excutiunt colla jugo, que re
quant. linquunt abrupta lora. Fræna
jacent illic ; axis revulsus te
Illic fræna jacent, illic temone revulsus mone illic ; radii fractarum
Axis ; in bâc radii fractarum parte rotarum : rotarum in h e parte : que
Sparsaque sunt latê laceri vestigia currûs. 15 vestigia laceri currùs sunt
latè. At Phaeton vol
At Phaeton, rutilos flammâ populante capillos, vitur in præceps, flamma po
Volvitur in præceps, longoque per aëra tractu pulante rutilos capillos, que
Fertur ; ut interdum de coelo stella sereno, fertur per aëra longo tractu ;
ut interdum stella etsi non
Etsi non cecidit, potuit cecidisse videri.
cecidit de sereno cœlo, potuit
Quem procul à patriâ diverso maximus orbe 20 videri cecidisse. Quem Eri
Excipit Eridanus, spumantiaque abluit_ora. danus maximus excipitprocul
á patriá diverso orbe, que ab
luit spumantia ora.
a Cripiunt.
NOTES.
66 Populant ingentem farris acervum.'99
13. Revulsus. ] Torn away.
15. Laceri. ] Broken, shattered to pieces. 17. Volvitur in præceps. ] Falls headlong .
Vestigia. Fragments. 18. Fertur. ] Is thrown .
F 15. Rutilos. Yellow. 20. Quem. ] Phaeton.
Flammâ populante, ] The fire burning, de 21. Eridanus. ] Which by another name is
stroying. Populari, or populare, is to make called Padus (the Po) the greatest river in
a prey of, to rob, to plunder, to spoil. Virg. Italy.

FAB. III. SORORES PHAETONTIS IN ARBORES POPULOS . LACRIMÆ

EARUM IN ELECTRUM .

The Sisters of Phaëton are turned into Poplars, from which their Tears
flow, and are distilled into drops of Amber.

NAIADES Hesperiæ trifidâ fumantia flammâ Hesperia Naïades dant cor

Corpora dant tumulo : signantque hoc pora fumantia trifida flammâ
carmine saxum. tumulo ; signantque saxum
hoc carmine : Phaeton est si
Hic situs est Phaëton, currûs auriga paterni ; tus hic, auriga paterni currûs;
Quem si non tenuit, magnis tamen excidit ausis. quem si non tenuit, tamen ex
Nam pater obductos luctu miserabilis ægro 5 cidit
serabilis Nam mi
aus's . condiderat
magnispater
Condiderat vultus : et, si modò credimus, unum
vultus obductos ægro luctu :
Isse diem sinè sole ferunt. Incendia lumen et, si modò credimus ferunt
unum diem isse sine sole.
Præbebant : aliquisque malo fuit usus in illo.
At Clymene postquam dixit, quæcunquefuerunt Incendi a præbebant lumen,
aliquisque ususfuit in illo mato.
In tantis dicenda malis ; lugubris et amens, 10 At Clymene postquam dixit
quæcunque fuerunt dicenda in tantis malis ; lugubris, et amens,

NOTES.

1. Hesperia.] Italian. Excidit. ] Yet he died attempting great

Trifidâ flammâ. A three forked thunder things.
bolt. 5. Pater. Apollo.
2. Signant. ] They inscribe. Obductos. Covered, veiled.
Saxum. ] On the tomb. Miserabilis.] Mournful.
3. Situs est. Burie . An epitaph upon gro.] From the effect, because it makes
Phaeton. men sick..
4. Quem: The chariot. 8. Aliquisque usus. ] Some benefit.
Si. Although. Ovid : 9. Clymene. ] Phaeton's mother:
Si desint vires, tamen est laudanda voluntas, 10. ] Lugubris. ] Mourning.
Non tenuit. He was not able to guide. Amen. ] Almost dead with grief, distracted
72 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. II .

et laniata sinus percensuit Et laniata sinus, totum percensuit orbem :

totem orbem . Prim requi- Exanimesque artus primò, mox ossa requirens ,
rens exanimes artus, mox
ossa, tamen repperit ossa, con- Repperit ossa tamen peregrina condita ripâ.
dita peregrinâ ripâ. Incu- Incubuitque loco ; nomenque in marmore lectum
buitque loco, que perfudit Perfudit lacrymis, et aperto pectore fovit. 15
nomen lectum in marmore la
Nec minus Heliades fletus et, inania morti
crymis, et fovit aperto pec
tore. Nec Heliades minus Munera, dant lacrymas ; et cæsæ pectora palmiš
dant fletus et inania munera Non auditurum miseras Phaetonta querelas
lacrymas morti, et cæsæ pec- Nocte diequevocant ; adsternunturque sepulcro .
tora palmis, vocant Phaë
tonta, non auditurum mise- Luna quaterjunctis implërat cornibus orbem;20
ras querelas, nocte dieque, Illæ more suo ( nam morem fecerat usus)
adsterhunturque sepulchro. Plangorem dederant : è quîs Phaëthusa sororum
Luna implêrat orbem qua- Maxima, cum vellet terræ procumbere , questa est
ter junctis cornibus ; illæ
dederant plangorem suo Diriguisse pedes : ad quam conata venire
more (nam usus fecerat mo- Candida Lampetie, subitâ radice retenta est. 25
rem :) è quîs Phaëthusa, Tertia cùm crinem manibus laniare pararet,
maxima sororum,
pedes dirigu questa
isse, cum est Avellit frondes : hæc stipite crura teneri,
vellet
procumbere terræ : ad quam Illa dolet fieri longos sua brachia ramos .
candida Lampetie conata Dumque ea mirantur, complectitur inguina cor
venire, retenta est, subitâ [manûsque 30
tex,
radice. Tertia, cum pararet
laniare crineni manibus avel- Perque gradus uterum, pectusque humerosque ,
lit frondes : hæc dolet crura Ambit : et exstabant tantùm ora vocantia matrem.
teneri stipite, illa sua brachia Quid faciat mater, nisi, quò trahat impetus illam
fieri longos ramos. Dumque Huc eat atque illuc ? et, dum licet, oscula jungat ?
mirantur ea, cortex complec- Non satis est : truncis avellere corpora tentat ,
titur inguina, perque gradus
uterum ambit, pectusque, Et teneros manibusjramos abrumpere : at indè35
humerosque, manûsque ; et Sanguineæ manant, tanquam devulnere, guttæ .
tantùm ora exstabant vocan
tia matrem. Quid mater faciat, nisi eat huc atque illuc, quò impetus trahat illam ? et, dum
licet, jungat oscula ? Non est satis ; tentat vellere corpora, et abrumpere truncis teneros
ramos manibus ; at indè sanguineæ gutta manant, tanquam de vulnere.
$
NOTES

11. Percensuit. ] Ranged over. 21. Illa,] The Heliades.

12, Exanimesque, &c ] First seeking the
lifeless members of her son.
Mox.] And afterwards.
13. Condita ] Buried.
14. Incubuitque loco. ] She lay over the
tomb- stone.
15. Aperto pectore . ] With her naked
breast.
16. Heliades.] The daughters of the sun,
ἀπὸ τοῦ ἥλιου who from their brother
Phaeton were also called Phaetontiades.
Their names are Phaëthusa, Lampetie and
Phoebe, who, having bewailed their brother
for four months together, by the compassion
of Jupiter were turned into trees.
17. Cæsæ.) Beating and knocking.
Palmis.] With their hands.
19. Adsternunturque.] They lie stretched
upon the grave.
20. Luna, &c.] Four months had passed:
for the moon is in the full once in every
month.
Nam morem, &c. ] For use had made it
habitual.
23. Procumbere.] Prostrate herself on
the ground.
24. Diriguisse. ] To have become stiff and
hard.
Quam.] Phaethusa.
25. Lampetie ] The sister of Phaethusa .
Subita.] Sudden.
25. Tertia ] Phoebe.
Laniare. ] To tear.
29. Inguina. ] Their groins.
51. Ambit.] Encompasses.
Exstabant ] Remained uncovered by the
bark.
34.] Truncis. Truncus is the thick part
of the tree from which the branches shoot.
Avellere.] To pluck away.
Tentat.] She endeavours.
35. Inde. ] From the branches.
36. Manant ] Flow.
"
FAB. IV. METAMORPHOSEΩN 73

Parce, precor, mater, quæcunque est saucia quæcumque est saucia clamat,
mater, precor parce : precor
clamat, parce, corpus nostrum lania
Parce, precor: nostrum laniatur in arbore corpus. tur in arbore. Jamque vale :
Jamque vale. Cortex in verba novissima venit. Cortex venit in novissima
Inde fluunt lacrymæ, stillataque sole rigescunt 40 verba. Indè lacrymæ fluunt
que electra stillata de novis
De ramis electra novis ; quæ lucidus amnis ramis rigescunt sole ; quæ
Excipit, et nuribus mittit gestanda Latinis. lucidus amnis excipit, et mit
tit gestanda Latinis nuribus·
NOTES.
37. Saucia.] Wounded . 40. Inde.] From those trees.
39. Vale. ] A salutation used at parting : Rigescunt. ] grow stiff and hard.
and answered by Tu quoque vale. Salve is 41. Electra.] Amber.
a complimentary expression used when we Lucidus amnis.] Eridanus.
either meet or part. 42. Excipit. ] Receives.
Cortex.] The bark overspreading their Nuribus Latinis. ] The Italian women.
mouths, intercepts the last words of the
Heliades.
FAB. IV, CYCNUS STHENELEI FILIUS IN AVEM SUI NOMINIS.
Cycnus, King of Liguria, inconsolable for Phaeton, is transformed into a Swan,

ADFUIT huic monstro, proles Stheneleia, adfuit Cycnus, proles Stheneleïa,

huic monstro ; qui
Cycnus ; quamvis junctus tibi, Phaë
Qui tibi materno quamvis à sanguine junctus, ton, à materno sanguine, ta
Mente tamen, Phaeton, propior fuit. Ille relicto men fuit propior mente. Ille
(Nam Ligurum populos , et magnas rexerat urbes ) relicto imperio (nam rexerat
Imperio, ripas virides, a amnemque querelis 5 populos Ligurum et magnas
urbes) implêrat virides ripas
;
Eridanum implêrat, sylvamque sororibus auctam amnemque Eridanum quere
Cùm vox est tenuata viro, canæque capillos lis, sylvam que auctam sor
Dissimulant plumæ ; collumque à pectore longum oribus : cum vox est tenuata
Porrigitur, digitosque ligat junctura rubentes. viro, canæque pluma dissi-,
mulant capillos : collumque
Penna latus vestit : tenet os sinè acumine rostrum . porrigitur longum à pectore,
Fit nova Cycnus avis, nec se cœloque, Jovique 11 que junctura ligat rubentes
Credit, ut injuste missi memor ignis ab illo. [sus. digitos. Penna vestit latus :
Stagna colit, patulosque lacus ; ignemque pero- rostrum tenet os sine acu
mine. Cycnus fit nova avis,
Quæ colat, elegit contraria flumina flammis. nec credit se cœloque, Jovi
que, ut memor ignîs injuste
missi ab illo. Colit stagna, patulosque lacus : que perosus ignem, elegit flumina contraria
dammis, quæ colat.
a omnemque. b petit.
NOTES.
1. Adfuit.] Was present. swans are red, and joined by a kind of mem
Monstro.] At the prodigy in which the brane.
Heliades were turned into poplar trees, and 10. Tenet, &c.] His mouth is changed
their tears into amber. into a blunt beak.
5. Ille.] Cycnus. 11. Nec credit cœlo.] Neither ventures
4. Ligurum.] Cycnus was king of liguria, into the air.
in Italy, situated between the rivers Varus 12. Ignis.] Of the thunderbolt that was
and Macra, bordering upon Tuscany, the thrown.
head of which is Genoa : the inhabitants of İllo.] By Jupiter.
it were called Ligures. 13. Patulosque.] Broad.
7. Tenuata.] Made small and slender. Perosus.] Hating. The word is often
Canæque, &c.] His hairs are changed into taken passively, and signifies one who is
white feathers. hated.
9. Porrigitur.] Is drawn out into length. 14. Contraria.] So in Book I. Cumque sic
Jundura. A skinny film. The claws of ignis aque pugnax.
L
74 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IL

Interea genitor Phaetontis Squallidus interea genitor Phaetontis, et expers

squallidus. et ipse expers sui
decoris, qualis solet esse cùm Ipse sui decoris : qualis, cùm deficit a orbem, 16
deficit orbem : odit lucemque, Esse solet ; lucemque odit, seque ipse, diemque;
seque, diemque : dat animum Datque animum in luctus et luctibus adjicit iram,
in luctus, et adjicit iram luc- Officiumque negat mundo. Satìs, inquit, ab ævi
tibus, que negat officium Sors mea principiis fuit irrequieta : pigetque 20 1I
mundo. Inquit, Mea sors fuit
satis irrequieta ab principiis Actorum sinè fine mihi, sinè honore, laborum.
ævi pigetque laborum ac- Quilibet alter agat portantes lumina currus.
torum mihi sine fine, sinê Si nemo est, omnesque Dei non posse fatentur ;
honore . Quilibet alter agat
currus portantes lumina. Si Ipse agat : ut saltem, dum nostras tentat habenas,
nemo est, omnesque Dei fa- Orbatura patres aliquando fulmina ponat. 25
tentur non posse : ipse agat : Tum sciet, ignipedum vires expertus equorum,
ut saltem dum tentat nostras Non meruisse necem, qui non bene rexerit illos.
habenas, aliquando ponat
fulmina, orbatura patres - Talia dicentem circumstant omnia Solem
beris. Tum expertus vires Numina: neve velit tenebras inducere rebus
ignipedum equorum, sciet Supplice voce rogant. Missos quoque Jupiter ignes
non meruisse necem, qui non Excusat, precibusque minas regaliter addit 31
bene rexerit illos.
Numina circumstant Solem (Colligit amentes, et adhuc terrore paventes
dicentem talia : ve rogant Phoebus equos : stimuloque domans, et verbere
supplice voce ne velit indu sævit :
cere tenebras rebus. Quoque Sævit enim, natumque objectat et imputat illis. )
Jupiter excusat missos ignes,
et regaliter addit minas precibus. (Phoebus colligit equos amentes et adhuc paventes ter
rore que sævit domans stimulo et verbere : enim sævit, que objectat natum, et imputat illis.)
a orbi. b terris.

NOTES.

15. Squallidus.] He describes the grief of 25. Orbatura patres .] Which bereaves
Phoebus for the death of Phaeton. fathers of their children. Orbare is always
Expers.] Destitute of his wonted splen used to express the deprivation of some
dor. thing very dear and valuable.
16. Qualis, &c.] As when his orb is Ponat.] He may lay aside.
hid by an Eclipse. 26. Tunc sciet, &c.] Then Jupiter, having
18. Datque animum in luctus.] Gives his experienced the strength of the fiery-footed
mind up entirely to grief. horses, will know, that he who was unable
Adjciit iram.] And joins resentment. to govern them, did not deserve so severe a
19. Satis, &c.] The order is, Sors mea fate.
fuit satis irrequieta, ab principiis ævi, i . e. 50. Missos ignes.] The thunderbolts
as soon as I was born, vita mea et conditio thrown against Phaeton.
mea nunquam quievit et tranquilla fuit ; 31. Regaliter.] With the authority of a
my life and condition was ever restless . king.
24. Ipse agat.] Let Jupiter, who is so 53. Verbere.] With whip and spur.
mighty and terrible, drive the chariot himself. Sævit.] He exercises his fury on the hor
Tentat.] Holds, retains, Derived of Tento. ses, and charges Phaeton's death upon them.
EXP . FAB . III & IV. Ovid, in this and the two preceding fables, has fol
1
lowed the sametradition used by Plutarch, as they both place Phaeton's tomb 1
on the banks ofthe Po ; as they also do the adventures of the Heliades his t
sisters, and the metamorphosis of Cycnus king of Liguria. These two last
events so elegantly described by Ovid, have no difficulty in theirexplanation.
Phaeton's sisters, weeping withtheirmother near his tomb , became quite spent
and so overcome with grief as to end their lives there; the poets, in honor of
thiseventand to preserve its remembrance, supposed them changed into poplars
distilling amber. Cycnus, his friend, who made the same acknowledgment of
his love, has been by the poets changed into a swan. The resemblance of
 FAB. V. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 75

his name to that of this bird, perhaps, afforded a ready hint for this meta
morphose.
FAB. V. CALISTO, LYCAONIS FILIA, A JOVE ADAMATA.
Jupiter, in taking a survey ofthe world, in order to extinguish what remained
of Phaeton's imprudence, falls in love with Calisto, whom he meets as be
passes through Arcadia ; and, the better to insinuate himself into her fa
vour, assumes the appearance of Diana. Her sister nymphs acquaint that
Goddess with the deception put upon Calisto, who discharges her from
her train as she had been deprived of her chastity.
AT Pater omnipotens, ingentia moenia cœli At omnipotens Pater cir
Circuit ; et, ne quid labefactum viribus ignis cuit ingentia
explorat monia
, ne quid cœli : et
labefactumn
Corruat, explorat. Quæpostquamfirma , suique viribus ignis corruat. Quæ
Roboris esse videt ; terras, hominumque labores postquam vidit esse firma,
Perspicit. Arcadiæ tamen est impensior illi 5 suique roboris ; perspicit ter
ras, que labores hominum.
Cura suæ ; fontesque, et nondum audentia labi Tamen cura suæ Arcadia est
Flumina restituit. Dat terræ gramina, frondes impensior illi ; que restituit
fontes et flumina nondum au
Arboribus, læsasque jubet revirescere sylvas.
Dum redit, itque frequens, in virgine Nonacrinâ dentia labi ; dat gramina ter
ræ, frondes arboribus, que
Hæsit ; et accepti caluêre sub ossibus ignes. 10 jubet læsas sylvas revirescere.
Non erat hujus opus lanam mollire trahendo ; Dum redit itque frequens,
Nec a positu variare comas : ubi fibula vestem ; hæsit in Nonacrinâ virgine ;
et ignes accepti sub ossibus
Vitta coërcuerat neglectos alba capillos. caluére. Opus hujus non e
Et modò læve manu jaculum, modò sumserat rat mollire lanam trahendo.
arcum. 14 Nec variare comas positu :
Miles erat Phoebus : nec Maenalon attigit ulla ubi alba fibula coërcuerat neglec
vestem
vitta coërcuerat
Gratior hâc Triviaæ . Sed nullapotentia longa est. tos capillos. Et modò sumserat
læve jaculum manu modò ar
eum. Erat miles Phoebus : nec ulla gratior hâc Triviæ attigit Mænalon. Sed nullá po
tentia est longa.
a positas. b sed. c coercebat.
NOTES.
1. Pater ] Jupiter. 10. Hæsit.] Fixed his eyes.
2. Circuit.] Walks round. Accepti. ] Conceived. Ignis is by the po
3. Corruat ] Might tumble down. ets often used for love, which preys upon
Explorat.] He searches diligently. Hence and consumes the minds of lovers, as that
they are called Exploratores, who penetrate element exercises its destroying quality up
into the enemies counsels. on fuel.
5. Impensior.] Greater. Caluere.] Gathered fresh strength.
6. Suæ.] Beloved by him, either because 11. Hujus.] Of Calisto.
of Maia, who brought forth Mercury in Mollire, &c. ] To card and spin wool.
Cyllene, a mountain of Arcadia ; because 12. Variare. ] To adorn with various co
the Arcadians, as well as Cretensians, affirmlours, which wanton maids used to do to
that Jupiter was born among them. an extravagant excess.
7. Restituit.] He reduces to the former Fibula.] A clasp.
state. Justin, 66 Hunc regno à patre pri 15. Vitta. ] A fillet, with which the an
vatum filius" restituerat. Sometimes resti cients used to bind their hair.
tuere signifies to restore, to give back again. Coërcuerat . ] Fastened.
Ter. Ut suis restituam. Neglectos.] Her uncombed, unadorned
9. Frequens.] Often. hair.
Virgine Nonacrinâ.] Calisto, the daugh 14. Jaculum.] A spear.
ter of Lycaon and Nonacrine ; whom, with 15. Phœbes.] Of Diana who is thought
her son Arcas, Jupiter translated into Hea to be the same as the moon.
% ven near the Pole, which was called from 16. Hâc.] Than Calisto.
them Arcticus. Which when Juno observ Triviæ.] To Diana, so called, either be
ed, she desired Tethys her nurse, never to cause she used to be worshipped in Triviis,
permit them to descend into the sea, there i. e. the Highways, or on account of her
threefold course under the zodiac.
fore the Septentriones are said never to set.
 76 R. • OVIDII NASONIS LIB. II.

Altus Sol habebat spatium Ulterius medio spatium Sol altus « habebat :
ulterius medio ; cùm illa su- Cumsubit illa nemus, quodnulla ceciderat ætas.
bit nemus, quod nulla ætas
ceciderat. Hic exuit pha- Exuit hîc humeropharetram, lentosque retendit
retram humero, que reten- Arcus ; inque solo, quod texerat herba, jacebat,
dit lentos arcus, que jacebat Et pictam positâ pharetram cervice premebat. 21
in solo quod herba texerat,
et premebat pictam phare- Jupiter ut vidit fessam, et custode vacantem,
tram cervice positâ. Ut Ju- Hoc certè conjux furtum mea nesciet, inquit :
piter vidit fessam, et vacan- Aut si rescierit ; sunt, ô, b sunt jurgia tanti ?
tem custode, inquit, Certe Protinus induitur faciem, cultumque Diana; 25
mea conjux nesciet hoc fur
tum : aut si rescierit ; sunt, & Atque ait, O comitum virgo pars una mearum,
sunt jurgia tanti ? Protinus In quibus es venata jugis ? De cespite virgo
induitur faciem cultumque Se levat ; et Salve Numen, me judice, dixit,
Diana : atque ait, O virgo,
una pars mearum comitum, Audiat ipse licet, majus Jove, Ridet, et audit,
in quibus jugis es venata ? Et sibi præferri se gaudet : et oscula jungit ; 30
Virgo levat se de cespite ; Nec moderata satis, nec sic à virgine danda.
et dixit, Salve Numen, me
Quâ venata foret sylvâ narrare parantem
judice majus Jove, licet ipse
audiat. Ipse ridet, et audit Impedit amplexu ; nec se sinè crimine prodit.
et gaudet se præferri sibi ; Illa quidem contrà, quantum modò fœminapossit,
et jungit oscula ; nec mode- ( Aspiceres utinam, Saturnia , mitior esses ! ) 35
rata satis, nec sic danda à
virgine. Impedit amplexu Illa quidem pugnat : sed quæ superare puella,
parantem narrare quâ sylva Quisve Jovem poterat ? Superûm petit æthera
foret venata ; nec prodit se victor
sine crimine. Illa
contrà quantùm modò fœmi- Jupiter. Huic odio nemus est, et conscia sylva.
napossit ; (Saturnia utinamas- Undè, pedem referens, penè est oblitapharetram
piceres, esses mitior ! ) Illa qui
dem pugnat : sed quæ puella, quisve poterat superare Jovem? Jupiter victor petit æthe
ra Superum. Nemus est odio huic, et conscia sylva. Undè, referens pedem, pene ob
lita est tollere pharetram.
a agebat . sua jurgia tanti.
NOTES.
17. Ulterius medio.] It was now after that I should deprive myself of the pleasure
moon, or the greatest part of the day was of enjoying this virgin.
past. 25. Protinus.] Presently : the poet takes
18. Subit.] She entered. notice of Jupiter's being transformed into
Illa.] Calisto. Diana, as it were invisibly.
Quod.] The trees whose groves had ne Cultumque.] Habit, dress.
yer been cut down. 27. In quibusjugis.] In what mountains.
Nulla ætas.] The men of no age. Cespite.] From the earth. Cespes is pro
19. Exuit.] Calisto laid aside. perly a clod of earth with the grass upon
Hic.] In this grove . it,
Lentosque.] Flexible, bending. Virgil : Virgo.] Calisto.
Lenta salix. 22
28. Se levat. ] She raises herself.
Retendít.] She unstrung : for bows, un 29. Ipse.] Jupiter.
less they be bent, grow weak. Here it Licet. ] Although,
may be remarked, that the preposition re 30. Præferri.] To be preferred, to be es
always changes the signification of the word, teemed.
1 with which it is compounded, to the con 33. Impedit amplexu.] He prevents by
trary, as retego, i. e. I uncover : resero, I his caresses.
open revelo, I uncloath : retexo, I unra Prodit.] He discovered.
vel and others. 54. Illa.] Calisto.
20. Solo. ] On the ground. 35. Saturnia.] Juno, the daughter of Sa
22. Ut.] When. turn.
Fessam.] Weary and tired. 36. Pugnat.] She resists.
23. Furtum.] A rape, a theft, because it 38. Huic, &c. ] To Calisto.
is usually committed in secret. Conscia.] Of the rape committed by Ju
Conjux.] Juno. piter.
24. Sunt. &c.] As though he had said, 39. Undè.] Out ofthat wood.
A scolding bout is not of such consequence, Referens.] Departing.
 FAB . V. METAMORPHOSEON.. 77

Tollere cum telis, etquem suspenderat arcum. 40 cum telis, et arcum quem sus
Ecce, suo comitata choro, Dictynna per altum penderat. Ecce, Dictynna,
comitata suo choro, ingredi
Mænalon ingrediens, et cæde superba ferarum, ens per altum Manalon, et
Aspicit hanc, visamque vocat: clamata refugit ; superba cæde ferarum, aspi
Et timuit primò, nè Jupiter esset in illâ. 44 cit hanc, que vocat visam :
clamata refugit et timuit
8ed, postquam pariter nymphas incedere vidit, primò, nè Jupiter: esset in illà .
Sensit abesse dolos, numerumque accessit ad Sed postquam vidit nymphas
harum, incedere pariter, sensit dolos
Heu quam difficile est, crimen non prodere vultu ! abesse que accessit ad nume
rum harum Heu quam difficile
Vix oculos attollit humo ; nec, ut antè solebat, est non prodere crimen vultu !
Juncta Deæ lateri, nec toto est agmine prima : Vix attollit oculos humo
Sed silet ; et læsi dat signa rubore pudoris. 50 lateri nec, utDeæsolebat antê,
, nec est juncta
prima to
Et (nisi quòd virgo est) poterat sentire Diana to agmine : sed silet : et dat
Mille notis culpam. Nymphæ sensisse feruntur. signa læsi pudoris rubore.
Orbe resurgebant lunaria cornua nono ; Et (nisi quòd est virgo) Di
Cùm Dea venatrix, fraternis languida flammis, a poterat sentire culpam
inille notis. Nymphæ ferun
Nacta nemus gelidum ; de quo cum murmure tur sensisse. Lunaria cornua
labens resurgebant nono orbe : cùm
>
Ibat, et attritas versabat rivus arenas ; 56 venatrix Dea, languida fra
ternis flammis, nacta gelidum
Ut loca laudavit, summas pede contigit undas. nemus ; de quo rivus ibat
His quoquelaudatis, Procul est, ait, arbiter om- labens cum murmure, et ver
Nuda superfusistingamuscorporalymphis. [nis ; sabat attritas arenas : ut lau
Parrhasis erubuit; cunctæ velaminaponunt: 60 davit loca, contigit summas
undas pede. His quoque
Una moras quærit . Dubitanti vestis ademta est : laudatis, ait, Omnis arbiter est
Quâ positâ, nudo patuit cum corpore crimen . procul : tingamus nuda cor
Attonitæ, manibusque uterum celare volenti, pora superfusis lymphis.
Parrhasis erubuit : cunctæ
ponunt velamina : Una uærit moras. Vestis est ademta dubitanti ; quâ positâ crimen
patuit cum nudo corpore. Cynthia dixit attonitæ, que volenti celare uterum manibus

NOTES.

41. Ecce. ] This particle signifies some
thing sudden.
43. Hanc.] Calisto.
44. Nè, &c.] Lest Jupiter should conceal
himself under the form of Diana.
46. Harum. ] Of the nymphs.
47. Prodere.] To discover. Secret things,
when detected, are properly said prodi.
48. Attollit. ] She lifts up.
49. Dea ] Of Diana.
50. Læsi pudoris. ] Of her violated chas
'tity.
52. Mille notis .] By a thousand tokens.
A finite number for an infinite one.
53. Orbe nono.] In the ninth month. For
the moon every month reneweth her orb.
54,] Venatrix Dea. ] Diana.
Fraternis flammis. ] By the too great heat
of her brother the Sun ; Diana, or the
Moon, being the Sister of Phoebus.
Languida ] Being weary and languid.
55, Nemus gelidum . ] A cool grove,
56. Attritas arenas. ] Shining gravel.
Versabat. ] Rolled.
57. Ut, &c. ] After Diana had much com,
mended the place which was very pleasant,
she dipt her feet into the water..
59. Procul est arbiter. ] Here is no wit
ness, or spectator.
58. Tingamus.] Let us wash.
Lymphis. In the waters.
60. Cunctæ. ] All the nymphs lay aside
their garments.
61. Una ] Calisto alone has no mind to
undress herself.
Dubitanti.] From Calisto loitering.
Ademta ] Forcibly taken from her by the
other nymphs, the companions of Diana.
62. Qua.] The garments.
Positâ.] Laid aside.
63. Attonitæ ] To Calisto, being in con
fusion.
Uterum.] Her womb which discovered
the crime,
 78 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. FI.

I procul hinc, nec pollues a- I procul hinc, dixit, nec sacros pollue fontes,
eros fontes que jussit sece- Cynthia deque suo jussit secedere cœtu. 65
dere de suo cœtu.

NOTES.

64. Dixit.] sc. Diana. retire from the company or society of men.
Nec pollue.] Nor defile. From hence secessus is derived, i, e, a re
Sacros.] The ancients thought all waters tiring to a secret place.
were sacred, Coetu.] From society, company.
65. Secedere.] To depart. Secedere is to

FAB: VI. & VII. CALISTO IN URSAM. EADEM CUM FILIO ARCADE IN
SIDERA .
Juno, being sensible that Calisto knew but too well how to please Jupiter,
became so jealous, that she transformed her into a Bear. Her son Arcas,
not knowing her in that disguise, would have killed her, had not Jupiter
of a sudden placed them in the Heavens, where they form the constella
tions of the great and little Bears. The Raven is also changed from a
white to a black, for his impertinent prattling.
Matrona magni Tonantis sen- SENSERAT hoc olim magni Matrona Tonantis :
serat hoc olim distuleratque Distuleratque graves in idonea tempora pœ
graves pœnas in idonea tem
Fora. Est nulla causa moræ : nas. [ sum
et jam puer Arcas fuerat na- Causa moræ nulla est : et jam puer Arcas (id ip
tus de pelice (Juno indoluit Indoluit Juno) fuerat de pellice natus. 4.
id ipsum.) Quò simul obver
tit sævam mentem cum lumi Quò simul obvertit sævam cum lumine mentem;
ne : dixit, Adultera, scilicet Scilicet hoc unum restabat, Adultera, dixit,
hee unum, restabat, ut fores Ut foecunda fores, fieretque injuria partu
fœcunda, que injuria fieret Nota, Jovisque mei testatum dedecus esset.
mota partu, que dedecus mei
Jovis esset testatum . Haud Haud impunè feres : adimam tibi nempè figuram ;
feres impunè : nempè adimam Quâ tibi, quâque places nostro, importuna, marito ,
figuram tibi, qua places tibi, Dixit : a et adversâ prensis à fronte capillis, 11 ·
quaque, importuna,
nostro marito. Dixitplaces
et Stravit
Brachia humi pronamnigris
cœperunt . Tendebat brachia
horrescere supplex :
villis,
prensis capillis à fronte ad
versá, stravit pronam humi. Curvarique manus, et aduncos crescere in ungues,
Supplex tendebat brachia : Officioque pedum fungi, laudataque quondam
brachia cœperunt horrescere
migris villis que manus curvari, et crescere in aduncos ungues, que fungi officio pedum ;
que ora, quondam laudata.
a. prensamque ipsis Dea sæva capillis traxit.

NOTES.
1. Olim.] Before when Calisto was de- witness.
bauched by Jove. 9. Haud impunè.] Thou shalt not go a
4. Indoluit Juno.] That Calisto had way unpunished.
Brought forth a boy, was a fresh occasion 10. Importuna.] Importunately confident.
of resentment to Juno. He is said to be importunus, who has no re
De pellice natus.] Of Calisto, Jupiter's gard to place, time, or person : troublesome.
concubine. 11. Dixit.] Juno spake.
5. Quâ.] Upon which boy Arcas. 12. Stravit.] Laid prostrate on the ground.
Simul.] As soon as. Tendebat.] She stretched out.
6. Scilicet.] This word intimates great in Supplex.] Humbly intreating.
dignation. The poets commonly make Juno 13. Horrescere.] To become shaggy and
speak in anger. rough.
7. Fecunda.] That thou shouldest con Villis.] With hairs. Villus is coarse or
ceive. Pregnant women are said to be fœ shaggy hair.
cundæ. 14. Aduncos. ] Crooked.
6. Testatum ] As though proved by 15. Quondam. Once, formerly.
 FAB. VI. VII. METAMORPHOSEON. 79

Ora Jovi, lato fieri deformia rictu. 16 Jovi, fieri deformia lato ric
Nevepreces animos, etverba a superfluaflectant, tu. Neve preces et superflua
verba flectant animos, possa
Posse loqui eripitur. Vox iracunda, minaxque, loqui eripitur. Iracunda vox
Plenaque terroris rauco de gutture fertur. : et minax, et plena terroris,
Mens antiqua tamenfactâ quoque mansit in ursâ ; fertur de rauco gutture. Ta
Assiduoque suos gemitu testata dolores, 21 men mens antiqua remansit
in factâ ursâ, que testata su
Qualescunque manus ad cœlum et sidera tollit ; os dolores assiduo gemita,
Ingratumque Jovem , nequeat cùm dicere, sentit. tollit qualescumque manus
Ah ! quoties, solâ non ausa quiescere sylvâ, 24 ad cœlum et sidera ; que sen
Antedomum, quondamquesuis erravit in agris! tit Jovem ingratum, cùm ne
queat dicere ingratum Ah !
Ah ! quoties persaxa canum latratibus acta est ; quoties, non ausa quiescere
Venatrixque metu venantum territa fugit ! solâ sylvâ, erravit ante do
Sæpe feris latuit visis ; oblita quid esset ; mum, que in agris quondam
suis ! Ah ! quoties est acta per
Ursaque conspectos in montibus horruit ursos ; saxa latratibus canum ; vena
། Pertimuitque lupos, quamvis pater esset in illis. trix que fugit territa metu
1: Eccè Lycaoniæ proles ignara parenti 31 venantum ! Sæpe oblita quid
esset ; latuit visis feris ; ursa
Arcas adest, ter quinque fere natalibus actis : que horruit ursos conspecto
Dùmque feras sequitur, dùm saltus eligit aptos, in montibus ; que pertimuit
Nexilibusque plagissylvas Erymanthidas ambit, lupos, quamvis pater esset in
C Incidit in matrem; quæ restitit Arcade viso, 35 illis . Ecce Arcas, proles Ly
caoniæ parenti , ignara adest,
Et cognoscenti similis fuit. Ille refugit ; ter quinque fere natalibas
Immotosque oculos in se sine fine tenentem actis : dûmque sequitur feras,
Nescius extimuit : propiusque accedere aventi, dùm eligit aptos saltus, que
ambit Erymanthidas sylvas
Vulnifico fuerat fixurus pectora telo. nexilibus plagis, incidit in
matrem quæ restitit Arca
de viso, et fuit similis cognoscenti. Ille refugit : que nescius extimuit tenentem oculos
immotos in se sinè fine : que fuerat fixurus pectora matris, aventi accedere propius, vul
nifico telo. a potentia. b parentis.
NOTES.
16. Jovi.] By Jupiter. 32. Arcas.] The son of Jupiter by Calisto
Lato rictu.] With wide jaws. Quinque. ] Fifteen years of age.
། 18. Posse loqui. ] The faculty of speaking. 33. Sequitur. ] He pursues . 1
20. Mens antiqua.] Her former under Saltus.] Forests. Saltus is derived of Sa
standing. liendo, i. e. leaping or dancing. for wild
22. Manus ] Bears make use of the fore beasts are supposed to frisk there ; whence
feet by way of hands.-Tollit. ] Lifts up. foresters are called Saltuarii,
1 2. Sol sylvâ.] In the solitary woods. Aptos. ] Fit for hunting.
26. Saxa.] The craggy rocks. 34. Nexilibus plagis.] With his plaited
Acta est.] Driven over. nets. Plage, with the first syllable short are
27. Venatrix.] Though herself a huntress. a sort of thin nets for catching wild beasts.
28. Oblita quid esset.] Forgetting she Plaga, in the division of the Heavens and
was a bear. Earth, are spaces and tracts.
29. Horruit.] Trembled. Erymanthidas ] Of Mount Erymanthus,
A 30. Pater.] Lycaon, the father of Calisto. which is in Arcadia.
In illis.] Among those wolves : for Ly Ambit.] Encompasses, surrounds.
盟 caon was changed into a wolf. See book I. 35. Incidit.] He meets with by chance ;
51. Ecce.] The poet adds another fable for incido signifies to come upon any thing
& in this place, that of Calisto and Arcas, unawares ; as Incidi in latrones, Cic. Incidi
which, though it happened fifteen years af in errorem.
$ ter, is here related as a fact immediately Matrem .] Calisto turned into a bear..
subsequent to the former. This anachro Restitit.] Stood still to wait for him.
nism is made to preserve the connection be 36. Cognoscenti. ] And she seemed to
tween the fable of Arcas, and that which know her son Arcas.
immediately follows. Ille refugit.] Arcas fled away.
Ignara.] Not knowing her to have been 38. Nescius.] Not knowing she was his
turned into a bear. mother.
. Parenti.] Of his mother Calisto, the Aventi.] Desiring.
daughter of Lycaon. 39. Vuluificotelo.] With his wounding dari
80 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. ir.

Omnipotens arcuit, que sus- Arcuit omnipotens, pariterque ipsosque, nefasque A

tulit ipsosque nefasque pari- Sustulit : et celeri raptos per inania vento, 41
per Imposuit cœlo, vicinaque sidera fecit.
ventoraptos que
imposuit
ter ; etceleri
fecit vicina sidera. Juno in- Intumuit Juno, postquàm inter sidera pellex
tumuit, postquàm pellex ful- Fulsit ; et ad canam descendit in æquora Tethyn ,
sit inter sidera ; et descendit Oceanumque senem ; quorum reverentia movit
quea quora
in senemadOceanu
canam mTethyn
: quo- Sæpe Deos : causamque viæ scitantibus infit ; 46
rum reverentia sæpe movit Quæritis æthereis quare regina Deorum
Deos : que infit scitantibus Sedibus hùc adsim ? Pro me tenet altera cœlum .
causam viæ : Quæritis quare Mentiar, obscurum nisi nox cùm fecerit orbem ,
regina
thereis Deorum
sedibus ?adsim
Altera hùc æ Nuper honoratas summo mea vulnera cœlo
tenet 50
cœlum pro me. Mentiar nisi Videritis stellas illic, ubi circulus axem
cùm nox fecerit obscurum Ultimus extremum spatioque brevissimus ambit.
orbem, videritis illic stellas, Est verò, cur quis Junonem lædere nolit,
Arcadem et Calisto, nuper ho
noratas, mea vulnera, sum Offensamque tremat ; quæ prosim sola nocendo?
mo cœlo, ubi ultimus circu- En ego quantumegi ! Quàm vasta potentia nos
lus brevissimus spatio ambit tra est! 55
extremum axem. Est verò,
cur quis nolit lædere Junonem Esse hominem vetui ; facta est Dea. Sic ego po
que tremat offensain ; quæ nas
prosim sola nocendo ? En, Sontibus impono. Sic est mea magna potestas .
quau
ta tum ego
nostra egiia! est
potent Quà vas Vindicet antiquam faciem, vultusque ferinos
! mVetui
esse hominem : facta est Dea. Detrahat ; Argolicâ quod in antè Phoronide fecit.
Sic ego impono pœnas sonti- Cur non et pulsâ ducat Junone, meoque 60
bus. Sic mea potestas est Collocet in thalamo , socerumque Lycaona sumat?
magna. Vindicet antiquam
faciem, que detrahat ferinos
vultus : quod fecit antè in Argolic? Phoronide . Cur non et ducat, Junone pulsâ, que
collocet in meo thalamo, que sumat Lycaona socerum?
NOTES .
40. Arcuit.] Forbid, hindered : sc. that 54. Tremat.] Should fear.
Arcas should wound his mother. from arceo. 55. En ego, &e ] These words are spoken
by way ofirony ; q. d. a very little, or rather
Omnipotens. ] Jupiter.
nothing at all.
Pariterque . ] Together.
Ipsosque.] He carried Calisto and Arcas 57. Sontibus.] To those who injure me,
to my rivals, my husband's concubines.
up aloft.
Nefasque sustulit.] The parricide, which 58. Vindicet antiquam faciem.] Let Ju
Arcas would have ignorantly committed, had piter restore Calisto to the human shape , ra
Vindi
he not been prevented by Jupiter. Two diff ther than place her among the stars.
erent things are signided by that one word, care signifies here to reinstate ; butOvid properly,
:
sustulit. I revenge, I punish, I chastise,
41. Inania.] Through the air ; which is " Quique necem Crassi vindicat ultor erit. ”
called inane, because it seems to be empty. Hence punishment is called Vindicta, and
Vindico
42. Vicinaque.] For the greater bear and the avenger of an injury vindex.
arctophylax are neighbouring constellations . is compounded of vis and dico, for he, who
45. Intumuit. ] Swelled with rage. avenges an injury, says vim. i. e. Violence is
44. Tethyn.] Tethys is saidto be thedaugh offered him. Sometimes it means to defend
ter of Calus and Vesta, the wife of Oceanus, against injustice.
Juno's nurse, and the mother of many gods. 59. Quod.] The order is : Quod ante fe
45. Oceanumque.] The husband of Te cit in Phoronide, i. e, in Io, the niece of Pho
roneus for though Jupiter, for fear of Juno,
thys. had changed her into a heifer, she was again
46. Scitantibus.] To those who asked,
47. Regina Deorum.] I Juno. restored to her former shape,
60. Cur non.] A very beautiful irony, by
48. Pro me.] In my stead. which we seem to grant that, which we will
Tenet.] Possesses .
50. Mea vulnera. ] My torment. by no means allow. See Dido, in Virg.
52. Ultimus circulus.] The arctic and an Æn. IV.
tarctic circles are the last and least of the " I, sequere Italiam ventis, pete regna per
other circles. undas."
55. Est verò. ] An irony full ofindigna Pulsa.] Cast out. divorced.
tion. Ducat.] Marry her.
 FAB. VII. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 81

At vos si læsæ contemtus tangit alumnæ, At si contemtus læsæ alum

næ tangit vos, prohibete sep
Gurgite cæruleo septem prohibete Triones : tem Triones cœruleo gurgite :
Sideraque in cœlo stupri mercede recepta que pellite sidera recepta in
Pellite ; ne puro tingatur in æquore pellex. 65 cœlo mercede stupri, ne pel
Di maris annuerant . a Habili Saturnia curru lex tingatur in puro æthere.
Dî maris annuerant, Saturnia
Ingreditur liquidum pavonibus aëra pictis : ingreditur liquidum aëra ha
Tam nuper pictis eæso pavonibus Argo ; bili curru pictis pavonibus :
Quàm tu nuper eras, cùm candidus antè fuisses, pavonibus tam nuper pictis
Corve loquax, subitò nigrantes versus in alas. 70 Argo caso ; quàm tu, loquax
Corve, cùm ante fuisses can
Nam fuit hæc quondam niveis argentea pennis didus, nuper eras subito ver
Ales, ut æquaret totas sinè labe columbas : sus in nigrantes alas. Nam
hæc ales fuit quondam argen
Nec servaturis vigili Capitolia voce tea niveis pennis, ut æquaret
Cederet anseribus, nec amanti flumina cycno. columbas totas sinè labe : nec
Lingua fuit damno : linguâ faciente loquaci, 75 cederet anseribus servaturis
Quib color albus erat, nunc est contrarius albo. Capitolia vigili voce, nec cyc
no amanti flumina. Lingua
Pulchrior in totâ, quàm Larissæa Coronis, fuit damno: loquaci linguâ fa
Non fuit Hæmoniâ. Placuit tibi, Delphice, certè, ciente ut color, qui erat albus,
Dùm vel casta fuit, vel inobservata : sed ales nunc est contrarius albo.
Sensit adulterium Phoebeïus ; utque latentem 80 Pulcrior puella quàm Larissæa
Coronis non fuit in totâ Hæ
Detegeret culpam non exorabilis index, moniâ. Delphice, certè pla
cuit tibi vel dùm casta fuit,
vel inobservata : sed Phoebeïus ales sensit adulterium ; utque non exorabilis index dete
geret latentem culpam,
a agili. b Cui.

NOTES.

62. Læsæ alumnæ. ] Your injured foster-
child.
Tangit.] Moves.
63. Gurgite cæruleo.] From the azure sea,
which in its colour resembles the Heavens.
Prohibete. Drive away.
Triones.] The Greater Bear and Arcto-
phylax are called the Triones.
65. Pellite.] Expel.
Puro.] That Calisto, the concubine of Ju
piter, descending into the pure sea, may not
defile it.
66. Dî.] Oceanus and Tethys.
Annuerant.] Promised they would hinder
the Septentriones from descending into the
sea. The stars, on account of the elevation
of the pole above the horizon, seem not to
set : which gave rise to this poetic fiction.
Saturnia.] Juno, the daughter of Saturn.
67. Ingreditur.] Enters.
Liquidum.] Thin and clear.
Pavonibus pictis. ] Distinguished with va
rious colours. For Juno's chariot is said to
be drawn by peacocks.
68. Caso Argo. ] Argus being slain, his
eyes were placed by Juno in her peacock's
tail. Lib. I.
69. Quàm.] The raven formerly was white :
but when, by his information, Apollo came
to know his mistress Coronis was criminally
acquainted with a certain young man, he
slew her, and cut the boy Æsculapius out of
her womb : but afterward, repenting of
what he had done, he turned the raven, who
expected a reward for his information, from
white to black. .
70. Corve.] An apostrophe to the raven,
by which the poet intimates, that he deser
vedly suffered the punishment for his prat
ling.
71. Hæc.] This crow.
Niveis pennis.] With snowy plumes.
Argentea.] Silvered over.
72. Æquaret.] He equalled.
Labe . ] Spot.
73. Servaturis. ] By these words the poet
intimates, that the crow was turned black
before Rome was besieged by the Gauls.
76. Contrarius.] Black which is contrary
to white.
78. Hæmoniâ.] In Thessaly.
Placuit ] An apostrophe to Apollo, who
was called Delphicus of Delphos, where he
was worshipped, and gave oracles.
79. Inobservata.] Unobserved.
Ales.] Corvus having been made keeper
of Coronis by Apollo .
80. Adulterium.] The adultery of Coronis.
81. Exorabilis index.] An inexorable in
former, not to be prevailed upon by any in
He
treaties, to conceal what she had seen.
is called Index, who reveals a secret, indicium
M
 82 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. II.

tendebat iter ad dominum : Ad dominum tendebat iter : quem garrula motis

quem motis
quitur garrula Cornixut conse
pennis, scite Consequitur pennis, scitetur ut omnia, Cornix.
tur omnia. Auditâque cau- Auditâque viæ causâ, Non utile carpis,
sâ viæ, inquit, Non carpis Inquit, iter ; ne sperne meæ præsagia linguæ. 85
utile iter ; ne sperne præsa
gia meæ linguæ.
NOTES.

facit; and indicium is that discovery. There
is beside an Index of books, by which the
arguments of them are shewn. The fore
finger also is called Index, because we com
monly use that in pointing to any thing. A
stone on which we try the goodness of gold
(a touch-stone) is likewise called Index by
the Latins.
82. Dominum.] Apollo. 3
Tendebat.] Went.
Quem.] The Raven.
Garrula.] Our poet, who has so happy a
talent in connecting one fable with another,
introduces here the story of Cornix. This
princess formerly belonged to the train of
Minerva, who having taken up Ericthonius,
who sprang from Vulcan, delivered him, in
closed in a hamper, to her companions, Pan
drosos, Herse, and Aglauros, and gave them
a charge not to look into it ; but they disobey
ed the commands of the goddess, and found
a child in the hamper. Cornix informed Mi
nerva of their conduct, who, instead of re
warding her for the intelligence, banished
her immediately from her presence.
83. Scitetur.] That she may know.
85. Præsagia.] The predictions.

EXP. FAB. VI . & VII. Calisto, the daughter of Lycaon, was so fond of
the chace, that she frequently appeared habited in the skins of the beasts
she killed. Jupiter, the second king of Arcadia, falling in love with her,
is the foundation of this fable. The manner of her life gave occasion to
our poet to connect her with Diana, whose form Jupiter is made to put on,
to deceive her, and Juno in resentment changed her into a bear. On Ly
caon's first discovering this constellation, she is said to be his daughter.
Juno's request to Thetis, that it might be excluded the ocean, is from its
never descending beneath our horizon. Her son Arcas dying young, was
the occasion of his making the constellation of the little bear. The change
which the poet has made ravens undergo, figuratively expresses odium, in
which the ancients held the officiously busy.

FAB. VIII. CORONIS IN CORNICEM .

A virgin bearing the name of Coronis, the mistress of Apollo, is changed
into a Cow, for an indiscreet report she made to Minerva, whose favour
ite she was, concerning the basket in which Ericthonius was inclosed.

Vide que
sim, quid require
fuerim,meritum
que quid; QUID fuerim, quid simque, vide ; meritum
invenies fidem nocuisse. Nam que require ;
quodam tempore, Pallas clau- Invenies nocuisse fidem. Nam tempore quodam,
serat Ericthonium, prolem Pallas Ericthoníum, prolem sinè matre creatam,
creatam sinè matre, cistà tex- Clauserat Actæo textâ de vimine cistâ :
tâ de Actæo vimine : que de
derat servandam tribus vir- Virginibusque tribus a gemino de Cecrope natis
ginibus natis de gemino Ce
crope, a generoso Cecrope natis.
NOTES.
1. Fuerim.] For I was Minerva's compa 4. Actao vimine. ] Of an Attic twig. Vi
nion. men is a very pliable and bending twig, fit to
Quid simque.] Now being driven from bind with, as though vincimen.
Minerva's train, I am despised. 5. Tribus.] To Pandrosos, Herse, and Ag
3. Sinè matre.] For Ericthonius was pro lauros, the companions of Pallas.
duced from what fell on the earth from Gemino.] Of a double form, one half man
Vulcan, when he attempted the chastity of and the other half serpent.
Minerva. Natis.] To the daughters of Cecrops.
 FAB. VIII. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 83

Servandam dederat, sed enim inconfessa quid sed enim inconfessa quid esset ;
esset : dederat hanc legem, ne vide
6 rent sua secreta. Abdita levi
Hanc legem dederat, sua ne secreta viderent. fronde speculabar quid face
} Abdita fronde levi densâ speculabar ab ulmo, rent ab densâ ulmo. Duæ,
Quid facerent. Commissa duæ sinê fraude tu Pandrosos atque Herse, tuen
tur commissa sine fraude.
entur, (sorores 10 Una Aglauros vocat sorores
Pandrosos atque Herse. Timidas vocat una timidas, que diducit nodos
Aglauros ; nodosque manu diducit. At intùs manu. At intús vident infan
1
Infantemque vident, apporrectumque draconem. temque, apporre ctumque dra
韦 conem . Refero acta Deæ ;
Acta Dea refero ; pro quo mihi gratia talis pro quo talis gratia redditur
L Redditur, ut dicar tutelâ pulsa Minervæ ; 14 mihi, ut dicar pulsa tutelâ Mi
K Et ponar post noctis avem. Mea pœna volucres nervæ ; et ponar post avem
f Admonuisse potest ; nè voce pericula quærant. monuiss noctis. eMea pœna potest ad
volucres, nè quæ
At puto, non ultrò, nec quicq uam talerog antem , rant pericula voce. At puto
Me petiit. Ipsâ licet hoc a Pallade quæras : non petiit me ultrò, nec ro
gantem quicquam tale. Licet
Quamvis irata est : non hoc irata negabit . quæras hoc a Pallade ipsâ :
Nam me Phocaïcâ clarus tellure Coroneus 20 quamvis est irata : irata non
(Nota loquor) genuit ; fueramque ego regia virgo : negabit hoc. Nam Coroneus
Divitibusque procis ( nê me contemne ) petebar. clarus Phocaïca tellure genuit
Forma mihi nocuit. Nam dùm per littora lentis fueram me (loquor nota),: que
regia virgo ego
que pet
Passibus , ut soleo, summâ spatiarer arenâ, ebar divitibus procis (nè me
Vidit, et incaluit pelagi Deus. Utque precando 25 contemne ) Forma nocuit mihi.
Tempora cum blandis absumsit inania verbis ; Nam dùm spatiarer summâ a
Vim parat, et sequitur . Fugio, densumque renâ , lentis passibus per litto
ra, ut soleo, Deus pelagi vi
relinquo dit et incaluit. Utque absum
Littus, et in molli nequicquam lassor arenâ. sit inania tempora precando
cum blandis verbis ; parat
vim, et sequitur. Fugio que relinquo densum littus, et lassor nequicquam in molli arenâ.

NOTES.

6. Inconfessa quid esset.] But not saying
what it was.
7. Dederat servandam.] Had given it to
keep sc. Pallas.
Sua. ] sc. Of Pallas.- 8. Abdita. ] Hidden.
Speculabar.] I observed. Speculari is to
observe from a high place, and to see as
through a prospect-glass : from whence
they are called Speculatores, who look
through spying-glasses, or in war are sent
before the army to get intelligence. Specula
is a high place, from whence objects may
be seen at a great distance.
9. Commissa.] The hamper, which had
been committed to them.
Tuentur.] They guard.
11. Diducit nodos.] Unties the knots.
12. Infantemque. ] Ericthonius.
Apporrectumque draconem ] They seem
ed to see a dragon laid there, for Ericthoni
us had dragon's feet.
13. Acta.] The things done by the daugh
ter of Cecrops.
Dea ] To Pallas or Minerva.
Refero.] I relate, I declare.
Gratia.] Recompence .
14. Tutelâ.] From the protection.
Pulsa.] Driven, cast out.
15. Ponar, &c.] I should be placed after
the night-owl.
16. Voce. ] By prattling.
17. At puto.] Cornix obviates a tacit ob
jection : for it might be objected, you were
therefore repulsed, because you were never
acceptable to Minerva. She answers, that
she pleased Minerva so much, that she with
out any solicitation, appointed her to be
her companion.
20. Phocaïcâ.] Phocis is a country of
Greece, near Attica, from whence comes
Phocaïcus. - Claris. ] Famous, noble.
21. Regia virgo.] The daughter of a king,
22. Divitibus procis. ] By rich lovers.
Petebar.] I was sought for in marriage.
23. Forma.] My beauty.
Spatiarer.] I walked. Spatiari is to walk
for the sake of pleasure.
25. Incaluit ] Burned with the love of me.
Deus.] Neptune, the god of the sea.
Utque.] And after that.
26. Absumsit ] He spent.
27. Densum littus. ] The firm shore.
28. Lassor.] I tire myself in vain, for I
was not able to escape him.
84 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. 11.

Indè voco Deos, hominesque ; Indè Deos, hominesque voco; nec contigit ullum
nec mea vox contigit ullum Vox meamortalem. Mota est pro virgineVirgo,
mortalem . Virgo est mota
pro virgine que tulit auxilium. Auxiliumque tulit. Tendebam brachia cœlo : 31
Tendebam brachia cœlo : Brachia coeperunt levibus nigrescere pennis.
brachia cœperuntMolibar
levibus pennis. nigrescere Rejicere ex humeris vestem molibar ; at illa
re- Pluma erat ; inque cutem radices egerat imas.
jicere vestem ex humeris ; at
illa erat pluma, que egerat Plangere nuda meis conabar pectora palmis : 35
imas radices in cutem.
Co- Sed neque jam palmis, nec pectora nuda ge
nabar plangere nuda pectora rebam .
meis palmis, sed neque jam
gerebam palmis, nec nuda Currebam ; nec ut antè, pedes retinebat arena ;
pectora. Currebam : nec are- Et summâ tollebar humo. Mox acta per auras
na retinebat pedes ut ante ; Evehor, et data sum comes inculpata Minervæ.
et tollebar summâ humo. Mox
evehor acta per auras, et data Quid tamen hoc prodest, si diro facta volucris40
sum inculpata comes Miner- Crimine Nyctimene nostro successit honori ?
væ . Tamen quid hoc prodest, si Nyctimene, facta volucris diro crimine, successit nostre
honori?

NOTES.
30. Mortalem contigit. ] My voice reached
no mortal ear.
Pro virgine.] Me, Coronis.
Virgo.] The virgin Minerva.
31. Tendebam.] I stretched out.
Colo.] Toward heaven ; as, "It clamor
Cœlo."
32. Nigrescere.] To become black.
33. Rejicere ] To cast behind me.
Molibar.] I endeavoured.
Illa. My garment.
35. Plangere palmis. ]To beat with my hands.
57. Retinebat.] Detained.
38. Tollebar.] I was lifted up.
Acta.] Carried along.
59. Data sum comes inculpata.] I become
the faultless companion.
40. Quid tamen.] What does it profit me
to have been no way in fault ? or to have
been the companion of Minerva, when
Nyctimene is preferred before me, who
was changed into a night-bird, on account
of her incest with her own father ? Nycti
mene was the daughter of Nycteus, king
of Lesbos, who, being enamoured with her
father, privily supplanted his wife, for
which she was turned into a night-bird ;
and, being conscious of her horrid impiety,
avoids the sight of other birds.
Volucris.] The night-owl.
41. Crimine . ] Because of her incest with
her father.

EXP. FAB. VIII. Apollodorus relates that Ericthonius the son of Cranaë,
was born in Attica, that he dethroned Amphictyon, and was the fourth king
of Athens, 1531 years before Christ. The Fable, as wrought by Pindar
and Ovid, has its foundation, on his being exposed as soon as born, in the
temple of Minerva. He is said to form the constellation called the Wag
goner, and that the deformity in his legs occasioned his being supposed
half Man and half Serpent.

FAB. IX. NYCTIMENE IN NOCTUAM.

Nyctimene having entertained a criminal passion for her father Nycteus,

the Gods, as a punishment, transformed her into an Owl. And Apollo,
with an arrow, pierces the breast of Coronis, on an information given
him by the Raven, of her incontinency.

An res, quæ est notissima AN, quæ per totam res est notissima Lesbon ,
per totam Lesbon, non est
audita tibi? (sc.) Nyctimenen Non audita tibi est ? Patrium temerâsse
temerâsse patrium cubile ? cubile

NOTES.
1. Lesbon.] Lesbos is an island in the Patrium cubile ] Her father's bed
Egean sea. Temerâsse.] To have defiled.
2. Tibi.] By thee.
FAB. 1X. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 85

Nyctimenen ? Avis illa quidem ; sed conscia Illa quidem avis : sed conscia
(rem culpæ, fugit conspectum, lu
culpæ cemque, que celat pudorem
Conspectum, lucemque fugit, tenebrisque pudo- tenebris : et expellitur à cunc
Celat ; et à cunctis expellitur æthere toto. 5 tis toto æthere. Corvus ait,
dicenti talia, Ista talia revo
Talia dicenti, Tibi ait, revocamina, Corvus, camina sint malo tibi ! Nos
Sint precor ista malo ! Nos vanum spernimus spernimus vanum omen. Nec
omen. dimittit iter coeptum : que
Nec cœptum dimittit iter ; dominoque jacentem narrat domino vidisse Coro
Cum juvene Hæmonio vidisse Coronida narrat. nida jacentem cum juvene
Hæmonio. Laurea corona de
Laurea delapsa est audito crimine a amantis : 10 lapsa est ; et pariter vultusque
Et pariter vultusque Deo, plectrumque, colorque plectrumque, colorque, exci
Excidit. Utque animus tumidâ fervebat ab irâ ; dit Deo, audito crimine am
Arma assueta capit, flexumque à cornibus ar- antis. Utque animus ferve
bat ab tumida irâ ; capit as
cum sueta arma; que tendit arcum
Tendit : et illa suo toties cum pectore juncta flexum à cornibus : et traje
Indevitato trajecit pectore telo. 15 cit illa pectora toties juncta
cum suo indevitato telo.
Icta dedit gemitum, tractoque à vulnere ferro, Coronis icta dedit gemitum,
Candida Puniceo perfudit membra cruore : que ferro tracto â vulnere,
Et dixit, Potui pœnas tibi, Phœbe, dedisse : perfudit candida membra
Sed peperisse priûs. Duo nunc moriemur in unâ. Puniceo cruore : et dixit,
Phoebe, potui dedisse pœnas
Hactenus ; et pariter vitam cum sanguine fudit. tibi ; sed peperisse priùs .
Corpus inane animæ frigus letale secutum est. 21 Nunc duo moriemur in unâ.
Pœnitet heu ! serò pœnæ crudelis amantem . Hactenus locuta est ; et fudit
Seque, quòd audierit, quôd sic exarserit, odit. vitam pariter cum sanguine.
Letale frigus secutum est cor
Odit avem, per quam crimen, causamque dolendi pus inaneanimæ. Heu pœnitet
Scire coactus erat : c nervumque, arcumque, serò amantem crudelis pœ
manumque 25 næ. Que odit se, quod audie
Odit ; cumque manu, temeraria tela, sagittas. rit, quod sic exarserit. Odit
avem, per quam coactus est
scire crimen causamque dolendi : que odit nervum, arcumque, manumque ; que sagittas,
temeraria tela, cum manu.
a amanti . b rapit. c necnon arcumque, &c.

NOTES.

5. Cunctis.] By all birds : for they all per-
secute the owl.
Expellitur.] Is cast out.
6. Revocamina.] Presages.
7. Spernimus. ] We despise, we do not re
ceive.
Omen.] A presage, or augury.
8. Dimittit.] Leaves off : sc. Corvus.
Dominoque.] To Apollo.
9. Hæmonio. ] With a Thessalian, sc. Ischis :
for Thessaly is called Hæmonia.
10. Laurea.] A crown of laurel.
Amantis. ] Of his mistress Coronis, by
whom Apollo thought himself beloved.
11. Vultusque.] Chearfulness of counte
nance for the countenance changes accord
ing as the mind is affected, either with joy or
grief.- Deo.] To Apollo.
Plectrumque.] An instrument with which
a harp is played upon : so called άπò TOU
whyσsav, i. e. of striking.
Colorque.] His colour, which from ruddy
becamepale. Thisfrequently happens in the
countenance of an angry person.
12. Tumidâ.] From the effect, which
makes a man swell.- 14. Tendit.] He bends.
14. Indevitato.] Which can by no means
be avoided. Unerring.
16. Icta.] Coronis being wounded.
Dedit gemitum.] She groaned.
17. Puniceo cruore. ] Purple gore.
18. Potui, &c.] I might deservedly have
been punished by thee.
19. Duo.] I and the infant.
20. Hactenus.] Coronis having spoken
these things.
21. Inane ] Her body void of life.
Letale.] Deadly.
22. Serò.] Too late.
Amantem ] Apollo. who loved Coronis.
25. Sic exarserit.] Giving way to the vio
lence of his passion.
24. Avem ] The crow.
Crimen.] Coronis's lying with the Thes
salian youth.
Dolendi.] Of his resentment,
86 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. II.

Que fovet collapsam que ni- Collapsamque fovet : serâque ope vincere fata
titur vincere fata serâ ope ; et Nititur ; et medicas exercet inaniter artes.
exercet medicas artes inani
ter. Que postquàm sensit Quæpostquàm frustra tentata, rogumque parari
tentata frustra, rogumque Sensit, et arsuros supremis ignibus artus : 30
parari, et artus arsuros supre- Tum verò gemitus ( neque enim coelestia tingi
mis ignibus ; tum verò edidit
gemitus petitos de alto corde, Ora decet lacrymis ) alto de corde petitos
(neque enim decet cœlestia ora Edidit. Haud aliter, quàm cùm spectante juvencâ
tingi lacrymis. ) Haud aliter Lactentis vituli, dextrâ libratus ab aure,
quam cùm
malleus , juvenciab
libratus spectante,
dextra Tempora discussit claro cava malleus ictu. 35
aure discussit cava tempora Ut tamen ingratos in pectora fudit odores :
lactentis vituli claro ictu . Et dedit amplexus, injustaque justa peregit :
Tamen ut fudit ingratos Non tulit in cineres labi sua Phoebus eosdem
adores in pectora : et dedit Semina ; sed natum flammis, uteroque parentis
amplexus, que peregit injusta
justa: Phoebus non tulit sua Eripuit; geminique tulit Chironis in antrum.40
semina labi in eosdem cineres; Sperantemque sibi non falsæ præmia linguæ
sed eripuit natum flammis, Inter aves albas vetuit considere Corvum.
teroque parentis, que tulit
in antrum gemini Chironis. Que vetuit Corvum sperantem sibi præmia non falsæ linguæ,
considere inter albas aves.
NOTES.
27. Fata.] Her death. unjust funeral ceremonies. For Apollo then
28. Inaniter.] In vain. thought he had slain her wrongfully. Those
29. Rogumque.] A pile of wood to con- exequies are called justa, which are bestowed
sume the corpse of Coronis. on the dead, and so called, because they were
30. Supremis.] The last. done, jure, i. e. by right, to those, who, while
31. Edidit gemitus.] Apollo sighs.' they lived, deserved them.
Neque, &c. For it does not become the 38. Non tulit.] He did not suffer.
gods to weep. 39. Parentis.] Of the mother, Coronis.
32. De corde.] From the bottom of his 40. Chironis.] Chiron was the son of Sa
heart.- Petitos.] Fetched. turn by Phylira, the daughter of Oceanus,
33. Haud.] By this similitude he shews whom he deflowered in the shape of an
how grievously Apollo sighed. horse she bore Chiron the Centaur, who is
Juvencâ.] A young cow that has had a called geminus double, as his fore-part ap
calf- Libratus.] Poised. peared like a man, and his hind-part like a
Aure.] sc. Ofhim that strikes. It expresses horse .
the gesture of a butcher killing an hei 41. Non falsa. His faithful.
fer. 42. Albas.] Apollo turned the crow, which
37. Injustaque ] He made an end of the was white, black.

EXP. FAB. IX. Notwithstanding Ovid's obligation to history, yet we find

he relates many facts of which history is totally silent, viz. Nyctimene's
commerce with her Father, Coronis's transformation into a Crow, &c. are
no other than allegories to convey some moral truths, a method of convey
ing instruction much practised by the ancients, of which we have many in
stances both in profane and sacred history. We have already observed
on what slender foundations the poets have raised their fictions. All that
we can collect from history respecting Coronis and her commerce with
Apollo, or some priest of that God, is, that she gave birth to Esculapius,
and that she died in her labour. Coronis, the name of the nymph, is also
that of a crow, from whose egg it is said he was produced, and that he came
forth in the form of a Serpent, which, in our days, is a symbol of physical
knowge. Lucian's Dialogues.
# FAB. X. OCYROE IN EQUAM .
Ocyroë the daughter of Chiron the Centaur, presuming to predict future
events, tells her father the fate of young Esculapius : the Gods, for her
presumption, transforms her into a Mare.
 FAB. X. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 87

SEMIFER interea divinæ stirpis alumno IntereasemiferCentaurus.erat

Lætus erat; mistoque onerigaudebat honore. lætus alumno divinæ stirpis :
que gaudebat honore miste
Eccè venit rutilis humeros protecta capillis oneri. Ecce filià Centauri ve
Filia Centauri ; quam quondam nympha Chariclo, nit protecta humeros rutilis
Fluminis in rapidi ripis enixa, vocavit 5 capillis, quam nympha Cha
Ocyroën. Non hæc artes contenta paternas riclo quondam enixa in ripis
rapidi fluminis, vocavit Ocy
Edidicisse a fuit : Fatorum arcana canebat. roën. Hæc non fuit contenta
Ergo ubi fatidicos concepit mente furores, edidicisse paternas artes :
arcana Fatorum .
Incaluitque Deo, quem clausum pectore habebat ; canebat
Ergo ubi concepit fatidicos
Aspicit infantem, Totique salutifer orbi 10 furores mente, incaluitque
Cresce, puer, dixit : tibi se mortalia sæpe Deo, quem hahebat clausum
Corpora debebunt ; animas tibi reddere ademtas pectore; aspicit infantem, quae
Cresce
dixit,orbi puer, salutifer
Fas erit. Idque semel Dîs indignantibus ausus, toti : mortalia corpora
Posse dare hoc iterum flammâ prohibebere avitâ ; sæpe debebunt se tibi : erit
Eque Deo corpus fies exsangue ; Deusque 15 fas tibi reddere animas adem
tas. Que ausus id semel Dis
Qui modò corpus eras, et bis tua fata novabis.
indignantibus, prohibebere
Tu quoque, care pater, non jam mortalis et ævis avitâ flammâ, posse dare hoc
iterum ; que fies exsangue corpus è Deo ; Deusque qui modô eras corpus, et novabis tua
fata bis. Tu quoque, care pater, jam non mortalis,
a Addidicisse. bprohiberis.

NOTES.
1. Semifer.] Chiron, half man and half
beast.
Alumno.] To Æsculapius, the son of
Apollo.
3. Rutilis capillis,] With yellow hair.
Protecta humeros.] Having her shoulders
covered.
4. Filia.] Ocyroê, the daughter of this
Chiron. The Centaurs are a people of Thes
saly, near mount Pelion, who were the first
that tamed horses, and fought on horseback :
hence at a distance they were imagined to
be monsters, half man and half beast.
5. Rapidi fluminis.] Of the rapid Cacius.
6. Ocyroën.] So called, because she was
born on the banks of Caicus, a very rapid
riverof Mysia of us,swift, and for a stream.
7. Canebat.] She foretold : for canere is
sometimes taken for a prophecy, to foretel,
Virg.
" Sola mihi tales casus Cassandra canebat. "
But canere is properly to sing. Hence the
poets are said canere, because they were
wont to pronounce their verses in a singing
tone. Virg.
" Arma virumque cano. 39
Sometimes canere, signifies to preach or de
clare . Mart.
66
Quicquid fama canit, donat arena tibi. "
8. Fatidicos. ] The impulse of prophesying.
9. Deo. ] By a divine Spirit.
10. Infantem.] Esculapius. He isproperly
aninfant who has not begun to speak. Infans
is used for the young of brute beasts and
fowls. It is also sometimes used for an
idiot.
Salutifer.] Affording health to all men,
For Æsculapius was so skilled in medicine,
that he recalled Hippolytus from the grave
for which he was struck dead by a thunder
bolt from Jupiter ; but was afterward made
a god. Į
11. Dixit.] sc, Ocyroë.
12. Debebunt. ] Shall owe. Debeo is the
same as obligatus sum. It appertains to all
things, by which we are laid under obliga
tion.
Reddere.] To restore the souls that are
taken away.
13. Inque.] In the second place.
14. Avitâ flammâ.] By the thunderbolt
of his grandfather Jpiter.
15. Exsangue corpus.] A lifeless body.
Virg.
62
Corpusque exsangue "" sepulchro
" Reddidit Hectoreum
Exsangue is properly that which is without
blood, sometimes pale, because pale persons
seem to want blood, inasmuch as blood be
ing diffused to the outward parts, is the cause
of redness : on the contrary, when the blood
récedes, we suddenly grow pale, as in frights,
when the blood retires.
26. Et bis.] And thou shalt twice renew
thy life ; once being born of Apollo and
Coronis, and secondly from death, being tak
en up into heaven and made a god.
17. Quoque.] Ocyroë also prets the
death of Chiron her father.
Non mortalis. ] Immortal : for when he
was handling the arrows of Hercules, one of
them fell on his foot : frantic with the pain,
he prevailed with Jupiter, that though he
88 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. II.
creat
et creatus lege nascendi, ut Omnibus ut maneas, nascendi lege re dus :
maneas omnibus ævis ; tum Posse mori cupies tum, cum cruciabe iræ 19
cupies posse mori, cum cru
ciabere sanguine diræ serpen- Sanguine serpentis per saucia membra recepto :
tis, recepto per saucia mem- Teque ex æterno patientem Numina mortis
bra. Que numina efficient Efficient : triplicesque Deæ tua fila resolvent.
te patientem mortis ex æter- Restabat Fatis aliquid : suspirat ab imis
no ; Deæ resol
vent tua fila. Aliquid resta- Pectoribus, lacrymæque genis labuntur obortæ:
bat Fatis : suspirat ab imis Atque ita, Prævertunt, inquit, me Fata : ve
pectoribus, lacrymæque ob 25
ortæ labuntur genis, atque in torque
quit ita : Fata prævertunt Plura loqui ; vocisque meæ præcluditur usus.
me ; vetorque loqui plura : Non fuerant artes tanti, quæ Numinis iram
que usus meæ vocis precludi- Contraxêre mihi. Mallem nescisse futura.
tur. Artes, quæ contraxére
iram Numinis mihi, non Jam mihi subduci facies humana videtur : 29
fuerant tanti. Mallem nes- Jam cibus herba placet : Jam latis currere campis
cisse futura. Jam humana Impetus est : in equam, cognataque corpora
facies videtur subduci mihi :
vertor. (formis.
jam herba cibus placet : jam
impetus est currere latis cam Tota tamen quare ? Pater est mihi nempe bi
pis : vertor in equam et cog- Talia dicenti pars est extrema querelæ
nata corpora.
Tamen quare
tota ? Nempe biformis pater Intellecta
Mox nec parum ; confusaque
verba quidem verba fuêre.
, nec equæ sonus ille
est mihi. Extrema pars quere
læ est parûm intellecta dicenti videtur, (certos 36
talia : que verba fuere confusa. Sed simulantis equam : parvoque in tempore
Mox quidem nec verba, nec Edidit hinnitus : et brachia movit in herbas :
ille sonus videtur equæ, sed
simulantis equam, que edidit Tum digiti coëunt, et quinos alligat ungues
eertos kinnitus in parvo tem- Perpetuo cornu levis ungula : crescit et oris
pore : et movit brachia in herbas. Tum digiti coëunt, et levis ungula alligat quinos ungues,
perpetuo cornu : spatium et oris

NOTES.
was immortal, he might be permitted to
die. But he was afterward translated to
the stars, and obtained the name of Sagit
tarius . Whence Ovid in Fast.
"Nona dies aderat, cùm tu justissime Chiron,
Bis septem stellis corpore cinctus eras.'""
18. Ut.] Although.
20. Serpentis .] Of the Hydra, which was
slain by Hercules. Having dipt his arrows
in the blood of this monster, the wounds
they made were incurable,1
Saucia.] Wounded.
21. Ex æterno.] From an immortal being.
Patientem mortis. ] Mortal.
Numina.] The gods.
22. Triplicesque Deæ.] The destinies,
which are said te be three, Lachesis, Atro
pos, and Clotho. Lachesis is so called of
λaxavεiv, because she allots the ends ;
Atropos ἀπὸ του μὴ τρέπεσθαι , because the
fates are inevitable ; Clotho of nude ,
because she allots what every one shall un
dergo.
Resolvent.] The destinies are supposed to
spin the thread of every person's life.
23. Fatis.] In the secrets of the Fates
which Ocyroe had begun to relate,
25. Prævertunt.] Prevents me. For it was
decreed by the Fates, that he should be turn
ed into a mare.
26. Præcluditur.] Is intercepted.
27. Artes.] sc. Of predicting future things,
Tanti.] Were not to be esteemed or valued
so much by me, as to lose my human form
by the anger of the gods.
29. Subduci.] To be taken from me.
30. Latis campis. ] In the spacious fields.
31. Impetus.] I have a desire to run : a
Greek figure of speech.
Vertor.] I am changed.
32. Tota tamen quare ?] Why am I en
tirely transformed ?
Pater.] Chiron.
Biformis.] Is oftwo forms ; halfman, and
half horse. 1
34. Confusa.] Confused.
Verba.] Of Ocyroë.
37. Brachia.] Her arms changed into fore
fee
38. Coëunt.] Are joined together, unite.
59. Ungula., &c.] A hoof which fortifies
the feet of animals.
40. Perpetuo.] Continued.
 FAB. XI. METAMORPHOSEON. 89
1
Et colli spatium : longæ pars maxima pallæ 40 Et spatium colli crescit : max
da. pars
Cauda fit. Utquevagi crines per colla jacebant , ima Utquelongæ
vagipallæ
crines cau
fitjace
In dextras abiêre jubas : pariterque novata est bant per colla, abiêre in dex
Et vox, et facies. Nomen quoque monstra de tras jubas : pariterque, et vox
dêre. et facies est novata. Quoque
monstra dedêre illi novum no
men .
a ultima.

NOTES.
40. Pallæ.] Palla is a woman's garment. 42. In dextras jubas.] Into a right-side
41. Vagi.] Scattered. mane.-43. Nomen ] " ITTOs, i. e. a mare.
EXP. FAB. X. Chiron, the inventor of physic, had the care of Esculapius
given him. He was also a great astronomer and magician, and had the educa
tion of many ofthe heroes. A person of such accomplishments may well be
supposednotto haveneglected his daughter's talents, who, for her imprudence
in presuming onher knowledge to predict events, was turned into a Mare. This
perhaps has no other foundation thanher skill in riding, as her father was so ex
cellent an horseman, that he was called a Centaur, who is represented as half
Man and half Horse. The calendar, which Chiron has left us, is the first in
that way, and he is said to have lived about 1420 years before Christ, and
200 before the Trojan War.
FAB. XI. BATTUS IN SAXUM .
Mercury, when stealingthe Oxen of Apollo, was discovered by Battus whom
he engages to secrecy by a present ; but, doubting the fidelity of the shep
herd, he appears to him in another form, when by another present he
found he was not to be depended upon, and, for his treachery , the God
changes him into a Touch-stone.
FLEBAT, opemque tuam frustra Philyreïus Delphice, Philyreius heros
heros, flebat, que poscebat tuam o
pem frustra. Sed nec poteras
Delphice, poscebat. Sed nec rescindere magni rescindere
jussa magni Jovis,
Jussa Jovis poteras : nec, si rescindere posses, nec tunc aderas, si posses res
Tunc aderas : Elin, Messeniaque arva colebas . cindere : colebas Elin Messeni
Illud erat tempus, quo te pastoria pellis 5 aque arva. Illud erat tempus,
quopastoria pellis texit te : que
Texit; onusquefuita baculum sylvestresinistra : sylvestre baculum fuit onus
Alterius , dispar b septenis fistula cannis. sinistræ, fistula dispar septe
Dùmque amorest.curæ , dùmtetuafistulamulcet ; nis cannis alterius. Dùmque
amor est curæ, dùm tua fistula
Incustoditæ Pylios memorantur in agros
mulcet te, boves memorantur
processisse incustoditæ in Py
@baculus sylvestris olivæ : bè septem fistula cannis. lios agros.
NOTES.
2. Rescindere.] To change, to make void. "-Pallas, quas condidit arces,
Ter. " Mihi non videtur quod fit factum le 56' Ipsa colat
gibus rescindi posse.'." Testaments are pro Hence inhabitants are called cultores.
perly said rescindi, when they are cancelled Pastoria, &c.] At the time thou wast
and made void. cloathed with a shepherd's coat, made of
3. Jussa.] Commands. skins .
Jovis. ] Who changed Ocyroë into a 7. Alterius. ] In the left-hand for the
mare. staff was usually carried in the right.
4. Elin. ] Elis is a city of Peloponnese : so 7. Dispar.] Unequal. A pipe made of
called of Eleus, the son of Tantalus, or of seven unequal reeds. So Virg. Ecl. 2.
Eleus, the son of Neptune. " Est mihi, disparibus septem compacta
Messeniaque.] Messene was both a coun cicutis,
try and city of Peloponnese. " Fistula- "
Colebas.] Thou didst inhabit, Virg. 8. Mulcet.] Solaces, delights.
N
 90 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. 11.

Natus Marâ Atlantide videt Processisse boves. Videt has Atlantide Maiâ 10
has : et occultat abactas sylvis Natus ; et arte suâ sylvis occultat abactas.
suâ arte. Nemo senserat hoc
furtum, nisi senex notus in Senserat hoc furtum nemo, nisi notus in illo
illo rure ; tota vicinia voca- Rure senex ; Battum vicinia tota vocabant .
bant illum Battum. Hic cus- Divitis hic saltus, herbosaque pascua Nelei,
tos servabat saltus, herbosa Nobiliumque greges custos servabat equarum. 15
que pascua divitis Nelei, que Hunc timuit , blandàque manu seduxit : et, Eja,
greges nobilium equarum.
Timuit hunc, que seduxit Quisquis es, hospes ait ; si fortè armenta requiret
blandâ manu, et ait : Eja hos- Hæc aliquis, vidisse nega ; neu gratia facto
pes, quisquis es ; si aliquis Nulla rependatur, nitidam cape præmia vaccam.
forte requiret hæc armenta,
nega vidisse ; neu nulla gratia Et dedit. Acceptâ, voces has reddidit, Hospes 20
rependatur tibi pro hoc facto ; Tutus eas ; lapis iste priùs tua furta loquatur :
cape nitidam vaccam præmia. Et lapidem ostendit. Simulat Jove natus abire.
Et dedit . Acceptâ vaccâ, red- Mox redit : et, versâ pariter cum voce figurâ,
didit has voces, Hospes, eas
tutus ; iste lapis priùs loqua- Rustice, vidisti si quas hoc limite, dixit,
tur tua furta. et ostendit la- Ire boves ; fer opem : furtoque silentia deme . 25
pidem. Natus Jove simulat Juncta suo pretium dabitur tibi fœmina tauro.
abire. Redit mox, et versâ At senior , postquàm mercesgeminata , Sub illis
figurâ pariter cum voce ;
dixit, Rustice, si vidisti quas Montibus, inquit, erunt ; et erant sub montibus
boves ire hoc limite, fer o illis.
pem ; que deme silentia furto. Risit Atlantiades : et, Memihi, perfide, prodis ?
Fomina juncta suo tauro da
bitur pretium tibi. At senior Me mihi prodis? ait. Perjuraque pectora vertit
postquàm merces geminata, In durum silicem ; qui nunc quoque dicitur In
inquit, Erunt sub illis monti dex ; 31
bus ; et erant sub illis monti
bus ; Atlantiades risit, et ait, Inque nihil merito vetus est infamia saxo.
Perfide. prodis me mihi ? Pro
dis me mihi? Et vertit perjura pectora in durum silicem ; qui nunc quoque dicitur In
dex ; que est vetus infamia in saxo merito nihil.

NOTES

10. Boves.] The Cows.- Has.] sc. Boves.
11. Natus ] Mercury, the son of Maia.
Abactas.] Led away. Herds are properly
said abigi, when led away, or taken away by
stealth. Whence the stealers of cattle are
called abductores, which some call abigis.
12. Furtum.] The cows driven away by
Mercury.
14. Hic.] Battus.- Saltus.] The woods.
Herbosaque.] Full of grass.
Pascua ] Fields where cattle graze.
Nelie.] Neleus was the father of Nestor,
the king of Pylos.
16. Hunc.] Battus.
Timuit.] Mercury was afraid.
Seduxit.] He led aside. For seducere pro
perly signifies, to be led aside, to separate.
Ter. Post Pamphilus me solum seduxit foras.
It is also used for decipere, to deceive, to
beguile. Ter. Etiam nunc me seducere istis
dictis postulas.
18. Vidisse.] sc. Te. Say thou hast not
seen them,
Neu gratia, &c.] And that you may not
go without a reward.
20. Hospes.] Battus.
22. Simulat.] He makes a show of going
away.
Jove natus.] Mercury, the son of Jupiter
ard Maia.
23. Mox.] A little after.
Redit.] Mercury returns to Battus.
Versâ, &c. ] His shape and voice being
changed, that he might not be known.
27. Senior. ] Battus.
Geminata merce .] A double reward.
29. Atlantiades.] Mercury, the grandson
of Atlas by Maia.
Perfide.] Perfidious betrayer of thy trust !
50. Perjuraque pectora.] His perjured
breast.
Vertit.] He changed.
31. Index.] A stone on which we try the
goodness of gold and silver, which is called
Lydius lapis, a touch- stone.
32. Nihil merito.] Undeserving.
 FAB. XII . METAMORPHOSEΩN. 91

FAB, XII. MERCURIUS HERSEN AMAT.

Mercury falling in love with Herse, the daughter of Cecrops, would engage
Aglauros in his interest, in order to gain access to her sister ; which she de
clines, unless he would promise to reward her with a large sum ofmoney.
Caducifer sustulerat se hinc
HINC se sustulerat paribus Caducifer alis :
Munychiosque volans agros, gratamque paribus alis : que volans, de
Minervæ spectabat Munychios agros
que humum gratam Minervæ
Despectabat humum, cultique arbusta Lycæi . que arbusta culti Lycæi . For
te illâ die castæ puellæ, de
Illâ fortè die casta de more puellæ
more, portabant pura sacra
Vertice supposito festas in Palladis arces 5 coronatis canistris, vertice
Pura coronatis portabant sacra canistris. supposito, in festas arces Pal
Inde revertentes Deus aspicit ales ; iterque ladis. Deus ales aspicit re
Non agit in rectum ; sed in orbem curvat eundem. vertentes inde : que non agit
iter in rectum : sed curvat in
Ut volucris visis rapidissima Milvius extis, 9 eundemorbem. Ut Milvi
Dum timet, et densi circumstant sacra ministri, us rapidissima volucris extis
Flectitur in gyrum ; nec longiùs audet abire ; visis, dùm timet, et ministri
Spemque suam motis avidus circumvolat alis. densi circumstent sacra, flec
titur in gyrum : nec audet
Sic super Actæas agilis Cyllenius arces abire longiùs que avidus cir
Inclinat cursus : et easdem circinat auras. 14 cumvolat suam spem motis
Quanto splendidior, quam cætera sidera, fulget alis. Sic agilis Cyllenius in
clinat cursus super Actæas
Lucifer; et quanto te, Lucifer, aurea Phoebe ; arces et circinat easdem au
Tanto virginibus præstantior omnibus Herse ras. Quanto Lucifer fulget
Ibat : eratque decus pompæ , comitumque suarum , splendidior quàm cætera si
Obstupuit formâ Jove natus : et æthere pendens dera : et quanto aurea Pho
be splendidior te, Lucifer :
Tanto Herse ibat præstantior
omnibus virginibus : eratque decus pompæ, que suarum comitum. Natus Jove obstupuit
formâ et pendens æthere

NOTES.

1. Caducifer] Mercury, carrying a
wand, Caduceus, or Caduceum, is Mer
cury's wand, with which he puts an end to
jarrings and disagreements. Therefore by
this wand peace is typified : whence an he
rald, who demands peace, is called Cadu
ceator.
2. Munychiosque.] Athenian. Muny
chia is a promontory of Pyreus, a port of
the Athenians, so called from Munychus,
who there built a temple to Diana Munychia.
Minerva.] To Pallas. The land of At
tica was most acceptable to Pallas.
3. Despectabat.] He looked downward.
Humum.] The carth, the ground,
Arbusta.] Groves.
Lycei culti. ] Made polite by Aristote
lian disputations ; for Lycæum was a school
at Athens, where Aristotle used to lecture
on philosophy.
7. Indè.] From Pallas's Tower.
Deus.] Mercury.
9. Volucris.] By this similitude the poet
shews how Mercury flew round and round,
that he might the longer enjoy the sight of
his beloved Herse.
Milvius.] The kite, a bird of Prey,
which flies in a circular manner, when ho
vering over its prey.
10. Ministri.] The priests observing the
entrails of the sacrificed beasts.
11. Flectitur, &c.] He moves in an crb
or circuit.
13. Acteas arces.] The Athenian Towers ;
for Actaea is Attica, which is almost all a
shore ; for Axrn is a shore.
14. Inclinat. ] Bends his course.
Circinat.] Encompasses, goes about.
Circino is properly to make round, or to
describe with a pair of dividers— 15. Ful
get. ] Shines.
16. Phoebe.] The moon.
18. Decus. ] Glory.
19. Forma. ] At the beauty of Herse.
Jove natus.] Mercury.
Æthere ] In the ai
92 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. II.

exarsit non secùs, quàm cùm Non secùs exarsit, quàm cùm Balearica plum
Balearica funda jacit plum bum 20
bum : illud volat, et incan
descit eundo : et invenit ig. Funda jacit : volat illud, et incandescit eundo
nes, quos non habuit, sub nu- Et, quos non habuit, sub nubibus invenit ignes.
bibus. Vertit iter : que pe- Vertit iter : coloque petit diversa relicto ;
tit diversa cælo relicto : nec Nec se dissimulat : tanta est fiducia formæ. 24
dissimulat se, tanta fiducia est
formæ. Quæ quanquam est Quæ quanquam justa est ; curâ tamen adjuvat
justa : tamen adjuvat illam illam : . (deat aptè,
curâ permulcetque comas, Permulcetque comas, chlamydemque, ut pen
que collocat chlamydem, ut
pendeat aptè : ut limbus, to- Collocat : ut limbus, totumque appareat aurum :
tumque aurum appareat : ut Ut teres in dextrâ, quâ somnos ducit, et arcet,
teres virga sit in dextrâ quâ Virga sit : ut tersis niteant talaria plantis.
ducit et arcet somnos : ut ta- Pars secreta domûs, cbore, ettestudinecultos 30
laria niteant plantis tersis.
Secreta pars domûs habuit Tres habuit thalamos : quorum tu, Pandrose,
tres thalamos, cultos ebore et dextrum ,
testudine : quorum tu, Pan-
drose læ Aglauros lævum, medium possederat Herse.
vum, Herse possederat medi- Quæ tenuit lævum, venientem prima notavit
um. Quæ tenuit lævum, pri- Mercurium : nomenque Dei scitarierausa est, 34
ma notavit Mercurium veni- Et causam adventus. Cui sic respondit Atlantis
entem que ausa est scitarier
nomen Dei, et causam adven- Pleïonesque nepos : Ego sum, quijussa per auras
tùs. Cui nepos Atlantis Pleï- Verba patris porto. Pater est mihi Jupiter ipse.
onesque sic respondit : Ego Nec fingam causas : tu tantum fida sorori
sum qui porto jussa verba
patris per auras. Jupiter ipse est pater mihi . Nec fingam causas : tu tantûm velis esse
fida sorori.
NOTES.
20. Non secus.] He was no less enflamed may be all seen. Limbus is the fringe of a
with love. garment, reaching down to the feet.
Balearica.] Which the inhabitants of the 29. Virga.] The wand with which Mer
Balearic Isles use. Two islands lying near cury procures and drives away sleep. Teres
Spain are called the Baleares, and not far is long and round, such as is the form of a
distant one from the other, taking their Cylinder.
names from their space, majores & minores. Talaria. ] Mercury's winged shoes.
They are now commonly called Majorca Tersis plantis.] His neat feet.
and Minorca ; and they are called Baleares 30 Pars. He describes the inward part
ἀπὸ τοῦ βαλλειν, i. e . of throwing stones, of Cecrops' house, in which his daughter's
because the inhabitants of the Baleares bedchambers were.
were accounted expert slingers- Plumbum.] Secreta.] The innermost.
A leaden bullet. Domûs.] Of Cecrops ' house .- Ebore.]
21. Funda.] A sling. And hence those Ivory.
who fight with Slings are called Funditores. Testudine.] With tortoise-shell. Testu
Jacit. ] Throws. do is properly a shell fish, (or Tortoise. )
23. Vertit.] Mercury changes his course, taking its name from Testa, the shell where
from heaven to earth. with it is covered. Testudo is also a war
Coloque. ] Whither he had directed his like engine framed of boards ; also a mul
journey and flight. titude of soldiers in close order, with their
24. Nec se dissimulat. ] Nor does he con shields close together, to defend them from
ceal his being Mercury. the violence of the enemies stones and
Tanta &c.] So great confidence he had death. Testudo is also a musical instru
in his beauty. ment.
25. Illam.] His shape. 33. Tenuit lævum.] The left bed-cham
26. Permulcetque comas. ] He combs his ber, Aglauros's.
hair. 37. Jupiter.] Who is the king of gods
Chlamydemque.] He adjusts his mantle. and men.
Chlamys is properly a military garment 38. Fingam causas.] I will not invent
shorter than a cloak, which was worn over reasons for my coming.
the other garments . Fida.] Faithful.- Sorori.]- To Herse.
27. Limbus ] That the golden border
 FAB. XIII. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 93

> Esse velis, prolisque meæ matertera dici. que dici matertera meæ pro
lis. Herse causa viæ : ora
Herse causa viæ : faveas oramus amanti. 40
mus faveas amanti. Adspicit
Adspicit hunc oculis isdem, quibus abdita nuper hunc îsdem oculis, quibus
Viderat Aglauros flavæ secreta Minervæ : Aglauros nuper viderat abdi
Proque ministerio magni sibi ponderis aurum, ta secreta flava Minervæ :
Postulat : interea tectis excedere cogit, que postulat aurum magni
ponderis sibi pro ministerio :
Vertit ad hanc, torvi Dea bellica luminis orbem, interea cogit excedere tectis.
Et tanto penitùs traxit suspiria motu, 46 Bellica Dea vertit orbem tor
Ut pariter pectus, positamque in pectore forti vi luminis ad hanc, et traxit
suspiria penitùs tanto motu,
Ægida concuteret. Subit hanc arcana profanâ ut concuteret pectus, que
Detexisse manû tùm cùm sinèmatre creatam 49 pariter ægida positam in forti
Lemnicolæ stirpem, contrà data fœdera, vidit : pectore. Subit hanc detexisse
arcana profanâ manû contrà
Et gratamque Deo forejam, gratamque sorori : data foedera, tùm cùm vidit
Et ditem sumto, quod avara poposcerit, auro. stirpem Lemnicola creatam
sinè matre : et jam fore gra
tamque Deo gratamque sorori ; et ditem sumto auro, quod avara poposcerit.
NOTES.
59. Prolisque meæ.] Of my offspring. Profanâ.] Impious, wicked, irreligious, is
Matertera.] The Aunt. called profanum ; also such persons as are
41. Hunc. ] Mercury. not entered into holy orders are called pro
42. Secreta. Ericthonius, inclosed in a fani, who were driven from the temple and
hamper. sacred mysteries, as much as to say, procul
44. Interea, &c. ] Aglauros forces Mer à fano, i. e. from the temple . Virg.
cury to go out of doors, till he brings the " Procul ô procul este profani."
gold. 49. Detexisse.] To have opened.
45. Vertit.] Turns -Hanc.] Aglauros. Sine matre.] See Note 3, Fable VIII. 1
Torvi.] Fierce, stern, angry. 50. Lemnicolæ.] Ericthonius, the son of
Dea.] Pallas, who is also Bellona. Vulcan, who fell from heaven into the island
48. Ægida. ] Ægis an armour for the Lemnos. Lemnos is an island lying near
breast, made of brass, having a gorgon's Thrace.
head in the middle, which Pallas used to 51. Ingratamque.] To Mercury, on ac
wear . caunt of her asking for money.
Hanc.] Aglauros.

EXP. FAB. XII. Ovid who has so finely displayed his talents in this
Fable, had not more for its foundation, than that a prince, of the name of
Apollo, was enamoured with Herse, of whom her sister Aglauros became
very jealous.
FAB. XIII. INVIDIAM ADIT MINERVA. AGLAUROS IN SAXUM.

Envy, in obedience to the commands of Pallas, raises the jealousy of Ag

lauros against her sister Herse so high, that she obstinately opposes
Mercury's passage to her sister's apartment, for which the God, with a
touch of his Wand turns her into a Statue.

PROTINUS Invidiæ nigro squallentia tabo Protinùs petit tecta Invidiæ

Tecta petit. Domus est imis in vallibus antri squallentia nigro tabo. Do
mus est abdita in imis valli
bus antri,
NOTES.
1. Invidiæ.] First the poet describes the hatred, as envy is concealed : hatred is often
house of Envy, afterwards Envy herself, who open, and because hatred is supposed to arise
is painted in truly elegant and poetic colours. from some injury received from the person
Envy, as Cicero describes it, is an inward hated. ]- Nigro tabo.] With black gore.
concern for the prosperity of another, but Squallentia.] Filthy.
which does not appear in acts of violence 2. Domus.] The house of envy.
against the person envied. It differs from Antri.] Of a cave or den.
 94 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. II.

carens sole, non pervia ulli Abdita, sole carens, non ulli pervia vento :
vento ; tristis, et plenissima Tristis, et ignavi plenissima frigoris ; et quæ5
ignavi frigoris ; et quæ sem
per vacet igne, semper abun- Igue vacet semper, caligine semper abundet.
det caligine. Ubi metuenda Hùc ubi pervenit belli metuenda virago ; [ tectis
virago belli venit huc ; con- Constitit antè domum, (neque enim succedere
stitit ante domum (neque e- Fas habet) et postes extremâ cuspide pulsat .
nim habet fas succedere tec
tis) et pulsat postes extrema Concussæ patuêre fores : videt intùs edentem
cuspide. Fores concussæ pa- Vipereas carnes, vitiorum alimenta suorum, 10
tuêre : videt Invidiam intùs Invidiam : visâque oculos avertit. At illa
edentem vipereas carnes, ali
menta suorum vitiorum, vi- Surgit humo pigrâ, semesarumque relinquit
saque avertit oculos. At illa Corpora serpentum : passûque incedit inerti.
surgit humo pigrâ, que relin- Utque Deam vidit formâquearmisquedecoram ;
quit corpora semesarum ser
pentum : que incedit inerti Ingemuit : a vultumque ima ad suspiria duxit. 15
passû. Utquevidit Deam de- Pallor in ore sedet : macies in corpore toto :
coram formâque armisque, Nusquam recta acies : livent rubigin dentes,
ingemuit : que duxit ima sus- Pectora felle virent : lingua est suffusa veneno :
piria ad vultum. Pallor sedet
in ore : macies in toto corpo- Risus abest ; nisi quem visi movêre dolores.
re : acies nusquam recta : Nec fruitur somno, vigilaçibus excita curis : 20
dentes livent rubigine : pec- Sed videt ingratos, intabescitque videndo
tora virent felle lingua est Successus hominum : carpitque et carpitur unà:
suffusa veneno : risus abest,
nisi dolores visi movêre quem. Suppliciumque suum est. Quamvis tamen
Nec fruitur somno, excita vi oderat illam ;
gilacibus curis sed videt in- Talibus adfata est breviter Tritonia dictis.
gratos successus hominum ;
intabescitque videndo : car
pitque et carpitur unà : que est suum supplicium. Tamen quamvis Tritonia oderat illam ;
adfata est breviter talibus dictis.
a visusque decor suspiria duxît, vel, cultusque Deæ suspiria movit.

NOTES.

3. Abdita.] Hidden, secret. turned away ; for envious persons do not

4. Ignavi.] Slow, from the effect, as it
makes men sluggish and dull.
5. Caligine. ] With darkness.
6. Huc.] To this house of envy.
Metuenda. ] Pallas who is called by the
Latins Bellona, being dreadful in War.
7. Neque enim. ] sc. Palladi, who being a
Goddess, it was not lawful for her to enter
the house of Envy.
8. Extremâ cuspide.] With the end ofher
spear ; for Pallas is said to carry a spear.
9. Concussæ .] Being struck.
Patuére.] Are opened.
10. Vipereas carnes.] The flesh of vipers,
which are so called quod vi pariant, for they
are supposed to burst asunder when they
bring forth their young.
11. Visâque, &c.] Pallas turns away her
eyes from the hateful sight of Envy.
Illa.] Envy.
13. Corpora.] The flesh.
14. Deam.] Pallas.
Decoram.] Beautiful, comely.
15. Ima suspiria.] Deep sighs. For when
she beheld the chearful countenance of the
Goddess, Envy was grieved and sighed.
17. Acies nusquam recta.] Her eyes are
look straight forward, but askaunt. Acies
sometimes signifies the sight of the eyes,
sometimes the edge of a sickle, sword, and
the like ; also an army in order of battle ;
and sometimes the engagement and battle
itself. And by a metaphor it is also taken
for sharpness of wit.
Livent.] Are of a black colour.
18. Suffusa.] Besmeared, infected.
19. Quem. sc. Laughter . 7
Dolores.] Not of its own, but of other
peoples ; for envious persons rejoice at the
misfortunes, and grieve at the happiness of
others.- Movêre.] Have caused.
20. Nec, &c.] Nor can she. (sc. Envy)
sleep.
Excita ] Being roused, stimulated (pricked
forward, as it were with a goad. )
21. Ingratos.] Not acceptable, displeasing
to her. Intabescitque is consumed by little
and little.
22. Carpitque.] Torments.
Carpitur.] And is tormented.
25. Suppliciumque, &c.] And is her own
punishment ; according to the known pro
verb, Envy torments itself.- Illam, Envy.
 FAB. XIII. METAMORPHOSEON. 95

Infice tabe tuâ natarum Cecropis unam. 25 Infice unam natarum Cecropis
Sicopus est. Aglauros ea est. Haud plura locuta tuâ tabe. Sic opus est. ea est
Aglauros. Haud locuta plu
Fugit, et impressà tellurem reppulit hastâ. ra, fugit, et repulit tellurem
Illa Deam obliquo fugientem lumine cernens ; hast impressâ. Illa cernens
Murmura a parva dedit ; successurumque Minervæ Deam fugientem obliquo lu
Indoluit ; baculumque capit ; quod spinea totum mine, dedit parva murmura ;
que indoluit successurum Mi
Vincula cingebant ; adopertaque nubibus atris, 31 nervæ ; que capit baculum ;
Quâcunque ingreditur, florentia proterit arva, quod totum spinea vincuļa
Exuritque herbas, et summa cacumina carpit : cingebant : adopertaque atris
Afflatuque suo populosque, urbesque, demosque nubibus, quâcunque ingredi
tur proterit florentia arva,
Polluit, et tandem Tritonida conspicit arcem, exuritque herbas, et carpit
Ingeniis, opibusque, et festâ pace virentem. 36 summa cacumina que pol
Vixque tenet lacrymas, quia nil lacrymabile luit populos, urbesque, do
mosque suo afflatu, et tan
cernit.
dem conspicit Tritonida ar
Sed postquam thalamos intravit Cecrope nata ; cem, virentem ingeniis, opi
Jussa facit : pectusque manu ferrugine tinctâ 39 busque, et festâ pace. Vix
Tangit : et hamatis præcordia sentibus implet : que tenet lacrymas, quia cer
* nit nil lacrymabile. Sed post
Inspiratque nocens virus : piceumque per ossa quàm intravit thalamos na
Dissipat, et medio spargit pulmone venenum . tæ Cecrope, facit jussa, que
Neve mali spatium causæ per latius errent ; tangit pectus manu tincta fer
Germanam ante oculos, fortunatumque sororis44 rugine : et implet præcordia
hamatis sentibus : inspiratque
Conjugium , pulchrâque Deum sub imagine ponit : nocens virus : que dissipat
Cunctaque magna facit. Quibus irritata dolore piceum venenum per ossa, et
Cecropis occulto mordetur : et anxia nocte, spargit medio pulmone. Neve
causæ mali errent per latius
Anxia luce gemit ; lentâq ue miserr ima tabe spatium ; ponit germanam,
Liquitur, ut glacies incerto saucia sole. que fortunatum conjugium
sororis, que Deum sub pul
chra imagine ante oculos : que facit cuncta magna. Quibus Cecropis irritata, morde
tur occulto dolore ; et anxia nocte, anxia luce gemit ; que miserrima liquitur lentâ
tabe, ut glacies saucia incerto sole.
a rauca.
NOTES.
25. Infice.Infect -Tabe ] With thy Præcordia.] Præcordia are the veins lying
venom , near the heart, which are said to be the
Unam . ] Aglauros, the daughter of Ce seat of cares.
crops. 41. Virus.] Poison -Piceumque.] Black.
28. Illa. ] Envy. ] Deam. ] Pallas. 42. Dissipat.] Scatters.
Obliquo. ] With eyes askaunce (squinting) 43. Neve, &c. ] That the cause of her
such as envious persons behold the successes grief may not be far from her, she obliges
of others with.- Cernens. ] Beholding. her to have her sister's happiness always
29. Successuruinque. ] She was grieved before her, eying it with great pain and
that Minerva, (whose commands she wasjust torment.
now performing) should enjoy her desired 44. Germanam. ] Her sister Herse.
success. - 32. Proterit. ] She blasts. 45. Deum . ] Mercury.
55. Tritonida. ] The Citadel of Athens 47. Cecropis. ] Aglauros, the daughter of
was denied to Pallas. Cecrops. A patronymic noun ofthe feminine
56. Ingeniis, &c. ] This observation is gender.
made on account of the many excellent ar Mordetur.] Is tormented. For mordere
tificers, orators, and philosophers, in that is sometimes to affect (afflict) with grief.
city. " Cic. Valde me momorderunt epistolæ tuæ
Festâ pace. ] From the effect. For fest d: Atticâ nostrâ. It signifies properly to ,
vals are celebrated in the time of peace. bite ; also to calumniate, to injure.
Virentem.] Flourishing. 48. Anxia, &c. ] Anxious by night and
37. Tenet.] She holds in (refrains from.) by day. Lentâque tabe.] By a slow con
39. Jussa.] The orders of Pallas. sumption.
Ferrugine.] The rust of iron is called fer 49. Liquitur.] Melteth, just as snow is
rugo. consumed by the sun.
40. Hamatis sentibus.] Withjagged thorns, Incerto scle. ] By a weak degree of heat.
 396

LIB
.
II
.
P.
OVIDII

NASONIS
Que uritur bonis felicis Her- Felicisque bonis non secius uritur Herses, 50
ses, non secius quàm cùm ig- Quàm cùm spinosis ignis supponitur herbis ;
nis supponitur spinosis her
bis ; que neque dant flammis, Quæ neque dant flammas, lenique tepore cre
que cremantur lent tepore. mantur.
Sæpe voluit mori, ne videret Sæpe mori voluit, ne quicquam tale videret :
quicquam tale : sæpe narrare
. velut crimen rigido parenti. Sæpe velut crimen rigido narrare parenti .
Denique sedit in adverso li- Denique in adverso venientem limine sedit 55
mine exclusura venientem Exclusura Deum : cui blandimenta , precesque,
Deum : cui jactanti blandi- Verbaque jactanti mitissima, Desine, dixit :
menta, precesque, que mi
tissima verba, dixit, Desine : Hinc ego me non sum nisi te motura repulso.
Ego non sum motura mehinc Stemus, ait, pacto, velox Cyllenius, isto :
nisi te repulso. Velox Cyl- Calatasque fores virgâ patefecit. At illi 60
lenius ait, stemus ipso pacto :
que patefecît cælatas fores Surgere conanti partes, quascunque sedendo
virgâ. At partes, quascum- Flectimur , ignavâ nequeunt gravitate moveri.
que flectimur sedendo, ne- Illa quidem recto pugnat se attollere trunco :
queunt moveri ignavâ gravi- Sed genuum junctura riget, frigusque per a ungues
tate illi conanti surgere. Illa Labitur ; et pallent amisso sanguine venæ. 65
quidem pugnat attollere se
recto trunco ; sed junctura Utque malum latè solet immedicabile cancer
genuum riget, frigusque la- Serpere , et illæsas vitiatis addere partes :
bitur
pallentper ungues
sanguine ; et venæ
amisso. Ut- Sic letalis hyems paullatim in pectora venit ;
que cancer immedicabile ma- Vitalesque vias, et respiramina clausit.
lum solet serpere latè, et ad- Nec conata loqui est ; nec, si conata fuisset, 70
dere illæsas partes vitiatis : Vocis haberet iter : saxum jam colla tenebat ;
sic letalis hyems venit in pec
tora paullatim ; et clausit vi- Oraqueduruerant; signumqueexsangue sedebat.
tales vias, et respiramina. Nec lapis albus erat : sua mens infecerat illam.
Nec conata est loqui : nee ha
beret iter vocis, si fuisset conata : jam saxum tenebat colla ; oraque duruerant ; que sedebat
exsangue signum. Nee lapis erat albus ; sua invida mens infecerat illam.
a artus .

NOTES.
50. Uritur.] Is afflicted: vours.
52. Lenique tepore.] With a gentle heat. Recto trunco. ] With her body upright.
54. Parenti. ] To her severe father Ce Truncus is that part of the body which is
crops. between the neck and hips. $
56. Deum.] Mercury.- Cui.] To Mer 64. Junctura ] The joint or joining.
cury. Riget.] Became stiff and hard.
57. Jactanti.] Uttering in vain ; for jac Frigusque.] So in another place :
tare signifies to speak to no purpose . Virg. 66 Frigusque perambulat artus.” And,
"Talia jactanti." Sometimes to shew. " Occupat obsessos sudor mihi frigidus
59. Pacto isto.] To that agreement, that artus,
you do not stir from hence, unless I amturn 66 Perque meos artus frigida gutta fluit."
ed out of doors ; for as you can by no means 66. Cancer.] A disease corroding the bo
turn me out of doors, so you must always dy by little and little. Cancer is also a
remain here. An ironical concession. living creature ; also one of the twelve
Cyllenius.] Mercury, from Cyllene, a Signs of the Zodiac.
mountain of Arcadia. 68. Letalis.] A deadly (death-bringing)
60. Cælatasque.] Carved and painted, cold.
Patefecit.] Opened. 69. Respiramina, ] The respiration of the
Ill.] To Aglauros. He describes how lungs, the breath or passage of the spirit.
Aglauros was turned into a stone, being fixed 72. Signumque exsangue.] A statue with
to the threshold of the door, that she could out blood ; for Aglauros was turned into a
not stir. statue of stone.
65. Illa ] Aglauros.- Pugnat.] Endea 73. Infecerat. ] Had inflicted.
EXP. FAB . XIII. Minerva's visit to Envy is finely described by Ovid,
and must be considered as a continuation of the former fable. Pausanias
FAB. XIV. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 97

Herse and Aglauros, two ofthe daughters of Cecrops, who, being negligent
ofthe worship of Minerva, then just established at Athens, were punished.
with madness ; his third daughter, Pandrosos, who continued faithful, had
a temple erected to her memory, near that of the Goddess, which greatly
contributed to establish the reputation of Minerva. Their father reigned
1582 years before Christ, and 400 before the war of Troy.
FAB. XIV. JUPITER ET EUROPA.
Jupiter assumes the form of a Bull, the better to effect his designs upon
Europa, of whom he was enamoured, and swims with her on his back to
the island of Crete.

HAS ubi verborum pœnas mentisque profana Ubi Atlantiades cepit has
Cepit Atlantiades ; dictas à Pallade terras poenas verb rum, que profa
næ mentis ; linquit terras dic
Linquit, & ingreditur jactatis æthera pennis. tas à Pallade, & ingreditur
Sevocat huncgenitor ; nec causam fassus amoris. æthera jactatis pennis. Geni
Fide minister, ait, jussorum, nate, meorum, 5 tor Jupiter sevocat hunc ; nec
fassus causam amoris, ait,
Pelle moram, a solitoque celer delabere cursu ; Nate, fide minister meorum
Quæque tuam matrem tellus à parte sinistrâ jussorum , pelle moram, que
Suspicit ( indigenæ Sidonida nomine dicunt) celer delabere solito cursu :
Hanc pete : quodque procul montano gramine que pete hanc, quæ tellus
suspicit tuam matrem sinis
Armentum regale vides; ad littora verte. [pasci trâ parte (indigenæ vocant
Dixit ; & expulsi jamdudùm monte juvenci 11 Sidonida nomine :) que verte
Littora jussa petunt ; ubi magni filia regis ad littora regale armentum
quod vides pasci procúl mon
Ludere virginibus Tyriis comitata solebat. tano gramine. Dixit : & ju
Non bene conveniunt, nec in una sede morantur venci jamdudúm expulsi mon
Majestas & amor. Sceptri gravitate relictâ, 15 te petunt jussa littora ; ubi filia
Ille pater rectorque Deûm, cui dextra trisulcis magni regis solebat ludere
comitata Tyriis virginibus .
Ignibus armata est, qui nutu concutit orbem, Majestas & amor non bene con
Induitur tauri faciem ; mistusque juvencis veniunt, nec morantur in und
sede. Ille pater rectorque
Deorum gravitate sceptri relict , cui dextra armata est trisulcis ignibus, qui concutit or
bem nutu, induitur faciem tauri, mistusque juvencis
a subito.
NOTES.
I. Profanæ.] Void of religion. city of Phoenicia, near Sidon.
2. Atlantiades.] Mercury the grandson of 14. Non bene, &c. ] Majesty and love
Atlas and Maja. but ill agree, nor can long continue in the
Dictas.] Athens, so called, do Ty's same abode. He comprehends this sentence
'As i. e. of Pallas. in the XVIIth Epistle.
5. Jactatis pennis.] With moved wings. " Nunc male res junctæ calor & reverentia
4. Hunc.] Mercury. f pugnant :
Genitor.] Jupiter, the father of Mercu " Quîd sequar in dubio est, hæc decet, illa
ry. juvat."
6. Delabere.] Descend. 5. Sceptri, &c.] Having laid aside the
7. Tuam Matrem.] Phoenicia, on the left dignity of empire. Sceptrum, the ensign of
side towardthe north, lies under the Plei Royalty, is the staff on which kings lean
ades, one of which Maia is, who was Mer when standing. Sceptrum is so called aro
cury's mother. τοῦ σκήπίεσθαι, which signifies to stick to,
8. Suspicit.] Looks toward. Suspicere or lean upon.
sometimes signifies to admire. 16. Ille.] The poet describes Jupiter, q.
Indigenæ.] The natives. d. that mighty person, who is before all,
Sidonida. ] A city of Phoenicia. Whence and is the cause of all things.
Sidon itself is called Phoenicia. Trisulcis ] With thunderbolts, of which
11. Dixit.] sc. Jupiter. there are three effects, for they blast, cleave,
Jamdudum.] Lately. and burn. That is called Trisulcus, which
12. Filia.] Europa.- Regis.] Of Agenor , has three edges Virg.
15. Tyräs.] Tyre was called so of Ty 66 Lingu is micat ore trisulcis ,” '
tas the son of Phoenix ; it is an island and
0
98 . 2F. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. II.

mugit, & obambulat formo- Mugit, & in teneris formosus obambulat herbis,
sus in teneris herbis. Quippe Quippe color nivis est ; quam nec vestigia duri
color est nivis ; quam nec ves
tigia duri pedis calcavêre, Calcavêre pedis, nec solvit aquaticus Auster. 21
nec aquaticus Auster solvit. Colla toris extant : armis palearia pendent ;
Colla extant toris : palearia Cornua parva quidem ; sed quæ contendere
pendent armis : cornua qui
dem parva ; sed quæ possis possis
contendere facta manú, que Facta manû, purâque magis perlucida gemmâ.
magís perlucida purâ gemma. Nullæ in fronte mina ; nec formidabile lumen ;
Nullæ minæ in fronte ; nec Pacem vultus habet. Miratur Agenore nata, 26
lumen formidabile ; vultus
habet pacem . Nata Agenore Quôd tam formosus, quôd prælia nulla minetur.
miratur, quòd tam formosus, Sed quamvis mitem, metuit contingere primô ;
quòd minetur nulla prælia. Mox adit, & flores ad candida porrigit ora. 29
Sed metuit contingere primò Gaudet amans : & dûm veniat sperata voluptas,
quamvis mitem : mox adit,
& porrigit flores ad candida Oscula dat manibus. Vix ah ! vix cætera differt.
ora. Amans gaudet : &, dat Et nunc alludit, viridique exsultat in herbâ ;
oscula manibus dùm sperata Nunc latus in fulvis niveum deponit arenis.
voluptas veniat. Vix ah !
vix differt cætera. Et nunc Paulatimque metu demto, modô pectora præbet,
alludit, que exsultat in viridi Virginea 6 plaudenda manû, modô cornua sertis 35
herba, nunc deponit niveum Impedienda notis. Ausa est quoque regia virgo,
latus in fulvis arenis. Que
metu demto paulatim, modò Nescia quem premeret, tergo considere tauri.
præbet pectora plaudenda Tûm Deus â terra, siccoque â littore sensim
virgine manu, mod cor- Falsa pedum primis vestigia ponit in undis.
nua impedienda novis sertis. Indê abit ulterius, mediique peræquora ponti 40
Quoque regia virgo ausa est
considere tergo tauri, nescia Fert prædam. Pavet hæc ; littusque ablata re
quem premeret . Tùm Deus lictum
ponit sensim falsa vestigia pe- Respicit ; & dextrâ cornu tenet, altera dorso
dum à terrâ, que à sicco lit
tore in primis undis. Inde Imposita est ; tremulæ sinuantur flamine vestes.
abit ulteriùs, que fert prædam per æquora medii ponti. Hæc pavet : que ablata respicit
relictum littus : & tenet cornu dextra, altera imposita est dorso : tremulæ vestes sinuan
tur flamine.
a vara. b palpanda.

NOTES.

21 Solvit.] Dissolves.- Aquaticus.] Rainy. plants and flowers.

22. Colla, &c.] The Poet describes the
beautiful Bull whose form Jupiter had put on.
Toris.] With the protuberance ofhis mus
cles, an indication of strength. Virg.
66 Luxuriatque toris."
Armis.] From between his shoulders. Hu
meri properly is applied to men ; Armi to
beasts Palearia.] His dewlap.
25 Lumen.] His eyes.
26. Nata.] Europa, Agenor's daughter.
28. Contingere.] To touch.
30. D`m, &c.] Until he could enjoy the
hoped for pleasure of possessing his mistress.
32 Alludit. ] He wantons,
34. Modò.] Sometimes.
35. Palpanda .] To be stroaked .
Sertis.] With garlands of the leaves of
36. Impedienda.] To be bound, adorned.
38. Deus.] Jupiter, who had turned him
self into a bull ]-Sensim By little and little.
39. Falsa vestigia.] his deceitful foot-steps.
41. Pavet hæc.] Europa is afraid.
Ablata.] Carried away by Jupiter ; trans
formed into a bull.
42. Respicit.] She looks back, turns her
eyes to the shore -Altera.] The left hand,
Dorso.] on his back.
43. Sinuantur.] Are made crooked, bend
ed, swell into ; for sinuare is to bow or bend
into. Virg.
66 Sinuatque immensa volumine terga,”
Hence the laxities and creases between
the folds of garments are called sinus vestium,
Flamine.] By the wind.

EXP. FAB. XIV. This event of Jupiter's assuming the figure of a Bull,
in order to carry off Europa, is no other than that of Jupiter Asterius's,
 FAB. I. METAMORPHOSEON. 99

marrying the daughter of Cretus, and his settling in the island of Crete.
This historical fact gave rise to the beautiful fable so finely conducted by
Ovid ; Jupiter Asterius, having heard of the great beauty of Europa the
daughter of Agenor, king of Tyre, prepared a vessel for the purpose of
¦ bringing her away, either by force or surprise, if not to be effected by treaty.
The ship he sailed in had the head of a Bull ; this, with other circumstances,
was all that the Poet had to found this fiction, on which he has so admir
ably displayed his genius.

ह.ै P. OVIDII NASONIS

METAMORPHOSEON ,

LIBER III.

FAB . I, CADMUS EUROPAM A JOVĚ RAPTAM PERQUIRIT.

THE ARGUMENT.

Jupiter having carried off Europa, her father Agenor commands his Son to
go in search of his sister ; and either to bring her back, or never return
to Phoenicia. Cadmus, after a fruitless enquiry, consults the Oracle at
Delphi, which directs him to observe the place where a Cow should lie
down, and there to build a City, and call the Country Boeotia.

JAMQUE Deus, positâ fallacis imagine tauri, Jamque Deus, positî ima
Se confessus erat ; Dictæaque rura tenebat. bat gine fallacis tauri : que tene
Dictæa rura, confessus
Cùm pater ignarus , Cadmo perquirere raptam erat se. Cum pater ignarus
Imperat ; et pœnam, si non invenerit, addit filiam à Jove surreptam impe
Exilium ; facto pius, et sceleratus eódem. rat Cadmo perquirere rap
5 tam, & addit exilium pœnam,
si non invenerit ; pius & sceleratus côdem facto.

NOTES.

1. Deus. ] Jupiter. Tenebat.] Had reached.

Positâ.] Having laid aside. 3. Pater.] Agenor.
Fallacis. ] False or counterfeit. Ignarus.] Agenor knew not what was
2. Se confessus. ] Discovered himself to become of Europa.
be Jupiter. So Virg. Æn. 11. 5. Pius.] Agenor was pious in seeking
"Alma Venus confessa Deam, qualisque his daughter.
videri Cœlicolis , & quanta solet." Sceleratus.] But he was wicked in or
Dictæaque.] Cretensian. dering his son into exile,
100 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. II.

Agenorides profugus, orbe Orbe pererrato (quis enim deprendere possit .

pererrato , vitat patriamque Furta Jovis ? profugus patriamque, iramque pa
iramque parentis (quis enim
possit deprendere furta Jo rentis,
vis ?) que supplex consulit o- Vitat Agenorides : Phoebique oracula supplex
racula Phobi : & requirit Consulit; &, quæ sit tellus habitanda, requirit.
quæ tellus sit habitanda. Bos tibi, Phoebus ait, solis occurret in arvis, 10
Phoebus ait, Bos occurret
tibi in solis arvis, passa nul- Nullum passa jugum, curvique immunis aratri ;
lum jugum, que immunis cur- Hâc duce carpe vias ; &, quâ requieverit herbâ,
vi aratri ; carpe vias h c duce; Moenia fac condas ; Boeotiaque illa vocato.
& fac condas monia, quâ her
b. requieverit ; que vocato Vix benè Castalio Cadmus descenderat antro :
illa Boeotia. Cadmus vix be- Incustoditam lentè videt ire juvencam, 15
nè descenderat Castalion- Nullum servitii signum cervice gerentem .
tro videt juvencam ire lentè
incustoditam, gerentem nul- Subsequitur, pressoque legit vestigia gressu ;
lum signum servitii cervice. Autoremque viæ Phoebum taciturnus adorat.
Subsequitur, que legit vesti- Jam vada Cephisi, Panopesque evaserat arva,
gia presso gressu ; que taci- Bosstetit; & tollens a spatiosam cornibus altis 20
turnus adorat Phoebum auto
rem viæ. Jam evaserat vada Ad coelum frontem, mugitibus impulit auras.
Cephisi, que arva Panopes, Atque ita, respiciens comites sua terga sequentes,
sam stetit
bos ; &ad
frontem tollens
cœlum altis Procubuit, tenerâque latus submisit in herbâ.
spatio-
cornibus, impulit auras mu- Cadmus agit grates, peregrinæque oscula terræ
gitibus. Atque ita respiciens Figit : & ignotos montes, agrosque salutat.
comites sequentes sua terga, Sacra Jovi facturus erat; jubet ire ministros, 26
procubuit, que submisit la- Et
tus in tener herba. Cadmus petere é vivis libandas fontibus undas.
agit grates Apollini, que figit Sylva vetus stabat, nullâ violata securi.
oscula peregrinæ terræ, &
salutat ignotos montos, agrosque. Erat facturus sacra Jovi : jubet ministros ire, &
petere undas libandas è vivis fontibus. Vetus sylva stabat, violata nullâ securi,
a speciosam,

NOTES.

6. Orbe pererrato.] Having wandered 16. Servitii.] Of servitude. Having never

through the world. So Virg. Æn. II. saith.
" Magna pererrato statues quæ denique
ponto ."
7. Parentis.] Of his father Agenor.
8. Agenorides. ] Cadmus the son of Age
nor.
Oracula.] The oracle of Apollo . Virg.
" Suspensii Eurypylum scitatum
"" oracula
Phoebi Mittimus.
Oraculum is the answer of the Gods. Some
times it is put for a temple, where responses
are given, and sometimes for a sentence of
moment and importance.
10. Bos.] A heifer or young cow.
11. Immunis.] Free from, that never drew
the plough.
12. Hac.] The cow or heifer.
Carpe vias. ] Follow her steps.
13. Boeotiaque,] The country of Boeotia in
Greece was probably so called as Bids
which the poet here mentions. The Accu.
plural of Bootius, a, um, agreeing with illa
(mania.)- -Vocato.] Imperat. of voco.
14. Castalio.] The cave of the Delphic
Oracle. The muses are called Castalides,
from the Castalian spring between Delphos
and Parnassus,
borne the yoke .
17. Pressoque gressu.] Imprinted with
gentle steps : a slow pace.Legit.] He
follows.
Vestigia.] The cow's tract.
18. Cephisi.] A river of Boeotia.
Panopesque.] A city of Phocis. Panope
is also a sea goddess The gen. of Panope.
Evaserat. He had passed.
20. Stetit. ] She stood still.
21. Mugitibus impulit auras.] Filled the
air with lowings.
23. Comites. ] Cadmus and his companions,
who were following her.
23. Procubuit She couched down.
24. Agit grates.] Returns thanks to Apollo.
25 Figit oscula ] He kisses. So Virg. Æn.1.
C'm dabit amplexus, atque oscula dulcia
figet.
27. Libandas.] To be poured out, from
libo, as a Libation. In sacrifices they poured
out to the god, wine, milk, water, &c.
28. Sylva vetus, &c.] Ovid here describes
the wood, in which Cadmus's people met
the dragon- Nulla, &c.] Which never had
been felled,
FAB. II. METAMORPHOSEON. 101

Est specus in medio, virgis ac vimine densus, 29 Specus est in medio, densus
Efficiens humilem lapidum compagibus arcum ; virgis
milemacarcum compagibus
vimine, efficiens hu
la
Uberibus fœcundus aquis. Hôc conditus antro pidum ; fœcundas uberibus
Martius anguis erat, cristis præsignis et auro ; aquis. Martius anguis erat
conditus hoc antro, præsignis
Igne micant oculi ; corpus tumet omne veneno ;
Tresque vibrant lingua ; triplici stant ordine cristis
igne ; etomn
auro ; oculi micant
e corpus tumet
dentes. veneno : tresque linguæ vi
brant ; dentes stant triplici
ordine.

NOTES.
30. Humilem arcum.] A low arch. Cristis et auro.] For aureis cristis. Hen
52. Martius anguis. ] A martial serpent, dyadis.
dedicated to Mars. In Africa, they are to Præsignis. ] Adorned.
be met with sixty feet long. The ancients 33. Oculi, &c.] His eyes glare with fire.
have said wonderful things of them. Tumet.] Is puffed up.
Cristis.] With crests. 34. Tresque linguæ ] A triple tongue.
Triplici ordine. ] In a triple row.

FAB. II. DRACONEM INTERFICIT CADMUS, DENTES EJUS IN HOMINES.

Cadmus, having sent his companions to draw water from a fountain de

dicated to Mars, they are devoured by the Dragon that guards it. The
Prince impatient at their delay, goes to find out what occasioned it, and
kills the Monster ; Minerva advises him to sow the Teeth, when instantly
sprung up a number of armed Men, amongst whom he cast a stone ; on
this they quarrel among themselves, and are all killed except five, who
assist in the building of Thebes.
Quem lucum postquàm
QUEM postquam
fecti Tyriâ lucum de gente pro profecti de Tyriâ gente te
tigêre infausto pede ; que
Infausto tetigêre gradu ; dimissaque in undas urna demissa in undas dedit
Urna dedit sonitum ; longo caput extulit antro sonitum ; cæruleus serpens
extulit caput longo antro, que
Cæruleus serpens : horrendaque sibila misit.
Effluxêre a urnæ manibus ; sanguisque relinquit 5 misit horrenda sibila. Urnæ
effluxêre manibus ; sanguis
Corpus, et attonitos subitus tremor occupat artus. que relinquit corpus, et su
Ille volubilibus squamosos nexibus orbes bitus tremor occupat attoni
tos artus. Ille torquet squa
Torquet, et immensos saltu sinuatur in arcus : mosos orbes volubilibus nexi
Ac mediâ plùs parte leves erectus in auras bus et sinuatur in immensos
Despicit omne nemus : tantoque est corpore, arcus saltu : ac erectus in le
quanto, ves auras plùs media parte
despicit omne nemus ; que
est tanto corpore, quanto,
NOTES.
1. Tyria, &c. ] The Tyrians, the compa Urnæ.] A metonymy ; for the thing con
nions of Cadmus, who came from Phoenicia. taining is put for that which is contained.
2. Infausto.] Ill-fated. Sanguisque, &c.] They grew pale for
3. Urna.] A vessel to draw water out of fear of the dragon.-7 . Ille.] the dragon.
wells and rivers; it is by another name called Volubilibus nexibus.] In rolling knots.
Situla, a bucket. Urna among the ancients Obes.] The circle which serpents make
was also a vessel in which the votes of the with their tail.
judges were gathered, and in which the ashes 8. Saltu.] By a spring or leap.
of the dead, which had been burnt, were Sinuatur.] Is bent.- Arcus.] Circlės, spires.
preserved. And hence it is also taken for a 10. Despicit.] Looks down upon.
sepulchre. Tantoque, &c.] As big as that serpent
5. Effluxêre, &c.] The urns drop from which is between the twobearsin the Heavens,
their hands, through fear of the dragon, An Hyperbole.
98 . P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. II.

mugit, & obambulat formo- Mugit, & in teneris formosus obambulat herbis,
sus in teneris herbis. Quippe Quippe color nivis est ; quam nec vestigia duri
color est nivis ; quam nec ves
tigia duri pedis calcavêre, Calcavêre pedis, nec solvit aquaticus Auster. 21
nec aquaticus Auster solvit. Colla toris extant : armis palearia pendent ;
Colla extant toris : palearia Cornua a parva quidem ; sed quæ contendere
pendent armis : cornua qui
dem parva ; sed quæ possis possis
contendere facta manú, que Facta manû, purâque magis perlucida gemmâ.
magis perlucida purâ gemma. Nullæ in fronte mina ; nec formidabile lumen ;
Nullæ minæ in fronte ; nec Pacem vultus habet. Miratur Agenore nata, 26
lumen formidabile ; vultus
habet pacem. Nata Agenore Quôd tam formosus , quôd prælia nulla minetur,
miratur, quòd tam formosus, Sed quamvis mitem, metuit contingere primô ;
quòd minetur nulla prælia. Mox adit, & flores ad candida porrigit ora. 29
Sed metuit contingere primò
quamvis mitem : mox adit, Gaudet amans : & dûm veniat sperata voluptas,
& porrigit flores ad candida Oscula dat manibus. Vix ah ! vix cætera differt.
ora. Amans gaudet : &, dat Et nunc alludit, viridique exsultat in herbâ ;
oscula manibus dùm sperata Nunc latus in fulvis niveum deponit arenis.
voluptas veniat. Vix ah !
vix differt cætera. Et nunc Paulatimque metu demto, modô pectora præbet,
alludit, que exsultat in viridi Virgineā b6 plaudenda manû, modô cornua sertis 35
herba, nunc deponit niveum Impedienda notis. Ausa est quoque regia virgo,
latus in fulvis arenis. Que
considere tauri.
metu demto paulatim, modò Nescia quem premeret, tergo
præbet pectora plaudenda Tûm Deus â terra, siccoque â littore sensim
virgine manu, mod cor- Falsa pedum primis vestigia ponit in undis.
nua impedienda novis sertis. Indê abit ulterius, mediique peræquora ponti 40
Quoque regia virgo ausa est
considere tergo tauri, nescia Fert prædam. Pavet hæc ; littusque ablata re
quem premeret. Tùm Deus lictum
ponit sensim falsa vestigia pe- Respicit ; & dextrâ cornu tenet, altera dorso
dum à terrâ, que à siccoIndelit Imposita est ; tremulæ sinuantur flamine vestes.
tore in primis undis.
abit ulteriùs, que fert prædam per æquora medii ponti. Hæc pavet : que ablata respicit
relictum littus : & tenet cornu dextra, altera imposita est dorso : tremulæ vestes sinuan
tur flamine.
a vara. 6 palpanda. }

NOTES.

21 Solvit.] Dissolves.- Aquaticus.] Rainy. plants and flowers.

22. Colla, &c.] The Poet describes the
beautiful Bull whose form Jupiter had put on.
Toris.] With the protuberance of his mus
cles, an indication of strength. Virg.
66 Luxuriatque toris."
Armis.] From between his shoulders . Hu
meri properly is applied to men ; Armi to
beasts Palearia.] His dewlap.
25 Lumen.] His eyes.
26. Nata.] Europa, Agenor's daughter.
28. Contingere.] To touch.
30. D`m, &c.] Until he could enjoy the
hoped for pleasure of possessing his mistress.
32 Alludit. ] He wantons.
34. Modò.] Sometimes.
35. Palpanda .] To be stroaked.
Sertis.] With garlands of the leaves of
36. Impedienda.] To be bound, adorned.
38. Deus.] Jupiter, who had turned him
self into a bull ]-Sensim By little and little.
39. Falsa vestigia.] his deceitful foot-steps.
41. Pavet hæc.] Europa is afraid.
Ablata.] Carried away by Jupiter ; trans
formed into a bull.
42. Respicit.] She looks back, turns her
eyes to the shore - Altera.] The left hand.
Dorso. ] on his back.
43. Sinuantur.] Are made crooked, bend
ed, swell into ; for sinuare is to bow or bend
into. Virg.
66 Sinuatque immensa volumine terga,'39
Hence the laxities and creases between
the folds of garments are called sinus vestium.
Flamine.] By the wind.

EXP. FAB. XIV. This event of Jupiter's assuming the figure of a Bull,
in order to carry off Europa, is no other than that of Jupiter Asterius's,
 FAB. I METAMORPHOSEON. 99

marrying the daughter of Cretus, and his settling in the island of Crete.
This historical fact gave rise to the beautiful fable so finely conducted by
Ovid ; Jupiter Asterius, having heard of the great beauty of Europa the
daughter of Agenor, king of Tyre, prepared a vessel for the purpose of
bringing her away, either by force or surprise, if not to be effected by treaty.
The ship he sailed in had the head of a Bull ; this, with other circumstances,
was all that the Poet had to found this fiction, on which he has so admir
ably displayed his genius.

P. OVIDII NASONIS

METAMORPHOSEON,

LIBER III.

FAB . I. CADMUS EUROPAM À JOVÉ RAPTAM PERQUIRIT.

THE ARGUMENT.

Jupiter having carried off Europa, her father Agenor commands his Son to
go in search of his sister ; and either to bring her back, or never return
to Phoenicia. Cadmus, after a fruitless enquiry, consults the Oracle at
Delphi, which directs him to observe the place where a Cow should lie
down, and there to build a City, and call the Country Boeotia.

JAMQUE Deus, positâ fallacis imagine tauri, Jamque Deus, positî ima
Se confessus erat ; Dictæaque rura tenebat. gine fallacis tauri : que tene
bat Dictæa rura, confessus
Cùm pater ignarus, Cadmo perquirere raptam erat se. Cum pater ignarus
Imperat ; et pœnam, si non invenerit, addit filiam à Jove surreptam impe
Exilium ; facto pius, et sceleratus eódem . 5 rat Cadmo perquirere rap
tam, & addit exilium pœnam,
si non invenerit ; pius & sceleratus côdem facto.

NOTES.

1. Deus.] Jupiter. Tenebat.] Had reached.

Positâ.] Having laid aside. 3. Pater.] Agenor.
Fallacis. ] False or counterfeit. Ignarus.] Agenor knew not what was
2. Se confessus. ] Discovered himself to become of Europa.
be Jupiter. So Virg. Æn. 11. 5. Pius.] Agenor was pious in seeking
"Alma Venus confessa Deam, qualisque his daughter.
videri Coelicolis, & quanta solet." Sceleratus.] But he was wicked in or
Dictæaque .] Cretensian. dering his son into exile,
100 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. II.

Agenorides profugus, orbe Orbe pererrato (quis enim deprendere possit

pererrato , vitat patriamque Furta Jovis ? profugus patriamque, iramque pa
iramque parentis (quis enim
possit deprendere furta Jo rentis,
vis ?) que supplex consulit o- Vitat Agenorides : Phoebique oracula supplex
racula Phobi : & requirit Consulit ; & , quæ sit tellus habitanda, requirit.
quæ tellus sit habitanda, Bos tibi, Phoebus ait, solis occurretin arvis, 10
Phoebus ait, Bos occurret
tibi in solis arvis, passa nul- Nullum passa jugum, curvique immunis aratri ;
lum jugum, que immunis cur- Hâc duce carpe vias ; &, quâ requieverit herbâ,
vi aratri; carpe vias h c duce ; Moenia fac condas ; Boeotiaque illa vocato.
& fac condas monia, quâ her
b. requieverit ; que vocato Vix benè Castalio Cadmus descenderat antro :
illa Bœotia. Cadmus vix be- Incustoditam lentè videt ire juvencam, 15
nè descenderat Castalion- Nullum servitii signum cervice gerentem.
tro videt juvencam ire lentè
incustoditam, gerentem nul- Subsequitur, pressoque legit vestigia gressu ;
lum signum servitii cervice. Autoremque viæ Phoebum taciturnus adorat.
Subsequitur, que legit vesti- Jam vada Cephisi, Panopesque evaserat arva,
gia presso gressu ; que taci- Bosstetit ; & tollens a spatiosam cornibus altis 20
turnus adorat Phoebum auto
rem viæ. Jam evaserat vada Ad cœlum frontem , mugitibus impulit auras.
Cephisi, que arva Panopes, Atque ita, respiciens comites sua terga sequentes,
bos
sam stetit
frontem; &adtollens
cœlum altis Procubuit, tenerâque latus submisit in herbâ.
spatio-
cornibus, impulit auras mu- Cadmus agit grates, peregrinæque oscula terræ
gitibus. Atque ita respiciens Figit : & ignotos montes, agrosque salutat.
comites sequentes sua terga, Sacra Jovi facturus erat ; jubet ire ministros, 26
procubuit, que submisit la- Et petere é vivis libandas fontibus undas.
tus in tener herba. Cadmus
agit grates Apollini, que figit Sylva vetus stabat, nullâ violata securi.
oscula peregrinæ terræ, &
salutat ignotos montos, agrosque. Erat facturus sacra Jovi : jubet ministros ire, &
petere undas libandas è vivis fontibus. Vetus sylva stabat, violata nullâ securi,
a speciosam,

NOTES.
6. Orbe pererrato.] Having wandered
through the world. So Virg. Æn. II. saith,
" Magna pererrato statues quæ denique
ponto."
7. Parentis.] Of his father Agenor.
8. Agenorides.] Cadmus the son of Age
nor.
Oracula.] The oracle of Apollo . Virg.
" Suspensii Eurypylum scitatum
37 oracula
Phoebi Mittimus.
Oraculum is the answer of the Gods. Some
times it is put for a temple, where responses
are given, and sometimes for a sentence of
moment and importance .
10. Bos.] A heifer or young cow.
11. Immunis.] Free from, that never drew
the plough.
12. Hac.] The cow or heifer.
Carpe vias. ] Follow her steps.
13. Boeotiaque, ] The country of Boeotia in
Greece was probably so called To Ty's Bods
which the poet here mentions. The Accu.
plural of Bootius, a, um, agreeing with illa
(monia. ) Vocato.] Imperat. of voco.
14. Castalio.] The cave of the Delphic
Oracle. The muses are called Castalides,
from the Castalian spring between Delphos
and Parnassus,
16. Servitii.] Of servitude. Having never
borne the yoke.
17. Pressoque gressu.] Imprinted with
gentle steps : a slow pace. -Legit.] He
follows.
Vestigia.] The cow's tract.
18. Cephisi.] A river of Boeotia.
Panopesque.] A city of Phocis. Panope
is also a sea goddess The gen. of Panope.
Evaserat. He had passed.
20. Stetit.] She stood still.
21. Mugitibus impulit auras.] Filled the
air with lowings.
23. Comites. ] Cadmus and his companions,
who were following her.
23. Procubuit She couched down.
24. Agit grates.] Returns thanks to Apollo.
25 Figit oscula ] He kisses. So Virg. Æn. 1.
Cm dabit amplexus, atque oscula dulcia
figet.
27. Libandas.] To be poured out, from
libo, as a Libation. In sacrifices they poured
out to the god, wine, milk, water, &c.
28. Sylva vetus, &c. ] Ovid here describes
the wood, in which Cadmus's people met
the dragon- Nulla, &c.] Which never had
been felled,
FAB. II. METAMORFHOSEON. 101

Est specus in medio, virgis ac vimine densus, 29 Specus est in medio, densus
Efficiens humilem lapidum compagibus arcum ; virgis
milemac vimine,
arcum efficiens hu
compagibus la
Uberibus fœcundus aquis. Hôc conditus antro pidum ; fœcundas uberibus
Martius anguis erat, cristis præsignis et auro ; aquis. Martius anguis erat
Igne micant oculi ; corpus tumet omne veneno ; conditus hoc antro, præsignis
Tresque vibrant lingua ; triplici stant ordine cristis et auro ; oculi micant
igne ; omne corpus tumet
dentes. veneno : tresque linguæ vi
brant ; dentes stant triplici
ordine.
1
NOTES.
30. Humilem arcum.] A low arch. Cristis et auro.] For aureis cristis. Hen
52. Martius anguis.] A martial serpent, dyadis.
dedicated to Mars. In Africa, they are to Præsignis.] Adorned.
be met with sixty feet long. The ancients 33. Oculi, &c.] His eyes glare with fire.
have said wonderful things of them. Tumet.] Is puffed up.
Cristis.] With crests. 54. Tresque linguæ ] A triple tongue.
Triplici ordine. ] In a triple row.

FAB. II. DRACONEM INTERFICIT CADMUS, DENTES EJUS IN HOMINES.

Cadmus, having sent his companions to draw water from a fountain de
dicated to Mars, they are devoured by the Dragon that guards it. The
Prince impatient at their delay, goes to find out what occasioned it, and
kills the Monster ; Minerva advises him to sow the Teeth, when instantly
sprung up a number of armed Men, amongst whom he cast a stone ; on
this they quarrel among themselves, and are all killed except five, who
assist in the building of Thebes.

UEM postquàm Tyriâ lucum de gente pro Quem lucum postquàm

QUEM fecti profecti de Tyriâ gente te
tigêre infausto pede ; que
Infausto tetigêre gradu ; dimissaque in undas urna demissa in undas dedit
Urna dedit sonitum ; longo caput extulit antro sonitum ; cæruleus serpens
extulit caput longo antro, que
Cæruleus serpens : horrendaque sibila misit. misit horrenda sibila. Urnæ
Effluxêre a urnæ manibus ; sanguisque relinquit 5 effluxêre manibus ; sanguis
Corpus, et attonitos subitus tremoroccupat artus. que relinquit corpus, et su
Ille volubilibus squamosos nexibus orbes bitus tremor occupat attoni
tos artus. Ille torquet squa
Torquet, et immensos saltu sinuatur in arcus : mosos orbes volubilibus nexi
Ac mediâ plùs parte leves erectus in auras bus et sinuatur in immensos
Despicit omne nemus : tantoque est corpore, arcus saltu : ac erectus in le
quanto, ves auras plùs media parte
despicit omne nemus ; que
est tanto corpore, quanto,
NOTES.
1. Tyria, &c. ] The Tyrians, the compa Urnæ.] A metonymy ; for the thing con
nions of Cadmus, who came from Phoenicia. taining is put for that which is contained.
2. Infausto.] Ill-fated. Sanguisque, &c.] They grew pale for
3. Urna.] A vessel to draw water out of fear of the dragon.- 7. Ille.] the dragon .
wells and rivers; it is by another name called Volubilibus nexibus. ] In rolling knots.
Situla, a bucket. Urna among the ancients Obes.] The circle which serpents make
was also a vessel in which the votes of the with their tail.
judges were gathered, and in which the ashes 8. Saltu.] By a spring or leap.
of the dead, which had been burnt, were Sinuatur.] Is bent. - Arcus.] Circles, spires.
preserved. And hence it is also taken for a 10. Despicit.] Looks down upon.
sepulchre. Tantoque, &c.] As big as that serpent
5. Effluxêre, &c.] The urns drop from which isbetween the twobears in the Heavens,
their hands, through fear of the dragon, An Hyperbole.
102 1 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. 111.

Serpens, si spectes totum, qui Si totum spectes, geminas qui separat Arctos.
separat geminas Arctos. Nec Nec mora ; Phonicas (sive illi tela parabant,
mora: occupat Phoenicas (sive
illi parabant tela, sivè fugam, Sivè fugam, sivê ipse timor prohibebat utrumque)
sive timor ipse prohibebat ut- Occupat ; hos morsu, longis complexibus illos:
rumque) hos morsu, illos lon- Hos necat afflatos funesti tabe veneni. 15
gis complexibus : necat hos. Fecerat exiguas jam Sol altissimus umbras ;
affiatos tabe funesti veneni
Jam Sol altissimus fecerat exi- Quæ mora sit sociis,. miratur Agenore natus ;
guas umbras ; natus Agenore Vestigatque viros. Tegimen direpta leoni
miratur, quæ mora sit sociis ; Pellis erat ; telum splendenti lancea ferro,
vestigatque viros. Pellis direp
ta leoni erat tegimen ; lancea Et jaculum ; teloque animus præstantior omni.
splendenti ferro erat telum, Ut nemus intravit, letataque corpora vidit, 21
i corpor is ahoste m
et jaculum
tantior omni telo.animus
; que præs-
Ut intra- Tristiaemque
Victor sanguisupra spatios
neâ lambe ntem vulner linguâ ;
vit nemus, que videt letata
corpora, victoremque hostem Aut ultor vestræ, fidissima corpora, mortis,
spatiosi corporis suprà, lam- Aut comes, inquit, ero. Dixit : dextraque mo
bentem tristia vulnera san 4 larem 25
guineâ linguâ ; inquit, Fidis
sima corpora, aut ero ultor Sustulit a et magnum magno conamine misit.
vestræ mortis, aut comes. Dix- Illius impulsu cum turribus ardua celsis
it ; que sustulit molarem Monia mota forent : serpens sinè vulnere mansit.
dextrâ ; et misit magnum Loricæque modò squamis defensus et atræ
magno conamine .
monia cum suis turribus fo- Duritiâ pellis, validos cute reppulit ictus. 30
rent mota impulsu illius : ser- At non duritiâ jaculum quoque vincit eadem ;
pens mansit sine vulnere. Que Quod medio lentæ fixum curvamine spinæ
modò defensus squamis lori- Constitit :: et toto descendît in ilia ferro.
cæ, et duritiâ atræ pellis,
reppulit validos ictus cute. Ille dolore ferox caput in sua terga retorsit : 34
At non quoque vincit jacu- Vulneraque adspexit, fixumque hastile momordit.
lum eâdem duritiâ ; quod Idque ubi vi multâ partem labefecit in omnem,
constitit fixum medio curva
eripuit : ferrum tamen ossibus hæret,
mine lentæ spinæ : et descen Vix tergo
dit in ilia toto ferro. Ille
ferox dolore retorsit caput in sua terga : que adspexit vulnera, que momordit fixum hastile.
Que vix eripuit tergo, ubi labefecit in omnem partem multâ vi : tamen ferrum hæret in
ossibus.
a Et magno conamine misit in hostem.

NOTES.
11. Geminas Arctos.] The two bears.
12. Phoenicas.] The companions of Cad either I will avenge your death, or share
mus, sent to bring water.
13. Utrumque, &c.] Whether they were
preparing to fight or fly.
14. Occupat ] He seizes.
15. Funesti veneni.] Of his pestilential
breath.
16. Fecerat, &c.] A description of noon.
Exiguas. ] Short, i. e. it was noon.
Exiguas umbras.] At noon when the sun
casts little or no shadow, being almost
vertical.
17. Agenore natus.] Cadmus, the son of
Agenor.
18. Vestigatque.] Goes in search of them.
21. Letataque corpora.] The lifeless
bodies.
22. Spatiosi.] Vast, huge.
Hostem .] The Serpent, who had killed
the companions of Cadmus.
24. Aut, &c.] My faithful companions,
your fate.
25. Dixit.] Cadmus spoke.
Molarem.] A great stone, large enough
for the use of a mill : Hyperbole.
26. Magno conamine. ] With impetuous
force.
27. Illius. Of the mill-stone.
Impulsu.] With the throw.
28. Mota ] Shaken.
29. Loricæque, &c.] His scales defended
him, (modo lorios) like armour.
50. Validos ictus. ] The mighty stroke.
31. Vincit.] Repel.
32. Medio curvamine.] In the middle joint.
33. Ilia. The intestines, entrails.
34. Ille. The dragon.
36. Labefacit.] Loosened.
37. Ferrum.] The point of the dart stuck
fast in his bones.
 SEON
FAB. ii. METAMORPHO : 103

Tùm verò ; postquàm solitas accessit ad iras Tùm verò ; postquàm recens
Plaga recens, plenis tumuerunt guttura venis : plaga accessit ad solitas iras,
guttura tumuerunt plenis ve
Spumaquepestiferoscircumfluit albidarictus : 40 is : que albida spuma circum
Terraque rasa sonat squamis ; quique halitus exit fluit pestiferos rictus : terra
Ore niger Stygio, vitiatas inficit auras. que rasa squamis sonat ; que
Ipse modò immensum spiris facientibus orbem niger halitus qui exit Stygio
ore, inficit vitiatas auras. Ipse
Cingitur: interdùm longâ trabe rectior a exit. modo cingitur spiris facienti
Impete nunc vasto, ceu concitus imbribus amnis, bus immensum orbem : inter
Fertur, et obstantes proturbat pectore sylvas. 46 dum exit rectior longâ trabe.
Nunc fertur vasto impete, ceu
Cedit Agenorides paulùm : spolioque Leonis amnis concitus imbribus, et
Sustinet incursus ; instantiaque ora retardat proturbat obstantes sylvas
Cuspide prætentâ. Furit ille, et inania duro pectore. Agenorides cedit
Vulnera dat ferro : figitque in acumine dentes. paulùm : que sustinet incursus
spolio leonis ; que retardat in
Jamque venenifero sanguis manare palato 51 stantia ora prætentâ cuspide.
Coeperat, et virides aspergine tinxerat herbas : Ille furit et dat inania vulne
Sed leve vulnus erat : quia se retrahebat ab ictu ; ra duro ferro : figitque dentes
in acumine. Jamque sanguis
Læsaque colla dabat retrò ; plagamque sedere cœperat manare venenifero
Cedendo arcebat ; nec longiùs ire sinebat ; 55 palato, et tinxerat virides her
Donec Agenorides conjectum in gutture ferrum bas aspergine : sed vulnus erat
leve : quia retrahebat se ab
Usque sequens pressit : dùm retrò quercus eunti ictu ; que dabat læsa colla re
Obstitit ; et fixa est pariter cum robore cervix. tro ; que arcebat plagam se
Pondere serpentis curvata est arbor, et imæ dere cedendo, nec sinebat ire
Parte flagellari gemuit sua robora caudæ. 60 longiùs. Donec Agenorides,
usque sequens, pressit ferrum
Dùm spatium victor victi considerat hostis ; conjectum in gutture : dùm
Vox subitò audita est : (neque erat cognoscere quercus obstitit eunti retró ;
et cervix est fixa pariter cum
promtum robore. Arbor est curvata
Undè : sed audita est) Quid, Ageno re nate, per- pondere serpentis et gemuit
emtum sua robora flagellari parte ima
caudæ, dum victor considerat spatium victi hostis ; subitò vox est audita : (neque erat
promtum cognoscere undè : sed est audita) Nate Agenore, quid spectas peremtum
I a extat, b frangitque.

NOTES.
38. Accessit.] Was added.
Solitas ad iras.] His usual fierceness.
41. Albida spuma.] A white foam.
Pestiferos rictus. ] His venomed mouth .
For rictus is proper to beasts, as rostrum is
to birds.
42. Stygio ore .] His infernal mouth.
Inficit.] Infects .
6 43. Ipse.] The serpent sometimes winds
himselfinto round spires, and is contracted
into a large circle, sometimes extends him
self in full length . The poet elegantly re
presents the nature of a wounded serpent.
Spiris.] Spiræ are attributed to serpents,
when being contracted into a round form,
they as it were imitate circles.
Orbem. ] Depends on facientibus.
45. Vasto impete. ] With a mighty force.
Ceu.] After the manner of.
46. Fertur.] Rushed forward.
Proturbat. ] Bears down.
47. Agenorides. ] Cadmus, the son of Age
nor. Spolioque. With the skin.
49. Cuspide. ] The point of his spear be.
ing presented.- Ille.] The dragon.
50. Acumine. ] Upon the point.
51. Manare. ] To flow.
52. Aspergine.] With the sprinkling of
the blood.
54. Dabat retro ] He drew back.
Plagamque, &c.] By retreating still he
prevented (plagam) the wound, the wea
pon from settling, from resting in his throat.
55. Ire longiùs. ] To go deeper into his,
body.
57. Usque.] Still, continually,
Sequens.] Pursuing his spear.
58. Cum robore.] With the body ofthe tree.
59. Arbor. ] The oak.
60. Flagellari . ] Smitten and wounded.
Sua robora ] Its trunk.
61. Spatium. ] The magnitude.
Considerat. ] The present tense of consi
dero, as. -Hostis.] Of the conquered dragon.
62. Neque, &c.] And it was not easy to
know whence it proceeded.
104 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. Ill.

serpentem ? Et tu spectabere Serpentem spectas ? Et tu spectabere serpens.

serpens. Ille, pavidus diu, per- Ille, diu pavidus, pariter cum mente colorem 65
diderat colorem pariter cum
mente ; que comæ rigebant Perdiderat ; gelidoque comæ terrore rigebant.
gelido terrore. Ecce ! Pallas Ecce ! viri fautrix, superas delapsa per auras,
adest, fautrix viri, delapsa per Pallas adest ; motæque jubet supponere terræ
superasvipereos
ponere auras dentes, incre- Vipereos dentes, populi incrementa futuri.
menta futuri populi, mota Paret : et, ut presso sulcum patefecit aratro, 70
terræ. Paret : et ut patefecit Spargit humi jussos, mortalia semina, dentes.
sulcum presso aratro, spargit Indè ( fide majus) glebæ cœpêre moveri :
jussos dentes, mortalia semina,
humi. Inde (majus fide) gleba Primaque de sulcis acies apparuit hastæ.
cœpêre moveri ; primaque Tegmina mox capitum picto nutantia cono; 74
acies hasta apparuit de sulcis. Mox humeri pectusque, onerataque brachia telis
Mox tegmina capitum nutan Existunt : crescitque seges clypeata virorum.
tia picto cono ; mox humeri,
pectusque, que brachia oner. Sic ubi tolluntur festis aulæa theatris, • [tum :
ata telis, existunt : que clype- Surgere signa solent; primùmque ostendere vul
ata seges virorum crescit. Sic
ubi aulæa tolluntur festis the Cætera paulatim : placidoque educta tenore 79
atris, signa solent surgere ; que Tota patent ; imoque pedes in margine ponunt.
ostendere primùm vultum ; Territus hoste novo Cadmus capere arma parabat.
cætera paulatim : que tota pa- Ne cape ; de populo, quem terra creaverat , unus
tent, educta placido tenore : Exclamat ; nec te civilibus insere bellis.
que ponunt pedes in imo
margine . Cadmus territus ne- Atque ita terrigenis rigido defratribus unum 84
vo hoste parabat capere arma. Cominùs ense ferit ; jaculo cadit eminùs ipse.
Unus de populo, quem terra Hic quoque, qui leto dederat, non longius illo
creaverat, exclamat, Ne cape ;
nec insere te civilibus bellis. Vivit, et exspirat, modò quas acceperat, auras.
Atque ita cùm dixerat, ferit Exemploque pari fùrit omnis turba : suoque
unum de terrigenis fratribus Marte cadunt subiti per mutua vulnera fratres.
cominùs rigido ense ; ipse ca
dit eminùs jaculo misso. Quoque hic, qui dederat leto, non vivit longiùs illo, et exspirat
auras quas acceperat modò. Que omnis turba furit pari exemplo : que subiti fratres ca 1
dunt,per mutua vulnera suo Marte. 1

NOTES.

64. Spectabere serpens.] And so it hap lief,-Gleba.] The clods.

pened, for Cadmus and his wife Hermione,
wearied out with the miseries of his unhappy
family, left the city he had built, retired into
Illyricum, and were at their own requests
changed by the gods into serpents. See
Book IV. Fab. XV.
65. Ille.] Cadmus.
66. Rigebant ] Stood an end.
68. Terræ.] The Dat. depending upon
sub in supponere.
69. Vipereos dentes. ] The dragon's teeth.
Incrementa. The acc. in apposition with
dentes.
70, Sulcum. ] The furrow made by the
plough-share in ploughing.
71. Humi.] On the ground.
Semina mortalia. The seeds of men, not
of fruits, for armed men are supposed to
have sprung from those teeth.
72. Inde. ] After that.
Majus fide. ] Incredible, it exceeds all be
73. Primaque, &c. ] First of all their
spears appeared.
74. Tegmina capitum ] Helmets.
Picto cono.] With painted crests.
76. Existunt.] Appears above the earth.
77. Aulaa.] The curtain which separates
the stage from the spectators. In order to
perceive the beauty of this simile, it must
be observed the curtain, used in the Roman
theatre, was drawn from the ground, where
it sometimes lay, therefore the drawing it
up gradually, displayed such figures as were
painted thereon, in full proportion,
78. Signa.] The figures.
79. Placido tenore.] An even continuation.
83. Insere.] Intermeddle, interest yourself
in.
86. Leto dederat.] Had slain,
89. Marte ] Battle, Meton,
Subiti.] suddenly born,
L.
 FAB. III. METAMORPHOSEON . 105

Jamque brevis vitæ spatium sortita juventus 90 Jamque juventus, sortita spa
tium brevis vitæ, plargebant
Sanguineamtepido plangebant pectore matrem ; sanguineam matrem terram te
Quinquesuperstitibus, quorumfuit unus Echion . pido pectore ; quinque soluni
Is sua jecit humi monitu Tritonidis arma ; superstitibus, quorum unus
fuit Echion. Is jecit sua arma
• Fraternæque fidem pacis petiitque, deditque. humi monitu Tritonidis ; pe
Hos operis comites habuit Sidonius hospes ; 95 tiitque, deditque fidem frater
Cùm posuit jussam Phoebeis sortibus urbem. næ pacis . Sidonius hospes
habuit hos comites operis ;
cùm posuit jussam urbem Phobeis sortibus,
NOTES.
91. Plangebant. ] They smote. 93. Is.] Echion .
Matrem.] The earth is the common parent Monitu Tritonidis.] When the poets say
of all things, but more peculiarly of these that a mortal acted by the advice of Pallas, it
brethren. meaneth, that he was moved by his own
92. Superstitibus. ] Remained ; for all those good sense.
armed men fell by the hand of one another, 95. Sidonius hospes.] The Sidonian stran
except these fiye, Idæus, Chthonius, Pelorus, ger, Cadmus. Sidon, a city in Phoenicia,
Hyperenor, and Echion, who were Cadmus's whence comes Sidonius.
companions in founding the city. And these x 96. Jussam urbem.] sc. Thebes of Boeotia
were also called Tapтоi, i. e. sown, of Phoebeis sortibus.] By the oracle of Apollo
σπείρω , to sow .

EXP, FAB. I. & II . In the first Book we are made acquainted in what
manner Agenor lost his daughter, and theinjunction he laid on his sons, who,
not being able to recover their sister from the king of Crete, would not return
to their father. Cadmus settled in Baotia, Cilix in Cilicia, and Phoenix in
Africa. What the poet relates of Cadmus, his companions, and the Dragon,
figuratively express the resistance they met in establishing themselves, and
the address he was master of, to gain some of the inhabitants to his interest,
who assisted inbuilding Thebes. It was to the dragon that theGolden Fleece,
and the Apples of the Hesperides, &c. were given in charge, on account
of the quickness of his sight, and the dreadfulness of his appearance.

FAB. III. ACTEON IN CERVUM.

Acteon, The Grandson of Cadmus, being fatigued with Hunting, inadver

tently wandered to the Valley of Gargaphia, the usual Retreat of Diana,
when unfortunately he surprised the goddess bathing with her Nymphs ,
who in resentment transformed him into a Stag, in which shape he is
pursued by his own hounds and killed,

JAM stabant Thebe : poteras jam, Cadme, jamThebæ jam stabant ; Cadme
videri poteras videri felix exsi
lio; Marsque Venusque conti
Exsilio felix : soçeri tibi Marsque Venusque gerant soceri tibi. Adde hùc
Contigerant, Huc addegenus de conjuge tantâ, genus de tantâ conjuge.

NOTES,
1. Stabant. ] Was erected and built; Marsque.] For Cadmus had married Her
Cadme.] An apostrophe to Cadmus, by mione, the daughter of Mars and Venus
which the poet connects the following fables. Others call her the daughter of Menelaus.
2. Exsilio.] For he had been banished by and Helena.
his father. Soceri, &c,] For his wife Her 3. Genus.] The Progeny.
mione, was their daughter, De tanta conjuge.] So great a spouse, i
P
 106 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. II.

tot natos natasque, et nepotes Tot natos, natasque, et pignora cara nepotes.
cara pignora. Quoque jam hos Hos quoque jam juvenes : sed scilicet Ultima sem
juvenes sed scilicet Ultima
dies semper est expectanda ho- Expectanda dies homini est : dicique beatus [per 5
mini: que nemo debet dici bea- Ante obitum nemo, supremaque funera debet. 1
tus ante obitum, supremaquefu- Prima nepos inter tot res tibi, Cadme, secundas
nera. Cadme, nepos fuit pri- Causa fuit luctus : alienaque cornua fronti
ma causa luctûs tibi inter tot
secundas res : alienaque cor- Addita, vosque canes satiatæ sanguine herili. 10
nua addita fronti illius, vosque At bene si quæras ; fortunæ crimen in illo,
canes satiatæ herili sanguines. Non scelus invenies. Quod enim scelus error
At si quæras bene ; invenies habebat ?
crimen Fortunæ in illo nepote,
non scelus. Quod enim scelus Mons erat infectus variarum cæde ferarum :
error habebat ? Mons erat Jamque dies rerum medias contraxerat umbras,
infectus cæde variarum fera- Et Sol ex æquo metâ distabat utrâque ; 15
rum : jamque dies contraxerat
medias umbras rerum, et Sol Cùm juvenis placido per devia lustra vagantes
distabat ex æquo utrâquemetâ : Participes operum compellat Hyantius ore ;
cùm Hyantius juvenis com- Lina madent, comites, ferrumque cruore ferarum ;
pellat participes operum vag Fortunæque dies habuit satis. Altera lucem
antes per devia lustra, placido
ore : Comites, lina madent, Cùm croceis a invecta rotis Aurora reducet ; 20
ferrumque cruore ferarum : Propositum repetemus opus. Nunc Phoebus
dieshabuit satis fortunæ. Cûm utraque
altera Aurora invecta croceis Distat idem terrâ, finditque vaporibus arva :
rotis reducet lucem : repete
mus propositum opus. Nune Sistite opus præsens , nodosaque tollite lina.
Phoebus distat idem utrâque Jussa viri faciunt ; intermittuntque laborem.
terra, finditque arva vapori Vallis erat piceis, et acutâ densa cupressu ; 25
tollite nodosapræsens
bus : sistite lina. opus, que Nomine Gargaphie, succinctæ sacra Dianæ :
Viri faci
unt jussa : intermittuntque Cujus in extremo est antrum nemorale recesu,
laborem. Vallis erat densa piceis et acutâ cupressu ; Gargaphie nomine, sacra succincta
Dianæ. In extremo recessu cujus est nemorale antrum.
a evecta.

NOTES.

Pignora.] The Açcu. in opposition with flax of which nets are made, is put for the
nepotes, natos et natas, for they were pledges nets themselves.-Madent.] Are wet.
oflove, and of matrimony. Comites.] The vocative.
5. Jamjuvenes.] By this time grown up, 19. Fortunæ.] The genitive depending on
Adult. satis.
Ultima, &c.] This is the famous saying of 20. Croceis rotis.] With her saffron-col
the philosopher Solon to Croesus. Consult oured chariot. A part for the whole.
your dictionary for Solon and Crœsus. 21. Repetemus. ] sc. Cras To-morrow,
8, Prima causa.] The family of Cadmus, when the morning comes, we will return
after settling in Greece, proved extremely to our hunting.
unhappy. (See the explanation of this fable.) 22. Idem.] sc. spatium, i. e. It is now noon.
Nepos.] His grandson, Actæon. The accusat, agreeing with spatium under
9. Alienaque.] Not his own, viz. a stag's. stood and depending on the verb by the
10. Herili.] Of your master Actæon. preposition secundum.
11. Crimen Fortunæ. His wretched fate Vaporibus ] With the heat.
was occasioned by an accidental crime. For 25. Sistite.] Cease your present labour.
he happened to come upon Diana unawares, 24. Intermittuntque .] They leave their
and not by design.- Illo.] In Acteon. hunting till next day.
15. Cæde.] With the blood ; the antece 25. Vallis.] A description of the valley
dent is put for the consequent. where Diana and her companions used to
14. Contraxerat.] Had shortened. refresh themselves at noon.
15. Metâ utrâque.] From East to West. Acutâ.] Sharp pointed.
17. Compellat. From compello, as. 26. Succinctæ.] Nimble and active, be
Hyantius.] Theban. The IIyantes were cause Diana hunted with her garments tied
a people of Baotia. up.
18. Lina.] A metonymy. For Lina, the 27. Nemorale.] Thick shaded.
FAB. 111. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 107

Arte laboratum nullâ : simulaverat artem laboratum nullâ arte ; natura

simulaverat artem suo inge
Ingenio natura suo : nam pumice vivo, nio ; nam duxerat nativum ar
Et levibus tophis, nativum duxerat arcum. 30 cum vivo pumice et levibus
Fons sonat à dextrâ tenui perlucidus undâ, tophis. Perlucidus fons sonat
Margine gramineo patulos incinctus hiatus. à dextrâ, tenui undà, incinc
tus patulos hiatus gramineo
Hic Dea sylvarum yenatu fessa solebat margine. Hic Dea sylvarum,
Virgineos artus liquido perfundere rore. 34 fessa venatu, solebat perfun
Quo postquam subiit , Nympharum tradidit uni dere virgineos ,artus liquido
rore. Quo postquàm subiit ;
Armigera jaculum , pharetramque ; arcusque re- tradidit jaculum, pharetram
Altera depositæ subjecit brachia palla : [tentos. que, que retentos arcus uni
Vincla dua pedibus demunt ; nam doctior illis Nympharumarmigera. Altera
Ismenis Crocale sparsos per colla capillos subjecit brachia depositæ pal
læ duæ demunt vincla pedi❤
Colligit in nodum; quamvis erat ipsa solutis. 40 bus : nam Ismenis Crocale
Excipiunt laticem a Nipheleque, Hyaleque, doctior illis colligit capillos
Rhanisque, [nis. sparsos per colla in nodum ;
Et Psecas, et Phiale; funduntque capacibus ur- quamvis ipsa erat solutis. Ni
pheleque, Hyale ue, Rhanis
Dùmque ibi perluitur solitâ Titania lymphâ ; que, et Psecas, et Phiale
Eccè nepos Cadmi, dilatâ parte laborum, 44 excipiunt laticem fundunt
(Per nemus ignotum non certis passibus errans) que capacibus urnis. Dùm
que Titan a perluitur ibi soli
Pervenit in lucum : sic illum fata ferebant . ta lymphâ ecce nepos Cad
Qui simul intravit rorantia fontibus antra ; mi, parte laborum venationis
Sicut erant, viso nuda sua pectora Nymphæ dilata in posteram diem (errans
per ignotum nemus non certis
Percussêre viro : subitisque ululatibus omne passibus) pervenit in lucum :
Implevêre nemus, circunifusæque Dianam 50 sic fata ferebant illum. Qui
sim 1 intravit antra rorantia
fontibus ; Nymphæ sicut erant nudæ viro viso percussêre sua pectora : que implêvere omne
nemus subitis ululatibus, circumfusæque texêre Dianam.
a Nipheque.
NOTES.
29. Pumice.] A pumice stone is a light their employments.
porous stone, used in polishing. Nipheleque. ] Niphele may he very easily
80. Tophis. ] Sand stones. construed Lotrix, i. e. a wash-woman, of
Nativum.] Natural. Duxerat.] Had made. vilw, to wash.
31. Tenui undâ.] With a little water. Hyaleque.] As though clear, for jaños
32. Incinctus.] Encompassed. is glass.
Hiatus.] The opening or mouth of the Rhanisque.] Which sprinkles, of the verb
fountain. "
verb av , to sprinkle, to rain
33. Hic.] In this valley. 42. Psecas.] So called of a drop of dew
Dea sylvarum.] Diana. in Greek ExX5.
34. Perfundere. ] To bathe. Phiale.] This name seems to be borrowed of
Liquido rore.] In the crystal stream.
35. Quo.] Into which valley. ban, a glass vessel, or pot.
Subiit.] She entered. 43. Titania.] Diana.
36. Retentos.] Unstrung ; Particle from 44. Nepos Cadmi.] Acteon.
retendo, to unbend. Dilatâ parte laborum. ] From differo. Hay
37. Altera depositæ, &c.] Another takes ing deferred the finishing of his sport till
Diana's cloak. the next day.
38. Vincla ] Her Sandals. For vinclum 45. Nemus.] A wild forest, Lucus, agrove
signifies (quod vincit) whatever binds, or part of a forest, supposed by the ancients
39. Ismenis.] He describes the several to be the residence of some god or nymph.→→→
offices of the companions of Diana. Crocale, Non certis.] Uncertain, i. e, ashe was a stran
the daughter of Ismenus, a celebrated river ger, not knowing which way to bend his
in Boeotia. course in the forest.
40. Solutis.] Agrees with capillis under 47. Rorantia.] Dropping.
stood. 50. Circumfusæque . ] Encompassing. The
41. Laticem.] Water; of Latendo, because nymphs stood before Diana, that she might
it lies hid in the veins of the Earth. The not be seen naked,
names of these nymphs correspond with
 108 P. OVIDIÍ NASONIS LIB. III.

suis corporibus. Tamen Dea Corporibus texêre suis. Tamen altior illis
ipsa est altior que super- supereminet omnes
eminet omnesillis,
tenùs collo. Ipsa Dea est, colloque tenùs
Qui color solet esse nubibus Qui color infectis adversi Solis ab ictu +
infectis ab ictu adversi Solis; Nubibus esse solet ; aut purpureæ Aurora ;
aut purpurea Aurora ; is fuit Is fuit in vultu visæ sinè veste Dianæ. 55
in vultu Dianæ visæ sinè ves- Quæ, quanquam comitum turbâ stipata suarum ;
te. Quæ quanquàm stipata
turbâ suarum comitum : ta In latus obliquum tamen adstitit : oraque retrò
menadstitit in obliquum latus : Flexit : et ut vellet a promptas habuisse sagittas ;
que flexit ora retrò; et ut vel- Quas habuit, sic hausit aquas : vultumque virilem
let habuisse sagittas promptas : Perfudit : spargensque comas ultricibus undis, 60
sic bausit aquas, quas habuit : Addidit hæc cladis prænuntia verba futuræ :
que perfudit virilem vultum :
spargensque comas ultricibus Nunc tibi me posito visam velamine narres,
undis, addit hæc verba præ- Si poteris narrare, licet. Nec plura minata,
nuntia futura cladis : Nunc Dat sparso capiti vivacis cornua cervi : 64
narres me visam tibi velamine
posito, licet narrare, si pote- Dat spatium collo, summasque cacuminat aures :
ris. Nec minata plura, dat Cum pedibusque manus, cum longis brachia mu
cornua vivacis cervi sparso Cruribus : et velat maculoso vellere corpus. [ tat
capiti : dat spatium collo, que Additus et pavor est. Fugit Autoneïus heros :
cacuminat summas aures : que Et se tam celerem cursu miratur in ipso.
mutat manus cum pedibus,
brachia cum longis cruribus ; Ut vero solitis sua cornua vidit in undis, 70
1 et velat corpus maculoso vel- Memiserum ! dicturus erat : vox nulla secuta est.
lere. Et pavor est additus. Au- Ingemuit ; vox illa fuit ; lacrymæque per ora
toneïus heros fugit : et mira- Non sua fluxerunt. Mens tantùm pristina mansit.
tur se tam celerem in ipso cur
su . Ut verò vidit sua cornua Quid faciat ? Repetatne domum, et regalia tecta ?
in solitis undis, dicturus erat, An lateat sylvis ? Timor hoc, pudor impedit illud .
Me miserum! nulla vox secu
ta est. Ingemuit ; illa fuit
vox ; lacrymæque fluxerunt per ora non sua. Tantùm pristina mens mansit. Quid
faciat ? Repetatne domum et regalia tecta ? An lateat sylvis ? Timor impedit hoc, pu
dor illud. a positas.

NOTES.

Infectis.] Inficere is to tinge or dye, seen me naked.

whence Dyers are called Infectores.
Ictu.] By the rays.
56. Stipata.] Surrounded. Princes are
said stipari, who are encompassed with
guards for their safety ; also those who are
thronged with their friends or clients. Sti
pare is properly to thicken, to stop chinks,
to shut close up ; so called of stupa, tow,
used in stopping the seams in ships. Hence
they are called stipatores, who work or pre
pare tow. Yeomen of the guard, which at
tend on princes, are also so called .
57. In latus obliquum. ] i. e. Obliquo la
tere, obliquely.
59. Hausit. Diana took up water, and
sprinkled it upon Acteon's face.
61. Cladis futuræ.] Of his approaching
woe.
Prænuntia.] The Accu. agreeing with
verba.
62. Nunc & c.] Now, if it is in your
power, you may go and tell that you have
63. Si poteris.] As though she had said,
you never shall be able to tell.
64. Sparso capiti.] His head sprinkled
with water.
Vivacis.] For a stag, is a long lived animal.
65. Dat spatium collo.] She lengthens his
neck.
Cacuminat. ] She sharpens.
67. Maculoso. ] Spotted.
Vellere.] The Abla. of vellus.
68. Pavor.] A trembling fear, which is
proper to these creatures.
73. Non sua.] Not his own, but that of
a stag.
Pristina mens. ] His former understanding,
which our poet supposes to remain with all
those who were transformed, and which
greatly aggravated their punishment.
74. Repetatne. ] Whether he should return.
75. Timor.] sc. To lie hid in the woods.
Pudor. sc. To return home,
 FAB. III. METAMORPHOSEON. 109

Dum dubitat ; vidêré canes, primusque Me- Dùm dubitat ; canes vidêre
lampus, 76 primusque Melampus ; que
sagax Ichnobates dedêre sig
Ichnobatesque sagax latratu signa dedêre ; na latratu; Ichnobates Gno
Gnosius Ichnobates, Spartanâ gente Melampus. sius, Melampus Spartanâ gen
Indè ruunt alii rapidâ velociùs aurâ, [omhes : te. Inde alii ruunt velociùs
et
Pamphagus, et Dorceus, et Oribasus ; Arcades Dorceus, et Oribasus ; omnes
Nebrophonosque valens, et trux cum Lælape Arcades ; que valens Nebro
Theron ; 81 phonos, et trux Theron cum
Lælape ; et Pterelas utilis pe
Et pedibus Pterelas, et naribus utilis Agre, dibus, et Agre naribus, Hy
Hylæusque fero nuper percussus ab apro, læusque nuper percussus ab
Deque lupo concepta Nape, pecudesque secuta fero apro, que Nape concep
Pomenis, et natis comitata Harpyia duobus, 85 ta de lupo, que Pomenis se
cuta pecudes, et Harpyia co
Et substricta gerens Sicyonius ilia Ladon ; mitata duobus natis, et Sicy
Et Dromas, et Canache, Sticteque, et Tigris, et onius Ladon gerens substricta
Et niveis Leucon, et villis Asbolus atris, [ Alce, ilia ; et Dromas, et Canache,
Prævalidusque Lacon, et cursu fortis Aello, 89 Sticteque, et Tigris, et Alce,
et Leucon niveis villis, et As
Et Thous, et Cyprio velox cum fratre Lycisca : bolus atris, prævalidusque
Et nigram medio frontem distinctus ab albo Lacon ; et Aello fortis cursu,
Harpalos, et Melaneus, hirsutaque corpore et Thous, et velox Lycisca
Lachne : cum Cyprio fratre et Har
palos distinctus nigram fron
Et patre Dictæo, sed matre Laconide nati, tem ab medio albo, et Mela
Labros et Agriodos, et acutæ vocis Hylactor, neus. que Lachne hirsuta cor
pore et Labros et Agriodos,
nati Dictæo patre sed Laco
nide matre, et Hylactor acutæ vocis,
NOTES.
76. Melampus.] Black-foot, so called of 86. Substricta.] Drawn up, i. e. slender
μέλας black, and ποῦς ποδος, a foot . and fit for running.--Sicyonius.] This dog
77. Ichnobatesque. ] Tracer ; s takes his name from a river of Arcadia.
is a footstep or track, and Baive to go. is a87. Dromas. ] Runner ; for opduos
race.
Sagax.] Good-nosed, quick-scented.
78. Gnosius.] Cretensian. Gnosos is a Canache. ] Barker ; xava signi
renowned city of Crete. fies a noise.
80 Pamphagus.] Glutton : eating up all : Sticteque.] This bitch took her name
for a signifies all, and cay , I eat. from her variety of colours ; for orixin
Dorceus. ] Quick-sight ; for depxw signifies to be diversified with various spots,
is I see. of του στίζειν , to distinguish .
Oribasus. ] Ranger ; for cos is a Tigris.] Tiger : like a tiger, whieh is a
mountain, and Baw to ascend. very swift beast.
Alce.] Strong ; like an elk. A very swift
81. Nebrophonosque.] Kill-buck : vepos beast ; dx is strength .
is a hind or fawn, and covéw is to kill. 88. Leucon. ] White ; from his colour :
Lælape.] So called of swiftness in force : for
λευκὸς, white,
λαίλαψ λαίλαπος signifies a whirlwind . Asbolus. ] Soot : accoλos signifies soot.
Trux Theron.] Fierce Hunter, of
89. Lacon. ] From the country, because
Spaav, to trace, to hunt. he was of Laconia.
82. Pterelas utilis pedibus ] Swift-footed
Aëllo. ] Storm ; sλz signifies a
Wing ; for lav signifies a wing, and whirlwind.
Eλa to drive forward. 90. Thous .] Swift.
Naribus utilis Agre.] Quick-scented Cat Lycisca. ] Wolf. Lycisca is a diminutive
cher ; of apa, hunting. of Lupus, which in Greek is zúxoc.
83. Hylæusque. ] Woodger ; An 91. Et nigram, &c.] His face was black.
signifies a wood. with a white star.
84. Nape.] Forester : a lawn is called 92. Harpalos.] Snap : deπálw , I snatch.
νάπη . Melaneus.] Black- coat.
85. Pomenis. ] Shepherdess ; wou Lachne.] Thickness of hair is called
is a shepherd. λάχνη .
Harpyia.] Ravener like the harpies, 93. Dictao.] Cretensian.
which are most ravenous birds. 94. Labros.] Worrier
110 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. 111.

quosque mora est

turba feruntur Ea Quosque referre mora est. Ea turba cupidine
referre.præ
cupidine
prædæ 95
dæ per rupes, scopulosque,
que saxa carentia aditu, quá Per rupes scopulosque, adituque carentia saxa,
via difficilis, quâque est nulla Quâ via difficilis, quâque est via nulla, feruntur.
via. Ille fugit per loca quæ Ille fugit, per quæ fuerat loca sæpe secutus.
sæpe fuerat secutus. Hen, ip
se fugit suos famulos ! libe- Heu ! famulos fugit ipse suos ; clamare libebat,
bat clamare [Ego sum Actaeon: [ Actæon ego sum, dominum cognoscite vestrum :]
cognoscite vestrum domi- Verba animo desunt : resonat latratibus æther. 101
num : verba desunt animo : Prima Melanchætes in tergo vulnera fecit : [ mo.
æther resonat latratibus. Me- Proxima Theridamas ; Oresitrophus hæsit in ar
lanchætes fecit prima vulnera
in tergo : Theridamas proxi- Tardiùs exierant ; sed per compendia montis 104
ma, Oresitrophus hæsit in ar- Anticipatavia est. Dominum retinentibus illis,
mo. Exierant tardiùs ; sed Cætera turba coït, confertque in corpore dentes .
via est anticipata per compen- Jam loca vulneribus desunt . Gemit ille, so 3
dia montis. Cætera turba
coit illis retinentibus domi numque
num, que confert dentes in Etsi non hominis, quem non tamen edere possit
corpore. Jam loca desunt Cervus, habet, moestisque replet juga nota que
vulneribus. Ille gemit, que
habet sonum etsi non hominis, relis, 109
quem tamen cervus non pos- Et genibus pronis supplex, a similisque roganti,
sit edere : replet nota juga Circumfert tacitos, tanquam sua brachia, vultus.
moestis querelis, et supplex At comites rapidum solitis latratibus agmen
pronis genibus, similisque ro
ganti, circumfert tacitos vul- Ignari instigant, oculisque Actæona quærunt ;
tus tanquam uti solebat sua Et velut absentem certatim Actaona clamant.
brachia. At comites ignari Ad nomen caput ille refert : ut abesse queruntur,
instigant rapidum agmen so
litis latratibus, que quærunt Nec capere oblatæ segnem spectacula prædæ. 116
Actaona oculis ; et clamant Vellet abesse quidem ; sed adest : velletque videre,
Actæona certatim velut ab- Non etiam sentire, canum fera facta suorum. [ tris,
sentem . Ille refert caput ad Undique circumstant: mersisque in corpore ros
nomen : ut queruntur abesse, Dilacerant falsi dominum sub imagine cervi.
segnem nec capere spectacu
la oblat prædæ. Vellet qui
dem abesse ; sed adest : velletque videre, non etiam sentire fera facta suorum canum,
Circumstant undique : que dilacerant dominum sub imagine falsi cervi, rostris mersis
in corpore. a positis. b hortatibus,

NOTES.
Agriodos.] White-tooth ; ayλaos is bright,
and odos a tooth.
Hylactor.] Babble ; axlw signifies to
bark.
98. Ille.] Actæon ; who was now turned
into a stag.- Secutus ] sc. Canes suos.
102. Melanchætes.] Black-hair ; of
V
χαίτη , a mane.
105. Theridamas.] Kilham ; Spòs is a
beast, and daualw , I tame.
Oresitrophus.] Rover ; of ops, a moun
sain, and I nourish.
104. Compendia.] By a short cut over the
mountains.
105. Anticipata .] Shortened .
108. Quem, &c.] He had neither the
voice of a man, nor a stag.
109. Juga nota.] The mountains well
known to him, or the tops of the mountains,
over which he had oftentimes passed before,
Jugum often signifies the vertex or top of an
hill. Virg.
Dum juga montis aper, fluvios dum piscis
amabit.
110. Pronis.] Bent towards the earth.
111. Circumfert.] He moved his counte
nance about instead of his hands and arms,
which were turned into legs.
112. Comites.] Actæon's companions.
Latratibus.] With cries.
Agmen. The pack of dogs.
113. Instigant.] Encourage.
115. Ille.] Acteon.
Refert caput.] Turns his head as soon as
he heard his name mentioned.
119. In corpore.] In his flesh ;
Rostris.] Their teeth. Rostra are properly
spoken of birds : and by similitude also of
ships.
120. Falsi ] Supposed, not real.
Sub imagine.] Under the figure.
 FAB. IV. METAMORPHOSEON. 111

[Nec, nisi finitâ per plurima vulnera vitâ, 121 [ Nec ira pharetrata Dianæ
fertur satiata, nisi vitâ finit
Ira pharetratæ fertur satiata Dianæ.] per plurima vulnera.]
NOTE.
122. Pharetratæ.] Quiver-bearing.

EXP. FAB. III . Cadmus, notwithstanding his dexterity in establishing

himself, was unfortunate. The historian, like many others, brings in a
Deity to share in the adventure ; therefore is Juno introduced, who it is
said having great resentment to Europa, directed it against Cadmus and
his family, from the impossibility of getting Europa into her power. Our
poet has given us many instances of her anger ; but I shall confine myself
to what befel Actæon, the son of Autonoë, the daughter of Cadmus and
Aristeus, who taught the cultivation of the olive tree.
The reality of Acteon's misfortunes arose from his public contempt of
Diana ; and what is related to have befallen him is an episode frequently
used by the poets. Pride and Impiety were the occasion of his misfor
tunes, and he was expelled his kingdom, for opposing the ceremonies the
Greeks would have added to the worship of their god Bacchus.

To FAB. IV. JUNO IN ANUM,

# Semele's Intrigue with Jupiter had so much incensed Juno, that she as
sumes the appearance of Beroe, the better to enable her to raise suspi
cions in the breast of Semele, of the fidelity of her lover. Who not
I perceiving the Imposition, is led to press Jupiter, as a test of his love,
Ex to visit her in the splendour of his Deity.

RUMOR in ambiguo est ; aliis violentior æquo Rumor est in ambiguo ; Dea
Visa Dea est ; alii laudant, dignamque se visa estviolentior æquo aliis ;
alii laudant, que vocant dig
verâ nam severâ virginitate. Utra
Virginitate vocant. Pars invenit utraque causas. que pars invenit causas. Sola
Sola Jovis conjux non tam culpetne probetne 4 conjuxJovis non tam eloquitur
Eloquitur, quâm clade domûs ab Agenore ductæ culpetne probetné, quàm gau
det clade domùs ductæab Age
Gaudet : et â Tyriâ collectum pellice transfert nore : et transfert odium col
In generis socios odium. Subit eccè priori lectum à Tyriâ pellice in socios
Causa recens ; gravidamque dolet de semine magni generis. Eccè recens causa su
EsseJovis Semelen: tùm linguam adjurgia solvit . bit essepriori: quededolet
gravidam Semelen
semine mag
Profecia quid enim toties per jurgia, dixit : 10 ni Jovis : tùm solvit linguam
ad jurgia. Dixit, quid enim profeci toties per jurgia?
a Effeci.

NOTES.
1. Rumor, &c.] It was disputed whether
2
Diana had justly inflicted that punishment
upon Actæon. Many indeed say she was too
cruel , others say she did very well for the
1 preservation of her virginity.
Violentior.] More cruel.
Equo.] Than was meet, than she ought.
2. Dea.] Diana.
2. Invenit causas.] Produce arguments by
which either party defend their opinion.
4. Conjux Jovis. ] Juno.
Culpetne.] Whether or no she blames,
Probetne.] Or approves.
5. Non eloquitur. ] Does not own.
Tyriâ pellice.] From Europa, whom Jupi
ter stole out of Phoenicia. She is properly
called pellex, who has criminal conversation
with other women's husbands.
7. Subit.] Succeeds.
9. Semelen. ] The daughter of Cadmus and
Hermione, of whom Bacchus was begotten
by Jupiter.
Linguam ad jurgia solvit.] Gives loose to
her rage.
112 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. III.

Ipsa est petenda mili : si ritè Ipsa petenda mihi est ; ipsam, si maxima Juno
vocor maxima Juno, perdam Ritè vocor, perdam : si me gemmantia dextrâ
ipsam: si decet me teneregem
nantia sceptra dextrâ ; si sum Sceptra tenere decet ! si sum regina, Jovisque
regina, que soror et conjux Etsoror, et conjux. Certè soror. At puto a furto
Jovis. Certe soror. At puto Contentam ; et thalami brevis est injuria nostri. 15
Semelen esse contentam furto : Concipit ; id deerat : manifestaque crimina pleno
et injuria nostri thalami est
brevis. Concipit ; id unum Fert utero: et mater, quod vix mihi contigît uni,
deerat meo dedecori : que fert De Jove vult fieri. Tanta est fiducia formæ .
manifesta criminapleno utero: Fallat eam faxo : nec sim Saturnia, si non 19
et vult fieri mater de Joye,
quod vix contigit mihi uni. Ab Jove mersa suo Stygias penetrârit in undas.
Tant est fiducia formæ. Faxo Surgit ab his solio, fulvâque recondita nube
Jupiter fallat eam : nec sim , Limen adit Semeles. Nec nubes antè removit
Saturnia, si non mersa ab suo
Quam simulavit anum : posuitque ad tempora.
Jove penetrarit in Stygias
undas. Ab his surgit solio, canos.
que recondița fulvâ nube adit Sulcavitque cutem rugis et curva trementi
limen Semeles. Nec removit Membra tulit gressu ; vocem quoque fecit anilem.
nubes: antè quàm simulavit a- Ipsaque fit Beroë, Semeles Epidauria nutrix. 26
num posuitque canos ad tem
pora. Sulcavit que cutem ru Ergo ubi, captatå sermone, diuque loquendo,
gis : et tulit curva membra tre- Ad nomen venêre Jovis ; suspirat : et Optem
menti quoque
gressu ; Que
vocem anilem. fecit Jupiter ut sit, ait ; metuo tamen omnia. Multi
fit Berőe
ipsa, Epidauria nutrix Seme- Nomine Divorum thalamos cinière pudicos. 30
les. Ergo, ubi captato ser- Nec tamen esse & Jovem satis est : det pignus
mone, que loquendo diu, ven amoris, [altâ
ere ad nomen Jovis : suspirat : Si modò verus is est : quantusque, et qualis ab
et ait, Optem ut sit Jupiter ;
tamen metuo omnia. Multi Junone excipitur tantus, talisque, rogato
inière pudicos thalamos nomi- Det tibi complexus : suaque ante insignia sumat.
ne Divorum. Nec tamen est Talibus ignaram Juno Ĉadmeida dictis, 35
satis esse Jovem : det pignus
amoris, si modò is verus est : rogato det complexus tibi tantus talisque, quantusque et qualis
excipitur ab altâ Junone : que sumat sua insignia antè. Juno formârat ignaram Cadmeida
talibus dictis :
a furto est contenta. b sum. c subiere, d Jovis.

NOTES.
11. Ipsa.] Semele.
12. Perdam. ] I will put to death, I will
kill. Ter. Dii te perdant. Perdere is some
times to lose ; also to corrupt and debauch
with bad manners- Gemmantia.] Sparkling.
14. Soror.] Juno is the Air, and is called
the Sister, because the Air was produced
from the same seeds as the Heavens were ;
she is called the wife, because the Air is sub
jeet to Heaven.- Certe.] At least.
Soror.] This is spoken by Juno, as if she
ceased to be Jupiter's wife when he loved
other persons.
17 Quod vix mihi contigit uni.] Which
is an honour I can hardly claim.
19. Faxo. ] I'll bring it about, that Jupiter
shall deceive Semele.
Nee sim Saturnia.] Neither will I deserve
to be called the daughter of Saturn.
F 20. Mersa.] Destroyed.
Ab suo Jove. ] By her beloved Jove.
Si non penetrârit. ] If she descend not.
21. Ab his. ] After these sayings.
22. Limen.] The house.
23. Anum.] An old woman ; i. e, Beroë,
Semele's nurse. +
24. Sulcavitque. ] In another place.
" Jam venient rugæ, quæ tibi corpus arent."
And,
66 Jamque meos vultus
ruga senilis erat."
Rugis.] Ruga is a contraction of the skin
into a kind of furrows, as are commonly
seen in old men and women.
26. Epidauria ] Peloponnesian, in which
was the city of Epidaurus ; here was the
temple of Æsculapius.
32. Quantisque,] With as great Majesty
as when he embraces Juno, that he may
prove himself to be the true Jupiter.
34. Insignia.] The ensigns of his royalty,
by which he is distinguished from other
gods, viz. his thunderbolts.
35. Ignaram.] Unsuspecting.
Cadmeida.] Semele, the daughter of Cad
mus.
FAB. V. METAMORPHOSEΩN. 113

Formårat ; rogat illa Jovem sinè nomine munus. illa rogat Jovem munus sinè
Cui Deus, Elige, ait ; nullam patiêre repulsam . nomine. Cui Deus ait, Elige :
patiere nullam repulsam :
Quòque magis credas ; Stygii quoque conscia Quoque magis credas : Numi
sunto na Stygii torrentis sunto con
Numina torrentis. Timor, et Deus ille Deorum. scia Ille est timor, et Deus
Deorum . Semele læta malo,
Læta malo, nimiumque potens, perituraque a- nimiumque potens, que peri
mantis tura obsequio amantis, dixit,
Obsequio Semele, Qualem Saturnia, dixit, 41 Da te talem mihi, cùm initis
foedus Veneris, qualem Satur
Te solet amplecti, Veneris cùm fœdus initis ; nia solet amplecti te Deus
Da mihi te talem. Voluit Deus ora loquentis voluit opprimere ora loquen
Opprimere. Exierat jam vox properata sub auras. eis. Properata vox jam exi
erat ad auras,

NOTES.

36. Formârat.] Instructed.-Illa.] Semele their divinity. See above, in the Fable of
37. Deus.] Jupiter.- Nullam, &c. ] I will Phaeton.
not reject your petition. 40. Amantis.] sc. Jupiter.
38. Stygii ] The Stygian Lake. 44. Opprimere ora.] Stop her.
39. Timor.] The terror. The Gods (as Properata.] Hastily pronounced, for
Virgil says) are afraid to swear by the Sty " Nescit vox missa reverti.” Hor:
gian Lake, lest they should be deprived of

FAB. V. JUPITER AD SEMELEN, APPARAT U QUO SOLITUS EST APPARERE

JUNONI, VENIT. TIRESIAS IN FOEMINAM.

Jupiter, agreeable to his promise, visits Semele in the majesty of his divi
nity, when the lightning that surrounds him consumes her, and she dies,
as it were, in his arms ; however, Bacchus, of whom she is pregnant, is
preserved. A dispute having arisen between Jupiter and his Goddess,
respecting the pleasures of the sexes, it is referred to Tiresias.

INGEMUIT : neque enim non hæc optâsse, Ingemuit : neque enim illa
potest non optâsse hæc, neque
neque ille ille non jurâsse. Ergo mos
Non jurâsse potest . Ergo moestissimus altum tissimus conscendit altum æ
Æthera conscendit : nutuque sequentia traxit thera : que traxit sequentia
Nubila : quies nimbos, immistaque fulgura ventis nubila nutu : queis addidit
nimbos, que fulgura immista
5 ventis,
Addidit, et tonitrus ; et inevitabile fulmen . et tonitrus, et inevita
Quà tamen usque potest , vires sibi demere tentat . bile fulmen . Tamen usque
Nec, quo centimanum dejecerat igne Typhoea, quà potest tentat demere vires
Nunc armatur eo ; nimium feritatis in illo. sibi. Nec nunc armatur eo
igne, quo dejecerat centima
Est aliud levius fulmen ; cui dextra Cyclopum 9 num Typhoa : erat nimium
Sævitiæ, flammæque minùs, minùs addidit iræ : feritatis in illo. Est aliud
levius fulmen : cui dextra
Cyclopum addidit minùs sævitiæ, flammæque, minus iræ :
NOTES.

1. Ingemuit.] Jupiter. 7. Typhoea.] A vast giant, having an

Neque. ] It was impossible for Semele not hundred hands, whom Jupiter killed with a
to have asked, and Jupiter not to have grant thunderbolt.
ed what she asked.. -Hæc.] Semele. 8. Eo.] With that thunder and lightning.
Ille.] Jupiter. Feritatis.] Of fierceness.
6. Quà, &c.] Jupiter lessens his power as 9. Est, &c.] There is a thunder of a less
much as he could. severe quality,
Q
 114 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. III.

Superi vocant secunda tela. Tela secunda vocant Superi. Capit illa ; domum,
Capit illa : que intrat Ageno- Intrat Agenoream. Corpus mortale tumultus [ que
ream domum. Mortale cor- Non tulit æthereos ; donisque jugalibus arsit.
pus non tulit æthereos tumul
tus : que arsit jugalibus donis. Imperfectus adhuc infans genitricis ab alvo 14
Infans adhuc imperfectus eri- Eripitur, patrioque tener (si credere dignum)
pitur ab alvo genitricis, que Insuitur femori : maternaque tempora complet.
tener (si dignum est credere)
insuitur patrio femori : que Furtim illum primis Ino matertera cunis
complet materna tempora. Educat : indè datum Nymphæ Nyseïdes antris
Matertera Ino educat illum Occuluêre suis, lactisque alimenta dedêre.
furtim primis cunis , inde
Nyseïdes Nymphæ occuluêre Dumque ea per terras fatali lege geruntur ; 20
datum suis antris, que dedêre Tutaque bis geniti sunt incunabula Bacchi ;
alimenta lactis. " Dumque ea Fortè Jovem memorant diffusum nectare curas
geruntur per terras fatali Seposuisse graves, vacuâque agitâsse remissos
lege : que incunabula bis ge
niti Bacchi sunt tuta : memo Cum Junone jocos ; et, Major vestra profectò est,
rant Jovem forte diffusum Quàm quæ contingit maribus, dixisse, voluptas.
nectare seposuisse graves cu- Illa negat. Placuit quæ sit sententia docti 26
ras, que agitâsse remissos
jocos cum Junone vacuâ : et Quærere Tiresia. Venushuic erat utraque nota.
dixisse, Profectò vestra vo- Nam duo magnorum viridi coëuntia sylva
luptas est major, quàm quæ Corpora serpentum baculi violaverat ictu.
contingit maribus. Illa negat. Deque viro factus (mirabile) foemina, septem 30
Placuit quærere quæ sit sen
tentia docti Tiresia. Utraque Egerat autumnos. Octavo rursus eosdem
Venus erat nota huic. Nam Vidit. Et, Est vestræ si tanta potentia plage,
violaverat ictu baculi duo cor- Dixit, ut auctoris sortem in contraria mutet :
pora magnorum
coëuntia viridi sylva. Que Nunc quoque vos feriam. Percussis anguibus
serpentum
factus fœmina de viro (mira îsdem 34
bile) egerat septem autumnos. Forma prior rediit, genitivaque venit imago.
Octavo vidit eosdem rursus.
Et dixit, Si potentia vestræ plaga est tanta ut mutet sortem auctoris in contraria : feriam
Vos quoque nunc . Prior forma rediit îsdem anguibus percussis, que genitiva imago venit.

NOTES.
11. Domumque. ] The house of Semele,
grand daughter of Agenor.
13. Donisque jugalibus arsit.] Is destroy
ed by the conjugal grant.
14. Imperfectus . ] Unfinished .
Genitricis.] Of his mother Semele.
Alvo. ] From the womb.
16. Femori.] Into the thigh of his father
Jupiter : femora are the tops of the hips,
where they arejoined.
Materna tempora. ] sc. Nine months, which
time infants are in their mother's wombs.
17. Furtim.] Privately.-Illum.] Bacchus.
Ino.] Ino was the daughter of Cadmus,
and sister of Semele, who brought up Bac
chus in a private manner, unknown to
Jupiter.
18. Nyseïdes Nymphæ.] Of Nysa, the
top of Cytheron. The nymphs,were called
Nyseïdes, who educated Bacchus, after Ino,
whence Bacchus was called Dionysos, of
τοῦ Διὸς , and Nysa .
21. Bis geniti. ] For first of all he was
born of the womb of Semele, and after
wards of the thigh of Jupiter. Whence he
was called Dithyrambus, because he went
forth did duò up , i. e. out of two doors
through Semele's womb, and Jupiter's thigh.
22. Nectare. ] A most agreeable wine,
supposed to be the drink of the gods.
23. Vacuâque.] At leisure, and in a good
humour.
26. Illa.] Juno.
Docti. ] Skilful in that question. For Ti
resias, having by chance struck two snakes
in conjunction, with a rod, is reported to
have been turned into a woman, and to
have remained for seven years of that sex ;
at which time, by making use of the same
means, he again assumed his own.
27. Utraque Venus. ] The love of each,
both of man and woman. A metonymy of
the efficient.
29. Violaverat. ] Had smitten with a rod.
30. Mirabile. sc. Dictu.
31. Autumnos.] Years.
Octavo.] sc. Anno.- Eosdem.] sc. Ser
pentes.
33. Auctoris.] Of him that gives you the
blow.] - Sortem. ] Sex.
35. Forma.] sc. Hominis.- Genitivaque
imago,-His original form ; i, e, male.
 FAB. VI. METAMORPHOSEON . 115

Arbiter hic igitur sumtus de lite jocosâ, Igitur hic sumtus arbiter de
Dicta Jovis firmat. Graviùs Saturnia justo, jocosa
vis : Saturnia ferturdicta
lite, firmat Jo
doluisse
Nec pro materiâ fertur doluisse ; suique gravius justo, nec pro mate
Judicis æternâ damnavit lumina nocte. rii; que damnavit lumina sui
At Pater omnipotens (nequeenim licet irrita cui judicis æterna nocte. At om
nipotens Pater (neque enim
quam licet cuiquam Deo fecisse fac
Facta Dei fecisse Deo) pro lumine adempto 41 ta Dei irrita) dedit scire futura
Scire futura dedit ; pœnamque levavit honore. pro lumine adempto ; que
levavit pœnam honore.

NOTES.
36. Arbiter.] Arbitrator.- Hic.] Tiresias. Sui judicis,] The eyes of Tiresias, who
37. Saturnia.] Tuno, the daughter of Sa was chosen the judge.
turn.-Graviùs justo.] More than was fit. 49. Æternâ nocte.] With perpetual blind
38. Pro materiâ. ] Nor according to the ness.
merit of the thing ; for it was a jocose af 40. Pater.] Jupiter.
fair, and therefore Juno ought not to have Neque, &c] Is is not in the power of any
taken Tiresias's decision of it amiss. one god to cancel the acts of another.
Fertur.] Is said. 42. Scire futura dedit.] He made him a
Doluisse.] To have been angry. Prophet or Augur.- Levavit. Mitigated.
*
EXP. FAB. IV. & V. The fate of Semele the daughter of Cadmus, can
have no other foundation, than that her gallantries with a prince of the name
of Jupiter, were no less fatal than those which are said to have happened
her with the heathen deity. The infant, whom Jupiter took from her womb,
and matured in his thigh, is not the Bacchus who reigned in Egypt, of
whom we shall have occasion to make mention. Semele was numbered
amongst the gods, under the name of Thyonê.

FAB. VI. ECHO IN VOCEM.

Echo having frequently engaged Juno's attention with relating her adven
tures, in order that Jupiter might have the better opportunity to indulge
himself in his amours with the mountain Nymphs, is punished by the god
dess. Echo, who is enamoured with Narcissus, is rejected and despised
by him.

ILLE per Aonias famâ celeberrimus urbes Ille celeberrimus famâ per
Irreprehensa dabat populo responsa petenti. Aonias urbes dabat irrepre
hensa responsa populo peten
Prima fideivocisque a rate tentamina sumsit ti. Cærula Liriope prima
Cærula Liriope: quam quondam flumine curvo sumsit tentamina fidei que
Implicuit, clausæque suis Cephisus in undis 5 ratæ vocis ; quam quondam
Cephisus implicuit curve flu
Vim tulit. Enixa est utero pulcherrima pleno mine, que tulit vim clausæ in
Infantem, Nymphis jam tunc qui posset amari ; suis undis. Pulcherrima Li
Nareissumque vocat. De quo consultus, an esset riope enixa est pleno utero
Tempora maturæ visurus longa senectæ : infantem, qui jam tunc posset
amari Nymphis ; que vocat
Narcissum. De quo consultus, an esset visurus longa tempora maturæ senectæ :
a datæ.

NOTES.

1. Ille.] Tiresias.- Aonias. ] Boeotian ; for Tentamina. ] The experiment.

Aonia is a part of Boeotia. 5. Cephisus. ] In this place it is used for
2. Irreprehensa.] True, unerring. the god of that river.
3. Fide. ]. For fidei. 6. Enixa.] Brought forth.
Vocisque rata.] His infallible voice. 7. Tunc.] Even in his very infaners
116 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. 11.

fatidicus vates inquit, Si non Fatidicus vates, Si se non a noverit, inquit. 10

noverit se. Vox auguris visa Vana diu visa est vox auguris. Exitus illam,
est vana diu. Exitus resque
probat illam, que genus leti, Resque probat, letique genus, novitasque furoris.
novitasque furoris. Cephisius Jamque ter ad quinos unum Cephisius annum
addiderat jam unum annum Addiderat : poteratque puer, juvenisque videri :
ad ter quinos : poteratque vi- Multi illum juvenes, multæ petiêre puellæ. 15
deri puer, qui juvenis : multi
juvenes petière illum, multa Sed fuit in tenerâ tam dira superbia formâ ;
puellæ Sed tam dira super- Nulli illum juvenes, nullæ tetigêre puellæ.
bia fuit in tenerâ formâ ; nulli Aspicit hunc trepidos agitantem in retia cervos
juvenes teligêre illum, nullæ Vocalis Nymphe, quæ nec reticere loquenti ,
puellæ. Echo resonabilis, vo
calis Nymphe, quæ nec didi- Nec prior ipsa loqui dedicit, resonabilis Echo.
cit reticere loquenti, nec ipsa Corpus adhuc Echo, non vox erat ; et tamen
loqui prior, aspicit hunc agi-. usum
tantem cervos in retia. Echo [bebat;
adhuc erat corpus, non vox ; Garrula non alium, quàm nunc habet, oris ha
et tamen garrula non habebat Reddere de multis ut verba novissima posset.
alium usum oris quàm nunc Fecerat hoc Juno. Quia, cùm deprendere posset
habet ; ut posset reddere no
vissima verba de multis. June Sub Jove sæpe suo Nymphas in monte jacentes;
fecerat hoc. Quia, cùm sæpè Illa Deam longo prudens sermone tenebat, 26
posset deprendere Nymphas Dùm fugerent Nymphæ. Postquàm hæc Sa
jacentes sub suo Jove in mon turnia sensit ;
te ; illa prudens tenebat Deam
longo sermone, dùm Nympha Hujus, ait, linguæ, quâ sum delusa, potestas
fugerent Postquam Satur- Parva tibi dabitur, vocisque brevissimus usus. 29
nia sensit, ait, Parva potestas Reque minas firmat. Tamen hæc in fine loquen
hujus linguæ, quâ sum dolosa,
dabitur tibi, que brevissimus Ingeminat voces, auditaque verba reportat. [di
usus vocis. Que firmat minas Ergo ubi Narcissum per devia lustra vagantem ,
re. Tamen hæc ingeminat Vidit, et incaluit ; sequitur vestigia furtim.
voces in fine loquendi que
reportat verba audita. Ergo ubi vidit Narcissum vagantem per devia lustra, et incaluit ;
sequitur vestigia furtim. a viderit.
NOTES.

10. Fatidicus vates. Tiresias. Tamen usum. &c.] Althoughthe nymph E

Si se non noverit. ] If he never knew his
own beauty.
11. Vana.] Foolish and false.
12. Furoris. Of a mad love.
13. Jamque ter, &c. ] He was sixteen
years of age.
14. Puer. He might be taken for a boy,
on account of his beauty.
Juvenisque. Or a youth, on account of
his size.
17. Illum. Narcissus.
19. Vocalis Nymphe.] A noisy nymph.
Having a sounding shrill voice.
20. Resonabilis Echo.] An Echo may be
called resonantia, a resounding, or sonus re
flexus, a reflex sound. In Greek it is called
x . It is caused when the sound, falling
upon any concave body, is reflected back like
a ball, and is there heard. If it fall upon
several concave bodies of the like kind, the
sound is heard various times.
21. Corpus, &c. ] Echo was then a body.
She was not yet transformed into a stone ;
now nothing but a voice remains of her.
Non vox. Not a bare voice.
cho was endued with a body, yet it had then
no other use of the tongue, than it has now ;
for it only repeated the ends of words.
26. Novissima. ] The last. For scarce any
thing but the last words of an Echo are
heard; because, although there be a re
flection of the whole voice, yet the former
parts of it are so confounded, those which
follow being pronounced in a continuation,
that the latter parts only, whose regress is
pot impeded, are heard and understood by
us.
24. Fecerat hoc Juno.] Juno had done
this to punish her.
25. Sub suo Jove.] In the embraces of
Jupiter.
26. Illa. ] Echo - Deam. ] Juno.
Tenebat. ] Detained.
30. Reque.] In deed and in effect makes
good her threats.
31. Auditaque verba reportat. ] Returns
the words she hears.
32. Devia lustra. The pathless woods
35. Incaluit. She is inflamed.
Furtim.] Privately.
FAB. VI
. METAMORPHOSEON. 117

Quoque magis sequitur, flammâ propiore calescit ; Quoque magis sequitur, ca

Non aliter quàm cùm summis circumlita tædis 35 lescit propiore flammâ ; non
aliter, quàm cùm vivacia sul
Admotam rapiunt vivacia sulphura flammam. phura circumlita summis tæ
O quoties voluit blandis accedere dictis, dis rapiunt admotam flam
Et molles adhibere preces ! Natura repugnat, mam. O quoties voluit acce
Nec sinit incipiat : sed quod sinit, illa parata est dere blandis dictis, et adhibe
re molles preces ! Natura re
Expectare sonos, ad quos sua verba remittat. 40 pugnat, nec sinit incipiat :
Fortè puer, comitum seductus ab agmine fido, sed quod sinit, illa parata est
Dixerat, Ecquis adest? et, Adest, responderatEcho. expectare sonos, ad quos re
mittat sua verba. Puer fortè
Hic stupet : utque aciem partes a divisit in omnes ; seductus ab fido agmine co
Voce, Veni, clamat magnâ. Vocat illa vocantem. mitum, dixerat, Ecquis adest.
Respicit et nullo rursus veniente, Quid, inquit, 45 Et Echo responderat Adest.
Me fugis? Et totidem quot dixit verba recepit. Hic stupet : utque divisit a
Perstat; et alternæ deceptus imagine vocis, ciem in omnes partes ; clamat
magnâ voce, Veni. Illa vocat
Hùc Coëamus, ait : nullique libentius unquam vocantem. Respicit : et nullo
Responsura sono, Coëamus, rettulit Echo. veniente inquit, Quid fugis
Et verbis favet ipsa suis ; egressaque sylvis 50 me ? Et recepit verba totidem,
Ibat, ut injiceret sperato brachia collo. [fer : quot dixit. Perstat ; et de
ceptus imagine alternæ vocis ;
Ille fugit : fugiensque, Manus complexibus au- ait. Huc coëamus : Echo res
Antè, ait, emoriar, quàm sit tibi copia nostri. ponsura unquam libentiùs
nulli sono, rettulit Coëamus.
Rettulit illa nihil ; nisi, Sit tibi copia nostri.
Et ipsa favet suis verbis ; e
Spreta latet sylvis : pudibundaque frondibus ora gressaque sylvis ibat, ut inji
Protegit : et solis ex illo vivit in antris. 56 ceret brachia sperato collo.
Sed tamen hæret amor ; crescitque dolore re- Ille fugit ; fugiensque, ait,
Aufer manus complexibus,
pulsæ, emoriar antè quàm copia nos
Attenuant vigiles corpus miserabile curæ : tri sit tibi. Illa rettulit nihil,
Adducitque cutem macies ; et in aëra succus nisi, copia nostri sit tibi,
Corporis omnis abit. Vox tantùm, atque ossa Spreta latet sylvis : que pro
tegit pudibunda ora frondi
supersunt. 60 bus: et ex illo vivit in solis
antris. Sed tamen amorhæret,
crescitque dolore repulsæ, vigiles curæ attenuant miserabile corpus ; que macies adducit
cutem : et omnis succus corporis abit in aëra. Tantûm vox atque ossa supersunt.
a dimisit.

NOTES.

35. Circumlita.] Spread upon. A para
phrase of wood daubed with sulphureous
matter.
37. Blandis dictis.] In soft accents, such
as lovers use.— Accedere. ] To address him.
38. Molles.] Soothing.
Natura repugnat. ] Nature resists the im
pulse. She was not able to speak first, but
only to repeat Narcissus's last words.
39. Nec sinit.] Nor permits her to begin.
41. Seductis.] Separated.
Agmine.] From the train of his faithful
companions.
43. Divisit aciem.] Cast his eyes.
46. Recepit.] Received, heard.
47. Alternæ.] Uttered alternately, first
by Narcissus, afterwards by Echo.
48. Coëamus.] Let us come together.
Echo utters the same word, but not in the
same signification : for coire does not only
signify to come together, but to cohabit with :
in which sense it was repeated by Echo.
50. Verbis favet.] Confirmed her words.
52. Ille.] Narcissus.
53. Quàm sit tibi copia nostri.] Before
thou shouldest enjoy me.
56. Protegit. ] Hides.
Solis Antris.] In solitary caves.
57. Hæret.] Remains in the hearts.
Repulsæ.] Of a rejection or refusal.
58. Attenuant.] Waste.
Vigiles curæ.] Anxious cares.
59. Adducitque.] Shrivels, diminishes.
Succus.] The blood, juice.
60. Supersunt.] Remain.
 118 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. 111.

Vox manet. Ferunt ossa trax- Vox manet. Ossa ferunt lapidis traxisse figu
isse figuram lapidis. (Indè ram .
latet sylvis : que videtur in
nullo monte ; auditur omni- (Indè latet sylvis : nulloque in monte videtur ;
bus. Sonus est, qui vivit in Omnibus auditur. Sonus est, qui vivit in illâ . )
illâ.)
NOTES.
61. Ferunt.] They say. 62. Inde. ] Since the time that her bones
Traxisse.] To have been turned into a stone. were turned into stones.

EXP. FAB . VI . This Fable must be considered as one of the allegories so

frequently used by the ancients , when desirous to impress on the mind any
material transactions or piece ofmorality, with peculiar force. In the fate
of Echo, is strongly figured the effect of love when treated with disdain,
destroying the peace of the mind, and so emaciating the body, as to leave
little more remains of life than the voice, to echo the distress of the un
fortunate victim.

FAB. VII. NARCISSUS IN FLOREM SUI NOMINIS.

Narcissus, whose heart remained impenetrable to the feelings of another's

love, is made to be enamoured with himself, on discovering the figure
of his person in a Fountain, for whom he pines without any return of
that endearing passion, to which he falls a victim ; and by the Gods is
changed into a Flower that bears his name.

Hic sic luserat hane, sic SIC hanc, sic alias undis aut montibus ortas
alias Nymphas ortas
aut montibus ; sic antè viriles Luserat hic Nymphas; sic cætus antè viriles.
cœtus. Inde aliquis despectus, Indè manus aliquis despectus ad æthera tollens,
tollens manus ad æthera, dix- Sic amet ipse, sic non potiatur amate.
erat, Licet iste ipse amet Dixerat : assensit precibus Rhamnusia justis. 5
sic, sic non potiatur amato.
Dixerat : Rhamnusia assensit Fons erat illimis, nitidis argenteus undis,
justis precibus. Erat illimis Quem neque pastores, neque pastæ in monte
fons argenteus nitidis undis, capella
quem neque pastores, neque Contigerant, aliudvepecus; quem nullavolucris,
capella pasta monte contige
rant, aliudve pecus ; quem Nec fera turbârat, nec lapsus ab arbore ramus.
nulla volucris, nec fera turbâ- Gramen erat circà, quod proximus humor ale
rat, nec ramus lapsus ab ar bat ; 10
bore. Gramen erat circà,
quod proximus humor alebat : Sylvaque, sole lacum passura tepescere nullo.
sylvaque passura locum te- Hic puer, et studio venandi lassus, et æstu,
pescere nullo sole. Puer et
lassus studio venandi et æstu,
NOTES.
1. Hanc.] Echo. was accounted the avenger of wicked and
2. Luserat.] Deceived.- Hic ] Narcissus. proud persons. So Ovid in another place,
Cœtus.] The acc. after luserat. 66 Exiget ac dignas ultrix Rhamnusia pœnas." A
Antè.] While he was a boy. She is called Rhamnusia of Rhamnus, a town
Viriles.] Narcissus had slighted many of Attica, where she had a temple, and
nymphs who were in love with him. was worshipped.
3. Indè.] Upon which. 6. Illimis. ] Without mud.
Aliquis despectus.] One of those who had Argenteus.] Clear and shining like silver.
been slighted by him. 10. Gramen.] Grass or herb.
Despectus.] Despised by Narcissus. Sylvaque. ] A wood defended that foun
4. Amet.] I wish Narcissus himself so to tain from the heat of the sun.
love, as never to obtain the object beloved. 12. Hic.] In this wood, near that fountain.
5. Rhamnusia. ] Rhamnusia, or Nemesis, Puer. Narcissus.
FAB. VII. METAMORPHOSEON. 119

Procubuit; faciemque loci, fontemque secutus ; Procubuit hic ; secutus faci

Dumque sitim sedare cupit ; sitis altera crevit. emque loci, fontemque ; dum
Dùmque bibit, visæ correptus imagine formæ, quecupit sedareDùmque
sitis crevit. sitim ; altera
bibit,
Rem sinè corpore amat : corpus putat esse quod correptus imagine vise for
umbra est ; 16 mæ, amat rem sinè corpore :
putat esse corpus quod est
Adstupet ipse sibi : vultuque immotus eôdem umbra ; ipse adstupet sibi,
Hæret, ut è Pario formatum marmore signum. que hæret immotus eôdem
Specta humi positus geminum, sua lumina, sidus, vultu, ut signum formatum è
Et a dignos Baccho, dignos et Apolline crines ; 20 Pario marmore. Positus hu
mi spectat sua lumina, gemi
Impubesque genas, et eburnea colla, decusque num sidus, et crines dignos
Oris, et in niveo mistum candore ruborem. Baccho, et dignos Apolline ;
Cunctaque miratur, quibus est mirabilis ipse. impubesque genas, eburnea
Se cupit imprudens ; et, qui probat, ipse proba- colla, decusque oris, et ru
can
tur : [ardet. dore. Que miratur cuncta ;
Dùmque petit, petitur ; pariterque accendit, et quibus ipse est mirabilis. Im
Irrita fallaci quoties dedit oscula fonti ! prudens cupit se ; et ipse qui
probat, probatur : dùmque
In medias quoties visum captantia collum petit, petitur ; pariterque ac
Brachia mersit aquas, nec se deprendit in illis ! cendit, et ardet. Quoties de
dit irrita oseula fallaci fonti !
Quid videat nescit ; sed quod videt, uritur illo :
Atque oculos idem, qui decipit, incitat error. 30 tantia Quoties mersit brachia cap
visum collum in medias
Credule, qui frustra simulacra fugacia captas ? aquas ; nec deprendit se in il
Quod petis, est nusquam : quod amas, avertere, lis ! Nescit quid videat ; sed
uritur illo quod videt : atque
perdes. idem error, qui decipit ocu
Ista repercussæ, quam cernis, imaginis umbra est, los, incitat. Credule, quid
Nil habet ista sui ; tecum venitque manetque : frustra captas fugacia simula
Tecum discedet : si tu discedere possis, 35 cra? Quodpetis est nusquam :
avertere, perdes quod amas.
Ista, quam cernis, est umbra imaginis repercussæ. Ista habet nil sui ; venitque manetque
tecum : discedet tecum : si tu possis discedere.
a digitos.

NOTES.

15. Procubuit.] Laid himself down. 27. Captantia. ] Endeavouring to catch.

Faciemque loci, &c.] Charmed with the
appearance of the place .
14. Sedare sitim.] To quench his thirst.
So Lucretius :
".
Et sedare sitim prius est, quam pocula
natam.""
Sitis altera.] Another thirst, i. e. love or
desire for himself.
17. Adstupet.] Narcissus admires, (is
enamoured with) his own beauty.
18. Pario.] Paros is an Isle of the Ægean
sea, famous for white marble. Whence the
best marble was by the ancients called Parian.
Signum.] A statue.- 19. Spectat, &c.]
The poet describes the beauty of Narcissus.
21. Impubesque.] His unbearded cheeks.
Eburnea.] White as ivory.
24. Imprudens.] Unknowing, without
intending it.
25. Pariterque, &c ] He burns, and is
burned at the same time.
26. Irrita.] Vain, for he touched nothing
but water .
Capere often signifies not only to take or
seize, but to hunt after or endeavour to ob
tain any thing by allurements and fair speech
es; as in this, " Hic obsequendo captat au
ram popularem," i. e. he seeks for, strives
after.
30. Incitat.] Provokes them.
31. Credule.] He is said to be credulous,
who too easily believes reports. The apos
trophe is to Narcissus.
Simulacra.] The flying Image.
32. Petis.] As though he had said, What
you covet is but a shadow.
Advertere. ] Turn but your face from the
fountain, and you will immediately lose
what you love. Advertere is the Imperative
Mood Passive.
33. Repercussæ.] Reflected by the water.
34. Nil habet ista sui.] That Image which
you see is nothing of itself.
35. Si tu discedere possis.] If thou canst
but depart.
120 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. ir.

Non cura Cereris potest ab- Non illum Cereris, non illum cura quietis
strahere illum indè, non cu- Abstrahere indè potest : sed opacâ fusus in herbâ
câ quietis
ra sed fusus
herbâ : spectat in opa Spectat inexpleto mendacem lumine formam :
mendacem
formam inexpleto lumine : Perque oculos perit ipse suos. Paulumque le
que ipse perit per suos oculos. vatus,
Paulumque levatus, tendens Ad circumstantes tendens sua brachia sylvas, 40
sua brachia ad circumstantes
sylvas; inquit, Iö sylvæ, ec- Ecquis, lö sylvæ, crudeliùs, inquit, amavit ?
quis amavit crudelius ? (Enim ( Scitis enim, et multis latebra opportunafuistis . )
seitis, et fuistis opportuna Ecquem, cùm vestræ tot agantur secula vitæ,
multis.)
longo ævoMeininistis ecquem, Qui sic tabuerit, longo meministis in ævo ? 44
qui sic tabuerit,
cùm tot secula vestræ vitæ a- Et placet, et video ; sed quod videoque, placet
gantur ? Et placet, et video : que, (tem.
sed tamen non invenio quod Non tamen invenio. Tantus tenet error aman
videoque placétque. Tantus
error tenet amantem . Quoque Quoque magis doleam ; nec nos mare separat
doleam magis ; nec ingens ingens,
mare separat nos, nec via, Nec via, nec montes, nec clausis mœnia portis ;
nec montes, nec moenia clau
sis portis : prohibemur exi- Exiguâ prohibemur aquâ. Cupit ipse teneri :
guâ aquâ. Ipse cupit teneri ; Nam quoties liquidis porreximus oscula lymphis ;
nam quoties porreximus oscu- Hic toties ad me resupino nititur ore. 51
la liquidis lymphis ; hic toties Posse putes tangi : minimum est quod amanti
nititur ad me resupino ore. bus obstat.
Putes posse tangi ; est mini (fallis ?
mum quod obstat amantibus. Quisquis es, hùc exi ; quid me, puer a unice,
Quisquis es, exi hùc ; unice Quove petitus abis ? Certè nec forma, nec ætas
puer, quid fallis me? Quove Est mea, quam fugias : et amârunt me quoque
abis petitus ? Certe nec mea
forma, nec ætas est quam fu Nymphæ.
gias ; et Nymphæ quoque a- Spem mihi nescio quam vultu promittis amico :
mârunt me. Promittis nescio Cùmque ego porrexi tibibrachia, porrigis ultro :
quam spem mihi amico vultu ;
cùmque ego porrexi brachia Cùm risi, arrides: lacrymas quoque sæpè notavi,
tibi, porrigis ultrò : cùm risi, Me lacrymante, tuas : nutu quoque signa remit
arrides ; quoque sæpè notavi Et quantùm motu formosi suspicor oris, (tis ; 59
tuas lacrymas, me lacryman- Verba refers aures non pervenientia nostras.
te ; quoque remittis signa nu
tu ; et quantùm suspicor mo- In te ego sum : sensi, nec me mea fallit imago.
tu formosi oris, refers verba non pervenientia ad nostras, aures. Ego sum in te ; sensis,
a invide. 1
nec mea imago fallit me.

NOTES.
36. Cereris.] Ceres, the Goddess of Corn,
by Metonymy, signifies here corn, food.
Quietis.] Of sleep.
37. Opacâ.] Shady.-Fusus. ] Lying.
38. Inexpleto.] With eyes which could
not be satisfied.
Mendacem formam.] The fallacious Image.
41. Iö sylvæ.] An address to the goddess
es ofthe woods. Iöis here an interjection of
grieving ; it is also an interjection of rejoicing.
42. Opportuna.] Commodious ; q. d. you
have afforded privacies to many lovers,
that they might commodiously enjoy their
amours.
44. Qui sic tabuerit.] Who pined away
in this manner. Tabescere is to consume
by little and little. It comes from tabes,
which is a corruption of humours, by which
bodies are reduced to the lowest dégree of
leanness.
48. Moenia.] Monia are so called of mu
niendo, i. e. of fortifying, and are properly
walls which encompass a city.
49. Teneri. ] That I may embrace him.
51. Resupino, Turned upwards.
52. Amantibus . ] Agrees with nobis under
stood.- 53, Puer.] Youth.
Unice. Only, therefore beloved.
54. Petitus.] Being sought after, wished
for.
55. Fugias.] Thou mayest disdain or
despise.
Nymphe.] Echo, and many others sprung
from the rivers and mountains. See above,
Ver. 1.
56. Vultus amico.] For it was his own th
fond face reflected.
61, Aures nostras.] To our ears,
 FAB. VII. METAMORPHOSEON. 121

Uror amore mei : flammas moveoque feroque. Uror amore mei : moveoque
Quid faciam ? roger, anne rogem ? quid deindè feroque flammas . Quid faci
am? roger, anne rogem? Quid
rogabo? 64 deinde rogabo? Quod cupio
Quod cupio mecum est, inopem me copia fecit. est mecum, copia fecit me in
Outinam nostro secedere corpore possem ! opem. O utinam possem se
cedere nostro corpore ! Est
Votum in amante novum est, vellem quod novum votum in amante : vel
amamus abesset. lem quod amamus abesset.
Jamque dolor vires adimit : nec tempora vitæ Jamque dolor adimit vires :
Longa meæ superant, primoque extinguor in ævo. nec longa tempora meæ vita
Nec mihi morsgravis est posituro morte dolores.70 superant : que extinguor in
primo ævo. Nec mors est gra
Hic, qui diligitur, vellem diuturnior esset : vis mihi,posituro doloresmorte:
Nunc duo concordes animâ moriemur in unâ. vellem hic esset diuturnior qui
diligitur: nunc duo concordes
Dixit , et ad faciem rediit malè sanus eandem ,
moriemur in unâ animâ. Dixit,
Et lacrymis turbavit aquas, obscuraque moto 74 et male sanus rediit ad ean
Reddita forma lacu est : quam cùm vidisset abire, dem faciem : et turbavit aquas
Quò fùgis? Oro, mane ; nec me, crudelis, a lacrymis, que forma est red
dita obscura lacu moto : quam
mantem cùm vidisset abire, clamavit,
Deserc, clamavit ; liceat, quod tangere non est, Quò fugis? Oro, mane ; nec
Adspicere, et misero præbere alimenta furori. crudelis desere me amantem :
liceat adspicere quod non est
Dùmque dolet, summâ vestem deduxit ab orà ; tangere et præbere alimenta
Nudaque marmoreis percussit pectora palmis. 80 misero furori. Dùmque dolet
Pectora traxerunt tenuem percussa ruborem, deduxitvestem ab summâ orâ :
Non aliter, quam poma solent, quæ candida parte, que percussit nuda pectora
Parte rubent. Aut ut variis solet uva racemis marmoreis palmis. Pectora
percussa traxerunt tenuem
Ducere purpureum nondùm matura colorem. ruborem, non aliter quàm po
Quæ simul aspexit liquefactâ rursus in undâ, 85 ma solent : quæ candida parte,
Non tulit ulteriùs : sed, ut intabescere flavæ parte rubent. Aut ut uva non
dùm matura solet ducere pur
pureum colorem variis race
mis, Quæ simul aspexit rursus in liquefactâ undâ, non tulit ulterius : sed ut flavæ ceræ
solent intabescere

NOTES.
63. Flammas moveoque feroque. ] I both
raise, and suffer under, the flames oflove.
65. Inopem me copia fecit.] Plenty has
made me poor ; though I am master of the
object I love, (meaning himself) yet I can
not enjoy it.
67. Votum.] A new and unusual wish,
that any one should desire that which he
loves to be far from him.
69. Superant.] Reniain, are behind. ' That
Distich of Virgil is well known,
66 Quid puer Ascanius superatne, &c."
Extinguor.] I die in the flower of my age ;
for Narcissus was yet a young man.
70. Nec. ] Neither is death troublesome to
me, as it will put an end to all my sorrows.
71. Diuturnior,] That he might live longer.
73. Dixit.] Narcissus.
Faciem.] The Image.
Malè sanus.] Hardly in his senses, almost
distracted ; for sanus signifies sound either
in mind or body.
75. Lacu moto.] The fountain being trou
bled. The receptacle of fountains is called
Lacus. Lacus also is a vessel in which grapes
are trodden.
77. Est.] Impersonally for licet.
78. Misero,] Which makes men miserable,
who are troubled with it.
79. Suminâ ab orâ.] From the highest bor
der.- Deduxit.] He tore.
80. Marmoreis.] With his hands white as
Parian marble. So in another place :
" Aurea marmoreo ridimicula demite collo."
81. Traxerunt. ] Contracted.
Tenuem ruborem.] A little redness.
82. Candida.] Agrees with quæ, for it ends
in (a) short.
83. Variis.] Variegated, i. e. where the
complexion of the grapes, not equally ripe, is
variously shaded or coloured.
85. Quæ.] scil pectora.
Liquefactâ rursus.] Restored to its clear
ness.
86. Non tulit ulteriûs.] He could bear the
grief no longer.
Intabescere. To be dissolved.
R
122 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. III.

levi igne, matutinave pruine Igne levi ceræ matutinæve pruinæ

tepente Sole : sic liquitur at- Sole tepente solent ; sic attenuatus amore
tenuatus amore, et carpitur
paulatim cæco igni. Et neque Liquitur, et cæco paulatim carpitur igni.
jam color est candore misto Et nequejam color est misto candore rubori ; 90
rubori ; nec vigor, et vires, et Nec vigor et vires, et quæ modò visa placebant .
quæ visa modò placebant.
Nec corpus remanet, quod Nec corpus rémanet, quondam quod amaverat
Echo quondam amaverat. Ta Echo.
men quæ ut vidit, quamvis ira- Quæ tamen ut vidit, quamvis irata, memorqute,
ta memorque, indoluit ; quo- Indoluit ; quotiesque puer miserabilis, Eheu !
tiesque miserabilis puer dixe
rat, Eheu ! hæc iterabat Eheu Dixerat : hæc resonis iterabat vocibus, Eheu ! 95
resonis vocibus. Cùmque ille Cùmque suos manibus percusserat ille lacertos,
percusserat
ibus, hæc suos lacertos
quoque Hæc quoque reddebat sonitum plangoris eundem.
man- Ultima
reddebat vox solitam fuit hæc spectantis in undam,
eundem sonitum plangoris.
Hæc fuit ultima vox spectan- Heu frustrà dilecte puer ! Totidemque remisit
tis in solitam undam, heu pu- Verba a locus ; dictoque Vale, Valc inquit et
er dilecte frustrà ! Que locus Echo. 100
remisit totidem verba : Vale- Ille caput viridi fessum submisit in herbâ ;
que dicto, Echo et inquit Vale.
İlle submisit fessum caput in Lumina Nox claudit domini mirantia formam .
viridi herbâ ; Nox claudit lu- Tùm, quoque se, postquàm est infernâ sede re
mina mirantia formam domi
ni. Tùm postquàm receptus ceptus,
est infernâ sede, spectabat se In Stygiâ spectabat aquâ. Planxêre sorores,
in Stygià aquâ. Naiades so- Naiades, et sectos fratri imposuêre capillos. 105
rores planxêre, et imposuêre Planxêre et Dryades : plangentibus assonat Echo.
sectos capillos fratri. Et Dry
ades planxêre. Echo assonat Jamque rogum, quassasque faces, feretrumque
plangentibus. Jamque para parabant : [florem
bant rogum, quassasque faces, Nusquam corpus erat. Croceum pro corpore
feretrumque : corpus erat nus
quam. Inveniunt croceum Inveniunt, foliis medium cingentibus albis.
florem pro corpore, albis foliis cingentibus medium.
a lacus :
J

NOTES.

87. Matutinæve pruinæ.] The morning
dew, or hoar frost.
88. Attenuatus. ] Wasted.
89. Liquitur. He decays, and is consumed
by little and little.
Cæco. Hidden, for cæcus signifies some
times actively, one that cannot see ; and
sometimes passively, that cannot be seen.
93. Memorque.] Mindful of his ill usage.
94. Puer miserabilis. ] The unhappy youth.
Eheu.] A most expressive interjection of
sighing.
95. Resonis. Re- echoing.
97 Plangoris.] Of the stroke on the breast.
98. Spectantis. , Scil. Narcissi.
100. Locus.] The echo in the place. The
thing containing for the thing contained.
Dicto.] The abla. absolute agreeing with
vale the imperative of a verb : in the same
manner we say in English, a farewell, the
verb in both languages is used as a substan
tive.
101. Subinisit.] He laid down.
102. Lumina, &c.] His eyes, with which
he admired his own beauty.
104. In Stygiâ aquâ. ] He admired himself
in the Stygian Lake.
Stygia.] The poets fancied the spirits of
the departed followed the same pursuits be
low, as they did on the earth.
Planxêre. The nymphs of the fountains
and rivers wept. They are called Naiades,
πò тou valer , of flowing.
105. Sectos capillos.] The friends of the
departed offered on his tomb a lock of their
hair, with other ceremonies.
107.] Rogum ] A pile of wood on which
the dead were burned.
Quassas.] They whirled the lighted torches
as they went along, to keep the fire alive.
Faces.] Torches, which were always car
ried before the corpse at a funeral.
Feretrumque.] The coffin (bier) on which
the dead were carried, so called of ferendo,
bearing or carrying.
108. Croceum. Yellow, like saffron,
 FAB. Vlll. METAMORPHOSEΩN , 123

EXP. FAB . VII. In the account of Narcissus, as well as in that of Echo,

our poet has fully displayed the power of his genius. Here he presents a
moving instance of the unhappy effects of self-love, and an insensibility to
the love of another ; he, with strokes of the highest colouring, displays the
absurdity of a self- admiring youth, who from manners suitable to his sex,
becomes effeminate, and so much lost in folly and love of himself, as to
become hateful both to the one and the other of the sexes.

FAB. VIII . LIBER PATER, SEMELES ET JOVIS FILIUS, IN ACOETEM.

TYRRHENI NAUTE IN DELPHINES.

Pentheus not only treats with contempt the predictions of the Augur Ti
resias, and forbids his people to worship Bacchus, ( then just arrived in
triumph to Greece, ) but directs him to be bound and brought before
him. The God, in the appearance of Acætes, his companion, submits
to the indignity, when he, in the Prince's presence, relates the wonders
performed by Bacchus, at which he is so much enraged, that he goes
in a fury to Mount Citharon to disturb the Orgies then celebrating
there ; in resentment for this, his own Mother with the other Bacchants,
tear him in pieces.

COGNITA res meritam vati per Achaidas Res cognita attulerat meri
urbes tam famam vati per Achaïdas
urbes : nomenque auguris erat
Attulerat & famam ; nomenque erat auguris in ingens. Tamen Pentheus E
gens, chionides spernit hunc, con
Spernit Echionides tamen hunc ex omnibus unus temtor Superûm, unus ex om,
Contemtor Superûm Pentheus, præsagaque ridet nibus, que ridet præsaga ver
ba senis ; que objicit tenebras
Verba senis ; tenebrasque, et cladem lucis ademtæ et cladem lucis ademtæ. Ille
Objicit. Ille movens albentia tempora canis, 6 movens tempora albentia ca
Quam fœlix esses si tu quoque luminis hujus nis, ait, Quàm fœlix esses, si
tu quoque fieres orbus hujus
Orbus, ait, fieres : ne Bacchia sacra videres ! luminis : ne videres Bacchia
Jamque dies aderit (jamque haud procul au sacra ! Jamque dies aderit,
guror esse) (que auguror jam esse haud
Quâ novus huc veniat proles Semeleïa Liber : procul) quâ novus Liber Se
meleia proles veniat hùc :
Quem nisi templorum fueris dignatus honore, quem nisi fueris dignatus ho
Mille lacer spargêre locis ; et sanguine sylvas nore templorum, lacer spar
gêre mille locis : et fœdabis sylvas,
> a Contulerat.

NOTES.
1. Cognita res, &c. ] The fame of Tiresias
greatly encreased, when the fate of Narcissus
came to be known ; for he foretold that Nar
cissus should be happy, si se non noverit, if
he was insensible of his own beauty.
Vati.] To the soothsayer Tiresias.
Achaïdas. Grecian . Achaia was a country
of Greece.
2. Auguris.] Tiresias.
3. Omnibus.] The Thebans.
Unus.] He only.
4. Presagaque.] Which predicted future
things.
5. Senis.] Tiresias.-Lucis ademtæ.] For
he had been struck with blindness.
6. Objicit.] Hę upbraids.Ille.] Tiresias.
Canis.] With hoary locks. An adjective
agreeing with capillis understood.
9. Jamque, &c.] Which I prophesy to be
near at hand.
10. Novus Liber. ] The poet intimates
that there was another Bacchus more an
cient than this, son of Semele, by Jupiter.
Semelcia.] Bacchus the son of Semele (the
daughter of Cadmus) by Jupiter.
11. Quem.] Liber or Bacchus.
12. Spargêre.] The future passive ; for the
penult is long.
Sanguine. ] Scil. tuo ; for his own mother
and aunts afterwards tore him in pieces.
Sanguine, &c.] Thou shalt make the woods
foul with thy blood.
 124 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. 111.

que tuam matrem, que sorores Fodabis, matremque tuam, matrisque sorores.
matris, sanguine. Evenient ; Evenient ; neque enim dignabere Numen honore.
neque enim dignabere Numen
honore. Que quereris me sub Meque sub his tenebris nimium vidisse quereris,
his tenebris vidisse nimium. Talia dicentem proturbat Echione natus. 16
Natus Echione proturbat di- Dicta fides sequitur : responsaque vatis aguntur.
centem talia. Fides sequitur Liber adest ; festisque fremunt ululatibus agri.
dicta: responsaque vatis agun
tur. Liber adest ; que agri Turba ruunt, mistæque viris matresque, nurus
fremunt festis ululatibus. Tur que, 19
ba ruunt, matresque nurusque Vulgusque, proceresque, ignota ad sacra feruntur.
mistä viris, vulgusque proce- Quis furor Anguigenæ proles Mavortia vestras
resque feruntur ad ignota sa
cra. Pentheus ait. Mavortia Attonuit a mentes ? Pentheus ait : • Erane tantùm
proles, Anguigenæ : quis fu- Ære repulsa valent ? Et adunco tibia cornu ?
ror attonuit vestras mentes ? Et magice fraudes? Et quos non belliger ensis,
Ærane tantùm valent repulsa Non tuba terruerint, non strictis agmina telis, 25
ære ? Et tibia adunco cornu ?
Et magica fraudes ? Ut fomi- Fœmineæ voces, et mota insania vino,
neæ voces, et insania mota vi- Obscoenique greges, et inania tympana vincant?
no, obscœnique greges, et in- Vosne senes mirer ? qui longa per æquora vecti
ania tympana vincant, quos
non bellicus ensis, non tuba, Hâc Tyron, hàc profugos posuistis sede Penates,
non agmina strictis telis ter- Nunc sinitiş sinè Marte capi ? Vosne, acrior ætas,
ruerint. Mirer ne vos senes ?
qui vecti per longa a quora posuistis hâc Tyron, hâc sede profugos Penates, nunc sinitis capi
sine Marte? Vosne, O juvenes, acrior ætas,
a Attollit.
"

NOTES.

13. Matrisque.] These, together with A Ærane.] Brazen vessels.

gave his mother, tore Pentheus in pieces.
16. Natus.] Pentheus. L
17. Dicta.] The Accus. Truth attends his
words, i. e. all that he said came to pass.
Aguntur.] Are performed.
18. Liber.] Bacchus is present, i. e. comes,
who is called Liber, because wine liberat
(frees) the mind from cares. Here the poet
describes the Bacchanalia of the ancients.
Festisque, &c.] For the Bacchants, i. e.
those who celebrated the orgies or rites of
Bacchus, used to run through the country,
howling and shouting (Io Bacche,) in a wild
distracted manner, and this they pretended
to be the inspiration of the gods.
19. Matresque nurusque.] Mothers and
daughters, i. e. old and young women
20. Ignota.] For these rites had been only
now introduced into this country,
21. Anguigenæ Mavortia proles. ] For they
wore sprung from the teeth of the martial
snake. Pentheus here speaks to his people
upon this running out to the orgies. Is it
possible, says he, that the tinkling of cym
bals, or sounding of horns, and such tricks,
can prevail so powerfully ? That a people
descended from a martial race, invincible in
war, should be conquered, i. e. led away by a
set of lewd men, and drunken women.
22. Attonuit.] Hath astonished, amazed,
put you out of your wits.
23. Ære.] Struck with brazen instruments.
24. Magicæ fraudes.] So called of Magi,
which in the Persian tongue signifies wise
men.
25. Agmina.] Battalions.
Telis.] With naked swords. An argument
from the greater to the lesser.
27. Obscœnique.] A base multitude, de
bauched by effeminacy.
Tympana.] Tympanum is an instrument
made of skins, a drum, which the priestesses
of Bacchus made use of in the rites of Bac
chus. So called anò ToU TÚTIEI , i. ẹ, of
smiting, beating.
28. Senes.] Pentheus turns his discourse
to the companions of Cadmus, who left Pho
nicia, their own country, and settled with him
in Bootia. }; .. :
29. Tyron.] For they had left their own
old city of Tyre. and settled here in a new
one. Tyre is an island near Phoenicia, so
called of Tyrus the son of Phoenix.
30. Vosne.] The sense is, shall I admire
at you, young men, whose robust age it be
comes rather to wear arms than garlands ?
The order is, " O juvenes, an mirer vos ;
quorum acriorem ætatem, propioremque meæ,
decebat tenere arma ?"
Vos.] The Accus. after mirer understood.
Acrior ætas. ] The Vocat. in opposition
with juvenes
FAB. VIII. METAMORPHOSEΩN. 125

O juvenes, propiorque meæ, quos arma te- propiorque meæ : quos dece
nere, 31 bat tenere arma, non thyrsos,
Non thyrsos, galeâque -tegi, non fronde decebat ? que tegi galeâ non fronde ?
Precor este memores quâ
Este, precor, memores , quâ sitis stirpe creati, stirpi sitis creati, que sumite
Illiusque animos, qui multos perdidit unus, animos illius serpentis, qui
Sumite serpentis. Pro fontibus ille, lacûque 35 unus perdidit multos. Ille
interiit pro fontibus lacûque :
Interiit : at vos pro famà vincite vestrâ. at vos vincite pro vestri fa
Ille dedit leto fortes : vos pellite molles, ma. Ille dedit fortes leto :
Et patrium revocate decus. Si fata vetabant vos pellite molles, et revocate
Stare diu Thebas , utinam tormenta, virique decus patrium. Si fata veta
bant Thebas stare diu, uti
Monia diruerent ; ferrumque, ignisque sona- nam tormenta virique dirue
rent ! 40 rent moenia : ferrumque ignis
Essemus miseri sinè crimine : sorsque querenda, sine sonarent crimine !: Essemus
sorsque miseri
foret
Non c ' elanda foret ; lacrym æque pudorecarerent. quarenda, non celanda ; que
At nunc à puero Theba capientur inermi : lacrymæ carerent pudore.
At nunc Theba capientur ab
Quem neque bella juvant, nec tela, nec usus inermi puero : quem neque
equorum : 44 bella, nec telum, nec usus
Sed madidus myrrhâ crinis, mollesque coronæ , equorum juvant : sed crinis
Purpuraque, et pictis intextum vestrbus aurum, madidus myrrhâ, mollesque
Quem quidem ego actutum (modo vos absis- corona, purpuraque, et au
rum intextum pictis vestibus.
tite ) cogam [ teri. Quem quidem ego actutùm
Assumtumque patrem, commentaque fateri assumtumque
An satis Acrisio est animi contemneresacra fa- cogam ue
vanum patremq , sacra commenta
(modò vos absistite. ) An satis
n
Nume , et Argoli cas i
venient claudere portas, animi est Acrisio contem
Penthea terrebit cum totis advena Thebis ? 51 nere vanum Numen, et clau
Ite citi, (famulis hoc imperat, ) ite, ducemque dere Argolicas portas veni
enti advena terrebit; Penthea
Attrahite huc vinctum : jussis mora segnis abesto,
cum totis Thebis ? Ite citi, ite
Hunc avus, hunce Athamas, hunc cætera turba (imperat hoc famulis) que
suorum attrahite ducemvinctum huc
egnis mora abesto jussis.
Avus corripit hunc, Athamas corripit hunc, cætera turba suorum .
a sequentes.

NOTES.
32. Thyrsos.] Spears adorned with vine
leaves, carried by the priests of Bacchus.
Whence Bacchus was called Thyrsiger.
35. Stirpe ] As though he had said, Re
member that you are descended from the
martial serpent, who himself slew so many,
in the defence of his fountain.
37. Dedit leto. ] Slew.
38. Si fata, &c. ] If Thebes must fall,
would it were to fall by the hands of a
victorious army.
39. Tormenta.] Are warlike instruments,
so called from torquendis, i. e. ejecting stones
out of slings.
41. Crimine.] Fault.
Sors, &c. ] Indeed our condition would
deserve to be lamented, not to be reviled.
45. Madidus Myrrhâ.] Perfumed with
myrrh.
46. Pictis.] Parti-coloured, of divers co
lours.
47. Quem, &c.] Pentheus threatens that
he would so torture Bacchus, as to make him
confess who was his true father, and why he
forged those sacred rites.
: Actutum.] Presently, without any delay.
" Ter- Aperite aliquis actutum OS
tium.-"
48. Commentaque.] Feigned, counterfeit ;
comminiscor is to force or invent something.
Ter.-- Aliquid tulisse comminiscentur
mali."
Whence books, in which things are not
treated of at large, but briefly, are called
commentarii.
49. An satis, &c . ] Acrisius, king of the
Argives, had the spirit to shut his gates
against Bacchus ; cannot Pentheus do so to ?
51. Cum totis Thebis ] With all the men
of Thebes . The thing containing for the
thing contained.
45. Hunc.] Pentheus.
Avus Cadmus.
Athamas. His uncle.
126 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. III.

Corripiunt hunc dictis, que Corripiunt dictis, frustràque inhibere laborant.

laborant inhibere frustrà. Est Acrior admonitu est ; irritaturque retenta
acrior admonitu ; que rabies
retenta irritatur et crescit, que Et crescit rabies, remoraminaque ipsa nocebant.
remoramina ipsanocebant. Sie Sic ego torrentem, quâ nil obstabat eunti,
ego vidi torrentem, qu nil Leniùs et modico strepitu decurrere vidi . [bant,
obstabat eunti, et decurrere At quacunque trabes, obstructaque saxa a tene
leniùs et modico strepitu. At
quacunque trabes, que ob- Spumeus, et fervens, et ab obice sævior ibat.61
structa saxa tenebant, ibat Eccè cruentati redeunt ; et Bacchus ubi esset,
spumeus et fervens, et sævior Quærenti domino, Bacchum vidisse negârunt.
ab obice. Eccè redeunt cru
entati, et negârunt vidisse Hunc, dixêre, tamen comitem, famulumque
Bacchum domino quærenti, sacrorum , 64
ubi Bacchus esset. Tamen Cepimus et tradunt manibus post terga ligatis,
dixere, Cepimus hunc comi- [ Sacra Dei quondam Tyrrhenâ gente secutum. ]
tem famulumque sacrorum : Aspicit hunc oculis Pentheus, quos ira tremendos
et tradunt manibus ligatis Fecerat ; et quanquam pœnæ vix tempora differt,
post terga, [quondam secu
tum sacra Dei Tyrrhena O periture, tuâque aliis documenta dature G9
gente.] Pentheus aspicit hunc Marte, ait, ede tuum nomen nomenque parentum,
oculis, ;quos
mendos et ira fecerat tre-
quamquam Et patriam
vix Ille ; morisque
metų vacuus, novi mihi,
Nomen cur sacra frequentes.
dixit, Acætes ;
differt tempora pœnæ, ait,
O periture, que dature docu- Patria Mæonia est : humili de plebe parentes :
menta aliis tuâ morte, ede Non mihi, quæ duri colerent 4. pater arva juvenci,
tuum nomen, nomenque pa- Lanigerosque greges, non ulla armenta reliquit.
rentum, et patriam ; que cur Pauper et ipse fuit : linoque solebat et hamis 76
frequentes sacra novi moris.
Ille vacuus metu, dixit, Ace- Decipere, et calamo salientes ducere pisces .
tes est nomen mihi : Mæonia Ars illi sua census erat : cùm traderet artem,
est patria : parentes de hu
Inili plebe pater non reliquit mihi arva quæ duri juvenci colerent, lanigerosque greges, non
ulla armenta. Et ipse fuit pauper : que solebat decipere salientes pisces, lino et hamis, et
ducere calamo. Sua ars erat census illi : Cum traderet artem :
a jacebant.

NOTES,
55. Corripiunt.] Reprove, chide.
Inhibere.] To restrain him,
56. Acrior.] More forward, more stubborn.
or obstinate.Retenta .] From Retineo.
57. Remoraminaque.] Their admonitions.
58. Sic ego. ] The poet shews the obsti
nacy of Pentheus against the admonitions
of his friends, by an elegant similitude.
For, says he, as streams become more rapid
when they meet with opposition, so the rage
of Pentheus, obstructed by the good advice
of his relations, increased the more.
Torrentem.] Torrens is a river which is
dried up in the summer.
60. Obstructaque saxa.] Interposing rocks.
61. Sævior.] More violent.
61. Cruentati, &c.] Which exasperates
Pentheus still more.---Cruentati.] sc. The
servant of Pentheus, sent to apprehend
Bacchus. $ For the ancients used horse-hair for their
62. Domino.] To their master.
64. Hunc.] This fellow ; thinking it was
Acates.
66. Tyrrhena.] Tuscan. The Tyrrheni
are a people of Italy, called Tuscans.
68. Vix differt. ] He could scarce defer.
66. Documenta.] Examples.
70. Ede nomen. ] Tell your name.
71. Novi.] New rites. For Bacchus, as he
returned from India, first introduced these
sacred rites.
Frequentes.] A verb from frequento, as,
72. Vacuus.] Free from, void.
75. Mœonia,] Lydia, or rather Tuscany.
74. Non mihi, &c.] Acætes shews the
reason why he conformed to the rites of
Bacchus.
75. Reliquit. ] Has pater for its Nomina
tive Case,
76. Linoque, &c.] He intimates that his
father was a fisherman,
Hamis.] With hooks.
77. Ducere.] To draw out of the water.
Pisces.] So Martial :
" Et piscem tremul , salientem ducere setâ."
fishing-nets, as we do.
78. Ars, &c ] My father was taxed ac
cording to his trade. Census is a valuation
of goods and chattels.
Census.] His estate, his livelihood.
FAB. VIII. METAMORPHOSEON . 127

Accipe quas habeo, studii successor, et hæres, Dixit, Accipe opes quas ha
Dixit opes : moriensque mihi nihil ille reliquit bao, successor et hæres stu
dii que ille moriens reliquit
Præter aquas. Unum hoc possum appellare nilmihi præter aquas. Possum
paternum . 81 appellare hoc unum pater.
Mox ego, ne scopulis hærerem semper in isdem, num. Mox ego, ne hærerem
Addidici regimen dextrâ moderante carinæ semper in îsdem scopulis, ad
didici flectere regimen carina
Flectere : et Oleniæ sidus pluviale capellæ, 84 dextri moderante et notavi
Taygetenque Hyadasque oculis Arctonque, notavi, oculis pluviale sidus Olenise
Ventorumque domos et portus puppibus aptos. capella, Taygetenque, Hya
dasque, Arctonque, que do
Fortè, petens Delon, Diæ telluris ad oras mos ventorum, et portus ap
Applicor, et dextris adducor littora remis ; tos puppibus. Petens Delon,
Doque leves saltus : udæque a immittor arene forte applicor ad oras telluris
Nox ubi consumta est, Aurora rubescere pri tris Diæ, et adducor littora dex:
remis ; doque leves saltus
mùm 90 que immittor udæ arena.
Cœperat : exsurgo, laticesque inferre recentes Ubi nox est consumta : Au
Admoneo, monstroque viam quæ ducat ad undas. rora primum cœperat rubes
cere exsurgo, admoneo
Ipse quid aura mihi tumulo promittat ab alto, inferre recentes latices, mon
Prospicio; comitesque voco, repetoque carinam. stroque viam quæ ducat ad
Adsumus en, inquit, sociorum primus Opheltes : undas. Ipse prospicio ab alto
Utque putat, prædam deserto nactus in agro, 96 tumulo quid aura promittat :
que voco comites, repetoque
Virgineâ puerum ducit per littora formâ. carinam. Opheltes primus so
Ille mero, somnoque gravis titubare videtur, ciorum, inquit, En adsumus :
Vixque sequi. Specto cultum, faciemque, gra utque putat, nactus prædam
dumque : 99 in deserto agro,I ducit puerum
virgineâ form per littora.
Nil ibi, quod posset credi mortale, videbam. Ille gravis mero somno ue,
videtur titubare, vixque sequi. Specto cultum, faciemque, gradumque : videbam nil ibi quod
posset credi mortale.
a innitor.

NOTES.
79. Studii.] Ofmy employment.
81. Aquas.] In which I might fish.
83. Addidici. ] What is the particular force
of ad in addidici.
Addidici.] Addiscere is properly to make
some addition to the art of science which a
man professes.- Moderante. ] Governing.
84. Capellæ. ] The goat Amalthea, which
was said to have nursed Jupiter, was made
a Constellation . It was therefore necessary
for him as a mariner, to be acquainted with
this and other stars.
85, Taygetenque. ]' One of the Pleiades.
Hyadasque.] So called, aπo Toury; i. e.
of raining, because by their rising and set
ting they produce rain.
Arctonque.] The Northern Bear, by which
he meansthe Septentriones, which never set.
86. Ventorumque domos.] The four parts
of the world, whence the winds are said to
blow, the East, West, South, > and North.
For Eurus in the East, Zephyrus in the
West, Auster in the South, and Boreas in
the North, are said to have their respective
houses. Metam. Book I.
Puppibus.] For ships : so a little lower
carina for navis, the part for the whole.
87. Ad oras.] Upon the coast of the Island
Chios.
88. Dextris remis.] The maps will shew
the propriety of this epithet dextris.
Adducor littora. ] I reach the shores.
91. Inferre recentes latices. ] To take in
fresh water.
92. Admoneo.] I order my companions.
94. Repetoque.] I return to the ship.
96. Utque putat.] As he thought. But
Opheltes was mistaken.
97. Puerum.]Bacchus, as Acætes pretended.
98. Titubare.] Bacchus pretended to
stagger, lest he should be known by the
mariners to be a god.
99. Visque.] sc. Posse, i. e. to be able.
He with difficulty followed them, who con
ducted him.
Gradumque ] Step, or gait.
100. Nil ibi, &c.] Actes conjectures by
his dress, his air and gait, that he was pot a
mortal, but a god,
128 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. III

Et sensi et dixi sociis, Dubi- Et sensi, et dixi sociis : quod Numen in isto.Eest.
to ( uod Numen sit in isto Corpore sit dubito ; sed corpore Numen in isto
corpore ; sed Numen est in Quisquis es, ô faveas, nostrisque laboribus adsis :
isto corpore ; Quisquis es, ô
faveas, que adsis nostris labo His quoque des veniam. Pro nobis mitte precari,
ribus : quoque des veniam his. Dictys ait, quo non alius conscendere summas
Dictys ait, Mitte precari pro Ocyor antennas, prensoque rudente relabi. 1,06
nobis, quo non
conscendere summasalius . ocyor Hoc Libys, hoc flavus prore tutela Melanthus,
antennas
que relabi rudente prenso . Hoc probat Alcimedon ; et qui requiemque mo
Libys probat hoc, flavus Me dumque
lanthus tutela proræ probat Voce dabat remis, animorum hortator Epopeus ,
hoc, Alcimedon probat hoc ; et Hoc omnes alii : prædæ tam coca cupido est. 110
Epopeus hortator animorum
qui dabat requiemque mo- Non tamen hanc sacro violari pondere pinum
dumque remis voce. Omnes Perpetiar, dixi : pars hic mihi maxima juris.
dæ probant
alii est hoc : Tamen
tam cæca. cupido præ-
dixi, Inque aditu obsisto. Furit audacissimus omni
Non perpetiar pinum violari De numero Lycabas : qui Thuscâ pulsus ab urbe, 115
sacro pondere : hic maxima Exilium dirâ pœnam pro cæde luebat.
pars juris mihi. Que obsisto Is mihi, dùm resto, juvenili guttura pugno
in aditu. Lycabas furît auda Rupit : et excussum misisset in æquora, si non
cissimus de omni numero : qui
pulsus ab Thuscâ urbe, luebat Hæsissem, quamvis amens, in fune retentus.
exilium pœnam pre dirâ cæ. Impia turba probat factum. Tùm deniquè Bac
de. Is rupit guttura mihi ju chus 119
venili pugno dum resto : et ( Bacchus enim fuerat) veluti clamore solutus
misisset excussum in æquora,
si non hæsissem, quamvis a- Sit sopor: bequemeroredeant in pectora sensus,
mens, retentus in fune. Impia Quid facitis ? Quis clamor ? ait : Quâ, dicite
turba probat factum. Tùm
nautæ,
denique Bacchus (enim fuerat
Bacchus) veluti sopor sit so- Huc ope perveni ? Quò me deferre paratis ;
lutus clamore ; que sensus re- Pone metum, proreus, et quos contingere portus
deuni in pectora e mero, Quid facitis : Quis clamor, ait ? Nautæ dicite quâ ope perveni huc?
Quò paratis deferre me ? Proreus dixit, Pone metum, et ede quos portus velis contingere :
b áque

NOTES.
101. Dubito.] I doubt, i. e. I know not.
103. Adsis.] Be propitious..
104 His.] Spare those who brought thee
hither as a prey,
Pro nobis, &c.] The companions of
Acætes, imagining they had apprehended a
mortal, and not a god, not only refused to
pray for his pardon, but were also greatly
displeased at the worship paid him by
Acætes. For this contempt they were
changed into Dolphins.
106. Ocyor.] More swift.
Antennas.] The sail-yards .
Rudente prenso. ] By catching hold of a
rope.
Relabi.] To descend, to slide down.
107. Proræ tutela.] For one stood at the
prow or head of the ship, to sound the
depth of the water, or perhaps to keep a
look- out.
108. Qui requiemque, &c.] Like the boat
swain with us, Epopeus appointed who were
to be on duty, and when they were to be re
lieved by others.
1 111. Sacro violari, &c.] To be profaned,
and therefore endangered by carrying off a
god.- Pinum.] The ship. A metonymy of
the matter.
112. Pars hic mihi maxima juris.] I have
the greatest share in the command of this
vessel.
113. Obsisto.] I oppose the youth's being
brought into the ship.
115. Pro cæde.] For murder.
117. Excussum.] Pulled from the helm.
118. Amens ] Senseless, stunned with the
blow.
119. Impia turba, ] The impious crew ap
prove of the injury done me.
120. Veluti, &c. ] As if Bacchus was dis
turbed by the noise of the mariners.
121. Emero .] And after drunken::ess.
122 Quâ ope. ] By what means.
124. Pone.] ay aside.
Proreus.] He that stands at the prow
ewes and warns , the pilot ; that is
to say Melanthus. See above, Ver. 6, 7.
FAB. Vlll. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 129

Ede velis, dixit : terrâ sistêre petitâ. 125 sistêre petitâ terrâ. Liber ait,
Naxon, ait Liber, cursus advertite vestros : Advertite vestros cursus
Naxon : illa est domus mi
Illa mihi domus est, vobis erit hospita tellus. hi : erit hospita tellus vobis.
Per mare fallaces, perque omnia Numina jurant Fallaces jurant per mare, per
Sic fore: meque jubent pictæ dare vela carinæ, que omnia Numina, fore sic :
Dextera Naxos crat : dextrâ mihi lintea danti, que jubentNaxos me dareeratvela pict
dextera.
Quid facis, ô demens ? Quis te furor ? Inquit, Quisque pro se inquit, mihi
Acæte, 131 danti lintea dexterâ, Acæte,
Pro se quisque, tenet ? Lævam pete. Maxima furor quid facis, ô demens ? Quis
tenet te ? Pete lævam.
nutu (surrat. Maxima pars significat mihi
Pars mihi significat ; pars, quid velit, aure su- nutu : pars susurrat aure quid
Obstupui; capiatque alius moderamina, dixi : 134 velit. Obstupui : atque dixi,
alius capiat moderamina : que
Meque ministerio scelerisque , artisque removi . removi me ministerio scele
Increpor à cunctis ; totumque immurmurat agmen. risque artisque. Increpor à
E quibus Ethalion, Te scilicet omnis in uno cunctis ; totumque agmenim
Nostra salus posita est, ait. Et subit ipse, meumque murmurat. Equibus Ethalion
Explet opus, Naxoque petit diversa relictâ . 139 ait, Scilicet omnis nostra salus
est posita in te uno. Et ipse
Tùm Deus illudens, tanquam modo denique subit, atque explet meum o
fraudem pus, atque petit diversa, Naxo
relictâ. Tùm Deus illudens
Senserit, è puppi pontum prospectat aduncâ, tanquam modò denique sense
Et flenti similis, non hæc mihi, littora, nautæ, rit, prospectat pontum ex ad
Promisistis, ait : non hæc mihi terra rogata est. uncâ puppi, et similis flenti,
Quô merui pœnam facto ? Quæ gloria vestra ait, Nautæ non promisistis hæe
littora mihi : hæc terra non
est, rogata est mihi, Quô facto
Si puerum juvenes , si multi fallitis unum ? 145 merui pœnam? Quæ est vestra
Jamdudum flebam ; lacrymas manus impia nostras gloria, si juvenes fallitis pue
Ridet, et impellit properantibus æquora remis. rum, si multi fallitis unum ?
Per tibi nunc ipsum(neque enim præsentior illo Flebamjamdudùm; impia ma
nus ridet nostras lacrymas, et
Est Deus) adjuro, tam me tibi vera referre, impellit æquora properanti
bus remis. Nunc adjuro tibi per ipsum (neque enim est Deus præsentior illo) me referre
tibi tam vera,

NOTES.

125. Sistêre.] Thou shalt be set on shore. 140. Deus. ] Bacchus.

126. Naxon. ] Depends upon ad, in ad
vertite.
Naxon.] Naxos is an Isle of the Ægean
sea, the chief of the Cyclades, famous for
plenty of wine.
Advertite.] Direct your course.
131. Quis te, &c.] The order : " quisque
inquit pro se, O Acæte quis furor tenet te? '
Quis furor. sc. Vexat.
152. Nutu.] ? For they were conscious
133. Susurrat.] of their guilt, and afraid
to speak out.
134. Capiatque, &c.] Let some one else
steer the vessel.- Moderamina. ] The helm.
135. Sceleris. ] Of treachery. Because the
god was deceived contrary to their promise.
Artisque . Of steering.
137. Quibus. ] Depends on unus or quidam
understood. -Te scilicet.] Spoken ironically.
139 Diversa.] Scil. loca.
Tanquam.] As if but just now and not be
fore, notwithstanding he knew from the be
ginning he was deceived.
142. Non hæc, &c.] A very fine illusion,
whereby Bacchus expresses himself with
some kind of fear, when at the same time he
was just going to turn the ship's crew, except
Acætes, into Dolphins.
145. Si puerum, &c. ] The opposition in
this line is natural and affecting.
146. Jamdudùm flebam.] I could not for
bear weeping, says Acætes, when Bacchus
first began to complain.- Manus impia.] The
company of wicked mariners.
148. Præsentior ] Applied to a God sig
nifies more powerful ; but from Ovid's man
ner it may well be supposed to have another
meaning : the first, more present, and Acætes
might well use the epithet, conscious that he
himself was Bacchus.
S
130 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB . 111 .

quàm majora fide veri. Pup- Quàmverimajorafide. Stetit æquore puppis 1501
pis
quàm stetit æquore
si tenere haud
t siccu aliter
m navale. Haad aliter, quàm si siccum navale teneret.
İlli admirantes per tant in ver Illi admirantes remorum in verbere perstant :
bere remorum : que deducunt Velaque deducunt ; geminaque ope currere
vela que tentant currere ge tentant.
minâ ope. Hederæ impediunt Impediunt hederæ remos, nexuque recurvo
remos, que serpunt recurvo
nexu, et distringunt vela gra- Serpunt, in gravidis distringunt vela corymbis.
vidis corymbis . Ipse circum- Ipse racemiferis frontem circumdatus uvis 156
datus frontem racemiferis uvis Pampineis agitat velatam frondibus hastam.
agitat hastam velatam pampi- Quem circa tigres, simulacraque a inania lyncum ,
neis frondibus. Circa quem
tigres, que inania simulacra Pictarumque jacent fera corpora pantherarum .
lyncum, que fera corpora pic Exiliêre viri ; (sivè hoc insania fecit, 160
tarum pantherarum jacent. Sivè timor) primusque Medon nigrescere pinnis,
Viri exiliêre (sive insania fecit
hoc, sivè timor) que Medon Corpore depresso et spinæ curvamina flecti
primus incipit nigrescere pin- Incipit. Huic Lycabas, In quæ miracula, dixit,
nis, corpore depresso, et cur- Verteris ? Et lati rictus, et panda loquenti 164
vamina
dixit spinæIn
huic. fiecti.
quæ Lycabas
miracu- Naris erat, squamamque cutis durata trahebat.
la verteris ? Et rictus erant lati, At Lybis, obstantes dùm vult obvertere remos,
et naris panda loquenti, que In spatium resilire manus, breve vidit ; et illas
cutis durata trahebât squa- Jam non esse manus, jam pinnas posse vocari.
mam. At Lybis, dùm vult
obvertere obstantes remos, vi- Alter ad intortos cupiens dare brachia funes 169
dit manus resilire in breve Brachia non habuit, truncoque repandus in undas
spatium ; et illas jam non esse Corpore desiluit : falcata novissima cauda est,
manus, jam posse vocari pin- Qualia dimidiæ sinuantur cornua lunæ.
nas. Alter cupiens dare bra
chia ad intortos funes, non habuit brachia ; que desiluit in undas repandus in trunco cor
pore ; novissima cauda est falcata, qualia cornua dimidiæ lunæ sinuantur.
a immania

NOTES.

150. Quàm veri, &c. ] The sense is, I swear
that I tell you the truth, although it seem to
you incredible.- Stetit. ] The ship stood in
the sea, immoveable.
151. Siccum navale.] A dry dock. Places
where ships are laid up.
Navale. ] The Accusative Case.
152. Remorum in verbere perstant.] Per
sist in rowing.
153 Deducunt. ] They loose and lower the
sails.
Geminâque ope.] Both with sails and oars.
154. Hederæ. ] Branches of ivy. Bacchus
himself, and his priests, were crowned with
ivy. This ever-green is dedicated to Bac
chus, signifying his everlasting youth.
155. Distringunt.] Blind.
Corymbis.] With ivy-berries.
156. Racemiferis uvis.] With bunches of
grapes.
157, Pampineis , &c. ] A description of the
Thyrsus ; a spear adorned with vine-leaves.
Agitat. ] He shakes, to strike terror into
the mariners.- Iastam ] His Thyrsus.
158. Quem circa.] An Anastrophe, for the
Preposition circa is put after its Case, when
it should have been before it.
Inania . ] Empty, being no other than the
apparitions of beasts, that were said to attend
Bacchus.
Lyncum .] A Lynx is a wild beast of differ
ent colours, and of a very quick sight.
159. Pantherarum.] A Panther is a wild
beast, variously spotted.
160. Exiliêre. Leaped overboard, and
were transformed into dolphins, the swiftest
of fish.
161. Nigrescere. ] To grow black.
162. Curvamina spinæ.] The bending of
his back,
164. Lati rictus, ] A wide mouth.
Panda.] Like an ape, crooked.
165. Squamamque trahebat. ] Became
scaly.
166. Obvertere. ] To turn.
167. Resilire.] To shrink and become short.
169. Dare brachia.] To lay hold of the
twisted ropes with his hands,
170. Trunco.] To a bended trunk.
Repandus.] Bent, crooked,
171. Falcata. ] Hooked.
172. Sinuantur.] Are bent, are arched.
FAB. VIII. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 131

Undiquedant saltus, multâque aspergine rorant: Dant saltus undique, que ro

Emerguntque iterum, redeuntque sub æquore rant multâ aspergine : emer
rursus : guntque iterum, redeuntque
174 sub æquore rursus : que lu
Inque chori ludunt speciem, lascivaque jactant dunt in speciem chori, que
Corpora : et acceptum patulis mare naribus ef- jactant lasciva corpora : et
flant. efflant acceptum mare, patu
lis naribus. Restabam solus de
De modò viginti (tot enim ratis illa ferebat) viginti modò ; (enim illa ratis
Restabam solus; pavidum, gelidumque trementi ferebat tot) que Deus vix fir
Corpore, vixque animum firmat Deus : Excute, mat animum pavidum geli
dicens, dumque trementi corpore : di
(lam cens : Excute metum corde,
Corde, metum, Chiamque tene. Delatus in il- que tene Chiam. Delatus in
Accensis aris Baccheïa sacra frequento. 181 illam, frequento Baccheïa sa
Præbuimus longis, Pentheus, ambagibus aures, inquit, cra accensis aris . Pentheus
Præbuimus aures lon
Inquit : ut ira morâ vires adsumere posset. gis ambagibus, ut ira posset
Præcipitem famuli rapite hînc, cruciataque duris absumere vires morâ. Famuli
Corpora tormentis Stygiæ demittite morti. 185 rapite præcipitem hîne ; de
mittite corpora cruciata tor
Protinus abstractus solidis Tyrrhenus Acætes mentis duris Stygiæ morti.
Clauditur in tectis : et, dùm crudelia jussæ Tyrrhenus Acætes abstractus
Instrumenta necis, ferrumque ignesqueparantur, tectis protinùs clauditur in instru
solidis
: et dùm crudelia
Sponte suâ patuisse fores, lapsasque lacertis, menta jussæ necis, ferrumque
Sponte suâ, fama est, nullo solvente, catenas. 190 ignesque parantur, fama est
Perstat Echionides, nec jam jubet ire, sed ipse fores patuisse suâ sponte, que
Vadit ubî electus facienda ad sacra Cytheron sponte, lapsas lacertis sua
catenas nullo
solvente. Echi
Cantibus, et clarâ bacchantum voce sonabat.
onides perstat, nec jam jubet
Ut fremit acer equus, cùm bellicus ære canoro ire, sed ipse vadit, ubì Ci
Signa dedit tubicen, pugnæque assumit amo- theron electus ad facienda sa
rem : cra sonabat cantibus, et clara
voce bacchantum. Ut acer
Penthea sic ictus longis ululatibus æther 196 equus fremit, cùm bellicus
Movit : et audito clangore recanduit ira. tubicen dedit signa canoro æ
re, que assumit amorem pugnæ : Æther sic ictus longis ululatibus movit Penthea et ira
recanduit clangore audito.

NOTES.

173. Dant saltus. ] They leap. So above,
- " Doque leves saltus."
Rorant. ] Are wetted, besprinkled by the
waters being moved. Rorare, by Synecdo
che, for aspergere is frequent in Ovid.
175. Inque chori, &c.] Like a chorus of
dancers and singers, so called òro XODOU.
176. Acceptum mare.] The water received
from the sea. The thing containing for the
thing contained.
178. Pavidum .] Agrees with me under
stood.
179. Vixque meum.] Hardly my own, for
I had lost my senses through surprise and fear.
Vix, &c.] Bacchus encourages me with
difficulty.- Deus.] Bacchus.
180. Chiamque.] sc. the Island.
Illam.] The island Naxos.
181. Frequento.] I attend upon the sa
cred rites of Bacchus.
12. Ambagibus longis .] By a far-fetched,
tedious tale.
187. In tectis.] In a close prison.
191. Echionides.] Pentheus, the son of
Echion.
Nec jam, &c.] Nor does he now command
any person to be present at the performance
of the sacred rites.
192. Cythæron.] A mountain of Boeotia,
where the matrons, celebrating the 'sacred
rites of Bacchus, tore Pentheus in pieces.
293. Bacchantum.] Of the Bacchantes,
who were celebrating the feasts of Bacchus .
Sonabat ] Resounded.
194. Acer equus.] A mettled steed, which
resembled the anger of Pentheus.
Bellicus tubicen .] The warlike trumpet.
195. Signa.] The signal to fight.
196. Ictus ] Struck.
Ululatibus. With the loud shouts of those
who were celebrating the festival of Bac
chus.
197. Movit. ] Incited to anger.
Recanduit.] Was inflamed again.
132 P. OVIDII NASONIS : LIB. 111.

FAB . IX. PENTHEUS A MATRE ET SORORIBUS SUIS DILACERATUR .

Pentheus is torn in pieces by his mother and the other Bacchants.

Est campus undique spec- MONTE ferè medio est, cingentibus ultima
tabilis, purus ab arboribus,
ferè medio monte : sylvis cin sylvis ;
gentibus ultima. Hic mater Purus ab arboribus, spectabilis undique campus.
videt illum cernentem prima Hic oculis illum cernentem sacra profanis
sacra profanis oculis, prima Prima videt, prima est insano concita motu :
est concita insano motu, pri- Prima suum misso violavit Penthea thyrso 5
ma violavit suum Penthea
thyrso misso : Clamavit, Io Mater : Io geminæ, clamavit, adeste sorores.
geminæ sorores, adeste. Ille Ille aper, in nostris errat qui maximus agris,
maximus aper qui errat in Ille mihi feriendus aper. Ruit omnis in unum
nostris agris, ille aper ferien
dus mihi. Omnis turba furens Turba furens : cunctæ coëunt, cunctæque se
ruitin unum. Cunctæ coëunt, quuntur 7 9
cunctæque sequuntur jam Jam trepidum, jam verba minùs violenta locutum,
trepidum, jam locutum minùs
Jam se damnantem, jam se peccâsse fatentem.
violenta : jam damnantem se,
jam fatentemse peccâsse. Ta- Saucius ille tamen, Fer opem, matertera, dixit,
men ille saucius dixit, Mater- Autonoë : moveant animos Actæonis umbræ.
tera Autonoë, fer opem : um- Illa quis Actæon nescit : dextramque precanti
bræ Actæonis moveant ani
mos. Illa nescit quis Acteon, Abstulit : Inoô lacerata est altera a raptu . 15
que abstulit dextram precan- Ille etiam vellet cùm brachia tendere matri,
ti : altera est lacerata Inoô Non habet, infelix, quæ matri brachia tendat..
raptu. Ille etiam cùm vellet
tendere brachia matri, infe Trunca sed ostendens disjectis vulnera membris ;
lix, non habet brachia quæ Aspice Mater, ait. Visis ululavit Agave,
tendat matri. Sed ostendens Collaque jactavit, crinemque per aëra movit, 20
trunca corpora membris dis- Avulsumque caput digitis complexa cruentis,
jectis : ait, Mater aspice. Ag Clamat, lo comites ! opus , hæc victoria, nos
ave ululavit visis, que jactavit
colla, movitque crinem per trum est.
aëra. Que complexa avulsum
caput cruentis digitis, clamat, a -raptu 3
Io comites ! hæc victoria est Ille etiam, vellet cum brachia tendere matri,
nostrum opus. Non habet, &c.

NOTES.

1. Medio monte.] In the middle of Ci-
thæron.
Ultima.] Scil. loca : the extremities or bor
ders ofthe field, depending on cingentibus.
2. Purus ab arboribus. ] Clear of trees.
Spectabilis.] Which might be seen on all
sides, and from every part.
3. Illum.] Pentheus.
Profanis oculis.] Unhallowed eyes.
4. Prima. Agrees with matter.
: 6. Mater.] Agave. #
Geminæ.] Ino and Autonoë.
Adeste.] Come hither, help ye.
Sorores.] Ino and Autonoë.
7. Ille aper.] Pentheus seemed to his mo
ther, who was seized with a phrensy, to be a
Bear.
10. Trepidumque. ] Trembling, who, a
little before, was so proud and stubborn.
Autonoë.] Autonoë was the sister of Agave,
and the mother of Acteon, who was turned
into a stag by Diana. Wherefore he says
above, Autoneïus Heros.
Umbræ Actæonis.] The ghost of Actæon,
who was torn in pieces by his dogs.
14. Illa, &c.] For the women who cele
brated the rites of Bacchus, being inspired
with the phrensy of the deity, forgot every
thing they did, and knew not their own re
lations from others.
Quis Acteon.] Sit is understood.
15, Inoô.] By Ino. Inoô isthe Greek Geni
tive Case. Ino cut off one of Pentheus's
hands.
18. Disjectis membris.] The limbs all scat
tered.
19. Ululavit.] She screamed like an owl.
21. Avulsumque.] Tore off.
Complexa.] Holding.
FAB. IX. METAMORPHOSEON . 133

Non citiùs frondes, autumno frigore tactas, Ventus non citiùs rapit from
des tactas autumno frigore ;
Jamque malè hærentes, altâ rapit arbore ventus; jamque malè hærentes altâ ar
Quam sunt membra viri manibus direpta ne- bore; quàm membra viri sunt
fandis. 25 direpta nefandis manibus. Is
menides monitæ talibus exem
Talibus exemplismonitæ nova sacrafrequentant,
plis frequentant nova sacra,
Thuraque dant, sanctasque colunt Ismenides aras. que dant thura, que colunt
sanctas aras.

NOTES.

25. Non citiùs, &c. ] A beautiful similitude,
by which the poet shows the quick despatch
that Agave and Autonoë made of Pentheus.
Tactas.] Nipped.
25. Viri.] Of Pentheus.
26. Monita.] Agrees with Ismenides, the
Theban women .
27. Ismenides. ] The Theban women. Is
menius is a river not far from Aulis in
Boeotia, in which was Thebes.

EXP. FAB. VIII. & IX. These two fables are no other than a relation of
some historical facts respecting the God Bacchus ; but our author, by fol
lowing the authority of the Grecian writers, is led into great absurdities
respecting the descent of that deity, whom they would have to be origi
nally from their country, notwithstanding he was not known amongst
them until his mysteries were celebrated by Cadmus, who brought them
from Egypt ; but that Prince, finding that they were afterwards much
perverted and abused, endeavoured to suppress them ; and finding his at
tempts were to no purpose, from the fury and frantic zeal of their vota
ries, retired to Illyria.
The latter respects the fate of Pentheus, the son of Echion and Agave,
the daughter of Cadmus, who succeeded his grandfather, and like him,
would have reformed the extravagant revels of that deity, particularly on
Mount Citharon, where he went to suppress them, but was torn in pieces
by the Bacchants, amongst whom were his mother and her sisters.- A
most striking instance of the melancholy effects of an intemperate zeal,
and a bigotry in principle, which is not confined to the Heathen state, as
it but too often appears amongst people of more enlightened understand
ings, and not ignorant of the Gospel dispensations.
 ( 134 )

P. OVIDII NASONIS

METAMORPHOSEΩN ,

LIBER IV .

FAB. I. II . III. & IV. DIRCETIS , NINI REGIS FILIE IN PISCEM. SEMI
RAMIS DIRCETIS FILIE IN COLUMBAM. NAIS IN PISCEM . PYRAMI
ET THISBES CRUOR IN ARBOREM MORUM.

THE ARGUMENT .

The daughters of Minyas, negligent of the feast of Bacchus, entertain

themselves, during the ceremony, with the household concerns, and
relate several stories to fill up the time agreeably ; of the number are
the adventures of Pyramus and Thisbe. These lovers appointed to meet
1 each other without the walls of Babylon : Thisbe first arrived ; but, on
seeing a Lioness, withdrew to hide herself in a cave, and in her hurry
and fright, dropt her scarf : Pyramus coming soon after, and finding his
mistress's scarf all bloody, supposed her devoured by some wild beast ;
on this he kills himself with his sword . Thisbe having recovered from
her fright, returns to meet her lover, when she is surprised by his dead
body, and suspecting the occasion of this melancholy event, plunges
the same fatal weapon into her own breast.

At Alcithoë Mineias non AT non Alcithoë Mineias orgia censet

censet orgia Dei accipienda : Accipienda Dei : sed adhuc temeraria Bac
sed adhuc temeraria negat
Bacchum. chum

) NOTES.
1. At.] A Participle by which the poet
artfully connects one story with another.
q. d. Others, nay indeed all the women of
Thebes, celebrated the festival of Bacchus,
but Alcithoë and her sisters despised them,
affirming that Bacchus was not the son of
Jupiter.
Orgia. ] All kinds of sacred festivals were
so called at first. But the rites of Bacchus
were, afterwards, in a special manner, called
by this name, which were first celebrated in
a mountain of Boeotia, near Thebes (where
Bacchus was born) which was called Cithæ
ron, from the frequent sounding of the Ci
thara, or Harp. They were celebrated every
third year, and therefore called Trieterica,
triennial feasts.
2. Sed adhuc. ] But notwithstanding_the
grievous punishment inflicted upon Pen
theus, she persists in denying Bacchus to be
the son ofJupiter.
FAB. I. METAMORPHOSEON. 135

Progeniem negat esse Jovis, sociasque sorores esse progeniem Jovis, que ha
Impietatis habet. Festum celebrare sacerdos, 4 bet sorores socias impietatis.
Sacerdos jusserat dominas fa
Immunesque operum famulas dominasque suo- mulasque, immunes suorum
Pectora pelle tegi, crinales solvere vittas, [ rum ; operum, + celebrare festum ;
Serta comis, manibus frondentes sumere thyrsos, pectora tegi pelle, solvere cri
nales vittas, serta comis, et
Jusserat : et sævam læsi fore Numinis iram, sumere frondentes thyrsos ma-,
Vaticinatus erat. Parent matresque, nurusque ; nibus : et erat vaticinatus iram
Telas, et calathos, infectaque pensa reponunt : 10 læsi Numinis fore sævam.
Thuraque dant, Bacchumque vocant, Bromi- Matresque nurusque parent :
reponunt telas, et calathos,
umque, Lyæumque, [ matrem. infectaque pensa : que dant
Ignigenamque, satumque iterum, solumque bi- thura, que vocant Bacchum,
Additur his Nyseusque, indetonsusque Thyoneus, Bromiumque, Lyxumque, Ig
Et cum Lenæo genialis consitor uvæ ; [Evan : nigenamque, satumque ite
rum, solumque bimatrem.
Nycteleusque, Eleleusque parens, et lacchus, et Nyseusque additur his, inde
Et quæ præterea per Graias plurima gentes 16 tonsusque Thyoneus, et geni
alis consitor uvæ cum Lenæo:
Nomina, Liber, habes. Tibi enim inconsumpta
Nycteleusque, Eleleusque, pa
juventus, rens, et Iacchus, et Evan : et
Tu puer æternus, tu formosissimu alto s præterea plurima nomina quæ
Conspiceris cœlo : tibi, cùm sinè cornibus astas, tes. Liber habes per Graias gen
Enim est inconsumpta
juventus tibi, tu æternus puer, tu formosissimus conspiceris alto cœlo : virgineum caput est
tibi, cum astas sinè cornibus.

NOTES.
3. Sociasque sorores.] His sisters despised
the feasts of Bacchus.
4. Sacerdos.] Either Tiresias, or some
other person .
5. İmmunesque.] Free from their occupa
tions.
10. Calathos ] Baskets which they used to
put their distaffs and wool in.
Infectaque pensa.] Unfinished tasks .
11. Thura dant. ] They sacritice.
Bacchumque.] The poet enumerates the
names of Bacchus, by which he was invoked
by the women who celebrated his rites. He
was called . Bacchus , ἀπὸ του βακχείν ;
i. e. from being mad, which he and his votaries
seemed to be.- Bromiumque. ] 'Arò
Tou ßpɛuan ; i. e. from making a bawl
ing, raving noise.
Lyæumque. ] Ano TOU Aúa ; i. e. of
solvendo, setting free from, because Curas
solvit vinum, Wine dissipates cares. Whence
also he was called Liber, as freeing the
mind from care and anxiety.
12. Ignigenamque . ] He is called Ignige
na; i. e. fire-born, because Semele, smitten
with the fire of Jupiter, or a thunderbolt,
brought him forth ; and he is called Iterum,
or bis natus, for the same reason that he is
called Bimatris. - Satumque.] Bis natum, i . e.
twice born : first of the womb of Semele,
and afterwards of the thigh of Jupiter.
13. Nyseusque. ] So called of Nysa, a city
of India, which Bacchus subdued..
Indetonsusque.] Having long hair, for so
he is painted.
Thyoneus.] Bacchus was SO called,
arò rou Sów, i. e. I sacrifice, or rather
of Thyon his mother, who was also called Se
mele.
14. Lenæo. ] He takes this epithet from a
wine-press, in Greek anvòs.
Genialis.] Accommodated to wit and plea
sure. Genius is taken by some to be the
God of pleasure : whence a voluptuous per
son is called Genialis. Hence comes dies
genialis and homo genialis.
Consitor.] The Planter. For Bacchus first
showed men the use of wine.
15. Nycteleusque ] Because his sacred rites
were celebrated by night, ἀπὸ τῆς
uxlos ; i. e. from night .
Eleleusque. ] 'EXAS, was an usual
cry in the Bacchanals. They used also this
acclamation in the warlike Pæans. See Aris
toph . in Avib.
Iacchus . ] ᾿Απὸ τῆς ῥακχῆς , from
brawling.
Evan. ] Fuzy. This was a word
used bythe Bacchanalian women to Bacchus.
And from hence comes the surname Evan in
Latin.
17. Tibi, &c.] A hymn to Bacchus, sung
at his festivals.- Inconsumpta.] Never spent.
Bacchus was painted naked, and with a
youthful countenance.
18. Formosissimus.] The most beautiful.
Bacchus was thought by the ancients to be
the Sun; and it is certain the Sun is the
most beautiful of all the heavenly bodies.
19. Cornibus. ]. Why horns were attributed
to Bacchus, mythologists are very much
136 • P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IV.

Oriens vietus tibi, adusque In- Virgineum caput est. Oriens tibi victus, adusque
dia quà decolor cingitur ex- Decolor extremo a quà cingitur India Gange.21
tremo Gange. Tu, venerande,
mactas sacrilegos, Penthea, Penthea, tu venerande, bipenniferumque Ly
bipenniferumque Lycurgum : curgum
que mittis Tyrrhena corpora Sacrilegos mactas : Tyrrhenaquemittis in æquor
in æquor. Tu premis colla
bijugum lyncum insignia pic- Corpora. Tu bijugum pietis insignia frænis 24
tis frænis : Bacchæ, Satyrique Colla premis lyncum : Bacche, Satyrique sequun
sequuntur. Que senex qui Quique senex ferulà titubantes ebrius artus [tur,
ebrius sustinet titubantes artus Sustinet, et pando non fortiter hæret asello,
ferulâ, et non hæret fortiter
pando asello. Quacunque in- Quacumque ingrederis, clamor juvenilis, et unà
grederis, juvenilis elamor, et Fœmineæ voces, impulsaquetympana palmis.29
unâ fœmineæ voces, que tym- Concavaque æra sonant, longoque foraminebux
pana impulsa palmis, que con- Pacatus mitisque, rogant Ismenides, adsis : [us.
cava æra sonant, que buxus
longo foramine. Que Isme- Jussaque sacra colunt. Solæ Mineïdes intùs
nides rogant,adsis placatus mi- Intempestivâ turbantes festa Minervâ,
tisque ; que colunt jussa sacra. Aut ducunt lanas, aut stamina pollice versant,
Mineïdes solæ intùs, turbantes
festa intempestivâ Minervâ, Aut hærent tela, famulasque laboribus urgent.
aut ducunt lanas, aut versant E quibus una levi deducens pollice filum, 36
stamina pollice, aut hærent Dum cessant aliæ, commentaque sacra frequen
teke, que urgent famulas la
boribus. E quibus una de tant ; [inquit,
ducens filum levi pollice, dùm Nos quoque, quas Pallas melior Dea detinet,
aliæ cessant, que frequentant Utile opus manuum vario sermone levemus.
commenta sacra, inquit, quo
que nos, quas Pallas melior Dea detinet, levemus utile opus manuum vario sermone.
a quà tingitur,

NOTES.
divided. Some pretend, that it was in allu
sion to the effects of wine, which made men
fierce and unruly ; others will have it to be
on account of the cups out of which wine
was drunk, they being made of the horns of
beasts ; and others, from his being the first
that yoked oxen together to plough the
ground.
20. Oriens.] In another place the poet in
forms us, that Bacchus triumphed on account
of having conquered the Indians.
Adusque.] An Anastrophe, for Usque ad
eam partem.
21. Decolor. ] Black, and of a bad colour.
Gange. ] Ganges is the furthest river of
India.
22. Bipenniferum.] Ax-bearing Lycur
gus, king of Thrace, in contempt of Bacchus,
pretended to prune vines, but unfortunately
cut off his own legs in the attempt.
23. Sacrilegos.] Profaners of thy sacred
mysteries: for Bacchus purged the world of
sacrilegious persons, and contemners of the
gods. He is called sacrilegus, who steals a
sacred thing from a sacred place. Ter. Ubi
est ille sacrilegus ? Hence comes Sacrilege,
i. e. a stealing of holy things.
Tyrrhenaque.] Of the Tyrrhenian mari
ners. Concerning which, see Book III .
Fab. 10.
24. Bijugum.] Of double yoked beasts.
Lynxes are said to draw the chariot of Bac
chus.
25. Satyrique.] The ancients feigned Sa
tyrs to be very lustful, and to have goats
feet. This sort of monsters they worshipped
for Sylvan gods. Bacchus was very inuch
delighted with their dancing.
26. Quique, &c.] Silenus, who was school
master and foster-father to Bacchus, is com
monly represented by an old man riding
upon an ass.—————--Ferulâ.
] ] A stick with which
old men are used to walk, so called offerien
do, i, e. striking.
27. Pando asello.] Crooked-back'd Ass,
on which Silenus rode, following Bacchus.
30. Concavaque æra.] Brazen cymbals,
Longoque, &c.] A pipe made of boxwood.
32. Mineïdes.] The daughter of Mineus.
Intùs.] Shut up at home, when all the rest
were gone to Citharon.
33. Minerva. ] A metonymy. Minerva,
the inventress of working wool, is put for the
art itself.
34. Stamina. ] The thread which hangs from
the distaff is called stamen.
37. Cessant. ] Are idle, celebrating the
feast of Bacchus -Commentaque. False,
imaginary.
59. Levemus.] Let us make light,
 FAB. I. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 137

Perque vices aliquid, quod tempora longa videri Que referamus in medium ad
Non şinat, in medium vacuas referamus ad aures, vacuas aures aliquid per vices,
quod non sinat tempora videri
Dicta probant, primamque jubent narrare sorores, longa. Probant dicta, que so
Illa quid è multis referat (nam plurima norat) rores jubent primam narrare.
Cogitat : et dubia est, de te Babylonia narret Illa cogitat quid referat è mul
Derceti, quam versâ squamis velantibus artus 45 tis (nam norat plurima :) et
dubia est narret de te, Baby
Stagna Palæstini credunt a celebrasse figurâ ; lonia Derceti, quam Palestini
An magis ut sumptis illius filia pennis, credunt celebrasse stagna fi
Extremos altis in turribus egerit annos ; gurâ versâ squamis velantibus
Naïs an ut cantu, nimiumque potentibus herbis artus : an magis ut filia illius
Verterit in tacitos juvenilia corpora pisces ; 50 sumptis mos annospennis, egerit
in altis extre;
turribus
Donec idem passa est ; an quæ poma alba ferebat, an ut Nais verterit juvenilia
: Ut nunc nigra ferat contactu sanguinis arbor. corpora in tacitos pisces cantu
Hæc placet: hanc, quoniam vulgaris fabula non est, nimiumque potentibus herbis :
donec passa est idem : an ut
Talibus orsa modis, lana sua fila sequente. arbor, quæ ferebat alba poma,
Pyramus et Thisbe, juvenum pulcherrimus alter ; nunc ferat nigra contactu san
Altera, quas Oriens habuit, prælata puellis, 56 guinis. Hæc placet : quoni
am fabula non est vulgaris,
Contiguas tenuêre domos : ubi dicitur altam orsa hanc talibus modis, lanâ
Coctilibus muris cinxisse Semiramis urbem. sequente sua fila. Pyramus et
Notitiam, primosque gradus vicinia fecit : 59 Thisbe, alter pulcherrimus
Tempore crevit amor : tædæ quoque jure cois- juvenum ; altera prælata pu
ellis, quas Oriens habuit, te
sent ; nuère contiguas domos : ubi
Sed vetuêre patres, quod non potuêre vetare. Semiramis dicitur cinxisse al
tam urbem coctilibus muris. Vicinia fecit notitiam, primosque gradus ; amor crevit tem
pore : quoque coissentjure tædæ : sed patres vetuêre, quod non potuêre vetare.
a coluisse.

NOTES.

41. In medium.] In common, and for com last turned into a fish.
mon diversion. -Vacuas.] At leisure. 55. Alter.] Pyramus.-56. Altera.] Thisbe.
42. Dubia est.] She is in doubt whether 37. Contiguas.] Joining to one another.
she should relate the story of Dercetis turn 58.] Coctilibus.] Built with bricks and
ed into a fish, or of Semiramis into a dove. mortar.
46. Stagna.] The lake into which Dercetis Semiramis.] Wife of Ninus, king of the
the daughter of Venus is reported to have Assyrians, a woman of a heroic spirit, who,
cast herself, is near Ascalon, a city of Syria. on the death of her husband, put on man's
Palæstini.] A people of Syria, near Ara apparel, and personating her son, succeeded
bia, so called of the city and country of Pa to the throne ; and that she might excel her
lestine. late husband in the glory of his achievements,
Celebrâsse .] To have inhabited. among many great acts, built the city of Ba
47. Filia ] Semiramis was the daughter of bylon.
Dercetis, whose image in Phoenicia, as re Urbem.] Babylon. Consult your Diction
lated by Lucian, was of a very extraordinary ary for the meaning of coctilibus muris.
kind. It represented her from the middle 59. Primosque gradus. ] The first degrees
upwards, a woman, but below she terminat of love.
ed in a fish. There was another statue ofher 60, Tædæ quoque, &c.] The pointing is
at Hierapolis, representing her wholly a wo here taken from a quotation of these two
man, in a temple built, as some imagine, by lines in a note of Dr. Clarke upon Homer :
her daughter Semiramis, who consecrated it the alteration is elegant, agreeable to Ovid's
to her mother Dercetis. Ovid follows the manner, and removes the tautology that
opinion of those who credulously believed would otherwise appear in Ex æquo captis,
her to have been changed into a dove. &c. Tæda, signifies her matrimony ; for
49. An Naïs.] Or whether she should the bride was conducted home by the light
tell the story how the nymph Naïs turned of five torches.
young men into fishes, and was herself at Jure.] By lawful matrimony,
T
 138 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IV.

Ambo ardebant ex æquo cap- Ex æquo captis ardebant mentibus ambo :

tis mentibus. Omnis conscius Conscius omnis abest ; nutu signisque loquuntur :
abest ; loquuntur nutu sig
nisque ; quoque magis ignis Quoque magis tegitur, tectus magis æstuat ignis,
tegitur, tectus magis æstuat. Fissus erat tenui rimâ, quam duxerat olim, 65
Paries communis utrique do- Cùm fieret, paries domui communis utrique,
mui erat, fissus tenui rimâ, Id vitium nulli per secula longa notatum ;
quam duxerat olim cùm fie
ret ; (quid amor non sentit ? ) (Quid non sentit amor ? ) primi vidistis amantes.
amantes primi vidistis id vi- Et voci fecistis iter : tutæque per illud
tium notatum nulli per longa Murmure blanditiæ minimo transire solebant. 70
secula. Et fecistis iter voci : Sæpe ut constiterant, hinc Thisbe, Pyramus illinc ;
que blanditiæ solebant tran
sire tute per illud minimo Inque vicem fuerat captatus anhelitus oris ;
murmure. Sæpe ut constite. Invide, dicebant, paries, quid amantibus obstas ?
rant, Thisbe hinc, Pyramus Quantùm erat, ut sineres nos toto corpore jungi ?
illine ; que anhelitus oris fue- Aut hoc si nimiùm, vel ad oscula danda pateres !
rat captatus in vicem : dice- Nec sumus ingrati : tibi nos debere fatemur, 76
bant, Invide paries quid ob
stas amantibus ? Quantum Quod datus est verbis ad amicas transitus aures.
erat, ut sineres nos jungi toto Talia diversâ nequicquam sede locuti
corpore ? Aut si hoc esset ni- Sub noctem dixêre, Vale : partique dedëre
mium, vel pateres ad danda Oscula quisque suæ, non pervenientia contrà.80
Oscula ! nec sumus ingrati :
" fatemur nos debere tibi quod Postera nocturnos Aurora removerat ignes,
transitus datus est verbis, ad Solque pruinòsas radiis siccaverat herbas :
amicas aures. Locuti talia Ad solitum coiêre locum . Tum murmure parvo,
nequicquam diversa sede; Multa priùs questi, statuunt ut nocte a silenti
sub noctem dixere, Vale : que
quisque dedêre suæ parti os Fallere custodes , foribusque excedere tentent : 85
cula non pervenientia contra. Cumque domo exierint. urbis quoque btecta
Postera Aurora removerat
relinquant :
nocturnos ignes, Solque sicca- Neve sit errandum lato spatiantibus arvo;
verat pruinosas herbas radiis :
coiêre ad solitum locum. Tum Conveniant ad busta Nini: lateantque sub umbrâ
questi multa priùs parvo murmure, statuunt ut tentent fallere custodes ' silenti nocte, que
excedere foribus . Cumque exierint domo, quoque relinquant tecta urbis : neve sit errandum
spatiantibus in lato arvo ; conveniant ad busta Nini : lateantque sub umbrâ

a sequente. b claustra.

NOTES.

62. Captis mentibus.] Caught with love.
64. Ignis. Love : a metaphor taken from
fire deceitfully hidden under ashes, as Ho
race says.
65. Tenui rimâ.] A small chink.
Duxerat.] It had contracted, cum fieret,
in the building.
67. Id vitium. ] That flaw had never been
8 perceived by any one. For the Order, see
the margin. Notatum.] Perceived.
69. Vocis.] So below.
J 72. Inque vicem.] By turns.
74. Quantum. q . d. It would be but a
small matter to permit us to be joined to
gether by our whole persons.
75. Vel ] Even.
Ad oscula, &c. You ought to open so
much as that we might kiss one another.
76. Debere ] To be obliged, beholden.
79. Sub noctem. At night.
80. Non pervenientia.] Which did not
come to the other side.
81. Ignes ] The stars which are dissipated
at the approach of the morning.
82. Pruinosas.] Sprinkled, or wet with a
hoary dew. Pruina is dew.
83. Coiêre.] They came together. They
met.
84. Silenti nocte.] In the night-time.
85. Fallere custodes.] To deceive their
keepers, who are called Janitores.
Foribusque.] From the houses, part for
the whole, Excedere.] To go out.
85. Tecta.] The houses.
87. Spatiantibus . ] Agrees with illis, viz.
# Pyramus and Thisbe. In wandering. Spa
tiari is to walk about in a large space.
88. Ad busta Nini.] To Ninus's tomb, a
king of the Assyrians. Bustum is properly
the place in which dead bodies are buried,
 FAB. I. METAMORPHOSEON. $139

arboris, Ibi arbor, ardua

Arboris. Arbor ibi niveis uberrima pomis
morus, uberrima niveis po
Ardua morus erat, gelido contermina fonti. 90 mis, erat contermina gelido
Pacta placent : & lux tarde discedere visa fonti. Pacta placent : & lux
Præcipitaturaquis, et aquis nox surgit ab isdem. visa discedere tarde, præcip
Callida per tenebras, versato cardine, Thisbe itatur aquis, & nox surgit ab
îsdem aquis. Thisbe callida
Egreditur, fallitque suos : adopertaque vultum egreditur per tenebras, versa
Pervenit ad tumulum ; dictâque sub arbore sedit. to cardine, fallitque suos =
Audacem faciebat Amor. Venit ecce recenti 96 adopertaque vultum pervenit
ad tumultum ; que sedit sub
Cæde leæna boum spumantes oblita rictus, dictâ arbore. Amor faciebat
Depositura sitim vicini fontis in undâ ; audacem. Ecce leæna venit
Quam procul ad lunæ radios Babylonia Thisbe oblita rictus spumantes recen
ti cæde boum, depositura si
Vidit, & obscurum a timido pede fugit in an tim in undâ vicini fontis :
trum . 100 quam Babylonia Thisbe vidit
Dùmque fugit; tergo velamina lapsa relinquit. procul ad radios lunæ, & fu
git in obscurum antrum timi
Ut lea sæva sitim multâ compescuit undâ, do pede. Dùmque fugit, re
Dum redit in sylvas, inventos fortè sinè ipsâ linquit velamina lapsa tergo.
Ore cruentato tenues laniavit amictus. Ut lea sæva compescuit sitim
Seriùs egressus vestigia vidit in alto 105 multâ unda, dûm redit in syl
Pulvere certa feræ, totoque expalluit ore [ tam vas , laniavit tenues amictus,
inventos fortè sinè ipsâ cru
Pyramis. Ut verò vestem quoque sanguine tinc- entato ore. Pyramus egress
Repperit ; Una duos, inquit, nox perdet aman- us seriùs vidit certa vestigia
E quibus illa fuit longâ dignissima vitâ. [tes ; fere in alto pulvere, que ex
palluit toto ore. Ut vero rep
Nostra nocens anima est. Ego te miseranda per- perit quoque vestem tinctam
emi, 110 sanguine ; inquit, Una nox
In loca plena metùs qui jussi nocte venires : perdet duos amantes ; ê qui
bus illa fuit dignissima longâ
Nec prior hûc veni. Nostrum divellite corpus, vitâ. Nostra anima est nocens.
Et scelerata fero consumite viscera morsu, Miseranda ego peremi te, qui
O quicunque sub hâc habitatis rupe leones ! 114 jussi venires nocte in loco ple
na metus : nec veni huc prior.
O leones, quicunque habitatis sub hâc rupe, divellite nostrum corpus, & consumite scelerata
viscera fero morsu ! a trepido.
NOTES.

90. Ardua.] High. 98. Depositura sitim.] To quench her thirst.

Contermina.] Near to, neighbourhood.
91 Tardè.] He expresses the affection of
lovers, to whom the days seem long till the
appointed time of meeting.
92. Ab îsdem aquis. ] Into the Western
ocean : according to the opinion of the com
mon people, who thought the sun set in the
Western seas - Nox surgit. ] For where the
sun sets, there night seems to proceed.
93. Versato cardine. ] Turning the hinge,
1 by keeping her promise, and coming to the
i. e. the doors being opened.
94. Adopertaque vultum.] Having her
face covered, lest she should meet any one
who knew her.- 95. Dictâque.] Appointed.
96. Audacem.] The poets reason why she
was so bold, as to sit alone in a field in the
night -Ecce.] This Particle always denotes
some sudden and unexpected mischief.
97. Spumantes oblita rictus. ] Having her
mouth frothy with the blood of oxen,
Oblita. ] From oblîno, having (i) short,
oblitus with (i) long comes from obliviscor.
99. Quam.] The Lioness.
100. Timido pede.] With trembling and
hasty feet.
102. Ut lea.] After that the Lioness,
· Compescuit.] Had extinguished, quench
ed.
104. Laniavit.] She tore.
Amictus.] The veil.-107, Vestem.] The
veil.
109. Illa dignissima.] Thisbe was worthy,
place before the time appointed.
110. Nostra anima.] My soul.
Miseranda.] The Vocative agrees with
Thisbe, understood. Pyramus confesses he
was the cause of the death of Thisbe, whom
he supposed to have been torn in picces by
the Lioness.- Peremi.] I have killed.
111. Jussi.] Because I bid her. A relative
expressing the manner how Pyramus was in
strumental to Thisbe's death.
114, Rupe.] Under this rock, in this cave.
 140 P. " OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IV.

Sed est timidi optare necem. Sed Timidi est optare necem. Velamina Thisbes
Tollit velamina Thisbes, & Tollit, & ad pactæ secum fert arboris umbram.
fert secum ad umbram pactæ
arboris. Utque dedit lacry- Utque dedit notæ lacrymas, dedit oscula vesti,
mas notæ vesti, dedit oscula ; Accipe nunc, inquit, nostri quoque sanguinis
inquit, Accipe nunc quoque haustus ;
haustus nostri sanguini s ; que Quôque erat accinctus, demittit in ilia ferrum.
demittit ferrum quô erat ac
cinctus in ilia. Nec mora : Nec mora: ferventi moriens è vulneretraxit, 120
moriens traxit è ferventi vul- Et jacuit resupinus humi : cruor emicat altè.
nera,&jacuit resupinus humi ; Non aliter, quam cùm vitiato fistula plumbo,
cruor emicat altè. Non aliter
quàm cùm fistula scinditur Scinditur, & tenues, stridente foramine, longè
plumbo vitiato, & ejaculatur Ejaculatur aquas : atque ictibus aëra rumpit.
tenues aquas longè foramine Arborei foetus aspergine cædis in atram 125
stridente : atquè rumpit aëra Vertuntur faciem : madefactaque sanguine radix
ictibus. Arborei foetus vertun
tur in atram faciem asperginc Puniceo tingit pendentia mora colore.
cædis que radix madefacta Eccè, metu nondum posito, ne fallat amantem,
sanguine tingit pendentia mo- Illa redit : juvenemque oculis animoque requirit :
rapuniceo colore. Eccè, illa,
metu nondùm posito, redit, Quantaque vitârit narrare pericula gestit. 130
ne fallat amantem : que re- Utque locum, & versam cognovit in arbore for
quirit juvenem oculis animo mam ;
que : que gestit narrare quan- ( Sic facit incertam pomicolor ) hæret an hæc sit.
ta pericula vitârit.
cognovit locum, & formam Dùm dubitat, tremebunda videt pulsare cruen
in arbore versam (color pomi tum [buxo
sic facit incertam) hæret an Membra solum ; retròque pedem tulit ; oraque
hæc sit. Dùm dubitat, vidit
tremebunda membra pulsare Pallidiora gerens, exhorruit æquoris instar, 135
cruentum solum ; que tulit pedem retrò : que gerens ora pallidiora buxo, exhorruit in
star æquoris,

NOTES.

Leones.] An Apostrophe to the Lions, by of the blood.

whom Pyramus thought Thisbe had been de
voured.
115. Timidi , &c.] It is the part of a cow
ard to wish for death, when a man of courage
may obtain it.
116. Pactæ.] Appointed. A little above
he had said dictam.
117. Notæ.] Agrees with vesti.
119. Ferrum.] His sword. A metonymy
ofthe matter.
121. Emicat.] Springs out..
122. Non aliter.] By an elegant similitude
the poet shows how high the blood of Pyra
mus sprung from the wound. The blood
spouts from the wound like water from a
broken pipe.
Vitiato. ] Being broken, spoiled.
Fistula.] A pipe of lead, by which water
is conveye d. So called, because it is like a
musical pipe.
123. Stridente foramine.] the hissing ori
fice.
124. Ejaculatur. ] Throws out. - Aëra rum
pit.] Breaks the air with its strokes.
125. Foetus. ] Mulberries, the fruit of that
tree. -Aspergine cædis,] By the sprinkling
In atram faciem.] Into a black colour.
128. Posito.] Having laid aside.
129. Redit.] Thisbe returned.
Juvenemque.] Pyramus.
130. Gestit narrare.] She is very desirous
to tell him.
151. Utque locum, &c.] After Thisbe had
observed the place and the tree, she was in
doubt, if right or not, as the colour of the
mulberries had been changed from white to
black.
132. Color.] The colour ofthe mulberries
changed into a dark red. Pomum is a gene
ral name for all fruit whatsoever, whether
they have soft or hard rinds ; but it is most
generally used for fruits that have soft rinds.
Hæret an hæc sit.] She doubts whether
this be the tree, under which he had sat a
little before.
133. Tremebunda.] Fainting.
Pulsare. ] To beat ; for Pyramus was not
yet quite dead.
134. Membra.] Limbs, not his limbs, for
she does not yet know for certain, that it was
he.- Retroque, &c.] She starts back.
135. Exhorruit.] She trembled. It is easier
FAB. I. METAMORPHOSEON . 141
1

Quod a fremit, exiguà cùm summum stringitur Quod fremit, cum summum
aura. stringitur exiguâ aurâ. Sed
postquam remorata, cognovit
Sed postquam remorata, suos cognovit amores, suos amores, percutit indig
Percutit indignos claro plangore lacertos : nos lacertos claro plangore :
et laniata comas, amplexaque
Et laniata comas ; amplexaque corpus amatum,
amatum corpus, supplevit vul
Vulnera supplevit lacrymis ; fletumque cruori nera lacrymis : que miscuit
Miscuit: et gelidis in vultibus oscula figens, 141 fletum cruori : et figens os
Pyrame, clamavit, quis te mihi casus ademit? cula in gelidis vultibus, cla
Pyrame, responde, tua carissima Thisbe mavit, Pyrame, quis casus
ademit te mihi ? Pyrame res
Nominat. Exaudi : vultusque attolle jacentes. ponde, carissima tua Thisbe
Ad nomen Thisbes, oculos jam morte gravatos nominat te. Exaudi : que
Pyramus erexit, visâque recondidit illâ. 146 attolle jacentes vultus. Py
ramus erexit oculos jam gra
Quæ postquàm vestemque suam cognovit, et ense vatos morte ad nomen Thisbes,
Vidit ebur vacuum, Tua te manus, inquit, que recondidit illâ visâ, Quæ
amorque postquam cognovit, suamque
Perdidit infelix. Est et mihi fortis in unum 149 vestem, et vidit ebur vacuum
Hoc manus, est et amor ; dabit hic in vulnera ense, inquit, Infelix, tua ma
nus amorque perdidit te. Est
vires. et mihi manus fortis in hoc
Persequar extinctum, lethique miserrima dicar unum, et est amor ; hic dabit
Causa, comesque tui : quique à me morte revelli vires in vulnera. Persequar
extinctum, que dicar miser
Heu solâ, poteras, poteris nec morte revelli ! rima causa comesque tui le
His tamen amborum verbis estote rogati, thi : que heu qui poteras re
Omultum miserique mei, illiusque parentes, 155 velli me morte
teris àrevelli solâ, nec
morte. po
Tamen
Ut, quos certus amor, quos hora novissima junxit, & multum miseri parentes mei
Componi tumulo non invideatis eodem. illiusque, estote rogati his
verbis amborum, ut non in
videatis componi in eôdem tumulo quos certus amor, quos hora novissima junxit.
a tremit.

NOTES.
to conceive than to express the full import
of this Verb. Horror, from which it is de
rived, is a word expressing by its rough
ness, the idea it would convey, and signifies
that sensation which the mind feels upon
receiving some unexpected shock, when hu
man nature starts back, and the blood stands
congealed, rigid, and frozen ; and that this
is the proper effect of the idea, we may
learn from the similes used by the classic
writers to convey it, as they compare to it
the points of the spears of an whole army,
and the roughness and blackness that ap
pears on the surface of a calm sea, as the
breeze brushes it along.
Aquoris instar.] Like the sea - Instar. ]
The accusative depends on ad, understood.
136. Fremit. Trembles.- -Summum ]
Agrees with æquor, the surface.
Stringitur.] Is brushed.
157. Suos amores.] Put for Pyramus her
lover.
138. Indignos.] qui percutiantur, innocent.
139. Laniata comas.] Tearing her hair.
140. Supplevit. ] Filled.
141. In gelidis vultibus.] In the cold, dy
ing face of Pyramus.
142. Quis casus.] What misfortune.
Ademit.] Hath snatched away.
145. Pyrame.] An Epizeuxis.
145. Jam.] By this time.
146. Erexit.] Opened.
Recondidit.] Shut them again.
147. Vestemque. ] Her veil, with which
Pyramus being deceived . slew himself.
148. Ebur.] The ivory scabbard.
Vacuum ] Without a sword.
Tua, &c.] Thou hast slain thyself for the
love thou hadst for me.
150. Hic.] Amor, scil.- Hic.] Love.
In vulnera. To wound myself.
152. Revelli.] To be separated.
153. Tamen.] This word always refers
to quamvis going before, either expressed or
understood , it is here elegantly suppressed,
as if she had said, Though ye, O parents,
would not indulge us in life, pity us at least
in death, and grant this last request.
156. Certus.] True.
157. Componi.] To be interred and bu
ried together.
Tumulo côdem.] In the same scpulchre.
Invideatis Do not enviously oppose our
desires
142 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IV.

At tu arbor, quæ nunc tegis At tu, quæ ramis arbor miserabile corpus
unius, mox es tectura duorum ;
miserabile corpus unius,
es tectura duorum te Nunc tegis
ramis ;mox
ne signa cædis ; semper habe Signa tene cædis : pullosque et luctibus aptos 160
pullos fœtus et aptos luctibus, Semper habe foetus, gemini monumenta cruoris.
monumenta gemini cruoris. Dixit : et aptato pectus mucrone sub imum
Dixit et mucrone aptato sub Incubuit ferro ; quod adhuc à cæde tepebat.
imum :pectus, incubuit ferro :
quod adhuc tepebat à cæde. Vota tamen tetigêre Deos, tetigêre parentes. 164
Tamen vota tetigêre Deos, te- Nam color in pomo est, ubi permaturuit, ater:
tigêre parentes. Nam ater est
in urna.
in pomo, ubi permaturuit co Quodque rogis superest, unâ requiescit
lor : quodque superest rogis, requiescit in unâ urnâ.
NOTES.
160. Pullos.] Black. 164. Vota, &c.] Her prayers moved the
161. Monumenta. ] Memorials . gods, for they changed the colour of the
Gemini cruoris.] The blood of two, Py fruit, and their parents also, for they had
ramus and Thisbe. them buried in the same tomb.
162. Aptato mucrone. ] The point being Tetigêre.] Reached.
directed.- Sub imum.] At the lowest part of 165. Permaturuit.] It is full ripe.
her breast. 166. Quodque rogis superest.] Their ashes
163. Incubuit ferro.] She fell upon the remained after the burning.
sword with which Pyramus had but a little Urnâ.] A vessel, in which the ashes ofthe
before slain himself. dead were preserved.

EXP. FAB. I. II . III. & IV. From what is mentioned by Ovid in the close
of the Third Book, and the beginning of the Fourth, it is evident that the
introduction of the worship of Bacchus into Greece from Egypt, was at
tended with other difficulties than the banishment of Cadmus, and the death
of his son Pentheus ; but his priests, who were interested, invented several
wonders said to be performed by their God, in order to gain him credit with
the people, which in those days of ignorance and superstition, was no very
difficult task. These were the supports of the Heathen worship, and out of
which, as the Scripture phrase is, the priests " sucked thereout no small ad
vantage." The story of Pyramus and Thisbe, which is given in the argu
ment, and was related for the entertainment of the daughters of Minyas,
during the feast of Bacchus, in whose debauched and extravagant ceremo
nies they could not unite, is one of those tragical events, that are fre
quently the consequence of a sudden transport of the passions. It is gene
rally believed that a misunderstanding subsisted between the parents of the
lovers, and was the occasion of the fatal appointment, which should be a
lesson of admonition, as well to young persons, as their parents ; to the first,
that they do not enter rashly into engagements, and to the latter, that they
do not lay unreasonable commands on their children.
Not any author paints the Passions with greater strength : and did he not
sometimes draw his images too much at the expense of decency, the moral
of his fable would be the more engaging, and reason more triumphant; but
it is Ovid's care to take advantage of the heart of man, and ever to show it
so much on the weak side, as that his Metamorphoses may be said to be
the triumph of the passions over the rational powers.

FAB. V. ADULTERIUM VENERIS CUM MARTE A SOLE DETECTUM.

The Sun discovers to Vulcan the intrigue between Venus and Mars ; and
the Goddess the better to be revenged of Phoebus, engages his affections
to Leucothoë, whose amours she renders unfortunate.
 FAB. V., METAMORPHOSEΩN . 143

DESIERAT: mediumque fuit breve tempus ; Desierat : mediumquetem

et orsa est pus fuit breve ; et Leucothoë
Dicere Leucothoë. Vocem tenuêre sorores. orsa est dicere. Sorores tenu
êre vocem. Quoque amor ce
Hunc quoque, sidereâ qui temperat omnia luce, pit hunc Solem, qui temperat
Cepit amor Solem : Solis referemus amores. omnia sidereâ luce : referemus
Primus adulterium Veneris cum Marteputatur 5 amores Solis. Hic Deus puta
Hic vidisse Deus. Videthic Deus omniâ primus. tur vidisse primus adulterium
Veneris cum Marte. Hic
Indoluit facto ; Junonigenæque marito Deus videt omnia primus.
monstra-
Furta tori, furtique locum monstravit ; at illi Induluit facto ; que
vit Junonigenæ marito furta
Et mens, et quod opus fabrilis dextra tenebat, tori, que locum furti : at et
Excidit. Extemplo graciles ex ære catenas, 10 mens et opus quod fabrilis
Retiaque, et laqueos, quæ lumina fallere possent, dextra tenebat, excidit illi.
Elimat. Non illud opus tenuissima vincant Extemplo elimat graciles ca
tenas, ex ære, retiaque, et la
Stamina; nec summo quæ pendet aranea tigno. queos quæ possent fallere lu
Utque leves tactus, momentaque parva sequantur, nina. Tenuissimastamina non
Efficit : et lecto circundata collocat aptè. 15 vincant illud opus, nec ara
Ut venêre torum conjux et adulter in unum ; nea quæ pendet summo tigno.
Que efficit ut sequantur leves
Arte viri, vinclisque novâ ratione paratis, tactus, que parva momenta :
In mediis ambo deprensi amplexibus hærent. et collocat apte circumdata
Lemnius extemplò valvas patefecit eburnas : lecto. Ut conjux et adulter
venêre in unum torum ; ambo
Admisitque Deos. Illi jacuêre ligati 20 hærent
in mediis amplexibus,
Turpiter; atque aliquis, de Dis non tristibus, deprensi arte viri, vinclisque
Sic fieri turpis. A Superi risêre : diùque ( optet paratis novâ ratione. Lem
Hæc fuit in toto notissima fabula cœlo . nius extemplò patefecit ebur
nes valvas, admisitque Deos,
Exigit indicii memorem Cythereïa pœnam , Illi jacuêre ligati turpiter ;
Inque vices illum, tectos qui læsit amores, 25 atque aliquis, de Dîs non tris
Lædit amore pari. Quid nunc, Hyperione nate, tibus, optet sic fieri turpis.
Superi risêre ; que hæc fuit
diù notissima fabula in toto cœlo. Cythereia exigit pœnam memorem indicii, inque vices
lædit illum, qui læsit tectos amores, pari amore. Nate Hyperione, quid nunc,

NOTES.

1. Desierat.] Alcithoë made an end of her
discourse.
2. Vocem tenuêre.] Were silent.
6. Deus.] The Sun.-Primus .] The cause
why the Sun is thought first to have seen the
A adultery of Mars and Venus.
7. Junonigenæque.] Vulcan born of Ju
no ; for Vulcan was the only child Juro had
by Jupiter.
8. Furta.] The adultery.
Illi.] From Vulcan .
10. Graciles.] Thin and fine.
11. Fallere lumina.] Which would deceive
the sight.
12. Elimat.] He files out.- Tenuissima
stamina ] The finest threads spun on a dis
taff.
13. Aranea.] Spiders webs.
Summo tigne.] The roof of the house.
14. Utque, &c.] Those nets were so soft,
that they were not sensible to the touch,
and so flexible, that they gave way to every
motion.
Parva momenta.] The least movements.
16. Venêre, &c. ] After they lay together.
18. Deprensi.] Caught in an indecent
action.
19. Lemnius.] Vulcan ; so called from
the Island Lemnos, into which he was
thrown head-long by Jove, when he would
have assisted his mother against Jupiter.
See Homer's Iliad, Lib. I. the end.
20. Admisitque Deos.] Vulcan calls the
gods to see Mars and Venus, enclosed in
each other's embraces.
24. Indicii. ] Of the Discovery. - Memo
rem.] Which Venus had in her memory.
Cythereïa. ] Venus ; so called of the Is
land Cythera, where she is reported to
have first arrived in the shell of a fish, when
born of the sea. -25. Inque vices. ] And in
her turn:
Illum. The sun.
26. Hyperione nate.] Sol was the Son of
Hyperion ; as was the Moon and Aurora,
An apostrophe to the Sun.
 144 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. 1V.

Forma, calorque, radiataque Forma, calorquetibi, radiataqueluniina prosunt?

lumina prosunt tibi ? Nempe Nempè tuis omnes qui terras ignibus uris,
qui uris omnes terras tuis ig
nibus, ureris novo igne: qui- Ureris igne novo : quique omnia cernere debes,
que debes cernere omnia, Leucothoën spectas ; et virgine figis in una, 30
spectas Leucothoën ; et figis Quos mundo debes oculos. Modò surgis Eoô
oculos quos debes mundo, in
unâ virgine. Modò surgis Temporiús cœlo ; modò seriùs incidis undis ;
temporiús Eoo cœlo : modò Spectandique morâ brumales porrigis horas.
incidis seriùs undis ; que por- Deficis interdum : vitiumque in lumina mentis
rigis brumales horas morâ Transit; et obscurus mortalia pectora terres. 35
spectandi. Interdum deficis :
que vitium mentis transit in Nec, tibi quòd Lunæ terris propioris imago
lumina : et obscurus terres Obstiterit, palles : facit hunc amor ipse colorem.
mortalia pectora. Nec palles, Diligis hanc unam : nec te Clymeneque, Rho
quod imago Lunæ propioris
terris obstiterit tibi : ipse a dosque,
mor facit hunc colorem. Di- Nec tenet ææ genitrix pulcherrima Circes.
ligis hanc unam : que nec Quæque tuos Clytie, quamvis despecta, petebat
Clymene, Rhodosque, nec
pulcherrima genitrix Æææ Concubitus ; ipsoque illo grave vulnus habebas 41
Circes tenet te. Que Clytie, Tempore. Leucothoë multarum oblivia fecit,
quæ quamvis despecta, pete- Gentis odoriferæ quam formosissima partu
bat tuos concubitus ; que ha- Edidit Eurynome : sed postquàm filia crevit, 44
bebas grave vulnus illo ipso
tempore. Leucothoë fecit ob Quàm mater cunctas, tam matrem filia vincit.
livia multarum, quàm Eury- Rexit Achæmenias urbes pater Orchamus: isque
nome formosissima odoriferæ Septimus à prisci numeratur origine Beli.
gentis edidit partu : sed post- Axe sub Hesperio sunt pascua Solis
quàm filia crevit, filia' tam equorum :
vincit matrem, quàm mater Ambrosiam pro gramine habent: eafessadiurnis
cunctas. Pater Orchamus rex- Membraministeriis nutrit, reparatque labori. 50
it Achæmenias urbes ; isque Dùmque ibi quadrupedes coelestia pabula car
numeratur septimus à origine
prisci Beli. Pascua equorum punt ;
Solis sunt sub Hesperio axe ; habent Ambrosiam pro gramine ; ea nutrit membra fessa
diurnis ministeriis, reparatque labori. Dùmque quadrupedes ibi carpunt cœlestia pabula,

NOTES.

29. Igne novo.] With a new love.
31. Modò.] Sometimes.
Eoô.] The eastern part of Heaven where
Aurora rises, which is called us in Greek..
32. Temporiùs ] More early. An ad
verb of the Comparative Degree from the
Positive tempori.- Incidis. ] Thou settest.
33. Brumales horas . ] Winter days, which
are shorter. Bruma is a day of the winter
solstice.-Porrigis.] Thou lengthenest.
34. Vitiumque.] The sorrow of thy heart,
which makes lovers pale.
55. Transit.] Passes.
37. Facit, &c.] For to grow pale is com
mon to persons in love.
38. Unam. ] Her only, sc. Leucothoë.
Clymeneque.] Nor does Clymene the mo
ther of Phaeton, please you now.
Rhodosque.] Nor Rhodos, the daughter
of Neptune and Venus, that you were very
fond of formerly.
39. Eææ.] Nor Perse, the mother of
Circe, born in a town of Colchos, called Ea.
40. Clytie.] Nor Clytie, who loved you
in vain. See below.
41. Grave vulnus.] A grievous wound,
sc. Amoris.
42. Oblivia fecit.] But Leucothoë makes
you forget all the rest.
43. Odoriferæ gentis.] Bearing odours,
i. e. Arabian.- Formosissima.] Most beau
tiful.
44. Eurynome.] This nymph was the
daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, and the
wife of Orchamus, king of the Persians.
46. Achæmenias ] The Persians ; for the
Achæmenians, Persians, and Parthians, are
people bordering upon one another.
47. Prisci Beli.] Ancient Belus, who
begat Abas, &c.
48. Axe sub Hesperio ] Under the West
ern Heaven,
49, Ambrosiam.] The food of the gods,
with which the horses of the Sun are also
said to be fed.
FAB. VI. METAMORPHOSEON. 145

Noxque vicem peragit ; thalamos Deus intrat Noxque peragit vicem : Deus
amatos ; intrat amatos thalamos ; ver
sus in faciem genitricis Eury
Versus in Eurynomes faciem genitricis : et inter nomes : et cernit Leucothoën
Bis sex Leucothoën famulas ad lumina cernit, ducentem levia stamina fuso
Levia versato ducentem stamina fuso. 55 versato inter bis sex famulas
ad lumina. Ergo ubi, ceu
Ergo ubi, ceu mater, caræ dedit oscula natæ : mater dedit oscula cara na
Res, ait, arcana est : famulæ, discedite ; neve tæ, ait, Est arcana res : fa
* mulæ discedite, neve eripite
Eripite arbitrium matri secreta loquenti.
arbitrium matri loquenti se
Paruerunt : thalamoque Deus sine teste relicto, creta. Paruerunt: que Deus,
Ille ego sum, dixit, qui longum metior annum, 60 thalamo relicto sinè teste,
Omnia qui video ; per quem videt omnia tellus : dixit, Ego sum ille, qui metior
Mundi oculus. Mihi, crede, places. Pavet longum annum, qui video
omnia ; oculus mundi, per
illa : metuque
quem tellus videt omnia,
Et colus, et fusus digitis cecidêre remissis. Crede, places mihi. Illa pa
Ipse timor decuit. Nec longiùs ille moratus vet : metuque, et colus, et
In veram rediit speciem, solitumque nitorem.65 fusus cecidêre digitis remissis.
Timor ipse decuit. Nec ille
moratus longitis rediit in ve
ram speciem, solitumque nitorem.

NOTES.

52. Deus.] The Sun. An instrument which women use in spin

Thalamos amatos. ] The chamber of his ning :, so called from fundendo.
mistress Leucothoë. 56. Ceu.] As though.
53. Genitricis. ] Of the mother of Leu 58. Eripite.] Take away.
cothoe . Arbitrium.] The opportunity, privilege.
54. Bis sex.] Twelve. 63. Colus .] Her distaff. The instrument
Ad lumina.] By a lamp, for it was night. on which the wool is fixed to be spun.
55. Ducentem.] Drawing out. This word is both of the second and fourth
Levia stamina. ] The soft threads. declension.
Versato fuso.] With her twirling spindle. 65. Nitorem. ] Beauty or brightness.

EXP. FAB. V. This fable, as well as many others of Ovid, has its founda
tion in some historical fact ; and the present, on the execution of the law
which Vulcan, the king of Egypt, had framed for the suppression of adul
tery ; and which his son, Sol, endeavoured to enforce, on an information
that a princess of the court had an intrigue with one of his courtiers, whose
apartment he abruptly enters in the night, and detects him, and who for
his crime is severely punished . We have already taken notice of our au
thor sacrificing his delicacy to the indulgence of his genius and wit, which
is not more conspicuous in any one of his fables than the present.

FAB. VI. LEUCOTHOE IN VIRGAM AUREAM . CLYTIE NYMPHA IN

HERBAM HELIOTROPIUM.

Leucothoe's adventure with her lover the Sun, is out of resentment made
known to her father by Clytie, and she is buried alive by her father's or
ders but the Sun grieved at the misfortunes of a person so dear to him,
changes her into a Frankincense- Tree. The informer, who languishes for
love of Sol, is despised by him; and is at last changed into the Sun
Flower.
Մ
146 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IV.

At virgo
inopino visu,quamvis
victa territa
nitore AT virgo quamvis inopino territa visu, (est.
Victa nitore Dei, positâ vim passa querelâ.
Dei, passa est vim querelâ
positâ. Clytie invidet, ( neque Invidet Clytie, (neque enim moderatus in illâ
enim amor Solis fuerat mode- Solis amor fuerat) stimulataque pellicis irâ
ratus in illâ) que stimulata Vulgat adulterium : diffamatumque parenti 5
irâ pellicis vulgat adulterium :
que indicat diffamatum pa Indicat. Ille ferox immansuetusque precantem,
renti. Ille ferox immansuet- Tendentemque manus ad lumina Solis, et Ille
usque, crudus defodit precan- Vim tulit invitæ, dicentem, defodit altâ
tem tendentemque manus ad Crudus humo : tumulumque supèr gravis ad
lumina Solis et dicentem, Ille
tulit vim invitæ, altâ humo : dit arenæ. 9
que addit super tumulum Dissipat hunc radiis Hyperione natus : iterque
gravis arena. Natus Hype- Dat tibi, quo possis defossos promere vultus.
rione dissipat hunc radiis :
que dat iter. tibi, quo possis Nec tu jam poteras encctum pondere terræ (bas.
promere defossos vultus. Nec Tollere nympha caput : corpusque exsangue jace
jam tu poteras tollere enec- Nil illô fertur volucrum moderator equorum
tum caput, pondere terræ, Post Phaëtonteos vidisse dolentiûs ignes. 15
que jacebas exsangue corpus. '
Moderator volucrum equo- Ille quidem gelidos radiorum viribus artus,
rum fertur vidisse nil dolen- Si queat, in vivum tentat revocare calorem.
tius illô post Phaetonteos ig- Sed quoniam tantis fatum conatibus obstat,
nes. Ille quidem tentat, si Nectare odorato spargit corpusque , locumque :
queat revocare gelidos artus
viribus radiorum in vivum Multaque præquestus, Tanges tamen æthera,
calorem. Sed quoniam fatum dixit. 20
obstat tantis conatibus, spar- Protinùs imbutum cœlesti nectare corpus
git corpusque locumque odo
rato nectare : que præquestus Delicuit, terramque suo madefecit odore :
multa, dixit, Tamen tanges Virgaque per glebas sensim radicibus actis,
æthera. Protinùs corpus im- Thurea surrexit ; tumulumque cacumine rupit.
butum cœlesti nectare deli
cuit, que madefecit terram
suo odore : que thurea virgà surrexit radicibus actis, sensîm per glebas ; que rupit tumu
lum cacumine.
NOTES.

3. Enim.] The occasion of Clytie's re
sentment, was the extraordinary affection
that Sol shewed her sister Leucothoë.
4. Stimulataque. ] And urged.
5. Diffamatumque.] Telling it to little
advantage, i. e. making the worst of it.
Parenti ] To Leucothoe's father, sc. to
Orchamus.
6. Ille.] Orchamus.
9. Tumulumque .] A heap.
Hyperione natus.] Apollo is called the
son of Hyperion, for Hyperion, the brother
of Saturn, as Diodorus Siculus relates, first
made observations upon the courses of the
sun, moon, and stars, and taught them ;
and therefore Hyperion is used to signify
the sun.
11. Dat tibi iter.] Makes way for thee
that thou mayest put forth thy face. "
12. Nec.] An apostrophe to Leucothoë.
Enectum.] Killed, overwhelmed.
13. Exsangue.] Dead, without blood.
14. Moderator, &c. ] Apollo, who is the
guider of the swift and flying horses.
16. Gelidos artus.] The dead, cold mem
bers .
17. Revocare.] To recall.
18. Fatum.] The necessity of fate.
19. Nectare.] With Nectar, the drink of
the gods.
20. Tanges æthera.] Yet thou shalt ar
rive at Heaven, though I cannot call thee
to life ; this is, you shall spring from the
earth an incense-bearing-tree, whose gums
burnt in the sacred solemnities of the gods,
the odour thereof shall ascend to Heaven.
Achæmenia and Arabia are often celebrated
by the poets for their great fertility in fran
kincense, and all other aromatic plants.
22. Delicuit. ] Was made soft and liquid :
the perfect tense of deliquesco.
23. Sensim ] By little and little .
Radicibus actis .] The roots being shot
forth.
24. Tumulum. ] The hillock.
Cacumine ] With its top.
 FAB. VII. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 147

At Clytien (quamvis amor excusare dolorem, 25 At auctor lucis (quamvis a

Indiciumque dolor poterat) non ampliùs auctor mer poterat excusare dolorem,
que dolor indicium,) non am
Lucis adit: Venerisque modum sibi fecit in illâ. pliùs adit Clytien, que fecit
Tabuit ex illo, dementer amoribus usa, [ dieque sibi modum Veneris in illâ .
Nympharum a impatiens : et sub Jove nocte Ex illo, usa amoribus demen
Sedit humo nudâ, madidis incompta capillis. 30 ter, tabuitimpatiens
et sedit nympharum
nuda humo,
Perque novem luces expers undæque cibique sub Jove nocteque dieque,
Rore mero, lacrymisque suis jejunia pavit : incompta madidis capillis.
Nec se movit humo. Tantum spectabat euntis Que expers undæ que cibi,
que pavit jejunia per novem
Ora Dei : vultusque suos flectebat ad illum. luces mero rore, que suis la
Membra ferunt hæsisse solo : partemque coloris crymis : nec movit se humo.
Luridus exsangues pallor convertit in herbas.36 Tantùm spectabat ora Dei
euntis : que flectebat suos vul
Est in parte rubor : violæque simillimus ora tus ad illum. Ferunt membra
Flos tegit. Illa suum, quamvìs radice tenetur, hæsisse solo : que luridus pal
Vertitur ad Solem, mutataque servat amorem. lor convertit partem coloris in
exsangues herbas. Est rubor
in parte que flos simillimus
violæ tegit ora. Illa vertitur ad suum Solem, quamvis tenetur radice, mutataque servat
amorem . a Nimborum patiens ;

• NOTES.

27. Venerisque, &c.] Put an end to his 33. Nec se movit humo.] Neither did she
amorous commerce. A metonymy of the rise from the ground.
efficient. 34. Flectebat.] She turned.
28. Tabuit ] She pined away. 35. Ferunt.] They say.
Ex illo.] From the time she was forsaken Hæsisse.] Stuck fast.
by Sol. 36. Luridus pallor.] A wan paleness.
29. Sub Jove.] In the open air. 38. Suum Solem.] Her beloved sun.
31. Luces.] Days.-Expers undæ cibique.] 59. Mutataque.] Turned to a sun-flower.
Wanting drink and food.

EXP. FAB. VI. However indebted Ovid may be to history for the foun
dation of many of his Fables, yet he sometimes owes an obligation to na
ture, as in the present, which is founded on the introduction of the Frank
incense-Tree, called Leucothoë, into Persia, by king Orchamus , which
being an aromatic plant, came under the influence of Apollo : and as to
the jealousy of Clytie to Leucothoë, he founds that on the unfavourable
influence which the Sun-Flower, called Clytie, has upon the Frankincense
Tree, even to kill it, as asserted by the ancients.

FAB. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI . & XII. DAPHNIS IDEI FILIUS IN SAXUM. SCY
THON EX VIRO IN FOEMINAM. EX IMBRIBUS PROCREATI CELMUS ET
ADAMAS. CROCUS ET SMILAX FAMULI IN FLOREM . SALMACIS ET
HERMAPHRODITUS IN UNUM CORPUS. MINYEIDES THEBANE IN VES
PERTILIONES.

The Naïd Salmacis falls in love with the beautiful Hermaphroditus, who
rejects her address ; but as he is bathing himself, she leaps naked into
the water, and seizing the youth in her arms, they both become one
body, but retain their different sexes. Bacchus, to punish the Minyeïdes
for their contempt of his worship, changes them into Bats, and their
works into Ivy and Vine leaves .
148 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IV.

Dixerat ; et mirabile factum DIXERAT: etfactum mirabile ceperat aures.

ceperat aures. Pars negant
potuisse fieri: pars memorant Pars fieri potuisse negant ; pars omnia veros
veros Deos posse omnis sed Posse Deos memorant : sed non et Bacchus in illis .
non et Bacchus in illus. Al- Poscitur Alcithoë, postquàm siluêre sorores :
cithoë poscitur, postquam so- Quæ radio stantis percurrens stamina teiæ, 5
rores siluêre : quæ percurrens Vulgatos taceo, dixit, pastoris amores
stamina stantis telæ radio dix
it, Taceo vulgatos amores Daphnidis Idæi, quem nymphæ pellicis ira
Daphnidis Idæi pastoris, quem Contulit in saxum. Tantus dolor urit amantes.
ira pellicis Nymphæ contulit Nec loquor, ut quondam naturæ jure novato
in saxum . Tantus dolor urit
amantes. Nec loquor, ut Scy- Ambiguus fuerit, modò vir, modò fœmina Scy
thon quondam fuerit ambi thon, 10
guus, modò vir, modó fœmina, Te quoque nunc adamas, quondam fidissime parvo
jure naturæ novato. Te quo- Celme, Jovi, largoque satos Curetas ab imbri :
que Celme, quondam fidissi
me parvo Jovi, nunc adamas, Et Crocon in parvos versum cum Smilace flores
que Curetas satos ab largo Prætereo; dulcique animos novitate tenebo. 14
imbri ; et prætereo Crocon, Unde sit infamis ; quare malè fortibus undis "
cum Smilace versum in par- Salmacis enervet , tactosque remolliat artus :
vos flores ; que tenebo ani
mum dulci novitate. Discite Discite. Causa latet ; vis est notissima fontis.
unde Salmacis sit infamis ; Mercurio puerum divâ Cythereide natum
quare enervet que remolliat Naïdes Idæis enutrivere sub antris. 19
tactos artus malè fortibus un
dis. Causa latet ; vis fontis Cujus erat facies, in quâ materque paterque
est notissima. Naïdes enu- Cognosci possent : nomen quoque traxit ab illis.
trivêre puerum natum Mer- Is tria cum primùm fecit quinquennia, montes
curio, diva Cythereide sub Deseruit patrios : Idâque altrice relictâ,
ïdæis antris. Cujus facies e
rat in quâ materque pater- Ignotis errare locis, ignota videre
que possent cognosci : quoque
traxit nomen ab illis. Is cum primùm fecit tria quinquennia, deseruit patrios montes :
Idâque altriçe relictâ, gaudebat errare ignotis locis, videre ignota

NOTES.

1. Dixerat.] sc. Leucothoë. of the mother of the gods in Phrygia, with

Ceperat aures.] Had delighted. a tumultuous clashing of arms, with the
3. Sed non, &c.] They do not acknowledge noise and sound of cymbals and tabrets, also
Bacchus to be one of the true gods who can with pipes and shouting : these the poets
work those miracles. pretended to have had their origin from the
4. Poscitur.] Is asked to tell some stories. earth after a shower of rain.
5. Radio.] With the shuttle. 13. Cròcon.] Crocus was a youth whom
Telæ.] The loom. the virgin Smilax loved, but not being able to
7. Daphnidis.] Ofthe son of Mercury. enjoy him, they were both turned into flowers.
Idæi.] Of the Phrygian shepherd from 16. Enervet.] Destroys the strength ofthe
Mount Ida - Nymphæ ] Thalia, by whom nerves ; renders effeminate.
Daphnis was beloved. Remolliat.] Makes soft.
8. Contulit.] Turned. 18. Puerum.] Hermaphroditus.
Tantus dolor urit amantes . ] Such exces Cythereide.] By the goddess Venus ; for
sive rage inflames a lover's breast. Hermaphroditus was the son of Mercury
9. Nec loquor, &c. ] Scython was a per and Venus.
son, who was miraculously transformed from 19. Idæis.] In the caves of Ida, a moun
a male into a female. tain of Phrygia.
12. Celme.] An apostrophe to Cehnus, 20. Cujus, &c.] This poet signifies that
who being a tender foster-father to Jupiter, Hermaphroditus was very handsome, in
when he was an infant, was afterwards turned 3 saying he was like his parents.
into a diamond, because he had made his im 21. Nomen.] Hermaphroditus was so call
mortality public . ed from ' Eu , i . e. Mercury, and
Curetas. ] The Curetes were those who Aøpodway
' , i, e. Venys .
celebrated the rites of Jupiter in Crete, and
 FAB. VII. METAMORPHOSEON. 149

Flumina gaudebat : studio minuente laborem. 25 flumina ; studio minuente la

borem. Ille etiam adit Ly
Ille etiam Lycias urbes, Lyciæque propinquos cias urbes, que Caras propin
Caras adit. Videt hic stagnum lucentis ad imum quos Lycia. Hic videt stag
Usque solum lymphæ. Nonillic canna palustris, num lucentis lymphæ usque
Nec steriles ulvæ, nec acutâ cuspide junci. 29 adimum solum. Non palustris
canna illìc, nec steriles ulvæ,
Perspicuus liquor est. Stagni tamen ultima vivo necjunci acutâ cuspide. Li
Cespite cinguntur, semperque virentibus herbis,quor est perspicuus. Tamen
Nympha colit: sed nec venatibus apta, nec arcus ultima stagni cinguntur vivo
cespite, queNympha
Flectere quæ soleat, nec quæ contendere cursu : rentibus. herbis semper vi
colit : sed
Solaque Naïadum celeri non nota Dianæ. nec apta venatibus, nec quæ
Sæpe suas illi fama est dixisse sorores : 35 soleat flectere arcus nec quæ
Salmaci, vel jaculum, vel pictas sume pharetras : soleat contendere cursu : so
Et tua cum duris venatibus otia misce. laque Naïadum non nota ce
leri Dianæ. Fama est suas
Nec jaculum sumit, nec pictas illa pharetras : sorores sæpè dixisse illi : Sal
Nec sua cum duris venatibus otia miscet. maci, sume vel jaculum, vel
Sed modò fonte suo formosos perluit artus : 40 pictas pharetras : et misce
tua ostia cum duris venatibus.
Sæpè Cytoriaco deducit pectine crines ; Illa nec sumit jaculum, nec
Et, quid se deceat, spectatas consulit undas. pictas pharetras, nec miscet
sua otia cum duris venatibus.
Nunc perlucenti circumdata corpus amictu,
Sed modò perluit formosos
"Mollibus aut foliis, aut mollibus incubat herbis. artus suo fonte : sæpè dedu
Sæpè legit flores. Et tunc quoque fortè lege cit crines Cytoriaco pectine ;
bat, 45 et consulit spectatas undas,
Nunc cir
[ Cùm puerum vidit: visumque optavit habere. ] quid deceat se.
cumdata corpus perlucenti
Nec tamen antè adiit, etsi properabat adire, amictu, incubat aut molli
Quàm secomposuit, quàmcircumspexit amictus, bus foliis, aut mollibus her
Et finxit vultum, et meruit formosa videri. bis. Sæpè legit flores. Et
fortè tunc quoque legebat
Tunc sic orsa loqui : Puer ô dignissime credi 50 (cum vidit puerum : visum
Esse Deus ! seu tu Deus es, potes esse Cupido : que optavit habere.) Tamen
nec adiit, esti properabat ad
Sivè es mortalis ; qui te genuère beati :
ire, antequàm composuit se,
Et frater felix, et fortunata profectò, quàm circumspexit amictus,
Si qua tibi soror est, et quæ dedit ubera nutrix. et finxit vultum, et meruit
videri formosa. Tunc sic or
sa loqui : O puer dignissime credi esse Deus, seu tu Deus es, potes esse Cupido : sivè es
mortalis ; beati qui genuêre te : et frater felix et profectò soror fortunata, si qua est tibi, et
nutrix quæ dedit ubera.
NOTES.
25. Studio.] By a propensity and inclina Vivo cespite.] Verdant turf.
tion of mind. Studium is properly diligence 32. Nympha ] sc. Salmacis.
and alacrity to do any thing ; hence it is 34. Celeri.] Swift.
sometimes put for Exercise. Hence we say, 5. Sorores .] The neighbouring nymphs.
studio literarum . Hence comes studiosus, 57. Cum duris venatibus. ] With laborious
which sometimes signifies assiduous and per hunting.
severing ; as, vir studiosus ac diligens. It is 41. Cytoriaco pectine.] With a box comb.
sometimes taken for cupido, and signifies Cytorum is a mountain of Galatia, abound
prone or addicted to any thing. Asstudiosus ing with box-wood, of which combs were
laudis, gloriæ, i. e. desirous of praise and made.
glory. 6 42. Consulit. ] She views herself as in a
26. Ille.] Hermaphroditus. looking-glass.
27. Caras.] The Carians are a people of 43. Perlucenti amictu.] With a transpa
Caria, from the Noun Car, Caros. rent garment.
Videt.] A description of the fountain Sal 4. Incubat.] She reposes.
macis. 46. Puerum.] Hermaphroditus.
28, Usque solum. ] The water was clear 48. Composuit.] Had adjusted.
to the very bottom. 49. Finxit vultum.] Put on a pleasant
30. Ultima.] The utmost brink. look becoming a lover,
150 F. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IV.

Sed longè longèque potentior Sed longê cunctis, longèque a potentior illis, 55
cunctis illis, si qua sponsa est ᏚᎥ qua tibi sponsa est; si quam dignabere tædâ.
tibi ; si dignabere quàm tædâ.
Sivè aliqua est hæc tibi, sit Hæc tibi sivè aliqua est; measitfurtiva voluptas :
mea furtiva voluptas ; seu nul- Seu nulla est ; ego sim : thalamumque ineamus
la est; ego sim : ineamus eun eundem.
dem thalamum. Naïs tacuit Nais ab his tacuit. Pueri rubor ora notavit ; 59
ab his. Rubor notavit ora
pueri ; nescit quid amor sit : Nescit quid sit amor : sed et erubuisse decebat.
sed et decebat erubuisse. Hic Hic color apricâ pendentibus arbore pomis ;
color est pomis pendentibus Aut ebori tincto est : aut sub candore rubenti,
apricâ arbore : aut tincto ebo
ri; aut Lunæ rubenti can Cùm frustrà resonant æra auxiliaria, Lunæ.
dore, cùm auxiliaria æra Lu- Poscenti Nymphæ sinè fine, sororia saltem 64
phæ poscenti frustrà
næ resonant Nym- Oscula, jamque manus ad eburnea colla ferenti,
. oscula
sinè fine
saltem sororia, jamque ferenti Desinis ? Aut fugio, tecumque, ait, ista relinquo,
manus ad eburnea colla, De- Salmacis extimuit ; locaque hæc tibi libera trado,
sinis ? Aut fugio, que relin- Hospes, ait : simulatque gradu discedere verso.
quo ista tecum ? Salmacis ex- Tum quoque respiciens, fruticumque recondita
timuit ; et ait Hospes trado
hæc loca libera tibi, simulat sylvâ 69
que discedere gradu verso. Delituit ; flexumque genu submisit. At ille,
Tum quoque
delituit respiciens, que Ut puer, et vacuis, ut inobservatus, in herbis
recondita
ticum ; que submisit sylvâ fru Hùc it, et hinc illuc ; et in alludentibus undis
flexum
genu. At ille, ut puer, et ut Summa pedum, taloque tenùs vestigia tingit.
inobservatus in vacuis herbis, Nec mora ; temperieblandarum captus aquarum,
it hùc, et hinc illuc : et tin
git summa vestigia pedum te Mollia de tenero velamina corpore ponit. 75
nùs taloque in alludentibus Tum verò obstupuit, nudæque cupidine formæ
undis. Nec mora : captus Salmacis exarsit : flagrant quoque lumina Nym
temperie blandarum aqua phæ,
rum ponit mollia velamina A
de tenero corpore. Verò tum Salmacis obstupuit, que exarsit cupidine nude formæ :
quoque lumina Nymphæ flagrant, a beatior illa est. b malis.

NOTES.
56. Si quâm dignabere.] If you think any
one good enough for a wife. The thing con
taining for the thing contained. So above :
" Tædæ quoque jure coissent."
Tædæ is a tree, of which torches are made.
Hence it is, that the torches used in mar
riages are put for weddings and wedlock.
57. Sivè, &c.] Ifyou have a wife.
58. Seu nulla. ] If you have no wife, ac
cept of me.
59. Naïs.] The nymph Salmacis.
Ab his.] After these things.
Rubor. A true note of bashfulness .
61. Hic color, &c.] A similitude, showing
the bashfulness of Hermaphroditus.
Apricâ.] Exposed to the sun for trees
that stand in the sun bear red apples,
62. Ebori tincto.] Ivory painted with
Vermillion.
Candore rubenti.] The moon in an eclipse,
forthen she seems red.
65. Frustrà. They make a noise to no
purpose, as it has not the least effect on the
eclipsed moon ; yet the vulgar notion is that
she is stopped by the tinkling noise of brasen
+
vessels.- Æra.] Brasen vessels.
Auxiliaria.] Bringing help to the moon.
that she may not faint.
64. Sororia.] Chaste, such as any one may
give to a sister.
65. Eburnea.] White as Ivory.
66. Desinis.] Either leave off, or I will
flee, and leave the place to yourself.
67. Extimuit.] Feared he would flee away.
68. Gradu verso.] Turning her step to go
from him.
69. Fruticumque.] Frutex is what does
not rise to the magnitude of a tree, but
keeps the humble station of a shrub.
71. Vacuis herbis.] Upon the lonely green.
Inobservatus.] Not seen by any one, not
taken notice of. 7
72. Alludentibus.] Playing to the shore..
73. Taloque tenùs.] Up to the ancle.
75. Mollia velamina.] Soft and thin gar
ments.
77. Flagrant quoque lumina Nymphæ.]
The eyes of the nymph sparkled, betraying
what a great desire she had of enjoying Her
maphroditus.
 HOSEON
FAB. Vil. METAMORP . 151

Non aliter, quàm cùm puro nitidissimus orbe Non aliter, quam cùm Phoe
Oppositâ speculi referitur imagine Phoebus . 79 bus nitidissimus puro orbe,
referitur imagine speculi op
Vixque morâm patitur ; vix jam sua gaudia posità. Vixque patitur mo
differt : râm ; vix jam differt sua gau
Jam cupit amplecti ; jam semalè continet amens. dia : Jam cupit amplecti : 1
Ille cavis velox applauso a corpore palmis jam amens malè continet se.
Ille velox desilit in latices,
Desilit in latices, alternaque brachia jactans corpore applauso cavis pal
In liquidis translucet aquis : ut eburnea si quis mis, que ducens alterna bra
Signa tegat claro, vel candida lilia, vitro. 85 chia translucet in liquidis a
Vicimus , en meus est, exclamat Naïs : et omni quis : ut si quis tegat eburnea
signa vel candida lilia claro
Veste procul jactâ, mediis immittitur undis : vitro. Naïs exclamat, Vici
Pugnacemque tenet, luctantiaque oscula carpit : mus, meus est : et omni veste
Subjectatque manus, invitaque pectora tangit : jactâ procùl, immittitur me
diis undis : que tenet pugna
Et nunc hàc juveni, nunc circum fundit ur illàc. cem, que carpit luctantia os
Denique nitentem contrà, elabique volentem 91 cula : subjectatque manus,
Implicat ut serpens, quam regia sustinet ales ; que tangit invita pectora ;
Sublimemque rapit : pendens caput illa, pedesque et ni nunc circumfunditur
hàc, nunc juve
illàc. Denique
Alligat ; et caudâ spatiantes implicat alas. implicat juvenem nitentem
Utve solent hederæ longos intexere truncos , 95 contrà que volentem elabi,
Utque sub æquoribus deprensum Polypus hostem ut serpens, quam regia ales
sustinet; que rapit sublimem :
Continet, ex omni dimissis parte flagellis. que illa pendens caput, âlli
Perstat Atlantiades, sperataque gaudia Nymphæ gat pedes ; et implicat spa
Denegat : illa premit, commissaque corpore toto tiantes alas cauda. Utve
Sicut inhærebat, Pugnes licet, improbe, hedera solent intexere longos
truncos, utque Polypus con
dixit, 100 tinet hostem, depressum sub
Non tamen effugies. Ita Di jubeatis, et istum æquoribus flagellis dimissis
ex omni parte. Atlantiades
Nulla dies à me, nec me seducat ab isto ;
Vota suos habuere Deos : nam mista duorum perstat, et denegat sperata
gaudia Nymphæ : Illa premit,
que sicut inhærebat commissa toto corpore, dixit, Improbe licet pugnes, tamen non effu
gies. Dî ita jubeatis, et nulla dies seducat istum à me, nec me ab isto ; vota habuere suos
Deos : nam corpora duorum mista
a pectore .
NOTES.
78. Non aliter, &c.] Like the rays of out far and wide.
the sun reflected from the opposite image of 96. Polypus.] A fish of a wonderful mag
a looking-glass.- Puro ] Serene. nitude ; so called from its having many feet,
82. Ille.] Hermaphroditus . for Toλ is many, and mous modos a foot.
V Applauso.] Having beat.
This fish lies in wait for others, nay, and
Palmis.] With his hands. for fishermen themselves, whom if he catch
83. Latices.] The waters. es, he so entangles them with his feet,
84. Liquidis. Clear. (which are here called flagella) that they
85. Signa eburnea.] Ivory images. cannot get away. Polypus is also a disease
Tegat.] Should cover. in the nostrils, when flesh grows in their
86. Naïs.] The nymph Salmacis. inside.
88. Luctantia. ] Reluctant. 97. Flagellis.] His feet.
89. Invitaque. ] Unwilling to admit such 98. Perstat ] Keeps his resolution.´´
familiarity. Atlantiades.] Hermaphroditus, the great
91. Nitentem.] Resisting, striving against. grandson of Atlas ; for Atlas begat Maia,
92. Implicat.] Folds herself round him ; from Maia sprung Mercury, and from
holds close and fast.
Mercury, Hermaphroditus.
Regia ales.] An Eagle, which is said to 101. Ita Dî jubeatis. ] O ye gods, let it
be under the protection of Jupiter, and is be your will. - 102. Seducat. ] May draw
said to be the only bird that is not hurt by away from, may separate.
thunder. He is a mortal enemy to Serpents, 103. Vota suos habuere Deos.] This pray
which sometimes so entangle him, that he er had its gods to hear it ; i. e. her prayers
is obliged to quit his prey. were heard.
94. Spatiantes.] Spreading themselves
 152 P.. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IV.

junguntur, que una facies in- Corpora junguntur, faciesque inducitur illis
ducitur illis : velut si quis Una : velut si quis conductâ cortice ramos 105
cernat ramos jungi' crescendo
cortice conductâ que adoles- Crescendo jungi, pariterque adolescere cernat.
cere pariter. Sic ubi mem- Sic ubi complexu coïerunt membra tenaci ;
bra coïerunt tenaci com- Nec duo sunt, sed forma duplex ; nec fœmina
plexu nec sunt duo ; sed
duplex forma, ut possint dici dici, [videntur. 109
nec fœmina, nec puer : et vi- Nec puer ut possint : neutrumque, et utrumque
dentur neutrumque et utrùm- Ergo ubi se liquidas quò vir descenderat, undas
que. Ergo ubi Hermaphro- Semimarem fecisse videt, mollitaque in illis
ditus videt liquidas undas,
quò descenderat vir, fecisse Membra ; manus tendens, sed jam non voce virili,
se semimarem, que membra Hermaphroditus ait, Nato date munera vestro,
mollita in illis ; tendens ma- Et pater et genitrix, amborum nomen habenti :
nus Hermaphroditus ait, sed
non jam virili voce, Et pater Quisquis in hos fontes vir venerit, exeat indè 1 15
et genitrix, date munera ves- Semivir : et tacitis subitò mollescat in undis.
tro nato habenti nomen am- Motus uterque parens nati rata vota biformis
borum : quisquis vir venerit Fecit, et incerto fontem medicamine tinxit..
in hos fontes, exeat indè se
mivir : et mollescat subitò Finis erat dictis ; et adhuc Mineïa proles
undis tactis. Uterque parens Urget opus, spernitque Deum, festumque pro
motus fecit vota biformis na fanat :
ti rata, et tinxit fontem in
certo medicamine. Finis e Tympana cùm subitò non apparentia raucis 121
rat dictis ; et Mineïa proles Obstrepuêre sonis, et adunco tibia cornu,
adhuc urget opus, spernit- Tinnulaque æra sonant, redolent myrrhæque
que Deum, que profanat fes
tum : cùm tympana non ap crocique :
parentia obstrepuêre subitò Resque fide major, cœpêre virescere telæ, 124
raucis sonis, et tibia adunco Inque hederæ faciem pendens frondescerevestis.
cornu, tinnulaque æra so- Pars abit in vites ; et, quæ modò fila fuerunt,
nant, que myrrhæ crocique Palmite mutantur ; de stamine pampinus exit :
redolent, resque major fide,
telæ cœpêre virescere, que Purpura fulgorem pictis accommodat uvis.
vestis pendens frondescere in faciem hederæ. Pars abit in vites ; et quæ modò fuerunt fila,
mutantur palmite ; pampinus exit de stamine : purpura accommodat fulgorem pictis uvis.

NOTES.
105. Conductâ. ] Being joined.
106. Pariterque adolescere.] And to grow
together. A simile taken from ingrafted trees.
107. Coïerunt.] Were joined together.
109. Neutrumque.] Neither a boy nor a
girl.- Utrumque.] For he was of both sex
es, that of a boy, and that of a girl.
110. Ergo, &c.] The poet now assigns
the cause of what Alcithoë had promised
in the beginning of the story, viz. why
those who went into the fountain Salmacis,
became soft and effeminate.
Quò.] Into which he had entered, not an
effeminate man, but strong and manly.
111. Semimarem. ] Only half a man, and
become effeminate like a woman.
Mollitaque. Made soft, effeminate.
115. Nato, &c.] O father Mercury and
mother Venus, grant to me, your son, that
bears the name of you both, that whosoe
ver, &c.
115. Venerit.] Shall enter into.
117. Uterque.] Mercury and Venus.
Biformis. Because he had the form both
of a male and a female, as Hermaphroditus
had.
118. Incerto.] Rendering the sex ambi
guous.
119. Finis erat dictis.] Alcithoë made an
end of telling her story.
Adhùc. ] Yet ; still contemning the sacred
rites of Bacchus.
Mineia. The daughters of Mineïus.
120. Urget.] Pursue closely their work.
Deum.] Bacchus.
Profanat.] Pollutes, makes profane ; for
profanum is opposed to sacred.
123. Tinnulaque.] Tinkling and ringing
brasen vessels, when they are struck, are
properly said tinnire, whence comes tintin
nabula.
Myrrhæque. ] Myrrh, with which Bacchus
was perfumed.
124. Major.] Greater than can be be
lieved.
127. Pampinus.) Vine branches.
128. Fulgorem, ) A redness.
Pictis uvis.) To grapes of various colours,
FAB. XII. METAMORPHOSENN. 153
4
Jamque dies exactus erat, tempusque subibat. Jamque dies erat exactus,
Quod tu nec tenebras, nec posses dicere lucem: tempusque
nec posses subibat quod tu
dicere tenebras
Sed cum luce tamen dubiæ confinia noctis. 131
nec lucem ; sed tamen confi
Tecta repentè quati ; pinguesque ardere viden- nia dubiæ noctis cum luce.
Lampades, et rutilis collucere ignibus ædes, [ tur Tecta videntur repentè qua
Falsaque sævarum simulacra ululare ferarum. ti; que pingues lampades ar
dere, et ædes collucere ruti
Fumida jamdudùm latitant per tecta sorores, lis ignibus, que falsa simula
Diversæque locis ignes ac lumina vitant. 136 cra sævarum ferarum ululare.
Dùmque petunt latebras, parvos membrana per Sorores latitant jamdudum
per fumida tecta, diverseque
artus
locis vitant ignes ac lumina,
Porrigitur ; tenuique inducit brachia pennâ. Dùmque petunt latebras,
Nec, quâ perdiderint veterem ratione figuram, membrana porrigitur per par
Scire sinunt tenebræ. Non illas pluma levavit : vos artus ; que inducit bra
chia tenui pennâ. Nec tene
Sustinuêre tamen se perlucentibus alis, 141 bræ sinunt scire quâ ratione
Conatæque loqui, minimam pro corpore vocem perdiderint veterem figuram.
Emittunt : peraguntque leves stridore querelas . Pluma non levavit illas ; ta
men sustinuêre se perlucenti
Tectaque, non sylvas, celebrant ; lucemque per- bus alis, conatæque loqui,
osæ 144 emittunt minimam vocem pro
Nocte volant, serôque trahunt à vespere nomen. corpore : peraguntque leves
querelas stridore, que cele
brant tecta, non sylvas ; que
perosæ lucem volant nocte, que trahunt nomen à serô vespere.
NOTES.
129. Jamque, &c.] And now the day was skin, which covers the body, is taken gene
past. rally for any thin skin. Membrana is also
130. Quod, &c. ] A description of the a paper made of the skins of animals, called
evening. parchment.
133. Lampades.] Torches made of a fat 138. Tenuique, &c.] Their arms were
resinous pine-tree, but not fat with oil. Lam turned into wings.
pas is a general name for all those things 139. Veterem.] Their former human shape.
which being kindled give light. 140. Non ilas, &c.] The Minyeïdes were
134. Simulacra.] Appearances made by not borne up in the air by feathers, but by
Bacchus. Ferarum.] Of Tygers and Lynx cartilaginous wings.
es, which beasts are said to draw Bacchus's 142. Pro corpore ] Proportioned to the
chariot. bulk oftheir bodies.
155. Fumida.] Smoky, full of smoke. 144. Lucemque perosæ. ] Hating light
136. Diversæque.] Separated, having fled and day.
into divers places. 145. A vespere. ) Vespertiliones (bats)
Vitant.] They flee away affrighted, that are so called of Vesper the evening as in
they may not be found. Greek vuxlegides, because they fly by
157. Membrana. ] A cartilage or outward night.

EXP. FAB. VII. The story of the transformation of Daphnis, the Idæan
shepherd, figuratively shews the sensibility of a youth to the charms of a
nymph, who had conceived a strong passion for him.
FAB. VIII. That of Scython changing Sexes, has no other foundation
than his taking the name of Thracia, a famous sorceress ; the first ,being
masculine and the other feminine, and, as it were, uniting the sexes.
FAB. IX. The changing of the youth Celmus into adamant, is no other
than an allegory, beautifully showing the ineffectual efforts of the passions
on a youth under the government of his understanding.
FAB. X. In the Metamorphosis of Crocus and Smilax, we have laid be
fore us the happy result of a life spent in connubial felicity, no less chaste
than innocent.
FAB. XI. The Curetes mentioned by our author, are said to have sprung.
X
 154 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IV.

from the earth after a shower, were of the race of the Titans , that is, de
scendants of Ouranus and Tityus, whose names signify Heaven and Earth.
The Curetes were to the Titans what the Druids were to the Gauls ; the
Magi amongst the Persians, &c.; they were remarkable for their know
ledge in physic, astrology, religion, and war, and frequently had the care
of the education of princes.

FAB. XII. In order to explain the fable of Salmacis and Hermaphroditus,

we are to understand, that in Caria, near Halicarnassus, there was a foun
tain to which the Barbarians were under the necessity of going for water,
on the establishment of a colony of Argives amongst them, and led to an
intercourse with the Greeks, which humanised their manners, and by de
grees so enervated their brutal nature, that they became effeminate and
voluptuous ; whence these waters are said to change men into women.

FAB. XIII. & XIV. INO ET MELICERTES, DII MARIS, LEUCOTHEA AC

PALEMON.

Tisiphone, being sent by Juno to the palace of Athamas, occasions such

confusion and disorder there, that the King, running mad , dashes his Son,
the young Learchus, against a wall, and then pursues his wife Ino, who
to escape his fury, throws herself from the top of a rock into the Sea, with
her son Melicerta in her arms ; but Neptune, at the intercession of Venus,
changes them into Sea-Deities. Her companions, who attended her in her
flight, are also metamorphosed, some into Stones, others into Birds, and
in the instant, they are ready to throw themselves into the Sea.

Verò tum Numen Bacchi TUM verò totis Bacchi memorabile Thebis
erat memorabile totis Thebis ; Numen erat ; magnasque novi matertera
que matertera narrat ubique vires
magnas vires novi Dei ; una
erat expers doloris, de tot so- Narrat ubique Dei ; de totque a sororibus expers
roribus, nisi quem sorores fe- Una doloris erat, nisi quem fecêre sorores .
cerê. Juno aspicit hanc ha
bentem sublimes animos na- Aspicit hanc natis, thalamoque Athamantis, ha
tis, thalamoque Athamantis, bentem 5
et Numine alumno. Nec tu- Sublimes animos, et alumno Numine, Juno.
lit : et secum, Potuit natus Nec tulit : et secum, Potuit de pellice natus
de pellice vertere Mæonios Vertere Mæonios , pelagoqueimmergere, nautas,
nautas, que immergere pelago,

a doloribus.

NOTES .

2. Matertera. ] His aunt Ino, by his mo
ther amita signifies an aunt by the father.
4. Una doloris, &c.] She knew no trouble,
only what she felt for her sisters.
Nisi quem, &c. ] For they had been un
happy in their children, Agave by the fate of
Pentheus, Autonoë by that of Actæón.
5. Natis.] With her sons Learchus and
Melicertes.-Thalamoque.] With the mar
riage of Athamas, a prince of the Thebans,
and son of Æolus.
B
6. Sublimes.] Elated, proud.
Alumno.] Bacchus, for he had been edu
cated by his aunt Ino.
7. Nec tulit.] Could not bear.
Secum.] scil. ait .
Pellice.] Semele.-Natus.] Bacchus, the
son of Semele.
8. Vertere, &c.] Bacchus had transform
ed the mariners into Dolphins, had caused
the destruction of Pentheus, and changed
the daughters of Mineus into bats, for oppos
ing his power and ceremonies.
Mæonios.] The Tyrrhenians,
 METAMORPHOSEON. 155
FAB. XIII.
Et dare viscera nati laceranda
Et laceranda suæ nati dare viscera matri,
suæ matri, et operire triplices
Et triplices operire novis Minyeïdas alis ? 10 Minyeïdas novis alis ? Poterit
Nil poterit Juno, nisi ainultos flere dolores ? Juno nil nisi flere inultos do
Idque mihi satis est ? Hæc una potentia nostra est? lores ? Idque est satis mihi ?
Ipse docet quid agam . Fas est et ab hoste doceri. Et hæc est potentia una nos
tra ? Ipse docet quid agam.
Quidque furor valeat, Pentheâ cæde, satisque Est Est fas doceri et ab hoste. Sa
fas doceri
Ac super ostendit. Cur non stimuletur, eatque tisque et supèr ostendit Pen
Per cognata suis exempla sororibus Ino ? 16 theâ cæde, quid furor valeat.
Cur Ino non stimuletur, eat
Est via declivis funestâ nubila taxo : que per exempla cognata suis
Ducit ad infernas, per muta silentia, sedes. sororibus? Est declivis via,
Styx nebulas exhalat iners, umbrææque recentes nubila funestâ taxò : ducit ad
Descendunt illâc, simulacraque functa sepulchris. infernas sedes per muta silen
tia. Iners Styx exhalat ne
Pallor, hyemsque tenent late loca senta : novi bulas, que recentes umbræ
que 21 descendunt illâc, simulacraque
Quà sit iter manes, Stygiam quod ducit ad urbem, functa sepulchris. Pallor, hy
emsque tenent latè senta loca :
Ignorant, ubi sit nigri fera regia Ditis.
que novi manes ignorant qua
Mille capax aditus, et apertas undique portas, iter sit quod ducit ad urbem
Urbs habet. Utque fretum de totâ flumina terrâ, Stygiam, ubì fera regia nigri
Sic omnes animas locus accipit ille ; nec ulli 26 Ditis sit. Capax urbs habet
Exiguus populo est, turbamve accedere sentit, mille aditus, et apertas portas
undique. Utque fretum ac
Errant exsangues sinè corpore et ossibus umbra ; undique.
cipit flumina de totâ terra, sic
Parsque forum celebrant, parsimi tecta tyranni ; ille accipit omnes animas ; nec
Pars aliquas artes antiquæ imitamina vitæ 30 est exiguus ulli populo, ve sen
tit turbam accedere. Umbræ
errant exsangues sinè corpore
et ossibus : parsque celebrant forum, pars tecta imi tyranni ; pars exercent aliquas artes,
imitamina antiquæ vitæ ; a multos. b nigri.

NOTES.
9. Nati.] Of Pentheus, who was torn to souls which had not received the rites of a
pieces by his mother and aunt. funeral, were fancied to wander 100 years
10. Triplices Minyeïdas ] The three on this side of Styx. Fungor signifies to go
daughters of Minyeius . See Book III. Fa or pass through any duty or course of busi
ble xii. ver. 19. ness that ought to be done. So functus se
11. Inultos.] Not avenged. pulchro signifies one that had passed through
12. Una potentia.] scil. flere, &c. the ceremony of burial.
15. Ipse.] Bacchus himself teaches me 21. Senta. ] Filthy, dreary.
how to revenge myself of my enemies ; 22. Stygiam urbem.] The infernal city.
namely, by inspiring them with madness, as 23. Regia fera.] The cruel hall or courts.
Ditis.] Of Pluto. For as the Greeks call
he did Agave.
15. Eatque.] Let Ino run mad after the him of IIλOUTOU, Pluto, so the Latins call
example of her sisters. him Dis of divitiæ . For Pluto is the God
16. Per cognata exempla.] Through the of the Earth, and riches are dug out of the
allied or related examples ; for her relations, earth.
her sisters, who had been set mad by Bac 24. Mille.] The poet represents the great
chus, were examples or patterns instructing extent of the infernal city.
Juno howto proceed to gratify her revenge. 26. Ulli populo. ] To any multitude how
17. Est via, &c. ] Juno goes to the infernal great soever it is ; for souls take up no space,
Shades for Tisiphone. The poet here de being incorporeal .
2 'scribes those dreary realms, and the road to 29. Parsque . Some ofthem.
them. Forum. ] The place wherein sentences are
Declivis.] Steep, shelving.- Nubila.] Sha executed, and causes tried. For every one
dy, dark.- Funestâ taxo.] With dismal Yew. among the ghosts is delighted with the same
studies that he had an inclination to while
18. Ducit.] sc. quæ which.
19. Iners.] Languid, immoveable. For alive. Therefore among the dead, some are
those marshes which do not flow, send up lawyers, some courtiers, some artificers, and
fogs and offensive smells. some for their crimes are shut up in prison,
20. Functa sepulchris, ] For those unhappy Imi. Of the infernal King, Pluto.
156 P. OVIDII NASONIS™ LIB. IV.

sua pœna coërcet aliam par- Exercent ; aliam partem sua pœna coërcet.
tem . Saturnia Juno sustinet Sustinet ire illùc, coelesti sede relictâ,
ire illùc cœlesti sede relictâ
(dabat tantùm odiis iræque) (Tantùm odiis iræque dabat) Saturnia Juno.
quò simùl intravit, que limen Quò simul intravit, sacroque à corpore pressum
it limen ; trią Cerberus extulit ora : 35
pressum extulitinge-
à sacro corpore
muit : Cerberus tria Ingemu
ora : et simùl edidit tres la- Et tres latratus simul edidit. Illa sorores [men.
tratus. Illa vocat sorores ge- Nocte vocat genitas, grave et implacabile Nu
nitas nocte, grave et implaca- Carceris ante fores clausas adamante sedebant :
bile Numen : Sedebant ante
fores carceris clausas ada- Deque suis atros pectebant crinibus angues.
mante : que pectebant atros Quamsimùl agnôrunt inter caliginis umbras , 40
angues de suis crinibus. Quam Surrexêre Deæ. Sedes scelerata vocatur .
simùl Deæ agnôrunt inter Viscera præbebat Tityos lanianda , novemque
umbras
Vocatur caliginis, surrexêr e
scelerata sedes. Ti-. Jugeribus distentus erat. Tibi, Tantale , nullæ
tyos præbebat viscera lanian- Deprenduntur aquæ : quæque imminet , effugit
da, que erat distentus novem arbos. 44
jugeribus. Tantale, nullæ a- Aut petis, aut urges ruiturum, Sisyphe, saxum .
quæ deprehenduntur tibi : que Volvitur Ixion ; et se sequiturque, fugitque.
arbos quæ imminet, effugit.
Sisyphe, aut petis aut urges Molirique suis lethum patruelibus ausæ,
saxum ruiturum. Ixion volvi- Assidue repetunt, quas perdant, Belides, undas.
tur; et sequiturque, fugitque
se. Que Belides, ausæ moliri lethum suis patruelibus assiduè repetunt undas, quas perdant.

NOTES.

32. Illuc.] To the infernal Shades.
33. Tantùm, &c.] Juno was so tormented
with anger and hatred.
34. Quò simùl. ] As soon as, after that.
Pressum, &c.] The threshold groaned,
as not being calculated for the weighty bo
dies of the gods, which were supposed to be
much larger than human.
35. Cerberus.] A dog with three heads
different one from another ; for one is a
lion's, another a dog's, and a third a wolf's
head ; he is always represented as the keeper
ofhell.
36. Illa.] Juno.
Sorores.] The Furies, the daughters of
Acheron and Nox, the avengers of impieties.
They are three, Tisiphone, Alecto, and Me
gæra.
37. Grave.] Cruel.
Numen.] The Accusative, in apposition
with Sorores ; for the three sisters, always
unanimous, are considered as influenced by
⚫ne mind, and therefore called here a Deity
in the singular number.
38. Adamante.] Adamant, or diamonds,
so very hard, that it is with great difficulty
broken.
40, Agnôrunt.] For Agnoverunt.
41. Scelerata. ] Wicked, the prison of hell.
42. Tityos.] The son of Jupiter and Terra.
Heis reported to have been so large, that his
body took up the space of nine acres. For
offering violence to Diana, he was driven
into hell by Apollo's arrows, and condemned
to have vultures never ceasing to gnaw his
heart.
43. Tantale.] Tantalus was the son of Ju
piter by the nymph Plote, who for divulging
the secrets of Jupiter to mankind, and
serving up his son Pelops to the gods at an
entertainment, was sent to hell, and sen
tenced to suffer perpetual thirst, though
water touched his lips ; and perpetual hun
ger, though a tree loaded with apples hung
over his head.
44. Deprenduntur.] This verb signifies to
take by surprise, and therefore properly used
in this place.
45. Petis aut urges.] You either pursue
the stone down the hill, or with labour roll
it up.
Sisyphe.] Sisyphus was the son of Æolus,
who infesting Isthmus with his robberies,
was slain by Theseus, and sentenced to roll
a great stone from the bottom to the top of
a mountain, which as soon as it had almost
reached the summit, tumbled down again.
46. Ixion.] Ixion was the son of Phlegia,
who being taken into heaven by Jupiter,
had the presumption to make an attempt
upon Juno ; which when Jupiter came to
know, he set a cloud before him in the form
of Juno, on which he begot the Centaurs.
Being thrust down to hell, he was fixed to a
wheel, which incessantly turns round.
47. Patruelibus.] They are called patru
eles that are born of two brothers.
48. Belides.] The grand-daughters of Be
 FAB. XIII. METAMORPHOSEON. 157

Quos omnes acie postquàm Saturnia torvâ Omnes quos postquàm Satur
Vidit, et antè omnes Ixiona, rursus ab illo 50 nia vidit torvâ facie ; et Ixi
ona ante omnes, aspiciens Si
Sisyphon aspiciens, Cur hic, è fratribus, inquit, syphon rursus ab illo, inquit,
Perpetuas patitur pœnas ? Athamanta superbum Cur hic è fratribus, patitur
Regia dives habet, qui me cum conjuge semper perpetuas poenas ? Dives re
Sprevit ? et exponit causus cdiique viæque ; 54 gia habet superbum Atha
Quidque velit. Quod vellet, erat, ne regia Cadmi manta, qui semper sprevit me
cum conjuge? exponit causas
Staret : et in facinus traherent Athamanta sorores. odiique viæque ; quidque ve
Imperium, promissa, preces, confundit in unum : lit. Quod vellet, erat ne regia
Solicitatque Deas. Sic hæc Junone locutâ, Cadmi staret et sorores tra
herent Athamanta in facinus.
Tisiphone canos, ut erat turbata, capillos Confundit imperium, promis .
Movit, et obstantes rejecit ab ore colubros. 60 sa, preces in unam : solicitat
Atque ita, Non longis opus est ambagibus, infit, que Deas. Sic Junone locutâ
Facta puta, quæcunque jubes. Inamabile regnum hæc, Tisiphone ut erat turba
ta, movit canos capillos, et
Desere, teque refer cœli melioris ad auras. rejecit obstantes colubros ab
Læta redit Juno : quam cœlum intrare parantem ore. Atque infit ita, Non est
Roratis lustravit aquis Thaumantias Iris. 65 opus longis ambagibus, puta
Nec mora ; Tisiphone madefactam sanguine sumit quæcunque jubes facta. De
sere inamabile regnum, que
Importuna facem, fluidoque cruore rubentem refer te ad auras melioris coeli.
Juno redit læta : quam paran
tem intrare cœlum, Thaumantias Iris lustravit roratis aquis. Nec mora : importuna Tisi
phone sumit facem madefactam sanguine, que induitur pallam rubentem fluido cruore,

NOTES.
lus, who had two sons, Danaus and Egyptus.
Egyptus married fifty of Danaus's daugh
ters, to as many of his own sons. But Da
naus being told by the oracle of Apollo, that
he should one day or other be slain by one
of the sons of Egyptus, i. e. his son in-law,
he commanded his daughters every one of
them to murder their husbands on the wed
ding night, all of whom obeyed their father
but Hypermnestra, the youngest, who spared
her spouse Lynceus orLyncus, by whom Da
naus was afterwards slain. For this cruelty
they were sentenced perpetually to draw
water in hell out of a well in sieves : or, as
others say, to be always employed in filling
a leaky tub.
50. Ante omnes. ] Because Ixion had been
doomed to the punishment he was now suf
fering, for an insult offered to Juno.
> Illo. ] After him, sc. Ixion.
51. Fratribus ] For Sisyphus and Atha
mas were brothers, the sons of Æolus.
53. Cum conjuge.] 1 This word may be
referred either to qui or me,
54. Sprevit.] Hath despised.
Et exponti.] Ovid speaks here : Juno ex
ponit sororibus Furiis causas.
Odiíque.] Of her hatred, for which she
persecutes Athamas.
55. Quidque velit. ] She explains what she
would have the Furies do.
Ne staret.] Should be demolished.
56. In facinus, &c ] That Athamas, be
ing made raving mad, might commit some
crime, or do some mischief.- -Traherent.]
scil. et ut sorores traherent, &c.
57. Imperium, &c.] She joins together
the three motives by which alone one can
possibly influence another to comply with
a request, authority, or commands, imperi
um promises or rewards, promissa : and
humble entreaties, preces.
59. Tisiphone ] One of the three Furies
of hell, which chiefly punishes murderers :
whence she also takes her name : for ric is
to punish, and ovos is murder.
60. Obstantes .] Serpents stopping her
mouth that she could not speak. Others read
extantes. The furies are feigned to have
serpents instead of hair.
41. Longis ambagibus ] A long circum
locution of words. A long speech.
62. Facta, & c.] Your orders shall be ex
executed or, you may look upon your or
ders executed.
64. Quam cœlum, &c ] Juno is supposed
1
to have been polluted by visiting the infer
nal regions, and her maid Iris purifies her.
65. Roratis.] Sprinkled here and there.
Lustravit. Purged from the touch of in
fernal things.
Thaumantias. Gen. adis ; the daughter
of admiration, which is said to be Juno's
messenger, from sipw, the same as αγγελικ
I bring tidings.
67. Importuna. ] Troublesome, plaguy,
cruel.
Fluido cruore.] With corrupt blood.
158 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IV

que incingitur torto angue ; Induitur pallam, tortoque incingitur angue ;

egrediturque domo. Luctus
comitantur euntem : et pavor, Egrediturque domo, Luctus comitantur euntem :
et terror, que insania trepido Et pavor, et terror, trepidoque insania vultu. 70
vultu. Constiterat limine ; Limine constiterat ; postes tremuisse feruntur
Folii postes feruntur tremu- Æolii, pallorque fores infecit acernas ;
isse, pallorque infecit acernas
fores ; Solque fugit locum . Solque locum fugit . Monstris exterrita conjux ,
Conjux exterrita monstris, Territus est Athamas, tecto ue exire parabant.
Athamas est territus, que pa- Obstitit infelix, aditumque obsedit Erinnys : 75
rabant exire tecto. Infelix Nexaque vipereis distendens brachia nodis
Erinnys obstitit ; que obsedit
aditur : que distendens bra. Cæsariem excussit. Motæ sonuêre colubræ ;
chia nexa vipereis nodis ex- Parsque jacent humeris ; pars circùm pectora
cussit cæsariem. Colubræ mo [coruscant :
lapsæ
tæ sonuère ; que pars jacent Sibila dant, saniemque vomunt, linguisque
humeris : pars lapsæ circùm
pectora dant sibila, que vo- Indè duos mediis abrumpit crinibus angues ; 80
munt saniem, que coruscant Pestiferâque manu raptos immisit. At illi
linguis : indè abrumpit duos Inoosque sinus Athamantcosque pererrant :
angues mediis crinibus : que
immisit raptos pestiferâ ma- Inspirantque graves animos : nec vulnera membris .
nu. At illi pererrant Inoos- Ulla ferunt : Mens est, quæ diros sentiat ictus,
que Athamanteosque sinus ; Attulerat secum liquidi quoque monstra veneni,
inspirantque graves animos ; Oris Cerberei spumas, et virus Echidna, 88
nec ferunt ulla vulnera mem
bris Mens est quæ sentiat di- Erroresque vagos, cæcæque oblivia mentis ;
ros ictus, quoque attulerat se- Et scelus et lacrymas, rabiemque et cædis amo
cum monstra liquidi veneni, rem ;
spumas Cerberei oris, et vi- Omnia trita simùl : quæ sanguine mista recenti
rus Echidnæ, que vagos er
rores, que oblivia cæcæ men Coxerat ære cavo viridi versata cicutâ. 90
tis ; et scelus et lacrymas , ra Dùmque pavent illi, vertit furiale venenum
hiemque et amorem cædis ;
omnia trita simùl : quæ mista recenti sanguine, coxerat cavo ære versata viridi cicutâ.
Dumque illi pavent, vertit furiale venenum,

NOTES.
68. Tortoque, &c.] She uses a snake for
a girdle.
70. Trepido. ] Staring.
71. Limine.] sc. Athamantis.
Postes. ] The doors of Athamas, the son
of Eolus. Feruntur .] Are said.
72. Pallorque.] At the coming of Tisi
phone the doors become pale.
Acernas.] Made of maple.
75. Solque, &c. ] At the approach of Ti
siphone the sun shrunk back.
75. Infelix.] Quæ reddit infelices, tor
menting.
Erinnys.] The fury Tisiphone. So called
of àggalv tòv vouv, i. e. of corrupting the
mind.
76. Vipereis nodis .] In serpentine knots.
So above and below it was said vipereos
dentes.
79. Saniemque vomunt. ] Vomit gore.
Linguisque coruscant ] And brandish their
tongues.
81. Illi.] scil. angues.
83. Graves.] Perplexed, anxious, dreadful.
Graves animos.] Their deadly breath or
influence.]Vulnera .] Bitings.
84. Diros ictus.] Grievous afflictions and
perturbations.
85. Monstra veneni ] Monsters of poi
son, that is, monstrous poison.
86. Virus.] Poison.
Echidna.] Of the serpent Hydra. Echid
na in latin is called Vipera. Echidna is also
a monster; a virgin in de part, and a ser
pent in another.
87, Erroresque, &c. to amorem. ] Urgent
desires ofwandering and rambling, the com
mon effects of madness ; but the poet ele
gantly reckons them among the causes of it,
makingthem the ingredients of the compo
sition which the fury is supposed to have
brought from hell.
89. Trita. ] She had pounded them toge
ther, and to make the composition more
dreadful, mixes them with blood, ære cavo,
in a brass pot ; viridi cicutâ, with a stick of C
grean, that is strong and powerful, not wi
thered hemlock : brass and hemlock are
both poisons.
FAB. XIII. METAMORPHOSEON. 159

Pectus in amborum ; præcordiaque intima movit. in pectus amborum : que mo

Tum face jactatâ per eundem sæpius orbem, vit intima præcordia. Tum
Consequitur motos velociter ignibus ignes. face jactata sæpius per eun
dem orbem, consequitur ig
Sic victrix, jussique potens, ad inania magni 95 nes motos velociter ignibus.
Regna redit Ditis : sumptumque recingitur an Sic victrix, que potens jussi,
redit ad inania regna magni
guem.
Ditis : que recingitur sump
Protinus Æolides, mediâ furibundus in aulâ, tum anguem. Protinus Eo
Clamat, Iô comites, his retia pandite sylvis : lides furibundus in media
Hic modò cum geminâ visa est mihi prole leæna. aulâ, clamat, Iò comites pan
Utque feræ sequitur vestigia conjugis amens ; 100 dite retia his sylvis : leæna
Deque sinu matris, ridentem, et parva Learchum , cum mihi geminâ proleQuevisa
modò hic. est
amens
Brachia, tendentem rapit, et bis terqueperauras sequitur vestigia conjugis ut
More rotat fundæ, rigidoque infantia saxo " feræ ; que rapit Learchum
ridentem, et tendentem par
Discutit ossa ferox. Tùm denique concita mater, va brachia de sinu matris, et
(Seu dolor hoc fecit, seu sparsi causa veneni, ) 105 rotat bis terque per auras
Exululat ; sparsisque fugit malè sana capillis. more fundæ : que ferox dis
Teque ferens parvum nudis, Melicerta, lacertis, cutit infantia ossa, rigido
Evohe, Bacche, sonat. Bacchi sub nomine Juno saxo. Tùm denique mater
Risit; et, Hos usus præstet tibi , dixit , alumnus . concita, (seu dolor fecit hoc,
seu causa sparsi veneni) exu
Imminet æquoribus scopulus ; pars ima cava- lulat ; que malè sana fugit
tur 110 capillis sparsis. Et Melicerta
Fluctibus, et tectas defendit ab imbribus undas : ferens te parvum nudis lacer
tis, sonat, Evohe Bacche. Ju
Summa riget, frontemque in apertum porrigit no risit sub nomine Bacchi,
æquor. et dixit ; Alumnus præstet
Occupat hunc (vires insania fecerat) Ino, hos usus tibi. Scopulus im
minet æquoribus ; ima pars
Seque super pontum, nullo a tardata timore, 114 cavatur fluctibus, et defendit
Mittit, onus que suum . Percussa recanduit unda. undas tectas ab imbribus ;
summa riget, que porrigit frontem in apertum æquor. Ino occupat hunc (insania fecerat
vires) que tardata nullo timore, mittit seque, que suum onus, super pontum. Unda percussa
recanduit.
a turbata.

NOTES.
92. Movit.] She stirs up to rage, Rigidoque. ] Hard, rough.
94. Consequitur, &c.] She whirls about a 104. Discutit. ] He throws, dashes against.
blazing torch with such violence, that it Infantia ossa.] His infant bones.
describes a circle of fire. Literally, she Concita. ] Being frantic,-Mater.] Ino.
pursues, or rather, overtakes the fire with fire. 105. Sparsi.] Scattered by Tisiphone.
Ignibus ignes.] Moved by the agitation of 106. Exululat.] She sends forth horrible
the wind and torch: ་ cries, howls.
95. Inania.] Airy, as not inhabited by Male sana.] Being furious, raving mad.
bodies, but ghosts. 108. Sonat.] She cries out.
96. Sumptumque, &c.] And disengages · 109. Hos usus.] This advantage, that you
herself from the serpent with which she should rage and grow mad.
was girded. Hos usus præstet.] Catachresis : so we
97. Eolides. ] Athamas, the son of E may say in English literally, such are the
elus.
advantages that arise from having nursed
Furibundus.] Furious. Bacchus.
98. Iô.] The words used by Bacchanali 110. Imminet.] The poet describes the
ans and persons that are frantic. promontory, whence Ino threw herself and
100. Utque feræ, &c.] The order : sequi her son Melicèrtes into the sea.
turque vestigia Conjugis, ut feræ. 112. Summa. ] Pars, scil.
101, Learchum.] Athamas had two sons, Riget. ] Is rugged, craggy.
Learchus and Melicertes, by Ino, and Phryx Apertum æquor.] Into the wide sea.
us and Hellen by Nephele. 113. Occupat.] Ascends hastily.
102. Rapit.] sc. Athamas. Hunc.] The rock:
103. Rotat.] Whirls about, turns round 115. Onusque,] Her son Melicertes, which
like a wheel she carried away with her when she fed.
 160 P. OVIDII NASONIS -LIB. IV.

At Venus miserata labores At Venus immeritæ neptis miserata labores,

immeritæ neptis, sic blandita Sic patruo blandita suo est : O Numen aquarum
est suo patruo : 0 Neptune, Proxima cui coelo cessit, Neptune , potestas, }
Numen aquarum, cui potes
tas proxima cœlo cessit, qui- Magna quidem posco : sed tu miserere meorum,
dem posco magna : sed tu Jactari quos cernis in Ionio immenso, 120
miserere meorum, quos cer- Et Dis adde tuis. Aliqua et mihi gratia ponto est:
nis jactari in immenso Ionio,
et adde tuis Dis. Et aliqua Si tamen in medio quondam concreta profundo
gratia est mihi ponto : tamen Spuma fui, gratumque manet mihi nomen ab illâ.
si fui quondam spuma con- Annuit oranti Neptunus : et abstulit illis 124
profundo medio, que Quod mortale fuit, majestatemque verendam
creta in nomen
gratum manet mihi
ab illâ. Neptunus annuit o- Imposuit ; nomenque simùl, faciemque novavit,
ranti, et abstulit quod fuit Leucotheaque Deum cum matre Palamona dixit.
mortale illis, que imposuit Sidoniæ comites, quantùm valuere, secutæ
verendam majestatem ; que
novavit nomen faciemque si- Signa pedum primo videre novissima saxo: 129
mùl, que dixit Deum Pala- Nec dubiem de morte ratæ, Cadmeïda palmis
mona cum matre Leucothea. Deplanxêre domum, scissæ cum veste capillos .
Sidoniæ comites, secuta sig- Utque parum justæ, nimiumque in pellice sævæ
na pedum quantùm valuere,
videre novissima primo saxo : Invidiam fecere Deæ, convicia Juno
nec ratæ dubium de morte Non tulit, et, Faciam vos ipsas maxima, dix
deplanxêre Cadmeïda domum it, **134
cum palmis, scissæ quoad ca
pillos cum veste. Que fece Sævitiæ monumenta meæ. Res dicta secuta est;
re invidiam Dea ut parum Nam quæ præcipuè fuerat pia, Persequar, inquit,
justæ, nimiumque sæve in In freta reginam ; saltumque datura, moveri
pellice. Juno non tulit con- Haùd usquam potuit, scopuloque affixa cohæsit.
vicia, et dixit, Faciam vos ip
sas maxima monumenta meæ Altera, dùm solito tentat plangore ferire
sævitiæ. Res dicta secuta Pectora, tentatos sensit riguisse lacertos. 140
est ; nam quæ præcipuè fuerat pia, inquit, Persequar reginam in freta ; que datura saltum,
haud potuit moveri usquam, que cohæsit affixa scopulo . Altera, dùm tentat ferire pectora
solito plangore, sentit lacertos tentatos riguisse.

NOTES.

115. Recanduit.] Is made white with the
froth. This the sea makes when violently
agitated. Although candere is properly said
of iron that is made red-hot.
116. Neptis.] For Ino, who was the daugh
ter of Hermione, the daughter of Venus.
117. Patruo.] To Neptune, who is the
brother of Jove. For in the division of
the world, Heaven fell to Jupiter's share,
and the earth with the sea to Neptune's.
120. Jactari, &c.] Attend to the scanning
of this line.- Ionio ] The Ionian sea, wash
ing Greece, is situated between the Ægean
and Tyrrhenian sea.
121. Tuis.] To marine ( Sea) Gods.
Aliqua, &c.] And I ought to have some
interest in the sea, when I was born in it
and of its froth, and take my name from
thence.
Gratia.] Favour, interest.
123. Gratum nomen.] Aopodin, from
dopos, spuma ; for it was said also, that
Venus was produced from the froth of
the sea.
126. Imposuit.] The poet signifies they
were made gods.
Nomenque, &c.] Neptune changed both
the name and shape of Ino nd Melicertes.
For Ino was called in Greek, Leucothea, in
Latin Matuta. And Melicertes was called
Palamon by the Greeks, and Portumnus by
the Latins.
127. Dixit. ] He called.
129. Primo saxo.] Upon the very edge of
the promontory.
130. Cadmeïda. Of Cadmus.
131. Deplanxêre . ] They mourned for,
beating their breasts, and tearing their hair.
132. Nimiumque.] Too much cruelty
towards Semele, on whose account she mor
tally hated all the kindred of Bacchus,
133. Deæ.] Juno.
Convicia.] Their reproaches.
135. Monumenta.] Monuments, exam
1
ples.
136. Quæ.] One of them who had the
greatest love for Ino.
140. Riguisse. To become hard.
FAB. XV. METAMORPHOSEON. 161

Illa, manus.fortè a tetenderat in maris undas, Illa fortè tetenderat -manus in

Saxea facta manus in easdem porrigit undas. rigit undas maris, facta saxea por
manus in easdem undas,
Hujus, ut arreptum laniabat vertice crinem , Videres digitos hujus, ut la
Duratos subitò digitos in crine videres. 144 niabat arreptum crinen ver
Quo quæque in gestu deprenditur, hæsit in illo. tice, subitò duratos in crine
Quo in gestur quæque depren
Pars volucres facta, quæ nunc quoque gurgite in ditur, hæsit in illo. Pars fac
Equora distringunt sumptis Ismenides alis. [illo ta volucres, que nunc quo
que Ismenides distringunt æ
quora in illo gurgite alis sumptis,
a In maris illa manus fortè tetenderat nudas.
NOTES.
145 Hæsit.] Stuck fast. 147. Distringunt.] They skim.
146. In illo gurgite. ] In the same sea.

EXP. FAB. XIII . & XIV, We have already taken notice of the use the
poet has made of thegoddess Juno, (however it may reflect on the character)
in the persecution of Cadmus and his family. To proceed , Athamas having
married Ino, one of the daughters of Cadmus, Juno, in order to engage the
Furies in her design, descends to Tartarus, from whence she despatches
Tisiphone to the palace of the unfortunate King, where she occasioned
most horrible disorders.
Ovid, in his account of Athamas and his family, has so confined himself
to history, that we have little more to do , than to strip it of the marvellous,
and some of his poetical embellishments.- Athamas, the son of Æolus, and
grandson of Deucalion, upon the death of Themisto, his first wife, married
Ino, the daughter of Cadmus, but divorcing her, he married Nephele, and
had by her Phryxus and Helle ; but she being divorced in her turn, Ino
was taken back, and had two sons Learchus and Melicerta. Ino not being
able to bear in her sight the children of Nephele, who, as the first-born, stood
in the way of her children in respect to their father's possessions, therefore
determined their destruction. Thebes, at this time, was afflicted with a fa
mine, occasioned by the poisoning of the seed intended for the produce of
corn, and this by the contrivance of Ino ; this made it necessary to consult
the God Apollo, whose oracle, by corrupting his priests, is said to have de
clared, that the children of Nephele must be sacrificed to appease the anger
of the Gods. This coming to the knowledge of Phryxus, he privately left
the kingdom, taking with him his sister Helle and his father's treasures, and
sailed for Colchis, where he was kindly received by his kinsman Eta ; but the
Princess, in her passage over a Strait between Phrygia and Thrace, fell into
the sea, which was thence named the Hellespont, a name it still retains.
These iniquitous proceedings coming to the knowledge of Athamas, he first
kills Learchus, Ino's favourite, andthen went in pursuit ofher, who, to escape
his fury, fled, taking her son Melicerta with her; but finding herselfpursued,
threw herself with her son from a rock into the sea ; but the Gods, in com
passion to this unfortunate family, changed them into Sea-Divinities, bythe
names ofLeucothoë and Palæmon.- The moral that may be gathered from
this Fable, is so obvious and striking, as to render it unnecessary to be more
particular.
FAB. XV. CADMUS ET HERMIONE IN DRACONES.
Cadmus, not being able any longer to support himselfunder his repeated mis
fortunes, abandons Thebes, and retires with Hermione, the partner ofhis
calamities, into Illyria ; where, at their own request, they were changed
into Serpents.
Y
162 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB.JIV

Agenorides nescit natamNESCIT Agenorides natamparvumquenepo

parvumque nepotem esse De tem
os æquoris. Victus luctu, que Equoris esse Deos. Luctu , serieque maloruna
quæ viderat plurima, conditor Victus, et ostentis quæ plurima viderat , exit
exit suâ urbe, tanquam for- Conditor urbe suâ, tanquàm fortuna locorum,
tuna locorum non sua preme- Non sua, sepremeret: longisque erroribus actus5
ret se que actus longis er
roribus, contigit Illyricos fi- Contigit Illyricos, profugâ cum conjuge, fines.
nes cum profugâ conjuge. Jamque malis annisque graves dùm prima re
Jamque graves malis annis, tractant
dum retractant prima fata
domûs, releguntque suos la- Fata domûs, releguntque suos sermone labores
bores sermone : Cadmus ait, Num sacer ille meâ trajectus cuspide serpens,
Num ille sacer serpens tra- Cadmus ait, fuerat tùm, cùm Sidoneprofectus 10
jectus fuerat meâ cuspide, Vipereos sparsi per humum, novasemina, dentes?
tùm cùm profectus Sidone
sparsi vipereos dentes per hu- Quem si cura Deûm tam certâ vindicat irâ,
*
mum? Quem si cura Deûm Ipse, precor, serpens in longam porrigar alvum.
vindicat tam certâ irâ, ipse, Dixit: et ut serpens, in longam tenditur alvum;
precor, serpens, porrigar in Duratæque cuti squamas increscere sentit, 15
longam alvum . et,
ut serpens, tenditur in long- Nigraque cæruleis variari corpora guttis :
gam alvum ; que sentit In pectusque cadit pronus, commistaque inunum
squamas increscere durata Paulatim tereti sinuantur acumine crura.
cute, que nigra corpora va
riari cæruleis guttis : que câ- Brachia jam restant: quæ restant brachia tendit;
dit pronus in pectus, que Et lacrymis per adhuc humana fluentibus ora,20
crura commista in unum, si- Accede, O conjux, accede miserrima dixit :
nuantur tereti acu
mine. Brachia jam restant : Dùmque aliquid superest de me, me tange, ma
tendit brachia quæ restant : numque [anguis.
et lacrymis fluentibus per ad- Accipe dùm manus est, dùm non totum occupat
huc humana ora, dixit, mi- Ille quidem vult plura loqui : sed lingua repentè
serrima conjux, accede, ac
cede, et tange dùm aliquid In partes est fissa duas, nec verba volenti 25
superest de me, que accipe
manum dùm est manus, dùm anguis non occupat me totum. Ille quidem vult loqui plura :
sed lingua repentè est fissa in duas partes, nec verba

NOTES.

1. Agenorides. ] Cadmus.- Natam.] Ino.
Nepotem. ] Melicerta.
2. Serieque.] By a continuation (chain)
of misfortunes. For Series is a continuation
ofanything.. $ 2.
3. Ostentis. With prodigies.
4. Urbe.] Thebes.
Me 5. Promeret.] Had vexed.
Contigit Illyricos. ] Comes into Illyri
sum.-Conjuge. With Hermione.
7. Graves.] Being weary, or defecti an
nis, i. e. stricken in age (old. )
Dum retractant. ] While they recite, re
count, the memorials of their family. Re
tractare, is to repeat over again, or more dili
gently to handle, or take again into consi
deration.
8. Releguntque.] They collect, call to
mind again.
9. Num, &c.] Cadmus is in doubt, whe
ther the dragon that he slew at the fountain
was not sacred to some of the gods, which
had been the cause of his misfortunes.
10. Sidone. ] Sidon is a very famous city
of Phoenicia/
11. Vipereos dentes.] The dragon's teeth.
12. Quem, &c.] For the killing of whom,
if the gods take vengeance on me, I desireto
be changed to a dragon, that I may be freed
from these calamities.
Certâ irâ.] So steady a hate, that they will
never cease to harrass me with afflictions.
13. Porrigar.] I may be stretched out.
Longam alvum. ] Into a long belly.
16. Cæruleis guttis. ] With greenish spots,
such as is the colour of the sea.
17. Commistaque ] Joined.
18. Tereti.] Long and round, spiral.
Sinuantur. ] They are winded along.
19. Tendit. ] He stretches out to his wife,
25. Volenti.] Desiring to speak.
FAB. XVI. METAMORPHOSEON. 168

Sufficiunt quotiesque aliquos parat edere questus, Sufficiunt volenti ; quotiesqua

Sibilat. Hanc illi vocem Natura relinquit. parat edere aliquos. questus,
sibilat. Natura relinquit hane
Nuda manû feriens exclamat pectora conjux, vocem illi. Conjux exclamat,
Cadme, mane ; teque infelix, his exue monstris. feriens nuda pectora manû,
Cadme, quid hoc ? Ubi pes? Ubi sunt hume- Cadme mane, que infelix exue
te his monstris. Cadme, quid
rique manusque, [non 31 hoc? Ubi pes? Ubi sunt hư
Et color et facies : et, dùm loquor, omnia ? Cur merique manusque, et color,
Me quoque, cœlestes, in eundem vertitis anguem ? et facies, et, dùm loquor, om
Dixerat. Ille suæ lambebat conjugis ora : nia? Cur cœlestes nonvertitis
ane quoque in eundem an
Inque sinus caros, veluti cognosceret, ibat ; guem ? Dixerat, Ille lambe
Et dabat amplexus, assuetaque colla petebat; 35 bat ora sua conjugis : que
Quisquis adest (aderant comites) terretur ; a at ibat in caros sinus, veluti cog
illos nosceret ; et dabat amplexus,
que petebat assueta colla.
Lubrica permulcent cristati colla dracones : Quisquis adest terretur (co
Et subitò duo sunt, junctoque volumine serpunt ; mites aderant) at dracones cris
Donec in appositi nemoris subiêre latebras. 39 tati lubrica colla permulcent
Nunc quoque nec fugiunt homines, nec vul- illos, et subitò sunt duo, que
serpunt juncto volumine ; do
nere lædunt ; [ cones. nec subiêre in latebras appositi
Quidque priùs fuerint, placidi meminêre dra- nemeris. Nunc quoque nec
fugiunt homines, nec lædunt
vulnere, que placidi dracones memninêre quid fuerint priùs.
aat illi
Lubrica perlucent cristati colla dracones.

NOTES.
26. Sufficiunt.] Help, afford assistance. mires that she sees none of the members of
Sometimes sufficio signifies, to suffice. Some Cadmus.
times to appoint in the place of. Hence we 37. Cristati.] Having crests on their
say, suffectos Consules, and other magis heads.
trates, who are substituted in the place of 38. Junctoque volumine.] With a joint
those who are dead. rolling.
27. Sibilat.] Hisses, like a snake. 39. Appositi.] That was hard by, neigh
31. Dùm loquor omnia?] Hermione ad- bouring.

EXP. FAB. XV. Cadmus is a remarkable instance of an unfortunate

Prince ; he was banished from Thebes, the very city whose foundation he
Jaid, and, with his dear Hermione, retired into Illyria, where, borne down
by their misfortunes, they died in each other's arms. What is said of their
being changed into Serpents, arose from their ending their days with a
people, whose name in the Hebrew language signified Serpents, which
Ovid would not omit to improve to his own design.
• " In the fate of Cadmus, we are furnished with a most excellent lesson
and admonition against the ingratitude of the world, which is so constant
an attendant on benevolence, as to seem inseparable from it.

FAB. XVI. & XVII. GUTTE MEDUSE IN SERPENTES . ATLAS FILIUS IN

MONTEM SUÍ NOMINIS.
Li
Perseus, the son of Jupiter by Danaë, having killed Medusa, carries ber
head into Africa, where the blood that runs from it, produces abundance
of Snakes. Atlas, King of Mauritania, terrified at the remembrance of
an oracle that acquainted him that his Golden Fruit should be taken
from him by a son of Jupiter, directs Perseus, not only on that account,
to leave the kingdom, but uses violence to force him, whereupon the hero
presents to him the Gorgon's head, by which he is changed into a mountain.
164 P. OVIDII NASONIS : LIB. IV.

Sed tamen nepos dederat SED tamen ambobus versæ solatia formæ [bat
magna solatia versæ 1 formæ
ambobus, quem India debel Magna nepos dederat, quem debellata cole
lata colebat : quem Achaia India : quem positis celebrabat Achaïa templis.
celebrabat templis positis. Solus Abantiades ab origine cretus eâdem,
Acrisius Abantiades, cretus Acrisius superest, qui monibus arceat urbis 5
ab eâdem origine, solus su- Argolica ; contraque Deum ferat arma ; ge
perest, qui arceat Deum mo
nibus Argolicæ urbis ; que nusque [putabat
ferat arma contra Deum ; Non putet esse Jovis. Neque enim Jovis esse
que putet non esse genus Jo- Persea :
vis. Neque enim putabat : quem pluvio Danaë conceperat auro.
Persea esse Jovis : quem Da- Mox tamen Acrisium (tanta est præsentia veri)
nae conceperat pluvio auro. Tam violàsse Deum, quàm non agnôsse nepotem
Tamenmox pœnitet Acrisium, Pœnitet. Impositus jam cœlo est alter ; et alter 11
tam violasse Deum, quàm non Viperei referens spolium memorabile monstri,
agnôsse nepotem (tanta est
præsentia veri. ) Jam alter Aera carpebat tenerum stridentibus alis.
est impositus cœlo; et alter, Cùmque super Libycas victor penderet arenas,
referens memorabile spolium Gorgonei capitis guttæ cecidère cruentæ : 15
viperei monstri, carpebat te
nerum aëra stridentibus alis, Quas humus exceptas varios animavit in angues,
Cùmque victor penderet super Unde frequens illa est, infestaque, terra colubris.
Libycas arenas, cruenta gutte Indé per immensum, veutis discordibus, actus,
Gorgonei capitis cecidêre : Nunc hùc, nunc illuc, exemplo nubis aquosæ
quas exceptas humus animavit
in varios angues, undè illa Fertur et ex alto seductas æthere longe 20
terra est frequens, infestaque Despectat terras, totumque supervolat orbem.
colubris. Indè actus discor- Ter gelidas Arctos, ter Cancri brachia vidit :
sum, ventis
dibus nunc fertur
hùc, perimmen
nunc illuc Sæpe sub occasus, sæpè est ablatus in ortus.
exemplo aquose nubis, et des- Jamque cadente die, veritus se credere nocti,
pectat terras seductas longè ab Constitit Hesperio, regnis Atlantis, in orbe, 25
alto æthere, que supervolat to
tum orbem. Ter vidit gelidas Arctos, ter brachia Cancri : sæpè est ablatus sub occasus,
Sæpè in ortus. Que die jam cadente, veritus credere se nocti, constitit in Hesperio orbe,
regnis Atlantis,
NOTES.

2. Nepos.] Bacchus who brought home Alter.] Bacchus.

a most glorious triumph, on his conquest of
India.
Debellata.] Overcome in war.
3. Positis ] Built.-Achaia.] Greece.
4. Abantiades. ] The son of Abas, king
of the Argives, whose grandfather was Be
lus, the son of Jupiter.
Ab eâdem origine.] From Jupiter. For
Belus was the son of Jupiter, and father of
Abas whose son Acrisius was.
Cretus.] Born.
7. Jovis.] sc. Filium vel Genus. Perseus
was the son of Jupiter by Danaës, the daugh
ter of Acrisius. I 20.] Seductas.] Separated.
8. Pluvio auro. ] For Jupiter being turn
ed into a shower of gold, is said to have
descended into Danae's lap, and thus begot
Perseus.
9. Præsentia veri. ] The force of truth.
11. Poenitet.] Repented. Because he had
intelligence that Perseus had done exploits
worthy of Jove, and he saw Bacchus taken
into the number ofthe gods.
Impositus Calo. ] Taken into heaven,
12. Spolium.] The head of Medusa.
Memorabile. ] Memorable, worthy to be
related.
13. Carpebat.] He flew, cut the tender air.
14. Arenas.] The sandy grounds or de
sarts, of which there are a great store in Ly
bia. 1 *
15. Gorgonei capitis.] Of Medusa's head.
The Gorgons were three sisters, one of whom,
Medusa, was killed by Perseus.
18. Per immensum. ] Through the bound
less expanse of Heaven. Actus.] Driven
forward.
21. ] Despectat.] He looks downwards.
Totumque, &c.] And flies over the whole
world.
22. Arctos.] The cold Septentriones,
which the sun never comes nigh.
Cancri. ] See Book II. ver. 3.
24. Cadente die. ] At the setting of the
sun.
25. Hesperio ] In the western part of
the world. Hesperus is a star which ap
FAB. XVI. METAMORPHOSEON. 165

Exiguamque petit requiem : dùm Lucifer ignes que petit exiguam requiem :
dùn Lucifer evocet ignes
Evocet Auroræ, currus, Aurora, diurnos. Aurora, et Aurora diurnos
Hie hominum cunctos, ingenti corpore, præstans currus. Hic Atlas Japetioni
Japetionides Atlas fuit. Ultima tellus des præstans fuit cunctos ho
Rege sub hôc, et pontus erat, qui Solis anhelis minum ingenti corpore. Ul
tima tellus et pontus erat sub
Æquora subdit equis, et fessos excipit axes. 31 hôc rege, qui subdit æquora
Mille greges illi, totidemque armenta, per herbas anhelis equis Solis, et excipit
Errabant : et humum vicinia nulla premebant. · fessos axes, Mille greges to
Arboreæ frondes auro radiante nitentes tidemque armenta errabant
illi per herbas : et nulla vi
Ex auro ramos, ex auro poma ferebant... 35 cinia premebant humum.
Hospes, ait Perseus illi, seu gloria tangit Arboreæ frondes nitentes ra
Te generis magni, generis mihi Jupiter auctor : diante auro, ferebant ramos
ex auro, poma ex auro, Per
Sive es mirator rerum, mirabere nostras. seus ait illi, Hospes, seu gloria
Hospitium requiemque peto. Memor ille vetustæ magni generis tangit te, Jus
Sortis erat : (Themis hanc dederat Parnassia piter auctor generis mihi :
sortem :) 40 sive es mirator rerum, mira
bere nostras. Peto hospiti
Tempus, Atla, veniet, tua quo spoliabitur auro um requiemque. Ille memor
Arbor, et hunc prædæ titulum Jove natus habebit. erat vetusta sortis : ( Parnassia
Id metuens, solidis pomaria clauserat Atlas Themis dederat hanc sortem :)
Monibus, et vasto dederat servanda draconi. Atla, tempus veniet, quo ar
bor tua spoliabitur auro, et
Arcebatque suis externos finibus omnes. 45 natus Jove habebit hunc titu
Huic quoque, Vade procul, ne longè gloria rerum lum prædæ. Atlas, metuens
Quas mentiris, ait, longè tibi Jupiter absit. id, clauserat pomaria solidis
monibus, et dederat servan
Vimque minis addit, foribusque expellere tentat
Cunctantem et placidis miscentem fortia dictis. da vasto draconi. Arcebat'
que omnes externos suis fini
Viribus inferior ( quis enim par esset Atlanti 50 bus. Quoque ait huic, Vade
Viribus ? ) At quoniam parvi tibi gratia nostra est, procùl, ne gloria rerum quas
mentiris absit longè, Jupiter
absit longè tibi. Que addit vim minis, que tentat expellere foribus cunctantem et miscentem
fortia placidis dictis. Inferior viribus (quis enim esset par Atlanti viribus ?) At quoniani
nostra gratia est parvi tibi,

NOTES.

pears in the west, in the evening ; whence 39. Ille. ] Atlas.

Hesperius orbis. Sometimes Spain and Ita
ly are called Hesperia.
Atlantis.] A king of Mauritania, whom
Perseus turned into a mountain, which is
said to bear up the Heavens, as Atlas was
the first inventor of astrology, or because
that mountain is so high, that it seems to
touch them.
26. Ignes Aurora .] The Light of the
morning, which always comes before the
sun. A periphrasis of the morning.
27. Diurnos currus.] The course of the
day and sun. For Aurora (the goddess of
the morning) introduces both the day and
'sun. • 46. Huic.] To Perseus.
29. Japetionides. ] The son of Japetus.
Ultima tellus.] Mauritania, with the rest
of the west.
30. Anhelis.] Weary and tired ; for the
Atlantic ocean seems to receive the horses
of the sun after the fatigue of the day.
33. Vicinia nulla ] For none of the neigh
bours had any ploughed lands, they were in
Atlas's possession.
" Vestustæ sortis.] Of the ancient oracle.
40. Themis.] Who has a temple in Mount
Parnassus,
42. Hunc titulum.] This glory. Titu
lus is so called of tutando ; because every one
defends his titles, deeds, and exploits.
Natus Jove.] Hercules, who afterwards
carried away those apples, ab insomni ma
lè custoditæ dracone, as he says, Book IX.
Fab. III:
43. Pomaria.] His orchards ; though po
maria are properly places where apples are
laid up. Atlas is said to have had golden
apples in his orchards.
Vade procul.] Begone from my kingdom,
lest, being vanquished by me, your pre
tended glory of a descent from Jupiter
proves false.
50. Par esset.] Could be able to stand
against for Atlas was a mighty prince.
51. At quoniam. ] But since you so lightly
regarded my glory, take a present that is ht
for you. A sharp irony.
166 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IV.

ait, Accipe munus, que ipse Accipe munus, ait, lævâque à parte Medusæ,
retrò versus protulit squalen- Ipse retrò versus, squalentia protulit ora.
tia ora Medusæ à lævâ parte,
Atlas factus mons, quantus e Quantus erat, mons factus Atlas ! Jam barba
rat! Jam barba comæque a comæque [que :
beunt in sylvas : que humeri In sylvas abeunt : juga sunt humerique manus
manusque sunt juga : quod
ante fuit caput, est cacumen Quod caput antè fuit, summo est in monte ca
in summo monte. Ossa fi cumen . 56
unt lapis : tùm auctus in om- Ossa lapis fiunt : tùm partes auctus in omnes
nes partes crevit in immen- Crevit in immensum ( sie Di statuistis) et omne,
sùm (Di sic
ne cœlum statuistis)
, cum et om Cum tot sideribus, cœlum requievit in illo.
tot sideribus,
requievit in illo.

NOTES.

53. Ipse retrò versus. ] Turning his head
the other way, lest he himself should be also
metamorphosed.- Protulit. ] He exposed.
Ora squalentia.] The face of Medusa was
hideous.
55. Abeunt.] Are changed.
Juga. ] The tops of the mountain.
58. Sic Dî statuistis. ] So ye, ye gods, de
termined.
Omne cœlum.] The whole Heaven. Cic.
Exercitus omnis interiit. So Cæs. Gallia est
omnis divisa in très partes.

FAB . XVIII & XIX. VIRGÆ SUBJECTÆ gorGONIS CAPITI IN CURALIUM.

PERSEUS, MONSTRO INTErfecto , anDROMEDAM Liberat. MEDUSE
CRINES IN SERPENTES.

Perseus, on his Metamorphoses of Atlas into a Mountain, departs for Æthio

pia, where he arrives at the very instant Andromeda is exposed to be
devoured by a sea-monster, whom he engages and kills, and hides the
Gorgon's head in the sand, covering it with sea-weed, and plants, which
are immediately turned into Coral.

Hippotades
æterno carcereclauserat
: Lucifer cla CLAUSERAT Hippotades æterno carcere
ventos
ventos
rissimus alto cœlo, admoni
torque operum, erat ortus. Admonitorque operum, cœlo, clarissimus, alto
Ille ligat pedes ab utrâque Lucifer ortus erat. Pennis, ligat ille, resumptis,
parte resumptis pennis, que Parte ab utrâque, pedes ; teloque accingitur
accingitur unco telo : Et fin
dit liquidum aëra motis ta unco.
laribus. Que innumeris gen- Et liquidum, motis talaribus, aëra findit 5
tibus relictis, circùmque, in- Gentibus innumeris, circùmque infràque, relictis,
fràque, conspicit populos Ethiopum populos, Cepheïa conspicit arva.
Æthiopum, Cepheïa arva.

NOTES.

1. Hippotades.] Eolus was the son of and business.

Jupiter, and Acesa the daughter of Hippo
ta. The god of the winds had shut them
up, to give an easy passage to his brother
Perseus, who was to take a journey through
the air.
Æterno.] Everlasting.
2. Admonitorque operum.] Which puts
men in mind of their work ; for when Lu
cifer appears, mankind rise to their work
2. Pennis resumptis.] Resuming his wings
which he had laid aside by night.
lile ] Perseus.
4. Teloque unco. ] With a crooked sword
called a Falchion.
7. Cepheïa arva.] The kingdom of Ce
pheus. Son of Phoenix, king of the Ethi
opians, husband of Cassiope, and father of
Andromeda.
FAB. XVIII. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 167

Illic immeritam, maternæ pendere linguæ, Illic injustus Ammon jusserat

Andromedan immeritam pen
Andromedan, poenas a injustus jusserat Ammon.
dere pœnas maternæ linguæ,
Quamsimul, ad duras religatam brachia cautes, 10 Quam simùl Abantiades vidit
Vidit Abantiades ; nisi quòd levis aura capillos religatam brachia ad duras
Moverat, et trepido manabant lumina fletu, cautes, nisi quòd levis aura
Marmoreum ratus esset opus.. Trahit insciùs moverat capillos, et lumina
manabant trepido fletu, ratus
ignes ; esset marmoreum opus. In
Et stupet : et visæ correptus imagine formæ, sciùs trahit ignes ; et stupet :
Penè suas quatere est oblitus, in aëre, pennas. 15 et correptus imagine visa for
mæ, penè est oblitus quatere
Ut stetit, O, dixit, non istis digna catenis ; suas pennas in aëre. Ut stetit,
Sed quibus inter se cupidi junguntur amantes ; dixit, O non digna istis cute
Pande requirenti nomen terræque tuumque ; nis ; sed quibus cupidi aman
Et cur vincla geras. Primò silet illa, nec audet tes junguntur inter se ; que
pande tuum nomen terræque
Appellare virum virgo, manibusque modestos 20 requirenti ; et cur geras vin
Celâsset vultus, si non religata fuisset. cla. Illa virgo silet primò,
Lumina, quod potuit, lacrymis implevit obortis. nec audet appellare virum ,
Sæpiùs instanti, sua ne delicta fateri que celâsset modestos vultus
manibus, si non fuisset reli
Nolle videretur, nomen terræque suumque,
gata. Quod potuit, implevit
Quantaque maternæ fuerit fiducia formæ, 25 Jumina lacrymis obortis. Que
Indicat. Et, nondum memoratis omnibus, unda indicat nomen terræ suumque,
quantaque fuerit fiducia ma
Insonuit : veniensque immenso bellua ponto ternæ fornæ, ne videretur
Imminet, et latum sub pectore possidet æquor. nolle fateri sua delicta instan
Conclamat virgo. Genitor lugubris, et amens ti sæpiùs. Et unda insonuit,
Mater adest ; ambo miseri, sed justius illa ; 30 omnibus nondùm memoratis :
Nec secum auxilium, sed diguos tempore fletus, que bellua imminet veniens
immenso ponto et possidet
Plangoremque ferunt, vinctoque in corpore ad- latum æquor sub pectore.
hærent. Virgo conclamat. Genitor
lugubris, et mater amens adest, ambo miseri, sed illa justiùs : nec ferunt auxilium secum,
sed fletus dignos tempore, plangoremque, que adhærent in vincto corpore,
a immitis,

NOTES.

8. Maternæ Linguæ.] For Cassiope pre
sumed to vie with the Nereides for beauty.
8. Injustus. ] Severe ; for justus signifies
kind as well as just.
Jusserat.] Andromeda was bound to the
rock by order of the oracle.
10. Duras cautes.] To the sharp rocks.
11. Abantíades.] Perseus, the son of Da
naë, the daughter of Acrisius, the son of
Abas,
12. Trepido fletu. Swift-flowing tears.
Manabant.] Did drop, did flow.
13. Marmoreum opus. ] A marble statue.
Insciùs.] Not knowing who she was, he
fell in love with her.
15. Quatere.] To move, to shake.
16. Istis catenis. ] Those chains.
17. Sed, &c.] But the bands of a mutual
love. ·
18. Pande. ] Tell me.
Requirenti. ] To me asking.
Terræque. ] Thy city and country.
20. Appellare virum.] To speak to a man.
Virgo. ] Because she was a virgin.
25. Instanti.] Pressing to tell her name
and country.
Sua ne delicta, & c.] Lest Perseus should
imagine that her silence was occasioned by
any guilt of her own, she tells him the
whole truth.
25. Maternæ formæ.] Of the beauty of her
mother Cassiope, who valued herself above
the Nymphs.
28. Imminet.] Stands out.
Latum æquor.] An emphasis, by which
the largeness of the monster is pointed out,
29, Genitor.] Her father Cepheus.
Lugubris Miserable. It also signifies
mourning, or mourning cloaths.
30. Mater.] Cassiope.
Justiùs illa.] Cassiope deserved rather to
be wretched, as she had been the cause ofthe
calamity which befel them.
51. Dignos tempore. ] Suitable to the
occasion.
32. Ferunt.] Bring along with them.
Vinctoque, &c.] They embrace Andro
meda, being bound,
 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IV.
168

Tunc hospes ait sic : Longa Cùm sic hospes ait: Lacrymarum longa manere
runt manerlacrymarum
tempora e vos : hora ad fe Tempora vos poterunt ; ad opem brevis hora
pote-
ferendam est. 34
rendam opem est brevis. Si
ego Perseus peterem hanc, Hanc ego si peterem Perseus, Jove natus et illâ,
natus Jove et illâ, quam Jupi- Quam clausam implevit foecundo , Jupiter , auro;
ter implevit
auro clausam
; Perseus, r an Gorgonis anguicoma Perseus superator, et alis
fœcundo
superato
guicoma Gorgonis, et ausus Ætherias ausus jactatis ire per auras ;
ire per ætherias auras jactatis Præferrer cunctis certè gener. Addere tantis
alis ; certè præferrer gener Datibus et meritum ( faveant modò Numina ) tento.
cunctis. Et tento addere mer- Ut mea sit, servata meâ virtute, paciscor. 41
itum tantis dotibus (modò
Numina faveant.) Paciscor Accipiunt legem, (quis enim dubitaret ?) et orant,
ut sit mea, servata meâ vir- Promittuntque super regnum dotale, parentes.
tute. Parentes accipiunt le- Ecce ! velut navis præfixo concita rostro
gem : (quis
et orant promienim
ttuntdubitaret
que dotale ?) Sulcat aquas , juvenum sudantibus acta lacertis :
Ecce ! velut Sic fera, dimotis impulsu pectoris undis, 46
regnum super.
navis concita præfixo rostro Tantùm aberat scopulis, quantùm Balearica torto
sulcat aquas, umacta sudantibus Funda potest plumbo medii transmittere cœli :
Jacertis juven : sic fera, un
dis dimotis impulsu pectoris, Cùm subitò juvenis, pedibus tellure repulsa, 49
aberat tantùm scopulis, quan- Arduus in nubes abiit. Ut in æquore summo
tùm medii cœli Balearica Umbra viri visa est, visam fera sævit in umbram :
funda potest transmittere Utque Jovis præpes , vacuo cùm vidit in arvo
plumbo torto : cùm juvenis
subitò abiit arduus in nubes, Præbentem Phœbo liventia terga draconem ,
tellure repulsâ pedibus. Ut æquore, fera sævit in visam umbram : utque præpes Jovis,
umbra viri visa est in summo
cùm vidit draconem in vacuo arvo præbentem liventia terga Phobo,

NOTES.

33. Hospes.] Perseus. he had asked.- Parentes.] The father and

Manere. ] To wait upon.
54. Ad opem.] To bring help to Andro
meda.
55. Hanc. Perseus makes known his
virtues and achievements to Andromeda's
parents, that he might more easily obtain
what he desired.
Peterem.] If I should ask her in marriage,
I should have reason to expect a preference
to others from my birth, and from my own
merit and actions ; but to wave such pre
tensions, I undertake to save her from the
monster. Will that entitle me to be her
husband ?--Illâ.] Danaë.
36. Clausam.] Shut up in a brazen tower.
40. Et meritum.] A service also.- Faveant
modo Numina.] If the gods will but help me.
41. Mea.] sc. Uxor.
42. Legem.] The condition which Per
seus proposed to them ; that she should be
his, if he saved her.
Dubitaret . ] To accept the condition of
fered.
Orant.] They request him to save their
daughter.
43. Promittuntque .] And they promise
him, over and above, the kingdom for a
pertion.
Super ] Moreover, over and above what
mother of Andromeda.
44. Ecce, &c. ] By this similitude, the mag
nitude and force of the sea-monster is signi
fied.- Navis, &c.] A ship having a beak in
its prow.- Concita.] Swift.
45. Sulcat. ] Divides and separates the
waters, cuts into furrows.
Acta.] ' Driven on.
47. Quantùm. ] The beast was as far from
the rock as a leaden bullet would pass from
a sling (a stone's throw.)
Balearica.] The people of those islands
were remarkable slingers.
48. Medii coeli.] Depends on quantump.
The middle space of the air.
49. Repulsâ. ] So Book II. De Pallade.
50. Arduus.] High.
52. Utque Jovis, &c.] The poet, by a
beautiful simile, shows with what agility
Perseus overcame the sea-monster.
Præpes.] The eagle, which is a mortal
enemy to serpents. The larger sort of
fowls, from the flight of which auguries are
made, are called Præpetes. Præpes is also
the same as velox, swift.
Vacuo. ] Open. Having no standing corn.
53. Præbentem Phæbo, &c. ] Turning his
back to Phoebus, i. e . basking in the sun.
Liventia.] Pale and black.
 FAB. XVIII, METAMORPHOSEΩN . 169

Occupat aversum : neu sæva retorqueat ora, Occupat.aversum : neu retor

Squamigeris avidos figit cervicibus ungues : 55 queat sæva ora, figit avidos
ungues squamigeris cervici
Sic celeri fissum præpes per inane volatu bus ; sic Inachides, præpes
Terga feræ pressit, dextroque frementis in armo celeri volatu per fissum inane,
Inachides ferrum curvo tenùs abdidit hamo. pressit terga feræ, que abdidit
ferrum tenùs curvo hamo in
Vulnere læsa gravi, modò se sublimis in auras dextro armo frementis. Læsa
Attollit; modo subdit aquis, modò more ferocis 60 gravi vulnere, modò sublimis
Versat apri, quem turba canum circumsona terret. attollit se in auras ; modò sub
dit aquis,
lile avidos morsus velocibus effugit alis, [chis, ferocis mod versat more
apri, quem circumsona
Quaquepatent, nunc terga cavis super obsita con- turba canumterret. Ille effu
Nunc laterum costas, nunc quà tenuissima cauda git avidos morsus velocibus
Desinit in piscem, falcato vulnerat ense. 65 alis, que nunc vulnerat terga
obsita super cavis conchis,
Bellua puniceo mistos cum sanguine fluctus quà patent, nune costas late
Ore vomit : maduêre graves aspergine pennæ.
rum, nunc quà tenuissimą
Nec bibulis ultrà Perseus talaribus ausus cauda desinit in piscem, fal
Bellua vomit ore
Credere : a conspexit scopulum, qui vertice summo cato ense.
fluctus mistos cum puniceo
Stantibus extat aquis ; operitur ab æquore moto. sanguine : graves penna ma
Nixus eo, rupisque tenens juga prima sinistrâ, 71 duere aspergine. Nec Persgus
Ter quater exegit repetita per ilia ferrum. ausus ultrà credere bibulis ta
Littora cum plausu clamor superasque Deorum laribus : conspexit scopulum,
qui exstat vertice summo aquis
Implevêre domos gaudent , generumque salutant, stantibus : operitur ab moto
Auxiliumque domus, servatoremque fatentur 75 æquore. Nixus eo, que teneus
Cassiope, Cepheusque pater. Resoluta catenis prima juga rupis sinistrâ, exe
Incedit virgo, pretiumque et causa laboris. git ferrum per ilia repetita ter
quater. Clamor cum plausu
implevêre littora superasque ,
domos Deorum : gaudent, que salutant generum, que Cassiope, que pater Cepheus fatentur
auxilium servatoremque domus. Virgo pretiumque & causa laboris, resoluta catenis incedit,
a- conscendit.

NOTES,

54. Occupat aversum ] He seizes him, vomited by the sea-monster:

while his head is turned another way.
Neu.] And lest.
Retorqueat.] It should turn backward.
55. Avidos ungues.] His greedy talons.
Squamigeris cervicibus.] Into the scaly
neck.
56. Præpes.] Agrees with Inachides,
Perseus the winged Argive ; for those peo
ple were called Inachida, from one of their
ancient kings Inachus.- Inane.] The air.
57. Frementis.] Of the bellowing, raging
monster.- In armo. ] The shoulder.
Curvo tenus hamo.] To the crooked hilt.
61. Circumsona.] Sounding or barking.
62. Ille ] Perseus.--Avidos morsus ] The
bites of the greedy monster.
63. Quaque patent, &c. ] The order ; vul
neratque falcato ense nunc terga super obsitą
cavis conchis, qua patent, nunc laterum, &c.
Super, &c.] Covered over with shells ;
for shells stick to the backs of sea-monsters ;
or understand by conchis hard scales.
65. Falcato.] Crooked, and like a sickle.
66. Punicco ] Red.
67. Maduêre.] The feathers of Perseus's
wings were wet and heavy with the water
68. Bibulis. ] Dropping with wet ; for
that which drink is in, is called bibulum :
whence comes bibula charta, paper that lets
the ink sink in. They also are called Bibuli
who drink much.
Ultra Any longer.
69. Credere.] To trust to.
70. Stantibus extat aquis.] Appears when
the water is smooth and calm.
71. Nixus eo. ] Alighting upon this rock,
he wounded the monster with the sword.
72. Repetita.] Attacked again and again.
73. Clamor. ] Shouts.
74. Implevêre.] Has for its nominative
Clamor cum plausu. See the note on lactea
pomen, &c. v, 7. of the 6th Fable, Book 1.
Domos Deorum.] The heavens.
75. Servatorem.] The deliverer, who had
delivered Andromeda from death. For ser
vare aliquem is to bring any one into a safe
place, to preserve them ; or, (as Sosia speak ·
ing in Ter. ad And.) auxilium ferre. Fa
Simo had said, Quæ sese voluit in igre
jicere, probibui, servavi.
76. Generum.] From Gener,
Z
 170 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IV.

Ipse abluit victrices manus Ipse manus haustâ victrices abluit undâ,
haustâ undâ, que mollit hu
mum foliis ne lædat anguife- Anguiferumque caput a nudâ ne lædat arenâ, 79
rum caput nudâ arenâ : que Mollit humum foliis ; natasque sub æquore virgas Min
sternit virgas natas sub - Sternit, bet imponit Phorcynidos ora Medusa.
quore, imponit oraRecens
cynidoset Medusa. Virgarapuit
Phor- Vim recens, bibulâque
monstri, etiamnùm medullâ
viva hujus,
tactuque induruit
virga, que etiamnùm viva, ra
puit vim monstri bibulâ me- Percepitque novum ramis et fronde rigorem.
dullâ, que induruit tactu bu- At pelagi Nymphæ factum mirabile tentant 85
jus, que percepit novum ri- Pluribus in virgis : et idem contingere gaudent :
grem ramis et fronde. At
Nympha pelagi tentant mira. Seminaque ex illis iterant jactata per undas.
bile factum in pluribusvirgis : Nunc quoque coraliis eadem natura remansit :
et gaudent idem contingere : Duritiem tacto capiant ut ab aëre, quodque 89
que iterant semina jactata per Vimen in æquore erat, fiat super æquora saxum ,
undas ex illis. +1 Nunc quoque
eadeni natura remansit cora- Dis tribus ille focos totidem de cespite ponit :
liis : ut capiant, duritiem ab Lævum Mercurio ; dextrum tibi, bellica Virgo ;
aëre tacto, quodque erat vi- Ara Jovis media est : mactatur vacca Minervæ ;
men in æquore, fiat saxum
super æquora. • Ille ponit to- Alipedi vitulus ; taurus tibi, summe Deorum.
tidem focos de cespite tribus Protinùs Andromedan, ettanti præmia facti 95
Dis : lævum Mercurio ; dex- Indotata, rapit. Tædas Hymenæus, Amorque,
trum tibi, bellica Virgo ; ara i
Jovis est media : vacca mactatur Minervæ ; vitulus Alipedi ; summe Deorum, taurus tibi.
Protin's rapit Andromedan, et indotata præmia tanti facti. Hymenæus , Amorque præ
cutiunt tædas ; a durâ. but imponat. cut tanti præmia facti
Indotata capit.

NOTES.

78. Ipse ] Perseus. having overcome the sea monster, erects

79. Anguiferum caput.] The head of Me
Jusa.
80. Mollit, &c. ] He softened the place
where the Gorgon's head was to be laid,
with leaves and twigs.
81. Phorcynidos.] Of the daughter of
Phorcus or Phorcys and Cetus.
82. Recens.] Newly plucked.
Bibulâque medullâ.] In its spongy pith.
83. Rapuit, &c.] Contracted the virtue
of Medusa's head ; which turned every
thing into stone.
84. Percepitque.] Received.
Novum.] An unusual hardness ; for be
fore it was soft while under the water.
85. Nymphæ.] The Nereides.
Tentant.] Try.
86. Gaudent.] They rejoice when they
see the twigs grow hard like a stone.
88. Coraliis.] Corals. This Pliny calls
Pyrites, or a fire-stone.
89. Ab aëra.] For being brought into the
air, it grows hard. S Svetat
90. Vimen.] A soft and flexible twig.
Saxum.] A stone, or hard as a stone.
Saxa are properly rocks.- Saxumfiat.] Such
is the nature of coral.
91. Dis.] Perseus, resolving to give
thanks and do sacrifice to the gods for
three altars on the shore to three gods,
Minerva, Mercury and Jupiter ; upon
which he offers a cow to Minerva, a calf to
Mercury, and an ox to Jupiter.
92. Lævum.] The middle place is the first
place of honour, the left hand the next, says
Lipsius, book II. Electorum, chap. 2. Why
then has Pallas a place assigned above
Mercury? Upon account of the burnt offer
ing, which is the more honourable and pro
per to Pallas.
94. Alipedi.] Mercury was called Alipes
on account of the wings he wore upon his
heels, Talaria, which wings he had lent to
Perseus, and for this reason Perseus raised an
altar to him.Minerva was the goddess of
wisdom and conduct in battle, and therefore
had a good right to expect the gratitude of
Perseus. And Jupiter, as supreme, was al
ways to have the first and chiefest honours.
96. Indotata.] The virgin without adow
er, not regarding the kingdom, which was
promised him by her parents. Otherwise in
dotem, i e. for a portion or dower. Others
will have the particle in to be intensive, I. e.
with a great portion ; for Perseus took An
3 dromeda with the kingdom of Ethiopia for a
dower. 41:
Tadas.] Love and Hymen hastenthe mar
FAB. XVIII. METAMORPHOSEON. 171

Præcutiunt ; largis satiantur odoribus ignes ; ignes satiantur largis odori

que serta dependent tec
Sertaque dependent tectis ; Lotique, lyræquè, bus ; Lotique lyræquè, tibia
tis.
Tibiaque, et cantus, animi felicia læti que et cantus sonant, felicia
Argumenta, sonant. Reseratis aurea valvis 100 argumenta læti anini. Tota
Atria tota patent, pulchroque instructa paratu ; aurea atria patent, valvis re
seratis, que [proceres Cephe
[ Cepheni proceres ineunt convivia regis. ] ni regis ineunt convivia] in
Postquam epulis functi, generosi munere Bacchi structa pulchro paratu. Post
Diffudère animos : cultusque habitusque locorum quàm functi epulis diffudêre
Quærit Abantiades. Quærenti protinùs unus 105 animos munere generosi Bac
chi Abantiades quærit cul
Narrat Lyncides moresque habitusque virorum. tusque habitusque locorum.
Quæ simul edocuit, Nunc, ô fortissime, dixit, Unus Lyncides protinùs nar
Fare precor, Perseu, quantâ virtute, quibusque rat moresque habitusque vi
Artibus abstuleris crinita draconibus ora. 109 rorum. Quæ simùl edocuit,
dixit, Nunc ô fortissime Per
Narrat Agenorides ; gelido sub Atlante jacentem seu, precor fare, quantâ vir
Esse locum, solidæ tutum munimine molis ; tute, quibusque artibus abs
tuleris ora crimita draconibus.
Cujus in introitu gemiuas habitâsse sorores
Agenorides narrat ; locum esse
Phorcydas, unius partitas luminis usum ; jacentem sub gelido Atlante,
Id se solerti furtim, dùm traditur, astu, tutum munimine solidæ molis :
Suppositâ cepisse manu ; perque abdita longè, 115 in introitu cujus, geminas so
rores Phorcydas habitâsse,
Deviaque, et sylvis horrentia saxa fragosis, partitas usum unius luminis ;
Gorgoneas tetigisse domos ; passimque peragros, se cepisse id suppositâ manu,
Perque vias, vidisse hominum simulacra ferarum- dùm traditur furtim solerti
In silicem, ex ipsis, visâ conversa Medusâ. [ que, astu ; que tetigisse Gorgoneas
domos per loca abdita longè,
Se tamen horrendæ, clypei, quod læva gerebat deviaque, et saxa horrentia
Ærerepercusso, formam aspexisse Medusa: 121 fragosis sylvis ; que vidisse
passim per agros, perque vi
as, simulacra hominum ferarumque conversa in silicem ex ipsis, Medusâ visâ. Tamen
st aspexisse formam horrenda Medusæ, ære clypei repercusso quod gerebat læva :

NOTES.

riage. The Tæde were torches commonly
made of the pine-tree, in number five, which
were carried before new-married brides when
they went home to their husbands, which is
put by a metonymy for the ceremony of mar
riage. Hymenæus.] A God who was always
invoked in the celebrating of marriages.
97. Largis odoribus.] With great plenty
of frankincense, and other perfumes.
98. Sertaque.] Crowns so called of seren
dis floribus, of wreathing flowers.
Loti. ] By Meton, the musical instrument
made of the Lote tree.
100 Argumenta.] Signs, tokens.
Aurea atria ] The halls adorned with gold.
Valvis reseratis.] The doors being open.
102 Proceres Cepheni.] The nobles and
princes of Cepheus.
Ineunt.] Go to the festival, banquet.
103. Generosi Bacchi.] Of the best wine.
104. Diffudêre.] Opened, cheered.
Cultusque habitusque.] The customs and
Danners ofthe people and the place.
105 Quærit.] He inquires.
Abantiades.] Perseus, the grandson of
Abas.
106. Lyncides.] Either the son of Lyn
ceus, or a proper name.- Mores.] The rites.
108. Fare.] The imperative of faris vel
fare, fatur, &c.
109. Abstuleris.] You cut off.
Crinita.] The head of Medusa, having
serpents instead of hairs.
111. Solidæ molis. ] Of a solid wall and
circuit, or of the mountain. 1
113. Phorcydas ] The accusative of Phor
cydes, um, the daughters of Phorcus.
Luminis unius. ] Of one eye.
114. Solerti.] He relates how he stole that
one eye, while it was given alternately from
one tothe other.Dùm traditur. ] as one
sister was conveying it to the other.
116. Fragosis. ] Rough, craggy.
119. Ipsis.] From men and beasts.
120. Tamen horrendæ. ] Perseus answers
an objection ; for any one might say, By
what means did Perseus himself avoid being
turned into a stone by Medusa's head? Be
cause, says he, I beheld her asleep by the
reflection of my shield, and cut off herhead.
121. Ere. ] Depends on aspexisse, for he
saw the image or reflection of her head in
172 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IV.

Dùmque gravis somnus tene- Dumque gravis somnus, 'colubrasque, ipsanique, 2

bat colubrasque ipsamque, tenebat,
eripuisse caput collo : que ad
didit Pegason fingacem pen- Eripuisse caput collo : pennisque fugacem
nis, et fratrem, natos de san- Pegason, et fratrem, matris de sanguine natos
guine matris, Et addidit non Addidit, et longi non falsa pericula cursus
; 125 C
falsa pericula longi cursus ;
quæ freta, quas terras vidisser Quæ freta, quas terras sub se vidisset ab alto,
sub se ab alto, et quæ sidera Et quæ jactatis tetigisset sidera pennis.
tetigissetjactatis pennis. Ta- Antè expectatum tacuit : tamen excipit unus }
cuit antè expectatum : tamen Exnumero procerui, quærens cursolasororum
unus è numero procerum ex
cipit, quærens cur sola soro Gesserit alternis immistas 1 bs. 330
rum gesserit angues immistos Hospes ait, Quoniam scha " Id. In
alternis crinibus . Hospes ait, Accipe quæsiti causam . Clarissima iorma,
Quoniam scitaris digna rela- Multorumque fuit spes invidiosa procorum &1
tu ; accipe causam quæsiti.
Illa fuit clarissima forma, que Illa ; nec in totâ conspectior ulla capillis
invidiosa spes multorum pro- Pars fuit. Inveni, qui se vidisse referrent. 135
corum ; nec ulla pars in totâ Hanc pelagi rector templo vitiâsse Minervæ
fuit conspectior capillis . In
veni, qui referrent se vidisse. Dicitur. Aversa est, et castos Ægide vultus
Rector pelagi dicitur vitiasse Nata Jovis texit. Nevè hoc impunè fuisset,
hanc templo Minervæ. Nata Gorgoneum crinem turpes mutavit in Hydros.
Jovis est aversa, et texit cas
tos vultus Ægide. Nevè hoc Nunc quoque, ut attonitos formidine terreat hos
fuisset impunè, mutavit Gor tes, 140
goneum crinem in turpes Hy- Pectore in adverso, quos fecit, sustinet angues.
dros. Nunc quoque sustinet
angues quos fecit in adverso pectore, ut terreat attonitos hostes formidine.

NOTES.

his brasen shield ; had he looked upon the 133. Invidiosa spes ] Invidious, i. e. cre
head itself, he had suffered the fate of other ating envy or jealousy among her suitors.
spectators -Repercusso.] Reflected. Procorum multorum. ] Of many lovers
125. Eripuisse . ] Cut off. who courted her.
124. Pegason et fratrem. ] Pegasus, the 134. Illa Medusa.
winged horse, and Chrysaor, holding a gold- · Conspectior.] More beautiful.
en sword in his hand, are feigned to have . 135. Inveni, &c. ] I have heard this of
sprung from the blood that issued from those who said they had seen Medusa before
Medusa's head : therefore the poet calls she was debauched by Neptune.
Chrysaor, the brother of Pegasus. 136. Hanc. ] Medusa.
Matris. ] The mother of Pegasus and Rector pelagi.] Neptune.
Chrysaor, Medusa. 137. Aversa ] Turned away, that she might
125. Non falsa. ] Not invented, but real not see the profanation of her temple.
dangers -Longi cursûs.] Of his long flight. Ægide ] Ægis is the shield of Pallas, of
126. Alto.] From on high. which I have already spoken.
127. Jactatis pennis.] By the tossing of 138. Nata Jovis.] Minerva, the goddess
his wings. of wisdom, born, without a mother, of the
128. Antè, &c. ] He made an end of his brain of Jupiter.
discourse before it was expected . 139. Gorgoneum crinem.] The hairs of
129. Cur, &c.] Why Medusa was the only Medusa.
one of the Gorgons that wore serpents mixt Turpes Hydros.] Into filthy snakes. Wa
with the hair.
ter- serpents are called Hydri, of dwg,
131. Digna.] Things worthy to be related. water. +
132. Accipe quæsiti causam. ] Hear what 140. Nunc ] Pallas, to terrify her ene
you wantto know.Quæsiti.] Of the thing mies, removed the head of Medusa, with her
sought and inquired after. serpents, into her shield,
FAB. XVIII. METAMORPHOSEON. 173

EXP. FAB. XVI. XVII. & XVIII. For the better understanding the story
of Perseus, which makes so considerable a figure in fabulous history, it
will be necessary to go somewhat further back than Ovid has done, to
show his lineage, and how he came to be the son of Jupiter and Danaë,
the daughter of Acrisius, king of Argos. The Oracle having declared to
the king that he would be killed by his grandson, he therefore confined
his daughter Danaë in a brazen tower ; but Jupiter, who was enamoured
of her, for his easier admittance into the tower, descended in a shower of
gold. Prætus, the king's brother, who was also in love with her, cor
rupted her keepers by a distribution of some of the golden shower ; the
consequence was, that Danae was delivered of a son, which coming to her
father's knowledge, he ordered both her and her son to be committed to
the mercy of the sea in a basket, and they were cast on the coast of Seri
phus, where Polydectes reigned . This Prince gave them a generous re
ception, and educated Perseus ; but in some time, being smitten with the
charms of Danaë, he encouraged him to seek adventures, and advised him
to make war against the Gorgons, whose names were Stheno, Euryale, and
Medusa, daughters of Phorcus and Ceto, and who were said to have bot
one eye amongst them. Perseus, in his engagement with the Gorgons, cut
off Medusa's head, and from the blood that flowed, sprung up the hero
Chrysaor, and the winged horse Pegasus. The head of Medusa was fabled
to have snakes entwined in the hair, and her face the power of changing
the spectator into stone. Some have supposed these females possessed
three islands in the Atlantic, and had in their treasury a golden statue of
Minerva, all which were placed under the management of a single person,
which occasioned it to be said, they had but one eye. At this time, one Per
seus, a fugitive of Argos, plundered the coasts, and having heard of this
treasure, was resolved to possess it ; for which purpose he surprised their
minister, which gave the poet an opportunity of saying, he had taken their
eye. Perseus acquaints them he would exchange him for the Gorgon (the
golden statue ; ) this was objected to by Medusa, whose head he cut off:
on getting possession of the Gorgon he broke it, and placed the head at
the prow of his ship. The fame of this exploit kept the neighbouring
Princes in such awe of him, that it was said Medusa's head turned his ene
mies into stones. This report was countenanced by Perseus, as it contri
buted not a little to the terror of his arms ; for, landing on the island of
Seriphus, Polydectes with his people immediately fled ; so that finding not
any thing remaining but the stones, it was said he had petrified the king
and his subjects .
The accounts left us by the ancients respecting the Gorgons, are so con
tradictory, that little can be offered respecting them. But in order to ex
plain the most considerable circumstances of the fable, we must suppose
Pegasus, said to be produced from the blood of Medusa, as well as Chrys
aor, to be two ships that were found where Medusa resided, which Per
seus carried off after he had killed that princess, and whose prows were
ornamented with the figure of winged horses, which gave rise to the fable,
and occasioned it to be said, that Mercury gave him wings, and a sword
bent like a reap-hook ; Minerva lending him her shield , and Pluto his hel
met ; whereby were figured the rapidity of his conquest, the sure measures
taken, and the profound secrecy he had observed. By what the poets say
of coral being produced from the blood of Medusa, we are to understand,
that by the defeat of the Gorgons, the African coast became more fre
quented by the people employed in searching for that plant.
It is generally believed the Cape Verd Islands were anciently called the
174 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IV.

Gorgons, from whence Perseus passed into Mauritania, where the famous
Atlas reigned ; but that prince, being warned with respect to a son of Ju
piter, denied Perseus the rights of hospitality, on which he presented the
head of Medusa, and turned him into stone ; or more probably, killed him
in that mountain which has ever since been called by his name. It is said
that he carried off the Golden Apples that grew in the garden of the Hes
perides, of which a Dragon had the care ; that is, he plundered the Prince
of Mauritania. It is very probable these apples were the mines discovered
by Atlas, that were guarded by men and dogs ; or sheep, which were so
remarkably fine in this country, that they were called the Golden Sheep
or else Oranges and Lemons (so famed in the poets ) gathered in the gar
den of Tingitana, where they abound.
Perseus is said to have passed from Mauritania to Ethiopia, where he
released Andromeda from the fury of a sea-monster ; for Cassiope, on pre
suming to suppose her daughter more beautiful than the Nereides, was
ordered by the oracle of Ammon to expose her on a rock, to the fury of a
monster, which was to be sent by Neptune, as we learn from Ovid and
others. The foundation of this fable is as follows : Andromeda, who was
contracted to her uncle Phineus, was demanded in marriage by a very
proud and brutish prince who infested their coasts ; and this coming to the
knowledge of Perseus, he engages and kills the pirate, so the damsel be
came his prize. In some paintings, the prince is represented as engaged
with a monster in single combat.
From this fable we learn how early Gold became the chief instrument of
corruption, and how forcibly it acted, even to make its way through gates
of brass ! No wonder then, it so frequently reaches the recesses of the
heart of man, fatal to Virtue, fatal to Freedom ! In the Senate of Rome,
all the insults and glaring guilt of Jugurtha were of no force against the
power of his money. The Senate not only openly defended, but extolled
this Son of Blood ! they were overtaken, however, in due time, by the
vengeance of an oppressed people, whom they deemed of no further con
sequence in the Commonwealth, than as they paid enormous taxes to sup
port their profligacy ; and in the end, they were all involved in general
ruin. Thus fell Rome and her liberties by the power of gold, which no
less fatally threatens some modern States, by the unhappy influence of its
corrupting power.
 ( 175 )

P. OVIDII NASONIS

METAMORPHOSEON,

LIBER V.

FAB. I. PERSEUS ANDROMEDAM DUCIT UXOREM, NUPTIARUMQUE CON

JUGALIUM EPULAS PUGNA CONFUNDIT PHINeus .

THE ARGUMENT,

As Perseus continues the relation of Medusa's adventures, Phineus, to

whom Andromeda had been promised in marriage, rushes with a crowd
of friends into the palace, and furiously attacks his rival : the combat is
obstinate and bloody on both sides, and in it Perseus gives distinguished
proofs of his valour .
DUMQUE ea Cephenûm medio Danaëius Dùmque Danaëius heros
heros commemorat ea medio agmi
ne Cephenûm, regalia atria
Agmine commemorat ; fremidâ regalia turbâ complentur fremida turbâ
Atria complentur : nec, conjugalia festa nec clamor est qui canat con
Qui canat, est clamor : sed qui fera nunciet arma. jugalia festa ; sed qui nunciet
fera arma. Que possis assi
Inque repentinos convivia versa tumultus 5 milare convivia versa in re
Assimilare freto possis ; quod sæva quietum pentinos tumultus freto ; quod
Ventorum rabies motis exasperat undis. quietum, sæva rabies vento
Primus in his Phineus , belli temerarius auctor, In rum exasperat undis motis.
his primus Phineus, teme
Fraxineam quations æratæ cuspidis hastam ; rarius auctor belli, quatiens
En , ait, en adsum præreptæ conjugis ultor. 10 fraxineam hastam æratæ cus
Nec mihi te pennæ, nec falsum versus in aurum pidis. En, ait, en adsum,
ultor præreptæ conjugis. Nec
Jupiter, eripient. Conanti mittere Cepheus, pennæ, nec Jupiter versusi
falsum aurum eripient te mihi. Cepheus exclamat conanti mittere.
NOTES.
1. Cephenum.] The poet here describes and imagine this banquet to be likethe se •
the tumult which Phineus (the brother of &c. This is a similitude made use of by
Cepheus, to whom Andromeda had been Homer and other poets.
promised in marriage before she was expos 7. Exasperat.] Makes it rough and tu
ed to the monster,) had unjustly raised ; multuous.
and afterwards the turning Phineus and his 8. Auctor.] The stirrer up.
companions into stones. 10. Conjugis.] Andromeda had not been
Danaëius:] Perseus, the son of Danaë. actually married to Phineus ; for conjux
2. Agmine.] In the midst of the com signifies one who was even promised in mar
pany. riage.
3. Nec conjugalia.] Not such as proclaim 11. Nec pennæ.] Neither your wings.
éd a nuptial feast. For a clamour was not Falsum.] Counterfeit or deceitful.
agreeable to a wedding, but to war and con Falsum versus, &c.] Because Jupiter had
fusion. Others read connubialia. found access to Danaë in this disguise.
4. Arma.] War. A metonymy of the 12. Conanti.] To Phineus, being just
adjunct. ready tothrow a javelin at Perseus.
6. Assimilare, &c.] You may compare Cepheus.] The father of Andromeda,
 176 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. V.

Quid facis? Germane, que Quid facis ? exclamat. Quæ te, germane, fu
mens agit te furentem in fa rentem
cinus ? Hæc gratia redditur [tis
ne tantis meritis ? Rependis Mens agit in facinus ? Meritisne hæc gratia tan
vitam servatam hâc dote ? Redditur ? Hâe vitam servatam dote rependis ? 15
Quam non Perseus ademitti- Quam tibi non Perseus, verum si quæris , ademit,
bi, si quæris verum Nereïdum Numen , sed corniger Am
ve Numen Nereïdum, sed Sed grave
, sed gra-
corniger Ammon, sed bellua mon, "
ponti quæ veniebat exsatu- Sed quæ visceribus veniebat bellua a ponti
randa meis visceribus . Rapta Exsaturanda meis.
est tibi illo tempore, quo fu Illo tibi tempore rapta est,
it peritura. Nisi si crudelis Quo peritura fuit. Nisi si crudelis id ipsum 20
exigis id ipsum, ut pereat, et Exigis, ut pereat, luctûque levabere noştro. [ est,
levabere nostro luctu. Scili- Scilicet haud satis est, quòd te spectante revincta
cet haùd satîs est, qu`d revincta Et nullam quòd opem patruus, sponsusve, tulisti ;
truus spectantetulisti
est te sponsusve et quòd pa- Insuper à quoquam quòd sit servata dolebis ;
nullam
opem ; insuper dolebis quòd Præmiaque eripies ? Quæ, si tibi magna viden
sit servata à quoquam ? que tur, 25
eripies præmia ? Quæ si vi- Ex illis scopulis, ubi erant affixa, petîsses.
dentur magna tibi, petîsses
ex illis scopulis, ubi erant Nunc sine, qui petiit, per quem hæc non orba
affixa. Nunc sine, qui peti senectus, [que
it, et per quem senectus non Ferre, quod et meritis, et voce est pactus ; eum
est orba, ferre quod pactus Non tibi, sed certæ prælatum intellige morti.
est et meritis et voce ; que in
tellige eum non prælatum ti- Illé nihil contrâ: sed et hunc, et Persea vultu 30
bi sed certæ morti. Ille nihil Alterno spectans ; petat hunc ignorat, an illum
;
contrà : sed spectans et hunc Cunctatusque brevi contortam viribus hastam,
et Persea, alterno vultu : ig
norat petatne hunc an illum : Quantas ira dabat, nequicquam in Persea misit,
cunctatusqne brevi, misit has
tam contortam viribus quantas ira dabat in Persea nequicquam.
a ponte . b Hunc.

NOTES.

14. Facinus.] Wickedness. 21. Levabere, &c.] Be eased by my sor

15. Vitam servatam.] sc. Andromeda.
Hâc dote.] With this dowry, viz. to kill
him who saved Andromeda from the sea
monster.- Rependis ] Rewardest thou.
7 Nereïdum Numen. ] The incensed De
ity of the Nereids, who sent the monster.
Sed.] An anaphora.
Corniger.] Jupiter Hammon was wor
shipped under the form of a horned ram,
in the desarts of Libya, where Bacchus, re
turning with his army out of India, built
him a very magnificent temple ; for being in
distress for want of water, and petitioning
Jupiter, he followed a ram that he met, and
came to a fountain, with which his whole
army was refreshed ; he therefore, supposing
that ram to be Jupiter, and calling him Ham
mon or Ammon from the sands, would
have him worshipped under the form of a
ram.
Ammon.] Who gave the answer, that
Andromeda must suffer.
18. Visceribus meis. ] My bowels. i. c. my
daughter.
20. Crudelis.] Unless you are so cruel as
to wish my daughter's destruction.
row.
23. Præmiaque, &c.] Will you take from
him his reward, Andromeda ?
26. Affixa.] Bound. He intimates that
the kingdom was bound to the rock with
Andromeda.
Petîsses.] Thou oughtest to have fetched
it.
27. Sine.] Now permit him, who hath
deserved her, to possess her.
Per quem ] By whom I, an old man, am
not childless. Andromeda was not his only
daughter.- Senectus.] This old age of
mine.
28. Pactus est voce.] Stipulated for by
word.
29. Morti. ] For without doubt Andro
meda had been dead, unless she had been
delivered by Perseus from the sea-monster.
32. Ille.] Phineus.- -Nihil.] sc. Res
pondit, i . e. answered- Hunc. ] Cepheus,
31. Ignorat.] He is in doubt.
Illum.] Perseus.
32. Cunctatusque brevi.] Having paused
a little.
53. Nequicquam. ] In vain,
 +
FAB. 1. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 177

Ut stetit illa toro ; stratis tùm denique Perseus Ut illa stetit toro ; tim deni
Exiluit, teloque ferox inimica remisso 35 que Perseus exiluit stratis,
que ferox rupisset inimica
Pectora rupisset ! nisi post altaria Phineus pectoratelo remisso ; nisi Phi
Isset : et (indignum ) scelerato profuit ara. neus isset post altaria : et (in
Fronte tamen Rhoti non irrita cuspis adhæsit : to. dignum) ara profuit scelera
Tamen cuspis adhæsit
Qui postquam cecidit, ferrumque ex osse revul- non irrita fronte Rhæti : qui
sum est, 39 postquàm cecidit, et ferrum
Palpitat, et positas aspergit sanguine mensas. revulsum est ex osse, palpitat
Tum vero indomitas ardescit vulgus in iras, et aspergit positas mensas
sanguine. Tum vero vulgus
Telaque conjiciunt ; et sunt, qui Cephea dicant, ardescit in indomitas iras,
Cum genero, debere mori : sed limine tecti que conjiciunt tela ; et sunt,
Exierat Cepheus, testatus jusque, fidemque, qui dicant Cephea debere
Hospitiique Deos, ea, se prohibente, moveri.45 mori cum genero : sed Cephe
us exierat limine tecti, testa
Bellica Pallas adest ; et protegit gide fratrem, tus jusque, fidemque, que
Datque animos. Erat Indus Atys, quem, flu Deos hospitii, ea moveri, se
mine Gange prohibente. Bellica Pallas a
dest ; et protegit fratrem æ
Edita, Limniace vitreis peperisse sub & antris gide ; datque animos. Erat
Creditur ; egregius formâ, quam divite cultu Atys Indus, quem Limniace,
Augebat, bis adhuc octonis integer annis : 50 edita flumine Gange, creditur
Indutus chlamydem Tyriam, quam limbus obibat peperisse sub vitreis antris ;
egregius formâ, quam auge
Aureus ornabant aurata monilia collum, bat divite cultu, integer ad,
Et, madidos myrrhâ, curvum crinale, capillos. hùc bis octonis annis ; indutus
Tyriam chlamydem, quam
aureus limbus obibat : aurata monilia ornabant collum ; et curvum crinale capillos madidos
myrrhâ.
.a undis.

NOTES.
34. Stetit.] Stood fixed.
Toro.] Ovid speaks of this, as he would
of a Roman entertainment, where they did
not sit upon chairs as we do, but lay on
couches.
Stratis.] From his couch.
35. Remisso.] Thrown back. For Per
seus threw back the same spear at Phineus.
38. Adhæsit fronte.] It stuck in his fore
head.
Irrita.] Not in vain because it slew
Rhœtus, one of Phimeus's companions.
40. Palpitat. ] His body heaves and throbs.
41. Vulgus.] The multitude.
45. Hospitiique Deos. ] Jupiter, in an
especial manner the avenger of the breach
of hospitality. It was a custom of the an
cients to set salt before strangers, which,
when the host and guest had both tasted,
signified that they ought to be of one mind,
and mutually friendly, as salt is congealed
into one nature from earth and water.
Ea se prohibente.] That this disturbance
was made against his will.
46. Adest.] Comes to the assistance. For
Perseus could not be able to resist so many
without the assistance of Pallas.
Protegit. ] And defended Perseus, her bro
A a
ther, from the enemies' darts, with her
shield. For Perseus was the son of Jupiter, ;
and so the brother of Pallas.
47. Datque animos.] And added courage.
Indus Atys.] To distinguish him from A
tys of Phrygia, who was beloved by Cybele,
the mother of the gods. There was another
Atys, the son of Croesus, king of Lydia.
48. Limniace.] This nymph was the
daughter of Ganges, a river of India : it
seems to have been a marsh nigh Ganges :
for a signifies a lake.
Vitreis antris. ] The glassy caverns of the
river Ganges, her father.
49. Divite cultu.] With costly apparel.
51. Indutus, &c.] These next three lines
described the delicacy and effeminacy of thę
Eastern nations in those days.
Tyriam Chlamydem.] A purple robe :
for Tyre, a city of Phoenicia, was very fa
mous for purple. Chlamys is properly a I
soldier's garment - Obibat.] Did encom
pass.
52. Aurata monilia. ] Golden necklaces.
53. Myrrhâ.] With ointment in which
there was myrrh.- Crinale.] An hair pi
 178 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. V.

Ille quidem quamvis erat dee- Ille quidem jaculo quamvis distantia misso C
tus figere distantia jaculo
misso ; sed doctior tendere Figere doctus erat ; sed tendere doctior arcus.55 C
arcus. Tum Perseus percu Tùm quoque lenta manu flectentem cornua Perseus
lit flectentem lenta cornua Stipite, qui medià positus fumabat in arâ,
manu, stipite, qui positus in Perculit ; et fractis confudit in ossibus ora.
media arâ fumabat ; et con- Hunc ubi, laudatos jactantem in sanguine vultus,
fudit ora in ossibus fractis. Fo
Ubi Assyrius Lycabas vidit Assyrius vidit Lycabas ; junctissimus illi 60.
hunc jactantem laudatos vul- Et comes, et veri non dissimulator amoris ;
tus in sanguine : et comes Postquàm exhalantem , sub acerbo vulnére, vitam
junctissimus illi, et non dis- Deploravit Atyn ; quos ille tetenderat arcus
simulator veri amoris ; post
quàm deploravit Atyn exha- Arripit : et Mecum tibi sint certamina, dixit ;
C
lantem vitam sub acerbo vul- Nec longum pueri fato lætabere ; quo plus 65
nere : arripit
at : etarcus Invidiæ,t quàm
ille Dixera
quos Sint laudis, habes. Hæc omnia nondùm
tetender dixit. ; emicuit nervo penetrabile telum ;
certamina tibi mecum : nec
lætabere longum fato pueri ; Vitatumque tamen sinuosâ veste pependit.
quo habes plus invidiæ quâm Vertit in hunc harpen spectatam cæde Medusæ
laudis. Nondùm dixerat om- Acrisioniades , adigitque in pectus. At ille 70
nia hæc penetrabile telum Jam moriens, oculis sub nocte natantibus atrâ.
emicuit nervo : vitatumque,
tanien pependit sinuosâ veste. Circumspexit Atyn, seque acclinavit ad illum :
Acrisioniades vertit in hunc Et tulit ad manes junctæ solatia mortis.
harpen spectatam cæle Me- Eccè Syenites genitus Methione Phorbas,
dusæ, adigitque in pectus.
At ille jam moriens circum. Et Libys Amphimedon, avidi committere pugnam,
spexit Atyn oculis natantibus
sub atrâ nocte, que acclinavit se in illum : et tulit ad manes solatia junctæ mortis. Ecce
Phorbas Syenites, genitus Methione, et Libys Amphimedon, avidi committere pugnam, 01
.. 17 ..

NOTES.

54. Quamvis distantia.] Objects though 64. Arripit.] Catches hastily.

distant.
55. Doctus.] Expert - Doctior.] More
expert at bending. A Greekform of speech.
56. Lenta cornua.] The tough bow : for
the bow, either from the likeness, or that it
was tipped with horn, is often called cornu.
So also in Anacreon xɛрas, a horn, is put
for a bow, by Synecdochę.
57. ra.] Which wasbuilt for Hymen, the
god of nuptials.
" Et (indignum ! ) scelerato profuit ara."
58. Perculit. ] scil. Atyn, from percello,
He smote.Confudit.] An Hypallage, as
much as to say, Confudit ossa fracta in ore.
59. Laudatos.] The face so praised, so
lovely : laudatos refers to the description
given of Atys, v. 49, &c. Other copies read
foedatos, besmeared. ( 70. Acrisioniades.] Perseus, the grand
Jactantem. ] Shaking, as persons dying of
wounds are wont to do.
60. Assyrius.] Syrian : for Assyria is the.
same province as Syria...
61. Non dissimulator. ] Not an hider, but
a shower. 4 74. Syenites.] Syenites, of the city Syene
2. Exhalantem vitam. Breathing out
life. Acerbo vulnere. ] Undera cruel wound.
63. Deploravit.] He lamented.
Ille.] • tys.- Tetenderat. ] Had strung.
Mecum, &c . Come and try the contest
with me. Dixit.] He said to Perseus.
65. Nec longum. ] scil. tempus, not a long P
time.- Fato.] The death. b
Quo.] By which conquest.
66. Invidia.] Often signifies odium, as
here : because Hatred is the companion of
Envy.
67 Emicuit .] Sprung from -Penetra
bile.] Is taken actively, here, piercing.
68. Vitatumque.] Though avoided : for
Perseus avoided the arrow that Lycabas shot.
蕾 Sinuosâ. Having many folds and plaits.
69. Hunc.] Lycabas.
Harpen.] Mercury's crooked sword with
which Perseus cut off Medusa's head. }
Spectatam.] Proved..
son of Acrisius.Adigi tque ] And thrusts
it into. 3
71. Natantibus.] Swimming in death.
So in Horses, night is often put for death.
73. Ad inanes.] To the ghosts below.
in Egypt, under the tropic of Cancer.
75. Libys. of Libya.
Avidi, &c.] Fond of fighting
FAB. 1. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 179

Sanguine, quo tellus latè madefacta tepebat, 76 quo sanguine tellus made
Conciderant lapsi : surgentibus obstitit ensis, facta latè tepebat, lapsi con
ciderant : ensis obstitit sur
Alterius costis, jugulo Phorbantis adactus. gentibus, adactus coctis alte
At non Actoriden Erithon, cui lata bipennis rius, jugulo Phorbantis. At
Telum erat, a admoto Perseus petit ense : sed altis Perseus non petit Erithon
Extantem signis, multæque in pondere massa, lata Actoriden ense admoto, cui
bipennis erat telum ; sed
Ingentem manibus tollit cratera duabus ; 82 tollit ingentem cratera, ex
Infligitque viro. Rutilum vomit ille cruorem: tantem altis signis, que in
Et resupinus humum moribundo vertice pulsat. pondere multæ massæ, dua
Indè Semiramio Polydæmona sanguine cretum , bus Ille manibus ; infligitque
vomit rutilum viro.
cruorem :
Caucasiumque Abarim, Sperchionidenque Ly- et resupinus pulsat humum
cetum , [tumque 87 moribundo vertice. Indè ster
Intonsumque comas Helicen, Phlegyanque, Cly- nit Polydæmona cretum Se
miramio sanguine, Caucasi
Sternit ; et extractos morientum calcat acervos . umque Abarim, Sperchioni
Nec, Phineus, ausus concurrere cominùs hosti denque Lycetum, que Heli
Intorquet jaculum : quod detulit error in Idan, 90 cen intonsum comas, Phlegy
Expertem frustrà belli, et neutra arma secutum , anque Clytumque, et calcat
extructos acervos morientum :
Ille tuens oculis immitem Phinea torvis, Phineus nec, ausus concur
Quandoquidem in partes, ait, abstrahor, ac- rere cominùs hosti, intorquet
cipe, Phineu, [nus. jaculum quod error detulit
in Idan, frustrà expertem bel
Quem fecisti hostem ; pensaque hoc vulnere vul- li, et secutum neutra arina.
Jamque remissurus tractum de corpore telum, 95 Ille tuens immitem Phinea
Sanguine defectos, cecidit collapsus in artus. torvis oculis, ait, Quando
Hic quoque, Cephenûm post regem primus, quidem abstrahor in partes,
accipe, Phineu, hostém quem
Odites fecisti ; pensaque hoc vulnus
EnsejacetClymeni : Protenora perculitHypseus, vulnere. Jamque remissurus
Hypsea Lyncides. Fuit et grandævus in illis telum tractum de corpore,
Emathion, æqui cultor, timidusque Deorum : 100 cecidit collapsus in artus de
fectos sanguine. Hic quoque
Quem quoniam prohibent anni bellare, loquendo Odites jacet ense Clymeni,
Pugnat ; et incessit, scelerataque devovet arma. primus post regem Cephe
Huic Chromis, amplexo tremulis altaria palmis, nûm : Hypseus perculit Pro
Lyncides Hypsea.
Demetit ense caput ; quod protinus incidit aræ : tenora,
Et grandevus Emathion fuit
in illis, cultor æqui, timidusque Deorum : quem quoniam anni prohibent bellare, pugnat
loquendo ; et incessit, que devovet scelerata arma. Chromis demetit ense caput huic am
plexo altaria tremulis palmis : quod protinùs incidit aræ ;
a hamato. b attrahor.

NOTES.
77. Ensis.] The sword of Perseus.
78. Alterius.] Of Amphimedon.
Adactus.] Struck into.
79. Actoriden.] The son of Actor.
81. Extantem.] Raised, embossed.
83. Infligitque.] Hurls it.
Rutilum.] Crimson.
84. Moribundo vertice.] With his dying
head.
85. Semiramio .] Of Semiramis, who built
Babylon.
86. Caucasiumque.] From Caucasus, a
mountain of Asia.- Sperchionidenque ] The
son of Spercheus.
91. Frustrà.] In vain ; for he was slain.
93. In partes, &c.] Since I am forced to
join with one side, it shall be against you.
94. Pensaque.] Make amends for ; q. d.
instead of that take this.
Vulnere. ] By the wound which I am
going to give you.-Vulnus.] The wound
which you have given me.
96. Cecidit .] Perseus.
97. Primus post regem.] Second in dig
nity.
99. Lyncides.] The son of Lynceus.
100. Timidusque Deorum. ] Religious,
102. Incessit.] He railed.
Scelerata.] Wickedly taken up against
Perseus.-Devovet.] Curses.
104. Demetit ense caput.] Beheaded him.
Incidit aræ.] It fell upon the altar.
180 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. V.

Atque ibi edidit execrantia Atque ibi semianimi verba execrantia linguâ 105
verba semianimi linguâ, et Edidit, et medios animam exspiravit in ignes.
exspiravit animam in medios
ignes. Hinc gemini fratres, Hinc gemini fratres, Broteasque et cæstibusAm
Broteasque et Ammoni invicti Invicti, (vinci si possent cæstibus enses) [mon
cæstibus (si enses possent vin- Phineâ cecidêre manu : Cererisque sacerdos
ci cæstibus) cecidere Phineâ
manu ; que Amphycus sacer- Amphycus, albenti velatus tempora vittâ. 110
dos Cereris, velatus tempo- Tu quoque, Japetide, non hos adhibendus ad
ra âlbenti vittâ. Tu quoque usus ;
Japetide, non adhibendus ad Sed qui pacis opus, citharam cum voce moveres ;
hos usus ; sed qui moveres
citharam opus pacis cum Jussus eras celebrare dapes, festumque canendo.
voce ; jussus eras celebrare Cui procùl astanti, plectrumque imbelle tenenti,
dapes, festumque canendo. Pettalus, I, ridens, Stygiis cane cætera, dixit,
Cui astanti procùl, que ten
enti imbelle plectrum, Pet. Manibus : et lævo mucronem tempore figit. 116
talus ridens dixit, I cane cæ- Concidit, et digitis morientibus ille retentat
tera Stygiis manibus : et figit Fila lyræ : casûque canit miserabile carmen .
mucronem lævo tempore. Non sinit hunc impunè ferox cecidisse Lycormas ;
Concidit, et ille retentat fila
lyræ morientibus digitis : que Raptaque de dextro robusta repagula posti 120
canit miserabile carmen casû. Ossibus illidit mediæ cervicis. At ille
Ferox Lycormas non sinit Procubuit terræ, mactati more juvenci.
hunc cecidisse impunè : que Demere tentabat lævi quoque robora postis
robusta repagula rapta de
dextro posti illidit ossibus Cinypheus Pelates : tentanti dextera fixa est 124
mediæ cervicis. At ille pro- Cuspide Marmarida Corithi; lignoque cohæsit.
cubuit terræ, more mactati Hærenti latus hausit Abas : nec corruit ille,
juvenci. Quoque Cinypheus
Pelates tentabat demere robora lævi postis : dextera tentanti fixa est cuspide Marmarida
Corithi ; que cohæsit ligno. Abas hausit latus hærenti : nec ille corruit,

NOTES.

105. Semianimi.] Half dead.
Execrantia. Cursing.
306. Ignes.] Fires kindled upon the altar.
107. Cæstibus. ] The Castus was a sort of
leathern guard for the hands, composed of
thongs, in which were enclosed either fron
or lead to add force to the blow. It is a
nour of the fourth declension ; for cestus of
the second, and, without a diphthong, of the
feminine gender, is taken for a virgin's
girdle, which the husband looses the first
night. The first of
Eneid IV. C these Virgil describes,
108. Invicti.] Invincible.
110. Velatus. ] Having his temples cover
ed with a stripe of linen, with which the
foreheads of the priests and burnt sacrifices
were bound.
111. Japetide.] O son of Japetus. An a
postrophe.-Hos usus. ] Warlike uses ; for
pipers and harpers are strangers to fighting.
112. Moveres citharam .] Tunedst the
harp.
113. Jussus eras.] Thou hadst been com
manded.
114. Plectrumque.] An instrument with
which an harp is struck , απο του πληττείν,
to strike.
Imbelle.] Fit for weak and tender persons.
115. Stygiis. ] To the ghosts. Styx is a
river in hell, and Manes the ghosts of the
deceased. A sarcasm.
116. Lævo.] On the left part ofthe head.
117. Retentat.] Catches.
118. Fila. ] The strings, before the inven
tion of which they used threads.
Casûque.] In this fall, the " casu canit
miserabile carmen," was designed by Ovid
from the xxxoowvia, to figure the tune he
played as he fell.
120. Robusta.] Oaken, of oak, from robur.
121. Illidit.] He struck it against.
122. Procubuit. ] Fell upon his face on
the ground. "
Terræ.] The genitive, like a proper name
of a city; thus also, humi, domi, &c. .
123. Lævi postis. ] Of the left door.
124. Cinypheus. ] A river of the Gara
mantes, which runs into the Libyan sea,
between two quicksands.
126. Hausit ] Pierced,
FAB. 1. METAMORPHOSEON . 181

Sed retinente manum moriens è poste pependit. Sed moriens pependit è poste
retinente manum. Et Mela
Sternitur et Melaneus Perseïa castra secutus,
neus secutus Perseïa castra
Et Nasamoniaci Dorilas ditissimus agri ; sternitur, et Dorilas ditissi→
Dives agri Dorilas ; quo non possederat alter mus Nasamoniaci agri ; Do
Latiùs, aut totidem tollebat.farris acervos. 131 rilas dives agri : quo alter non
Hujus in obliquo missum stetit inguine ferrum : possederat latiùs, aut tollebat
totidem acervos farris. Fer
Lethifer ille locus. Quem postquàm vulneris rum missum stetit in obliquo
auctor (dit inguine hujus : ille lethifer
Singultantem animam, et versantem lumina vi- locus. Quem postquàm Bac
Halcyoneus, auctor vul
Bactrius Halcyoneus, Hoc quod premis, inquit, trius
neris, vidit singultantem ani
habeto 135 mam, et versantem lumina,
De tot agris terræ : corpusque exsangue reliquit. inquit, Habeto hoc quod pre
Torquet inhunc hastamcalido de vulnere raptam mis detot agris terræ : que re
liquit corpus exsangue . A
Ultor Abantiades : medià quæ nare recepta bantiades ultor torquet has
Cervice exacta est, in partesque eminet ambas. tam raptam de calido vulnere
Dùmque manum Fortuna juvat ; Clytiumque, in hunc, quæ recepta mediâ
nare exacta est cervice, que
Claninque, 140 eininet in ambas partes. Dùm
Matre satos unâ, diverso vulnere fudit. que Fortuna juvat manum ;
Nam Clytii per utrumque gravi librata lacerto fudit Clytiumque, Claninque,
satos unâ matre, diver.o vul
Fraxinus acta femur ; jaculum Clanis ore mo nere. Nam fraxinus librata
mordit. gravi lacerto acta per utrum
Occidit et Celadon Mendesius ; occidit Astreus, que femur Clytii ; Clanis mo
Matre Palæstinâ, dubio genitore creatus. 145 mordit jaculum ore. Et Men
desius Celadon occidit ; Astre
Ethionque, sagax quondam ventura videre ; us occidit, Palæstinâ matre
Nunc ave deceptus falsâ ; regisque Thoactes ereatus dubio genitore. Ethi
Armiger, et cæso genitore infamis Agyrtes, onque, quondam sagax vide
Plus tamen exhausto superest : namque omni- re ventura ; nunc deceptus
falsâ ave ; que armiger Tho
bus unum [pugnant 150 actes regis, et Agyrtes infa
Opprimere est animus. Conjurata undique mis caso genitore. Tamen
Agmina, pro causâ meritum impugnante fidem- superest plus exhausto : nam
que animus est omnibus op
que. primere unum. Conjurata
agmina pugnant undique, pro
causâ impugnante meritum fidemque.
NOTES.
129. Nasamoniaci.] The Nasamones are mouth.
a people of Lybia. 144. Occidit.] An Anaphora.
130. Dives. ] An Anaphora. 145. Palæstinâ.] A country of Syria, bor
131. Latius ] Fields of a greater extent. dering upon Judea.-Dubio genitore. ] Of
Tollebat.] Received. an uncertain father, and therefore a bastard.
Acervos.] Heapes of corn. 146. Sagax.] Sagacious as foretelling fu
134. Singultantem animam. ] Sobbing out ture things ; a soothsayer.
his soul.- -Versantem lumina. ] Rolling 147. Ave falsâ. ] By a false omen ; for he
about his dying eyes. knew not that he was to be slain here.
135. Hoc, &c. ] Lo, says he, take this Regisque Thoactes armiger.] Thoactes,
ground, which now you press ! A true hos the king's squire.
tile derision, or sarcasni, 149. Plus tamen, &c.] Though Perseus
137. Raptam. ] Snatched hastily from Do- had done much, yet more remained to be
rilas's wound. done.
139. Cervice exacta est.] Was run through Namque, &c.] They had all a mind to kill
his neck .-Ambas partes.] On both sides ; Perseus himself.
the hither and farther. 151. Pro causâ impugnante meritum. ] For
143. Fraxinus. ] Ashen spear. A Meto- the cause of Phineus, which was quite oppo
nymy. site to the merits of Perseus, and the promise
Acta.] Scil. est. Driven through. of Cepheus.
Jaculum.] A dart thrown into Clanis's
182 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. V.

Socer frustrà pius, et nova Hâc pro parte socer, frustrà pius, et nova conjux,
conjux cum genitrice favent Cum genitrice, favent ; ululatuque atria com
pro hâc parte , que complent
atria ululatu, Sed sonus ar plent. [tum :
morum superat, gemitusque Sed sonus armorum superat, gemitusque caden
cadentum : que Bellona per- Pollutosque semel multo Bellona penates 155
fundit penates semel pollutos,
que miscet renovata prælia. Sanguine perfundit, renovataque prælia miscet.
Phineas et mille secuti Per- Circumeunt unum Phineus, et mille secuti
sea circumeunt unum. Tela Persea. Tela volant hybernà grandine plura
volant plura hybernâ gran- Præter utrumque latus, præterque et lumen, et
dine præter utrumque latus,
præterque et lumen et aures. aures. [næ: 160
Hic applicat humeros ad saxa Applicat hic humeros ad magnæ saxa colum
magnæ columnæ : que gerens Tutaque terga gerens, adversaque in agmina ver
tuta terga, que versus in ad- Sustinet instantes. Instabat parte sinistrâ [sus,
versa agmina, sustinet in
stantes. Chaoníus Molpeus Chaonius Molpeus, dextrâ Nabathæus Ethemon:
instabat parte sinistra, Na- Tigris ut, auditis diversâ valle duorum,
bathæus Ethemon dextrâ : Exstimulata fame, mugitibus armentorum, 165
ut tigris exstimulata fame, au- Nescit utrò potiùs ruat, et ruere ardet utrôque :
ditis mugitibus duorum ar
mentorum diversâ valle, nes- Sic dubius Perseus, dextrâ lævâne feratur,
eit utrò potis ruat, et ardet Molpea trajecti submovit vulnere cruris ;
ruere utroque : sic Perseus, Contentusque fugâ est. Neque enim dat tem
dubius feratur dextrâ lævane,
submovit Molpea vulnere pus Ethemon,
trajecti cruris : que est con- Sed furit : et cupiens alto darevulnera collo, 170
tentus fugâ. Neque enim Non circumspectis exactum viribus ensem
Ethemon dat tempus, sed fu
rit ; et cupient dare vulnera Fregit ; in a extremâ percussæ parte columnæ
alto collo fregit ensem exac- Lamina dissiluit, dominique in gutture fixa est.
tum non circumspectis viri- Non tamen ad lethum causas satis illa valentes
bus : et lamina dissiluit in
extremâ parte percussæ columnæ, que fixa est in gutture domini . Tamen illa plaga non
dedit causas satis valentes ad lethum .

a extremæ percussâ parte columnæ,

NOTES.

152. Hâc, &c.] But a very few stood by
the cause of fidelity, merit and justice.
Hâc pro parte.] For Perseus.
155. Pollutosque. ] Profaned, polluted.
Bellona.] The goddess of war.
157. Circumeunt. ] They surround Per
seus alone.
159, Præter utrumque latus.] Near both
his sides, right and left.
Præterque et lumen.] And nigh his eyes
and ears.
160. Applicat. ] Perseus set his shoulders
against a pillar, that being secured behind, he
might repulse his enemies.
162. Exstimulata, &c.] A spondaic line, in
tended by the poet, to represent the listening
and pause ofthe tyger, considering for a while
to which side he should turn.
163. Chaonius. ] Chaonia is a part of
Epirus.
Nabathæus. ] A country of Arabia ; from
whence comes Nabathæus.
164. Tigris, &c.] By this similitude, the
poet makes Perseus to be in doubt, which he
should smite first, as they pressed upon him,
one on the right hand, and the other on the
left, Molpeus and Ethemon.
Diversa.] In a different part of the valley.
166. Utrò.] Which way.
168. Trajecti. ] Run through.
Submovit. He repulsed.
169. Contentusque fugâ est.] It was
enough for Perseus that he had driven Mol
peus away ; for Etlemon pressed upon him
on the other side, and did not give him time
to kill him.
171. Non circumspectis.] Not cautious,
rash.
Exactum.] Drawn, brandished.
173. Dominique.] Of Ethemon.
174. Satis valentes.] Strong enough,
FAB. II. METAMORPHOSEN. 183

Plaga dedit. Trepidum Perseus, et inermia tendentem

Perseus confodit trepidum
inerinia et
brachia
frustrà 175
frustrà Cyllenide harpe.
Brachia tendentem, Cyllenide confodit harpe.

NOTES.
175. Plaga ] The stroke, the wound.
Trepidum. ] This word is usually trans
lated trembling, which is not its signification ;
for trepido, as, from which it is derived, sig
nifies to be in such a hurry and confusion
upon any sudden alarm, as not to know
which way to turn for safety ; thus,
" Trepidant immisso lumine Manos." Virg.
and Horace, speaking of the city and couns
try mouse,
" Exanimes trepidare, simul domus alta
Personuit canibus." [Molossis,
Here trepido is used in its true and primary
signification. Hence, secondly, it signifies
simply to hasten through apprehension of
danger, or with any kind of tumultuousY
eagerness.
" Ne trepidate meas, Teucri, defendere
K trepidantia bello [naves.
Corda licet longe præsciscere." Virg.
and applied to inanimate things by meta
phor ; to hasten with a tremulous motion.
Flammæ trepidant rotantes, &c.
obliquo laborat
Lympha fugax trepidare rivo." Hor.
5dly. Merely, to be in1 a great hurry, to
run.
" Dum trepidant alæ, &c." Virg.
" Octavum trepidavit ætas
Claudere lustrum. • Hor.
4thly. And as the mind in this state is
not without fears, it signifies also to fear, to
be dismayed ; but not to quake with fear,
or to tremble, as it is generally translated.
So in this place trepidum signifies dismayed,
affrighted.
176. Cyllenide.] Cyllenian, for he re
ceived this weapon from Mercury, born
in Cyllene, a mountain of Arcadia, and
sometimes called Cyllenus.

FAB. II. PHINEUS ET SOCII EJUS IN SAXUM . PRÆTUS IN LAPIDEM ,

76
Perseus, notwithstanding his valour, being apprehensive of the danger he
stood in from the number of his enemies , ( having first cautioned his
friends, ) presented to them the Gorgon's head, when immediately Phi
neus and his companions were turned into Statues. Perseus having now
vanquished his enemies, goes with Andromeda to Argos, his native
city, where he turns the usurper Prœtus into Stone, and restores his
grandfather Acrisius . to his kingdom , notwithstanding his ill treatment
of him. See his History, p. 173.

VERUM, ubi virtutem turbæ Verùm, ubi Perseus vidit

1. succumbere virtutem turbæ succumbere,
vidit, dixit, petam auxilium ab hoste,
Auxilium, Perseus, Quoniam sic cogitis ipsi, quoniam ipsi sic cogitis : aver
Dixit, ab hoste petam : vultus avertite vestros, tite vestros vultus, si quis adest_
Si quis amicus adest ; et Gorgonis extulit ora. amicus : et extulit ora Gorgo
nis. Thescelus dixit; Quære
Quære alium, tua quem moveant miracula, dixit alium, quemtua miracula mo
Thescelus, utque manu jaculum fatale parabat 6 veant, utque parahat mittere
fatale jaculum manu,

NOTES.
1. Virtutem.] Scil. suam, his valour, his
bravery: from Vis, strength, comes Vir, a
man ; and therefore vir is distinguished
from homo, the former signifying a man of
strength and fortitude in mind and body, the
latter a mere man, one of the human species :
and from Vir comes Virtus, which denotes
that courage and fortitude which is the cha
Yacteristic of man, and this is the first signi
fication of Virtus, but it signifies also every
accomplishment of the human mind.
Succumbere.] Sink under the number of
his enemies.
2. Cogitis.] You force me to this.
3. Ab hoste.] From Medusa's head.
Petam.] I will seek.
5. Miracula moveant.] Whom thy prodi
gies may terrify.
184 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. V. F

hæsit in signum de marmore Mittere, in hôc hæsit signum de marmore gestu.

hoc gestu. Ampyx, proximus Proximus huic Ampyx animi plenissima magni
huic, petit pectora Lyncida,
plenissima magni animi, gla- Pectora Lyncidæ gladio petit : inque petendo
dio : inque petendo dextera Dextera diriguit, nec citrà mota nec ultra. 10
diriguit, nec mota citrà nec At Nileus, qui se genitum septemplice Nilo
ultra. At Nileus qui einenti- Ementitus erat, clypeo quoque flumina septem,
tus erat se genitum septem
plice Nilo, quoque calaverat Argento partim, partim cœlaverat auro ;
septem flumina clypeo, par- Aspice ait, Perseu, nostræ primordia gentis ;
tim argento, partim auro : Magna feres tacitas solatia mortis ad umbras 15
ait, Perseu, aspice primordia
nostræ gentis : feres magna A tanto cecidisse viro . Pars ultima vocis
solatia ad tacitas umbras, ce- In medio suppressa sono est ; adapertaque velle
cidisse a tanto viro. Ultima Ora loqui credas : nec sunt ea pervia verbis.
pars vocis est suppressa in Increpat hos, Vitioque animi, non crinibus, in
medio sono : que credas
aperta ora velle loqui : nec ea quit, 19
sunt pervia verbis. Eryx in- Gorgoneis torpetis, Eryx : incurrite mecum,
crepat hos, que inquit. Tor- Et prosternite humi juvenem magica arma mo
petis vitio animi, non Gor W
goneis crinibus : incurrite incursurus erat : tenuit vestigia tellus, [ ventem.
mecum, et prosternite humi Immotusque silex, armataque mansit imago.
juvenem moventem magica Hi tamen ex merito poenas subiêre. Sed unus 24
arma. Erat incursurus : tel- Miles erat Persei , pro quo dùm pugnat, Acon
lús tenuit vestigia, que man It
sit immotus silex, armataque Gorgone conspectâ saxo concrevit oborto. [ teus Di
imago. Tamen hi subière Quem ratus Astyages etiamnum vivere, longo
poenas ex merito. Sed erat Ense ferit : sonuit tianitibus ensis acutis.
unus miles Persei, Aconteus,
pro quo dum pugnat, concre Dùm stupet Astyages, naturam traxit eandem,
vit saxo oborto, Gorgone con- Marmoreoque manet vultus mirantis in ore. 30
spectâ. Quem Astyages, ra- Nomina longamora est mediâ de plebe virorum
tus etiamnùm vivere, ferit Dicere. Bis centum restabant
longo ense : ensis sonuit acu corpora pugnæ ;
tis tinnitibus. Dùm Astyages Gorgone, bis centum riguerunt corpora, visâ.
stupet, traxit eandem natu- Poenitet injusti nunc denique Phinea belli. 34
ram,
manet que vultus
marmoreomirantis
ore. Sed quid agat ? Simulacra videt diversa figuris;
Mora est longa dicere nomi
na virorum de media plebe. Bis centum corpora restabant pugna : bis centum corpora
riguerunt Gorgone visâ. Nunc denique pœnitet Phinea injusti belli. Sed quid agat ?
Videt simulacra diversa figuris :
NOTES.

7. Hôc.] Thessalus was turned into a
marble statue, in the posture of throwing a
dart.
Hæsit.] He stood.
Signum.] A marble statue.
10. Diriguit. ] Became rigid and hard.
11. Septemplice Nilo.] The seven-mouth
ed Nile. A river in Egypt .
15. Calaverat.] Had engraved.
14, Nostræ gentis.] Of my race.
15. Tacitas ad umbras.] To the silent
shades.
16. A tanto viro.] For it is an honour to
be slain by a valiant man.
17. Suppressa.] Held in, restrained.
Velle loqui.] For as Nileus was speaking
to Perseus, he was turned into a stone, in
the very act of speaking.
18. Pervia.] Passable,
19. Vitio.] By the cowardice.
Non Gorgoneis.] Not by the power of
Medusa's head.
20. Torpetis .] Ye are benumbed.
21. Magica arma.] Magical arms.
22. Incursurus erat.] Was about to at
tack Perseus.- Vestigia.] His feet.
23. Immotusque.] Immoveable : being
changed into a statue of stone,
24. Ex merito.] According to their desert,
fighting in an unjust cause for Phineus.
Subiêre. ] They suffered.
26, Oborto.] Suddenly rising. C
28. Tinnitibus acutis.] With a shrill tink
ling.
29, Naturam candem.] The same nature,
being turned into stone.
33. Riguerunt.] Became stiff and hard.
34. Denique. After he sawthe miserable
end of his companions
FAB. II. METAMORPHOSEON. 185

Agnoscitque suos, et nomine quemque vocatos agnoscitque suos, et poscit o

Poscit opem ; credensque parum, sibi proxima pem vocatos quemque nomi
ne ; que parum credens, tan
tangit [ supplex, git proxima corpora ; erant
Corpora ; marmor erant. Avertitur, atque ita marmor. Avertitur, atque
Confessasque manus, obliquaque brachia tendens, tendens confessas manus, ob
Vincis, ait, Perseu : remove fera monstra ; tuæ- liquaque brachia, supplex ait
ita, Perseu vincis : remove
que 40 fera monstra ; que tolle sax
Saxificos vultus, quæcunque ea, tolle, Medusa. ificos vultos, quæcunque es
Tolle precor. Non nos odjum, regnique cupido tua Meduse . Precor tolle.
Compulit ad bellum. Pro conjuge movimus arma. Non odium, que cupido reg
Causa fuit meritis melior tua ; tempore nostra. ni compulit
Movimus nospro
arma ad conjuge.
bellum .
Non cessisse piget. Nihil, ô fortissime, præter Tua causa fuit melior meritis,
Hanc animam concede mihi ; tua cætera sunto. nostra tempore . Piget non
Talia dicenti neque eum, quem voce rogabat, cessisse . O fortissime, con
Respicere audenti, Quorl, ait, timidissime Phi- cede mihi nihil præter hanc
animam cetera sunto tua,
neu, [ est, 40 Dicenti talia, neque audenti
Et possum tribuisse, et magnum munus inerti respicere eum quem rogabat
voce, Perseus ait, Timidissi
Pone metum, tribuam, nullo violabere ferro.
me Phineu, tribuam quod et
Quinetiam mansura dabo monumenta per ævum ; possum tribuisse, et est mag
Inque domo soceri semper spectabere nostri : num munus inerti : pone me,
Ut mea se sponsi soletur imagine conjux. 53 tum, violabere nullo ferro.
Quinetiam dabo monumenta
Dixit, et in partem Phorcynida transtulit illam,
mansura per ævum ; que sem
Ad quam se trepido Phineus obverterat ore. per spectabere in domo nos
Tùm quoque conanti sua flectere lumina cervix tri soceri ; ut mea conjux
Diriguit, saxoque oculorum induruit humor. soletur se imagine sponsi.
Dixit, et transtulit Phorcy
Sed tamen os timidum, vultusque in marmore nida in illam partem ad quam
,
supplex, Phineus obverterat se timida
Submissæque manus, faciesque obnoxia mansit. ore . Tum quoque cervix di
riguit conanti flectere sua lu
mina, que humor oculorum induruit saxo. Sed tamen timidum os, vultusque supplex, suḥ,
issæque manus, que obnoxia facies mansit in marmore.

NOTES.

38. Marmor ] They were marble statues.
Avertitur.] He turns his eyes from Perse
us.
41. Saxificos vultus ] Petrifying the head,
turning men into stones.
Quæcunque ] sc. sit. For Phineus did
not know who Medusa was.
43. Conjuge. ] We fought for Androme
da.
44. Causa fuit, &c.] Perseus had a strong
er right by his services, Phineus an earlier ;
for Andromeda had been contracted to
him before Perseus had appeared in that
country.
45. Non cessisse piget.] I repent I did
not leave Andromeda to you. Cedere is
properly to go away, and to give place to
a conqueror. Hence we say, cedere iræ, i. e.
to give place to anger. Hence, by a meta
phor, cedere often signifies the transferring
of a possession or inheritance from one to
another cedunt mihi bona ea, i, e. they
come to be mine. Cedere lite, is to confess
one's selfto be overcome (to be cast) in law.
Cedere sometimes signifies to succeed, as
omnia ex sententia cedunt.
46. Animam.] My life.
49. Inerti.] To cowards.
50. Pone metum.] Fear not. Perseus
speaks these four verses ironically.
51. Monumenta.] A monument, sign.
54. Phorcynida. ] Medusa, the daughter
of Phorcus.
55. Obverterat.] Had turned.
Trepido ore ] With a fearful countenance.
56. Flectere.] To turn his eyes, that he
might not see the head of Medusa.
57. Diriguit.] Became hard.
Induruit saxo. Hardened into stone.
Oculorum humor.] The very tear was
changed into marble.
59. Obnoxia.] Dejected, lowly, as of eng
who was supplicating.
Bb
186 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. V.

Abantiades victor intrat pa- Victor Abantiades patrios, cum conjuge, muros
trios muros cum conjuge ; et Intrat : et immeritæ vindex ultorque parentis,
vindex et ultor immeritæ pa
rentis_aggreditur Protum. Aggreditur Protum. Nam fratre per arma
Nam Prœtus possederat Acri 62
fugato,
sioneas arces fratre fugato Acrisioneas Protus possederat arces .
per arma. Sed nec ope ar Sed nec opearmorum, nec, quam malè ceperat, arce
morum, nec arce, quam malè
ceperat, superavit torva lu- Torva colubriferi superavit lumina monstri.
mina colubriferi monstri.
NOTES.
60. Abantiades victor.] Perseus. pelled,
Conjuge.] With Andromeda. 63. Acrisioneas arces.] The kingdom of
61. Immeritæ parentis.] Of his innocent Acrisius .
mother. 64. Malè.] Unfairly, unjustly.
62. Fratre fugato.] Aerisius being ex

FAB. III. IV. V. POLYDECTES IN LAPIDEM. MUSE IN AVES. PIERIDES

IN PICAS.

Polydectes, king of Seriphus, where Perseus and his Mother were driven,
sends Perseus to engage the Gorgons, in expectation he would be de
stroyed in the attempt ; who, doubting of the hero's success, is turned
into stone, on presenting him Medusa's head. Minerva, on leaving her
Brother, goes to visit the Muses at Mount Helicon ; who, after showing
the Goddess the beauties of their habitatior , entertain her with their ad
venture at the court of Pyreneus, and the death of that Prince. They
also repeat to her the song ofthe Pierides, who challenged them to sing.

Tamen nec virtus juvenis TE tamen, ô parvæ rector Polydecta Seriphi,

spectata per tot labores, nec
Necjuvenis virtus per tot spectata labores,
mala mollierant te, ô Poly: Nec mala mollierant : sed inexorabile durus
decta, rector parvæ Seriphi ;
sed durus exerces inexorabile Exerces odium ; nec iniquâ finis in irâ est.
odium;
irâ. nec finis
Etiam est inlaudes
detrectas iniqua Dectrectas etiam laudes ; fictamque Medusæ 5
;
que arguis necem Medusa Arguis esse necem. Dabimus tibi pignora veri.
esse fictam. Dabimus pigno- Parcite luminibus, Perseus ait : oraque Regis
ra veri tibi. Perseus ait, Par- Ore Medusæo silicem sinè sanguine fecit.
cite luminibus : que fecit ora Hactenus aurigenæ comitem Tritonia fratri
Regis silicem Medusao ore
sine sanguine. Hactenus Tritonia dedit se comitem aurigenæ fratri.

NOTES,

1. Te tamen, &c.] Although Perseus had
done so many gallant actions, yet, O Poly
dectes ! thou canst neither soften thy anger,
nor lay aside thy hatred.
Seriphi ] An island.
3. Detrectas. ] Thou lessenest, slanderest.
Detrectare is also to avoid, shun or deny.
6. Arguis.] You allege.
Dabimus.] An irony, as before.
7. Parcite luminibus.] Turn away your
eyes, my friends. This he says to those who
were with Polydectes, lest they also shouldbe
turned into stones.
9. Hactenus. ] The poet relates how Pe
gasus, the winged horse, and 夏 Chrysaor,
sprung from the blood of Medusa's neck.
That Pegasus came to Helicon, a mountain
of Boeotia, where striking the ground with
his hoof, a fountain (which is called
' Inox , i. e. the horse-fountain, ) is re
ported to have sprung forth. Pallas leaving
Perseus, goes to see this fountain ; who being
received by the Muses, was readily conducted
to it.
Aurigenæ.] To Perseus, the son of Jupi
ter and Danaë.
Tritonia.] Pallas. See Book IV, ver. 2.
TAB. III. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 187

Se dedit. Indè cavâ circumdata nube Seriphon Indé deserit Seriphon circum
Deserit ; à dextrâ Cythno Gyaroque relictis. data nube cavâ ; et Cythno
Gyaroque relictis à dextrâ.
Quàque super pontum via visa brevissima, Thebas, Que petit Thebas, virgineum
Virgineumque Helicona petit : quo monte potita que Helicona super pontum
Constitit ; et doctas sic est affata sorores. quà via visa brevissima ; qué
monte
Fama novi fontis nostras pervenit ad aures ; 15 est potita doctas
affata constitit sorores.
; et sic
Dura Medusæi quem præpetis ungula rupit, Fama novi fontis pervenit ad
Is mihi causa viæ. Volui mirabile monstrum nostras aures ; quem dura
Cernere ; vidi ipsum materno sanguine nasci. ungula præpetis Meduse ru
Excipit Uranie : Quæcunque est causa videndi pit, is causa
cernere viæ mihi. Volui
mirabile monstrum :
Has tibi, Diva, domos, animo gratissima nostro vidi ipsum nasci materno san
es. 20 guine. Uranie excipit : Diva,
Vera tamen fama est : et Pegasus hujus origo quæcunque est causa tibi vi
dendi has domos, es gratissi
Fontis. Et ad latices deducit Pallada sacros. Tamen
ma nostro animo.
Quæ mirata diu factas pedis ictibus undas, fama est vera : et Pegasus
origo hujus fontis. Et deducit
Pallada ad sacros latices. Quæ diu mirata undas factas ictibus pedis,

NOTES.
10, Seriphon.] An island of the Cyclades.
15. Helicona.] A mountain of Boeotia, sa
ared to the Muses.
14. Sorores. ] The Muses, who are the
daughters of Jupiter and Mnemosyne, nine
in number, to whom names are given suitable
to their respective offices.
Clio, aπO TOU xλεous, Glory ; her pro
vince was to celebrate in history the fame of
departed heroes. She is usually represented
holding a roll or book in one hand, and in
the other, a pipe resembling a trumpet.
Euterpe, aπO TOU EUTEOTOUS, i. e. plea
sant. She presides over music and harmony,
and is represented holding a mask on her left
side, and a club on her right. She has the
care of Tragedy, whose dignity is emblema
tically expressed by the Herculean- Club.
Thalia, ano Tou Dáλλɛ , i. e. of being
green ; the glory of poets flourishes for ever.
To her care was committed Comedy, Pasto
ral, and whatever was gay, agreeable, and
pleasant. She is distinguished by her Comic
Mask in one hand, and the Pastoral- Crook
in the other.
Melpomene, αTO TOU µéλñɛσox , of ma
king melody, from the dignity and excellence
ofher song. She is the guardian of Lyric and
Epic Poetry, as well as of the Stage and me
lancholy subjects. She is distinguished by
her mask on her face, which is sometimes
placed so high up, as to make the appearance
of two faces.
Terpsichore, άTO TOU TEρTE!", i. e. of de
lighting. The protectress of music, particu
larly the flute, with which she is always repre
sented, holding in her hand.
Erato, a Tou igav, of loving. She
presides over Elegance and Amorous Poetry,
and is said to be the inventress of dancing ;
her garments appear with ease and elegance,
as do her looks, though thoughtful.
Polyhymnia , αποπολύςand ὕμνος, ο
song ; esteemed for the variety of her song.
She generally appears with some stringed
instrument, as the inventress of harmony,
voice, and gesture, and whatever gives perfec
tion to oratory and poetry.
Urania, aro TOU Oupavou, Heaven. She
has the care of divine subjects, such as hymus ,
and whatever respects the motions of the
Heavenly Bodies, Philosophy, and Astrono
my, She is represented with a celestial globe
at her feet, and the radius in her hand.
Calliope , απ ' του κάλλους τῆς ὑπὸς, from
the sweetness of her voice. She is called by
Ovid the Chief, and by Horace the Queen of
the Muses. She is the inventress of Heroic
Poetry and Rhetoric, and registers the ac
tions of the living.-The Muses are some
times called Female Warriors, from their
being dedicated to Apollo and Bacchus, who
were much engaged in war. The following
are said to be the inventions of the Muses :
Clio is said to have been the inventress of
History. Thalia of Tilling the ground, and
Nursing of Plants. Euterpe of the Mathe,
matical Sciences. Terpsichore of Learning.
Erato of Dancing. Polyhymnia of the Lyre.
Melpomene of Singing. Urania of Astrolo
gy. Calliope of Poetry.
16. Medusæi.] Of the swift-winged horse.
18. Ipsum.] Pegasus.
Vidi.] For Pallas was with Perseus when
he cut off the head of Medusa.
19. Excipit.] Replied.
Uranie.] One of the Nine Muses.
22. Sacros latices.] The sacred waters.
23. Ictibus pedis.] By the strokes of his
feet.
188 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. V.

eircumspicit lacos antiqua- Sylvarum lucos circumspicit antiquarum ;

rum sylvarum; antraque, et Antraque, et innumeris, distinctas floribus herbas ;
herbas distinctas innuméris
floribus : que vocat Maoni Felicesque vocat pariter studiique locique
des felices pariter studiique Mæonides. Quam sic affata est una sororum,
focique. Quam una sororum ) O , nisi te virtus opera ad majora tulisset,
sic est affata. O Tritonia ven 29
In partem ventura chori Tritonia nostri,
tura in partem nostri chori,
nisi virtus tulisset te ad ma- Vera refers ; meritoque probas artesque locumque ?
jora opera, refers vera; que Et gratam sortem, tutæ modò simus, habemus.
probas merito artesque lo- Sed (vetitum est adeò sceleri nihil) omnia terrent
cumque : habemus
sortem, modò simus tutæ . Sed Virgineas mentes, dirusque ante ora Pyreneus
(nihil est adeò vetitum sceleri) Vertitur : et nondùm me totâ mente recepi.
omnia terre、t virgineas men- Daulia Threîcio Phoceaque milite rura 35
tes, dirusque Fyreneus verti- Ceperat ille ferox, injustaque regna tenebat.
tur ante ora ; et nondùm re
cepi me totâ mente . Ille fe- Templa petebamus Parnassia. Vidit euntes,
rox ceperat Daulia Phoccaque Nostraque fallaci veneratus Numina cultu,
aura Threicio milite, que te Mæonides (cognôrat enim) consistite, dixit. 39
nebat injusta regna. Peteba- Nec dubitate, precor, tecto grave a sidus et imbrem
mus Parnassia templa. Vidit
euntes, que veneratus nostra ( Imber erat) vitare meo : subiêre minores
Numina fallaci sultu ; dixit, Sæpê casas Superi. Dictis, et tempore, motæ,
Mæonides consistite (cogno- Annuimusque viro, primasque intravimus ædes.
rat enim) nec dubitate pre- Desierant imbres, victoque Aquilonibus Austro,
cor, vitare grave sidus et im
brem meo tecto (erat imber :) Fusca, repurgato, fugiebant nubila, cœlo : 45
Superi sæpè subiêre minores Impetus ire fuit : claudit sua tecta Pyreneus ;
casas. Mota dictis et tempo- Vimque parat, quam nos sumptis effugimus alis.
re, annuimusque viro, quein- Ipse secuturo similis stetit arduus arce ;
travimus primas ædes. Im
bres desierant que Austro Quaque via est vobis, erit et mihi, dixit, eadem.
victo Aquilonibus, fusca nu- Sequejacit vecors è summo culmine turris, 50
bila fugiebant cœlo repurga- Et cadit in vultus, discussique ossibus oris [tam.
to : impetus fuit ire : Pyre- Tundit humum moriens scelerato sanguine tinc
neus claudit sua tecta ; que
parat vim, quam nos effugi- Musa loquebatur. Pennæ sonuêre per auras ;
inus sumptis alis. Ipse similis
secuturo stetit arduus arce ; et dixit, Quàque via est vobis, eadem erit et mihi. Que ve
cors jacit se è summo culmine turris ; et cadit in vultus, que, moriens tundit humum
tinctam scelerato cruore ossibus oris discussi. Musa loquebatur. Pennæ sonuêre per
atiras ; a frigus .

NOTES.

27. Mæonides.] The Muses ; from Mæo
nia. Omitting the sophisms of grammarians
in this place, Bocetia was sometimes called
Mæonia.
28. Opera majora ] To warlike exploits,
which are more noble than the study of sci
ences.
32. Vetitum est, &c. ] Wicked persons dare
do
1 any thing. So unrestrained is villainy.
33. Pyreneus.] A tyrant of Thrace, who
possessed Daulia, a city of Phocis.
54. Nondùm recepi.] I have not yet re
covered.
35. Daulia.] The Daulian Lands. Daulia
or Daulis is a city of Phocis, so called from
the nymph Daulis.
40. 'Sidus ] Storms which arose by the
rising and setting of the same Constellation.
A metonymy of the efficient.
43. Annuimusque. ] We consented.
Primas ædes.] The hall, or fore-room.
44. Aquilonibus. ] By the north.
Austro.] The south wind, bringing rain
and clouds.
45. Fusca nubila.] The black clouds.
46. Impetus ire fuit.] We had a mind to
go away.
47. Sumptis alis. ] By suddenly assuming
wings.
48. Arduus.] High, a high place, and for
that reason dangerous.
 SEΩN
FAB. HI METAMORPHO . 189

Voxque salutantùm ramis veniebat ab altis : 54 voxque , salutantùm veniebat

Suspicit ; et linguæ quærit tam certa loquentes ab altis ramis : nata Jove
suspicit ; et quærit undè lin
Undè sonent : hominemque putat Jove nata lo- guæ loquentes tam certa so
cutum . [ tes, nent : que putat hominem lo
cutum . Erant ales que pi
Ales erant : numeroque novem, sua fata queren
cæ, novem numero, querentes
Institerant ramis imitantes omnia picæ. sua fata, institerant ramis
Miranti sic orsa Deæ Dea. Nuper et istæ imitantes omnia. Dea sic orsa
Auxerunt volucrum , victæ certamine, turbam. Deæ miranti. Et istæ nuper
victæ certamine auxerunt tur
Pierus has genuit Pellæis dives in arvis : 61 bam volucrum. Pierus dives
Pæonis Evippe mater fuit ; illa potentem in Pellæis arvis genuit has :
Lucinam novies, novies paritura vocavit. Pæonis Evippe fuit mater ;
Intumuit numero stolidarùm turba sororum ; illa paritura novies, vocavit
Perque tot Hæmonias , et per tot Achaïdas urbes potentem Lucinam novies.
Turba stolidarum sororum
Huc venit, et tali committunt prælia voce : 66 intumuit numero ; que venit
Desinite indoctum vanâ dulcedine vulgus hùc, et committunt prælia
Fallere. Nobiscum, si qua est fiducia vobis, tali voce : per tot Hæmonias,
et per tot Achaïdas urbes :
Thespiades certate Deæ : nec voce nec arte Desinite fallere indoctum vul
Vincemur, totidemque sumus. Vel cedite victæ gus vanâ dulcedine. Dea
Fonte Medusæo, et Hyanteâ Aganippe ; 71 Thespiades certate nobiscum,
Vel nos Emathiis, ad Pæonas usque nivosos, si qua est fiducia vobis ;
vincemur nec voce, nec arte,,
Cedamus campis : dirimant certamina Nymphæ. que sumus totidem, Vel
Turpe quidem contendere erat ; sed cedere visum victa cedite fonte Medusxo ;
Turpius : electæ jurant per flumina Nymphæ. et Hyanteâ Aganippe ; vel
Factaque de vivo pressêre sedilia saxo. 76 nos cedamus Emathiis campis
usque ad nivosos Pæonas :
Tunc sine sorte prior, quæ se certare professa est, Nympha dirimant certamina .
Quidem erat turpe contende
re; sed visum turpius cedere : Nympha electæ jurant per flumina ; que pressêre sedilia
facta de vivo saxo. Tunc sine sorte quæ professa est prior se certare,

NOTES.

54. Salutantùm.] Expressing the word of Thespiades of Thespia, a city of Boeotia,

salutation χαίρε , χαίρε ; for magpies seem
to utter that word.
56. Jove nata, &c. ] Pallas wonders from
whence this salutation comes.
57. Fata querentes.] Complaining of their
mishap.
59. Sic orsa Deæ Dea.] The muse answers
Pallas.
61. Pelleis in arvis, ] In Macedonian fields ;
for Pella is a city of Macedonia, the birth
place of Philip and Alexander the Great,
who are thence called Pellæi.
62. Pæonis. Born in Pæonia.
63. Lucinam novies vocavit.] That is,
Bath brought forth nine times. Lucina was
so called of Lux, light ; because she was
believed to preside over the birth of infants,
and usher them into the world.
64. Intumuit.] Became proud.
65. Hæmonias.] Thessalian ; for Hæmonia
is the same as Thessalia : so called of Hæ
mon, the king.
Achaïdas.] Grecian.
66. Hùc. ] To Parnassus.
69. Thespiades. The Muses are called
where they were in an especial manner wor
shipped.
71. Fonte Medusao. ] Hippocrene, dedi
cated to the Muses.
Hyanteâ.] Pliny writes, that the Boeotians
were anciently called Hyantes. Hence
comes Hyanteus.
Aganippe.] A fountain in Boeotia, sacred
to the Muses.
72. Emathiis.] Emathia, a country near
Boeotia : or, as others will have it, Boeotia
itself.
Nivosos Pæonas.] Snowy.
73. Dirimant.] Decide the contest. Judge
which of us sings best. Dirimo is properly
said of wars and contentions, when they are
pacified.
75. Jurant.] Swear to give a just judgè
ment.
76. Pressêre, &c.] They sat down on na
tural seats of stone.
77. Tunc, &c.] Then one of those sisters,
not waiting for the determination by lot,
which should begin first.
 190 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. V.

canit bella Superuna : que po- Bella canit Superum : falsoquè in honore gigantes ha
nit gigantes in falso honore, Ponit, et extenuat nagnorum facta Deorum ; B
et extenuat facta magnorum Emissumque imâ de sede Typhoëa terræ
Deorum : que Typhoëa emis 80
sum de imâ sede terræ fecisse Cœlitibus fecisse metum ; cunctosque dedisse
metum cœlitibus ; cunctosque Terga fugæ, donec fessos Ægyptia tellus
dedisse terga fugæ, donec
Ægyptia tellus ceperit fessos, Ceperit, et septem discretus in ostia Nilus.
et Nilus discretus in septem Huc quoque terrigenam venisse Typhoëa narrat, 00
ostia. Narrat terrigenam Ty- Et se mentitis Superos celâsse figuris. 85
phoëa venisse huc quoque, et Duxque gregis dixit, fit Jupiter : undè recurvis
Superos celâsse se mentitis fi- Nunc quoque formatus Libys est, cum cornibus,
guris. Que dixit, Jupiter fit
dux gregis ; undè nunc quoque Ammon.
formatus est Libys, Ammon Delius in corvo, proles Semeleia capro,
recurvis cornibus. Delius la- Fele soror Phœbi, niveâ Saturnia vaccâ ;
tuit in corvo , Semeleia proles Pisce Venus latuit, Cyllenius Ibidis alis .
capro, soror Phoebi fele, Sa 90
turnia nivea vaccâ ; Venus Hactenùs ad citharam vocalia moverat ora.
pisce, Cyllenius alis Ibidis. Poscimur Aonides. Sed forsitan otia non sint,
Hactenus moverat vocalia ora Nec nostris præbere vacet tibi cantibus aurem .
ad citharam. Aonides posci
mur, Sed forsitan otia non Nec dubita, vestrumque mihi refer ordine carmen,
sint ; nec vacet tibi præbere Pallas ait : nemorisque levi consedit in umbrâ.
aurem nostris cantibus. Pallas Musa refert : Dedimus summam certaminis uni,
ait, Ne dubita, que refer ves- Surgit, et a immissos hederâ collecta capillos 97 P
trum carmen mihi ordine :
que consedit in levi umbra Calliope querulas prætentat pollice chordas :
nemoris. Musa refert : De- Atque hæc percussis subjungit carmina nervis.
dimus summam certaminis u 0
ni, Calliope surgit, et collecta immissos capillos hederâ, prætentat querulas chordas pollice :
atque subjungit hæc carmina percussis nervis. a immistos.
1 T

NOTES.
78. Falsoque, &c. ] She sings of the wars
of the giants, but depreciates the gods, and
places the giants in a false light of honour.
79. Extenuat.] She extenuates.
80. Typhoëa. ] Typhoeus was the son of
Titan and Terra, and so presu.nptuous as
to challenge Jupiter himself to combat, for
which Jupiter struck him with a thunderbolt,
and laid him under the island Trinacria.
82. Ægyptia tellus.] The giants under the
command of Typhoeus, made an assault
upon the gods, and pursued them irto E
gypt, where, for fear of Typhoeus, they
turned themselves into various animals ;
thence the Egyptians worshipped a multi
plicity of animals as gods.
86. Duxque gregis. ] A ram. For Jupiter
turned himself into a ram.
88. Delius.] Apollo turned himself into a
Crow. Bacchus, the son of Semele, into a
Goat.
89. Soror Phobi.] Diana, the sister of
Apollo, turned herself into a Cat.
Saturnia .] Juno, the daughter of Saturn,
turned herself into a Cow.
90. Venus.] Of the turning Venus înto a
fish, see Ovid's Fast. II.
Ibidis.] Ibis is a bird like a Stork.
92. Aonides.] The Muses are called upon
to sing. They are called Aonides of Aonia,
a mountainous part of Boeotia.
93. Nec nostris, &c. ] Perhaps you are not
at leisure to attend to our song.
95. Levi in umbrâ.] In a sweet refreshing
shade.
96. Dedimus, &c.] We committed the de
termination of the dispute to one.
97. Immissos capillos. ] Her long hair.
98. Calliope.] One of the Nine Muses ;
who takes her name from her beauty, and C
the sweetness of her voice. For κάλλος
signifies beauty, and was the voice.
99. Percussis nervis.] To the beating of
the strings, the lyre.

EXP. FAB. III. IV. & V. With such fables as are connected with history,
we have little more to do, than to point out the allegories which our poet
 FAB. VL METAMORPHOSEON. 191

has introduced, and to make the applications which he intended to make. 1

By the retreat of the Muses to the court of Pyreneus, and their ill treatment
there, we are to understand that his court was not in the least remarkable
for taste or learning. The challenge given by the daughters of Pierus to
the Muses, points out that he was a very indifferent poet ; and their being
turned into Magpies, that his compositions were frothy, tiresome, and dis
gusting ; and by what was related by his daughters, respecting the expulsion
of the Gods, and their exile in Egypt, we are to understand, that this event
was the subject of one of his compositions.

FAB. VI. PLUTONEM , VENERE INSTIGANTE , VULNERAT CUPIDO.

One ofthe Muses repeats to Minerva the song of Calliope, in answer to the
Pierides ; in which she describes the defeat of the giant Typhoeus, and
fterwards of Pluto's taking a view of the mountains in Sicily, where
Venus persuades her Son to pierce his heart with one of his arrows.

PRIMA Ceres unco glebam dimovit aratro ; Ceres prima dimovit gle
Prima dedit fruges, alimentaque mitia bam unco aratro ; prima de
dit fruges, que mitia alimen
terris : ta terris prima dedit leges.
Prima dedit leges. Cereris sumus omnia munus. Omnia sumus munus Cereris.
Illa canenda mihi est. Utinam modò dicere Illa est canenda mihi. Utinam
possem [est. 5 modò possem dicere carmina
digna Dere ! Dea est certè
Carmina digna Dea ! Certè Dea carmine digna digna carmine. Vasta insula
Vasta giganteis injecta est insula membris Trinacris est injecta gigan
1
Trinacris, et magnis subjectum molibus urget teis membris, et urget magnis
molibus Typhoea subjectum,
Ætherias ausum sperare Typhoëa sedes. ausum sperare ætherias se.
Nititur ille quidem, tentatque resurgere sæpè : des. Ille nititur quidem, ten
Dextra sed Ausonio manus est subjecta Peloro : tatque resurgere sæpè : sed
dextra manus est subjecta Au
Læva, Pachyne, tibi ; Lilybæo crura premun- sonio Peloro ; læva tibi Pa
tur ; 11 chyne ; crura premuntur Ly
Degravat Ætna caput : sub quâ resupinus arenas lybeo ; Etna degravat caput :
sub quâ Typhoeus resupinus
Ejectat, flammamque fero vomit ore Typhoeus
ejectat arenas, que vomit
Sæpè remoliri luctatur pondera terræ ; flammam fero ore. Sæpè luc
tatur remoliri pondera terræ

NOTES.

1. Prima. ] Calliope begins with the praise
of Ceres, who is said to be the daughter of
Saturn and Ops. She first invented tillage,
and found out the use of Corn, and was the
contriver of civil laws.
2. Alimentaque.] Bread-corn, before the
invention of which, men fed upon acorns.
3. Cereris sumus.] She is our patroness.
6. Vasta, &c.] Jupiter having struck the
giant Typhoeus with a thunderbolt, threw
the island of Sicily upon him, lest he should
rise again, and make another attempt upon
heaven.
7. Trinacris.] Gen. idos, Sicily, so called
from its three Capes or Promontories.
Molibus. ] Weights
10. Ausonio Peloro.] On account of its
being next to Ausonia, i. e. Italy. Pelorus
took its name from the admiral of Hanni
bal's fleet, who was buried there.
11. Pachyne. ] A promontory of Sicily,
towards Greece.
Lilybao. A promontory of Sicily, to
wards Africa.
12. Etna.] A very high mountain of Si
cily, whose top continually emits flames.
13. Vomit flammam.] Vomits flames.
14. Sæpè, &c.] He often tries to heave up
the mountain, at which time there are great
earthquakes.
Luctatur.] He endeavours.
192 7 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB . V.

que evolvere oppida et mag- Oppidaque, et magnos evolvere corpore montes .

pos montes corpore. Inde Indè tremit tellus, et Rex pavet ipse silentum,
tellus tremit : et Rex silen
tum ipse pavet, ne solum pa Ne pateat, latoque solum retegatur hiatu, 17
teat que retegatur lato hiatu, Immissusque dies trepidantes terreat umbras.
que dies immissus terreat tre- Hanc metuens cladem tenebrosâ sede tyrannus
pidantes umbras. Tyrannus Exierat : curruque atrorum vectus equorum
metuens hanc cladem, exierat
tenebrosa sede : que vectus Ambibat Siculæ cautus fundamina terræ . 21
curru atrorum equorum am- Postquam exploratum satis est, loca nulla labare,
bibat cautus fundamina Sicu- Depositique metus, videt hunc Erycina vagan
læ terræ. Postquàm est satis tein
exploratum, nulla loca labare, [crem ,
que metus depositi, Erycina Monte suo residens ; natumque amplexa volu
residens suo monte videt hunc Arma manusque meæ, mea, nate, potentia, dixit,
vagantem ; que amplexa na- Illa, quibus superas omnes, cape tela, Cupido,
tum volucrem : dixit, Arma,
que meæ manus, mea poten- Inque Dei pectus celeres molire sagittas, 27 S
a, nate Cupido, cape illa Cui triplicis cessit fortuna novissima regni.
tela quibus superas omnia, Tu Superos, ipsumque Jovem, tu Numina ponti,
que molire celeres sagittas in Victa domas, ipsumque regit qui Numina ponti.
pectus Dei, cui fortuna cessit
novissima triplicis regni . Tu Tartara quid cessant ? Cur non matrisque
domas Superos, que Jovem tuumque 31 E
ipsum, tu victa Numina pon- Imperium profers ? Agitur pars tertia mundi : 0
ti, ipsumque qui regit Numi- Et & tamen in cœlo quoque tanta potentia nostro
na ponti. Quid Tartara ces
sant ? Cur non profers impe. Spernitur : ac mecum vires minuuntur amoris,
rium matrisque, tuumque ? Pallada nonne vides, jaculatricemque Dianam
Tertia pars mundi agitur : Abscessisse mihi ? Cereris quoque filia virgo, 36
et tamen tanta potentia sper- Si patiemur, erit : nam spes affectat easdem.
pitur in nostro cœlo : ac vires
amoris minuuntur mecum. At tu pro socio, si qua est mea gratia regno,
Nonne vides Pallada, que ja- Junge Deam patruo. Dixit Venus. Ille pha
culatricem Dianam abscessisse retram
mihi? Quoque filia Cereris
erit virgo, si patiemur : nam
affectat easdem spes. At tu, si qua est mea gratia pro socio regno, junge Deam patru◊.
Venus dixit. Illẹ a Et tamen in Colo, quæ jam potentia nostra est .
Spernitur :

NOTES.
16. Rex silentum.] Scil. umbrarum rex,
Pluto. The ghosts are called Silentes ; for
the dead have not any voice.
17. Pateat. ] Should open.
Solum.] The earth.
20. Atrorum equorum . ] Black horses ;
for among the Inferi all things are black,
there being perpetual darkness.
21. Ambibat.] He went about.
Fundamina .] The foundations.
( 23. Depositi metus.] Scil. sunt.
Erycina ] Venus : Of Eryx, a mountain
in Sicily, so called from Eryx, her son, who
had dedicated a temple to her on it, and
was afterwards buried there himself : hence,
in the next line, monte suo.
Natumque volucrem. ] Her winged son,
i. e. Cupid.
25. Arma.] Almost in the same manner,
Venus addresses her son Cupid, in Virg.
En. I.
Nate, meæ vires
27. Dei ] Of Pluto. - Pectus 3 The breast.
Molire.] Prepare, make ready.
28. Triplices, &c.] Alluding to the di
vision of the world between Jupiter, Nep
tune, and Pluto.
31. Tartara quid cessant.] Why is not
1 Tartarus reduced? why not added to our
empire ?
32. Agitur, &c.] Is concerned, is at stake,
33. Et tamen.] We not only suffer those
who are in the inferior regions to despise
our power, but we are even insulted in our
own superior regions.
35. Pallada, &c.] Venus explains who
they are that she is most slighted by. For
Pallas and Diana had vowed perpetual vir
ginity. D
36. Cereris filia.] Proserpine, who was T
the daughter of Jupiter and Ceres.
39. Junge Deam patruo.] Join Proser
pine to Pluto , the brother of Jupiter, who
was the father of Proserpine ; therefore
Pluto was her uncle. -Ile. ] Cupid.
 N
FAB. Víl. AM
META OR
MO RPPHHOSEΩ . 193

Solvit, et arbitrio matris de mille sagittis 40 solvit pharetram, et seposuit

Unam seposuit : sed quâ nec acutior ulla,
Nec minus incerta est, nec quæ magis audiat est acutior, nec minùs incer
arcum :
Oppositoque genu curvavit flexile cornu :
Inque cor hamatâ percussit arundine Ditem.
NOTES.
40. Arbitrio matris.] Such as she herself
approved of.
42. Audiat arcum.] Obeyed the bow. A
metaphor, showing the perfection of this
arrow. The poets with great elegance, by
transferring to inanimate beings, enliven their
descriptions.
43. Oppositoque genu.] He set his knee
against the bow to bend, and string it.
Curvavit.] He bent.
unam de mille sagittis arbi
trio matris : sed quâ nec ulla
ta, nec quæ audiat arcum
magis: que curvavit flexile
cornu opposito genu : que
percussit Ditem in cor hama
tâ arundine.
Hamatâ arundine.] A bearded arrow ;
which it must be very difficult to disengage.
Ditem.] Pluto, who by the Greeks is
called ITλouròs, by the Latins Dis, by an
Antiphrasis. Πλουτος is used for the God
of Riches, as well as for riches themselves ; or
he is called Dis, because riches are dug out
of the earth, of which Pluto is called the God.

EXP. FAB. VI. The ancients, from their ignorance of natural history,
were not able to account for the different appearances of nature on any ra
tional foundation, therefore attributed them to some supernatural cause.
Of this we have not a more remarkable instance than that to which they
attributed the burning, and the different eruptions of Mount Etna, and
which Ovid has displayed with all the luxuriance of fancy, in his descrip
tion of the victory of the Gods over Typhoeus.-In the Argument we have
mentioned Pluto's expedition, on which we shall only observe, that as his
taking off Proserpine is one of the most considerable events in fabulous his
tory, Ovid has ushered it in with the greatest pomp and magnificence that
we can suppose the subject could be attended with.

FAB. VII . PROSERPINE RAPTUS. CYANE IN FONTEM . STELLES PUER IN

LACERTAM.

Proserpine is surprised by Pluto in the fields of Enna, from whence he car

ries her off. The nymph Cyane attempts in vain to stop him; upon which,
through grief for the ravished Goddess and her slighted privileges , she
dissolves into a Fountain. Ceres goes every where in search of her daugh
ter, and, in her travels, changes Stellio , for his impertinence, into a Li
zard.

HAUD procul Hennæis lacus est à mœnibus Est lacus altæ aquæ haud
altæ , procul à Hennæis moenibus,
nomine Pergus . Caystros
Nomine Pergus, aquæ. Non illo plura Caystros non audit plura carmina cyc
Carmina cycnorum labentibus audit in undis. norum in labentibus undis
1 Sylva coronat aquas, cingens latus omne, suisque illo. Sylva coronat aquas,
que cingens omne latus suis
NOTES.

1. Haud procùl.] He describes the Lake
Pergus, near which Proserpine was seized
by Pluto, as she and her companions were
gathering flowers.
Hennæis.] Enña a city of Sicily.
2. Caystros.] A river of Ionia, famous
for the great number of swans in it.
Cc
3. Carmina cycnorum.] All the ancient
poets speak much of the singing of swans in
their days, particularly at the approach of
death...
4. Sylva, & c. ] A wood encompasses the
lake.
194 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. V.

frondibus, submovet Phabe- Frondibus ut velo, Phœbeos summovet a ignes.

os ignes ut velo. Rami dant Frigora dant rami, Tyrios humus humida flores.
frigora, humus humida Ty- Perpetuum ver est. Quo dùm Proserpina luco 7
rios flores. Ver est perpetu
um. Quo luco dum Proser- Ludit, et aut violas, aut candida lilia carpit ;
pina ludit, et carpit aut vio- Dùmque puellari studio calathosque sinumque
las aut candida lilia ; dumque Implet, et æquales certat superare legendo ; 10
implet calathosque sirumque Penè simul visa est, dilectaque, raptaque Diti :
puellari studio, et certat supe
rare æquales legendo : penè Usque adeò properatur Amor. Dea territa
simùl visa est, dilectaque, mœsto,
raptaque Diti : Amor usque Et matrem, et comites, sed matrem sæpiùs, ore
adeò properatur. Dea terri
ta clamat et matrem et comi- Clamat ; et ut summâ vestem laniârat ab orâ,
tes, sed matrem sæpiùs, moesto Collecti flores tunicis cecidêre remissis ; 15
ore ; et ut laniârat vestem ab Tantaque simplicitas puerilibus adfuit annis :
summâ orâ, flores collecti ce
cidêre remissis tunicis ; tanta Hæc quoque virgineum movit jactura dolorem.
que simplicitas adfuit pueri- Raptor agit currus, et nomine quemque vocatos
libus annis : hæc quoque jac- Exhortatur equos. Quorum per colla jubasque
tura movit virgineum dolo- Excutit obscurâ tinctas ferrugine habenas : 20
rem. Raptor agit currus, et
exhortatur equos Pervocatos
colla Perque
Stagna lacus altos, ruptâ
Palicorum et olentia sulphure
ferventia fertur
terrâ,
quemque nomine .
jubasque quorum excutit ha- Et quà Bacchiada bimari gens orta Corintho
benas tinctas obscurâ ferrugi- Inter inæquales posuerunt moenia portus.
ne: quefertur per altos lacus et
stagna Palicorum olentia sul- Est medium Cyanes, et Pisææ Arethusa, 25
phure, ferventia terrâ ruptâ, Quod coit angustis inclusum cornibus æquor.
et quâ gens Bacchiada orta Hic fuit, à cujus stagnum quoque nomine dic
bimari Corintho posuerunt
monia inter inæquales por tum est,
tus. Medium æquor est Cy- Inter Sicelidas Cyane celeberrima Nymphas ;
anes et Pisææ Arethusæ, quod
coit inclusum angustis cornibus. Hic Cyane fuit celeberrima inter Sicelidas Nymphas : â
nomine cujus stagnum quoque dictum est,
a ictus. } 2 b uvida.

NOTES.
5. Summovet. ] Bears off. opened again, and two infants sprang out,
Ignes Phœbeos. ] The heat of the sun. which were called Palici.
9. Puellari studio.] With the fondness of Ferventia.] The poet intimates, that there
a girl. were boiling fountains in that place.
12. Dea.] Proserpine. 23. Bacchiadæ.] The Bacchi, deriving
13. Matrem.] Ceres. their original from the daughter of Diony
Mæsto ore. ] With a mournful voice. sius.
14. Ab summâ ora.] From the upper Corintho. ] Corinthus was called Bimaris,
most border. because buildings erected in the Isthmus of
17. Hæc quoque, &c.] The poet here Peloponnese on one side looked toward
very elegantly expresses the Talos of an the Egean sea, and on the other to the
innocent maid, anxious to preserve the flowers Ionian.
she had gathered. 24. Posuerant moenia. ] They built the
Jactura.] The loss of her flowers. city Syracuse.
18.] Agit raptor.] He drives faster. Inæquales portus. ] One is called the great
20. Excutit. ] He shakes: er port, and the other the lesser.
Obscurâ.] A rusty colour like iron. 25. Est medium.] He describes the place
22. Palicorum.] The Palici were the sons where the nymph Cyane would have stopped
of Jupiter and the nymph Thalea, the daugh Pluto, for which she was turned into a foun
ter of Vulcan. They were called Palici, of tain, which is called after her.
Tani înectal, i. c. of coming to life again, Pisææ Arethusæ.] Arethusa is a fountain
when they had been dead. For when the of Sicily near the city Syracuse, which the
nymph Thalea was got with child by Jupiter, poets calls Pisma for it is believed the river
for fear of Juno, she wished the earth might Alpheus, near Pisa, mingling its waters,
swallow her up ; which being done at the falls by a subterraneous passage into the
time of her delivery, the earth afterwards fountain Arethusa
 METAMORPHOSEON , 195
FAB. VII.
Gurgite quæ medio summâ tenûs extitit alvo, quæ extitit summâ alvo tenùs
medio gurgite, agnovitque
Agnovitque Deum. Nec longiùs ibitis, inquit . Deum. Inquit, Nec ibitis
Non potes invitæ Cereris gener esse. Roganda, longiùs. Non potes esse ge
Non rapienda fuit. Quòd si componere magnis ner Cereris invite. Roganda
fuit, non rapienda. Quòd si
Parva mihi fas est : et me dilexit Anapis : fas est mihi componere parva
Exorata tamen , nec, ut hæc, exterrita nupsi. magnis, et Anapis dilexit me :
Dixit : et in partes diversas brachia tendens 35 tamen exorata, nec, ut hæc,
exterrita nupsi. Dixit : et
Obstitit. Haud ultra tenuit Saturnius iram :
tendens brachia in diversas
Terribilesque hortatus equos, in gurgitis ima partes, obstitit . Saturnius
Contortum valido sceptrum regale lacerto haud tenuit iram ultrà : que
Condidit. Icta viam tellus in Tartara fecit, hortatus terribiles equos, con
40 didit regale sceptrum contor
Et pronos currus medio cratere recepit. tum valido lacerto in ima
e
At Cyane, raptamqu Deam, contempt aque fon gurgitis. Tellus icta fecit.
Jura sui morens , inconsolabile vulnus [tis viam in Tartara, et recepit
Mente gerit tacità, lacrymisque absumitur omnis ; pronos currus in medio cra
Et quarum fuerat magnum modò Numen, in illas tere. At Cyane mærens rap
tamque Deam, que jura sui
Extenuatur aquas. Molliri membra videres ; fontis contempta, gerit incon
Ossa pati fluxus ; ungues posuisse rigorem. 46 solabile vulnus tacitâ mente,
Primaque de totâ tenuissima quæque liquescunt ; que omnis absumitur lacry
mis ; et extenuatur in illas
Cærulei crines, digitique, et crura pedesque : aquas quarum modò fuerat
Nam brevis in gelidas membris exilibus undas magnum Numen, Videres
Transitus est. Post hæc tergumque, humerique , membra molliri ; ossa pati
50 fluxus ; ungues posuisse rigo
latusque , rem. Que quæque tenuissima
Pectoraque in tenues abeunt evanida rivos.
liquescunt prima de totâ ; cæ
Denique pro vivo vitiatas sanguine venas rulei crines, digiti, que, et
Lympha subit : restatque nihil quod prendere crura, pedesque ; nam trans
Intereà pavidæ nequicquam filia matri [possis. itus est brevis exilibus mem
bris in gelidas undas. Post
Omnibus est terris, omni quæsita profundo ; hæc tergumque, humerique,
Illam non rutilis veniens Aurora capillis 56 latusque, pectoraque, evanida
Cessantem vidit, non Hesperus . Illa duabus abeunt in tenues rivos. De
nique lympha subit vitiatas
venas pro vivo sanguine : que nihil restat, quod possis prendere. Intereà filia quæsita est
pavidæ matri nequicquam omnibus terris, omni profundo. Aurora veniens rutilis capillis
non videt illam cessantem, non Hesperus. Illa

NOTES.

30. Deum.] Pluto. that out of which a flame proceeds.

31. Componere.] To compare, to liken.
33. Anapis.] A river of Sicily.
36. Saturnius.] Pluto, the son of Saturn.
39. Condidit.] He threw it with such
force, that the sceptre was hidden under
ground.
Icta, &c.] The earth, being struck with
the sceptre, opened so wide, that Pluto's
chariot passed through to the infernal re
gions.
In Tartara.] Tothe infernal regions. Tar
tarus is the lowermost and darkest place of
the infernalregions, so called of relapaxtar,
i. e. because all things are there in perplexity
andconfusion.
40. In medio cratere.] In the middle of
the whirlpool. Crater signifies not only a
vessel but the gaping of the earth, especially
42. Inconsolabile. ] Grief that would ad
mit of no consolation.
45. Omnis ] All, entirely.
46. Fluxus. ] Others write flexus, i. e. to
become flexible.
Posuisse.] To have laid aside.
49. Exilibus membris.] Small members.
51. Evanida.] Vanishing, brought to a
dissolution.
53. Restatque nihil quod prendere possis. ]
There was nothing left of Cyane's body,
which you could grasp with your hands.
54. Filia.] Proserpine.- Matri. ] Ceres.
55. Omni profundo.] All over the sea.
56. Rutilis capillis. ] With her ruddy hair,
Aurora.] The morning.
57. Hesperus.] The evening.
Illa.] Ceres,
196 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. V.

succendit pinus ab flammiferâ Flammiferâ pinus manibus succendit ab Etna ;

Ætna duabus manibus ; que Perque pruinosas tulit irrequieta tenebras.
irrequieta tulit per pruinosas Rursus ubi alma dies hebetârat sidera, natam
tenebras. Rursus quærebat
natam ubi alma dies hebetarat Solis ad occasus, Solis quærebat ab ortu. 61
sidera, ab ortu Solis ad occa- Fessa labore sitim collegerat ; oraque nulli
sus. Fessa labore collegerat Colluerant fontes ; cùm tectam stramine vidit
sitim, que nulli fontes collu
erant ora cùm fortè vidit ca- Fortè casam; parvasque fores pulsavit. At indè
sam tectam stramine,
que Prodit anus, Divamque videt, lymphamque ro
pulsavit parvas fores. At
ganti 65
indè anus prodit, que videt
Divam, que dedit dulce ro- Dulce dedit, tostâ quod coxerat antè polentâ.
ganti lympham, quod antè Dùm bibit illa datum, duri puer oris et audax.
coxerat polentâ tostâ. Dùm Constitit ante Deam; risitque, avidamque voca
illa bibit datum, puer duri vit.
oris et audax constitit ante [tem
Deam ; risitque, que vocavit Offensa est : neque adhuc epotâ parte, loquen
avidam. Diva offensa est ; Cum liquido mistâ perfudit Diva polentâ. 70
neque adhuc epotâ parte, Combibit os maculas, et quà modòbrachia gessit
perfudit loquentem polentâ
mistâ cum liquido. Os com- Crura gerit : cauda est mutatis addita membris,
bibit maculas, et quà modò Inque brevemformam, ne sit vis magna nocendi,
gessit brachia, gerit crura : Contrahitur : parvâque minor mensura lacerta est.
cauda est addita mutatis mem- Mirantem , flentemque, et tangere monstra a pa
bris, que contrahîtur in bre
yem formam , ne sit magna vis rantem [lori
nocendi : quemensura estmi- Fugit anum ; latebramque petit : aptumque co
nor parvâ lacertâ. Fugit anum Nomen habet, variis stellatus corpora guttis.
mirantem, flentemque, et pa
rantem tangere monstra, que petit latebram : et habet nomen aptum colori, stellatus corpora
yariis guttis. a paventem.

NOTES.

58. Ab flammiferâ Ætna. ] From theburn 64. Casam.] A country cottage.

ing mouth of Etna. It was usual, in the
sacrifices of Ceres, to throw about burning
torches, in imitation of Ceres seeking her
daughter.
59. Pruinosas tenebras.] Through the
frosty night.
60. Hebetârat.] Had hid the light of the
stars For when day appears, the stars are
not seen. A metaphor.
Natam.] Her daughter Proserpine.
62. Collegerat sitim.] She had contracted
a thirst.
Oraque, &c.] Had drunk no water. Col
luere os, is properly to wash the mouth.
63. Stramine.] With straw. Stramen is
so called, because, substernitur pecori, it is
strewed under cattle.
Indè.] From that cottage.
65. Prodit.] Comes forth.
Anus.] Misme or Meganira.
Divamque.] Ceres.
66. Dulce.] A sweet drink.
Polenta tostâ.] Dried barley.
67. Duri.] Impudent persons are said to
be duri oris.Puer.] Stelles.
68. Avidamque.] Gluttonous, greedy.
69. Epotâ.] Being drunk up.
71. Combibit.] Contracts.
76. Aptumque .] He is called Stellio, be
cause marked with little stars (stellis.) An
Evet is a little animal, which (as Pliny says)
lives upon the dew.
77. Corpora stellatus. ] Having his body
marked with stars and spots.

FAB. VIII . & IX. ASCALAPHUS IN BUBONEM . SIRENES IN AVES EX

PARTE.

Ceres goes in search of her daughter, in which she was unsuccessful, until
she was informed of her abode by the nymph Arethusa. The Goddess
makes her complaint to Jupiter, who consents to Proserpine's return to the
world, provided she had not eaten any thing since her arrival in Pluto's domi
FAB. VIII. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 197

nions. But information being given by Ascalaphus that she tasted some
of the seeds ofthe Pomegranate, Ceres is disappointed in the expecta
tion she had of seeing her daughter ; and, in her fury, changes the in
former into an owl. The Sirens have wings given them by the Gods, to
enable them with more expedition to go in search of Proserpine : but
Jupiter, to comfort Ceres for her disappointment, consents that her
daughter shall have liberty to remain six months in every year with her
mother upon the earth, and the other six with her husband in hell.

Longa est mora dicere per

QUAS Dea per terras, et quas erraverit un quas terras et quas undas Dea
das,
erraverit : Orbis defuit quæ
Dicere longa mora est : quærenti defuit orbis. renti. Repetit Sicaniam ; dùm
Sicaniam repetit ; dùmque omnia lustrat cundo, que lustrat omnia eundo, ve
Venit et ad Cyanen ; ea, nî mutata fuisset, nit et ad Cyanen ; ea narrâs
set omnia, nî fuisset mutata :
Omnia narrâsset : sed et os et lingua volenti
5 sed et os et lingua non ad
Dicere non aderant ; nec quo loqueretur ha erant volenti dicere ; nec ha
bebat. bebat quo loqueretur. Ta
men dedit manifesta signa,
Signa tamen manifesta dedit, notamque parenti, que ostendit in summis undis
Illo fortè loco delapsam in gurgite sacro, zonam Persephones, notam
Persephones zonam summis ostendit in undis. parenti, delapsam fortè in illo
Quam simul agnovit, tanquam tùm denique loco in sacro gurgite. Quam
agnovit, tanquam tùm
raptam 10 simùl
denique scîsзet raptam, Diva
Scîsset, inornatos laniavit Diva capillos : laniavit inornatos capillos : et
Et repetita suis percussit pectora palmis. percussit repetita pectora suis
Nec scit adhuc ubi sit : terras tamen increpat palmis. Nec scit adhuc ubi
sit : tamen increpat omnes
omnes, terras, vocat ingratas, nec
Ingratas vocat, nec frugum munere dignas : dignas munere frugum : Tri
Trinacriam ante alias, in quâ vestigia damni nacriam ante alias in quâ rep
perit vestigia damni. Ergo
Repperit. Ergo illic sævâ vertentia glebas 16 illic fregit aratra vertentia
Fregit aratra manu ; parilique irata colonos glebas sævâ manu : que irata
Ruricolasque boves letho dedit, arvaque jussit dedit colonos ruricolasque
boves parili letho, que jussit
Fallere depositum, vitiataque semina fecit. arva fallere depositum, que
Fertilitas terræ latum vulgata per orbem 20 fecit semina vitiata. Fertili
tas terræ vulgata jacet cassa per latum orbem :

NOTES.

2. Quærenti.] For when Ceres had tra
versed the earth in search of her daughter,
she returned to Sicily.
3. Sicaniam repetit.] She returned to Si
cily ; so called of king Sicanus.
4. Cyanen.] Of the transformation of Cy
ane. See Fab. VI.
6. Nec, &c.] Nor had she a tongue to
speak.
9. Zonam Persephones.] Proserpine's gir
dle for the same person whom the Latins
call Proserpine, the Greeks call Persephone.
13. Increpat.] She exclaims against.
15. Trinacriam.] Sicily ; so called, because
it had three Promontories.
Vestigia.] That is to say, the girdle.
Damni.] Ofher daughter who was lost.
16. Sævâ manu. ] With a strong and an
gry hand.
17. Parili .] She slew by the same kind of
death . Others read pariterque.
18. Arvaque, &c.] And she commanded
the fields, that they should not return the
seed that had been sown. That is called de
positum, which is left in the custody of any
one, on condition of being restored when
demanded. And what is given to any one
to keep, is said deponi (to be deposited ;)
therefore, this is a figurative and poetical
phrase. Fallere depositum, is as much as to
say, To deceive men, by not rendering the
seed deposited or committed to them.
198 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. V.

segetes morfuntur in primis Cassa jacet: primis segctes moriuntur in herbis :

herbis : et modò nimius Sol, Et modò Sol nimius, nimius modò corripit
modò nimius imber corripit :
imber:
sideraque, ventique nocent ;
que avida volucres legunt Sideraque, ventique nocent ; avidæque volucres
jacta semina : lolium, tribuli- Semina jacta legunt : lolium, tribulique fatigant
que, et inexpugnabile gramen, Triticeas messes, et inexpugnabile gramen. 25
fatig nttriticeas messes. Cùm
Alpheïas extulit caput Eleis Cùm caput Eleis Alpheïas extulit undis ;
undis ; que removit rorantes Rorantesque comas à fronte removit ad aures ;
comas à fronte ad aures : at
que ait : O genitrix virginis Atque ait : O toto quæsitæ virginis orbe,
quæsita toto orbe, et frugum, Et frugum genitrix, immensos siste labores :
siste immensos labores : neve Neve tibi fidæ violenta irascere terræ. 30
violenta irascere terræ fida Terra nihil meruit, patuitque invita rapinæ.
tibi. Terra
tuitque nihilinvita.
rapinæ pa- Nec sum pro patria supplex : huc hospita veni.
meruit, Nec
sum supplex pro patria : veni Pisa mihi patria est : et ab Elide ducimus ortum.
huc hospita. Pisa est patria Sicaniam peregrina colo : sed gratior omni
mihi ; et ducimus ortum ab Hæc mihi terra solo est ; hos nunc Arethusa
Elide. Colo Sicaniam pere
grina : sed hæc terra est gra penates, 35
tior mihi omni solo ; Arethusa Hanc habeo sedem : quam tu, mitissima, serva.
nunc habeo hos Penates, hanc Mota loco cur sim, tantique per æquoris undas
sedem quam tu, mitissima,
serva. Cur sim mota loco, Advehar Ortygiam ; veniet narratibus hora
que advehar Ortygiam per un- Tempestiva meis: cùm tu curisque levata,
das tanti æquoris, tempestiva Et vultûs melioris eris. Mihi pervia tellus 40
hora veniet meis narratibus : Præbet iter, subterque imas ablata cavernas
cùm tu erisque levata curis, et
melioris vultûs. Pervia tellus præbet iter mihi, que ablata subter imas cavernas

NOTES.

21. Cassa.] As of no value, affording no to be present. Cic. Des operam, ut ante Ka

fruit to men.
Segetes.] The sown corn. The poet ele
gantly enumerates all those things by which
standing corn is injured.
22, Sol nimius. Too much dryness, pro
ceeding from the heat ofthe sun.
Imber.] Too much moisture. For rain is
only good for corn while it is in the blade ;
but is injurious to wheat and barley, when
ripe.
23. Sideraque ventique.] The stars seem
to injure the standing corn when they cause
mildew. The winds also, at three certain pe
riods, are injurious to wheat and barley when
in the flower.
24. Semina.] The grain when sown.
Legunt ] Pick up.
Lolium.] Darnel.
Fatigant.] Renders the harvest laborious.
25. Triticeas messes.] The wheat harvest.
Messis is properly the time of reaping and
gathering in the corn, but it is also some
times taken for corn itself.
29. Siste labores.] Leave off your toilsome
search for your daughter. Sistere is to cause
to stop, to repress, as siste gradum, siste la
crymas, Sometimes to give one's company,
lendas sistas.
30. Violenta irascere.] Violently angry.
31. Patuitque invita.] It opened against
its will to give passage to Pluto, who having
stolen Proserpine, was hasting to the infernal
regions.
32. Nec, &c. ] Nor do I supplicate thee in
behalf of my own country. Arethusa says
this, that she might not be suspected of tell
ing a lie.
32. Hospita .] A stranger.
33. Pisa mihi patria est ] Pisa is mycoun
try. Pisa is a town of Arcadia, near the
river Alpheus ; whence Pisæus is derived.
37. Mota loco.] Arethusa was a huntress,
and the companion of Diana. As she was
washing herself in the river Alpheus, he was
so charmed with her beauty, that he endea
voured to detain her, but she fled from him.
Alpheus followed her into Sicily, where she
implored the aid of Diana, who turned her
into a fountain.
38. Ortygiam.] Sicily.
39. Tempestiva hora.] A convenient time.
Levata. ] Freed from.
41. Ablata, &c. ] Carried by subterraneous
passages.
FAB. VIll. METAMORPHOSEON . 199

Hic caput attollo, desuetaque sidera cerno: hic attollo caput, que cerno
desueta sidera. Ergò , dùm
Ergò dùm Stygio sub terris gurgite labor, labor sub terris Stygio gur
Visa tua est oculis, illic, Proserpina nostris. gite, tua Proserpina visa est
Illa quidem tristis, nec adhuc interrita vultu ; 45 illic nostris oculis. Illa qui
Sed regina tamen, sed opaci maxima mundi ; dem tristis, nec adhuc inter
rita vultu ; sed tamen regina,
Sed tamen inferni pollens matrona tyranni. sed maxima opaci mundi ; sed
Mater ad auditas stupuit, ceu saxea, voces, tamen pollens matrona infer
Attonitaque diu similis fuit : utque dolore ni tyranni. Mater, ceu sax
Pulsa gravi gravis est amentia ; curribus auras ea, stupuit ad auditas voces,
Exit in æthereas. Ibì toto nubila vultu 51 que fuit diu similis attonitæ
útque amentia est gravis pul
Antè Jovem passis, stetit invidiosa, capillis. sa gravi dolore ; exit curri
Proque meo a veni supplex tibi , Jupiter, inquit, bus in æthereas auras. Ibi
Sanguine, proque tuo. Si nulla est gratia matris, stetit antè Jovem invidiosa
nubila toto vultu passis capil
Nata patrem moveat : neu sit tibi cura, preca- lis. Que inquit, Jupiter, ve
Vilior illius, quòd nostro est edita partu. [ mur, ni supplex tibi pro meo san
En ! quæsita diu tandem mihi nata reperta est : guine, proque tuo. Si gra
Si reperire vocas, amittere certiùs : aut si 58 tia matris est nulla, nata
moveat patrem : precamur
Scire ubi sit, reperire vocas. Quòd rapta fe neu cura illius sit vilior tibi,
remus, [ marito quòd est edita nostro partu.
Dummodò reddat eam ; neque enim prædone En ! nata diu quæsita mihi
Filia digna tua est, si jam mea filia digna est. tandem est reperta : si vocas
reperire, .certiùs amittere :
Jupiter excepit : Commune est pignus onusque aut si vocas reperire, scire
Nata mihi tecum : sed si modò nomina rebus ubi sit. Feremus quòd rap
Addere vera placet, non hoc injuria factum, ta, dummodò reddat eam :
Verum b amor est ; neque erit nobis gener ille neque enim tua filia est digna
marito prædone, si mea filia
pudori, 65 jam est digna. Jupiter exce
Tu modò Diva velis. Ut desint cætera ; quan- pit : Nata est commune pig
tum est nus onusque mihi tecum : sed
si modò placet addere vera
Esse Jovis fratrem ! Quid, quod nec cætera nomina rebus, hoc factum
desunt, non est injuria, verum amor :
Nec cedit nisi sorte mihi ? Sed tanta cupido neque ille gener erit nobis
pudori, modò tu Diva velis.
Ut cætera desint, quantum est esse fratrem Jovis ! Quid quod nec cætera desunt, nec cedit
mihi nisi sorte ? Sed si tanta cupido
a venio. b honor.

NOTES.
42. Attollo hic caput.] I here lift up my
head.
Desuetaque.] New, which I never saw
while under the earth.
43. Stygio.] So deep that I went under
Tartarus itself. Styx is a river in the infer
nal regions.
46. Opaci mundi. ] Of the infernal, sub
terranean world.
47. Pollens.] Powerful.-Tyranni.] Of
Pluto.
48. Mater.] Ceres.
50. Pulsa.] Stricken, afflicted with great
sorrow.
51. Nubila.] Sad, melancholy.
52. Invidiosa.] That would occasion an
enmity between the brothers, Jupiter and
Pluto.
54. Nata.] Proserpine was the daughter of
Jupiter by Ceres.
Neu sit, &c.] Nor take the less care of
her, because I brought her forth.
58. Si, &c.] q. d. This is rather to lose
than to find.
59. Quòd rapta, &c. ] That she has been
stolen I will patiently bear ; only let Pluto
return her again.
62. Excepit.] Replied.
64. Addere vera nomina.] If you will
distinguish things by proper names, this
rape is no injury, but love.
65. Pudori.] A disgrace.
66. Velis.] Give consent for him to be
our son-in-law.
Desint cætera.] Suppose we grant that
Pluto wants all things else.
68. Nec cedit. ] Nor is Pluto exceeded
in power by any but himself, to whom was
allotted the better part of the world.
200 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. V.

est dissidii tibi, Proserpina Si tibi dissidii est, repetat Proserpina cœlum. ,
repetat cœlum, tamen certâ Lege tamen certâ, si nullos contigit illic 70
lege, si illic contigit nullos
cibos ore : nam sic cautum Ore cibos : nam sic Parcarum fœdere cautum est.
est fœdere Parcarum. Dixe- Dixerat. At Cereri certum est educere natam.
rat. At certum est Cereri e- Non ita fata sinunt. Quoniam jejunia virgo
ducere natam. Fata non si Solverat ; a et cultis dùm simplex errat in hortis,
nunt ita. Quoniam virgo sol
verat jejunia, et dùm simplex Puniceum curvâ decerpserat arbore pomum, 75
errat in hortis, decerpserat Sumptaque pallenti septem de cortice grana
Puniceum pomum curvâ ar- Presserat ore suo. Solusque ex omnibus illud
bore, que presserat ore suo Viderat Ascalaphus : quem quondam dicitur
septem grana sumpta de pal
lenti cortice. Que Ascalaphus Orphne,
solus ex omnibus viderat illud : Inter Avernales haud ignotissima Nymphas,
quem Orphne haud ignotis- Ex Acheronte suo furvis peperisse sub antris.
sima inter Avernales Nym ademit. 81
phas, dicitur quondam peper Vidit ; et indicio reditum crudelis
isse ex Acheronte sub furvis Ingemuit regina Erebi, testemque profanam
antris. Vidit ; et crudelis a- Fecit avem : sparsumque caput Phlegethontide
demit reditum indicio. Regi
lympha, [tit.
na Erebi ingemuit, que fecit
profanam testem avem : que In rostrum, et plumas, et grandia lumina, ver
vertit caput sparsum Phlege- Ille sibi ablatus fulvis amicitur ab alis ; 85
thontide
et plumas, et grandia in rostrum,
lumina. Inque caput crescit, longosque reflectitur ungues,
Ille ablatus sibi, amicitur ab Vixque movet natas per inertia brachia pennas :
fulvis alis : que crescit in caput, Foedaque fit volucris, venturi nuncia luctûs,
que reflectitur longos un- Ignavus bubo, dirum mortalibus omen.
gues, vixque movet pennas na- Hic tamen indicio pœnam linguâque videri 90
tas per inertia brachia : que
fit foeda volucris, nuncia luc
tûs venturi, ignavus bubo, dirum omen mortalibus. Tamen hic potest commeruisse pœnam
indicio linguâque .
a irriguit dum.

NOTES.

69. Dissidii.] Of separation and divorce. 79. Avernales.] Infernal.

Coelum.] The Air.
70. Nullos cibos.] If she has not eaten in
the regions below; for they who taste any
thing there, could not procure leave to re
turn.
71. Nam sic Parcarum.] For so it is in
the decrees of Fate. The Parcæ, or Desti
nies, are the three sisters, Clotho, Lachesis,
and Atropos, the daughters of Night and
Erebus, whose decrees Jupiter himself has
not power to reverse.
72. Dixerat.] sc. Jupiter.
Certum est.] Ceres was sure.
Educere. To bring back her daughter.
74. Solverat jejunia.] Had eaten some
thing.
Simplex.] Innocently, unthinkingly.
75. Curvâ.] Loaded with fruit.
77. Presserat.] Had squeezed.
78. Ascalaphus.] He was the son of A
cheron, by the nymph Orphne, who, for
evidencing that Proserpine had eaten seven
grains of a Pomegranate in Pluto's gardens,
was turned into an Owl.
80. Furvis antris.] In black caves.
82. Regina Erebi.] Proserpine, the
Queen of the regions below ; for Erebus is
a part of hell.- -Profanam,] Accursed,
dreadful.
Phlegethontide.] With the water of Phle
gethon, one of the rivers of Hell, so called
from syèla , i. e. to burn.
85. Ablatus sibi. ] Deprived of his form
and shape.- Amicitur.] Is cloathed, covered.
86. Inque caput crescit ] And made his
head bigger than the rest of his members.
Longosque ungues.] And his long claws
are bent.
88. Fodaque.] Filthy.
Luctûs venturi.] According to the opi
nion of the ancients, the owl was the mes
senger of approaching grief.
89. Ignavus. ] Lazy.
90. Hic. ] Ascalaphus, who was turned
into an owl.
Linguâque.] By his tattling.
FAB. X. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 201

Commeruisse potest. Vobis, Achelöides, undè Achelöides, undè pluma pe

desque
Pluma, pedesque avium, cùm virginis ora gera- ratis oraavium vobis,
virginis ? An cùmquia,
ge
tis ? cùm Pros erpi na et
leger ver
An quia, cùm legeret vernos Proserpina flores, nos flores, sirenes eratis mistæ
In comitum numero mistæ Sirenes eratis ? 94 in numero comitum ? Quam
postquàm quæsistis frustrà in
Quam postquàm toto frustrà quæsistis in orbe, toto orbe, protinùs optâstis
Protinus, ut vestram sentirent æquora curam , posse insistere remis alarum
Posse super fluctus alarum insistere remis super fluctus , ut æquora sen
t ram curam : que
Optâstis : facilesque Deos habuistis ; et artus tiren vest
habuistis faciles Deos ; et vi
Vidistis vestros subitis flavescere pennis. 99 distis vestros artus flavescere
Ne tamen ille canor mulcendas natus ad aures , subitis pennis. Tamen ne ille
canor natus ad mulcendas au
Tantaque dos oris linguæ deperderet usum :
res, que tanta dos oris deper
Virginei vultus , et vox humana remansit. deret usum linguæ ; virginei
vultus, et humana vox re
mansit.
NOTES.
91. Acheloides.] The Sirens, the daugh wings.
ters of Achelous and Melpomene. Ache 98. Facilesque.] Kind. As they granted
lous is a river of Calydonia, the son of what you asked.
Oceanus and Tethys, who fought with Her 100. Ne tamen, &c.] The cause why the
cules for Dejanira, but was overcome. Sirens were not totally turned into birds, but
92. Ora virginis .] The face of a virgin. retained their virgin countenance.
96. Protinùs, &c.] Wished that ye might Canor.] The faculty of singing, which was
also seek Proserpine by sea. natural to them.
97. Remis alarum.] By the support of Ad mulcendas ] To delight.

EXP. FAB. VII. VIII. and x. The rape of Proserpine, which is held
in such estimation in the Heathen mythology, was designed to commemo
rate a great famine in Greece, in the reign of Erechtheus. The Athenians,
who were under the necessity of going into Egypt to buy corn, brought
from thence the worship paid to the deity of the Egyptians, who presided
over agriculture. This was soon adopted by the Athenians, in expectation
that it would protect them from the like calamity for the future. The Itali
ans having received the rites of Ceres or Isis, somewhat earlier than the
Athenians, gave occasion to its being said, that they came from Sicily to
Athens. The loss which Ceres had in her daughter, we must understand,
was the want of fruit and corn, which her name implies ; and her confine
ment in hell, to signify the unprofitable retention of the seed in the earth .
But on this calamity ceasing, it was said that Jupiter had compromised all
differences between Pluto and Ceres, by his permitting her daughter to re
side with her six months of the year, and the other six with Pluto, figura
tively implying the time the seed is concealed in the earth, and its return in
harvest. Ascalaphus being turned into an owl, is rewarded for his busy infor
mation. The others that are mentioned, arose from the affinity of their
names to the things they were changed to, which Ovid's genius could not
resist.

FAB . X. ARETHUSA NYMPHA IN FONTEM SIBI COGNOMINEM.

The Muse continues the rehearsal of the song, in which is related the satis
faction Ceres declared at Jupiter's decree respecting her daughter. Be
ing thus pacified, she returns to Arethusa, to inquire of her the history
of her adventures. The Nymph entertains the Goddess with the love of
Alpheus, and his pursuit of her ; to avoid whom she implored the assis
tance of Diana, who changed her into a fountain.
D d
 202 P. OVIDII NASONIS: LIB. V.

At Jupiter medius sui fra AT medius fratrisque sui, mostæque sororis,

trisque mostrque sororis, di- Jupiter, ex æquo volventem dividit annum,
vidit volventem annum. ex
quo. Nune Dea, Numen Nure Dea, regnorum Numen commune duorum,
commune duorum regnorum Cum matre est totidem, totidem cum conjuge
est totidem menses cum ma menses.
tre, totidem menses cum con- Verittur extemplò facies et mentis et oris ; 5
juge. Extemplò facies et
mentis et oris vertitur ; nam Nam, modò quæ poterat Diti quoque mosta
frons Deæ, quæ modò pote videri,
rat videri mæsta quoque Læta Dea frons est : ut, Sol, qui tectus aquosis
Diti, est læta; ut Solqui antè
tectus fuit aquosis nubibus; Nubibus antè fuit, victis ubi nubibus exit.
abi exit nubibus victis. Alma Exigit alma Ceres, natâ secura a recepta,
Ceres, secura natâ receptâ, Quæ tibi causa viæ ? Cur sis, Arethusa, sacer
exigit, Quæ causa viæ tibi ?
fons ? 10
Cur, Arethusa, sis sacer fons?
Undæ conticuêre : Dea qua- Conticuêre undæ : quarum Dea sustulit alto
rum sustulit caput alto fonte : Fonte caput : viridesque manu siccata capillos,
que siccata virides capillos Fluminis Elei veteres narravit amores. [dixit,
manu, narravit veteres amo
res fluminis Elei. Dixit, Ego Pars ego Nympharum, quae sunt in Achaïde,
fai una pars Nympharum, Una fui ; nec me studiosiùs altera saltus [est,
quæ sunt in Achalde, nec al- Legit, nec posuit studiosiùs altera casses,
tera legit saltus studiosiùs
me, nec altera posuit casses Sed quamvis formæ nunquam mihi fomi fama petita
studiosiùs. Sed quamvis fama Quamvis fortis eram, formosæ nomen habebam.
formæ nunquam est petita mi Nec mea me facies nimiùm laudata juvabat.
hi, quamvis eram fortis, ha- Quâque aliæ gaudere solent, ego rustica dote 20
bebam nomen formosa. Nec
mea facies nimi m laudata Corporis erubui ; crimenque placere putavi.
juvabat me Quaque alia Lassa revertebar (memini) Stymphalide sylvâ :
solent gaudere, ego rustica Estus erat, magnumque labor geminaverat æs
erubui dote corporis ; que
tum . 1
putavi crimen placere. Lassa
revertebar (memini) Stymphalide sylva : erat æstus, que labor geminaverat magnum
@stum. a repertâ.

NOTES.

1. Medius.] Jupiter being an arbitrator 9. Exigit.] Requires.

between his brother Pluto and his sister
Ceres, that he might not displease either,
divided the year equally ; so that Proserpinę
was to be six months with her mother, and
as many with her husband.
2. Ex æquo.] He distributed into two
equal parts.
3. Duorum regnorum:] Of that below.
and that above. For as long as Proserpine is
with her mother, she is in the superior king
dom; and so long as she is with Pluto, she is
said to reign in the inferior kingdom. This
fable was invented, because the moon, which
is the same as Proserpine, shines as long
above the earth, as she seems to lie hid
under it.
5. Vertitur.] Is turned, is changed, i. e. is
of a better countenance.
Facies. The aspect.
7. Dex.] Of Proserpine.
8. Vietis ] Dissipated. The clouds are
said to be dispersed by the sun, when they are
dissolved.
Secura ] Easy with regard to her daugh
ter's fate.
10. Sacer.] All fountains are said to be
consecrated to some particular nymph.
14. Achaïde.] In Achaia.
15. Saltus.] The forests.
16. Legit.] Chase or traverse.
Posuit casses.] Spread the nets. By
which Arethusa signifies that she was´ an
huntress.
17. Sed, &c.] Although I never sought
for fame and glory for my beauty.
18. Formosa.] sc. Tamen.
19. Juvabat.] Did delight.
20. Quâque, &c. ] I was ashamed of my
beauty, of which other nymphs are proud ;
and I thought it a crime to endeavour to
please. ·
22. Stymphalide sylvâ.] I turned out of
the wood near Stymphalus, which is a
mountain and city of Arcadia, in Pela
ponnese.
 AB. X. METAMORPHOSEON. 200

Invenio sinè vortice aquas, sinèmurmure euntes, Invenio aquas euntes perspi
cuas sine vortice, sinè mur
Perspicuas, imo per quas numerabilis alto 25 mure, per quas omnis calcu
Calculus omnis erat ; quâs tu vix ire putares. lus erat numerabilis alto imo
Cana salicta dabant, nutritaque populus undâ, quâs tu putares vix ire. Cana
Sponte suâ natas ripis declivibus umbras. salicta, que populus nutrita
undâ, dabant umbras natus
Accessi ; primùmque pedis vestigia tinxi : suâ spoute declivibus ripis.
Poplite deindè tenùs. Neque eo contenta, re- Accessi : que primùm tinxi
cingor : 30 vestigia pedis : deindè poplite
tenùs. Neque contenta eo,
Molliaque impono salici velamina curvæ, recingor: que impono mollia
Nudaque mergor aquis. Quas dùm ferioque velamina curvæ salici, que
trahoque nudą mergor in aquis. Quas
trahcque
Mille modis fabens , excussaque brachia jacto ; mille modis, que labens
jacto excus
Nescio quod medio sensi sub gurgite murmur : sa brachia ; sensi nescio quod
Territaque insisto propioris margine ripæ. 35 murmur sub medio gurgite :
Quò properas Arethusa ? Suis Alpheus ab undis, que territa insisto margine
Quò properas ? Iterum rauco mihi dixerat ore. propioris ripe . Arethusa que
properas ? Quò properas ? Al
Sicut eram, fugio sinè vestibus ; altera vestes pheus dixerat mihi iterumrau
Ripameas habuit. Tanto magis instat, et ardet; co ore ab suis undis. Sicut
Et quia nuda fui, sum visa paratior illi. 40 eram, fugio sinè vestibus ; als
tera habuit meas vestes.
Sic ego currebam ; sic me ferus ille premebat, Tanto magis instat et ardets
Ut fugere accipitrem pennà trepidante columbæ, et quia fui nudą, visa sum
Ut solet accipiter trepidas agitare columbas, paratior illi. Sic ego curre
Usque sub Orchomenon, Psophidaque, Cylle- bam; sie ille ferus premebat
me, et columbæ fugere acci
nenque, [ et Elin, pitrem trepidante pennâ, ut
Mænaliosque sinus, gelidumque Erymanthon, accipiter solet agitare trepi
Currere sustinui. Nec me velocior ille, 46 das columbas. Sustinui cur
rere usque sub Orchomenon,
Sed tolerare diu cursus ego, viribus impar, Psophidaque, Cyllenenque,
Non poteram longi patiens erat ille laboris. Manaliosque sinus, que geli
Per tamen et campos, per opertos arbore montes, dum Erymauthon et Elin,
Saxa quoque, et rupes, et quà via nulla, cucurri. Nec ille velocior me. Sed
Sol erat à tergo : vidi præcedere longam 51 ego impar viribus non pote
ram tolerare cursus diu : ille
erat patiens laboris. Tamen
cucurri per campos, per montes opertos arbore, quoque saxa et rupes, et quà nulla via. Sol
erat à tergo : vidi longam umbram præcedere

NOTES.

24. Sine vortice.] Without any turning.
25. Perspicuas.] Clear.
Numerabilis.] Might be so esteemed for
the clearness ofthe waters.
* tudes the swiftness of Arethusa fleeing, and
26. Ire.] To flow.
30. Poplite.] Unto the knee,
33. Mille modis. ] By various manners.
A finite number for an infinite.
Labens.] Swimming.
Excussa.] Stretched out.
36. Alpheus.] A river of Elis.
37. Quò properas.] An Anaphora.
Rauco ore.] With a hoarse voice ; like the
murmur of flowing waters, *
38. Altera ripa.] The reason why she fled
without her clothes ; for they were left on the
other side ofthe river.
40. Paratior ] More open to his attacks
41. Premebat ] He pressed, followed me
close.
42. Fugere.] sc. solent. By these simili,
Alpheus pursuing her, is beautifully repre
sented.
44. Orchomenon, &c.] Cities of Arcadia,
not far from Mantinea.
Cyllenenque.] A mountain of Arcadia
where Mercury was born, thence called Cyl
lenius.
45. Mænaliosque. ] A mountain of Arca
dia, sacred to Pan.
Erymanthon. A mountain and wood of
Arcadia ; also a river flowing into, Alpheus.
Elin.] A town in Arcadia,
51. Sol erat à tergo.] The sun was behind
me; and therefore cast theshadows befor eme
204 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. V.

pedes
timor vi- Antècertè
antè pedes ; nisicertè umbrampedum
; nisi timor illa videbat:
debat illa. Sed terre Sed sonitùque terrebar ; et ingens
bar sonitù pedum ; et ingens
anhelitus oris afflabat crinales Crinales vittas afflabat anhelitus oris. [quam,
vittas. Fessa labore fuga, Fessa labore fuga, Fer opem, deprendimur, in
inquam, Dictyna, deprendi- Armigeræ, Dictynâ, tuæ : cui sæpe dedisti 56
mur; fer opem tuæ ármigeræ;
cui sæpè dedisti ferre tuos ar Ferre tuos arcus, inclusaque tela pharetrâ.'
cus, que tela inclusa phare- Mota Dea est ; spissisque ferens è nubibus unam
trâ. Dea est mota : que fe- Me super injecit. Lustrat caligine tectam
rens unam è spissis nubibus,
injecit super me. Amnis lus. Amnis ; et ignarus circùm cava nubila quærit.
trat tectam caligine ; et ig- Bisque locum, quq me Dea texerat, inscius am
narus quærit circùm cava nu bit :
bila. Que inscius, ambit lo- Et bis, Io Arethusa, Io Arethusa, vocavit.
cum bis, quo Dea texerat me :
et bis vocavit, Io Arethusa, Quid mihi tunc animi misere fuit? Anne quod
Io Arethusa. Quid animi fu agnæ est,
it tunc mihi miseræ ? Anne Si qua lupos audit circùm stabula alta frementes ?
quod est agnæ, si qua audit Aut lepori, qui vepre latens hostilia cernit 65
Jupos frementes circùm alta
stabula ? Aut lepori, qui la Ora canum, nullosque audet dare corpore motus ?
tens vepre cernit hostilia ora Non tamen abscedit ; neque enim vestigia cernit
canum, que audet dare nullos Longiùs e ulla pedum. Servat nubemque lo
motus corpore ? Tamen non
abscedit : neque enim cernit cumque.
longiùs ulla vestigia pedum. Occupat obsessos sudor mihi frigidus artus ;
Servat nubemque locumque. Coeruleæque cadunt toto de corpore guttæ. 70
Frigidus sudor occupat artus Quaque pedem movi, manat lacus ; eque capillis
obsessos mihi, que cœruleæ
gutta cadunt de toto corpore. Ros cadit, et citiùs, quàm nunc tibi ↳ fata re
Quaque movi pedem, lacus narro,
manat : que ros cadit e ca- In laticem mutor, Sed enim cognoscit amatas
pillis : et mutor in laticem, Amnis aquas, positoque viri, quod sumpserat,
citiùs quàm renarro fata tibį.
Sed enim amnis cognoscit a ore, 74
matas aquas, que ore viri po- Vertitur in proprias, ut se mihi misceat, undas:
sito, quod sumpserat, vertitur Delia rumpit humum. Cocis ego mersa cavernis
in proprias undas, ut misceat Advehor Ortygiam ; quæ me cognomine Divæ,
se mihi. Delia rumpit hu
mum. Ego mersa cœcis ca Grata meæ superas eduxit prima sub auras.
vernis advehor Ortygiam ;
quæ grata cognomine mca Divæ, prima eduxit me sub superas auras.
a ne pedum. bfacta.
-Del

NOTES

52. Nisi. ] Unless being in a fright, I fan
cied I saw a shadow.
55. Fessa,] Spent with the fatigue of my
flight, I begged of Diana to help me.
Deprendimur.] I am caught. Deprehen
di is properly used for the apprehending per
sons who have done some ill thing.
56. Armigeræ tuæ.] To your armour
bearer.
57. Ferre.] To carry.
58. Dea.] Diana.
59. Me super] An apostrophe.
Lustrat.] Goes round about me.
60.] Ignarus. ] Not knowing where I was,
1
$ nd Iq Arethusa ]18 An Anaphora,
62.
$ **
65. Latens vepre.] Hidden in a busk.
67. Abscedit. ] sc. Alpheus.
68. Servat.] He watches.
69. Frigidus sudor.] A cold sweat, pro
ceeding from fear.
73. Laticem,] Water.
74. Positoque viri. ] Having laid aside his1
manly form and shape.
76. Delia ] Diana, who was born in the
isle of Delos.
Cocis cavernis ] In dark caverns of the
earth.
77. Diva.] Of Diana ; for Diana is nam
ed Delia and Ortygia, from the same island.
FAB. XI. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 20,5

Ex. FAB. X. The circumstance which gave birth to this Fable was, that
in Sicily there was a fountain called by the inhabitants Arethusa ; but the
Phoenicians coming to settle there, possessed the same, and give it the
name of Alpheus, which in both languages, signified the Fountain of
Willows. On this are founded the loves of Alpheus and Arethusa, so finely
displayed by Ovid.

FAB. XI. LYNCUS REX IN LYNCEM .

Ceres, for the better propagating the knowledge of Husbandry, dispatches

Triptolemus, with orders, every where to cultivate the earth : the Prince
obeys her, and after traversing both Europe and Africa, arrives in
Scythia, where Lynceus reigned ; who being envious that so great a
kindness should be attributed to the messenger of Ceres, attempted to
kill him, that he himself might have the honour, but in the instant of
putting his wicked design into execution, he is changed into a Lynx .
The Muse finishes the song, with the metamorphosis of the Pierides into
Magpies, for their contention with the Muses.

HAC Arethusa tenùs. Geminos Dea fertilis Hactenùs Arethusa . Ferti

lis Dea admovit geminos au
angues gues curribus ; que coërcuit
Curribus admovit ; frænisque coêrcuit ora : ora frænis et vecta est per
Et medium cœli terræque per aëra vecta est. medium aëra cœli terræque :
Atque levem currum Tritonida misit in arcem atque misit levem currum
Triptolemo in Tritonida ar
Triptolemo ; partimque rudi data semina jussit cem ; et jussit spargere data
Spargere humo, partim post tempora longa semina huino partim rudi,
recultæ. 6 partim recultæ post longa
Jam super Europen sublimis, et Asida terras tempora. Jam juvenis erat
vectus sublimis super terras
Vectus erat juvenis ; Scythicas advertitur oraş. Europen et Asida ; advertitur
Rex ibi Lyncus erat. Regis subit ille penates. Scythicas oras, Lyncus erat
Quæ veniat, causamque viæ, nomenque rogatus, rex ibi. Ille subit penates re
Et patriam, Patris est claræ mihi, dixit, Athenæ ; gis. Rogatus quà veniat, cau
samque viæ, nomenque, et
Triptolemus nomen. Veni nec puppe per undas, patriam, dixit, Claræ Athe
Nec pede per terras ; patuit mihi pervius æther. næ est patria mihi : nomen
Dona fero Cereris : latos quæ sparsa per agros est Triptolemus. Veni nec
Frugiferas messes, alimentaque mitia reddant. puppe, per undas, nec pede
per terras pervius æther pa
Barbarus invidit, tantique ut muneris auctor 16 tuit mihi. Fero dona Cereris ;
Ipse sit ; hospitio recipit : somnoque gravatum quæ sparsa per latos agros,
reddant frugiferas messes, que
mitia alimenta. Barbarus in
vidit, ut ipse sit auctor tanti muneris ; recipit hospitio ; que

NOTES.

1. Hac.] Thus far Arethusa had spoken. Untilled.

Dea ] Ceres, the goddess of fruitfulness. 6. Recultæ.] Fallow, or which is tilled
4. Tritonida arcem. ] Athens, called Tri every second or third year.
tonida, of Pallas, to whom the city was dedi 7. Asida.] Asia.
cated. See Book VII. ver. 1. 8. Juvenis.] Triptolemus.
5. Triptolemo.] Triptolemushavinglearned Scythicas oras.] To the north. For the
of Ceres the art of sowing corn, received Scythians are a northern people.
of her a chariot, which was drawn by wing 10. Quà veniat. ] Through what places,
ed dragons ; in which, being carried over and how, he came.
both sea and land, he taught mankind the 13. Pervius æther.] The penetrable air.
new art of tilling the ground-Rudi .] 14, Dona Cereris.] Corn.
206 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. V.

aggreditur gravatum somno Aggreditur ferro : Conantem figere pectus

ferro. Ceres fecit conantem Lynca Ceres fecit : rursusque per aëra misit
figere pectus lynca : rursus
que misit Mopsopium juve- Mopsopium juvenem sacros agitare jugales. 20
uem per aëra agitare sacros Finierat dictos è nobis maxima cantus.
Maxima nobis fini- At Nymphæ vicisse Deas Helicona colentes
erat dictos cantus. è At Nym- Concordi dixêre sono. Convicia victæ
jugales.
phæ dixêre concordi sono,
Deas colentes Helicona vicis- Cùm jacerent, Quoniam, dixit, certamine vobis
se. Cùm victa jacerent con- Supplicium meruisse parum est, maledictaque
vicia, Quoniam, dixit, parum 25
est vobis meruisse supplicium culpæ
certamine, que additis male- Additis, et non est patientia libera nobis ;
dicta culpa, et patientia non Ibimus in pœnas ; et, quà vocat ira, sequemur.
est libera nobis ; ibimus in Rident Emathides, spernuntque minacia verba;
pœnas : et sequemur qua ira
vocat. Emathides rident, sper- Conatæque loqui, et mâgno clamore protervas
puntque minacia verba ; co- Intentare manus, pennas exire per ungues 30
nataque loqui, et intentare Aspexêre suos, operiri brachia plumis :
protervas manuspennas
more, aspexère cla Alteraque alterius rigido concrescere rostro
magnoexire
per suos ungues, brachia ope- Ora vident, volucresque novas accedere sylvis.
riri plumis : alteraque vident Dùmque volunt plangi ; per brachia mota levatæ
ora alterius concrescere rigi- Aëre pendebant, nemorum convicia, picæ. 35
do rostro, que novas volucres
accedere sylvis. Dùmque vo- Nuncquoque in alitibus facundia priscaremansit,
lunt plangi ; levatæ per bra. Raucaque garrulitas, studiumque immane lo
chia mota pendebant aëre,
picæ, convicia nemorum . quendi,
Nunc quoque prisca facundia
remansit in alitibus, raucaque garrulitas, que immane studium loquendi.
NOTES.
18, Ferro ] With a sword. these revilings.
Figere.] To pierce. 27. Ibimus in pœnas.] We shall proceed
19. Lynca.] A Greek accusative. A Lynx to punishment.
is a spotted beast dedicated to Bacchus. 28. Emathides.] The grand-daughters of
20. Mopsopium.] Triptolemus was an Peon. For Evippe was the mother of Peon.
Athenian. Mopsopus, or Mopsius, reigned Spernuntque.] They despise.
anciently at Athens. 30. Intentare manus.] To make frequent
Jugales.] The dragons yoked together. attempts upon us, as persons who threaten
21. Maxima.] Calliope, to whom we com others use to do.
mitted the decision of the controversy, as was 33. Accedere.] To be added, to be joined
said above. to.
22. Nymphæ.] The Naiades, who were to 34. Dùmque plangi.] And while they
decide the controversy. would beat their breasts with their hands, they
Deas, &c.] The Muses inhabiting Mount hang in the air.
Helicon. 35. Convicia nemorum.] The reproach of
23. Concordi sono. ] By the joint opinion the woods.
of all. 36. Facundia prisca.] Their former talka
Victæ.] The daughters of Pierus. tiveness.
24. Dixit .] sc. Calliope. 37. Studiumque immane.] An extraordi
23. Maledictaque. ] Reproaches, revilings. nary love for prating.
26. Non est patientia.] We cannot bear
EXP. FAB. XI. In the allegory of this fable, we have most beautifully
laid before us, the fondness and attention that was paid to agriculture, by
the reception of Triptolemus, whom the goddess Ceres dispatched for the
purpose of instructing mankind in a knowledge so useful and necessary, 4
and which was only rejected by the Scythians, a people remarkable for an "
unhumanised disposition. From the metamorphosis of the Pierides may be a
collected the deserts of presuming pretenders to taste and knowledge, who
with no better foundation, than the Magpies' pretensions to harmony and
seng, go on to display their impudence and ignorance.
 ( 207 )
1

P. OVIDII NASONIS

METAMORPHOSEON,

LIBER VI.

FAB. I. & II. MINERVA IN ANUM. ARACHNE IN ARANEAM.

THE ARGUMENT.

Arachne, presuming too much on the knowledge of her art, challenges

Minerva to contend with her. The goddess accepts the challenge, and,
enraged at her presumption, strikes her with her shuttle ; upon which,
the disgusted Arachne hangs herself; but Minerva, touched with com
passion, as she had been instructed by her, transforms her into a spider.
PRÆBUERAT dictis Tritonia talibus aurem ; Tritonia præbuerat ' aurem
Aonidumdictis
Carminaque Aonidum, justamque proba- talibus ;
, que probaverat jus
verat iram. tam iram. Tùm dixit secum,
Tùm secum, Laudare parum est ; laudemur et ipsæ : Parum est laudare vindictam
Numina nec sperni sinè pœnâ nostra sinamus. aliorum ; etiam nos ipsæ lau
Mæoniæque animum fatis intendit Arachnes; 5 demur ob similem : nec sina
mus nostra Numina sperni
Quam sibi lanificæ non cedere laudibus artis sinè pœnâ. Que intendit ani
Audierat. Non illa loco, nec origine gentis mum fatis Mæoniæ Arachnes :
Clara, sed arte, fuit. Pater huic Colophonius laudibus
quam audierat non cedere sibi
lanificæ artis. Illa
Idmon,
non fuit clara loco nec origine
Phocaïco bibulas tingebat murice lanas. 9 gentis, sed arte. Colophonius
Occiderat mater ; sed et hæc de plebe, suoque Idmon pater huic, tingebat
bibulas lanas Phocaïco mu
rice. Mater occiderat; sed et hæc fuit de plebe,

NOTES.

1. Præbuerat. Minerva having heard the
contention of the Muses with the daughters
of Pierus, considered . what punishment she
should inflict upon Arachne, the Lydian
maid, who boasted that she was a better artist
at manufacturing wool than . Minerva.
Tritonia.] Minerva was so called of Tri
ton, a river of Boeotia, where she first ap
peared in a virgin's habit.
2. Probaverat.] She approved.
3. Tùm secum.] sc. dixit, or locuta est.
Laudare parum.] It is not enough to praise
others, unless we ourselves be praised.
6. Lanificæ.] Of working wool,
7. Loca ] So Sall. Natus haud obscure
loco. Locus is often taken for birth or de
scent ; but is properly said of that which con
tains any thing.
8. Colophonius.] A city of Lydia, famous
for the oracle of Apollo.
9. Murice.]. The Murex is a fish, of whose
Blood & purple colour is made.
 SONIS
P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VI.
208

aqua suo viro. Tamen illa qua viro fuerat. Lydas tamen illa per urbes
quæsierat memorabile nomen Quæsierat studio nomen memorabile ; quamvis
studio per Lydas urbes. Quam
vìs orta parvá domo, habitabat Orta domo parvâ, parvis habitabat Hypæpis.
parvis Hypæpis. Nympha Hujus ut aspicerent opus admirabile, sæpè
deseruêre sæpe vineta sui Ty- Deseruêre sui Nymphæ vineta Tymoli ; 15
moli : ut aspicerent admira- Deseruêre suas Nymphæ Pactolides undas.
bile opus hujus : Pactolides
Nymphæ deseruêre suas un Nec factas solùm vestes spectare juvabat ;
das. Nec juvabat solùm spec- Tùm quoque, cùm fierent, Tantus decor affuit arti.
tare factas vestes : tùm quoque Sivè rudein primos lanam glomerabat in orbes : ↓
cùm fierent, Tantus decor af- Seu digitis subigebat opus ; repetitaque longo
fuit arti. Sivè glomerabat ru
dem lanam in primos orbes : Vellera mollibat nebulas æquantia tractu. 21
seu subigebat opus digitis ; Sivè levi teretem versabat pollice fusum ;
que mollibat
longo repetita Seu pingebat acu ; scires à Pallade doctam.
vellera nebulas.
tractu æquantia
Sive versabat teretem fusum Quod tamen ipsa negat : tantâque offensa ma
levi pollice ; seu pingebat acu ; gistrâ, [sem.
scires doctam à Pallade. Quod Certet, ait, mecum ; nihil est quod victa recu
tamen ipsa negat : que offensa Pallas anum simulat : falsosque in tempora canos
tantâ magistrâ, ait, Certet
mecum ; victa nihil est quod Addit, et infirmos baculo quoque sustinet artus. 2
recusem. Pallas simulat anum: Tùm sic orsa loqui : Non omnia grandior ætas,
que addit
pora, falsosecanos
et quoqu sustininettem-
in Quæfugiamus, habet. Seris venit usus ab annis.
firmos artus baculo. Tùm sic Consilium ne sperne meum. Tibi fama petatur
orsa loqui : Grandior ætas non Inter mortales faciendæ maxima lanæ. 31
habet omnia quæ fugiamus. Cede Deæ : veniamque tuis temeraria dictis
Usus venit ab seris annis. Ne
sperne meum consilium. Max- Supplice voce roga. Veniam dabit illa roganti.
ima fama faciendæ lanæ peta- Aspicit hanc torvis, inceptaque fila relinquit ;
tur tibi inter mortales . Cede Vixque manum retinens, confessaque vultibus
Deæ : que temeraria , roga iram , 35
veniam tuis dictis supplice Talibus obscuram resecuta est Pallada dictis :
voce. Illa dabit veniam ro
ganti. Aspicit hanc torvis Mentis inops, longâque venis confecta senectâ :
oculis, que relinquit incepta Et nimiùm vixisse diù nocet. Audiat istas,
fila; vixque retinens manum,
confessaque iram vultibus, re
secuta est obscuram Pallada talibus dictis ; inops mentis, que confecta venis longâ senectâ :
et nocet vixisse nimiùm diù.

NOTES.

11. Equa.] Equal, fit. a spear ; waλλs , signifies to shake.

12. Quæsierat studio.] Had got by her
industry.
15. Tymoli.] Of Tymolus, a mountain of
Lydia, planted with vines.
16. Pactolides.] Pactolus, a river of Ly
dia, famous for golden sands,
20. Longo tractu. ] A great length. For
the wool was drawn out so fine, that it seem
ed to be a cloud.
21. Mollibat.] Made soft.
22. Versabat. ] Did twist, i. e. made
threads.
23. Scires.] You might know.
24. Tantâ magistrâ. ] So great a mistress.
Offensa. ] Disdaining.
25. Nihil, &c. ] There is no punishment I
will object to suffer, if I am overcome.
26. Pallas So called from the shaking of
Falsos ue.] Dissembled.
27. Infirmos artus.] Her feeble limbs.
28. Grandior ætas.] Old age.
29. Usus.] Experience.
32. Cede Dex.] Do not contend with the
goddess Pallas.
34, Torvis.] sc. Oculis.
35. Vixque manum retinens.] Scarce re
fraining from beating the goddess,
Confessaque.] Expressing indignation by
a change of countenance.
36. Obscuram .] Disguised under another
form.Resecuta .] She answered.
37. Mentis inops. Foolish and mad.
Confecta.] Spent, deprived of all vigour
both of body and mind.
38. Nimiùm vixisse.] Signifies that she
doated .
 FAB. 11. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 209

Si qua tibi nurus est, si qua est tibi filia, voces. Si qua nurus est tibi, si qua
filia est tibi, audiat istas voces.
Consilii satis est in me mihi ; neve monendo 40 Satis consilii mihi est in me ;
Profecisse putes : eadem sententia nobis. neve putes profecisse monen
Cur non ipsa venit ; cur hæc certamina vitat? do : eadem sententia est nobis
Tum Dea, Venit, ait ; formamque removit ani- Cur ipsa non venit ; cur vitat
hæc certamina ? Tùm Dea
lem ; [ Nymphæ, ait, Venit ; que removit ani
Palladaque exhibuit. Venerantur Numina lem formam ; que exhibuit.
Mygdonidesque nurus. Sola est non territa virgo. Pallada. Nymphæ, Mygdo➡
Sed tamen erubuit ; subitusque invita notavit 46 nidesque nurus venerantur
Numina. Virgo sola non est
Ora rubor : rursusque evanuit. Ut solet aër territa, sed tamen erubuit :
Purpureus fieri, cùm primùm Aurora movetur ; que subitus rubor notavit in
Et, breve post tempus, candescere Solis ab ictu. vita ora rursusque evanuit
Perstat in incepto, stolidæque cupidine palmæ cùm Ut aër solet fieri purpureus,
primùm Aurora move-,
In sua fata ruit. Neque enim Jove nata recusat ; tur ; et post breve tempus
Nec monet ulteriùs : nec jam certamina differt. candescere ab ictu Solis. Per
Haud mora : a constituunt diversis partibus ambæ, stat in incepto, que cupidine
Et gracili geminas intendunt stamine telas. stolidæ palmæ, ruit in sua fata.
Tela jugo vincta est ; stamen secernit arundo : Neque enim nata Jove recu
sat ; nec monet ulteriùs : nec
Inseritur medium radiis subtemen acutis ; 56 jam differt certamina.
Haud
Quod digiti expediunt, atque, inter stamina mora : ambæ constituunt di
ductum, versis partibus, et intendunt
geminas telas gracili stamine.
Percusso feriunt insecti pectine dentes. Tela est vincta jugo : arundo
Utraque festinant : cinctæque ad pectora vestes, secernit stamen ; subtemen in
Brachia docta movent, Studiofallente laborem. seritur medium acutis radiis :
Illic et Tyrium quæ purpura sensit ahenum 61 quod digiti expediunt, atque
ductum inter stamina, insecti
dentes feriunt percusso pectine. Utraque festinant : que vestes cinctæ ad pectora movent
docta brachia, Studio fallente laborem Illic purpura texitur, quæ sensit Tyrium ahenum,
a consistunt.

NOTES.

44. Palladaque exhibuit.] And shows practised among the Romans, as often as
herself to be Pallas. their enemies surrendered themselves, giving
45. Mygdonidesque .] Many women came up their arms,
out of Phrygia to see the performance of 56. Radiis.] Radius is an instrument with
Arachne, who all, except Arachne, gave the which weavers shoot the woof into the
preference to Pallas.- Virgo.] Arachne. warp ; a shuttle..
46. Invita.] Against her will. Subtemen, &c.] The woof is inserted into
47. Evanuit.] Went away suddenly. the warp.
48. Aurora movetur. ] The morning be 57. Expediunt.] They whisk through.
gins to rise. Atque, &c.] A periphrasis of the woof,
49. Candescere.] Brightens. that is beat into the warp with the teeth of a
50. Perstat. ] Persevered in her conten comb (Reed)
tion with Pallas. • 58. Pectine. ] The stay, a weaver's instru
Stolidæque palmæ.] Of a foolish victory. ment.
51. In sua fata.] To her destruction. 59. Utraque.] Both Pallas and Arachne.
Nata Jove.] Pallas. Cinctæque ] Having their garments tied
54. Gracili. ] Slender, fine. up, that they might be more ready.
Intendunt.] They stretch. 60. Studio. ] Desire, ambition.
55. Tela.] He shows the wonderful quick Fallente.] Making less (lighter).
ness of them both. That wood is called ju 61. Illic, &c.] Tyrian purple, or purple
gum, which weavers roll their warp upon. thread, is woven. Tyre is an island of
Ovid seems to express the form of the beam Phoenicia, formerly remarkable for purple
under which, as a disgrace, those who were dyers.
conquered were made to pass ; which was Ahenum. The Caldron in which the
made of two spears fixed in the ground, and wool was dyed of purple colors,
a third across above ; and this was chiefly
E e
210 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VI.

et tenues umbræ parvi discri- Texitur, et tenues parvi discriminis umbræ :

mînis : qualis arcus ai imbre Qualis ab imbre solet percussus solibus arcus
percussus solibus, solet infice
re longum cælum ingenti cur Inficere ingenti longum curvamine cœlum ;
vamine ; in quo cùm mille In quo diversi niteant cùm mille colores, 65
diversi colores niteant, tamen Transitus ipse tamen spectantia lumina fallit.
ipse transitus fallit spectantia
lumina. Usque adeò quod Usque adeò quod tangit idem est ; tamen ulti
tangit est idem ; tamen ulti mia distant.
ma distant. Illic et lentum Illic et lentum filis immittitur aurum,
aurum immittitur filis, et ve- Et vetus in telâ deducitur argumentum .
tus argumentum deducitur in
tela. Pallas pingit scopulum Cecropiâ Pallas scopulum Mavortis in arce 70
Mavortis in Cecropiâ arce, et Pingit, et antiquam, de terræ nomine, litem.
antiquam litem de nomine Bis sex coelestes, medio Jove, sedibus altis,
terræ. Bis sex cœlestes sedent
' altis sedibus, Jove medio, au- Augustâ gravitate sedent. Sua quemque Deorum
gusta gravitate. Sua facies Inscribit facies. Jovis est regalis imago.
inscribit quemque Deorum. Stare Deum pelagi, longoque ferire tridente 75
que e
Imago Jovis est
Deum pelagi regalis.
stare, que ferire Asperasse
Facit Exsilui saxa facit,
ferum medio
; quo vindicetsaxi
pignorèe vulner urbem.
aspera saxa longo tridente, et
ferum exsiluisse è medio vul- At sibi dat clypeum, dat acute cuspidis hastam :
nere saxi ; quo pignore vin- Dat galeam capiti : defenditur ægide pectus.
samque suâ simulat de cuspide terram 80
urbem.
dicet dat
sibi, hastamAtacutæ cuspi Percus
dat clypeum
dis : dat galeam capiti : pec- Prodere cum baccis foetum canentis oliva:
tus defenditur ægide. Que
simulat terram percussam de suâ cuspide prodere fœtum canentis olivæ cum baccis ;

NOTES.

63. Qualis.] By this similitude is shown,
with how many various colours the web was
diversified .
Imbre.] After a shower,
Solibus.] By the rays of the sun.
Arcus.] The rainbow.
64. Longum cœlum. ] A long space of
the heavens.
66. Transitus, & c. ] The transition from
one colour to another, is done with so much
art as to deceive the eye.
67. Usque adeò.] So insensibly do the
touching colours blend, though their ex
treme parts differ.
68. Lentum.] Flexible.
69. Vetus argumentum.] An ancient
fable.
Deducitur.] If formed, drawn. Threads
are properly said deduci, when they are
drawn out in length.
70. Cecropiâ.] An Athenian tower, so
called from Cecrops, king of Athens.
Scopulum.] Areopagus, which is called
Mars' town, from "Aceos Martis and
wayo a town, is a promontory of Athens,
so called from Mars ; because he slew Halir.
rothius the son of Neptune in that place,
upon account of his daughter Alcippe.
The poet first describes Pallas's web, in the
beginning of which the Areopagus was re
presented, where the gods sat to judge, whe
ther Pallas or Neptune ought to give the
name to that city. The gods' determination
was, whoever discovered the most beneficial
intention for mankind, should name the
city: Neptune then struck the earth and a
horse leaped out but Pallas brought forth
an olive tree, which was adjudged of most
advantage to mankind, therefore she ob
tained the victory.
72. Bis sex.] Twelve.
73. Augustâ gravitate.] With sacred Ma
jesty.- Sua, &c.] Every one of the gods is
represented to the life.
75. Stare.] She delineates Neptune stand
ing.
77. Ferum.] An horse.
Vindicet. ] Affirms it to be his proper
right.
78. At sibi, &c.] Pallas represents her
self in the web armed with her shield, spear,
and helmet.
79. Egide.] Egis is the breast armour
of Minerva, having on it Medusa's head,
which she makes use of, especially in war,
81. Prodere.] To send out.
Baccis.] Berries.
Canentis.] White, hoary.
 FAB. 11, METAMORPHOSEΩN . 211

que Deos mirari . Victoria est

Mirarique Deos, Operi victoria finis,
finis operi. Tamen ut æmu
Ut tamen exemplis intelligat æmula laudis, la laudis intelligat exemplis,
Quod pretium speret pro tam fùrialibus ausis ; quod pretium speret pro tam
Quatuor in partes certamina quatuor addit, 85 furialibus ausis ; addit quatuor
certamina in quatuor partes,
Clara colore suo, brevibus distincta sigillis. clara suo colore, distincta
Threiciam Rhodopen habet angulus unus, et brevibus sigillis. Unus angur
Hæmon ; lus habet Threiciam Rhodo
Nunc gelidos montes, mortalia corpora quondam ; pen et Hæmon ; nunc gelidos
Nomina summorum sibi qui tribuêre Deorum. montes, quondam mortalia
corpora ; qui tribuêre sibi
Altera Pygmææ fatum miserabile matris 90 nomina summorum Deorum.
Pars habet : hanc Juno jussit, certamine victam, Altera pars habet miserabile
Esse gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum. fatum Pygmææ matris : Juno
jussit hanc victam certamine
Pingit et Antigonem ausam contendere quondam esse gruem, que indicere bel
Cum magni consorte Jovis, quam regia Juno lum suis populis. Pingit et
1 In volucrèm vertit : nec profuit Ilion illi, 95 Antigonem, quondam ausam
Laomedonve pater, sumptis quin candida pennis contende re cum consorte mag
ni Jovis quam regia Juno
Ipsa sibi plaudat crepitante ciconia rostro. vertit in volucrem, nec Ilion
Qui superest solus Cinyran habet angulus orbum, profuit illi, Laomedonve pa
Isque gradus templi, natarum membra suarum, ter, quin sumptis pennis can
Amplectens, saxoquejacens, lacrymare videtur. dida ciconia ipsa plaudat sibi
crepitante rostro. Angulus
Circuit extremas cleis pacalibus oras. 101 qui solus superest, habet Ciny
Is modus est, operique suâ facit arbore finem. ran orbum : isque amplec
tens gradus templi qui antè
Mæonis elusam designat imagine tauri
fuerant membra suarum nata
Europen : verum taurum, freta vera putares. rum , que jacens saxo videtur
Ipsa videbatur terras spectare relictas, 105 lacrymare. Circuit extremas
Et comites clamare suas, tactumque vereri oras pacalibus oleis. Is est
modus, que facit finem operi
suâ arbore. Mæonis designat Europen elusam imagine tauri : putares taurum verum,
freta vera. Ipsa videbatur spectare terras relictas, et clamare suas comites, que vereri
tactum

NOTES.

82. Operi victoria. ] Pallas described her dition.

victory at the end of her web.
83. Tamen.] Notwithstanding the victory
of Pallas finished the web, yet in the corners
she represented the punishments of such as
impiously derided the gods ; by which Ar
achne might judge what were her own de
serts .
84. Quod pretium.] What punishment.
Speret.] She ought to expect.
Furialibus ausis. ] For such a furious rash.
ness.
86.. Brevibus sigillis ] With little signs.
89. Deorum.] Of Jupiter and Juno.
90. Altera.] In one corner she represented
the transformation of the Pygmean Mother
into a Crane, for preferring her beauty to
Juno's.
Pygmææ.] The Pygmies are a people said
to inhabit the mountainous parts of India,
and not to exceed two feet, and to be conti
qually at war with the Cranes.
Miserabile fatum. ] The miserable con-
92. Populisque suis.] With the Pygmies,
from whom she had her original,
98. Cinyran.] Cinyras, king of Assyria,
whose daughters were esteemed beautiful,
had the insolence to place them in competi
tion with Juno ; for which they were turned
into steps for her temple ; and their Father,
embracing them for the bodies of his daugh
ters, was also turned into stone.
Orbum.] Bereaved of his children, child
less.
100. Jacens.] Cleaving to..
101. Pacalibus. ] Bringing or signifying
Peace.
102. Modus.] The end.
Sua arbore.] With an olive-tree.
105. Mæonis.] Arachne the Mæonian or
Lydian. The poet here relates the stories
described in Arachne's web.
104. Europen.] The daughter of Agenor,
who was carried by Jupiter into Crete, under
the form of a bull,
 212 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VI.

assilientis aquæ ; que reducere Assilientis aquæ ; timidasque reducere plantas.

timidas plantas. Fecit et As Fecit et Asterien aquilâ luctante teneri :
terien teneri aquilâ luctante :
fecit Ledam recubare sub o Fecit olorinis Ledam recubare sub alis.
Jorinis alis. Addidit, ut Ju- Addidit, ut Satyri celatus imagine pulchram
piter celatus imagine Satyri, Jupiter implêrit gemino Nycteïda fœtu : 111
implêrit pulchram Nycteïda
gemino fœtu : fuerit Amphi- Amphitryon fuerit, cum te Tirynthia cepit,
tryon cùm cepit te Tirynthia. Aureus ut Danaën, Asopida luserit igneus :
Ut aureus luserit Danaën, ig- Mnemosynen pastor : varius Deoïda serpens.
neus luserit Asopida ; pastor Te quoque mutatum torvo, Neptune, juvenco
Juserit Mnemosynen varius
serpens luserit Deoida. Nep- Virgine in Æoliâ posuit. Tu visus Enipeus
tune, posuit te quoque, mu- Gignis Aloïdas ; aries Bisaltida fallis. 117
tatum torvo juvenco in vir- Et te, flava comas, frugum mitissima mater,
gine oliâ Tu visus Enipeus
gignis Aloïdas ; aries fallis Bi- Sensit equum : te sensit avem, crinìta colubris,
saltida. Et mitissima mater Mater equi volucris: sensit Delphina Melantho,
frugum, flava comas, sensit Omnibus his faciemque suam, faciemque loco
te equum : et mater volucris
121
equí, crinita colubris, sensit 110. rum
te avem: Melantho sensit Del- Reddidit. Est illic agrestis imagine Phoebus.
phina, que reddidit suam fa- Utquemodò accipitris pennas, modò terga leonis
ciem, faciemque locorum om- Gesserit : ut pastor Macareïda luserit Issen.
nibus his. Est illic Phoebus
agrestis imagine. Utque mo Liber ut Erigonem falsâ deceperit uvâ : 125
do gesserit pennas accipitris, modò terga leonis : ut pastor luserit Macareïda Issen. Ut
Liber deceperit Erigonem falsâ uvâ :

NOTES.

107. Timidasque.] Europa seemed timor
ous, and to draw up her feet, that she might
not touch the water. 1
ཝཱ ,, 108. Asterien.] She added Asterie, turned
into a Quail, and carried away by Jupiter in
the form of an Eagle. E nen, the daughter of Eolus. An Apostro
: "
109. Fecit.] Jupiter, captivated with the
love of Leda, and assuming the appearance
of a Swan, obtained her ; she is said to have
laid an egg, which was the origin of Castor,
Pollux and Helena.
" Olorinis sub alis .] Under the wings of a
Swan. 1. 61 २
110. Addidit.] Jupiter, in the form of a
Satyr, violated Antiopa, the daughter of
Nycteus, who is said to have brought forth the
twins Amphion and Zethus.
112. Amphitryon. ] Jupiter, captivated
with the love of Alemena, put on the ap
pearance of her husband Amphitryon, by
whom he had Hercules...!
Tirynthia.] Alcmena is called Tirynthia,
of Tirynthia, a city nigh Argos, where Her
cules was educated, and thence called Tiryn
thius.
115. Aureus ut Danaën.] Danaë, a daugh
tor of Acrisius, king ofthe Argives, by whom
Jupiter had Perseus. Book IV. ,‫ܐ‬
Asopida.] Ægina, the daughter of Aso
pus ; Jupiter, turning himself into fire, lay
with her, and begat acus.
114. Mnemosynen. ] For they say he lay
with Mnemosyne in the habit of a shepherd,
and begat the nine Muses.
Deoïda.] Some will have this to be Pro
serpine. 1
116. Virgine in Æoliâ ] Neptune, being
transformed into a young Bull, ravished Ar
phe to Neptune,
Enipeus.] Being turned into the river E
nipeus, he begat Othus and Ephialtes on
Iphimedia, the wife of Alocus. Of Enipeus,
Book VII.
117. Aries. ] Turned into a Ram, he lay
with Theophanes, the daughter of Bisaltes.
" 118. Mater frugum.] Ceres.
119. Crinita. ] Having snakes and serpents
instead of hair.
120. Mater equi volucris.] Medusa, the
mother of the winged horse Pegasus .
Melantho.] Melantho was a daughter of
Deucalion, by whom Neptune, turned into a
Dolphin, had a son named Delphus.
122. Agrestis.] Apollo being deprived of
his divinity for having slain the Cyclops, fed
the herds of Admetus, king of Thessaly.
123. Ut modò. ] Apollo was represented
in Arachne's web, sometimes in the appear
ance of a Hawk, and sometimes ofa Lion.
124. Macareida.] Issen, the daughter of
Macareus, whom Apollo deflowered in the
habit of a shepherd.
125. Liber ] Bacchus transformed into a
Grape.
FAB. II METAMORPHOSEON. 213

Ut Saturnus equo geminum Chirona creârit. ut Saturnus creârit geminum

Chirona equo. Ultima pars
Ultima pars tela, tenui circumdata limbo, tela, circumdata tenui limbo,
Nexilibus flores hederis habet intertextos. habet flores hederis intertex
Non illud Pallas, non illud carpere Livor tos nexilibus. Pallas non pos
Possit opus. Doluit successu flaya virago ; 130 sit, illudnon
opusLivor possit carpere
. Flava virago do
Et rupit pictas cœlestia crimina vestes. luit successu : et rupit vestes
Utque Cytoriaco radium de monte tenebat ; pictas cœlestia crimina. Ut
Terquater Idmoniæ frontempercussit Arachnes. que tenebat radium de Cytor
iaco monte ; percussit fron
Non tulit infelix : laqueoque animosa ligavit. tem Idmoniæ Arachnes ter
Guttura. Pendentem Pallas miserata levavit ; quater. Non tulit infelix ; que
Atque ità, Vive quidem, pende tamen, improba, ligavit animosa guttura la
dixit : 136 queo. Pallas miserata levavit
Lexque eadem pœnæ, ne sis secura futuri, pendentem, atque dixit ità,
Improba vive quidem , pende
Dicta tuo generi, serisque nepotibus esto. tamen que ne sis secura fu
Postea discedens succis Hecateïdos herbæ turi, eadem lex pœnæ esto
Spargit. Et extemplo tristi medicamine tactæ dicta tuo generi, serisque ne
potibus. Postcâ discedens
Defluxêre comæ : cumque his et naris et auris. spargit eam succis Hecateïdos
Fitque caput minimum toto quoque corpore herbæ. Et extemplo coma
a parvæ . tactæ tristi medicamine de
fluxêre que naris et auris
In latere exiles digiti pro cruribus hærent. cum his. Que caput fit mini
Cætera venter habet, de quo tamen illa remittit nium illius parvæ toto cor
Stamen ; et antiquas exercet aranea telas. 145 pore. Exiles digiti hærent in
latere pro cruribus. Venter
habet cætera, de quo tamen illa remittit stamen ; et aranea exercet antiquas telas
a parva est.

NOTES.

126. Geminum.] Who to the waist ap
peared as a man, and below it as an horse.
127. Limbo tenui.] A very fine selvage ;
for limbus is a border encompassing the outer
most part of a garment,
129. Illud opus.] Arachne's web.
130. Flava virago.] The heroine with the
golden locks.
132. Radium, &c. ] A shuttle of box.´
See Book IV.
155. Ter quater.] Often.
Idmoniæ,] See above.
134. Animosa.] Proud and impatient.
137. Lex eadem. &c ] And thy posterity
shall suffer the like punishment.
138. Dicta.] Appointed.
139. Hecateidos.] A venomous herb dis
covered by Hecate, the daughter of Persa,
Others will have it to be Aconitum, Wolf's
bane ; others Cicuta, Hemlock.
140. Tristi.] Hurtful.
143. Exiles.] Slender.
145. Antiquas, &c. And works at her
web as formerly.
Aranea.] A Spider.

EXP. FAB. I. AND II. Arachne's contention with Minerva, the Goddess
of Arts, particularly of weaving, shows that she was skilled in working in
silk and wool : but her metamorphosis into a Spider, arose from the resem
blance her name had to it in the Hebrew tongue. In this contention Ovid
has greatly displayed his genius, and introduced many fables, as if wrought
in their work. The first and most considerable respects the dispute between
Neptune and Minerva, in naming of Athens ; the people of which des
cending from Cethin, were fierce and savage ; and, coming to the know
ledge of navigation, turned pirates ; but being afterwards taught the cul
ture of the olive-tree, for which their country was favourable, they reform
ed, and paid their devotion to Minerva, who was there called Athene : it
is this that is meant by the determination of the contention in favour of the
214 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VI.

Goddess . The next fable worthy of our attention, is that of the Pygmies
and Cranes ; the Pygmies were a people, imagined by the ancients to be of
a very diminutive stature , and this they concluded from their Radix in
Greek, which signifies a cubit. The poets engaged them in a war with
these birds, the better to convey an idea of their diminutiveness, as they
were fond of the marvellous. The other metamorphosis related by the au
thor, may with ease be explained, by attending to what has been already
observed.
FAB. III. NIOBES LIBERI AB APOLLINE & DIANA SAGITTIS NECATI,
NIOBE IN SILICEM .
The Theban Matrons making a solemn procession in honour of Latona,
Niobe treats the Goddess and her offspring with contempt ; whereupon
Apollo and Diana, in resentment for the injury done their Mother, de
stroyed Niobe's children ; and she herself lamenting her loss, is changed
into a Statue.

Tota Lydiafremit. Rumor LYDIA tota fremit. Phrygiæque per oppida

facti it per oppida Phrygia, facti
et occupat magnum orbem [bem.
sermonibus. Niobe cognove- Rumor it, et magnum sermonibus occupat or
rat illam antè suos thalamos , Antè suos Niobe thalamos cognoverat illam ,
tum cùm virgo colebat Tum cùm Mæoniam virgo Sipylumque colebat,
Mæoniam Sipylum. Nec ta
men admonita est pœna sua Nec tamen admonita est pœna popularis Arachnes
popularis Arachues cedere Cedere Cœlitibus , verbisque minoribus uti. 6
Coelitibus, que uti minoribus Mult
verbis. Multa dabant animos. " a dabant animos . Sed enim nec conjugis
Sed enim nec artes conjugis, artes,
nec genus amborum, que po- Nec genus amborum, magnique potentia regni,
tentia magui regni, sic placu- Sic placuêre illi (quamvis ea cuncta placebant, )
ère illi, (quamvis cuncta ea Ut sua progenies : et felicissima matrum
placebant)foret
et Niobe
ut sua
dicta felicissi-: Dicta foret Niobe ; și non sibi visa fuisset.
progenies

ma inatrum ; si non visa fuis, Nam sata Tiresiâ, venturi præscia, Manto
set sibi. Nam Manto, sata Per medias fuerat, divino concita motu,
Tiresia, prescia fati venturi, Vaticinata vias : Ismenides, ite frequentes :
concita divino motu, vatici
nata fuerat per medias vias : Et date Latonæ, Latonigenisque duobus, 15
•·
Įsmenides ite frequentes et Cunt prece thura pia, lauroque innectite crimen.
date pia thura cum prece La
tonæ, que duobus Latonigenis, que innectite crimen lauro,

NOTES.

1. Lydia tota fremit ] All Lydia rings
with the fate of Arachne.
3. Niobe ] Niobe knew Arachne before
she was married to Amphion, king of
Thebes.
4. Mæoniam.] For Niobe had lived with
her father Tantalus in Lydia, before he had
been conquered by Tros.
Sipylumque.] A town of Lydia.
6. Minoribus verbis.] More humble.
7. Animos,] Spirits, pride.
Conjugis artes. ] Her husband Amphion
was a remarkable musician ; when building
the city of Thèbes, the stones are said to have
danced to his lyre. Orpheus too is fabled to
have the same power ; as the trees and wild
beasts fullowed his song ; by which we are to
understand, that these men by their address
and wise counsels, reclaimed the savage peo
ple of their days, brought them from the
woods. where they had lived like beasts, to
dwell in towns, and taught them the blessings
ofharmony and society.
12. Manto. ] She was the daughter ofthe
• prophet Tiresias, and very skilful in her fa
ther's art ; from her the city of Mantua took
its name.
14. Ismenides.] So the Theban women
are called, of Ismenus, a river of Boeotia.
15. Date. ] Sacrifice.
Latonigenisque.] Apollo and Diana.
16. Lauroque, &c.] And crown your
heads with laurel.
FAB . III. METAMORPHOSEON.
215

Ore meo Latona jubet. Paretur : et omnes • Latona jubet hoc meo ore.
Thebaïdes jussis sua tempora frondibus ornant ; Paretur : et omnes Thebaides
Thuraque dant sanctis, et verba precantia, orn ant sua
dibus. temdant
Que pora juss is fro
thura, et
flammis. 19 precantia verba sanctis flam
Eccè venit comitum Niobe celeberrima turba, mis. Eccè Niobe venit cele
Vestibus intexto Phrygiis spectabilis auro. berrima turbâ comitum, spec
tabilis Phrygiis vestibus in
Et, quantùm ira sinit, formosa : movensque , texto auro. Et formosa quan
decoro [ capillos , tùm ira sinit : movensque
Cum capite , immissos humerum per utrumque capillos immissos per utrum
capitehumeru
Constitit , utque oculos circumtulit alta superbos ; que , constitit utque
m : cum decoro
alta
Quis furor auditos, inquit, præponere visis, 25 circumtulit superbos oculos ;
Cœlestes ? Aut cur colitur Latona per aras, inquit, Quis furor præponere
Numen adhuc sinè thure meum est? Mihi coelestes auditos visis ? Aut
Tantalus auctor ; cur Latona colitur per aras;
meum Numen est adhuc sinè
Cui licuit soli Superorum tangere mensas. thure? Tantalus auctor mi
Pleïadum soror est genitrix mihi : maximus Atlas hi, cui soli licuit tangere
Est avus, æthereum qui fert cervicibus axem: 30 mensas Superorum ; soror
Pleïadum est genitrix mihi :
Jupiter alter avus. Socero quoque glorior illo. maximus Atlas est avus, qui
Me gentes metuunt Phrygiæ : me regia Cadmi fert æthereum axem cervici
Sub dominâ est : fidibusque mei commissa mariti bus : Jupiter alter avus.
Moenia, cum populis, à meque viroque reguntur. Phrygiæ gloriormetuunt
Quoque gentes illo socero.
me :
In quamc unque domûs advert o lumina partem, regia Cadmi est sub me do
Immensæ spectantur opes. Accedit eodem 36 minâ : que mania commissa
Digna Deâ facies. Huc natas adjice septem, pulis fidibus mei mariàti,
, reguntur mecumvique po .
Et totidem juvenes ; et mox generosque nurus- In quamcumque partein do
que. [ causam : mûs adverto lumina, immen
Quærite nunc, habeat quam nostra superbia sæ opes spectantur. Facies
Nescio quoque audete satam Titanida Coeo 40 digna Deâ septem
Huc adjice eodem.
accedit natas , et
totidem juvenes ; et mox ge
nerosque nurusque. Quærite nunc quam causam nostra superbia habeat : quæ audete præ
ferre mihi Latonam Titanida, satam nescio quo Cœo ;

NOTES.

17. Ore meo .] Latona speaks by my
mouth, and commands you to do this.
21. Spectabilis.] Remarkable.
24. Superbos oculos. ] Her disdainful eyes.
25. Auditos.] Hear-say gods.
Præponere visis.] To prefer before the gods,
that you see daily, viz. me and my husband.
Visis.] scil . Diis.
27. Thure.] Worship, sacrifice.
Auctor mihi.] My father. For Niobe was
the daughter of Tantalus.
28. Cui licuit, &c.] The only man who
was permitted to sit down at table with the
gods.
29. ] Pleïadum .] Taygeta, one of the
Pleiades the daughters of Atlas, was the mo
ther of Niobe.
30. Ethereum axem.] Of Atlas. See
Book IV.
51. Alter avus ] My other grandfather. For
Tantalus was the son of Jupiter by Plote.
Socero illo.] For Amphion was the son of
Jupiter by Antiopa.
32. Me gentes , &c.] It is to be supposed
that she had still some possessions in Phrygia,
in right of her father Tantalus. 1
53. Commissa.] Put together, joined. Cad
mus built, Amphion fortified Thebes.
34. Viro.] Vir signifies, sometimes, a hus
band, as here.
35. Lumina.] My eyes.
36. Accedit eodem .] And to this is added ;
and besides these.
58. Mox.] To be expected in a little
time.
40. Cœo.] Latona was the daughter of
the giant Cæus, who being got with child
by Jupiter, brought forth Apollo and Diana
at once .
Titanida.] The grand- daughter of the
Titans, from whom the giants had their
original.
 216 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VI.

cui Latona maxima terra Latonam præferre mihi ; cui maxima quondam
quondam negavit exiguam se- Exiguam sedem parituræ terra negavit.
dem parituræ. Dea vestra
nec recepta est cœlo, nec hu- Nec cœlo, nec humo, nec aquis Dea vestra re
mo, nec aquis, erat exul mun cepta est.
di ; donec tu Delos, miserata Exul erat mundi ; donec miserata vagantem,
vagantem dixit, Tu hospita Hospita tu terris erras, Ego, dixit, in undis, 45
erras terris, ego in undis, que
dedit instabilem locum. Illa Instabilemque locum Delos dedit. Illa duobus
facta parens duobus : hæc est Facta parens : uteri pars est hæc septima nostri.
septima pars nostri uteri. Sum Sum felix. Quis enim neget hoc ? felixque
felix. Quis enim neget hoc?
Que manebo felix. Quis manebo.
quoque dubitet hoc ? Copia Hoc quoque quis dubitet ? Tutam me copiafecit.
fecit me tutam. Sum major, Major sum, quàm cui possit fortuna nocere; 50
quam cui fortuna possit no
cere. Que ut eripiat multa ; Multaque ut eripiat; multò mihiplura relinquet.
relinquet mihi plura multò. Excessêre metum mea jam bona. Fingite demi
Mea bona jam excessêre me- Huic aliquid populo natorum posse meorum.
tum. Fingite aliquid posse Non tamen ad numerum redigar spoliata duo
demi huic populo meorum na
torum. Non tamen spoliata rum 54
redigar ad numerum duorum Latona. Turbâ quo quantum distat ab orbâ !
Latona. Quo quantum dis- Ite a sacris, properate sacris: laurumque capillis
tat turbâ ab orbâ ! Ite sacris, Ponite. Deponunt, et sacra infecta relinquunt.
properate sacris ; que ponite
laurum capillis. Deponunt, Quodque licet, tacito venerantur murmure Nu
et relinquunt sacra infecta. men.
Quodque solum licet, veneran
tur Numen tacito murmure. Indignata Dea est : summoque in vertice Cynthi,
Dea est indignata : et locuta Talibus est dictis geminâ cum prole locuta : 60
est cum geminâ prole talibus En ! ego vestra parens, vobis animosa creatis,
dictis in summo vertice Cyn- Et nisi Junoni, nulli cessura Dearum, [cultis
thi : O nati, en ! ego vestra An Dea sim, dubitor : perque omnia sæcula
parens animosa vobis creatis,
et cessura nulli Dearum, nisi Arceor, ô nati, nisi vos succurritis, aris.
Junoni, dubitor an sim Dea : que arceor aris cultis per omnia sæcula, nisi vos succurritis.
a Ite aris orbæ sacris, laurumque, &c.

NOTES.

43. Nec cœlo.] Latona could not find a
resting place where to be delivered of her bur
den: for Juno had secluded her from every
quarter by the obligation of an oath enjoined,
Dea vestra.] With great contempt Niobe
calls Latona, Your Goddess, in speaking to
the people.
44. Exul] She was banished from the
world.
46. Instabilemque locum.] An unstable
place. For Delos was harrassed with frequent
earthquakes : or, for that this island lay hid
for some time under water, and at the com
mand of Neptune arose, and thus Latona
found a place to be delivered in. It is called
Delos Erratica.
Illa duobus, &c.] She is the mother oftwo,
I of seven times two.
51. Ut.] Although, Fortuna eripiat.
55. Turbâ quo, &c.] So that there is little
difference between her, and those who have
no children.
57. Infecta. ] Unfinished.
58. Quodque licet.] And what alone they
durst do.
59. Summoque in vertice.] Upon the high
top.- -Cynthi. ] Of Mount Delos, whence
Apollo is ealled Cynthius ; and Diana, Cyn
thia.
60. Indignata est.] Indignor signifies to
feel that resentment which arises when we
are treated (indigné) unworthily, worse
than we have deserved ; such a resentment
is therefore called in English, indignation.
The Goddess was offended, enraged at this
unworthy treatment.
61. En, &c.] By this speech Latona re
quests Apollo and Diana to take vengeance
of Niobe for the affront.
Animosa.] Proud of.
 FAB . III. METAMORPHOSEON. 217

Nec dolor hic solus, diro convicia facto 65 Nec hic dolor solus ; Tantalis
Tantalis adjecit ; vosque est postponere natis adjecit convicia diro facto ;
que ausa postponere vos suis
Ausa suis: et me (quod in ipsam recidat) orbam, natis : et dixit me orba:n
Dixit ; et exhibuit linguam scelerata paternam. (quod recidat in ipsam) ; et
scelerata exhibuit paternam
Adjectura preces erat his Latona relatis ;
linguam. Latona erat adjec
Desine, Phoebus ait, (pœnæ mora longa) que- tura preces his relatis ; Phos
relas. 70 bus ait, Desine querelas (mora
Dixit idem Phœbe. Celerique per aëra lapsu idem. poena estQue
longa. ) nubibus,
tecti Phoebe dixit
củ
Contigerant tecti Cadmeïda nubibus arcem. leri lapsu per aëra, contiger
Planus erat latèque patens propè monia cam- ant Cadmeida arcem. Erat
pus, planus campus que patens
Assiduis pulsatus equis ; ubi turba rotarum, late propè mania, pulsatus
assiduis equis ; ubi turba rota
Duraque mollierant subjectas ungula glebas. 75 rum, duraque ungula mollie
Pars ibi de septem genitis Amphione fortes rant subjectas glebas. Ibi
Conscendunt in equos, Tyrioque rubentia fuco pars de septem genitis Am
phione conscendunt in fortes
Terga premunt ; 'auroque graves moderantur equos, que premunt terga ru
habenas. 78 bentia Tyrio fuco ; que mo
E quibus Ismenos, qui matri sarcina quondam derantur habenas graves auro.
Prima sue fuerat, dùm .1 certum flectit in orbem E quibus Ismenos, qui quon,
dam fuerat prima sarcina sua
Quadrupedes cursus, spumantiaque ora coërcet; matri, dùm flectit in certum
Hei mihi ! conclamat ; medioque in pectore fixus orbem quadrupedes cursus,
Tela gerit ; frænisque manu moriente remissis que coërcet spumantia oras
In latus à dextro paulatim defluit armo. conclamat, Hei mihi ! quegerit
84 tela fixus in medio pecture ;
Proximus, audito sonitu per inane pharetræ, que frænis remissis moriente
Fræna dabat Sipylus : veluti cùm præscius imbres manu defluit paulatim à dex
tro armo in latus. Sipylus
proximus dabat fræna, sonitu pharetra audito per inane : veluti cùa rector præscius imbres,

NOTES.

66. Tantalis.] Gen. idos. The daughter 74. Assiduis equis.] By the continual
of Tantalus, sc. Niobe. trampling ofhorses.
67. Orbam.). She calls me childless. But 75. Mollierant. ] Had softened, reduced
Niobe said not so, but admitted that she had to dust.
borne two children. However Latona took 77. Tyrioque fuco. ] Tyrian purple. He
$ this so very ill, that she aggravates the crime intimates that the horse-trappings were of
to the gods. purple.
68. Exhibuit linguam, &c ] Exhibited, 79. Ismenos. ] So called of Ismenus, a ri
gave a specimen of her father's tongue, ver of Boeotia.
He suffered in hell for the folly of an imprų Sarcina. The first burden of her womb.
dent tongue. 81. Quadrupedes.] Horses.
Paternam.] Of her father Tantalus, who 84. Defluit.] He fell down.
was punished for his prating, because when A dextro armo. From the right shoulder
admitted to the banquets of the gods, he had of the horse.
divulged their secrets. Armo. ] Armus is the shoulder of a beast,
69. Adjectura, &c.] When Latona had re Humerus of a man.
lated these things, she was inclined to use 85. Per inane.] Through the air.
entreaties. Pharetra.] Of the quiver.
70. Pœnæ mpra longa. ] The least delay of 86. Dabat fræna ] He gave the horses the
punishment is too long. reins.
71. Phoebe.] Diana, is said to be the Moon. Sipylus This is the name of one of the
72. Cadmeida.] The Tower of Thebes sons. Concerning Sipylus, a city of Mæonia
built by Cadmus, or Thebes itself. see hereafter.
73. Planus, &c.] The poet here describes Præscius imbres ] Prognosticating s
the place where the unhappy sons of Niobe coming of a storm,
were exercising, when Apollo came,
Ff
 218 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VI.

nube vísâ fugit, et deducit un- Nube fugit visâ, pendentiaque undique rector
dique pendentia carbasa, ne Carbasa deducit, ne quà levis effluat aura.
quà levis aura effluat Dabat
fræna. Non evitabile telum Fræna dabat. Dantem non evitabile telum 89
consequitur ; que sagitta tre- Consequitur : summâque tremens cervice sagitta
mens hæsit summâ cervice, et Hæsit, et extabat nudum de gutture ferrum .
nudum ferrum extabat de gut- Ille, ut erat pronus, per colla admissa, jubasque
ture. Ille ut erat pronus,
wolvitur per colla admissa ju- Volvitur, et calido tellurem sanguine fœdat.
basque equi, et foedat tellurem Phædimus infelix, et aviti nominis hæres
calido sanguine. Infelix Pho- Tantalus, ut solito finem imposuêre labori, 95
dimus, et Tantalus hæres aviti
nominis, ut imposuêre finem Transierant ad opus nitida juvenile palæstræ :
solito labori, transierant ad ju- Et jam contulerant arcto luctantia nexu
wenile opus nitida palastra : Pectora pectoribus ; cùm tento concita cornu,
et jam contulerant luctantia Sicut erant juncti, trajecit utrumque sagitta.
pectora pectoribus arcto nexu ;
cùm sagitta concita tento cornu Ingemuêre sinul ; simul incurvata dolore 100
trajecit utrumque, sicut erant Membra solo posuêre : simul suprema jacentes
Juncti . Ingemuêre simul ; Lumina versârunt : animam simul exhalârunt,
simul posuêre membra incur
vata dolore solo : simul ja- Aspicit Alphenor, laniataque pectora plangen's
.
centes versârunt suprema lu- Advolat, ut gelidos complexibus allevet artus.
mina, simul exhalârunt ani- Inque pio cadit,officio. Nam Delius illi 105
mam. Alphenor aspicit, que Intima fatifero rumpit præcordia ferro.
plangens laniata pectora advo- Quod simul eductum est, pars est pulmonis in
artus
complexibus, que cadit in pio hamis
officio. Nam Delius rumpit Eruta ; cumque animâ cruor est effusus in auras.
intima præcordia illi fatifero
ferro. Quod simul eductum, At non intonsum simplex Damasicthona vulnus
pars pulmonis est eruta in ha- Afficit : ictus erat quà crus esse incipit, et quà
anis, que cruor est effusus in
auras cum animâ. At non simplex vulnus afficit intonsum Damasicthona : erat ictus qua
crus incipit esse, et qua 14.

NOTES.

89. Deducit ] Lets down, unfurls all his Trajecit.] Pierced, D

sails to catch every blast. .. 100, Incurvata dolore.] Convulsed with
90. Summâque cervice.] On the top of his pain. ". +
neck. 102. Lumina versârunt. ] They rolled their
91. Extabat.] It stood out ; by which he eyes as dying persons do.
signifies the arrow went quite through. Exhalârunt animam. ] Exhalo is itself, by
92. Admissa.] Driven, i. e. swift, as before
Onomatopoeia, a word formed to express
in the fable of Daphne. panting, but the Spondee in the fifth place
96. Nitida Palestræ.] Of wrestling. Call still more naturally expresses the feebleness
ed neat from the oil with which the wrestlers of these brothers breathing their last.
used to anoint themselves. Palæstræ in 103. Plangens pectora ] Beating his breast
Latin, is a wrestling place : they will have for the death of his brethren.
it derived of 5 waλys, i. e. froin the dust 104. Allevet.] That he may lift up.
with which the bodies of the wrestlers : were 106. Fatifero ferro.] With a fatal arrow.
besmeared... Præcordia. His midriff. *
Nitida.] Shining, sleek, for when they 107. In hamis.] Upon the beards of the
wrestled they oiled their limbs to prevent arrow..
their adversary from taking a grip of them : 109. Intonsum. ] Unshaven, i. e. beardless,
for the opposite reason, when they engaged, youthful .-Simplex.] Simple, single ; for he
they threw dust upon each other, received two wounds.
to remove.
that oil.. t 3 110. Afficit.] Wounds.
97. Et jam contulerant, &c.] And they Crus, &c.] He signifies that he was wound
had began to wrestle. ed in the knee ; for the leg begins at the
Arcto nexu ] With a close hug. knee, and reaches from the knee to the an
99. Sagitta concita.] An arrow being sent. cle, consisting of the shank and the calf,
 METAMORPHOSEON. 219
FAB . 111.

Mollia nervosus facit internodia poples. Ill nervosus poples facit mollia
Dùmque manu tentat trahere exitiabile telum : internodia. D`mque tentat
trahere exitiabile telum ma
Altera per jugulum pennis tenus acta sagitta est ; nu; altera sagitta est acta
Expulit hanc sanguis, seque ejaculatus in altum per jugulum tenus pennis.
Emicat, et longè terebrata prosilit aurâ. 115 Sanguis expulit hanc, que
Ultimus Ilioneus non profectura precando ejaculatus se in altum emicat,
et prosilit longè aurâ tere
Brachia sustulerat : Dique ô communiter omnes, bratâ. Ilioneus ultimus sus
Dixerat ; (ignarus non omnes esse rogandos ) tulerat brachia non profectu
Parcite. Motus erat, cùm jam revocabile telum ra precando que dixerat, O
Non fuit, Arcitenens. Minimo tamen occidit ille Di omnes communiter (igna
rus non omnes esse rogandos)
Vulnere ; non a alté percusso corde sagittâ. 121 parcite. Arcitenens erat mo
Fama mali, populique dolor, lacrymæque suorum, tus misericordia, cùm telum
Tam subitæ matrem certam fecêre ruinæ, fuit jam non revocabile Ta
men ille occidit minime vul
Mirantem potuisse, irascentemque quòd ausi
nere
Hoc essent Superi, quòd tantum juris haberent. sagittâ ; corde percusso non al
tè . Fama mali, que
Nam pater Amphion, ferro per pectus adacto, dolor populi, que lacryma
Finierat moriens, pariter cum luce, dolorem. 127 suorum fecêre matrem cer
Heu ! quantùm hæc Niobe Niobe distabat ab tam tam subitæ ruinæ, miran
illà ! tem potuisse, irascentem quòd
Superi essent ausi hoc, inter
Quæ modò Latoïs populum submoverat aris : ficere tot suos filios quod habe
Et mediam tulerat gressus resupina per urbem, rent tantum juris. Nam Am
Invidiosa suis : at nunc miseranda vel hosti ! 131 phion pater, ferro adacto per
Corporibus gelidis incumbit : et ordine nullo pectus, moriens finierat do
lorem pariter cum luce. Heu !
quantum hæc Niobe distabat ab illâ Niobe, quæ modò submoverat populum Latoïs aris : et
resupina tulerat gressus per mediam urbem invidiosa suis, at nunc miseranda vel hosti ! Ins
cumbit gelidis corporibus : et a altâ.

NOTES.

111. Nervosus poples ] The nervous ham.
Internodia mollia. ] Yielding muscles.
112. Tentat trahere.] He endeavours to
draw out.- Exitiabile. ] Pestilential, destruc
tive.
113. Pennis tenus.] Up to the feathers.
Tenus. ] Remember that tenus is set after
its noun, not like other prepositions.
115. Aurâ.] In the air.
116. Profectura. From proficio.
117. Communiter. ] In general, as if he
said with Plautus, " O Dii omnes Superi et
Inferi, et Medioxumi."
118. Ignarus non omnes.] For only La
tona, Apollo, and Diana, were to be ap
peased.
119. Motus erat.] Apollo was moved at
the prayer of Ilioneus, the last of Niobe's
sons, but the arrow he had shot could not
be recalled.
120. Minimo. ] Slightest.
122. Fama mali, &c .] Every word in
this line is well chosen to acquaint poor
Niobe with her loss ; the general report of
a calamity, (not the calamity, ) fama mali,
prepares her for some bad news ; the grief
of the city, (dolor populi,) brings it sull
nearer, but the sorrow of her domestics
(lacrymæ suorum) puts it out of all doubt
that her own family must be the sufferers.
123. Certam fecere.] They acquainted
her; gave her knowledge of it./
124. Mirantem. ] sc. Deos, tot filíos suos
interficere.
125. Tantum juris.] So much power.
126. Ferro adacto.] A sword thrust
through him.
127. Luce. ] With life.
128. Heu. An epiphonema.
Niobe.] The second Niobe in this line is
the Greek ablative case ; for in that lan
guage the dative and ablative are the same ;
and this led grammarians into the error
of saying that the Greek nouns have no
ablative.
Distabat.] Differed.
129. Latoïs aris.] From the altars of La
tona. I
+ 131. Invidiosa. ] Envied by her own peo
ple.
Hosti.] Even by enemies .
132. Gelidis corporibus. Upon the cold
bodies.
 220 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VI.

dispensat suprema oscula per Oscula dispensat natos suprema per omnes.
omnes natos
quibus nulloliventia
tendens ordine.bra
A A quibus ad coelum liventia brachia tollens,
chia ad cœlum, ait, Crudelis Pascere, crudelis, nostro, Latona, dolore, 135
Latona pascere nostro do- Pascere, ait ; satiaque meo tua b pectora luctu
lore, pascerc, satiaque tua Corque C ferum satia, dixit, per funera septem :
pectora nostro luctu : que Efferor ; exulta, victrixque inimica triumpha.
dixit, satia ferum cor per sep
tem funera ; efferor ; exulta, Cur autein victrix? Miseræ mihi plura supersunt;
victrixque inimica triumpha. Quam tibi felici. Post tot quoque funera vinco.
Cur autem victrix? Plura Dixerat : insonuit contento nervus ab arcu ; 141
supersunt mihi miseræ, quàm Qui, præter Nioben unam , conterruit omnes.
tibi felici. Quoque vinco per
tot funera. Dixerat : hervus Illa malo est audax. Stabant cum vestibus atris
insonuit ab contento arcu ; Ante toros fratrum, demisso crine, sorores.
1 qui conterruit
Nioben unam : omnes
illa est præter E quibus
audax Imposi fratritrahens
to una, hærentia
moribunda viscere
relang tela, 145
uit ore.
malo. Sorores stabant cum
atris vestibus ante toros fra- Altera, solari miseram conata parentem ,
trum, crine demisso . Una è Conticuit subito ; duplicataque vulnere cæco est,
quibus, trahens tela inhæren- Oraque non pressit, nisi postquàm spiritus exit.
tia viscere, moribunda relan
guit ore imposito fratri. Al- Hæc frustrà fugiens collabitur ; illa sorori 150
tera conata solari miseram Immoritur ; latet hæc ; illam trepidare videres.
parentem, conticuit subitò, Sexque datis letho, diversaqué vulnera passis,
que est duplicata cæco vul
a at e mater,
Here. Non pressit ora, nisi Ultim restab : quam toto corpor
postquam spiritus exit. + Hæc Totâ veste tegens, unam, minimamque relinque ,
fugiens frustrà collabitur ; illa De multis minimam posco, clamavit, et unam.
immoritur sorori ; hæc latet ; Dùmque rogat, pro quâ rogat, occidit. Orba
videres illam trepidare ; sex resedit 156
datis letho, que passis diversa
vulnera, ultima restabat : Exanimes inter natos, natasque virumque ;
quam mater tegens toto cor- Diriguitque malis. Nullos movet aura capillos,
pore totâ veste, clamavit, re- In vultu color est sine sanguine ; lumina moestis
mque Stant immota genis ; nihil est in imagine vivi.
linquemini
posco mamminima
unam de multis, et
unam. Dumque rogat, occidit pro quâ rogat. Orba resedit inter exanimes natos, natasque,
virumque ; diriguitque malis. Aura movet nullos capillos, color in vultu est sinè sanguine,
lumina stant immota moestis genis ; nihil vivi est in imaginė.
:
lumina. e Corque ferum satia, vixi ;

NOTES.

134. Liventia.] Livid, black and blue :
for she had beaten her arms in her sorrow
and despair.
135. Pascere. ] The imperative passive.
137. Corque ferum. ] Your cruel heart,
138. Efferor. Effero signifies merely to
carry out, thence, to carry to the grave, to
bury - Victrixque.] Victorious, having ob
• tained your desire.
143. Cum vestibus atris.] In mourning.
144. Toros.] The beds on which they
were laid to be buried.
Demisso crine.] Their hair hanging loose,
as was usual with persons that mourned,
145. Viscere.] In the bowels.
146. Imposito ore fratri.] Whence it ap
pears, she died in kissing her brother.
148. Caco. ] Hidden,which did notappear.
149. Oraque non pressit.] Shut not her
mouth.
Postquam, &c.] $ Only when her breath
went out ; for till then she did not shut her
mouth.
150. Sorori.] sc. Inhærens.
152. Datis letho.] Being slain.
155. Minimamque.] Supply natu..
156. Dumquè, &c.] But while she begs,
the virgin for whom she begs expires.
157. Exanimes, &c.] Her dead sons,
daughters, and husband Amphion.
158. Malis. ] By her misfortunes, the bft
ter death of her children.
Nullos capillos.] Her hair was not moved
by the wind, because she was turned into a
stone.
.. 160. Genis mastis. Upon her sad cheeks.
FAB. IV. METAMORPHOSEON. 221

榆
İpsa quoque interiùs cum duro lingua palato Quoque lingua ipsa congelat
Congelat, et venæ desistunt posse moveri. 162 interiùs duro pallato, et venæ
desistunt posse moveri. Nec
Nec flecti cervix, nec brachia reddere gestus, cervix potest flecti, nec bra
Nec pes ire potest ; intrà quoque viscera saxum chia reddere gestus, nec pes
est ; ire; quoque saxum est intrà
viscera ; tamen flet, et circum
Flet tamen, et validi circumdata turbine venti data turbine validi venti, est
In patriam rapta est. Ibi fixa cacumine montis rapta in patriam. Ibi fixa ca
Liquitur ; et lacrymas etiam nunc marmora cumine montis, liquitur, et e
tiam nunc marmora manant
manant. 167 lacrymas.

NOTES.

162. Congelat. ] Becomes cold and hard. Turbine venti.] By the force of a violent
Desistunt posse moveri.] Cease to pant, wind. For turbo is properly a hurricane
for they have no pulsation. which bears down every thing in its way.
163. Cervix.] The neck. A Synecdoche. 166. Patriam.] Sipylus, the metropolis of
164. Intra, &c. ] Her bowels also became Mæonia, which was before called Tantalus.
stony. 167. Liquitur.] She dissolves.
165. Flet tamen. Although Niobe was Lacrymas mauant.] Drop tears.
turned into a stone, yet she seemed to weep.

EXP. FAB. III. The fate of Niobe, which we have related in the Argu
ment, is one of those fine fictions, which Ovid has introduced to display his
genius, and to which he was led from the devastation occasioned by an epi
demical contagion ; by the havock made by Apollo, we are to understand
the ill effects of the rays of the sun in such calamities, Niobe's metamor
phosis into a Stone arose from the immoveable state she appeared in, when
lamenting the loss of her children, with which she was greatly affected .

FAB. IV. AGRESTES LYCIE IN RANAS.

Latona, fatigued with carrying her two Children, Apollo and Diana, a long
Journey, and rendered exceedingly thirsty with the heat, goes to drink
at a Pond, where some countrymen were at work : who not only most
brutishlypreventedher from drinking, butdisturbed the waters so asto mud
dy them: the Goddess, topunish their brutality, transformsthem into Frogs .

TUNCverò a cuncti manifestam Numinis iram Tunc verò cuncti fœmina

Fœmina virque timent ; cultuque impensiùs virque timent manifestam i
ram Numinis : que omnes im
omnes pensiùs venerantur cultu mag
Magna gemelliparæ venerantur numina Divæ. na numina gemelliparæ Diva.
Utque fit, à facto propiore priora renarrant. Utque fit, renarrant priora à
propiore facto. Unus è quibus
E quibus unus ait: Lyciæ quoque fertilis agris 5 ait : Quoque veteres coloni
a tanti, Lyciæ fertilis agris

NOTES.

1. Tanc.] The poet elegantly introduces the same birth, Gemelliticum fœtun .
the story of Latona and the Lycian peasants. 4. Utque fit. ] And as it uses to be.
3. Diva. Of Latona, who, at one birth, Renarrant.] Recount, tell over again.
brought forth the twins Apollo and Diana. 5. Lycia.] Lycia is a country of Asia,
And Plautus calls them who were born at bordering upon Lydia.
 22 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VI.
"
}
haud impune spreverunt De- Haud impunè Deam veteres sprevêre coloni .
am. Res quidem est obscura Res obscura quidem est ignobilitate virorum ;
ignobilitate virorum ; tamen
mira ; vidi præsens stagnum Mira tamen: vidi præsens stagnumquelacumque
lacumque notum prodigic. Prodigio notum. Nam me jam grandior ævo,
Nam genitor grandior avo, Impatiensque viæ genitor, deducere lectos 10
Impatiensque viæ, jusserat me Jusserat indè boves ; gentisque illius eunti
deducere lectos boves indè ;
et ipse dederat ducem mihi Ipse ducem dederat : cum quo dum pascua lustro,
gentis illius eunti ; cum quo Ecce ! lacûs medio, sacrorum nigra favilla,
dum lustro pascua, ecce ! ve- Ara vetus stabat, tremulis circundata cannis. 14
tus ara stabat medio lacus, Restitit : et pavido, Faveas mihi, murmure dixit
nigra favilla sacrorum, cir
cumdata tremulis cannis. Me- Dux meus : et simili, Faveas, ego murmure dixi.
us dux restitit, et dixit pavi- Naïadum, Faunine foret tamen ara rogabam,
do murmure, Faveas mihi ; et Indigenænè Dei ? cùm talia reddidit hospes.
ego dixi simili murmure, Fa- Non hâc, ô juvenis, montanum Numen in arâ
veas. Tamen rogabam ara
foret Naïadum, Faunine, In est : 19
digenænè alicujus Dei ? cùm Illa suam vocat hanc, cui quondam regia Juno
hospes reddidit talia, O juve- Orbe interdixit : quam vix erratica Delos
nis, non montanum Numen
est in hâc arâ. Illa vocat hanc Orantem accepit, tunc cùm levis insula nabat.
suam, cui quondam regia Ju- Illic incumbens cùm Palladis arbore palmæ,
no interdixit orbe quam vix Edidit invitâ geminos Latona novercâ.
erratica Delos accepit oran- Hinc quoque Junonem fugisse puerpera fertur,
tem, tunc cùm levis insula na
bat Illic Latona incumbens Inque suo portâsse sinu duo Numina natos.
Palmæ cùm arbore Palladis Jamque Chimæriferæ, cùm Sol gravis ureret ar
edidit geminos invitâ noverca Finibus in Lycia, longo Dea fessa labore, [va,
Quoque puerpera fertur hinc
fugisse Junonem, que portâsse
natos, duo Numina, in suo sinu. Jamque cùm Sol gravis ureret arva, Dea fessa longo labore
in finibus Lyciæ Chimæriferæ, b fessos.

NOTES.

6. Impune.] Not without punishment, for
they were all turned into frogs.¡
Deam.] Latona.
Sprevêre.] They contemned.
7. Ignobilitate. ] By the obscurity.
9. Notum prodigio.] Famous by a miracle.
10. Impatiensque viæ.] Who could not
bear the fatigue of the way, by reason of his
old age.- Lectos.] Chosen, choice.
12. Dum lustro ] Whilst I traverse.
14. Stabat.] Was erected.
15. Restitit ] Stood still.
17. Naïadum. ] Of the nymphs of the
fountains, vouw, I flow.
Fauninė.] Of a woodland god.
18. Indigenæene. Or some native Ged of
the country.. Reddidit ] Answered.
19. Montanum Numen.] No deity of the
mountains.
20. Regia Juno.] Juno, the wife of the
king of gods and men. Juno hearing that
Latonahadconceived, persecuted herthrough
out the earth.
21 , Erratics.] Wandering. Delos was
said to float upon the sea, because it was
frequently disturbed with earthquakes.
22. Levis. ] Light.
Nabat.] It floated to and fro. Animated
things are said to swim ; inanimate, to float.
23. Arbore Palladis.] An olive tree. It
signifies her having been delivered, leaning
against an olive and a palm tree.
24. Edidit. She brought forth.
Geminos.] Apollo and Diana,
Invitâ novercâ.] Against the will ofJuno,
who seemed to be the mother-in-law of
Apollo and Diana, in that she was the wife
of Jupiter.
25. Puerpera. ] When she had been deli
vered.
27. Chimæriferæ.] Monster-breeding,
Chimera is a mountain of Lycia, the top of
which was infested with lions, the middle
afforded pasture for goats, and the lower
part abounded with serpents. Hence the
poets have fabled it to be a monster so
formed,
FAB. IV. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 223

Sidereo siccata sitim collegit ab æstu, siccata collegit sitim ab skie

Uberaque ebiberant avidi lactantia nati. 30 reo æstu que avidi nati ebi
berant lactantia ubera. Forte
Fortè lacum melioris aquæ prospexit in imis prospexit lacum melioris a
Vallibus agrestes illic fruticosa legebant quæ in imis vallibus : agrestes
Vimina cum juncis, gratamque paludibus ulvam. legebant illic fruticosa vimi
na cum juncis, que ulvan
Accessit, positaque genu Titania terram gratam paludibus. Titania
Pressit, ut hauriret gelidos potura liquores : 35 accessit, que posita genu
Rustica turba vetant. Dea șic affata vetantes, pressit terram : ut potura
Quid prohibetis aquis ? Usus communis aquarum . hauriret gelidos liquores
rustica turba vetant. Dea sic
Nec solem proprium Natura, nec aëra fecit, affata vetantes : Quid prohi
Nec tenues undas. Ad publica munera veni. betis aquis ? Usus aquarum
Quæ tamen ut detis, supplex peto. Non ego communis. Nec Natura fecit
nostros 40 solem proprium, nec aëra,
nec tenues undas. Veni ad
Abluere hic artus, lassataque membra parabam : publica munera, quæ tamen
Sed relevare sitim. Caret os humore loquentis ; ut detis peto supplex. Ego
Et fauces arent ; vixque est via vocis in illis. non parabam abluere artus
Haustus aquæ mihi nectar erit ; vitamque fatebor hic, lassataque membra : seds
relevare sitim. Os loquenti
Accepisse simul : vitam dederitis in undâ. caret bumore ; et fauces ar
Hi quoque vos movcant, qui nostro brachia ent : que vix via vocis est in
tendunt 46 illis. Haustus aquæ erit nec
Parva sinu . Et casu tendebant brachia nati . tar mihi, que simul fatebor
accepisse vitam : dederitis
Quem non blanda Deæ potuissent verba movere ? vitam in undâ. Hi quoque
Hi tamen orantem perstant prohibere , minasque, moveant vos. qui tendunt
Ni procul abscedat, conviciaque insuper addunt. parva brachia nostro sinu.
Nec satis hoc. Ipsos etiam pedibusque manuque chia. Et casu nati tendebant bra
Quem blanda verba
Turba vêre lacus : imoqu e è gurgit e molle m Deæ non potuissent movere ?
Huc illuc limum saltu movère maligno. 53 Tamen hi perstant prohibere
Distulit ira sitim. Neque enim jam filia Coi orantem, que addunt minas
ni abscedat procùl, que insu
per convicia. Nec hoc satis.
Turbavêre ipsos lacus pedibusque manuque : que movêre mollem limum huc illuc è imo
gurgite maligno saltu. Ira distulit sitim. Neque enim jam filia Cœi

NOTES.

29. Sidereo æstu. ] By the heat ofthe sun,
for although Sidus is properly a constella
tion, consisting of many stars, yet it is
sometimes put for the sun.
30. Ebiberant.] Had sucked dry.
Lactantia.] Giving milk.
31. Melioris aquæ.] Of good water.
32. Fruticosa.] Sinall, such as grow on
shrubs, which are of a middle sort, between
herbs and trees.
Legebant.] They gathered.
34. Juncis.] Bulrushes.
Gratamque.] Natural, growing in the
marshes.
36. Rustica, &c. ] The company of pea
sants hindered her.
38. Proprium.] Private.
39. Tenues undas. ] Gliding waters.
Publica.] Which are not the property of
any particular person, but common to all.
42. Relevare. To quench
Os.] My mouth, with which I speak to
you.
43. Arent.] Are dry.
Vix, &c.] And can scarce utter a word.
44. Haustus.] A draught of water will
be as acceptable to me as nectar, and the
sweetest thing in the world.
45. Simul.] Together with it.
Dederitis.] A Diastole.
46. Hi quoque.] Latona showed them
her infants, Apollo and Diana, that they
might be affected by their tender age.
Tendunt ] They stretch, they hold out.
Nostro sinu.] Out of my bosom.
49. Hi.] The countrymen.
Perstant.] They persevere.
53. Movêre.] They stirred.
Maligno.] Ill-natured.
54. Ira, &c.] Rage dispelled her thirst for
some time.
Filia. Latona, above Titania»
224 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VI,

supplicat indignis, nec ultra Supplicat indignis ; nec dicere sustinet ultrà 55
sustinet minora verba Dea; Verba minora Deâ; tollensque ad sidera palmas,
tollensque palmas ad sidera,
dixit, Vivatis æternum in isto ternum stagno, dixit, vivatis in isto !
stagno ! Optata Deæ eveniunt. Eveniunt optata Deæ. Juvat a îsse sub undas ;
Juvat îsse sub undas ; et mo- Et modò tota cavâ submergere membra palude
dò submergere tota membra
cavâ palude : nunc proferre Nunc proferre caput ; summo modò gurgite
caput : modò nare summo nare : 60
gurgite : sæpè considere su- Sæpè super ripam stagni considere : sæpè
re- In gelidos resilire lacus. Sed nunc quoque turpes
: Sæpè Sed
per ripam stagnilacus.
silire in gelidos
nunc quoque exercent tur- Litibus exercent linguas : pulsoque pudore,
pes linguas litibus : que pu- Quamvis sint sub aquâ, sub aquâ maledicere
dore pulso, quamvîs sint sub tentant. [mescunt,
aquâ, tentant maledicere sub
aquà. Quoque jam vox est Vox quoque jam rauca est ; inflataque colla tu
rauca ; que colla inflata tu- Ipsaque dilatant patulos convicia rictus. 66
mescunt, que convicia ipsa Terga caput tangunt; colla intercepta videntur ;
dilatant patulos rictus. Terga Spina viret : venter, pars maxima corporis, albet ;
tangunt caput colla viden
tur intercepta spina viret : Limosoque novæ saliunt in gurgite ranæ.
yenter, maxima pars corporis,,
albet, que novæ rana saliunt 'n gurgite limosą. a esse sub undis.

NOTES.

55. Ultrà.] Any longer. 62. Turpes. ] Filthy.

56. Minora.] Submissive, below the ma 64. Maledicere.] The croaking of frogs
jesty of a goddess. is imitated in this repetition, sub aquâ, sub
57. Eternum.] Eternally, for ever. The aquâ.
noun for the adverb. 66. Patulos rictus.] Their gaping mouths.
59. Et modò.] The poet elegantly de 67. Intercepta.] Cut off in the middle.
scribes the nature and consistence of frogs. 68. Spina viret.] The back is green,

EXP. FAB. IV. The metamorphosis of the Rustics into Frogs, as related
in this fable, we must understand to be a punishment inflicted for the bru
tality of their behaviour to a passenger ; which is but too often experienced
from people of less polished manners."

FAB. V. & VI. MARSYAS IN FLUMEN. PELOPIS HUMERUS IN EBUR,

NUM.

The Satyr Marsyas, for presuming to challenge Apollo to play onthe Flute,
was flayed alive : his death was so much lamented by the Nymphs, Satyrs,
and Inhabitants of the Country, that their tears uniting with some rivulet,
formed the River which bears his name.

Sic ubi nescio quis virorum

retulit exitium de Lyciâ gen SIC ubi nescio quis Lyciâ de gente virorum
te : alter reminiscitur satyri Retulit exitium : Satyri reminiscitur alter :
Marsya :

NOTES.

1. Nescio quis.] I know not who: therefore 2. Exitium

.] The calamitous destruction.
he was a mean fellow who related that fable, Reminiscitur. Remembers.
 AB. VI. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 225

Quem Tritoniacâ Latous arundine victum quamvictum Tritoniac arun

Affecit poena. Quid me mihi detrahis ? inquit : dine, Latous affecit pœnâ.
Quid, inquit, detrahis mihi ?
Ah piget : Ah non est, clamabat, tibia tanti. 5 Ah piget : Ah clamabat, ti
Clamanti cutis est summos direpta per artus, bia non est tanti, Cutis est
Nec quicquam, nisi vulnus erat. Cruor undi direpta clamanti per summos
que manat, artus, nec erat quiequam nisi
vulnus. Cruor manat undi
Detectique patent nervi, trepidæque sine ullâ que, que nervi detecti patent :
Pelle micant venæ. Salientia viscera possis, que trepidæ venæ micant sinè
ulla pelle. Possis numerare
Et perlucentes numerare in pectore fibras. 10 salientia viscera perlucen
et tes
Illum ruricolæ, sylvarum Numina, Fauni, fibras in pectore . Ruricola
Et Satyri fratres, et tunc quoque clarus Olym Fauni, Numina sylvarum, et
fratres Satyri, et tunc quoque
pus,
clarus Olympus, et Nymphæ
Et Nymphæ flêrunt : et quisquis montibus illis fèrunt illnm : et quisquis
Lanigerosque greges, armentaque bucera pavit. pavitlanigeros greges, que bu
Fertilis immaduit, madefactaque terra caducas cera armenta illis montibus.
Concepit lacrymas. ac venis perbibit imis, 16 Fertilis terra immaduit, que
madefacta concepit caducas
Quas ubi fecit aquam, vacuas emisit in a auras. lacrymas, ac perbibit imis
Inde petens rapidum ripis declivibus æquor, venis. Quas ubi fecit aquam,
Marsya nomen habet, Phrygiæ liquidissimus emis t in vacuas auras. Inde
amnis. petens rapidum æquor decli
vibus ripis, habet nomen
Talibus extemplò redit ad præsentia dictis 20 Marsya, liquidissimus amnis
Vulgus : et extinctum cum stirpe Amphiona lu- Phrygiæ. Vulgus extemplò
[tur unus redit ad præsentia talibus dic
gent. tis et lugent Amphiona ex
Mater in invidiâ est : tamen hanc quoque dici- tinctum cum stirpe. Mater
Flêsse Pelops ; humeroque suas ad pectora post- est in invidiâ : tamen Pelops
Deduxit vestes, ebur ostendisse sinistro. [ quam unus dicitur flèsse hanc, que
Concolor hic humerus, nascendi tempore, dex- postquan húmero addeduxit
pectora,suas vestes
ostendisse
tro, 25 ebur sinistro. Hic humerus
Corporeusque fuit. Manibus mox cæsa paternis, fuit concolor dextro, corpo
nascendi.
Membra ferunt junxisse Deos : aliisque repertis, reusque Mox cæsatempore
manibus paternis
ferunt Deos junxisse membra : aliisque repertis,

a agros.

NOTES.
}
3. Tritoniacâ arundine ] A pipe first in 16. Concepit.] Received .
vented by Tritonia, i. e. by Pallas. Which 18. Declivibus.] Prone, inclining down
Pallas flung away, because, by blowing it, wards.
it swelled her cheeks, and deformed her 19. Liquidissimus.] Clearest.
countenance: the Satyr Marsyas took it up, 20. Præsentia.] The ills and misfortunes
and challenged Apollo to play with him of Amphion and Niobe.
upon it. 22. In invidia ] In hatred, for her pride
Latous. ] Apolla, the son of Latona. was the cause of her children's death.
4. Affecit pœna.] Punished. 23. Pelops. ] This was Niobe's brother.
Quid, &c.] Why do you tear my skin off? For Pelops was the son of Tantalus, who
5. Non est tanți.] Is not a matter of such for his impiety and cruelty was cast down to
consequence, that I should be punished in hell, and suffered thirst in the midst of water,
this manner. and hunger in the midst of abundance of ap
9. Micant.] They pant. ples.
10. Fibras.] The smaller veins. 24. Deduxit vestes. ] Tore his garments, or
12. Olympus.] The name of a Satyr. changed them for mourning.
14. Bucera armenta.] The horned herds, 26. Corporeusque.] Of fleshy substance.
from Bou and xsgas, a horn. Caesa ] Cut to pieces, killed.
Go
226 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VI.

locus qui est medius juguli, Qui locus est juguli medius, summique lacerti,
que summi lacerti, defuit, Defuit, impositum est non comparentis in usum
ebur impositum est in usum
partis non comparentis ; que Partis ebur ; factoque Pelops fuit integer illo
Pelops fuit integer illo facto.

NOTES.
28. Qui locus.] The shoulder which is 30. Partis.] Of his shoulder, which was
the upper part of the arm near the neck. not found.
29. In usum.] Into the place and office. Illo facto.] By that kind action of the gods.

EXP. FAB. V. & VI. The contention of the Satyr Marsyas with Apollo,
has so near a relation to that of Arachne with Minerva, that the interpre
tation ofit will well answer here.

FAB. VII. TEREUS, PROCNE IN UXOREM DUCTA, PHILOMELÆ SOROREEJUS

VITIUM INFERT.

Pandion king of Athens, gives his daughter Procne in marriage to Tereus,

king of Thrace, in expectation of attaching him to his interest ; but after
some time Procne being desirous of having her sister Philomela with her,
her great beauty overcame Tereus, and after ravishing her, the better to
conceal it, he cut out her tongue, and confined her in an old castle in a
forest. The unfortunate Princess contrives to acquaint her sister with
her situation, by some work she wrought with her needle in a piece of
eloth, which she conveys to her. The result ofthis transaction is a train
of unhappy events.

Finitimi proceres coëunt : FINITIMI proceres coëunt : urbesque propin

que propinquæ urbes oravêre
Oravêre suos ire ad solatia reges, [quæ
suos reges ire ad solatia, Ar
gosque, et Sparte, que Pelo- Argosque, et Sparte, Pelopeïadesque Mycenae,
peïades Mycenae, et Calydon Et nondum torvæ Calydon invisa Dianæ,
nondùm invisa torvæ Diane, Orchomenosque ferax, et nobilis ære Corin
que ferax Orchomenos, et
Corinthos nobilis ære, que thos, 5
ἀ
ferax Messene, Patræque hu- Messeneque a ferox, Patræque, humilesque Cle
milesque Cleonx, onæ.
a ferax.

NOTES.
1. Coëunt } Meet to comfort Pelops.
Urbes.] A metonymy of the subject.
2. Oravêre.] They entreated that they
might go.
Solatia.] To comfort Pelops, whose sister
and all her children were extinct.
3. Argos. A famous city of Peloponnese.
Sparte.] A country of Laconia.
Pelopeïadesque Mycenæ. ] Mycenæ is a
city of Peloponnese, which Pelops is reported
to have augmented.
4. Calydon. A city of Ætolia.
Nondum invisa.] For the king of Calydon
had not yet offended Diana. See Book VIII.
of the Boar sent into the Calydonian fields
5. Orchomenosque. ] A town of Arcadia.
Ferax.] Fertile.
Nobilis . ] Famous for vessels of brass,
called Corinthian,
6. Messeneque.] A city and country of
Peloponnese.
Ferox.] Fierce, for the Messenians were
almost continually at war with the Lacede
monians for liberty and empire.
Patraque. A city of Achaia.
Humilesque Cleone.] A small city of Ar
cadia.
FAB. VII. METAMORPHOSEON. 227

Et Nelea Pylos, nec adhuc Pittheïa Trozen . et Pylos

adhuc Neles, Træezen alia
Pittheia. nec
Quæqueurbesaliæ bimariclauduntur ab Isthmo, urbes clauduntur ab bimari
Exteriùsque sitæ bimari spectantur ab Isthmo. Isthmo, que sita exteriùs spec
Credere quis possit ? Sola cessatis Athenæ ! 10 tantur ab bimari Isthmo. Quis
Obstitit officio bellum : subvectaque ponto possit credere? Athenæ sola
cessatis ! Bellum obstitit ofli
Barbara Mopsopios terrebant agmina muros. cio : que Barbara agmina sub
Threicius Tereus hæc, auxiliaribus armis, vecta ponto terrebant Mopso
Fuderat ; et clarum vincendo nomen habebat. pios muros. Threicius Tereus
fuderat hæc auxiliaribus ar
Quem sibi Pandion opibusque virisque poten- mis ; et habebat clarum no
tem, 15 men vincendo. Quem poten
Et genus à magno ducentem fortè Gradivo, tem opibusque virisque, et
Connubio Procnesjunxit. Non pronuba Juno, fortè ducentem genus à magno
Gradivo, Pandion junxit sibi
Non Hymenæus adest, non illi Gratia lecto. connubio Procnes. Juno non
Eumenides tenuêre faces de funere raptas : adest pronuba, non Hyme
Eumenides stravêre torum, tectoque profanus 20 næus, non Gratia illi lecto,
Eumenides tenuêre faces novæ
Incubuit bubo, thalamique in culmine sedit. nuptæ, raptas de funere : Eu
Hâc ave conjuncti Procne, Tereusque, parentes menides stravêre torum, que
Hâc ave sunt facti ; gratata est scilicet illis profanus bubo incubuit tecto,
Thracia : Disque ipsi grates egêre ; diemque que seditTereusque in culmine thalami.
conjuncti
Procne,
Quâque data est claro Pandionenata tyranno, 25 hâc
ave facti sunt parentes
hac ave : Thracia scilicet gratata est illis : ipsi egêre grates Dis ; que jussêre diem vocari
festam, quâ nata Pandione data est claro tyranno,

NOTES.

7. Pylos.] Which Neleus, the father of were happily married, Juno was believed to
Nestor, governed. be bridemaid. From hence a conjecture may
Træezen.] Which Pittheus, the grandfather be formed what sort of a match that of Te
of Theseus by the mother's side, had not yet reus and Procne must have been.
under his government. " 18. Hymenæus.] The God of Marriage.
8. Clauduntur.] Are shut up in Pelopon Gratia ] The Graces are three goddesses,
nesus. constant companions of Venus, who are call
Isthmo.] Isthmus is a narrow neck of land ed by the Greeks apITES, whose names are
between two seas. Aglaia, Thalia, and Euphrosyne.
9. Exteriùs sitæ. ] Situated without the Illi lecto.] To that wedding.
Isthmus. The maps will be necessary here. 16. Faces.] The bride was conducted home
10. Credere quis posset. ] For Athens was by thelight of five torches ; which were said
the politest city in Greece.
V to be carried by the Furies in this marriage,
11. Obstitit, &c.] The Athenians were en because it proved so unfortunate. Juno,
gaged in a war with the Thebans, which pre Hymenæus, and the Graces, who preside over
vented their paying the proper compliment nuptials, attended not upon this occasion ; the
to Pelops. Tereus, king of Thrace, was Furies only and the ill-boding Qwl are em
their ally, had done them signal service ; upon ployed here.
which Pandion, king of Athens, gave him 20. Profanus.] Accursed.
his daughter Procne in marriage. 22. Hâc ave.] Avis signifies not only abird,
Subvectaque.] Placed at the Euxine Sea, but an augury or omen taken from a bird, as
for the kings of Asia made war with the La here.
cedemonians. 24. Thracia, &c.] The Thracians congra
14. Fuderat.] Had routed. tulated them.
16. Gradivo. ] From Mars, who was called Ipsi grates egêre.] Tereus and Procne gave
Gradivus by the Latins, of Gradatim, as war thanks to the gods.
is carried on step by step (gradually.) 25. Tyranno.] To the king. Tereus,
17. Non adest pronuba. ] To them who
33
 228 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VI.

quâque Itys erat ortus. Usque Quâque erat ortus Itys, festam jussere vocari.
adeò utilitas latet. Titan jam Usque adcò latet utilitas. Jam tempora Titan
duxerat tempora repetiti anni
per quinque autumnos : cùm Quinque per autumnos repetiti duxerat anni,
Procne blandita viro, dixit : Cum blandita viro Procne : Si gratia, dixit,
Si mea gratia est ulla , vel Ulla mea est ; vel me visendæ mitte sorori, 30
mitte me visendæ sorori : vel Vel soror huc veniat : redituram tempore parvo
soror veniat hùc : promittes
socero redituram parvo tem- Promittes socero. Magni mihi a muneris instar
pore. Dabis mihi instar mag- Germanam vidisse dabis. Jubet ille carinas
ni muneris si feceris me vidisse In freta deduci ; veloque et remige portus
germanam. Ille jubet carinas
deduci in freta : que intrat Cecropios intrat, Piræaque littora tangit. 35
Cecropios portus velo et re- Ut primùm soceri data copia , dextraque dextræ
mige, que tangit Piræa littora. Jungitur ; infausto committitur omine sermo.
Ut primùm data copia soceri,
que dextra jungitur dextræ ; Coperat adventus causam, mandata referre
sermo committitur infausto Conjugis, et celeres missæ spondere recursus.
omine. Cœperat referre cau- Ecce ! venit magno dives Philomela paratu, 40
sam adventûs , mandata conju- Divitior formâ : quales audire solemus
gis, et spondere celeres recur
sus Philomelæ missæ . Ecce ! Naïdas, et Dryadas mediis incedere´sylvis ,
Philomela venit, dives magno Si modò des illis cultus, similesque paratus.
paratu, divitior formâ : quales Nec secùs exarsit , conspectâ virgine, Tereus,
solemus audire Naïdas et Dry
adas incedere mediis sylvis, si Quàm si quis canis ignem supponat aristis : 45
modò des cultus, similesque Aut frondem, positasque cremet foenilibus her
paratus illis. Tereus non se bâs.
cùs exarsit, conspectâ virgine,
Digna quidem facies ; sed et hunc innata libido
quàm si quis supponat ignem
canis aristis ; aut cremet fron- Extimulat, pronumque genus regionibus illis
dem, que positas herbâs fœ- In Venerem : flagrat vitio gentisque suoque.
nilibus. Facies quidem digna ; Impetus est illi comitum corrumpere curam, 50
sed et innata libido extimulat
hunc, que genus pronum in Venerem illis regionibus, que flagrat vitio gentisque suoque,
impetus est illi corrumpere curam comitum, a muneris. b similes.
19

NOTES.

26. Itys.] The son of Tereus and Procne.
27. Usque adeò, &c.] An Epiphonema.
Jam tempora, &c. ] At the expiration of
five years, Procne entreated Tereus that he
should either let her go to Athens to see her
sister, or send for her sister to Thrace.
29. Si gratia, &c.] If I have any influence
over you ,
32. Socero. ] scil. tuo, Pandion.
Magni, &c.] A sight of my sister will be
a great kindness to me. Instar depends on ad.
35. Cecropios . ] The Athenians.
Piraaque littora.] station for ships, and
port ofthe Athenians.
36. Ut primùm, &c.] As soon as Tereus
had admittance to his father-in-law Pandion,
he saluted him, and acquainted him with his
business.
59. Celeres recursus.] quick return.
Missæ.] scil. Philomelæ, of Philomela if
he would permit her to go.
40. Paratu.] In apparel.
41. Formâ.] In beauty.
42. Naïdas.] The nymphs, which are very
beautiful.
Incedere.] To move ; incedo signifies to
go with an even motion and diguity, and is
applied therefore particularly to express the
gait of gods, kings, or queens.
45. Canis. White with ripeness.
46. Cremet.j Should burn.
Positasque fœnilibus herbâs ] Or hay laid
up in stacks.
74. Digna, &c.] Philomela had charms
to engage any one, but Tereus was violently
inflamed, not less by his own vicious dispo
sition, than the libidinous climate of his
country.
48. Pronumque.] The Thracians had great
warmth of constitution, therefore married two
wives.
50. Illi.] To Tereus. Impetus est illi.]
He has a strong inclination. -Curam comi
tum.] Her guard, or attendants.
 FAB. VII. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 229

Nutricisque fidem, necnon ingentibus ipsam que fidem nutricis necnon

Solicitare datis ; totumque impendere regnum : solicitare ipsam ingentibus
datis, que impendere totum
Aut rapere, et sævo raptam defendere bello. regnum. Aut rapere et de
Et nihil est, quod non, effræno captus amore fendere raptam sævo bello.
Ausit ; nec capiunt inclusas pectora flammas. 55 Et nihil est quod non ausi “ ,
effræno amore ; nec
Jamque moras malè fert, cupidoque revertitur captus pectora capiunt inclusas fiami
ore mas. Jamque malè fert mo
Mandata ad Procnes, et agit sua vota sub illâ, ras, que revertitur ad man
Facundum faciebat amor : quotiesque rogabat data Procnes cupido ore, et
agit sua vota sub illâ. Amor
Ulteriùs justo ; Procnen ita velle ferebat. 59 faciebat facundum : quoties
Addidit et lacrymas. tanquàm mândasset et illas. rogabat ulteriùs justo ; fere
Proh Superi ! Quantùm mortalia pectora cæca bat Procnen volle ita. Et
Noctis habent ! Ipso sceleris molimine Tereus addidit lacrymas, tanquàm
mandâsset et illas. Proh Su
Creditur esse pius, laudemque à crimine sumit. peri ! Quantùm cæca noctis
Quid quòd idem Philomela cupit ? Patriosque mortalia pectora habent ! Te
lacertis 64 reus creditur esse pius ipso
Blanda tenens humeros, ut eat visura sororem, laudem molimine sceleris, que sumit
à scelere. Quid quòd
Perque suam, contraque suam, petit illa salutem. Philomela optat idem ? Que
Spectat eam Tereus, præcontrectatque videndo , blanda tenens patrios hume
Osculaque , et collo circundata brachia cernens, ros lacertis, illa petit ut eat
visura suam sororem, perque
Omnia pro stimulis , facibusque , ciboque furoris suam, contraque suam salu
Accipit : et, quoties amplectitur illa paren tem, tem. Tereus spectat eam
Esse parens vellet ; neque enim minùs impius præcontrectatque videndo, et
esset. [que cernens oscula, et brachia cir
Vincitur ambarum genitor prece: gaudet, agit- cundata collo, accipit omnia
pro stimulis, facibusque, ci
Illa patri grates, et successisse duabus 73 boque furoris et quoties illa
Id putat infelix, quod erat lugubre duabus. amplectitur parentem, vellet
Jam labor exiguus Phoebo restabat ; equique esse parens ; neque enim mi
nùs impius esset. Genitor
vincitur prece ambarum, que
illa gaudet agitque grates patri, et infelix putat id successisse duabus, quod erat lugubre
P duabus. Jam exiguus labor restabat Phœbo : equique
NOTES.7

51. Ingentibus datis. ] With great gifts. only ravished by Tereus, but had also her 1
54. Effræno.] Unrestrained, unbridled. tongue cut out.
55. Capiunt.] His bosom swells with the 67. Præcontrectatque.] He anticipates his
fury of his passion. wickedness.
56. upidoque ore. ] With eager mouth. 68. Collo. ] Her father's neck.
He returns again to discourse of the message 69. Omnia, &c.] All these things do but
of Procne. provoke, inflame, and feed his passion.
57. Agit sua, &c.] He executes his own 72. Ambarum.] Of Tereus and Philome
wishes, pretending, at the same time, that he la.
only delivers the commission of his wife. Genitor.] The father of Pandion.
58. Facundum.] Eloquent. 73. Successisse.] To have succeeded hap
59. Ulteriùs justo. ] Beyond good breed pily.
ing. Duabus.] To herself and her sister Proc
Procnen, &c.] He said that such was3 ne.
Procne's will. 74. Lugubre. ] Fatal, the cause of mourn
61. Quantùm, &c. ] How black and de . ing.
ceitful are the minds of men ! 75. Jam labor.] Day was departing.
62. Ipso molimine.] By the very attempt Phoebo.] To Apollo, who in the day is
of wickedness. supposed to direct the course of the sun,
64. Quid quod.] In short, in a word ; for and at night to rest .
it is quid (dicam ?) quod.' Equique, &c. ] The horses of the sun had
65.] Sororem.] Procne. now reached the western part ofheaven.
66. Contra salutem. ] Because she was not
230 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VI.

pulsabant spatium declivis O- Pulsabant pedibus spatium declivis Olympi. 76

lympi pedibus. Regales e- Regales epula mensis, et Bacchus in auro
pulæ mensis, et Bacchus poni
tur in auro : hinc tradunt Ponitur: hinc placido tradunt sua corpora som
sua corpora placido somno. At rex Odrysius, quamvis secessit ab illâ, [no.
At rex Odrysius, quamvis se- Estuat : et repetens faciem, motusque, manus
cessit ab illâ, æstuat : et re
petens faciem, motusque, que, 80.
manusque , fingit que non- Qualia vult fingit, quæ nondùm vidit, et ignes
dùm vidit qualia vult, et ipse Ipse suos nutrit, curâ removente soporem .
nutriet suos ignes Lux remo - eri dextram complexus euntis
vent soporem . , curâ erat : Lux erat : et gen
et Pandion complexus dex- Pandion , comitem lacrymis commendat obortis :
tram generi euntis, commen- [ Et voluêre ambæ, voluisti tu quoque Tereu :]
dat ille comitem lacrymis o- Hanc ego, care gener, quoniam pia causa coëgit ,
bortis : [ et ambæ voluere, tu Do tibi : perque fidem, cognataque pectora, sup
Tereu quoque voluisti :] Care
gener, ego do hanc tibi : quo plex, 87
niam pia causa coëgit, que Per Superos oro, patrio ut tucaris amore ;
supplex oro per fidem, cog- Et mihi solicita lenimen dulce senectæ,
nataque pectora, per Supe- Quamprimùm (omnis erit nobis mora longa) re
TOS, ut tuearis eam patrio a
more ; et remittas mihi dulce mittas, [sororem )
lenimen solicita senecta, Tu quoque quamprimùm ( sâtis est a procùl esse
quamprimùm (omnis mora e- Si pietas ulla est, ad me Philomela redito.
quoque Mandabat, pariterque suæ dabat oscula natæ ;
rit longa nobis. Tuquampri
Philomela redito
mùm ad me, si est ulla pietas Et lacrymæ mites inter mandata cadebant.
(satis est tuam sororem Proc- Ut pignus fidei dextras utrasque poposcit, 95
nen esse procùl. ) Mandabat, Inter seque datas junxit, natamque nepotemque
pariterque dabat oscula suæ
natæ et mites lacrymæ ca- Absentes pro se memori, rogat, ore salutent ;
debant inter mandata Popos- Supremumque vale, pleno singultibus ore,
cit utrasque dextras ut pig- Vix dixit, timuitque suæ præsagia mentis. 99
nus fidei, que junxit datas in- Ut simùl imposita est picta Philomela carinæ,
ter se, que rogat natamque
Procnen nepotemque, Ityn
salutent pro se memori ore ; que vix dixit supremum vale ore pleno singultibus, que tímuit
præsagia suæ mentis. Ut simùl Philomela est imposita pictæ carinæ,
a vidisse .

NOTES.

76. Spatium.] The part. Lenimen.] His daughter he calls the

Olympi.] Of the declining heaven, where
when the horses of the sun reach, they seem
to descend into the sea.
77. Bacchus. ] Wine ; the inventor for
the thing invented. A metonymy of the
efficient.
79. Odrysius.] Thracian. The Odrysi
are a people of Thrace, and Odryse is their
city.
80. Estuat.] He burns, sc. tamen.
Repetens.] scil. animo, recollecting.
82. Curâ.] Love driving away Sleep.
83. Lux erat ] The day was come.
Generi euntis.] Of Tereus departing.
86. Quoniam, &c.] It is a kind action to
send one sister to see another.
88. Tuearis. ] Mayest thou defend and
keep.
89. Solicita, Anxious, on account of the
absence ofmy daughter.
comfort of his age.
91. Satis.] It is sufficient that Procne is
far from me.
93. Mandabat.] He gave such commands
as these.
95. Fidei.] For fidei.
Utrasque.] Both of Tereus and Philomela.
96. Natamque nepotemque.] Both Proc
ne and Itys.
97. Pro se ] In his name and words.
Memori ore salutent.] i. e. Remember to
salute. Thus Fab. ix. Book vii. v. 55. Me
mori mente requiris.
98. Supremumque, &c.] And last of all
he could scarce say farewell, for Pandion
was so interrupted with sobs, that he could
scarce speak.
99. Præsagia.] The forebodings ; for the
mind presages evil.
 NŃ
FAB. VII. METAMORPHOSE . 231

Admotumque fretum remis, tellusque repulsa est : que fretum admotum remis,
Vicimus, exclamat : mecum mea vota feruntur ; tellusque est repulsa : Barba
rus exclamat, Vicimus ; mea
(Exultatque, et vix animo sua gaudia differt) vota feruntur mecum ; (Exu
Barbarus, et nusquam lumen detorquet ab illà. tatque, et vix differt sua gau
Non aliter, quam cùm pedibus, prædator, ob dia animo, ) Et nusquam de
uncis 105 torquet lumen ab illà. Non
aliter quàm cùm ales Jovis
Deposuit nido leporem, Jovis ales, in alto : prædator deposuit leporem in
Nulla fuga est capto : spectat sua præmia raptor. alto nido obuncis pedibus.
Jamque iter effectum est, jamque in sua littora Nulla fuga est capto lepori ;
fessis raptor spectat sua præmia:
Jamque iter est effectum, Jar
Puppibus exierant ; cùm rex Pandione natam que exierant è fessis puppibus
In stabula alta trahit, sylvis obscura vetustis . in sua littora; cùm rex trahit
Atque ibi pallentem, trepidamque, et cuncta ti natam Pandione in alta stabu
mentem, 111 la, obscura vetustis sylvis.
Atque ibi includit pallentem,
Et jam cum lacrymis, ubi sit germana, rogantem, trepidamque, et timentem
Includit : fassusque nefas, et virginem, et unam cuncta, et jam rogantem cum
Vi superat ; frustrà clamato sæpè parente, lacrymis, ubi germana sit :
Sæpè sorore sua, magnis super omnia Divis. 115 que fassus nefas, superat et
Illa tremit velut agna pavens , quæ saucia cani virgine m et unam vi, parente
sæpè clamato frustrà, sæpè
Ore excussa lupi, nondùm sibi tuta videtur ; suà sorore, magnis Divis super
Utque columba suo madefactis sanguine plumis omnia. Illa tremit velut pa
vens agna, quæ saucia excussa
Horret adhuc, avidosque timet, quibus hæserat, ore cani lupi, nondùm vide
ungues . 119 tur sibi tuta ; utque columba
Mox ubi mens rediit, passos laniata capillos, plumis madefactis suo sangui
ne, adhuc horret, que timet
(Lugenti similis, cæsis plangore lacertis, ) avidos ungues quibus hæserat.
Intendens palmas, Prô diris Barbare factis, Mox ubi mens rediit, laniata
Prô crudelis ! ait. Nec te mandata parentis passos capillos, (similis lugen
Cum lacrymis movêre piis, nec cura sororis, ti, lacertis cæsis plangore, )
Nec mea virginitas, nec conjugalia jura ? 125 intenden s palmas, ait, Pro
Barbare diris factis, prô cru
delis ! Nec mandata parentis
cum piis lacrymis movêre te, nec cura sororis, nec mea virginitas nec conjugalia jura ?

NOTES.

101. Admotumque. ] An Hypallage. For chiefly, especially.

the oars are put to the sea, and not the sea
to the oars ; and remi are then said admo
veri mari when they row, and the ships sail
forward. And so in the following, Tellus
que repulsa est.
104. Lumen.] His eyes.
106. Jovis ales. ] An eagle, who is never
hurt by lightning, is said to be under the
tutelage of Jupiter.
108. Effectum est.] Is performed, finished :
for they were now come into Thrace.
109. Rex.] Tereus.
Pandione natam . ] Philomela, the daugh
ter of Pandion.
113, Fassusque nefas. ] Now making known
his base love.
Unam.] And alone, committed to his
trust.
115. Super omnia.] In the first place,
16. Illa.] Philomela.
117. Excussa.] Escaped out of.
Cani lupi.] For wolves seem to be hoary
with age.
119. Horret adhuc.] She trembles, al
though she is taken from the hawk.
Avidos. ] Ravenous.
• 120. Mox.] By and by, when she was
come to herself.
Passos Capillos.] Her dishevelled hair.
It was usual for women to tear their hair
under the anguish of grief.
121. Cæsis lacertis.] Beating her arms.
122. Prô.] Or Proh ! An Interjection.
Diris Factis. For thy wicked villanies.
Factis.] Depends on barbare.
125. Conjugalia jura. ] The laws of ma
trimony, by which it is unlawful to lie with
two sisters.
232 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VI.

Turbasti oinnia, ego facta pel- Omnia turbasti ; pellex ego facta sorori,
lex sorori, Tu geminis conjux, Tu geminis conjux, ( non hæc mihi debita pœna. )
(hæc pœna non debita mihi.)
Quin eripis hanc animam per- Quin animam hanc ( ne quod facinus tibi per
fide ? (ne quod facinus restet fide, restet)
perpetrandum tibi) atque uti- Eripis ? utinamhabuissem
AtqueVacuas fecisses ante nefandos
nam fecisses ante nefandos Concubitus criminis um
concubitus! Habuissem um
bras vacuas criminis, tamen si bras : 130
Superi cernunt hoc, si Numina Si tamen hoc Superi cernunt, si Numina Divûm
Divûm sunt aliquid, si omnia Sunt aliquid, si non perierunt omnia mecum :
non perierunt mecum : quan
docunque dabis poenas mihi. Quandocunque mihi poenas dabis. Ipsa, pudore
Ipsa loquar tua facta pudore Projecto, tua facta loquar ; si copia detur, 134
projecto : si copia detur, veni- In populos veniam ; si sylvis clausa tenebor,
am in populos ; si tenebor
clausa in sylvis, implebo syl- Implebo sylvas, et conscia saxa a movebo.
vas, et movebo conscia saxa. Audiat hæc æther, et si Deus ullus in illo est.
Æther audiat hæc, et si ullus Talibus ira feri postquàm commota tyranni,
Deus est in illo. Postquam Nec minor hâc metus est, causâ stimulatus u
ira feri tyranni commota tâli
bus vocibus, nec metus est mi traque, 139
nor hâc, que stimulatus utrâ- Quo fuit accinctus, vaginâ liberat ensem,
que causà ira et timore, liberat Arreptamque comâ, flexis post terga lacertis,
ensem vagina, quo fuit ac- Vincla pati cogit : jugulum Philomela parabat,
cinctus, que cogit arreptam
coma pati vincla, lacertis flexis Spemque suæ mortis viso conceperat ense. 143
post terga : Philomela para- Ille indignanti, et nomen patris usque vocanti,
bat jugulum,
spem que
suæ mortis viso. Ille Luctantique loqui, comprensam forcipe linguam
enseconceperat
ferox abstulit linguam com Abstulit ense ferox . Radix micat ultima linguæ.
prensam forcipe indignanti Ipsa jacet, terræque tremens immurmurat atræ.
illi, et usque vocanti nomen Utque salire solet mutilatæ cauda colubræ, 148
patris, que luctanti loqui.
Ultima radix linguæ micat. Ipsa lingua jacet, que tremens immurmurat terræ atræ san
guine ipsius. Utque cauda mutilata colubræ solet salire, a querelis.

NOTES.

126. Omnia turbasti.] Thou hast con
founded all laws, human and divine.
Pellex.] She is properly called Pellex,
that has criminal connection with a married
man.
127. Tu geminis. ] Thou art a husband to
two, to me and my sister.
Debita Mihi.] Due to me, viz. in being a
harlot to my sister.
128. Quin, &c.] Why do you not take
away my life?
Ne quod, &c.] That no crime may be un
committed by you to me.
130. Vacuas criminis .] I should have been
guiltless.
153. Si non perierunt.] If all justice and
power are not destroyed as well as I.
134. Projecto.] Being cast away, laid
aside.
Si copia. ] If I am able.
157. Ether. Heaven.
159. Nec minor, &c.] His fear of being
betrayed by his sister Philomela, was as
great as his anger.
H&c. ] Than his anger,
Stimulatus.] Being urged on by anger
and fear.
140. Quo, &c.] This is related after the
same manner as above, concerning Pyra
mus.
66 Quoque erat accinctus demisit in ilia
ferrum."
He takes the sword out of the sheath.
142. Jugulum, &c.] She willingly offered
her throat on seeing the sword, that she
might the sooner be killed. "
143. Spemque.] Hopes ; for Philomela
desired to die.
144. Ille.] Tereus.-Usque. ] Incessantly.
145. Luctantique.] Endeavouring.
Forcipe.] With pincers ; a smith's instru
ment, for the more conveniently holding his
work.
146. Abstulit.] He cut out.
Ferox.] He being fierce and cruel.
Micat. Pants, has a throbbing motion.
147. Ipsa.] The tongue being cut off.
148. Mutilata colubræ.] Or a serpent cut
in two. They are said to be mutilait, which
bave a member cut off,
 FAB. VII. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 233

Palpitat ; et moriens dominæ vestigia quærit. palpitat ; et moriens quærit

Hoc quoque post facinus (vix ausim credere) fer vestigia dominæ. Quoque post
hoc facinus (vix ausim crede
Sæpè suâ lacerum repetîsse libidine corpus. [tur re) fertur sæpè repetisse lace
Sustinet ad Procnen post talia facta reverti ; 151 rum corpus suâ libidine. Sus
Conjuge quæ viso germanam quærit ; at ille tinet reverti ad Procnen post
talia facta ; quæ conjuge viso
Dat gemitus fictos, commentaque funera narrat.
Et lacrymæ fecêre fidem. Velamina Procne quærit germanam : at ille dat
fictos gemitus, que narrat
Deripit ex humeris auro fulgentia lato : 156 commenta funera. Et lacry
Induiturque atras vestes ; et inane sepulchrum mæ Terei fecêre fidem ut mors
suæ sororis esset vera. Procne
Constituit : falsisque piacula manibus infert : deripit velamina fulgentia lato
Et luget, non sic lugendæ, fata sororis. auro ex humeris, que induitur
Signa Deus bis sex acto lustraverat anno. 160 atras vestes ; et constituit ina
Quid faciat Philomela? Fugam custodia claudit, ne sepulchrum : que infert pi
1 acula falsis manibus , et luget
Structa rigent solido stabulorum moenia saxo fata sororis non lugendæ sic.
Os mutum facti caret indice. GRANDE doloris Apollo, Deus lucis lustraverat
Ingenium est, miserisque venit solertia rebus. bis sex signa anno acto. Quid
Philomela faciat ? Custodia
Stamina barbaricâ suspendit callida telâ, 165
claudit fugam, structa monia
Purpureasque notas filis intexuit albis, stabulorum rigent solido saxo :
Indicium sceleris, perfectaque tradidit uni, mutum os caret indice facti.
Utque ferat dominæ gestu rogat. Illa rogata Ingenium dolorisestgrande,que
Pertulit ad Procnen, nec scit quid tradat in illis. solertiavenit miserisrebus. Cal
lida suspendit stamina Bar
Evolvit vestes sævi matrona tyranni, 170 baricâ tela, que intexuit pur
pureas notas albis filis, indi
cium sceleris, que tradidit perfecta uni ex famulis, que rogat ut ferat dominæ. Illa rogata
pertulit ad Procnen, nec scit quid tradat in illis. Matrona sævi tyranni evolvit vestes,

NOTES.

149. Palpitat.] Leaps, quivers. twelve months were passed.

150. Post hoc facinus.] After her tongue
was cut out.
151. Lacerum.]. Deprived of her tongue.
152. Sustinet.] He dares, he has the con
fidence.
153. Germanam.] Her sister Philomela.
* 154. Commentaque funera.] The feigned
death of Philomela.
155. Lacrymæ fecêre fidem.] From his
tears Procne really believed that he was sin
cere, and her sister dead.
157. Atras.] Black, mourning.
Inane sepulchrum.] It has been already
observed, that those unhappy souls whose
bodies had not received burial, wandered a
hundred years on this side of Styx ; butthey
reckoned it also of use to raise even a sepul
chre to their honour, honorarium, though
they could not find the body, inane.
158. Falsisque manibus ] To her suppos
ed shade ; for Philomela was not yet dead.
159. Non sic.] Not to be mourned for as
dead, but revenge sought for, and she set at
liberty.
1 160. Lustraverat.] Had passed through
the twelve signs of the Zodiae ; that is,
161. Quid faciat. ] What could she do?
Custodia. ] The keepers set there by Te
reus.
162. Rigent. ] Were obdurate.
Monia.] The walls.
163. Os mutum.] Her dumb mouth could
not make known the wickedness.
164. Ingenium ] Ingenuity, invention ;
her distress had supplied her with sagacity
(solertia) for she now found a method of con
veying her case to P'rocne,
165. Barbaricâ. ] The people of Asia, call
ed barbari by the Greeks and Latins, excelled
in embroidery.
166. Purpureasque notas.] Purple letters.
167. Sceleris. ] The wickedness committed
by Tereus.- Uni. ] scil. ancillæ,
168. Dominæ.] To her mistress, Procne.
170. Evolvit.] She unfolds.
Vestes.] The white cloth in which the
purple letters were wrought by Philomela to
her sister.
Matrona.] Procne, the wife of cruel Te
reus. The wives of princes and men of dis
tinction are called Matronæ, matrons,
Hh
234 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VI,

que legit miserabile carmen Germanæque suæ carmen miserabile legit ;

suæ germanæ. Et silet (mirum Et (mirum potuisse) silet : dolor ora repressit,
potuisse :) dolor repressit ora,
que verba satìs indignantia Verbaque quærenti satis indignantia linguæ
defuerant quærenti lingua, Defuerant ; nec flere vacat ; sed fasque nefasque
nec vacat flere ; sed ruit con- Confusura ruit, pœnæque in imagine tota est,
fusura omne fasque nefasque,
que est tota in imagine poenæ qua afficiat maritum.

NOTES.
171. Miserabile carmen.] The melancholy Sed fasque, &c.] But she, in a rage, is
story of her misfortune. ready to put all things into confusion, both
172. Potuisse ] sc. silere, To hold her human and divine.
peace. 175. Pœnæque in imagine.] And wholly
Repressit .] Checked. intent upon devising fit punishment for the
174. Nec vacat flere.] Nor has she time to crime.
weep.

FAB. VIII. PROCNE IN HIRUNDINEM , PHILOMELA IN LUSCINIAM,

TEREUS IN EPOPEM , & ITYS IN PHASIANUM .
Procne having released her sister Philomela from confinement, brings her
to Court, where they contrive to be revenged for her inhuman injuries.
Itys falling in the Queen's way, she, assisted by her sister, murders him
in her rage. They then disguise the Body, and serve it up at an enter
tainment prepared for the King ; who, on discovering the black contriv.
ance, pursues them in great fury, and they in their flight are changed
into Birds. Pandion , the father of Procne and Philomela, was so affected
with their calamities, that he grieved unto death.
Erat tempus, quo Sithonia TEMPUS erat, quo sacra solent Trieterica
nurus solent celebrare sacra Bacchi
Tricterica Bacchi , Nox con
scia sacris . Rhodope sonat Sithonia celebrare nurus . Nox conscia sacris.
nocte tinnitibus acuti so- Nocte sonat Rhodope tinnitibus æris acuti.
nani's æris. Regina est egres- Nocte suâ est egressa domo regina ; Deique
sa suâ domo nocte que in- Ritibus instruitur ; furialiaque accipit arma. 5
struitur ritibus Dei, que ac-.
cipit furialia arma. Caput Vite a caput tegitur : lateri cervina sinistro
tegitur vite cervina vellera Vellera dependent : humero levis incubat hasta.
dependent
levis hasta sinistro humero.: Concita per sylvas, turbâ comitante suarum,
incubat humero
Procne terribilis, concita per Terribilis Procne, furiisque agitata doloris, 9
sylvas, turbâ suarum comi
tante, que agitata furiis doloris, a Vitta caput tegit et lateri, &c.

NOTES.

1. Tempus erat, &c.] Procne, under pre
tence of joining in the rites of Bacchus, goes
to the wood where she knew her sister was
confined, in the habit and with the attendants
of a bacchanal, and sets her atliberty.
Trieterica.] The trietericks, or sacred rites
dedicated to Bacchus, and solemnized every
three years, which in the Greek are called
ἔτη .
2. Sithonia ] Sithonia is a country of
Thrace.
Nox conscia.] The sacred rights of Bac
chus were performed in the night.
3. Rhodope. ] A mountain of Thrace.
Acuti.] Shrill.
5. Ritibus. 1 According to the rites of
Bacchus. Furialia arma.] Bacchanalian
arms, such as they who celebrated the rites of
Bacchus wore.
6. Cervina vellera. ] Deer skins.
7. Levis hasta. ] A light spear ; which,
when adorned with vine-leaves, was called
Thyrsus. See Book III.
FAB. VIII. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 235

Bacche, tuas simulat. Venit ad stabula avia simulat tuas furias, Bacche.
tandem , Tandem venit ad avia stabula,
[git ;
exululatque, que sonat Evoë,
Exululatque, Evoëque sonat, portasque refrin que refringit portas ; que
Germanamque rapit : raptaque insignia Bacchi rapit germanam ; que induit
Induit, et vultus hederarum frondibus abdit, insignia Bacchi raptæ, et ab
dit vultus frondibus hedera
Attonitamque trahens intrà sua limina ducit. rum, que trahens attonitam
Ut sensit tetigisse domum Philomela nefandam, ducit intrà sua limina. Phi
Horruit infelix, totoque expalluit ore. 16 lomela, ut sensit tetigisse ne
fandam domum, infelix hor
Nacta locum Procne, sacrorum pignora demit, ruit, que expalluit
toto ore.
Oraque develat miseræ pudibunda sorori, Procne nacta locum secretum 1
Amplexuque petit. Sed non attollere contrà demit pignora sacrorum, que
Sustinet hæc oculos, pellex sibi visa sororis, 20 develat pudibunda ora mise
ræ sorori, que petit illam am
Dejectoque in humum vultu. Jurare volenti, plexu. Sed contrà hæc non
Testarique Deos, per vim sibi dedecus illud sustinet, attollere oculos, visa
Illatum, pro voce manus fuit. Ardet, et iram sibi pellex sororis, que vultu
Manus
Non capit ipsa suam Procne : fletumque sororis dejecto in humum.
fuit pro voce volenti jurare,
Corripiens, Non est lacrymis hic, inquit, agen- testarique Deos illud dedecus
dum, [rum illatum sibi per vim. Procne
Sed ferro : sed si quid habes quod vincere fer- ardet, et ipsa non capit su
am iram : que corripiens fle
Possit. In omne nefas ego me, germana, paravi. tum sororis, inquit, Hic non
Aut ego, cùm facibus regalia tecta cremâro, est agendum lacrymis, sed
Artificem mediis immittam Terea flammis ; ferro ; sed, si habes quod
Ger
Aut linguam, et oculos, et quæ tibi membra possit vincere ferrum.
mana, ego paravi me in om
pudorem 30 ne nefas. Aut ego, cùm
Abstulerunt, ferro rapiam ; aut, per vulnera mille, cremâro regalia tecta facibus,
immittam Terea artificem me
Sontem animam expellam, Magnum, quod diis flammis, aut et rapiam
cunque paravi ! [ Procne, linguam, et oculos et mem
Quid sit, adhuc dubito. Peragit dùm talia bra, quæ abstulerunt pudo
Ad matrem veniebat Itys. Quid possit, ab illo rem tibi, ferro ; aut expel
lam sontem animam, per mille
vulnera. Quod cunque para
yi est magnum. Quid sit, adhuc dubito. Dùm Procne peragit talia, Itys veniebat ad ina
trem. Admonita est ab illo quid possit,

NOTES.

10. Tuas.] scil, furias. her voice - Ardet.] Is in a rage.

Avia.] Unfrequented, hid in the woods.
11. Evoë. ] She makes use of the cries of
the Bacchanalians.
12. Germanam. ] Her sister Philomela.
Insignia Bacchi.] The habit of the Bac
chanalians.
13. Abdit vultus. ] She hides her face, that
she might not be known.
16. Horruit. ] She is terrified at the re
membrance of what she suffered from Te
reus.
17. Pignora sacrorum. ] The ornaments of
the sacrifices of Bacchus.
Demit ] She uncovers.
22. Testarique. ] To call to witness.
Illud dedecus.] That shame,
23. Pro voce.] She signifies that with
her hand, which she could not express by
25. Corripiens.] Reproving, condemning.
Non est, &c ] The Order ; " hìc non a
gendum est lacrymis, sed ferro ; sed eo quod
possit vincere ferrum, si quid habes ." 1
27. In omne nefas.] To commit all man
ner of mischief.
29. Artificem. ] Tereus, the author of
such a villany.
50. Pudorem.] Virginity.
51. Abstulerunt. ] A Systole.
52. Sontem, &c.] The impious.
Magnum. ] scil. est.
35. Quid sit.] sc. futurum. I have not
yet come to a resolution what punishment to
inflict upon Tereus.
Peragit, &c.] While Procne is speaking
and threatening these things.
54, Quid possit, &c. ] The sight of the
236 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. vi.

que tuens immitibus oculis, Admonita est ; oculisque tuens immitibus, Ah !

dixit, Ah ! quàm similis es 35
patri ! Nec locuta plura parat quam
triste facinus, que exæstuat Es similis patri ! dixit. Nec plura locuta
tacità irâ. Tamen ut natus Triste parat facinus, tacitâque exæstuat irâ.
accessit, que attulit salutem Ut tamen accessit natus, matrique salutem
matri. et adduxit colla par
vis lacertis, que junxit oscula Attulit, et parvis adduxit colla lacertis,
mista puerilibus blanditiis ; Mistaque blanditiis puerilibus oscula junxit ; 40
genitrix quidem est mota ; Mota quidem est genitrix ; infractaque constitit
que ira constitit infracta : que Invitique oculi lacrymis maduêre coactis. [ ira :
inviti oculi maquêre coactis
lacrymis. Sed simul sensit Sed simul ex nimiâ matrem pietate labare
matrem labare ex nimiâ pie- Sensit ; ab hôc iterum est ad vultus yersa sororis :
tate : versa est ad vultus so- Inque vicem spectans ambos ; Cur admovet, in
roris iterum ab hoc, que spec
quit, 45
tans ambos in vicem, inquit ;
Cur alter admovet blanditias ? Alter blanditias ; Raptâ silet altera linguâ ?
Altera linguâ raptâ silet. Quem vocat hic matrem, cur non vocat illa so
Quam hic vocat matrem, cur rorem ?
illa non vocat sororem ? Na
ta Pandione vide cui marito Cui sis nupta vide, Pandione nata, marito :
sis nupta : degeneras, à pristi- Degeneras. Scelus est pietas in conjuge Tereo.
na charitate. Scelus pietas Nec mora : traxit Ityn : veluti Gangetica cervæ
in conjuge Tereo. estNec est Lactentem fœtum per sylvas tigris opacas. 51
mora : traxit ltyn : veluti
Gangetica tigris rapit lacten- Utque domus altæ partem tenuêre remotam ,
tem fœtum cervæ per opacas Tendentemque manus, etjam sua fatavidentem,
sylvas. Utque tenuêre re- Et Mater, Mater, clamantem , et colla petentem,
motam partem altæ domus,
Procne ferit puerum ense quâ Ense ferit Procne, lateri quà pectus adhæret. 55
pectus adhæret lateri, tenden- Nec vultum avertit : satis illi ad fata vel unum
tem manus et jam videntem
sua fata, et clamantem Mater, Mater et colla petentem. Nec avertit vultum ; vel unum
vulnus erat satis illi ad fata. a mentem. b Luctantem,
14

NOTES.

child suggests the method of revenge, which*
she pursues.
35. Admonita est.] On the sight of Itys,
she determines to kill him, by way of pun
ishing his father.
57. Triste.] A horrible act.
Tacitâ. ] Concealed ; for she dissembled
her38.
anger to Itys.
Accessit.]
P He came nigh.
39. Adduxit.] He embraced.
41. Infracta constitit. ] The anger which
Procne had conceived against her son was
softened by his endearing carriage to
her.
42. Invitique.] Unwilling. Our poet here
puts matrem for the motherly affection of
Procne.
45. Matrem.] The mother, i. e. herself
with the tenderness of a mother.
44. Ab hôc.] From the sight of Itys.
45. Inque vicem.] And again by turns.
48. Pandione nata.] Proche speaks to
herself: q. d " Ego nata sum è Pandione
2
viro generosissimo, omnique virtute prædito
rége." 1
Cui marito.] q d. The most base, the
most wicked of all men.
49. Degeneras.] You degenerate from
your kindred, if you suffer such a wicked
ness long. -Scelus est, &c.] It is a sin to
show any affection to such a husband. Ob
serve the scanning of this line.
Conjuge Tereo.] Toward " her husband
Tereus.
40. Nec mora, &c ] As soon as she had
said that it was wickedness to show any
duty or affection to Tereus, she dragged
Itys into a private apartment of the house.
Gangetica: ] Indian, from the great river
Ganges in India.
Cervæ.] A Periphrasis of a Hind.
53. Tendentem manus.] Supplicating her.
55. Adhæret.] Is joined to. Itys was
wounded by his mother between the side and
the breast.
56. Ad fata. ] To death.
 FAB. VIII. METAMORPHOSEON.
237

Vulnus erat. Jugulum ferro Philomela resolvit, Philomela resolvit jugulum

Vivaque adhuc , animæque aliquid retinentia ferro,
adhuc que
viva,dilaniant membra
que retinentia ali
membra
quid animæ. Indè pars exul
Dilaniant. Pars indè cavis exultat ahenis, 1 tat cavis ahenis ; pars stridet
Pars verubus stridet ; manant penetralia tabo. verubus ; penetralia manant
His adhibet conjux ignarum Terea mensis : 61 taho. Conjux adhibet Terea
ignarum cædesfilii his mensis,
Et patrii moris sacrum mentita, quod uni et mentita sacrum patrii mo
Fas sit adire viro, comites famulosque removit. ris, quod fas sit uni viro ad
Ipse sedens solio Tereus sublimis avito [vum. ire, removit comites famulos
que. Tereus ipse sedens sub
Vescitur : inque suam sua viscera congerit al- limis avito solio, vescitur : que
Tantaque nox animi est, Ityn hùc accersite, congerit sua viscera in suam
dixit. 66 alvum. Tantaque est nox ani
Dissimulare nequit crudelia gaudia Procne, mi, dixit, Accersite Ityn hùc.
Procne nequit dissimulare
Jamque suæ cupiens existere nuncia cladis, crudelia gaudia, jamque cupi
Intùs habes, quod poscis, ait. Circumspicit ille, ens existere nuncia sua cladis,
Atque ubi sit, quærit ? Quærenti, iterumque ait, Ille Habes atqueposcis.
intùs quod
circumspicit, quæ
vocanti, 70 rit ubi sit ? Philomela, sicut
Sicut erat sparsis furiali cæde capillis, erat capillis sparsis furiali
Prosiliit, Ityosque caput, Philomela, cruentum cæde, prosiliit quærenti et
iterum vocanti ; que misit
Misit in ora patris : nec tempore maluit ullo cruentu caput Ityos in ora
m
Posse loqui, et a meritis testari gaudia dictis. patris : nec maluit ullo tem
Thracius ingenti mensas clamore repellit, 75 pore posse loqui, et testari
Vipereasque ciet Stygiâ de valle sorores : gaudia meritis dictis. Thra
cius Rexrepellit mensas ingen
Et modò, si possit, reserato pectore, diras ti clamore, que ciet vipereas
Egerere indè dapes, semesaque viscera gestit ; sorores de Stygiâ valle : et
Flet modò, seque vocat bustum miserabile nati ; gestit si modò possit, pectore
Nunc sequitur nudo genitas Pandione ferro. 80 reserato, egerere diras dapes
indè, semesaque viscera. Mo
dò flet, que vocat se miserabile bustum nati ; nunc sequitur genitas Pandione nudo ferro.
a mentis. ¿ demersaque.

NOTES.
#
59. Exultat.] Boils ; the flesh of Itys was
part boiled, and part roasted.
60.] Penetralia manant.] The interior
parts of the house flow with the blood of
Itys.
61. Ignarum.] Ignorant of the murder
of his son.- His mensis.] To this feast.
The thing containing, for the thing contain
ed.
62. Patrii moris, &c.] She pretended to
celebrate a religious Athenian Feast, at
which no man was allowed to be present but
the husband.
63. Removit.] She sent away.
64. Solio avito.] In the throne of his
grandfathers.
63. Sua viscera.] Namely, his own son.
66. Nox.] Blindness.
Accersite.] Call ye hither.
67. Neque dissimulare. ] She cannot hide.
Crudelia gaudia.] Her cruel exultation ,
68. Jamque . And presently,
69. Intùs.] Within thyself.-Ille. ] Tereus.
70. Ubi sit. ] Where Itys can be.
74. Meritis dictis.] In apt words, suited to
the wrongs she had received.
75. Thracius.] Tereus, the Thracian ty
rant.
Repellit. ] Overturns.
76. Ciet. ] He calls.
Stygiâ de valle .] From the regions below.
Sorores.] The Furies, which are said to
have vipers instead of hair.
77. Reserato pectore.] By tearing open
his breast.
78. Egerere.] To cast out, to vomit up.
Semesaque. ] The bowels of his son half
eaten.
Gestit.] He desires earnestly.
79. Bustum.] The sepulchre of his son, for
he had the flesh of his son in his stomach,
80. Nunc sequitur. ] Sometimes he pur
sues.
Nudo ferro. ] With a drawn sword,
288 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VI.

Putares corpora Ceeropidum Corpora Cecropidum pennis pendere putares ;

pendere pennis ; pendebant Pendebant pennis. Quarum petit altera sylvas,
pennis. Altera quarum petit
sylvas, altera subit tecta. Ne- Altera tecta subit. Neque adhuc de pectore cædis
que notæ cædis adhuc exces- Excessêre notæ, signataque sanguine pluma est.
sère de pectore, que pluma Ille dolore a suo, pœnæque cupidine velox, 85
est signata sanguine. Ille ve
in vertice cristæ ;
lox suo dolore, que cupidine Vertitur in volucrem ; cui stant
pœnæ, vertitur in volucrem ; Prominet immodicum, pro longâ cuspide , rostrum.
cui crista stant in vertice ; im- Nomen Epops volucri ; facies armata videtur.
modicum rostrum prominet Hic dolor antè diem, longæ que extrema senectæ
pro longâ cuspide . Nomen
volueri Epops ; facies videtur Tempora, Tartareas Pandiona misit ad umbras.
armata. Hic dolor misit Pandiona antè diem, et extrema tempora longæ senectæ, ad Tar
tareas umbras. a furens.

NOTES.
81. Cecropidum.] Of the Athenians,
Procne and Philomela.- Putares, &c.] One
would think they were poised in the air by
wings, and they were in fact turned into
birds.
82. Petit-sylvas.] Philomela the Night
ingale.
85. Tecta subit altera.] Procne the Swal
low keeps about buildings. - Cædis- notæ.]
A swallow has red feathers in the breast.
84. Signataque, &c.] And the feathers
were spotted with blood.
85. Ille. ] Tereus.Pœnæque.] Of re
venge upon Procne and Philomela.
86. Stant. ] Stand up, are raised.
87. Immodicum ] Very great.
Pro longâ cuspide. ] For the long sword
with which he followed them.
90. Umbras ] To the regions below, i. e.
Pandion, the father of Procne, died for grief.

EXP. FAB . VII. & VIII. The subjects of these two Fables are pretty fully
related in the Arguments, and are said to have their foundation in history.
The vengeance taken by Procne is so very unnatural, that we must sup
pose her ( through grief) deprived of her reason, and in that state joined
in the rites of Bacchus, wherein were admitted all sorts of extravagance.
The king, in his rage, drawing his sword to kill his wife and sister-in-law,
they escaped on board a ship provided for the purpose, and arrived at
Athens. In the remote ages, the adventures of persons of distinction
were ever blended with the marvellous ; so here we find the intervention of
the gods, who changed Procne into a Swallow, Philomela into a Nightin
gale, Itys into a Pheasant or Goldfinch, and Tereus into a Lapwing. The
events related in this history are remarkable instances of those calamities
which constantly pursue the wicked. The extraordinary manner in which
Philomela made known her situation, does most beautifully show the super
intendance of a being far superior to man.

FAB . IX. ORITHYIÆ RAPTUS. ZETES ET CALAIS EX PARTE IN AVES.

Boreas not being able to obtain the consent of Erechtheus, king of Athens,
for the marriage of his daughter Orithyia, takes the young princess by
force in his arins, and carries her into Thrace ; where she bears him two
sons, Calaïs and Zethes ; who, as they grow up, get wings like their
father, and embark with Jason in search ofthe Golden Fleece.

2
 FAB. 1X. METAMORPHOSEON . 239

SCEPTRA loci, rerumque capit moderamen Erechtheus capit sceptra

Erechtheus. loci; que moderamen rerum .
Dubium fueritne potentior
Justitiâ dubium, validisne potentior armis. justitiâ, an validis armis.
Quatuor ille quidem juvenes, totidemque creârat Quidem ille creârat quatuor
Fœmineæ sortis ; sed erat par forma duarum . juvenes, totidemque fœmineæ
sortis ; sed forma duarum
E quibus Æolides Cephalus te conjuge felix, erat par. E quibus Cephalus
Procri, fuit : Borea Tereus Thracesque noce- Eolides fuit felix te conjuge,
bant ; 6 Procri Tereus, que Thraces
Dilectâque diu caruit Deus Orithyiâ ; [uti. nocebant Boreæ : que Deus
caruit diu dilecta Orithyià ;
Dùm rogat, et precibus mavult quàm viribus dùmrogat, et mavult uti pre
Ast ubi blanditiis agitur nihil, horridus ira ; 9 cibus quâm viribus. Ast ubi
Quæ solita est illi, nimiùmque domestica, vento ; nihil agitur blanditiis, horri
dus irâ ; quæ est solita, nimi
Et, Meritò, dixit : Quid enim mea tela reliqui, umque domestica vento : Et
Sævitiam, et vires, iramque, animosque minaces, dixit, Meritò, quid enim reli
Admovique preces, quarum me dedecet usus ? qui mea tela, sævitiam et
Apta mihi vis est. Vi tristia nubila pello, vires, iramque, que minaces
animos, admovique preces,
Vi fretá concutio, nodosa robora verto, 15 usus quarum dedecet me ?
Induroque nives, et terras grandine pulso. Vis est apta mihi : pello tris
Idem ego cùm fratres cœlo sum nactus aperto, tia nubila vi, concutio freta
( Nam mihi campus is est ) tanto molimine luctor ; vi, verto nodosa robora vi,
Que induro nives, et pulso
Ut medius nostris concursibus intonet æther ; terras grandine
Ego idem
Exiliantque cavis elisi nubibus ignes . 20 cùm nactus sum fratres aper
Idem ego, cùm subii convexa foramina terræ, to cœlo. (nam is est campus
mihi) luctor tanto molimine
Supposuique ferox imis mea terga cavernis ; ut medius æther intonet nos;
Solicito manes, totumque tremoribus orbem. tris concursibus ; que ignes
Hâc ope debueram thalamos petiisse : socerque elisi cavis nubibus exiliant.
Non orandus erat, sed vi faciendus Erectheus. Ego idem, cum subii convexa
foramina terræ, que ferox
Hæc Boreas, aut his non inferiora locutus 26 supposui mea terga imis ca
Excussit pennas. Quarum jactatibus omnis vernis; solicito manes, totum
Afflata est tellus, latumque perhorruit æquor, que orbem tremoribus. De
bueram petiisse thalamos hâc
ope, que Erechtheus non erat
orandus socer mihi, sed faciendus vi. Boreas locutus hæc, aut non inferiora his, excussit
> pennas. Jactatibus quarum omnis tellus est afflata, que latum æquor perhorruit.

NOTES.

1. Sceptra.] The empire of the Athenians. 13. Admovi.] I joined, I added.

Moderamen.] The government of the
kingdom
4. Par forma.] He says, that of four
daughters, two were equal in beauty : Pro
cris, who married Cephalus, the son of Dei
oneus ; and Orithyia, who is said to be car
ried away by the wind Boreas.
5. Eolides. ] The grandson of Eolus :
for Eolus was the father of Deionens.
7. Deus ] Boreas.
9. Horridus.] Terrible with indignation .
He describes the nature of Boreas ; for it is a
very impetuous and violent wind.
11. Et meritò.] Boreas confesses that he
was deservedly maltreated, because he used
fair speeches, and not force.
Quarum, &c.] Which it is unbecoming me
to use.
17. Fratres.] The winds.
Cœlo aperto.] In the open air, in which
winds, as it were, fight with one another.
18. Tanto. ] I resist with so great force.
19. Medius . ] Ovid follows the opinion of
the naturalists, who say thunder is produced
by the collision of clouds.
20. Ignes elisi. ] Fire expelled, i. e. Light
ning.
Foramina.] Earthquakes, according to the
opinion of naturalists, are caused by winds
pent up in the caverns of the earth, which,
struggling for vent, cause those violent
eruptions ofthe earth.
240 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VI.

Que trahens pulveream pal- Pulvereamque trahens per summa cacumina

lam per summa cacumina 29
verrit humum, que tectus ca pallam,
ligine, amans amplectitur Verrit humum, pavidamque metu, caligine tectus,
Orithyian pavidam metu, ful- Orithyian amans fulvis amplectitur alis.
vis alis. Dùm volat; ignes Dùm volat, arserunt agitati fortiùs ignes :
agitati arserunt fortiùs nec Nec priùs aërii cursûs suppressit habenas, 33
raptor suppressit habenas: aërii
cursûs priùs quàm tenuit Quàm Ciconum tenuit a populos, et mania, raptor.
populos et moenia Ciconum . Illic et gelidi conjux Actæa tyranni,
Et illic Actaea facta est conjux Et genitrix facta est, partuque enixa gemellos,
gelidi tyranni et genitrix: Cætera qui matris, pennas genitoris, haberent.
que enixa gemellos partu , qui
haberent pennas genitoris, Non tamen has unà memorant cum corpore
cætera matris. Tamen non natas :
memorant has natas unà cum Barbaque dum rutilis aberat subnixa capillis,
corpore : que Calais puer
Zethesque fuerunt implumes, Implumes Calaisque puer Zethesque fuerunt.
dùm barba aberat subnixa Mox pariter ritu penuæ cœpère volucrum 41
rutilis capillis. Mox penna Cingereutrumque latus, pariter flavesceremale.
cœpêre cingere utrumque
latus pariter, ritu volucrum, Ergò ubi concessit tempus puerile juventæ,
malæ flavescere pariter. Er- Vellera cum Minyis nitido radiantia villo,
gò ubi puerile tempus con- Per mare non notum primâ petiêre carinâ. 45
cessit juventa, petiêre vel
lera radiantia nitido villo
prim . carinâ cum Minyis, per mare non notum.
a populos, sua mœnis.

NOTES.

29. Pulveream pallam.] A dusty garment,
which is elegantly attributed to Boreas ;
because when that wind blows, a violent
dust is raised.
32. Ignes.] Love.
33. Nec priùs, &c.] Nor did he cease
flying, till he came to the Cicones, a city of
Thrace.
Aerii.] Of his high flight.
35. Actæa. ] Athenian Orithyia, from king
Actæus. Gelidi tyranni.] The north wind,
which is the coldest.
37. Pennas.] The wings of his father
Boreas.
39. Subnixa.] Covered.
Rutilis capillis.] With yellow hairs.
40. Implumes . ] Without feathers and
wings.
42. Flavescere. ] Become yellow, the
down growing .
43. Ergo, &c.] After they became young
men, they sailed with the " rest of the
Argonauts, to steal the Golden Fleece.
Concessit.] Gave place.
44. Vellera.] The golden skin of the ram.
Minyis.] A people of Thessaly, the
principal ofthe Argonauts.
45. Primâ.] In the first ship, called Argo;
but this will more fully be shown in the next
Book.

EXP. FAB. IX. This fable has its foundation in history, which Ovid, a
greeable to his manner, has ornamented with a number of incidents, and
on which he finely displays his genius. History relates that Boreas, king
of Thrace, seized Orithyia, one of the daughters of Erechtheus, king of
Athens, as she was passing the river Ilissus, and carried her into his own
dominions, where she bore him twins, Calaïs and Zethes.
 ( 241 ) .

P. OVIDII NASONIS

METAMORPHOSEON,

LIBER VII.

FAE. I. JASON, ESONIS FILIUS, COLCHOS AD PELLEM AUREAM

AD PORTANDAM NAVIGAT.

THE ARGUMENT.

Jason, after a variety of Adventures, arrives with the Argonauts at Col

chis, and demands the Golden Fleece : Medea falls in love with the
young Prince, and, by the Power of her enchantments, protects him
from the dangers he had to encounter, in possessing himself of it. The
Hero obtains the Prize, carries off Medea, and returns in triumph to
Thessaly.

JAMQUE fretum Minya Pagasæâ puppe se Jamque Minya secabant fre

cabant, tum Pagasæâ puppe, que Phi
n'eus visus erat trahens inopem
Perpetuâque trahens inopem sub nocte senectam senectam, sub perpetuâ nocte ;
Phineus visus erat ; juvenesque Aquilone creati juvenesque creati Aquilonefu
gârant virgineas volucres ore
Virgineas volucres miseri senis ore fugârant. miseri senis. Que perpessi mul
Multaque perpessi claro sub läsone ; tandem 5 tasubclaro Iasone,tandem con
Contigerant rapidas limosi Phasidos undas. tigerant rapidas undas limosi
Dùmque adeunt regem, Phryxeaque vellera pos Phasidos. Dùmque adeunt re
cunt, [borum : gem, que poscunt Phryxea vel
lera, que lex horrenda magno
Lexque datur Minyis magnorum horrenda la rum laborum datur Minyis : in
Concipit intereà validos etias ignes, tereà étias concipit validos
ignes,

NOTES.

2. Minya.] A people of Thessaly. 4. Virgineas.] Harpies who had the faces

Pagasaa. In the ship Argo, built under of virgins,
Pagasa, a promontory and town of Thessa 7. Regem.] The king of Colchis, Æetes.
ly. 8. Lex.] The condition, or terms, upon
3, Phineus ] A king of Arcadia, who, for which alone he could get the fleece.
his impiety towards Plexippus and Pandi Magnorum laborum .] For the number of
on, sons of Cleopatra, the daughter of great, or hazardous adventures.
Boreas and Orithyia, was punished by the 9. Eetias. ] Gen. adis, the daughter of
gods who sent Harpies, to devour and ren Eetes, Medea.---- Concipit, &c She falle
der impure such meat as was set before him. violently in love with him.
Juvenesque.] Calais and Zethes.
I i
242 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VII.

Et ratione luctata diu, post- Et luctata diu, postquàm ratione furorem

quàm non poterat vincere fu- Vincere nonpoterat ; Frustrâ, Medea, repugnas ;
rorem, Medea ait, repugnas
frustrà : quis nescio Deus Nescio quis Deus obstat, ait; mirumque nisi hoc
obstat ; que mirum nisi hoc est, [ catur.
est: aut certè aliquid simile Aut aliquid certè simile huic, quod amare vo
huic, quod vocatur
Nam curjussa patrisamare.—
videntur Nam cur jussa patris nimiùm mihi dura viden
nimium dura mihi ? Quoque tur? [que vidi,
sunt nimis dura. Denique cur Sunt quoque dura nimis. Cur, quem modó deni
timeo pereat, quem vidi Ne pereat timeo ? Quæ tanti causa timoris ? 16
modò ? neQuæ causa tanti ti
moris? Infelix si potes, excute Excute virgineo conceptas pectore flammas,
flammas conceptas virgineo Si potes infelix. Si possem, sanior essem :
pectore. Si possem, essem Sed trahit invitam nova vis : aliudque cupido,
sanior; sed, Nova vistrahit in- Mens aliud suadet. Video meliora , proboque :
bitam, que cupido suadet aliud,
mensaliud. Videomeliorapro- Deteriora sequor. Quid in hospite, regia virgo,
boque ; sequor deteriora. Quid Ureris ? Et thalamos alieni concipis orbis ?
regia virgo ureris in hospite ? Hæc quoque terra potest, quod ames, dare. Vivat,
Et concipis thalamos alieni or an ille [cari
bis ? Hæc quoque terra potest
dare quod ames. Est in Dis,an Occidat, in Dis est. Vivat tamen. Idque pre
ille vivat an occidat. Tamen Vel sinè amore, licet. Quid enim commisit lä
vivat. Idque licet precari vel son ? 25
sinè amore. Quid enim Täson
commisit ? Quam, nisi crude- Quam, nisi crudelem, non tangat läsonis ætas,
lem , ætas läsonis, et genus, et Et genus,et virtus? Quam non, ut cætera desint,
virtus, non tangat? Quam, non Forma movere potest? Cértè mea pectora movit.
potest forma movere, ut cæte
ra desint? Certè movit mea
pectora.
NOTES.

10, Luctata.] And after she had long
struggled with her love.
Furorem. ] The rage of love.
11. Frustrâ Medea, &c. ] From this to
effuge crimen, V. 71 is a soliloquy of Me
dea's she reasons with herself why she
should, and why she should not, assist
Jason. You have here a lively picture of
the conflict between her duty to her father,
and her love of Jason ; and the poet, as he
does but too frequently, suffers the criminal
passion to prevail.
14 Nam cur, &c ] Else why should I
think the terms proposed by my father to
Jason severe ?
Nimiûm dura. He was to yoke those
untameable oxen which breathed fire out of
their nostrils ; to sustain the attack ofa num
ber of armed men, and to overcome the
watchful dragon.
15. Modò.] But lately, just now.
16. Tanti timoris.] Of so great solici
tude.
17. Excute . Cast off.
19. Nova vis.] The power of love which I
never experienced before.
Aliud aliud.] When this adjective is re
peated with opposition in different causes, the
first signifies one thing, the latter, another
Love persuades one thing, and reason
another.
20. Video meliora, proboque.] I see and
approve the right. These words 8 are´ extant
in the Medea of Euripides.
21. Deteriora sequor.] I pursue the
wrong.
Quid in hospite.] Why, being a king's
daughter, are you so much inflamed with
the love of a stranger ? Ourpoet very finely
expresses here, and in the following sen
tences, the struggle that was in Medea's
mind between reason and love.
Regia virgo.] The daughter of a king.
22. Thalamos.] Marriage. Thalamus is
properly the chamber of a bride and bride
groom .
Alieni orbis.] Of another country .
24. In Dîs.] In the hands and power of
the gods.
25. Quid, &c.] What evil has he done ?
26. Tangat.] Move.
27. Virtus.] His courage and strength of
body- Ut cætera desint.] Say that he was
in other respects deficient.
28. Movere.] Captivate.
 PAB. I. METAMORPHOSEON. 243

At nisi opem tulero, taurorum afflabitur ore : At nisi tulero opem, afflabitur
taurorum : concurretque
Concurretque sua segeti, tellure creatis 30 ore
suæ segeti, hostibus creatis
Hostibus aut avido dabitur fera præda draconi, tellure : aut dabitur fera præda
Hoc ego si patiar, tùm me de tigride natam, avido draconi. Si ego patiar
Tùm ferrum, et scopulos gestare in corde fatebor. hoc, tùm fatebor me natarn
Cur non et specto pereuntem, oculosque vi tigride, tùm gestare ferrum et
scopulos in corde. Cur non et
dendo 34 specto pereuntem, que con
Conscelero? Cur non tauros exhortor in illum ? scelero oculos videndo ? Cur
Terrigenasque feros, insopitumque draconem ? non exhortor tauros in illum,
que terrigenas feros, que in
Dî meliora velint ! Quanquam non ista precanda , sopitum draconem ? Di velint
Sed facienda mihi. Prodamne ego regna pa- meliora ! Quanquam ista non
rentis, precanda sed facienda mihi.
Atque openescio quis servabitur advena nostra? Prodamne ego regna parentis.
Atque nescio quis advena ser
Ut, per me sospes, sinè me det lintea ventis, 40 vabitur nostrâ ope? ut sospes
Virque sit alterius ; pœnæ Medea relinquar ? per me, det lintea ventis sinè
Si facere hoc, aliamve potest præponere nobis, me, que sit vir alterius ; ego
interim Medea relinquor
Occidat ingratus. Sed non is vultus in illo, pœnæ? Si potest facere hoc,
Non ea nobilitas animo est, ea gratia formæ : ve præponere aliam nobis, oc
Uttimeamfraudem, meritique oblivia nostri. 45 eidat ingratus. Sed non is
Et dabit ante fidem, cogamque in fœdera testes vultus in illo, non ca nobilitas
est animo, ea gratia formæ ;
Esse Deos. Quid a tuta times ? Accingere ; uttimeam fraudem, queoblivią
et omnem nostri meriti. Et dabit fidem,
S Pelle moram. Tibi se semper debebit läson. ante quàmjuvem eum, mefutu
ram uxorem sibi, que cogam
Te face solemni junget sibi, perque Pelasgas Deos esse testes in fœdera.
Servatrix urbes matrum celebrabere turbâ. 50 Quid times tuta? Accingere ;
et pelle omnem moram. Iäson debebit se semper tibi. Junget tibi solemni face, que
celebrabere servatrix per Pelasgas urbes turba matrum.
a stulta.

NOTES.
29. Taurorum orc.] For Jason was country and leave me behind.
obliged to yoke the oxen that breathed fire Det lintea.] That he should fall back;
out of their nostrils. for dare lintea et vela ventis, is to sail.
30. Concurretque.] And to fight with the 41. Poena.] Either to grief, for the love I
armed men that sprang out of the earth have for him, or to the punishment that I
from the dragon's teeth - Suæ.] Sowed by shall suffer from my father.
him. 45. Occidat ingratus. ] Let the ungrateful
31. Avido.] Insatiable. man perish.Non is.] Not such.
32. Hoc ego, &c.] If I can suffer Jason 46. Ante fidem. ] And before I give him
to be exposed to the dragon. my assistance, he shall promise me, upon
Tùm me, &c.] Then will I confess myself oath, to make me his wife. Dare fidem, is
to be the most cruel person living. to promise any thing religiously.
35. Conscelero. Why do I not profane 47. Accingere. ] The imperative passive.
my eyes with the dismal scene ? An irony. Accingo, signifies literally to gird up one's
by which Medea argues the impossibility of clothes ; and because the Romans who
such things. -Exhortor, &c.] Do I not wore flowing loose robes, bound them up,
animate the bulls against him ? 盆 when they set about any work that required
36. Terrigenas. Men sprung out of the activity ; it signifies also to prepare or set
-
earth.- -Insopituinque.] Wakeful, which about doing any thing with alacrity aud
never sleeps. spirit.
57. Non ista, &c.] Prayers will avail 48. Tibi, &c.] Gratitude for his life pre
nothing something must be done to help served, will bind Jason to you for ever.
him effectually beyond mere wishes , and 49. Face solemni.] By lawful matrimony,
prayers, the token of which is five torches, which,
33. Nescio quis.] As though she should according to the Roman custom, werecarried
say, an unknown stranger. before the new-married bride.
* 40. Utper me, &c,] That being preserved 50. Servatrix, &c. ] Thou shalt be extolled
by my assistance, he should return to his own as the preserver of the Grecian youth.
 244 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VII.

Ergo ego ablata ventis relin- Ergo ego germanam, fratremque, patremque,
quam germanam, fratrem ue
patremque, Deosque et natale Deosque,
nquam ?
solum ? Nempèpater est sævus, Et natale solum ventis ablata reli
nempè mea tellus est barbara, Nempè pater sævus, nempè est mea barbara tellus,
frater adhuc infans? vota soro- Frater adhuc infans : stant mecum vota sororis .
risstant mecum. Maximus De- Maximus intrà me Deus est. Non magna re
us est intrà me. Non relin
quam magna, sequar magna ; linquam, 55
titulum servatæ pubis Achive, Magna sequar; titulum servatæ pubis Achivæ,
que notitiam melioris loci, et Notitiamque loci melioris, et oppida, quorum
oppida, fama viget hic
quoque, cultusque artesque Hic quoque fama viget, cultusque, artesque
virorum ; que sonidem,quem virorum :
velim mutasse cum rebus quas Quemque ego cum rebus, quas totus possidet orbis,
totus orbis possidet ; quo con- sonidem mutâsse velim ; quo conjuge felix, 60
juge ferar, felix et cara Dis,
ettangam sideravertice. Quid, Et Dîs cara ferar, et vertice sidera tangam.
quòd nescio qui montes dican- Quid, quod nescio qui mediis concurrere in undis
tur concurrere mediis undis ? Dicuntur montes ? ratibusque inimica Charybdis,
que Charybdis inimica ratibus, Nunc sorbere fretum, nunc reddere ; cinctaque
nunc sorbere fretum, nunc 44 sævis
reddere ; que rapax Scylla 64
cincta savis canibus latrare Scylla rapax canibus, Siculo latrare profundo?
Siculoprofundo ? Nempèferar Nempè tenens quod amo, gremioque in Iasonis
per longa freta, tenens, quod hærens,
amo, que hærens in gremio
Jasonis. Amplexaillum vere Per freta longa ferar. Nihil illum amplexa verebor ;
bor nihil : aut si metuam quid, Aut si quid metuam, metuam de conjuge solo.
metuam de conjuge solo. Conjugiumne putas, speciosaque nomina culpæ
Putasne conjugium, Medea,
imponisque speciosa nomina Imponis, Medea, tuæ? Quin aspice quantum 70
9
tuæ culpæ ? Quin aspice
quantum
NOTES.
51. Ergo ego.] Medea hitherto followed exchange for all the world.
the dictates of her love, she now returns to 60. Esoniden.] The son of Eson, Jason,
the duty she owed her father and her country; soniden is the accusative depending on
but soon quits it again.-Germanam.] My sequar ; for it is joined by que in the line
sister Chalciope -Fratremque:] Absyrtus. above, to artes and cultus, and the other
52. Natale solum.] This is a known ex accusatives which depend on sequar. ·
pression. Que conjuge.] The ablative absolute.
Ablata ventis.] Wafted hence by the winds. 61. Vertice sidera tangam.] And I shall
Relinquam.] Can I leave. She complains think myself the happiest woman in the
in a letter which she sent to Jason, that world. ".
she had generously done this for him: Læse 62. Quid. ] scil. refert, quod nescio, &c.
pater, usque ad Perdomuisse virum. Again, What matters it, that a voyage is dangerous,
in the same epistle : I shall regard no danger when I am with
4 1
Redde torum pro quo tot res, insana, reliqui. Jason.
Adde fidem dictis, auxiliumque refer. Mediis concurrere in undis.] The poets
53. Nempè. ] Medea answers her objec 1
feigned that mountains or promontories in
tions, and resolves to assist Jason, and to the sea often rushed together, and destroyed
have him for a husband.-- Nempe ] In the unfortunate ships which happened to be
deed. in the way. "A
54. Stant mecum.] My sister Chalciope 63. Charybdis. A dangerous whirlpool in
1 #
is of my opinion. Chalciope was a favourer the bay of Sicily.
of Jason. *** A 64. Reddere. ] Throws it out again.
55. Deus.] Cupid. Cinctaque ] Encompassed with furious
56. Titulum.] Glory. dogs, for her thighs are said to be turned into
57. Melioris Floci.] Of a more civilized dogs. :
place. 69. Conjugiumne putas. ] Another objec
58. Ilic.] Whose fame even here is great. tion. Mi
Cultusque.] The dress. i Speciosa.] Plausible.
59. Quemque, &c.] Whom I would not 70. Quin. ] Nay but.-Aspice.] Consider.
"I 1
 FAB. 1. METAMORFHOSEΩN . 245

Aggrediare nefas ; et, dûm licet, effuge crimen , nefas aggrediare ; et dùm licet,
Dixit, et antè oculos rectum, pietasque, pudor- tum, Dixit, etcon
crimen. pudorque
effugepietasque, rec
que, stiterant ad resistendum amori
Constiterant, et victa dabat jam terga Cupido. ante oculos, etCupido victajam
Ibat ad antiquas Hecates Perseïdos aras : dabat terga. Ibat ad antiquas
aras Perseidos Hecates ; quas
Quas nemus umbrosum, a secretaque sylva te umbrosum nemus sacrataque
gebant : 75 sylva tegebant ; et jam ardor
Et jam fractus erat, pulsusque resederat ardor. fractus erat, que pulsus resede
Cum videt Æsonidem, extinctaque flamma re- rat. Cùm videt sonidem, ex
tinctaque flamma revixit genæ
Erubuêre genæ, totoque recanduit ore. [ vixit ; erubuere, que recanduit: toto
Ut solet à ventis alimenta resumere quæque ore. Que ut parva scintilla
Parva, subinductâ, latuit scintilla, favillâ, 80 quæ, subínductâ favillâ, latuit.
Crescere : et in veteres agitata resurgere vires. solet resumere alimenta à ven*
tis : crescere : et agitata resur
Sic jam lentus amor, quem jam languere putares, gere in veteres vires. Sic jam
Ut vidit juvenem, specie præsentis inarsit. lentus amor, quem jam putares
Et casu, solitò formosior, sone natus languere, ut vidit juvenem,
inarsit specie præsentis. Et
Illâ luce fuit. Posses ignoscere amanti. 85 natus Æsone, fuit casu, formo
Spectat : et in vultų, veluti tùm denique viso, sior solito illa luce. Posses ig
Lumina fixa tenet, nec se mortalia demens noscere amanti. Spectat, et te
netlumina fixa in vultu, veluti
Ora videre putat : nec se declinat ab illo.
tum denique viso, nec demens
Ut verò cœpitque loqui, dextramque prehendit putat se videre mortalia ora :
Hospes : et auxilium submissâ voce rogavit, 90 nec declinat se ab illo. Verò ut
Promisitque torum ; lacrymis ait illa profusis, hospes hendit cœpit
dextram , etque
loqui, pre
rogavit
Quid faciam video ; nec me ignorantia veri auxilium submissâ voce, que
Decipiet, sed amor. Servabere munere nostro : promisit torum : illa ait lacry
Servatus promissa dato. Per sacra triformis mis profusis : Video quid fa
ciam, nec ignorantia veri de
eipiet me, sed amor. Servabere nostro munere : servatus dato promissa
Ike
a vetustaque.

NOTES.

71. Dùm licet.] Whilst thou mayest.
72. Rectum.] Honesty, Honour.
Pietasque. ] Love to her parents and coun
try.
73. Victa.] Cupid was overcome by a
sense of honour and piety.
74. Ibat.] Medea was going to the tem
ple of Hecate, who presided over the magic
art in which she so much delighted.
Antiquas aras.] An old temple.
Hecates. ] This was Hecate, the daughter
of Persa, who was the brother of Eetes.
76. Reciderat. ] Had abated.
Ardor.] The violence of her love.
77. Æsonidem. ] Jason, the son of Eson.
Extincta flamma.] The extinguished flame.
It is a common expression among the Ro
mans, to say of a flame vivere, or mori, and
the same form is used by the English, in
respect of living or dead coals,
79, Solet.] The order ; ut scintilla solet
a ventis alimenta assumere, que quæ latuit
parva sub inductà favilla, (solet) crescere,
et agitata, &c.
82. Jam tentus amor.] Her love by this
time cooled.
83. Specie præsentis.] With the appear
ance of Jason before her eyes.
84. Solita formosior.] More lovely than
usual.
85. Posses.] Every one who has been in
love, may forgive Medea.
86. Nunc denique.] Only now, but now
for the first time.
88. Nec se declinat ab illo. ] Nor does she
turn herself from him.
90. Submissà voca .] With a low voice ;
lest what he said should be heard.
91. Torum.] His bed, or marriage.
94. Triformis.] Of Hecate, who is be
lieved to be the Moon, and Diana and Pro
serpine
246 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIL

Ille jurat per sacra triformis Ille Deæ, lucoque foret quod Numen in illo, 95
Deæ, que Numen quod foret
Perque patrem Soceri cernentem cuncta futuri
in illo luco, per que patrem
futuri Soceri cernentem cunc- Eventusque suos, per tanta pericula, jurat.
ta, que suos eventus, per tan- Creditus, accepit cantatas protinùs herbas,
ta pericula. Creditus, proti- Edidicitque usum : lætusque in a tecta recessit.
nùs accepit cantatas herbas, Postera depulerat stellas Aurora micantes : 100
que edidicit usum earum, que
lætus recessit in tecta. Pos- Conveniunt populi sacrum Mavortis in arvum,
tera Aurora depulerat mican- Consistuntque jugis. Medio Rex ipse resedit
tes stellas,
in arvumconveniunt
sacrum populi Mavortis, Agmine purpureus, sceptroque insignis eburno.
consistuntquejugis. Rex ipse Ecce ! adamanteis Vulcanum naribus efflant
resedit medio agmine, purpu- Æripedes tauri ; tactæque vaporibus herbæ 105
que insignis
reus, Ecce
tro. eburno
! Eripedes scep-
tauri ef Ardent. Utque solent pleni resonare camini,
fant Vulcanum adamanteis Aut ubi terrenâ silices fornace soluti [rum :
maribus, que herbæ tecte va- Concipiunt ignem, liquidarum aspergine aqua
poribus ardent. Utque pleni Pectora sic intùs clausas volventia flammas, 109
camini solent resonare, aut ubi Gutturaque usta sonant. Tamen illis Æsone natus
silices soluti terrena fornaci
concipiunt ignem aspergine Obvius it ; vertêre truces venientis ad ora
Jiquidarum aquarum : sic pec- Terribiles vultus, præfixaque cornua ferro ;
tora volventia fiammas clausas Pulvereumque solum pede pulsavêre bisulco:
intus, gutturaque usta sonant
Tamen natus Æsone it obvius Fumificisque locum mugitibus implevêre.
allis ; truces vertêre terribiles Diriguêre metu Minya; subit ille, nec ignes 115
vultus ad ora venientis, que Sentit anhelatos, (tantùm medicamina possunt;)
cornua præfixa ferro, que pul- Pendulaque audaci mulcet palearia dextrâ :
savêre pulvereum solum bisul
co pede ; que implêvere lo- Suppositosque jugo pondus grave cogit aratri
cum fumificis mugitibus. Mi- Ducere, et insuetum ferro proscindere campum ,
nya diriguêre metu. Ille sub
it, nec sentit anhelatos ignes
(medicamina possunt tantum) : que mulcet pendula palearia audaci dextra : que cogit
tauros suppositos jugo ducere grave pondus aratri, et proscindere insuetum campum ferro.
a castra.

NOTES.

95. Numen.] sc. per i. e. By the deity of
Hecate. the daughter of Persa, who was
worshipped in that grove.
96. Patrem soceri.] The Sun.
Cernentem cuncta.] Beholding all things.
97. Eventus suos.] By his own success in
this attempt.
98. Cantatas.] Enchanted,
101. Arvum Mavortis.] For in that field
the golden fleece was kept by a watchful
dragon.
102. Medio.] In the middle of a multi
tude.
Rex.] Eeta.
103. Purpureus.] Clothed in purple. We
call that purpureum, which is made wholly
of purple, and that purpuratum, which is
adorned with purple.
104. Adamanteis. ] Flaming nostrils.
Vulcanum.] Fire, a metonymy of the
efficient.
105. Eripedes.] Having feet, not armed
er covered with brass, but of solid brass,
which Vulcan had made.
106. Pleni camini.] Furnaces full of
burning coals.
107. Silices. ] Lime stones, melted in an
earthen furnace, i. e. a kiln.
110. Usta.] Scorched, by the flame pass
ing through them.
111. ] Truces.] The grim bulls.
Venientis.] Of Jason.
112. Præfixa ferro.] Tipped with steel.
115. Bisulco pede.] With cloven hoofs,
as oxen have.
114. Fumificis.] Smoky.
115. Diriguêre.] Were congealed with
affright.
116. Anhelatos ignes.] Their fiery breath.
Tantum medicamina possunt.] So great
is the virtue of those charms which Medea
had prepared for him.
117. Pendulaque palearia] Their hang
ing dewlaps. •
119. Ferro. With a plough-share.
FAB. 1. - METAMORPHOSEON , 247

Mirantur Colchi : Minya clamoribus augent, 120 Colchî mirantur ; Minyæ au

Adjiciuntque animos. Galeâ tùm sumit ahenâ gent adjiciuntque animos cla
moribus. Tam sumit vipereos
Vipereos dentes ; et aratos spargit in agros. dentes ahena Galeâ ; et spar
Semina mollit humus valido prætincta veneno, git in aratos agros Humus
Et crescunt, fiuntque sati nova corpora dentes. prætincta valido veneno mollit
Utque hominis speciem maternâ sumit in alvo, 125 semina, et crescunt, que sati
dentes fiunt nova corpora. Ut
Perque suos intùs numeros componitur infans ; qué infans sumit speciem ho
Nec nisi maturus communes exit in auras : minis in maternâ alvo, que
Sic ubi visceribus gravida telluris imago componitur intùs per suos nu
meros ; nec nisi maturus exit
Effecta est hominis, foeto consurgit in arvo ; in communes auras : sie ubi
Quodque magis mirum est, simùl edita con imago hominis est effecta vis
cutit arma. ceribus gravida telluris, con
Quos ubi viderunt præacutæ cuspidis hastas 131 surgit in foto arvo ; que quod
est magis mirum , concutit ar
In caput Hæmonii juvenis torquere parentes : ma simûl edita. Quos ubi Pe
Demisêre metu vultumque animumque Pelasgi . lasgi viderunt parentes torque
Ipsa quoque extimuit, quæ tutum fecerat illum ; re hastas præacutæ cuspidis in
Utque peti vidit juvenem tot ab hostibus unum , caput Hæmonii juvents : de
Palluit ; et subitò sinê sanguine frigida sedit. 136 metu. misère vultum animumque
Ipsa quoque Medea,
Neve parum valeant à se data gramina, carmen quæ fecerat illum tutum, ex
Auxiliare canit ; sacratasque advocat artes. timuit ; utque vidit juvenem
Ille gravem medios silicem jaculatus in hostes, unum peti ab tot hostibus, pal
luit : et subito sedit frigida sinè
A se depulsum Martem convertit in ipsos . 140 sanguine. Neve gramina data
Terrigenæ pereunt per muta vulnera fratres : à se parum valeant, canit
Civilique cadunt acie. Gratantur Achivi ; [ rent . auxiliare carmen, que advocat
Victoremque tenent, avidisque amplexibus hæ. secretas artes. Ille jaculatus
Tu quoque victorem complecti, barbara, velles : gravem silicem in medios hos
tes, convertit Martem depul
[Obstitit incepto pudor : at complexa fuisses : ] sum à se in ipsos. Terrigenas
fratres pereunt per mutua vulnera, que cadunt civili acie. Achivi gratantur ; que tenent
victorem, que hærent avidis amplexibus. To quoque barbara Medea, velles complecti vic
torem. [pudor obstitit incepto : at fuisses complexa :]
NOTES.

120. Mirantur.] Are astonished at the
novelty of the thing.
Colchi.] A people of Scythia.
122. Vipereos dentes. ] Part of the teeth
of the dragon which was slain by Cadmus,
sent to Æëta by Pallas and Mars.
Spargit.] He sows.
123. Prætincta.] Impregnated.
Veného.] Venenum signifies any power
ful drug or medicine, as here, or sometimes,
a charm ; and because such drugs are danger
ous, if not administered with caution, it sig
nifies also most commonly poison.
124. Nova corpora.] New bodies of armed
men.
125. Utque hominis.] The poet shows by
this similitude, howthe serpent's teeth assum
ed human shape.
126. Perque suos numeros. ] In all its
parts.
Componitur.] Is composed.
129. In foto arvo. ] In the fruitful field,
which had brought forth so many armed
men,
130. Simùl edita.] Produced with them a
the same time.
132. Hæmonii juvenis. ] Of Jason.
Torquere hastas ] To throw their spears.
133. Pelasgi. The Thessalian Minyæ are
below called Achivi.
154. Ipsa.] Medea.
136. Sinè sanguine.] Pale. For, by fear,
the blood is said to fly back to the heart.
157. Gramina. ] The herbs of magic vir
tue.--Auxiliare carmen.] An auxiliary song,
to help those herbs ; for they performed their
charms both by words and herbs.
138. Secretas artes. ] Secret magical arts.
139. Ille.] Jason.
140. Martem.] War.
141. Terrigenæ . ] Born of the earth.
142. Civili acie. By a civil war ; that is
called a civil war which is between people of
the same country, bellum inter cives.
Gratantur.] Rejoice, and congratulate
Jason as conqueror.
143. Victoremque tenent.] They embrace
him as conqueror.
 248 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIL

sed reverentia famæ tenuit te, Sed te, ne faceres, tenuit reverentia famæ. 146
ne faceres. Quod licet, læta- Quod licet, affectu tacito lætaris ; agisque
ris tacito affectu : agisque gra- Carminibus grates, et Dis auctoribus horum.
tes carminibus, et aucto
ribus horum. Superest sopire Pervigilem superest herbis sopire draconem : 149
pervigilem draconem herbis Qui cristâ, linguisque tribus præsignis, et uncis
qui præsignis cristâ que tribus Dentibus horrendus, custos erat arietis aurei.
linguis, et horrendus uncis den
tibus, erat custos aurei arietis. Hunc postquâm sparsit Lethæi gramine succi ;
$ Postquam sparsit hunc grami. Verbaque ter dixit placidos facientia somnos,
ne Lethæi succi ; et dixit ter Quæ mare turbatum, quæ concita flumina sist
verba facientia placidos som
nos, quæ sistunt turbatum unt ;
mare, quæ concita flumina ; Somnus in ignotos oculos subrepit, et auro 156
somnus subrepit in ignotos Heros Æsonius potitur ; spolioque superbus,
oculos, et Esonius heros poti- Muneris auctorem secum spolia altera portans,
tur auro; vellera aurea que su
perbus spolio, portans aucto- Victor Iolciacos tetigit cum conjuge portus.
rem muneris altera spolia se.
cum , victor tetigit Iolciacos portus cum conjuge. a Attigit Hæmonios victor, &c.

NOTES.

147. Affectu tacito.] With a hidden love. past.

148. Dis. ] To the infernal gods, and
chiefly to Hecate.
149. Superest. ] It only now remained of
all Æëtes had commanded.
Herbis.] By the virtue ofherbs.
Sopire.] To lay asleep.
Pervigilem .] Wakeful.
150. Præsignis. ] Adorned.
151. Aurei arietis. Of the golden fleece,
which was hung upon a beech tree, and
watched by a dragon of a monstrous size.
152. Lethæi succi.] Ofajuice that causes
sleep and forgetfulness . Lethe is a river
of hell, which takes the name of Ts antas
i.e. of forgetfulness, the water of which
whoever tastes, forgets every thing that is
153. Verbaque facientia.] Verses causing
sleep.
154. Quæ sistunt.] Which would still.
155. Ignotos.] This word is taken active.
ly here, and signifies, either not perceiving ;
i. e. unguarded, or unknowing ; i. e. stran
gers to sleep, eyes which had never slept
before.
156. Esonius heros.] Jason, the son of
Eson.
157. Auctorem.] Medea, to whom Jason
was indebted for obtaining the golden
fleece.
158. Victor.] Victorious ; having obtained
his desire.
Iolciacos portus.] Atown of Thessaly.

EXP. FAB. I. The expedition of the Argonauts under the command of

Jason, to the Island of Colchis, makes so considerable a figure in fabulous
history, that it will be necessary to be somewhat particular respecting it.

In the explanation of the fables XIII . and XIV. of the Fourth Book, page
161 , we have brought down the transactions of Phryxus to his landing at
Colchis with his father, where Æëta not only received him kindly, but gave
him his daughter Chalciope in marriage ; but in some time, being desirous
to possess his treasure, he had him killed ; which coming to the knowledge
of the people of Greece, many of them determined on an expedition to
recover the treasure, and to avenge the death of the unfortunate prince.—
Pelias, king of Iolcos, uncle to Jason, who had dethroned his brother
Ason, fearful lest Jason should attempt the restoration of his father, per
suades him to embark in an expedition to Colchis, with the Grecians, then
assembled at his court ; they embarked on board the ship Argo, whence it
was called the expedition of the Argonauts.

After several adventures, they arrived at Colchis, where Medea, the daugh
ter of Æëta, was so charmed with the appearance of Jason, that on a pro
 FAB. 11. METAMORPHOSEON. 249

mise of marriage, the princess engaged to assist him in his design of pos
sessing himself of her father's treasure, for which purpose she delivered him
a key, by the help of which he accomplished his design, and then re-em
barked, taking Medea with him. This historical narrative, which we have
just related, is supposed to have been written in the Phoenician language,
which the Grecians not understanding, invented the fabulous account of
an ever-watchful dragon, and bulls breathing fire, as guarding the Golden
Fleece ; this gave importance to the expedition, and shewed the dangers
they had encountered. The Golden Fleece or Ram is said to have been
dedicated by Phyneas to Jupiter, on his arrival at Colchis : he consecrated
the skin in the Grove of Mars, called it the Golden Fleece from its colour,
and, as it was said, had it guarded by bulls breathing fire, and a watchful
dragon that never slept.

In the Phoenician language, Gaza signifies either a treasure or a fleece ;

Saür a wall, or a bull ; and in that ancient language, brass, iron , and a
dragon were all expressed by the same word. Thus, instead of saying that
Jason, by the counsel and assistance of Medea, carried away Æëta's treasure,
it is reported he was obliged to engage with bulls and dragons, and to
make use of inchantments. We cannot omit observing with what beauty
the poet has embellished his fiction, by the contentions he has raised in the
breast of Medea, between her duty to her parents, and the love she owed
L to Jason, whom she had engaged for a husband.
"
FAB. II. III. ET IV. JASON EX SENE IN JUVENEM. LIBERI NUTRICES IN
3 JUVENTAM. PELIAS, IMPELLENTE MEDEA, A FILIIS SUIS
INTERFICITUR
1
Jason, on his return to Iolcos, entreats Medea to restore his father son
to Youth, which she performs, and then goes to the Court of Pelias,
where she artfully revenges the Injuries he had done Jason's Family, by
making him the Victim of the abused Credulity of his own Daughters ;
who, in compliance with her dissembled Kindness, stabs him to death.
Medea, having executed her Design, makes her escape in her Chariot.

HÆMONIÆ matres pro gnatis dona receptis Hæmoniæ matres grandæ

Grandævique ferunt patres ; congestaque vique patres ferunt dona pro
flammâ gnatis receptis; que thura con
gesta liquefiunt flamma ; que
Thura liquefiunt ; inductaque cornibus aurum vota victima inducta aurum
Victim avota cadit. Sed abestgratantibusÆson, cornibus cadit . Sed son abest
Jam propior letho, fessusque senilibus annis. 5 gratantibus, jam propior letho,
fessusque senilibus annis,

NOTES.

1. Hæmoniæ.] Thessalian. such as the greater sacrifices had.

Dona.] sc. Templis : For they offered 4 Vota.] Devoted.
sacrifices to the gods, for the safe return of Gratantibus.] From those who gave thanks
their sons. to the gods, or who were congratulating Jason
Receptis.] Recovered ; for when these upon his safe return.
heroes went upon this dangerous expedition, 5. Jam propior letho.] Being now near
their parents and friends had reason to fear his death.
they should never see them more. Fessusque, &c.] Well stricken in age.
3. Inducta aurum. ] Having gilded horns,
Kk
250 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VII.

Tune sonidesait sic, O con Tunc sic Esonides, O cui debere salutem
jux, cui confiteor debere salu- Confiteor, conjux , quanquam mihi cuncta dedisti,
tem, quanquam dedisti cuncta
mihi, quesumma tuorummeri- Excessitque fidem meritorum summa tuorum :
torum excessit fidem : tamen Si tamen hoc possunt (quid enim non carmina
si possunt hoc, (quid enim possunt ?)
carmina non possunt ?) Deme
meis annis ; et adde demptos Deme meis annis ; et demptos addi parenti. 10
parenti. Nec tenuit facry- Nec tenuit lacrymas. Mota est pietate rogantis ;
mas. Medea mota est pietate Dissimilemque animum subiit pater Eeta relictus.
rogantis : que pater Eeta re- Non tamen affecius tales confessa , Quod, inquit,
lictus subitdissimilem animum. Excidit ore pio, conjux, scelus ? Ergo ego cui
Tamen non confessa tales
affectus inquit, Conjux, quod quam
scelus excidit pio ore ? Ergo Posse tuæ videor spatium transcribere vitæ? 15
égo videor posse transeribere Non sinat hoc Hecate, nec tu petis æqua ; sed
spatium tuæ vitæ cuiquam ?
Hecate non sinat hoc, nec tu isto,
petis æqua : sed läson, expe- Quod petis, experiar majus dare munus, Iason.
riar dare majus munus ísto, Arte meâ soceri longum tentabimus ævum
quod petis. Tentabimus re- Non annis revocare tuis. Modò Diva triformis
vocare longum ævum soceri
meâ arte, non tuis annis. Mo Adjuvet ; et præsens ingentibus annuat ausis. 20
dò triformis Hecate adjuvet, Tres aberant noctes, ut cornua tota coïrent,
et præsens annuat ingentibus Efficerentque orbem. Postquàm plenissima fulsit,
ausis. Tres noctes aberant, Et solidâ terra spectavit imagine Luna,
ut tota cornua coïrent effice
rentque orbem . Postquam Egreditur tectis vestes induta recinctas ,
Lunafulsit plenissima, etspec- Nuda pedem, a nudos humeris infusa capillos , 25
tavit terras solidà imagine, Fertque vagos media per muta silentia noctis
Medea egreditur tectis, induta Incomitata gradus. Homines, volucresque, fe
recinctas vestes, nuda pedem,
infusa nudos capillos humeris, rasque,
que incomitata fert vagos gra- Solverat alta quies; nullo cum murmure sepes;
dus per muta silentia media Immotæque silent frondes ; silet humidus aër ;
noctis. Alta quies solverat ho
mines, volucresque, ferasque ; sepes cum nullo murmure ; que frondes immotæ silent :
humidus aër silet, a nudis.

NOTES.

6. Æsonides.] Jason, the son of Æson, 20. Præsens.] Favourable.

sc. dixit.
12. Dissimilem animum.] Her mind un
like Jason's, for he shewed a true filial affec
tion in offering share of his life to relieve his
father from the miseries of old age ; but she,
on the contrary, had preferred the interest of
a foreigner to that of her father.
13. Affect s. ] Sensations, emotions ; she
did not own to Jason that she had felt any
remorse, any consciousness of her undutiful
behaviour to her own father.
14. Cuiquam.] To any body that is dearer
to me than thee.
15. Transcribere.] To tranfer. Transcri
bo signifies properly to transfer a debt from
one man's name to another's.
16. Equa.] A fair demand.
18. Soceri.] Of Eson.
19. Diva Hecate. An infernal deity,
the goddess of enchantments.
Annuat.] Agree to. favour.
21. Tres aberant, &c.] It wanted three
nights of being full moon, which she waited
for : because Luna, i. e. Hecate, presided
over herbs and their virtues.
Cornua.] se. Lunæ.
22. Postquàm, &c.] A periphrasis of a full
moon.
24. Recinctas.] Unbound, loose, flowing :
Witches are represented at their work in a
manner peculiar to themselves , and contrary
to that of other people: Thus, in other af
fairs, men, (accingunt) gird up, they (recin
gunt) let flow their garments
28. Solverat.] Had dissolved, relaxed,
unbraced the nerves. When an animal is
awake and in action, every sinew is braced
tight and firm; on the contrary, when he is
asleep, all is loose and feeble,
FAB. II. METAMORPHOSEON. 251

Sidera sola micant. Ad quæ sua brachia tendens, sidera sola micant. Ad qua
Ter se convertit, ter sumptis flumine crinem 31 tendens sua brachia, convertit
se ter s irroravit crinem ter
Irroravit aquis, ternis ululatibus ora aquis sumptis flumine, solvit
Solvit et in durâ submisso poplite terrâ, ora ternis ululatibus ; et poplite
Nox, ait, arcanis fidissima, quæque diurnis submisso in durâ terrâ, ait,
Nox, fidissima arcanis, que
Aurea cum Lunâ succeditis ignibus astra ; aurea astra, quæ succeditis
Tuque triceps Hecate, quæ cœptis conscia nos diurnis ignibus cum Lunâ ;
tris, que tu triceps Hecate, quæ
Adjutrixque venis, cantusque artesque a magarum, conscia venis adjutrix nostris
Quæque magas, tellus, pollentibus instruis her- coeptis, cantusque artesque
magarum ; que tellus, quæ ma
bis, [que, gas instruis pollentibus herbis,
Auræque, et venti, montesque, amnesque, lacus- auræque et venti, montesque,
Dîque omnes nemorum, Dîque mnes noct is amnesque, lacusque, que om
nes Dî nemorum, que omneş
adeste, 40 Dî noctis adeste, ope quorum,
Quorum ope, cùm volui, ripis mirantibus amnes câm volui, amnes rediêre in
In fontes rediêre suos ; concussaque sisto, suos fontes ripis mirantibus ;
que sisto concussa, concutio
Stantia concutio cantu freta ; nubila pello, stantia freta cantu ; pello nu
Nubilaque induco : ventos abigoque, vocoque ; bila, que induco nubila, que
Vipereas rumpo verbis et carmine fauces : 45 abigo ventos, vocoque ; rumpo
Vivaque saxa, suâ convulsaque robora terrâ, vipereas fauces verbis et car
mine : vivaque saxa, que ro.
Et sylvas moveo ; jubeoque tremiscere montes, bora convulsa suâ terrâ, et
券
Et mugire solum, manesque exire sepulchris. moveo sylvas ; que jubeo mon.
Te quoque Luna traho ; quamvis Temesæa la tes tremiscere et solum mugire,
bores que manes exire sepulchris.
Quoque Luna trahote ; quam
vis Temesæa
amagorum- magos.
NOTES.
50. Sidera sola.] The stars alone are upon tention and assistance. You will find this
duty, the rest of the creation sleeps. absurd custom of adoration ridiculed with
31. Ter.] Three was a mystical number much humour by Lucian, where Timon in
among the ancients, and reverend in reli vokes Jupiter. These words, quorum ope,
gion ; they had three Graces, three Furies, are understood to belong to every principal
&c. in like manner was three multiplied by verb-from rediêre to the end of V. 51 .
three, nine ; and nine again multiplied by 42. Concussaque sisto. ] I still the raging
three, twenty-seven, for which reason you ocean.
will find 27 boys, and as many girls, singing 45. Stantia freta. ] The quiet calm sea.
the Carmen Seculare in Horace. 46. Viva saxa.] The rocks are called
32. Irroravit.] She sprinkled.- Ternis, viva, living, when they are in a state of
&c. She opened her mouth three times. nature, lying in the earth as nature left
33, Submisso poplite. ] With bended them.
knees. 49. Te quoque, &c.] The common peo
54. Nox, &c.] The poet describes the ple, who knew not the cause of an eclipse,
invocation and prayers of Medea to be such had a notion that the moon at such times
as are most befitting an enchantress, was forced down from heaven faint and sick,
Diurnis ignibus.] To the Sun. and all this by the power of some enchant
36. Triceps Hecate ] Texέpaλs, who ress ; upon which occasion they tinkled
has on the right side the head of an horse, on brass, to drown, as it were, the witch's 1
the left that of a dog ; in the middle a wo voice, which ceremony they observed to
man, or the moon, which is also said to be recover the moon, (that is) to restore her
the same as the moon, or Proserpine. to her former light : not knowing that
37. Cantusque.] Enchantments. this must have happened, though no such
40. Adeste.] Be present to my assist noise had been made.
ance. Traho.] I draw down from heaven, I al
41. Quorum ope, &c.] When the ancients lure ; for witches are feigned to draw the
invoked their gods, they enumerated all the moon from heaven by their verses.
attributes and epithets they could think of, Temesæa.] A town of the Brutians, ♥
hoping by such flattery to procure their at famous for brass,
 252 F. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VII.

æraminuanttuos labores. Cur- Æra tuos minuant. Currus quoque carmine

rus quoque avi pallet nostro nostro 50
carmine; Aurorapallet nostris
venenis. Vos O succi hebe- Pallet avi ; pallet nostris Aurora venenis.
tâstis flammas taurorum mihi, Vos mihi taurorum flammas hebetâstis, et unco,
et pressistis collum, haud pa- Haud patiens oneris, collum pressistis aratro.
1 tiens oneris, unco aratro. Vos Vos serpentigenis in se fera bella dedistis,
dedistis serpentigenis fera
bella in se, que sopistis custo- Custodemque rudem somno sopistis : et aurum,
dem rudem somno : et misistis Vindice decepto, Graïas misistis in urbes. 56
aurum, vindice decepto, in Nunc opus est succis, per quos renovata senectus
Graïas urbes. Nunc opus est In florem redeat, primosque recolligat annos.
succis, per quos senectus re
Dovata redeat in florem, que Et dabitis : neque enim micuerunt siderafrustrà;
recolligat primos annos. Et Nec frustrà volucrum tractus cervice draconum
dabitis : neque enim sidera
Currus adest. Aderat demissus ab æthere currus.
micuerunt frustrâ ; nec currus
adest frustrà tractus cervice Quò simùl ascendit ; frænataque colla draconum
volucrum draconum. Currus Permulsit, manibusque leves agitavit habenas ;
aderat demissus ab æthere.- Sublimis rapitur, subjectaque Thessala Tempe
Que simûl ascendit ; que per- Despicit, et creteis regionibus applicat angues :
mulsitfrænata colla draconum,
que agitavit leves habenas Et quas Ossa tulit, quasque altus Pelion herbas,
manibus ; rapitur sublimis, Othrysque, et Pindus, et Pindo major Olympus,
que despicit Thessala Tempe Perspicit ; et placitâ partim radice revellit, 68
subjecta, et applicat angues Partim succidit curvamine falcis ahenæ.
creteis regionibus . et perspi
cit herbas quas Ossa tulit, que Multaquoque Apidani placueruntgramina ripis,
quas altus Pelion, Othrysque Multa quoque Amphrysi ; neque eras immunis
et Pindus, et Olympus major
Pindo ; et partim revellit Enipeu ;
placitâ radice, partim succi
dit curvamine ahenæ falcis.
Multa quoque gramina placuerunt ripis Apidani ; multa quoque Amphrysi ; neque
Enipeu eras immunis ;

NOTES.
50. Currus quoque, &c.] As well of the
sun as ofthee ; for the moon is said to be
carried in a chariot as well as the sun.
51. Avi.] Of my grand-father, Phœbus.
52. Mihi.] For my sake, in favour of me.
Hebetâstis.] You have blunted the fires,
made harmless, so that they could not burn.
54. Serpentigenis.] To men born of the
serpent's teeth.
In se. ] Against themselves.
55. Rudem somno. ] Ignorant of sleep ;
sleepless, i . e. watchful.
Aurum.] scil. aureum vellus -The gol
den fleece.
56. Vindice.] The dragon being keeper.
58. In florem.] To the bloom of youth.
59. Et dabitis.] Medea is convinced that
the gods will grant her request, by the un
common brightness of the stars, and the ar
rival of a chariot drawn by winged dragons
dispatched by Luna.
63. Permulsit.] She stroked.
64. Sublimis.] A place of Thessaly, be
tween the high mountains Olympus and
Pasa, very pleasant, by reason of the shadi
ness of the trees, the bubbling of the springs,
and the melody of the birds.
64. Despicit.] Looked down on.
63. Creteis.] Chalky. It has been ob
served before, that, in their enchantments,
whatever they used was uncommon : and
here this country is ransacked for herbs of
a particular virtue, as having a soil of a par
ticular nature, chalky.- Applicat angues.}
Drives the snakes, her chariot.
66. Ossa.] Concerning this, and the rest
ofthe mountains, see Lib. II. Fab. I.
Pelion.] A mountain of Thessaly.
68. Perspicit.] She searches diligently.
Placita.] Which pleased her, such as shę
wanted - Radice.] By the roots. T
69. Curvamine, &c.] With a crooked bra
zen scythe. A Pleonasm.
70. Apidani.] A River of Thessaly, that
runs into Enipeus.
7. Amphrysi ] A marsh in Thessaly.
Immunis. ] Free, because Medea had ga
thered a great many herbs on its banks.
Enipeu.] A very swift river of Thessaly.
FAB. 11. METAMORPHOSEON. 253

Necnon Peneæ, nec non Spercheïdes undæ nec non Peneæ, nec non Sper
Contribuêre aliquid, juncosaque littora Babes. cheides undæ, juncosaque ali, lit
tora Bæbes contribuêre
Carpit et Euboïca vivax Anthedone gramen, quid. Carpit et vivax gramen
Nondùm mutato vulgatum corpore Glauci. 75 Euboïca Anthedone nondùm
vulgatum corpore Glauci mu
Et jam nona dies, curru pennisque draconum, tato. Et jam nona dies, nona
Nonaque nox omnes lustrantem viderat agros, que vox viderat lustrantem
Cùm rediit. Neque erant pasti, nisi odore, agros curru, pennisque draco
dracones, num, cùm rediit. Neque erant
dracones pasti nisi odore, et
Et tamen annosæ pellem posuêre senectæ. tamen posuêre pellem annosæ
Constitit adveniens citrà limenque foresque, 80 senecta. Et adveniens consti
Et tantùm cœlo tegitur, refugitque viriles tit citrá limenque fores, ettan
tum tegitur cœlo, refugitque
Contactus, statuitque aras de cespite binas ; viriles contactus, statuitque
Dexteriore Hecates, at lævâ parte Juventa . binas aras de cespite ; dex
Has ubi verbenis, sylvâque incinxit agresti ; teriore parte Hecates, at lævâ
Haud procul egestâ scrobibus tellure duabus 85 Juventæ. Ubi incinxit has
Sacra facit ; cultrosque in guttura velleris atri verbenis que agresti sylvâ ; fa
cit sacra haud procul duabus
Conjicit ; et patulas perfundit sanguine fossas. scrobibus egestâ tellure ; que
Tùm super invergens liquidi carchesia Bacchi, conjicit cultros in guttura atrį
Eneaque invergens tepidi carchesia lactis ; velleris, et perfundit patulas
Verba simul fundit, terrenaque Numina poscit, fossas sanguine. Tûm inver
gens super carchesia liquidi
Umbrarumque rogat, raptâ cum conjuge, regem, Bacchi, que invergens ænca
Ne properent artus animâ fraudare seniles. 92 carchesia tepidi lactis ; simùl
Quos ubi placavit precibusque et murmure longo ; fundit verba, que poscit terre
sonis effoetum proferri corpus ad aras na Numina ; que rogat regem
umbrarum cum rapta conjuge,
Jussit : et in plenos resolutum carmine somnos ne properent fraudare seniles
artus animâ. Quos ubi placavit precibusque et longo murmure, jussit effœtum corpus Æsonis
proferri ad aras : et porrexit resolutum in plenos somnos carmine,
a tacti, b lenit :

NOTES.
72. Peneæ.] The waters of Peneus, a
river of Thessaly.
73. Juncosa.] Abounding with bulrushes.
Babes.] A town in Thessaly.
74. Vivax.] Enlivening, that brings to
life.
Anthedone. ] A city of Boeotia.
75. Vulgatum.] Commonly known.
Corpore Glauci, ] Glaucus, a fisherman,
observing the fishes, by touching a certain
herb, to leap back into the sea ; tasted it
himself; which when he had done, he also
leaped into the sea, and being turned into a
sea-god, fell deeply in love with Scylla.
78. Pasti odore.] The dragons lived all
these nine days upon the flavour of the herbs
they had gathered, which shews their power
and virtue.
79. Annosæ.] Annual, for every year the
serpent casts his skin, and receiving a new
one, looks young again.
80. Citrà.] On this side, i. e. without.
82. Statuitque.] She erected.
83. Juventæ.] The goddess of youth who
was to assist her in restoring her father-in
law.
84. Verbenis.] Vervain, a sacred herb
with which altars were crowned.
85. Egestâ tellure. ] Throwing up the
earth.
Scrobibus.] In ditches.
86. Velleris, ] By Meton. for ovis.
83. Carchesia.] Drinking vessels.
Kagov is originally a Greek word..
90. Fundit.] This word expresses the ra
pid effusion of a jargon of words, by which
she invoked her gods, as these sorceresses,
we are told, commonly did. Thus V. 95,
it is said, murmure longo ; and in Lucian,
τὴνἐπωδην ὑποτονθούσας.
Poscit.] She invokes.
90. Regem umbrarum.] Pluto'
Rapta. ] For Pluto carried away Proser
pine by force.
92. Fraudare.] To deprive ; i . e. that
they would not hastily deprive the old man
Æson of life.
94. Effoetum.] Exhausted.
95. Plenos.] Sound.
Carmine ] By enchantment,
254 P. QVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIL.

similem exanimi in stratis her- Exanimi similem stratis porrexit in herbis, 96

bis. Jubet soniden ire pro- Hinc procul soniden, procùl hinc jubet ire
cûl hinc, ministros procùl hinc:
et monet removere profanos ministros :
oculos arcanis. Jussi diffugi- Et monet arcanis oculos removere profanos.
unt. Medca circuit flagran- Diffugiunt jussi ,
a Passis Medea capillis
tes aras passis capillis ritu
Bacchantum : que tingit mul- Bacchantûm ritu flagrantes circuit aras ; 100
tifidas faces in atrâ fossâ san- Multifidasque faces in fossâ sanguinis atrâ
guinis, et accendit intinctas in Tingit ; et intinctas geminis accendit in aris :
geminis aris : que lustrat senem Terque senem flamma, ter aquâ, ter sulphure
ter flammâ, ter aquâ, ter sul
phure. Intereà validum medi lustrat.
camen posito aheno fervet et Intereà validum posito medicamen aheno 104
exultat : que albet tumentibus Fervet et exultat; spumisque tumentibus albet.
spumis. Illic incoquit radices
resectas Hæmoniâ valle, semi- Illic Hæmoniâ radices valle resectas,
naque, et flores, et atros suc- Seminaque, et flores, et succos incoquit atros.
Cos. Adjicit lapides petitos Adjicit extremo lapides Oriente petitos,
extremo Oriente, et quas are
nas refiuum mare Occani la Et, quas Oceani refluum mare lavit, arenas.
vit. Et addit pruinas excep- Addit et exceptas Lunâ pernocte pruinas , 110
tas pernocte una, et infames Et strigis infames , ipsis cum carnibus, alas;
alas strigis cum ipsis carnibus; Inque virum soliti vultus mutare ferinos
que prosecta ambigui lupi soli
ți mutare ferinos vultus in vi- Ambigui prosecta lupi. Nec defuit illic
rum. Noc defuit illic squamea Squamea Cinyphii tenuis membrana chelydri,
membrana tenuis Cinyplui Vivacisque jecur cervi. Quibus insuper addit
chelydri, que jecur vivacis cer- Ora e caputque novem cornicis sæcula passæ,
vi. Quibus insuper addit ora
caputque cornicis passæ sæcula novem.
a sparsis. b falce. c Ova.

NOTES.

95. Porrexit.] She stretched out.
98. Profanos.] The ancients called all
people profane who had not been initiated,
(that is) regularly instructed by the priests in
the mysteries ofthe god whom they were wor
shipping : and when they were to perform
any ofthe arcana or mysteries, they dismissed
the Profani, the non-initiated : thus Horace,
profanum vulgus.
100. Bacchantûm. ] After the manner of
the priestesses of Bacchus.
101. Multifidasque.] Cleft into many
parts.
102. Tingit.] She dipped.
Intinetas.] Made wet. Ovid delights in
such repetitions.
103. Terque senem, &c.] This triple
purgation which son went through, is
taken from the Platonic and Pythagorean
notion of purgatory in the lower regions ;
from which also the doctrine of purgatory
in the Church of Rome is said to be bor
rowed.
106. Hæmonia valle.] In the valley of
Thessaly.
108. Adjicit, &c. ] Observe the strange
ingredients of this composition, introduced,
several ofthem, for their oddity.
109. Refluum, &c.] Ebbing tide of the
ocean.
110. Pernocte.] From pernox, when the
moon shone the whole night.
111. Strigis .] The Screech Owl. The
poet, in this place, calls the wings of the
Strix, infames, of ill-fame, ill-boding, be
cause the common people called Striges
witches. Striges are so called of Striden
do.
112. Inque virum. It was a vulgar no
tion that since Lycaon had been changed into
a wolf, a wolf also should assume the shape
of a man.
115. Prosecta.] The inwards, entrails ; so
called of prosecando , i. e. cutting.
114. Squamea membrana.] The scaly
membrane or skin of an African serpent ;
for Africa did and does still abound with
those animals : the use of this was to restore
youth, and therefore it cannot be supposed
to be the annosa pellis, but a new one,
which is implied by the words tenuis, thin
and new.
Cinyphii.] A Libyan serpent. Cynips is
a river of Libya, which empties itself into the
Libyan Sea between two quick-sands.
115. Vivacis.] A stag lives to a great age.
116. Ora caputque cornicis.] The head
and bill of a crow .
Sæcula.] The age of a man was 30 years
FAB. II. METAMORPHOSEON. 255

His et mille alias postquam sinè nomine rebus Postquam barbara instruxit
Propositum instruxit a mortali barbara munus ; propositum munus mortali, his
et millealiis rebus sinè nomine ;
Arenti ramo jampridem mitis olivæ 119 confudit omnia, ramo jampri
Omnia confudit ; summisque immiscuit ima. dem arenti mitis Olivæ , que
immiscuit ima summis Ecce
Eccè vetus calido versatus stipes aheno
Fit viridis primò; nec longo tempore frondem vetus stipes versatus calido
aheno fit primò viridis : induit
Induit ; et subitò gravidis oneratur olivis. frondem nec longo tempore,
Et quacunque cavo spumas cjecit aheno 124 et subito oneratur gravidis
olivis. Et quacunque ignis
Ignis, et in terram guttæ cecidêre calentes ;
ejecit spumas cavo aheno, et
Ternat humus ; floresque et mollia pabula sur calentes guttæ cecidêre in ter
gunt. ram ; humus vernat : flores
Quod simul ac vidit ; stricto Medea recludit que et mollia pabula surgunt.
Quod simul ac Medea vidit
Ense senis jugulum : veteremque exire cruorem recludit jugulum senis stricto;
Passa, replet succis. Quos postquàm combibit ense : que passa veterem cru
Æson, 129 orem exire replet succis. Quos
Aut ore acceptos, aut vulnere ; barba comæque, postquàm son conbibit, aut
acceptos ore, aut vulnere ;
Canitie positâ, nigrum rapuêre colorem. barba comæque rapuêre ni
Pulsa fugit macies ; abeunt pallorque situsque ; grum colorem, canitie positâ .
Macies pulsa fugit : pallorque
Adjectoque cavæ supplentur sanguine venæ ;
Membraque luxuriant. Æson miratur, et olim situsque abeunt ; que cavæ
venæ supplentur adjecto san
Ante quater denos hunc se reminiscitur annos. guine ; que membra luxuriant.
Viderat ex alto tanti miracula monstri 136 son miratur, et reminiscitur
se hunc ante quater denos
Liber ; et admonitus juvenes nutricibus annos annos. Liber viderat miracula
Posse suis reddi ; capit hoc à Tethye manus. tanti monstri ex alto : et ad
Neve doli cessent ; odium cum conjuge falsum monitus juvenes annos posse
reddi suis nutricibus, capit hoc
munus à Tethye. Neve doli cessent ; Phasfas assimulat falsum odium cum conjuge :
a mortari. bpetit hoc Æetida munus.
-Capit hoc a Colchide munus.

NOTES.

117. Mille.] A finite number for an in Rapuêre. ] They took suddenly.

finite.
118. Mortali.] To Eson. Minellius reads
it mortari, the ablative case of mortare,
i. e. mortario : but this word is scarce ever
read.
119. Mitis.] Peaceful or soft, from the
effect ; because the olive is dedicated to
Peace, which makes men mild and gentle.
121. Ecce.] The poet shews, that, on a
sudden the dry branch of the olive became
green.
Vetus stipes.] The dry branch of the
olive.
123. Gravidis.] Full of juice.
124. Quacunque.] The poet describes
another metamorphosis ; for the frothy drops
that were cast out of the boiling chaldron
by the heat of the fire, were changed into
various flowers.
126. Surgunt.] They spring up.
127. Recludit. ] She opens.
131.] Nigrum colorem. Black hairs were
accounted beautiful by the ancients.
132. Situsque. ] Filthiness. Situs is a filthy
down growing out of the ground in those
places especially that want the sun. And
for that reason we say of unwashed things
and filthiness, Situm contrahere.
133. Supplentur sanguine.] The veins are
filled with blood.
134. Luxuriant.] Become plump and
fine.
135. Hunc se reminiscitur.] He remem
bers, se (esse) hunc ; that he is the very being
he had been forty years ago.
157. Juvenes annos.] Youth.
Nutricibus suis.] To the nymphs who had
brought up Bacchus when an infant.
158. Tethye.] Tethys had Bacchus when
he fled from Lycurgus : who, coming to
the knowledge of Medea's performance,
asked the same service of Tethys, for his
nurses.
159. Neve doli.] Medea appears every
where a woman of great cunning and arti
fice.
 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VII.
256

que confugit supplex ad limi- Phasias assimulat : Peliæque ad limina supplex

na Pelia. Atque nata exci- Confugit. Atque iilam (quoniam gravis ipse
piunt illam (quoniam ipse gra 141
vìs senectâ.) Quas Colchis cal senectâ)
lida cepit parvo tempore, ima- Excipiunt natæ. Quas tempore callida parvo
gine fallacis amicitiæ. Dum- Colchis amicitiæ fallacis imagine cepit. [tos
que refert inter maxima meri- Dùmque refert, inter meritorum maxima , demp
torum, situs Esonis esse
demptos : atque moratur in Asonis esse situs ; atque hâc in parte moratur ;
hâc parte : spes est subjecta Spes est virginibus Peliâ subjecta creatis, 146
virginibus creatis Peliâ, suum Arte suum parili a revirescere posse parentem ;
parentem posse et revirescere
parili arte ; que petunt id : Idque petunt : pretiumque jubent sinè fine pa
quejubent pretium pacisci sinè cisci.
fine. Illa silet brevi spatio ; Illa brevi spatio silet ; et dubitare videtur ;
et videtur
pendi dubitare
t rogan : que
tes animo sus Suspenditque animos, fictà gravitate, rogantes.
s ficta
gravitate. Mox ubi pollicita Mox ubi pollicita est, Quô sit fiducia major
est, ait, Quò fiducia hujus Muneris hujus, ait : qui vestrî maximus ævo est
muneris sit major ; vestri dux Dux gregis inter oves, agnus medicamine fiet.
gregis, qui est maximus ævo Protinus innumeris effoetus laniger annis 154
inter oves, fiet agnus medica
mine. Protinùs laniger effoe- Attrahitur, flexo circùm cava tempora cornu ;
tus innumeris annis attrahitur, Cujus ut Hæmonio marcentia guttura cultro
cornu flexo circùm cava tem- Fodit , et exiguo maculavit sanguine ferrum ;
pora : cujus ut fodit marcen- Membra simul pecudis, validosque venefica suc
o cultro,
tia guttura Hæmoni et
maculavit ferrum exiguo san COS 158
guine ; venefica mergit simùl Mergit in ære cavo. Minuuntur corporis artus.
membra pecùdis, validosque Cornuaque exuitur, nec non cum cornibus
succos in cavo ære.
corporis minuuntur, que exui annos ;
tur cornua, nec non annos cum Et tener auditur medio balatus aheno.
cornibus ; et tener balatus au- Nec mora ; balatum mirantibus exsilit agnus ;
ditur medio aheno. Nec mo
ra ; agnus exsilit mirantibus
balatum : a juvenescere.

NOTES.
140. Phasias.] Gen. adis, a name ofMedea.
Assimulat.] She pretends that she was
hated by her husband Jason.
141. Illam.] Medea. ]-Ipse. ] Pelias.
Senectà.] With old age. The reason why
Pelias did not entertain her.
142. Natæ.] The daughter of Pelias.
143. Cepit.] Ensnares.
144. Refert.] She relates.
145. Situs.] Infirmities, old age.
146. Subjecta ] Suggested to the, &c. i, e.
they conceived hopes.
Creatis Peliâ.] To the daughters of Pe
lias.
147. Parili arte ] By a like art.
Parentem.] Their father Pelias.
148. Jubent.] scil. Medeam pacisci.
Sinè fine.] A great, immense price, i. e. as
much as she would.
150. Fictâ gravitate. ] Making a show, as
if it was a thing of great difficulty.
Rogantes animos. ] The eager minds of
the daughters of Pelias.
153. Dux gregis ] A ram, which seems to
L#
be the captain of the sheep.
154. Innumeris.] With many.
Effoetus. His strength being spent.
155. Attrahitur.] The dragging-the curl
ed horns the sunk hollow temples- the
withered neck- and the poor hungry blood,
flexo cornu- cava tempora- marċentia gut
tura- exiguo sanguine-all these words
elegantly express the great age and infirmity
of the animal, and consequently the amaz
ing power of her medicine.
Flexo cornu. ] His horns, on both sides,
being bent about his head.
158. Pecudis.] Of the ram. Every ani
mal is properly called Pecus, which is un
der the government of man, and feeds on
grass.-Pecus is sometimes taken for all
kinds of animals, which have not human
shape and speech.
Validos succos.] Juices of great efficacy,
such as not only restored the ram to life,
but also transferred it into a lamb.
161. Tener balatus.] The bleating of a
young lamb.
 FAB. II. METAMORPHOSEON. 257

Lascivitque fugâ ; lactantiaque ubera quærit. lascivitque fugâ; que quarit

Obstupuêre satæ Peliâ ; promissaque postquàm lactantia obstupuêre ubera.
: que Satæ Pelia
postquàm
Exhibuêre fidem ; tum verò impensiûs instant. promissa exhibuêrefidem : tùm
Ter juga Phoebus equis in Ibero gurgite mersis verò instant impensiùs. Phœbus
Dempserat ; et quartà radiantia nocte micabant dempserat juga ter equis mer
Sidera; cùm rapido fallax Aëtias igni 168 sis in Ibero gurgite; et radian
tia sidera micabant quartânoc
Imponit purum laticem , et sinè viribus herbas. te ; cum fallax Eetias imponit
Jamque neci similis, resoluto corpore, regem, purum laticem et herbas sinè
Et, cum rege suo, custodes somnus habebat, viribus rapido igni. Jamque
somnus similis neci habcbat
Quem dederant cantus, magicæque potentia
regem, corpore resoluto, et cus
linguæ. 172 todes cum suo rege, quem can
Intrârant jussæ cum Colchide limina natæ : tus, que potentia magica lin
Ambierantque torum. Quid nunc dubitatis guæ dederant. Natæ jussa
intrârantliminacumColchide :
inertes ?
[orem ; ambierantque torum . Quid
Stringite, ait, gladios : veteremque haurite cru- nunc dubitatis inertes? ait.
Ut repleam vacuas juvenili sanguine venas. 176 Stringite gladios : que haurite
veterem cruorem, ut repleam
(In manibus vestris vita est, ætasque parentis. ) vacuas venasjuvenili sanguine.
Si pietas ulla est, nec spes agitatis inanes, (Vita ætasque parentis est ves
Officium præstate patri : telisque senectam tris manibus. ) Si ulla pietas est,
Exigite ; et saniem conjecto emittite ferro. 180 nec agitatis inanes spes ; præ
state officium patri que exigite
His, ut quæque pia est, hortatibus, impia prima senectam telis ; et emittite
est : [ictus saniem conjecto ferro. Ut
Et ne sit scelerata facit scelus. Haud tamen quæque est pia, est prima im
Ulla suos spectare potest : oculosque reflectunt ; lus pia his hortatibus, et facit sce
ne sit scelerata. Tamen
Cacaque dant sævis aversæ vulnera dextris. 184 haud ulla potest spectare suos
Ille, cruore fluens, cubito tamen allevat artus: ictus : que reflectunt oculos ;
Semilacerque toro tentat consurgere ; et inter que aversæ dant cæca vulnera
sævis dextris. Ille fluens crù
Tot medius gladios pallentia brachia tendens ;
ore, allevat artus cubito : que
Quid facitis gnatæ ? Quid vos in fata parentis semilacer tentat consurgere
Armat; ait ? Cecidêre illis animique manusque . toro, que tendens pallentia
brachia, medius inter tot gla
Plura locutura cum verbis guttura Colchis 190
dios ; Gnatæ quid facitis? ait,
Abstulit, et calidis laniatum mersit ahenis. Quid armat vos infata paren
tis? Animique manusque ceci
dêre illis. Colchis abstulit guttura eum verbis locutura plura, et mersit laniatum calidis
abenis.

NOTES,
165, Lactantiaque.] Full of milk. the guards to sleep, to make her retreat
164. Satæ Pelia. ] The daughters of Pe more secure, when she had perpetrated the
lias. deed.
165. Exhibuere fidem.] Shewed her in 173. Colchide.] With Medea.
tegrity, that she was really able to perform 176. Talisque.] With the sword.
what she promised , 180. Exigite.] Drive out, banish
. 166. Ter juga, &c.] She takes three days Saniem.] The corrupt blood.
to make the matter appear more solemn, 182. Et ne sit.] Lest she should be count
and to prevent thereby all suspicion of her ed impious, by not letting out her father's
wicked intentions.
blood, and so prevent his return to youth,
Ibero.] A river in Spain, emptying itself she commits a greater wickedness by kill
into the Hesperian sea. According to the ing him.
vulgar opinion, the poet says, that the Sun 184. Cacaque.] Hidden, which the daugh
having performed his day's journey, plunges ters did not see.
himself into the Western Sea. 185. Ille.] Pelias.
168. etias fallax. ] Medea, skilful in de 188. Fata. The death, destruction.
ceiving. 190. Colchis.] Medea.
172. Quem dederat, &c.] She had put 19. Abstulit ] Took away, cut off
L1
258 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VII.

EXP. FAB. II. III. & IV. Jason had no sooner possessed himself of Æeta's
treasure, than he was pursued by a very considerable force, under the
command of Absyrtus, Medea's brother ; who, with her usual dexterity,
avails herself and Jason of this danger, by sending to acquaint her brother
that she went off with the Greeks very much against her inclination, and if
he would but come privately to a place agreed upon, she would be indebted
to him for her liberty. The prince not suspecting any deception, came there
unattended and unarmed, where he was assassinated ; and to delay the enemy
in their pursuit, his mangled limbs were scattered in the way, which gave
the Greeks an opportunity to embark. Soon after arriving at the Island of
Ecea, they went to the court of Queen Circe, to make expiation for the
murder ; and that queen, who was sister to eta, performed the ceremony,
not knowing who they were, but as soon as she had learned their names,
she forbad them her court, with great marks of resentment.

Medea, on her arrival at Iölcos, renewed the years of old Æson, Jason's
father, who by reason of his enfeebled state, was not able to attend the re
joicings made on account of his son's safe return and successful voyage. In
what manner this was effected, we have different opinions ; but the most na
tural to be supposed is, that Medea, having a knowledge of the power of
herbs, which she was taught by her mother Hecate, made a composition for
the old man that renewed his strength ; which being perceived by the daugh.
ters of Pelias, they were desirous of some favour for their father, and Me.
dea seeming to comply, made up a poisonous preparation, which he had no
sooner taken than it killed him ; and thus she retaliated the evils he did her
husband and family. Medea's knowledge was so little known, that what
she did in this way was attributed to the power of sorcery and witchcraft,
a belief that prevailed in much more enlightened days ; so confined ፡፡ and
limited was the knowledge of simples, and their medicinal effects.

FAB. V. MEDEA SE ULCISCITUR A JASONE.

Medea, after the Death of Pelias, makes a Journey to Corinth, where

she learns that Jason in her Absence, had married Creusa, Daughterto
Creon, King of Corinth : on her return she sets Fire to the Palace, in
which the young Princess and her Father are consumed ; then, in Jason's
Presence, she murders the two Children she had by him, and flies to
Egeus, king of Athens, to whom she is married.

Qua
nâtis nisi isset in
serpentibus, auras
non ex QUÆ nisi pennatis serpentibus îsset in auras,
foretpen-
empta pœnæ ; fugit alta super Non exempta foret pœnæ ; fugit alta su
que umbrosum Pelion, Phily perque
reia tecta, superque Othryn Pelion umbrosum Philyreïa tecta, superque
et loca veteris Cerambi, nota Othron, et eventu veteris loca nota Cerambi.
eventu. Hic sublatus in aëra Hic ope nympharum sublatus in aëra pennis, 5
pennis ope nympharum, cùm
gravis tellus foret obruta infuso Cùm gravis infuso tellus foret obruta ponto,
ponto

NOTES.

1. Quæ.] Medea. whom the nymph Philyra had by Saturn.

Pennatis serpentibus.]
... On winged dra 4. Veteris Cerambi.] Of old Cerambus,
gons, as above. 5. Hic.] Cerambus.
3. Philyreia tecta.] The house of Chiron, 6. Obruta.] Covered.
 FAB. V. METAMORPHOSEON. 259

Deucalioneas effugit inobrutus undas. effugitinobrutus Deucalioneas

undas. Relinquit Æoliam Pi
Holiam Pitanen å lævâ parte relinquit,
tanen â lævâ parté, que simu
Factaque de saxo longi sîmulacra draconis, lacra longi draconis facta de
Idæumque nemus : a quo raptum furta juvencum saxo, Idaunque nemus : quo
Occuluit Liber, falsi sub imagine cervi : 11 Liber occuluitfurtajuvencum
Quaque Pater Corythi parvâ tumulatur arenâ; raptum, sub imaginefalsi cervi :
quaque pater Corythi tumula
Et quos Mæra novo latratu terruit agros. tur parva arena ; et quos agres
Eurypylique urbem, quà Coæ cornua matres Mæra terruit novo latratu.
Gesserunt, tum cùm discederet Herculis agmen ; Que urbem Eurypyli, quâ Cos
matres gesserunt cornua, tum
Phoebeamque Rhodon : et Jalysios Telchinas, cùmagmen Herculis disceder
Quorum oculos ipso vitiantes omnia visu et, Phoebeamque Rhodon : et
Jupiter exosus, fraternis subdidit undis. Jalysios Telchinas, oculos
Transit et antiquæ Cartheïa moenia Ceæ : quorum vitiantes omnia ipso
visu, Jupiter exosus subdidit
Quà pater Alcidamas placidam, de corpore natæ, fraternis undis. Transit ét
Miraturus erat nasci potuisse columbam. 21 Cartheïa moniaantiquæ Ceæ :
Indè Lacus Hyries videt, et Cycneïa Tempe, quà pater Alcidamas miratu
Quæ subitus celebravit Olor ; nam Phylius illic potuisse rus erat plâcidam columbam
nasci de corpore na
Imperio pueri volucresque ferumque leonem tæ . Indè videt lacus Hyries,
Tradiderat domitos ; taurum quoque vincere et Cycneïa Tempe, quæ subi
jussus, 25 tus Olor celebravit ; nam Phy
lius illìc tradiderat volucresque
Vicerat : et spreto toties iratus amori, ferumque leonem domitos im
Præmia poscenti taurum suprema negabat. perio pueri ; quoque jussus
Ille indignatus, Cupies dare, dixit : et alto vincere taurum vicerat; et ira
tus amori toties spreto ; nega
Desiluit saxo : cuncti cecidisse putabant ; bat taurum poscenti suprema
Factus Olor niveis pendebat in aëre pennis. 30 præmia. Ille indignatus dixit,
At genitrix Hyrie, servari nescia, flendo Cupies dare : et desiluit alto
saxo cuncti putabant ceci
disse. Factus Olor-pendebat in aëre niveis pennis. At genitrix Hyrie nescia servari, deli
cuit flendo :
a quo, nati furta, juvencum. b servati.

NOTES.

7. Deucalioneas ] The deluge which was a very skilful soothsayer.

in the time of Deucalion and Pyrrha. See
Lib. I.
8. Pitanen.] Pitane is a city in Æolia.
9. Factaque, &c.] The metamorphosis of
the serpent into a stone, signifies that he was
so transformed by Apollo, when he would
have bit off the head of Orpheus. See Book
XI.
10. Idæum.] The metamorphosis of the
ox into a stag, which Thyoneus, the son of
Bacchus had stolen, is the third that is re
lated. Thyoneus was turned by Bacchus
into a huntsman, when he was flying from
the shepherds that pursued him.
12. Pater Corythi.] Paris, who was buried
in Gebrina of Troy.
13. Mæra. ] The fourth transformation
the poet mentions, is of Mæra turned into a
bitch. Some of the other fables are so very
obscure, as to be quite unintelligible.
14. Eurypylique.] Eurypylus was the son
of Hercules, who reigned in the island Cos,
Come. ] Cos is an island of the Ægean Seas,
situate over against Ionia, from whence comes
Cous . In this island the prince of phy
sicians, Hippocrates was born.
16. Phœbeamque.] Dedicated to Phœbus;
for there is no day so cloudy, but that the
sun may be seen. -Jalysios. ] Jalysus is
one ofthe Rhodian cities.Telchinas. ] The
Telchines were a people of Rhodes, who,
because their aspect was unfavourable, were
transformed into rocks.
18. Fraternis.] Of Neptune.
19. Cartheïa.] A town in the Island Cea.
22. Hyries.] Medea, going from thence,
saw Tempe of Boeotia, where Cycnus, the son
of Hyrie was turned into a swan .
23. Subitus.] Being suddenly made. An
epithet from the event.
* 28. Ille.]
The lad, the son of Hyrie.
31. Servari.] That he was preserved : for
she thought her son had been killed by the
fall,
260 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VII.

que fecit stagnumdesuo nomi- Delicuit : stagnumque suo de nomine fecit.

nie. Pleuron adjacet his : in Adjacet his a Pleuron
vul : in quâ trepidantibus alis
qua Combe Ophias effugittibus
natorum trepidan Ophias effugit natorum vulnera Combe.
nera
alis . Inde aspicit arva Calau- Indè Calaureæ Latoïdos aspicit arva, 36
ree Latoïdos, conscia regis In volucrem versi cum conjuge conscia regis.
versi in volucrem cum conjuge: Dextera Cyllene est : in quâ cum matre Me
Cyllene est dextera : in quà
Menephron erat concubiturus nephron
cum matre, more sævarum fe- Concubiturus erat, sævarum more ferarum.
rarum. RespicitCephison pro- Cephison procùl hinc deflentem fata nepotis
cùl hinc deflentem fata nepo
tis, versi in tumidam Phocen Respicit, b in tumidam Phocen ab Apolline versi :
ab Apolline ; que aspicit do- Eumelique domum lugentis in aëre natam. 41
mum Eumeli lugentis natam Tandem vipereis Ephyren Pirenida pennis
in aère. Tandem contigit Pi- Contigit. Hic ævo veteres mortalia primo
renida Ephyren, vipereis pen
nis . Hic veteres vulgàrunt in Corpora vulgârunt pluvialibus edita fangis.
primo ævo mortalia corpora Sed postquàm Colchis arsit nova nupta venenis,
edita pluvialibus fungis . Sed Flugrantemque domum regis marevidit utrum
postquàm nova nupta arsit ve
nenis Colchis, que utrumque que, 46
mare vidit domum regis fla- Sanguine natorum perfunditur impius ensis ;
grantem, impius ensis perfun- ( Ultaque se malè mater, läsonis effugit arma. )
ditur sanguine natorum; (ma- Hinc, Titaniacis ablata draconibus, intrat
ter ulta se malê, effugit arma
Iasonis. ) Hinc ablata Titania Palladias arces ; quæ te, justissime Phineu 50
cis draconibus, intrat Palladias Teque senex Peripha, pariter vidêre volantes,
arces, quæ te, justissime Phi- Innixamque novis nepotem Polypemonis alis.
neu; que senex Periphavidêre
te, volantes pariter, que nepotem Polypemenis innixam novis alis.

a Brauron vicus Atticæ. b In jimidam Phocen.

NOTES.

32. Delicuit.] Dissolved. at the foot of Acrocorinthus.

33. Pleuron.] A city of Etolia.
34. Ophias ] The daughter of Ophius.
35. Calaureæ.] An island , situated be
tween Crete and the Peloponnese, over which
Látona presided until she went to Delos.
37. Cyllene. A mountain of Arcadia,
where Mercury is said to have been born.
39. Cephison . ] A river in Boeotia, that
glides by Delphos, whose son was transform
ed into a sea calfby Apollo.
41. Domum ] Patras, a city of Achaia,
in which Eumelus reigned, when he gave
entertainment to Triptolemus, whose cha
riot, while he was asleep, his daughter got into,
and was killed by falling out of it.
42. Ephyren.] Corinth, so called of Ephir,
the daughter of Oceanus, who is said to have
first resided there. The poet adds Pirenida,
so called from the fountain Pyrene, situated
44. Pluvialibus fungis.] Mushrooms pro
duced by rain. At Corinth, it was said,
men sprung from mushrooms. This story
arose from the ignorance of its first inhabi
tants so that Fungi, mushrooms, became a
proverbial expression for foolish people.
45. Colchis. ] i. e. Colchicis, adj. Medea car
ried her poisons along with her from Colchis.
46. Mare utrumque. ] Two seas which
wash the Isthmus of Corinth saw the king's
house in a flame.
47. Natorum.] Medea had two sons by
Jason, which she afterwards killed, being
slighted by Jason, who married Creusa, the
daughter of Creon, king of Corinth.
49. Titaniacis draconibus.] The Titani
⚫an dragons.
50. Palladias. ] Athens dedicated to Pal
las.

EXP. FAB. V. The Argument of this Fable so fully relates the subsequent
transactions of Jason, as to render it unnecessary to continue them here;
but this it may be requisite to observe, that Ovid, in his account of the two
journies undertaken by Medea, introduces several fables, of which history is
 FAB. VI. , METAMORPHOSENN . 261

wholly silent. However, the following observations may, in general, serve

as a key to them, viz.; To escape any imminent danger, was to be turned
into a Bird ; to avoid a pursuit, to be concealed in a Cave, or transformed
into Serpents if forced into tears, that was to become a fountain ; if
young persons are said to be lost in a wood, they become Nymphs or Dry
ads. The likeness of names, as has been observed, offered a ready hint for
a metamorphosis , viz .: Alopis into a Wolf; Cygnus into a Swan ; Coronis
into a Crow ; Cerambis into a Beetle. A proper attention to these will
explain many of the fables related here ; but such as have a connexion with
historical facts, we shall more particularly consider. That of the women
of Cos being changed into Cows, has its foundation in the cruelty of Her
cules's companions, who sacrificed some of them to the gods of the coun
try : that of the inhabitants of Rhodes being changed into Rocks, from
their perishing in an inundation. The great fruitfulness of the daughter of
Alcidamas, was expressed by her being turned into a Dove : the rage and
despair of Mæra, by her transformation into a Bitch. The metamorphosis
of Menephron into a brute beast, shews the horror in which his incest was
held. Arne was changed into a Daw, for her avarice in selling her country,
as that bird is reported to love money. The metamorphosis of Philyre,
the mother of Chiron, the Centaur, into a Linden-Tree, is what her name
expressed in the Greek language.

FAB. VI. VII. & VIII. SPUMA CERBERI IN VENENUM . SCIRON IN PETRAM.
ARNE IN AVEM MONEDULAM.

Hercules chains the dog Cerberus, who guarded Hell. Theseus, after his
exploits in Corinth, arrives at Athens, where being unknown to his fa
ther, and Medea conceiving some unfavourable apprehensions respecting
him, she prepares for him a cup of poison ; but the king, luckily disco
veringhim to be his son, just at the instant he is going to drink, snatches
the cup from him, when instantly the Sorceress flies off in her chariot.
Ægeus then makes a solemn feast to celebrate the Prince's arrival and
preservation ; in the mean time Minos, King of Crete, solicits several
Princes to assist him in a war against Athens, to revenge the death of
his son Androgeus, who had been murdered there.

EXCIPIT hanc Egeus, facto damnandus in geus excipithanc,damnan

dus in uno facto : nec est hos
uno : [junxit.
pitium satis, quoquejunxit fee
Nec satis hospitium est, thalami quoque fœdera dera thalami. Jamque Theseus
Jamque aderat Theseus, proles a ignara parenti ; aderat, proles ignara parenti ;
Qui virtute suâ bimarem pacaverat Isthmon. qui pacaverat bimarem Isth
mon suà virtute, Medea mis
Hujus in exitium miscet Medea, quod olim 5 cet in exitium hujus aconiton
Attulerat secum Scythicis aconiton ab oris. quod olim attulerat secum ab
Scythicis oris.
a ignota . 14

NOTES.

1. Hanc.] Medea. their name, which, as Plutarch writes, The

Damnandus.] Blameable.
In uno.] For this one fact, that he had
given entertainment to Medea.
1 4. Bimarem.]
The Isthmus of Peloponne
sus, from which the Isthmian games took
seus instituted in honour of Neptune.
6. Aconiton ] An herb which is the rank
est-poison, called Aconitum, of Týs’Axóvns,
i . e. a cliff of a rock, because t grows
thereon,
 262 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIL

Memorant illud esse ortum è Illud Echidneæ memorant è dentibus ortum

1 dentibus canis Echidneæ. Est Esse canis. Specus est tenebroso cæcus hiatu;
cacus specus tenebroso hiatu, Est via declivis, per quam Tirynthius heros 9
est via declivis per quam Ti
rynthius heres abstraxit Cerbe- Restantem, contraque diem radiosque micantes
ron restantem, que obliquan- Obliquantem oculos, nexis adamante catenis,
tem oculos contra diem, que Cerberon abstraxit ; rabidâ qui concitus irâ
micantes radios, catenis nexis
adamante, qui concitus rabida Implevit pariter ternis latratibus auras,
irâ, pariter implevit auras ter- Et sparsit virides spumis albentibus a agros. 14
nis latratibus, et sparsit virides Has concrêsse putant ; nactasque alimenta fe
agros albentibus spumis. Pu- Fœcundique soli, vires cepisse nocendi. [racis
tant has concresse ; que nactas
alimenta feracis foecundique Quæ quia nascuntur durâ vivacia caute
.
soli, cepisse vires nocendi Agrestes Aconita vocant. Ea, conjugis astu,
Quæ quia vivacia nascuntur Ipse parens geus nato porrexit, ut hosti. 19
durâ caute, agrestes vocant
Aconita. Ipse parens Egeus, Sumpserat ignarâ Theseus data pocula dextrâ;
astu conjugis porrexit eanato, Cùm pater in capulo gladii cognovit eburno
ut hosti.
Theseus sumpserat Signa sui generis : facinusque excussit ab ore.
data pocula
cùm pater ignarâsigna
cognovit dextrâ sui; Effugit illa necem, nebulis per carmina motis.
generis in eburno capulo gla- At genitor, quanquâm lætatur sospite nato ;
dii, que excussit facinus abore. Attonitus tantum leti discrimine parvo 25
Illa effugit necem, nebulis mo- Committi potuisse nefas, fovet ignibus aras,
tis per carmina. At genitor,
quanquâm lætatur nato sospite, Muneribusque Deos implet : feriuntque secures
attonitus tantum nefaspotuisse Colla torosa boum vinctorum cornua vittis.
committi parvo discrimine leti, Nullus Erechthidis fertur celebratior illo
fovet aras ignibus, que implet 30
Deos muneribus : que secures Illuxisse dies. Agitant convivia patres,
feriunt torosa colla boumvinc- Et medium vulgus ; nec non et carmina, vino
torum cornua vittis. Nullus Ingenium faciente, canunt. Te, maxime Theseu,
dies fertur illuxisse celebratior Mirata est Marathon Cretai sanguine tauri ;
Erechthidis illo. Patres et
medium vulgus agitant convivia : nec non et canunt carmina, vino faciente ingenium. Ma
rathon mirata est te, maxime Theseu, sanguine Cretæi tauri :
a herbas. b ferocis.

NOTES.

7. Echidneæ.] Of Cerberus, xidva ; in Nato sospite.] Theseus being safe.

Latin Vipera, a viper.
9. Tirynthius.] Hercules, so named from
his country Tirynthe.
10. Restantem ] Resisting.
11. Nexis adamante.] Of adamant, and
therefore the stronger.
13. Ternis.] Triple, from his triple head.
18. Conjugis astu.] By the craft of his
wife.
19. Nato.] To his son Theseus.
20. Ignarâ.] Being ignorant, knowing
nothing of the matter.
22. Signa.] Ægeus knew his son Theseus,
by a figure that was engraved upon the ivory
hilt of his sword.
Facinusque, &c ] He pushed awaythe poi
son from his son's mouth.
23. Illa.] Medea.
Nebulis motis.] Clouds arising by her en
chantments, which concealed her, and by
which she was carried through the air.
24. Genitor.] Egeus,
25. Discrimine parvo ] By a small differ
ence. Because he was near drinking the
poison.
28. Torosa.] Thick and fat.
Vinctorum, &c.] Having horns bound
with ribbands, according to custom.
29. Erechthidis ] The Athenians are
called Erechthides, from Erechtheus their
king.
30. Agitant.] They celebrate.
32. Ingenium vino faciente. ] Wine en
livening their fancy.Te.] He relates
the verses which were sung in praise of
Theseus.
33. Marathon.] A metonymy of the sub
ject, the place for the inhabitants. Mara
thon is a city of Attica, about ten miles from
Athens, Miltiades, the Athenian General,
overcame the army of Darius, in the fields of
Marathon.
Cretai. ] Cretensian, for the bull was led
by Hercules, from Crete to Eurystheus.
FAB. VI. METAMORPHOSEON. 263

Quodque, suis securus, arat Cromyona colonus, Que est tuum munus opusque
quod colonus arat
Munus opusquetuum est. Tellus Epidauria per securus suis. Epidauriatellus
te 35 vidit clavigeram prolem Vul
Clavigeram vidit Vulcani occumbere prolem. cani occumbere per te. Et
ora Cephesias vidit immiten
Vidit et immitem Cephesias ora Procrusten : Procrusten : Cerealis Eleusis
Cercyonis lethum vidit Cerealis Eleusis.. vidit lethum Cercyonis. Sinis
Occidit ille Sinis, magnis malè viribus usus : ille occidit, malè usus magnis
Qui poterat curvare trabes ; et agebat ab alto viribus que poterat curvare
Ad terram latè sparsurus corpora pinus. 41 trabes, et agebat pinus ab alto,
ad terram, corpora sparsurus
Tutus ad Alcathoën Lelegeïa moenia limes, late. Limes patet tutus ad
Composito Scirone, patet : sparsique latronis Alcathoën , Lelegeïa mœnia,
Terra negat sedem, sedem negat ossibus unda : Scirone composito : que terra
negat sedem ossibus, sparsi la
Quæ jactata diu fertur durâsse vetustas 45 tronis, unda negat sedem :quæ
In scopulos. Scopulis nomen Scironis inhæret. diu jactata, vetustas dicitur
durâsse in scopulos. Nomen
Si titulos annosque tuos numerare velimus ;
Pro te, fortissime , vota Scironis inhæret scopulis. Si
Facta premant annos. velimus numerare tuos titulos
Publica suscipimus : Bacchi tibi sumimus haustuɛ. annosque ; facta premant an
Consonat assensu populi, precibusque faventum nos. Fortissime, suscipimus
Regia : nec totâ tristis locus ullus in urbe est. publica vota pro te ; sumimus
haustus Bacchi tibi. Regia
Nec tamen (usque adeò nulli est sincera voluptas ; 52 consonat assensu populi, pre
Solicitique aliquid lætis intervenit) Egeus cibusque faventum : nec est
Gaudia percepit nato secura recepto. [ quàm ullus locus tristis in totâ urbe.
Bella parat Minos : qui quanquàm milite, quan tas Nec tamen (usque adeò volup
est sincera nulli : que ali
Classe valet ; patriâ tamen est firmissimus irâ ; quid soliciti intervenit lætis)
Androgeique necem justis ulciscitur armis. 57 geus percepit gaudia secura
nato recepto. Minos parat bella : qui quanquàm valet milite, quanquàm classe ; tamen
est firmîssimus patriâ irâ : que ulciscitur necem Androgei justis armis.

NOTES.

34. Cromyona.] A town in the territory
of Corinth, which a Sow of an incredible
size laid waste. This Sow Theseus killed.
[ Suis securus] is a very elegant expression,
that is, secure from the danger of the Sow
that was slain.
35. Epidauria.] Epidaurus is a city of
Peloponnese, renowned for the temple of
Esculapius.
36. Clavigeram ] A robber that carried a
great club, the son of Vulcan, called Peri
pheta.
37. Immitem.] Cruel - Cephesias.] A
region that the river Cephisus flows
through.
Procrusten.] Procrustes, Cercyon, Sci
ron, and Sinis are the robbers that Theseus
subdued.
58. Eleusis.] A city of Athens, where
the temple of Ceres stood, and thence
called Cerealis. The mysteries of Ceres
celebrated here, are called Eleusina.
39. Sinis.] A thief that infestedthe Isth
mus, and who tormented those who fell
into his hands, by fastening their arms to
two pine-trees, which he bent to the ground,
then suddenly letting them spring up, tore
their bodies in the most miserable and ex
cruciating manner. This robber Theseus
slew.
42. Ad Alcathoën.] The road is safe to
the city of Megara, that was rebuilt by Alca
thoë.
Lelegeia. ] Built by Lelex, who travelling
from Egypt, fortified Megara, and would
have the inhabitants called Leleges, after his
own name.
43. Composito.] Being slain. For com
ponere signifies to finish, or put an end to.
48. Facto, &c ] Thy Achievements are
more in number than the years of thy life.
Vota publica. ] The Theseian festivals,
which the Athenians instituted in honour of
Theseus.
49. Tibi.] To thy honour.
55. Minos.] King of Crete, he was the
son of Jupiter and Europa.
56. Firmissimus.] Most resolute and for
midable.
Ira.] Anger becoming a father on account
of the murder of his son.
57. Androgeique. ] This son of Minos,
the Athenians had murdered out of envy.
Justis. With ajust war, because it was
to take vengeance for the death of his son.
264 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VII.

Tamen acquirit amicas vires Ante tamen belium vires acquirit amicas :
ante bellum : quàque habitus Quàque a potens habitus, volucri freta classe per
potens, pererrat freta volucri
classe. Hincjungit Anaphen errat. 59
sibi, et Astypaleïa regna ; An- Hinc Anaphen sibi jungit, et Astypaleïa regna.
aphen promissis, stypaleïa Promissis Anaphen, regna Astypaleïa bello :
regna bello. Hinc humilem Hinc humilem Myconon, cretosaque rura Ci
Myconon, cretosaque rura Ci
moli, florentemque Cythnon, moli, [riphon,
Scyron, planamque Seriphon, Florentemque Cythnon, Scyron, planamque Se
marmoreamque Paron, quàque Marmoreamque Paron, quaque impia prodidit
impia Sithonis prodidit arcem,
accepto auro quod avara po arcem, 64
poscerat. Mutata est in avem, Sithonis accepto, quod avara poposcerat, auro.
quæ nunc quoque diligit au- Mutata est in avem, quæ nunc quoque diligit
rum ; Monedula nigra pedes ,
yelata nigris pennis. aurum ;
Nigra pedes, nigris velata Monedula pennis,
a patent aditus.

NOTES.

58. Ante bellum.] Before he made war
upon the Athenians, he procured auxiliary
troops.
59. Quàque. ] With a formidable navy, he
scoured all the neighbouring seas.
Volucri classe.] With a swift fleet.
60. Anaphen .] An island that spontane
ously arose out ofthe sea of Crete.
Astypaleïa.] An isle of the Ægean Sea,
one of the Cyclades.
62. Myconon.] This is also one of the
Cyclades. Magliad Cretosaque.] Chalky.
Cimoli.] An island in the Cretan Sea.
63. Cythnon.] Cythnos, Scyros, and Seri
phos, are islands of the Cyclades,
64. Marmoreamque.] Paros is an island,
and one ofthe Cyclades, which produces very
white marble, called Parian marble.
65. Sithonis.] An island, in which Sitho
nian Arne was transformed into a jack- daw,
67. Velata.] Covered.
f Monedula.] A bird of the jack-daw kind,
so called, quasi Monetula, because it is de
lighted with Moneta, i, e. money.

EXP. FAB. VI. VII. & VIII. The dog Cerberus, which makes such a
figure in fabulous history, has his origin from the Egyptians, whose Mum
mies he is said to have guarded. The Grecian history relates that, in the
Cavern Tænarus, there was a Serpent which ravaged the adjacent country ;
and as this place was supposed to be one ofthe avenues to Pluto's kingdom,
this Serpent was called his Porter. It is observed that Homer was the first
that called Cerberus a Dog, whose name signifies one that devours flesh. -
By the poisonous herbs said to grow from the foam of Cerberus, we are to
understand, that they were found in great abundance there, and the ill use
made of them by some women of Thessaly, was the occasion of their being
called Witches. The figure of Cerberus, which was brought from Egypt
by Sir Paul Lucas, and remains now in the cabinet of Mons. de Boze, is re
presented with the heads of a Man, a Dog, and a Monkey, with Serpents
entwined round the three heads, their tails making several folds about the
Jegs.

FAB. IX . CEPHALI LEGATIO.

Minos, having engaged several Powers in his Interest, and being refused
by others, goes to the island of Ægina, where Æacus reigned, to endea
your to bringthat Prince also into his Alliance, but without effect. Upon
his Departure, Cephalus arrives Ambassador from Athens, and obtains
Assistance from that King, who gives him an account of the Desolation, a
FAB. IX. METAMORPHOSEON. 265

Plague had made in his Country, and the surprising Manner in which
it had been repeopled .

AT non Oliaros, Didymæque, et Teros, et etAt non Oliaros,

Tenos, Didymæque
et Andros, et Gya
Andros,
ros, et Peparethos ferax niti
Et Gyaros, nitidæque ferax Peparethos olivæ, de oliva, juvêre Gnossiacas ra
Gnossiacas juvêre rates. Latere indè sinistro tes. Indè sinistro latere, Minos
Oenopiam Minos petit acideïa regna. petit Oenopiam acideïa reg
Oenopiam veteres appellavêre : sed ipse 5 na. Veteres appellavêre Oeno
piam : sed Æacus ipse dixit
Eacus Æginam genitricis nomine dixit. Æginam, nomine genitricis.
Turba ruit, tantæque virum cognoscere famæ Turbaruit, que expetit cognos
Expetit. Occurrunt illi Telamonque, minorque cere virum tantæ famæ. Tela
Quam Telamon Peleus, et proles tertia Phocus. quam monque, que Peleus minor
Telamon, et Phocus ter
Ipse quoque egreditur tardus gravitate senili 10 tiaproles, occurrunt illi. Æacus
acus: et quæ sit veniendi causa requirit. ipse quoque egreditur, tardus
Admonitus patrii luctûs suspirat, et illi senili gravitate : et requirit
quæ sit causa veniendi . Rec
Dicta refert rector populorum talia centum : tor centum populorum, admo
Arma juves oro pro gnato sumpta; piæque nitus patrii luctûs, suspirat, et
Pars sis militiæ. Tumulo solatia posco. 15 refert talia dicta illi : Oro ju
ves arma sumpta pro gnato ;
Huic Asopiades, Petis irrita, dixit, et urbi que sis pars piæ militiæ. Posco
Haud facienda meæ ; neque enim conjunctior ulla solatiatumulo. Asopiades dixit
Cecropidis hâc est tellus. Ea foedera nobis. huic, Petis irrita, et haud faci
Tristis abit, stabuntque tibi tua fœdera magno, enda meæ urbi : neque enim
ulla tellus est conjunctior Ce
Dixit : et utiliûs bellum putat esse minari, 20 cropidis hac. Ea foedera sunt
Quàm gerere, atque suas ibi præconsumere vires. nobis. Abit tristis, que dixit,
Classis ab Oenopiis etiamnum Lyctia muris Tua foedera stabunt magno : et
putatesseutiliùs minaribellum
Spectari poterat ; cum pleno concita velo
quàm gerere, atque ibi præ
consumere suas vires. etiamnum Lyctia classis poterat spectari ab Oenopiis muris ; cum

NOTES.

1. Oliaros, &c.] Are islands in the Ægean 15. Tumulo.] By Meton. for death.
Sea, which did not assist Minos against the -Eacus was the
16. Asópiades . ] Gen. æ.-.
Athenians. son of Jupiter and Ægina, who was the
2. Olivæ ferax.] Abounding in oil. daughter of Asopus, a river of Bæotia.
3. Gnossiacas rates .] Ships of Crete. Irrita.] Vain things, and such as I must
Gnossus was one of the chief cities of Crete, not do.
and the Court of Minos. 18. Cecropidis.] The Dative of Cecro
4. Oenopiam.] Now commonly called pidæ, arum, m. the Athenians were so
Ægina, or Engina ; an island in the Bay of called from Cecrops, the first king of
Saronica, called the Gulph of Engia. Athens.
6. Eacus.] He was the son of Jupiter ; Foedera nobis.] Such is our alliance.
he had three sons, Telamon, Peleus, and 19. Tristis ] Minos goes away discontent
Phocus. ed, as he had not obtained what he desired.
7. Turba ruit.] All the people run out of Stabunt tibi magno.] scil. pretio, shall cost
curiosity to see a man of so great fame. you dear.
8. Minorque.] Younger than Telamon. 20. Et utilius, &c. ] Minos thought it
12. Admonitus patrii luctus.] The sight of better to threaten acus, than to attack him
Eacus happy in three sons, and his very at that time, and waste his force before
errand renewed the sorrow of a father who hand.
had lost a son. 22. Classis ab, &c.] Minos was hardly out
13. Centum populorum.] Crete is said to of the harbour, when Cephalus arrived at
have had 100 cities. It is now called Can Egina to beg assistance for the Athenians,
dia, and was some years since taken by the which he obtained .
Turks,
M m
266 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VII.

Attica puppis adest concita Attica puppis adest, in portusque intrat amicos ;
pleno velo, que intrat in ami- Quæ Cephalum, patriæque simûl mandata fere
cos portus. Quæ ferebat Ce- acidæ longo juvenes post temporevisum [ bat.
phalum, que simul mandata
patriæ. Eacidæ juvenes ag- Agnovêre tamen Cephalum : dextrasque dedêre :
novere Cephalum tamen visum Inque patris duxêre domum. Spectabilis heros,
post longo tempore: que dedêre Et veteris retinens etiamnum pignora formæ,
dextras : que duxêre in domum Ingreditur : ramumque tenens popularis olivæ,
patris. Spectabilis heros etiam
nùm retinens pignora veteris A dextrâ lævâque duos ætate minores 31
formæ ingreditur : que tenens Major habet, Clyton et Buten, Pallante creatos.
ramum popularis olive, major Postquâm congressus primi sua verba tulerunt ;
habet duos minores ætate à Cecropidum Cephalus peragit mandata, rogatque
dextrâ lævâque, Clyton et
Buten, creatos Pallante. Post- Auxilium ; fœdusque refert, et jura parentum :
quam primi congressus tule- Imperiumque peti totius Achaïdos addit. 36
runt sua verba ; Cephaluspera- Sic ubi mandatam juvit facundia causam,
git mandata Cecropidum : ro- acus, in sceptri capulo nitente sinistrâ,
gatque auxilium, que refert
foedus, et jura parentum : que Ne petite auxilium, sed sumite, dixit Athenæ.
addit imperium totius Achaï- Nec dubie vires, quas hæc habet insula, vestras
dos petit. Sic ubi facundia Ducite , a et omnis eat rerum status iste mearum.
juvit mandatam causam ; Æa- Robora non desunt : superat mihi miles et hosti.
cus, sinistrâ nitente in capulo Gratia dis ; felix et inexcusabile tempus. 43
sceptri, dixit, Ne petite aux
ilium, Athenæ, sed sumite. Immò ita fit, Cephalus, crescat tua civibus opto
Nec dubiè ducite vires quas Res, ait. Adveniens equidem modò gaudia cepi ;
hæc insula habet vestras, et Cùm tam pulchra mihi, tam par ætate juventus
omnis status mearum
eat. Roboranon miles Obvia processit . Multos tamen indè requiro,
desunt :rerum
superat mihi et hosti, Gratia
Dis ; tempus felix et inexcusabile. Cephalus ait, Immò ita fit, opto tua res crescat civibus.
Equidem adveniens modò cepi gaudia, cùm juventus tam pulchra, tam par ætate processit
obvia mihi.-Tamen inde requiro multos
a. Ducite, et, ut rerum nunc est status ille mearum,
Robora non desunt ; superest mihi miles in hostem.

NOTES.

23. Cephalum,] The plenipotentiary of their fathers had made of old.

the Athenians. (cus.
26. Eacidæ.] Gen. arum-the sons of Ea
29. Veteris formæ.] Of his former beauty.
30. Popularis olivæ ] The olive was
reckoned an emblem of peace, and there.
fore properly carried by a man, who came to
beg friendship and assistance. The poet calls
the olive popularis, of the same country, be
cause Minerva had introduced it into A
thens upon the famous contest she had with
Neptune, which you may read in the Pan
theon.
32. Clyton et Buten.] Clytus and Butes.
the sons of Pallas (whose father was Pandion)
were one on the right hand, and the other on
the left hand of Cephalus.
33. Sua verba.] The proper words, the
proper compliments, as we say.
54. Peragit mandata.] Performs the com
mands which he had received from the
'Athenians.
35. Foedus et jura parentum.] He puts
him in mind of the solemn league which
36. Imperiumque.] The kingdom.
Peti.] To be aimed at by Minos ; this he
did, that he might the more easily per
suade Eacus to send auxiliary forces to the
Athenians against Minos.- -Achaïdos.] Of
Greeee.
38. Nitente.] Leaning on his sceptre.
39. Athenæ.] Ye Athenians ; the thing
containing for the thing contained.
41. Eat.] Let all my power go with you.
42. Robora.] Strength, forces.
Superat mihi, &c.] I have men in abun
dance both to defend myself, and to annoy or
repel a foe.
43. Gratia.] sc. sit, acus gives thanks
to the gods.
Felix, &c.] You are come at a lucky time,
when I cannot make any excuse, though I
should have a mind, for not complying with
your request.
47. Obvia processit.] Came to meet.
Requiro.] I am looking for ; i. e. deside
ro, I miss.
FAB. IX.: METAMORPHOSEON. 267

Quos quondam vidi vestrâ priùs urbe receptus. quos quondamvidi priûs recep
Eacus ingemuit ; tristique ita voce locutus : tus vestrâ urbe. Eacus inge
muit; que locutus ita tristi
Flebile principium melior fortuna sequetur. 50 voce : Meliorfortuna sequetur
Hanc utinam possem vobis memorare ! sine ullo flebile principium. Utinam
Ordine nunc repetam : neu longâ ambage possem memorare hanc vobis !
morer vos. nunc repetam sine ullo ordine,
[quiris. neu morer vos longâ ambage.
Ossa cinisque jacent, memori quos mente re- Quos requiris memori mente,
Et quota pars illi rerum periêre mearum ! jacent ossa cinisque. Et illi
Dira lues irâ populis Junonis iniquæ, 55 quota pars periêre mearum re
rum! Dira lues incidit populis
Incidit exosæ dictas à pellice terras. irâ Junonis, exosæ terras dic
Dùm visum mortale malum, tantæque latebat tas à pellice. Dùm malum vi
Causa nocens cladis ; pugnatum est arte medendi ; sum mortale, que nocens causa.
tantæ cladis latebat ; pugna
Exitium superabat opem ; quæ victa jacebat. tum est arte medendi : exitium
Principio coelum spissâ caligine terras 60 superabat opem ; que jacebat
Pressit ; et ignavos inclusit nubibus æstus : victa. Principio cœlum pres
Dùmque quater a junctis explevit cornibus orbem sit terras spissâ caligine ; et in
clusit ignavos æstus nubibus :
Luna, quater plenum tenuata retexuit orbem ; dùmque luna explevit orbem
Letiferis calidi spirârunt flatibus Austri. 64 quater junctis cornibus, quater
Constat et in fontes vitium venisse, lacusque ; tenuato retexuit plenum or
Austri spirârunt
Milliaque incultos serpentum multa per agros bem calidi
letiferis flatibus. Constat et
Errâsse, atque suis fluvios temerâsse venenis. vitium venisse in fontes, la
cusque, et multa millia serpentum errâsse per incultos agros, atque temerâsse fluvios suis
venenis. a planis.

NOTES.

50. Flebile principium.] A lamentable
origin.
51. Memorare.] To relate fully, and in
order.
52. Longâ ambage.] With a circumstan
tial detail. The poet describes the trans
formation of ants into men. The inhabit
ants of Ægina being consumed by a pesti
lence, through the anger of Juno, acus
entreated his father Jupiter, that he would
either restore his people, or deprive him of
life. And seeing a great number of ants in
the hollow of an oak, he begged of Jupiter to
let him have as many citizens as there were
insects. Jupiter, at his entreaty, turned the
ants into men, among whom Eacus di
vided his kingdom.
53. Ossa cinisque jacent.] They are dead
that you inquire for, and whom you have
formerly seen.
54. Quota pars.] How small a part, how
few were they whom you miss, in compari
son of those who died! For his whole nation
had been swept away with the plague.
55. Dira lues.] An incurable plague, for
which no remedy could be found.
56. Exosa. ] Pursuing his hatred.
Dictas à pellice.] The island named from
her rival, and called Ægina by Æacus, after
the name of his mother, whom Juno hated,
as Jupiter had lain with her.
57. Mortale.] Such as is common to
mortals.
58. Causâ.] The anger of Juno, which was
the cause of so great a calamity.
Pugnatum est ] They strove against it.
59. Exitium. ] The slaughter, the morta
lity.
Opem.] Help.- 61 . Pressit.] Covered.
Ignavos.] Lazy, so called from its effect,
for sultry heat, æstus, makes people lazy.
62. Dumque quater, &c.] For the space of
four months.
63. Tenuata.] Diminished.
Retexuit.] Texo, to weave ; retexo, to
unweave, i. e. to ravel, to do away, or un
do what has been done : " Here then it is,
she did away the fulness of her orb," (that
is) she decreased, and seemed to retire into
darkness.
64. Letiferis flatibus. ] With pestilential
blasts.
65. Vitium.] The corruption of the air.
67. Temerâsse.] To have infected.
268 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VII.

Potenita subiti morbi deprensa Strage canum primâ, volucrumque, oviumque,

primâ strage canum, volu
crumque, oviumque, boum boumque,
ara- Inque feris subiti deprensa potentia morbi.
que, inque feris. Infelix ara
tor miratur validos tauros con- Concidêre infelix validos miratur arator 70
cidêre inter opus ; que
bere medio sulco. Lanæ carecum- Inter opus tauros ; medioque recumbere sulco.
dunt suâ sponte, lanigeris gre- Lanigeris gregibus balatus dantibus ægros
gibus dantibus ægros balatus, Sponte suâ lanæque cadunt, et corpora tabent.
et corpora tabent. Equus Acer equus quondam, magnæque in pulvere
quondam acer, magnæque fa famæ, [rum,
mæ in pulvere, degenerat pal
mas ; que oblitus veterum ho- Degenerat a palmas ; veterumque oblitus hono
norum, gemit ad præsepe, Ad præsepe gemit, morbo moriturus inerti. 76
moriturus inerti morbo. Aper Non aper irasci meminit ; non fidere cursu
non meminit irasci ; non cerva
fidere cursu : nec ursi incur- Cerva ; nec armentis incurrere fortibus ursi.
rere fortibus armentis. Lan- Omnia languor habet : sylvisque, agrisque, viisque,
guer habet omnia : fœda corpo- Corpora fœda jacent ; vitiantur odoribus auræ.
ra jacent sylvisque, agrisque, Mira loquor. Non illa canes, avidæque volucres,
viisque, auræ vitiantur odori- Non cani tetigêre lupi : dilapsa liquescunt ; 82
bus. Loquor mira. Non canes,
avidæque volucres, non cani Afflatuque nocent ; et agunt contagia latè.
lupi tetigêre illa dilapsa li- Pervenit ad miseros damno graviore colonos
quescunt : que nocent afflatu; Pestis, et in magnæ dominatur moenibus urbis,
et agunt contagia late. Pestis
pervenit ad miseros colonos Viscera torrentur primò : flammæque latentis
graviore damno, et dominatur Indicium rubor est, et ductus anhelitus ægrè.
in moenibus magnæ urbis. Pri- Aspera lingua tumet, trepidisque arentia venis
mò viscera torrentur ; que Ora patent : auræque graves captantur hiatu .
rubor est latentis
flammæ, et anhelitus ægrè Non stratum, non ulla pati velamina possunt :
ductus. Lingua aspera tumet, Dura sed in terrâ ponunt præcordia : nec fit 91
que arentia ora patent trepidis Corpus humo gelidum, sed humus de corpore
venis, que graves auræ cap
tanturhiatu. Non possunt pati fervet. [dentes
stratum, non ulla velamina, Nec moderator adest : inque ipsos sæva me
sed ponunt dura præcordia in
terrâ : nec corpus fit gelidum humo, sed humus fervet de corpore. Nec moderator adest ;
que sæva clades erumpit in medentes ipsos ;
a27 Degener, et Palmæ, &c. b avidi.

NOTES.

68. Strage canum, &c.] The noxious va
pour, which caused this plague, supposed
to be exhaled by the sun out of the earth,
naturally seized those animals first which
feed or graze upon the ground. This pro
gress of the distemper is taken from Ho
mer.
70. Miratur.] Wonders, for he knows not
the cause ofthe calamity.
71. Inter opus. ] As he is ploughing.
Recumbere.] To fall down.
72. Lanigeris. Wool-bearing.
73. Tabent.] They pine away.
74. Pulvere.] In the race.
75. Degenerat. ] Is taken actively in this
place.
Palmas. ] Victories.
Veterumque honorum. ] Of ancient glory.
7. Cursu.] An old Dative for cursui.
78. Incurrere.] To set upon.
79. Omnia, &c.] All animals were become
languid and weak.
80. Corpora fœda.] Stinking carcases.
81. Illa.] The carcases.
82. Dilapsa liquescunt.] They rot and fall
away. This is an admirable description of a
pestilence.
83. Agunt contagia latè.] They spread the
contagion far and near.
87. Indicium.] A flushing of the face shews
the bowels to be inflamed .
88. Tumet. ] Is puffed up.
Arentia.] Dry and parched.
89. Patent. ] They gape.
Graves.] Infectious.
90. Stratum.] The bed.
91. Dura. Hard, swelled.
93. Moderator.] A physician.
FAB. IX. METAMORPHOSEON . 269

Erumpit clades : obsuntque auctoribus artes. que artes obsunt auctoribus:

Quò propior quisque est, servitque fidelius ægro ; servitQuò quisque est propior, que
ægro fideliùs, citiùs ve
In partem leti citiùs venit. Utque salutis 96
nit in partem leti . Utque spes
Spes abiit ; finemque vident in funere morbi ; salutis abit ; que vident finem
Indulgent animis ; a et nulla, quid utile, cura est. morbi in funere ; indulgent
Utile enim nihil est. Passim, positoque pudore, animis : et est nulla cura quid
Fontibus, et fluviis, puteisque capacibus hærent : utile. Enim nihil est utile.
Nec priùs est extincta sitis, quàm vita, bibendo . Que posito pudore, hærent
passim fontibus et fluviis, que
[Inaè graves multi nequeunt consurgere ; et ipsis capacibus puteis : nec sitis est 2
Immoriuntur aquis ; aliquis tamen haurit et illas. ] extincta bibendo priùs quàm
Tantaque sunt miseris invisi tædia lecti ; 104 vita. [ Indè multi graves ne
Prosiliunt : aut, si prohibent consistere vires, queunt riuntur consurgere,
ipsis aquis. et Tamen
immo
Corpora devolvunt in humum, fugiuntque Pe- aliquis haurit et illas. ] Tanta
nates que sunt tædia invisi lecti mi
Quisque suos sua cuique domus funesta videtur : seris : prosiliunt : aut si vires
prohibent consistere, devolvunt
[ Et quia causa latet, blocus est in crimine notus. ] corpora in humum, que quis
Semianimes errare viis, dùm stare valebant, que fugiunt suos penates ; sua
Aspiceres ; flentes alios, terraque jacentes ; domus videtur funesta cuique!
Lassaque versantes supremo lumina motu. 111 [ Et quia causa latet, locus est
notus in crimine. ] Aspiceres
[Membraque pendentis tendunt ad sidera coeli, semianimes errare viis dum va
Hic illic, ubi mors deprenderat, exhalantes. ] lebant stare ; alios flentes, que
Quid mihi tunc animi fuit ? An, quod debuit jacentes terra ; que versantes
esse, 114 lassa lumina supremo motu.
[Quetendunt membra ad side
Ut vitam odissem, et cuperem pars esse meorum? ra pendentis cœli exhalantes
Quò se cunque acies oculorum flexerat ; illic hic, illic, ubi mors deprende
Vulgus erat stratum. Veluti cùm putria motis rat,] Quid animi fuit tunc mi
hi ? An, quod debuit esse, ut
odissem vitau et cuperem esse pars meorum? Quocunque acies oculorum flexerat se, illic
vulgus erat stratum. Veluti cùm putria

q et cura, quid utile, nulli est ; b locus est in crimine. Notis Semianimes, &c.

NOTES.

94. Erumpit.] Invades.
Obsunt, &c.] And the art of physic is
hurtful to the professors ofit.
96. Leti.] Of death.
97. Finemque, &c.] And they see the
end ofthe disease in death.
98. Indulgent animis.] They indulge
their appetites, eat and drink what they
like best, as no regimen or diet could avail.
99. Utile.] sc. sit.
Posito pudore.] Without shame, i. e.
therefore without bounds, restraint ; thus,
in Homer , λάας ἀναιδής.
103. Haurit.] He drinks.
Illas. Those infected waters, in which
many died.
104. Tantaque tædia, &c.] They hate
their beds so much that they jump out of
them.
105. Si prohibent, &c.] If any are so
weak thatthey can't stand, or leap out ofbed,
they roll themselves down upon the ground.
107. Funesta.] Pestilential and mortal.
108. Crimine.] In the fault.
Locus notus.] They blame the place
which they know : notus is in opposition
to latet in the preceding clause.
109. Semianimes.] Half dead.
111. Lassaque lumina.] Oculos jam morte
gravatos, as our poet says in another place,
their eyes heavy with death.
112. Pendentis.] Imminent, pressing
down upon them.
113. Hic.] Here, and there, and every
where.
114. Quid animi.] What mind had I?
says acus, i. e. What did I desire ?
115. Ut vitam odissem.] I ought to have
hated life, and wished for death.
116. Flexerat. ] Turned.
117. Putria.] Over ripe.
270 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VII.

poma cadunt ramis motis, que Poma cadunt ramis, agitataque ilice glandes.
glandes ilice agitata. Contrà Templa vides contrà gradibus sublimia longis :
vides templa sublimiagradibus; Jupiter illa tenet. Quis non altaribus illis 120
Jupitertenet illa. Quis non tu
lit irrita thura illis altaribus ? Irrita thura tulit ? quoties pro conjuge conjux ,
quoties conjux pro conjuge, ge- Pro gnato genitor, dùm verba precantia dicit,
nitor pro gnato, finivit ani- Non exoratis animam finivit in aris,
mam in non exoratis aris, dùm
dicit precantia verba ? Que Inque manu thuris pars inconsumta reperta est !
pars thuris est reperta incon- Admoti quoties templis, dùm vota sacerdos 125
sumpta in manu ! quoties ad- Concipit, et fundit purum inter cornua vinum,
moti templis, dùm sacerdos
concipit vota, et fundit purum Haud exspectato ceciderunt vulnere tauri.
vinum inter cornua tauri, ce- Ipse egosacra Jovi pro me, patriâque, tribusque
ciderunt vulnere haud exspec- Cum facerem natis, mugitus victima diros
tato ! Ego ipse cùm facerem Edidit : et subitò collapsa sinè ictibus ullis 130
sacri Jovi pro me, pro patriâ ;
tribusque natis, victima edidit Exigo tinxit subjectos sanguine cultros ! [rum
diros mugitus : que collapsa Fibra quoque ægra notas veri, monitusque Deo
subitò sine ullis ictibus, tinxit Perdiderat.a Tristes penetrant ad viscera morbi.
subjectos cultros exiguo san
guine! quoque fibraægra perdi Antè sacros vidi projecta cadavera postes :
derat natas veri, monitusque Antè ipsas, quò mors foret invidiosior, aras. 135
Deorum . Tristes morbi pene- Pars animam laqueo claudunt ; mortisque timo
trant ad viscera. Vidi cadave rem
râ projecta antè sacros postes ;
antè aras ipsas, quò mors foret Morte fugant : ultròque vocant venientia fata.
invidiosior. Pars claudunt ani- Corpora missa neci nullis de more feruntur
mam laqueo ; que fugant timo- Funeribus : neque enim capiebantfunera porta.
rem mortis morte : ultròque vo- Aut inhumata premunt terras : aut dantur in altos
cant venientia fata. Corpora
missa neci feruntur nullis fu- Indotata rogos. Et jam reverentia nulla est, 141
neribus de more : neque enim Deque rogis pugnant : alienisque ignibus ardent.
portæ capiebant funera. Aut inhumata premunt terras : aut indotata dantur in altos rogos,
Et jam nulla reverentia est, que puguânt de rogis, que ardent alienis ignibus.
a Prodiderat :

NOTES.

19. Templa vides.] Eacus says this, Ad viscera.] To the bowels.

pointing to a temple with his finger.
Contrà.] Over-against.
121. Irrita.] Vain, not profiting.
123. Exoratis.] Exoro signifies to prevail
upon by entreaties.
125. Admoti templis.] Being brought to
the temples.
Vota- concipit.] Concipio is a word par
ticularly used at sacrifices with Vota, to
express that the priest meditates or makes his
prayer to the god.
126. Purum ] Neat wine, without water.
Fundit, &c.] In their sacrifices they
poured out wine or other liquors to their
gods, which ceremony was called libatio, a
libation.
127. Haud exspectato.] Not looked for.
152. Agra.] Vitiated. The soothsayers
used to inspect the entrails ofthe beasts offered
in sacrifice, in order to foretel future events.
Notas.] The signs.
135, Tristes.] A metonymy of the efficient.
134. Sacros postes.] Before theholy gates
of the temple.
136. Pars animam, &c.] Some strangle
themselves.
137. Ultro. ] This belongs to venientia.
Venientia fata.] Approaching death.
138. Feruntur.] Are carried out : for dead
corpses were carried out of the city to be
buried.
159. Funeribus. ] The honour offunerals.
-Funus is the pomp of a burial, so called
of funalibus. i. e. the torches which were
carried before the corpse : the dead being
commonly burîed by night.
140. Aut inhumata.] Either lie unburied
upon the earth.
141. Indotata.] Or were cast into the
fire without any funeral honours : for the
ancients used to burn the bodies of the
Idead in their best ornaments, their next
relations throwing rich presents with them
into the fire."
FAB. X. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 271

Qui lacryment, desunt : indefletæque vagantur Desunt qui lacryment : que

animæ natorumque,
Natorumque, a virûmque animæ, juvenumque, juvenumque virûmque,
, senumque ,vagan
senu mque. 144 turindefleta. Nec locus sufficit
Nec locus in tumulos, nec sufficit arbor in ignes, in tumulos, nec arbor in ignes.
a Natarumque matrumque, &c.

NOTES.

145. In tumulos.] To build sepulchres.

Nec arbor in ignes.] Nor trees to erect funeral piles.

EXP. FAB. IX. Minos the Second , upon his accession to the throne of
his father Lycastes, made several conquests in the islands adjoining to Crete,
where he reigned, and at last became master of the sea. His son Androgeus
he sent to Athens, who entered as a combatant in the games celebrated
there, and became so successful, that he was greatly caressed by the sons
of Pallas, brother to Ægeus, which occasioned such suspicions in the
breast of the latter, that he caused Androgeus to be murdered on his way
to Thebes. The infamy of this action , the Athenians endeavoured to con
ceal, by reporting he was killed by the Marathon Bull, which ravaged
Greece. The adventures of the war that the death of Androgeus occasi
oned, are still to be related .

FAB. X. FORMICE IN HOMINES.

Jupiter, at the intercession of his Son Æacus, transformed the Ants that
were in the hollow of an old Oak, into Men ; who, from the Greek name
of those insects, were called Myrmidons.

ATTONITUS tanto miserarum turbine rerum, rum Attonitus

rerum,tanto
dixi,turbine misera
Jupiter ô, dixi, si te non falsa loquuntur O Jupiter, si
nonfalsa dicta loquunturte îssé
Dicta sub amplexus Ægina Asopidos îsse : subamplexusAsopidosÆginæ :
Nec te, magne Pater, nostri pudet esse paren nec, magnepater, pudet te essè
tem ; [sepulchro. parentem nostri,aut redde meos
Aut mihi redde meos ; aut me quoque conde pulchro. mihi ; aut conde me quoque
Ille dedit se
notam ful
Ille notam fulgore dedit, tonitrûque secundo. 6 gore,quesecundotonitrû. Dixi,
Accipio, sintque ista precor felicia mentis Accipio, que precor ista sint
Signa tuæ, dixi : quod das mihi , pigneror, omen. feliciasigna tuæ mentis, pigne
ror omenquoddas mihi. Forte'
Fortè fuit juxtà patulis rarissima ramis fuitjuxtà quercus de Dodonaro
Sacra Jovi quercus de semine Dodonao. 10 semine, sacra Jovi, rarissima
Hic nos frugilegas aspeximus agmine longo, patulis ramis. Hic nos aspex
imus frugilegas

NOTES.

1. Turbine.] A whirlwind, a storm of mi
sery ; this word expresses the violence and
rapidity by which his people were swept away.
2. Si te non, &c.] If it be true that you
are my father.- Loquuntur.] sc. Homines.
3. Isse, &c.] To have lain with Ægina,
the daughter of Asopus, and to have begot
ten me.
6. Notam.] A sign, Secundo.] Prospe
rous.
8. Quod das.] The omen you now give
me, I take for an happy pledge.
10. Dodonæo.] Dodona is a city of Mo
lossus in Epirus, near which was a wood
dedicated to Jupiter, in which doves used
to give answers. The Dodonæan oaks were
supposed to foretel future events ; from
thence the poets feign that the ship Argo
also gave answers.
11. Frugilegas. ] Gatheringfruits andgrain.
272 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIL

formicas gerentes grande onus Grande onus exiguo formicas ore gerentes,
exiguo ore,suum
servantes longocallem
agmine, que Rugosoque suum servantes cortice callem.
rugoso
cortice. Dùm miror numerum, Dum numerum miror, Totidem, pater optime,
dixi, Optimè pater, tu da mihi dixi, 14
totidem cives et reple inania Tu mihi da cives : et inania monia reple.
monia. Altaquercusintremuit, Intremuit, ramisque sonum sinè flamine motis
quededitsonum ramis motis si
nê flamine. Membra horrue- Altadedit quercus. Pavido mihi membra timore
rant mihi timore pavido, queco- Horruerant, stabantque comæ. Tamen oscula
mæstabant. Tamen dedi oscula
terræ,
terræ, que roboribus ; nec fate
bar me sperare : tamen spera Roboribusque dedi : nec me sperare fatebar : 1
bam : atque fovebam mea vota Sperabam tamen : atque animo mea vota fove
animo. Nox subit, et somnus bam . 20
occupat corpora exercita curis.
Eadem quercus visa est adesse Nox subit : et curis exercita corpora somnus
antè oculos mihi, et ferre toti- Occupat. Antè oculos eadem mihi quercus a
dem ramos et totidem animalia desse,
ramis ; que tremiscere parili Et ramos totidem, totidemque animalia ramis
motu:que spargeregraniferum
agmen in subjectis arvis. Quod Ferre suis visa est ; parilique tremiscere motu:
subitò crescere, et videri majus Graniferumque agmen subjectis spargere in arvis.
majusque, ac tollere se humo : Crescere quod subitò, et majus majusque videri,
que adsistere recto trunco ; et Ac se tollcre humo : rectoque adsistere trunco ;
ponere maciem numerumque Et macien , numerumque pedum, nigrumque
pedum, nigrumque colorem, et
inducere humanam formam colorem, 28
membris. Somnus abit. Vigi- Ponere ; et humanam membris inducere formam.
lans damno mea visa ; queror- Somnus abit. Damno vigilans mea visa ; que
que nihil opis esse in Superis.
At ingens murmur erat in ædi rorque
bus : que videbar exaudire vo- In Superis opis esse nihil. At in ædibus ingens
hi. hominum,
cos jam desuetas
Dùm suspicor mi- Murmur erat ; vocesque hominum exaudire vi
has quoque
debar, [ a somni ;
somni ; ecce Telamon properus,
foribusque reclusis, dixit, Pa- Jam mihi desuetas. Dùm suspicor has quoque
ter, videbis majora speque fide- Eccè venit Telamon properus, foribusque reclusis,
que : Egredere. Egredior : que Speque fideque,' pater, dixit, majora videbis :
viros
in qualessomni,
imagine visus eram vidisse
aspicio, ag- Egredere. Egredior : qualesque in imagine somni
noscoque tales ex ordine. Ade. Visus eram vidisse viros, ex ordine tales 37
unt; que salutantregem. Solvo Aspicio, agnoscoque. Adeunt ; regemque salutant.
vota Jovi, que partior urbem Vota Jovi solvo, populisque recentibus urbem
recentibus populis ; et agros Partior, et vacuos priscis cultoribus agros ; 40
vacuos priscis cultoribus ;
a somnum.

NOTES.

12. Rugoso.] Rough. 25. Arvis subjectis. ] In the fields under

14. Totidem cives.] So many subjects as neath.
I here see ants. 27. Recto.] Upright.
15. Inanja.] Depopulated. 30. Visa. ] My dream, vision.
16. Sinè flamine motis.] The motion of 33. Has quoque, &c.] scil. esse voces somni.
the branches without wind shewed the im 34. Telamon.] My son.
mediate interference of the god. 35. Majora speque fideque.] Things beyond
18. Stabantque.] Stood upright. hope or belief.
19. Subit.] Comes on- Exercita.] Tired. 38. Adeunt.] They draw near to me.
23. Animalia.] Ants. 39. Vota Jovi solvo.] I give thanks to
24. Parili.] In like manner, as I had ob- Jupiter, I sacrifice:
served in the day. 40. Partior.] I divide, I distribute,
 FAB. XI. METAMORPHOSEON. 273

Myrmidonasque voco ; nec origine nomina frau- que voco Myrmidonas ; neč
Corpora vidisti ; Mores, quos antègerebant, [do. fraudo nomina origine. Vidis
ti corpora ; quoque nunc ha
Nunc quoque habent ; parcumque genus, pati- bent mores, quos antè gere
ensque laborum, bant; parcumque genus, pa
Quæsitique tenax, et qui quæsita reservent. 44 tiensque laborum, que tenax
quæsiti, et qui reservent quæ
Hi te ad bella pares annis animisque sequentur : sita. Hi sequentur te ad bella,
Cùm primùm, qui te feliciter attulit, Eurus pares annis animisque : cùm
( Eurus enim attulerat) fuerit mutatus in Austros. primùm Eurus, qui attulit te
feliciter (enim Eurus attule
rat) fuerit mutatus in Austros.

NOTES.

41. Myrmidonasque. ] Of uveurnes, i. e. Antè.] Before they were men.

of ants.- Fraudo.] I deprive. 45. Pares annis. ] For they were all born
42. Corpora, &c.] After having told Cepha on the same night.
lus the story of the production of these men, 47. Austros mutatus.] Because they that
he says, you see what sort of people they are. sail from Ægina to Athens need a south wind.

EXP. FAB. X. Minos, having traversed the Isles of Oliaros, Didymus,

Tenos, and Andros, staid some time in Egina, where Eacus reigned.
Surprised at not meeting with any of his old acquaintance, he was informed
by the king of the ravages made amongst his subjects by the plague, and
that Jupiter had replaced them, by transforming into men the ants that
were in an hollow tree ; which we can suppose to be no other than the re
turn of his people, who had fled to the woods to avoid the contagion.
The affinity of their name in Greek to that of ants, gave rise to the story
of this metamorphosis .

FAB. XI. & XII. CEPHALUS AB AURORA IMMUTATUR. CANIS ET VULPES

IN SAXUM.

Cephalus, having resisted the entreaties of Aurora, who fell in love with
him as he was hunting, returns in disguise to his wife Procris, to try the
sincerity of her affection , which beginning to waver, he makes himself
known, and the discovery so provokes her, that she flies to the woods,
and turns huntress, with a resolution never to see him more. She is
afterwards, upon his submission , reconciled to him, and bestows on him
a Dog and Dart, which Diana had given her. The Dog is turned into
stone when in chase of a wild beast, which Themis had sent to ravage
the territories of Thebes, according to the interpretation of the Sphinx's
Riddle by Oedipus.

4 TALIBUS atque aliis longum sermonibus illi Illi implêvere longum diem,
talibus atque aliis sermoni
Implevêre diem. Lucis pars ultima men bus. Ultima pars lucis est data
sæ [ Sol : mensæ, nox somnis. Aureus
Est data, nox somnis. Jubar aureus extulerat Sol extulerat jubar : Eurus
Flabat adhuc Eurus ; redituraque vela tenebat. fiabat
dituraadhuc
vela.
; que tenebat re

NOTES.

2. Pars ultima lucis. ] The evening. 3. Jubar. ] His beams,

Mense. To supper, to feasting Aureus. ] Splendid,
Nn
274 F. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VII.

Sati Pallante conveniunt ad Ad Cephalum Pallante sati, cui grandior ætas ;

Cephalum cui grandior
Cephalus, ,simùl Pal: Ad regem Cephalus, simùl et Pallante creati
et creatiatas
lante ad regem. Sed altus so Conveniunt. Sed adhuc regem sopor a altus
poradhuc habebat regem. Pho habebat. 7
cus acides excipit illos
limine : nam Telamon frater in Excipit acides illos in limine Phocus :
que legebant viros ad bella. NamTelamon fraterque viros ad bella legebant.
Phocus ducit Cecropidas in Phocus in interius spatium, pulchrosque recessus
interius spatium, pulchrosque Cecropidas ducit, cum quîs simul ipse resedit ;
recessus, cum quîs ipse resedit Aspicit Æoliden ignotâ ex arbore factum 12
simùl ; aspicit Æoliden ferre
jaculum manu, factum ex ig Ferre manû jaculum ; cujus fuit aurea cuspis.
notâ arbore ; cujus cuspis fuit Pauca priùs mediis sermonibus ille locutus,
aurea. Ille priùs locutus pau- Sum nemorum studiosus, ait, cædisque ferinæ ;
camediis sermonibus, ait, Sum 16
studiosus nemorum, que feri- Quâ tamen è sylvâ teneas hastile recisum
næ cædis : tamen jamdudum Jamdudum dubito : certè, si fraxinus esset,
dubito è quâ sylvà hastile fuit Fulva colore foret ; si cornus, nodus inesset :
recisum ; si esset fraxinus, certè Undè sit ignoro : sed non formosius isto
foret fulva colore ; si cornus,
nodus inesset : ignoro unde Viderunt oculi telum jaculabile nostri. 20
sit : sed nostri oculi non vide- Excipit Actæis è fratribus alter : et, Usum
runt jaculabile telum formo- Majorem specie mirabere, dixit, in isto.
sius isto. Alter è Actæis fra
tribus excipit, et dixit, Mira Consequitur quodcunque petit : Fortunaque
bere usum majorem specie in missum
isto. Consequitur quodcun- Non regit ; et revolat nullo referente cruentum.
que petit : que fortuna non Tum verò juvenis Nereïus omnia quærit ; 25
regit missum; et revolat cruen
tum nullo referente. Tum Cur sit, et undè datum ; quis tanti muneris auc
verò Nereius juvenis quærit tor ?
omnia ; cur sit, et undè datum ; Quæ petit ille refert ; sed, quæ narrare pudori est,
quis auctor tanti muneris ?
t ede silet : tactusque dolore
İlle refert quæ petit, sed, quæ Qua tuleri merc
est pudori narrare , silet quâ Conjugis amissæ , lacrymis ita fatur obortis :
mercede tulerit : tactusque do- Hoc me, nate Deâ (quis possit credere ? ) telum
lore conjugis amissæ , ita fatur
lacrymis obortis, Nate Deâ
(quis possit credere ?) hoc telum
a artus.

NOTES.

5. Sati Pallante.] The sons of Pallas, Cly
tus and Butes, the companions of the em
bassy.
Grandior.] Older.
6. Regem.] To Eacus.
9. Fraterque.] Peleus.
12. Eoliden.] Cephalus, the nephew of
olus.
15. Nemorum studiosus ] I delight in hunt
ing and killing wild beasts.
16. E qua sylvâ.] From what tree ; the
containing for the contained.
18. Si cornus, &c. ] The cornel is a knotty
tree.
19. Undè.] From what tree.
20. Telum jaculabile. ] A periphrasis of a
javelin.
21. Actæis. ] Athenians.
Usum.] The properties.
22. Specie.] Than the beauty.
23. Fortunaque, &c. ] Is not subject to
chance. For it is never cast in vain.
25. Nereïus.] Phocus was the grandson of
Nereus ; Psamathe, the wife of Eacus, was
the daughter of Nereus.
26. Auctor.] Who was the giver of so va
luable a present.
27. Quæ, &c.] Cephalus answers to the
questions he is asked ; but, through modesty,
makes no mention upon what account he re
ceived that dart from his wife.
28. Tulerit ] He received.
Tactusque.] And being moved.
29. Conjugis.] Of his wife Procris.
50. Nate Deâ. Phocus, whom Cephalus
speaks to, was the son of Æacus, by the
nymph Psamathe.
Quis possit credere ?] Who could believe
that I should have occasion to weep on account
of that dart, which is counted so valuable
FAB. XI. METAMORPHOSEΩN. 275
1
Flere facit, facietque diu ; si vivere nobis 31 facit me flere, facietque diu ;
si fata dederint nobis vivere
Fata diu dederint: hoc me cum conjuge carâ
diu : hoc perdidit me cum carâ
Perdidit. Hòc utinam caruissem munere sem conjuge. Utinamcaruissem hoc
per ! munere semper ! Procris erat
Procris erat (si fortè magis pervenit ad aures soror raptæ Orithyïa (si fortè
Orithyia magis pervenit adtuas
35 aures.)
Orithyïa tuas) raptæ soror Orithyïæ. Si velis conferrefaciem
Si faciem moresque velis conferre duarum, moresque duarum, ipsa dignior
Dignior ipsa rapi. Pater hanc mihi junxit rapi. Pater Erechtheus junxit.
Erechtheus : hanc mihi : amor junxit hanc
mihi . Dicebar felix , eramque :
Hanc mihi junxit amor. Felix dicebar, eramque : (non visum est ita Dis) ac for
(Non ita Dîs visum est) ac nunc quoque forsitan sitan quoque essem nune. Alter
essem . mensis agebatur post pacta ju
galia; cum Aurora, pulsis tene
Alter agebatur post pacta jugalia mensis ; 40 bris lutea mane, videt me de
Cùm me cornigeris tendentem retia cervis, summovertice Hymetti semper
Vertice de summo semper florentis Hymetti, florentis, tendentem retia cor
Lutea manè videt pulsis Aurora tenebris : nigeris cervis, que rapit invi
tum. Liceat mihi referre vera,
Invitumque rapit. Liceat mihi vera referre pace Dea; quòd sit spectabilis
Pace Dea ; quòd sit roseo spectabilis ore, 45 roseo ore, quòd teneat confinia
Quòd teneat lucis, teneat confinia noctis, lucis, teneat confinia noctis,
quòd alatur nectareis aquis :
Nectareis quòd alatur aquis ; ego Procrin ama ego amabam Procrin : Procris
bam : erat semper in pectore mihì,
Pectore Procris erat, Procris mihi semper in ore. Procris in ore. Referebam
Sacra tori, coitusque novos, thalamosque recentes, sacra tori, que novos coitus,
que recentes thalamos, prima
Primaque deserti referebam fœdera lecti. que fœdera deserti lecti. Dea
Mota Dea est ; et, Siste tuas, ingrate, querelas , est mota ; et dixit, Ingrate,
Procrin habe, dixit : quòd si mea provida siste tuas querelas ; hæbe Pro
mens est ; crin ; quòd si mea mens est
Non habuisse voles ; meque illi irata remisit . provida ; voles non habuisse ;
quæ irata remisit me illi. Dom
Dum redeo, mecum que Deæ memora ta o
retract , redeo, que retractomecum me
Esse metus cœpit, ne jura jugalia conjux 55 morata Deæ, metus cœpit esse,
nec onjux,

NOTES.

34. Procris.] She was the daughter ofErech
theus, king of the Athenians.
Siforte, &c. ] So Lib. IX.
36. Conferre.] Compare.
37. Ipsa.] Procris ; for Cephalus thought
Procris to be more beautiful than Orithyïa.
Junxit mihi.] He gave her to ine for a
wife.
39. Non Dis.] It was not the will of the
gods that I should be happy.
40. Agebatur.] Was begun. This is the
proper sense of this word.
Post pacta jugalia.] After the celebration
of the nuptials.
42. Hymetti.] A mountain near Athens,
where the best honey and finest marble are to
be bad.
43. Lutea.] Ruddy. Aurora fell in love
with Cephalus on account of his beauty.
45. Roseo.] Beautiful, rose coloured.
Spectabilis.] Worthy to be admired.
46. Teneat confinia. ] Possesses the confines.
48. Procris.] An elegant repetition .
49. Tori.] Of the bed.
50. Fœdera.] For he had plighted his faith
to Procris, that he would not be with any other
woman.-Deserti lecti.] O. his forsaken wife,
or violated marriage.
51. Dea mota est ] Aurora was provoked
and angry.- Siste.] Leave off. -Ingrate.]
Ungrateful, not to return my love.
52. Procrin habe.] An irony with 'indig
nation. - Provida mens.] If I can foresee
future events, you will wish you never had
had Procris.
54. Memorata .] The words of Aurora.
Retracto.] I meditate, I think on.
55. Conjux.] My wife Procris.
 276 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VII.

nonbene servâsset jura jugalia. Non bene servâsset- Faciesque ætasque jubebant
Faciesque ætasque jubebant Credere adulterium : prohibebant credere mores.
credere adulterium : mores
prohibebant credere. Sed ta Sed tamen abfueram ; sed et hæc erat, unde
men abfueram ; sed et hæc redibam, 85
erat exemplum criminis, undè Criminis exemplum. Sed cuncta timemus aman
redibam. Sed amantes time
mus cuncta. Studeo quærere tes.
quò doleam : que solicitare Quærere, quó doleam, studeo : donisque pudicam
pudicam fidem donis. Aurora Solicitare fidem. Favet huic Aurora timori ;
favet huic timori : que immu- Immutatque meam (videor sensisse) figuram.
tat meam figuram (videor sen- Palladias ineo, non cognoscendus, Athenas : 63
sisse.) Ineo, non cognoscen
dus, Palladias Athenas : in- Ingrediorque domum . Culpâ domus ipsa
grediorque domum. Domus carebat ; [ a rapto.
ipsa carebat culpâ ; que dabat
easta signa: que erat anxia do Castaque signa dabat : dominoque erat anxia
mino rapto. Aditu vix facto ad Vix aditu per mille dolos ad Erechthida facto,
Erechthida per mille dolos ; ut Ut vidi, obstupui ; meditataque penè reliqui
vidi, obstupui ; et penè reliqui Tentamenta fide : malè me, quin vera faterer,
meditata tentamentafide : con
tinui me male quin faterer ve- Continui ; malè quin, ut oportuit, oscula fer
ra ; male quin, ut oportuit, rem . 69
ferrem oscula. Erat tristis ; Tristis erat ; sed nalla tamen formosior illâ
sed tamen nulla potest esse Esse potest tristi ; desiderioque calebat
formosior illâ tristi : que cale
bat desiderio abrepti conjugis. Conjugis abrepti. Tu collige, qualis in illâ
Phoce, tu collige qualis decor Phoce, decor fuerit, quam sic dolor ipse decebat.
fuerit in illâ, quam dolor ipse Quid referam quoties tentamina nostra pudici
sic decebat. Quid referam,
quoties pudici mores reppule. Reppulerint mores? Quoties, Ego, dixerit, uni
rint nostratentamina ? Quoties Servor, ubicunque est : uni mea gaudia servo ?
dixerit, Ego servor uni, ubi- Cui non ista fide satis experientia sano 77
cunque estsano
: servo
nonmea expe Magna foret ? Non sum contentus ; et in mea
istagaudia
rientia fide foret satis magna? pugno [ cor ;
Non sum contentus ; et pugno Vulnera ; nam census dare me pro nocte pacis
in mea vulnera ; nam pacis- Muneraque augendo tandem dubitare coëgi.
cor me dare census pro nocte. Exclamo : Malè tectus ego en, malè
Augendo munera, tandem pactus
coëgi dubitare. Exclamo : adulter, 81
En ego adulter malè tectus, male pactus,
a tardo. b Exclamo me fassus, ego en male pactus (vel tactus) adulter,

NOTES.
56. Faciesque, &c.] The beautiful face,
and youthful years of Procris, gave a colour
to the fact.
57. Mores prohibebant. ] But her chaste
behaviour did not permit me to suspect her.
58. Sed et hæc. But Aurora, from whom
I came, was an example of frailty ; for Au
rora convineed him, that women were prone
to crimes.
61. Solicitare.] To tempt.
63. Ineo.] I enter in.
66. Erechthida.] Procris, the daughter of
Erechtheus.
68. Fide.] For fidei, a genitive case. It
is a Græcism.
69. Continui.] I can scarce refrain from
confessing myself to be Cephalus.
1
Ut oportuit.] As I ought.
71. Calebat.] She burned with love and
desire of her absent husband.
72. Conjugis.] Of her husband Cephalus,
whom she thought to have been carried away
by Aurora.- Tu collige. ] Dolyou imagine.
Reason withyourself. This the Greeks express
by συλλογίζειν .
75. Uni. ] For Cephalus only.
77. Cui.] To what wise man.
Fide.] For fidei.
78. Mea vulnera ] To my sorrow.
79. Census.] Great riches.
81. Male tectus adulter.] Unluckily con
cealed gallant. - Malè pactus. ] Unluckily
contracting gallant.
 SEON
FAB. XII. METAMORPHO . 277

Verus eram conjux : me, perfida, teste tenêris. eram verus conjux perfida
Illa nihil : tacito tantummodò victa pudore tenêris me teste. Illa nihil :
tantummodòvictatacito pudore
Insidiosa, malo cum conjuge, limina fugit ; fugitlimina insidiosa cum malo
Offensàque mei genus omne perosa virorum, 85 conjuge, offensâque mei perosa
Montibus errabat studiis operata Dianæ. omne genus virorum, errabat
montibus operata studiis Dia
Tùm mihi deserto violentior ignis ad ossa næ. Tùm violentior ignis per
Pervenit; orabam veniam ; et peccâsse fatebar ; venit ad ossa mihi deserto : ora
Et potuisse datis simili succumbere culpæ bain veniam ; et fatebar pec
Me quoque muneribus ; si munera tanta da. câsse, et me quoque potuisse
succumbere similiculpæ mune
rentur 90 ribusdatis ; sitanta munerada
Hoc mihi confesso, læsum priùs ulta pudorem, rentur. Hoc confesso, redditur
Redditur, et dulces concorditer a exigit annos. mihi,ulta priùs læsumpudorem
et exigit concorditer dulces an
Dat mihi prætereà, tanquàm b6 se parva dedisset nos. Prætereà dat mihi canem
Dona, canem munus : quem cùm sua traderet illi munus : tanquàm parva dona
Cynthia, Currendo superabit, dixerat, omnes. se dedisset : quem cùm sua
Cynthia traderet illi, dixit, Su
Dat simul et jaculum ; manibus quod (cernis) perabit omnes currendo. Simùl
habemus. 96
datjaculum ; quod (cernis) ha
Muneris alterius quæ sit fortuna requiris ? bemus manibus. Requiris quæ
Aceipe. Mirandi novitate movebere facti, sit fortuna alterius muneris ?
Accipe. Movebere novitate mi
Carmina Laïades non intellecta priorum randi facti. Laïades solverat
Solverat ingeniis ; et præcipitata jacebat 100 carmina non intellecta ingeniis
Immemor ambagum, vates obscura, suarum . priorum ; et vates obscurajace
Scilicet alma Themis non talia linquit inulta. rumbat præcipitata immemor sua
ambagum. Scilicet alma
Protinus Aoniis immittitur altera Thebis Themis non linquit talia inulta.
Pestis ; et exitio multi pecorumque suoque Protinus altera pestis immitti
Rurigenæ pavêre feram. Vicina juventus 105 tur Aoniis Thebis ; et multi ru
Venimus ; et latos indagine cinximus agros. rigenæ pavêre feram, exitio pe
corumque suoque. Vicina ju
Illa levi velox superabat retia saltu ; ventus venimus ; et cinximus
latos agros indagine. Illavelox
superabat retia levi saltu ;
a egimus. b si.

NOTES.

82. Perfida.] Perfidious woman, to have
violated your fidelity.
83. Illa.] Procris.
Nihil.] sc. dixit, or respondit.
84. Insidiosa. ] In which snares had been
laid for her.
Cum conjuge.] And me her husband.
85. Perosa.] Hating.
86. Operata.] Employed.
87. Violentior ignis. ] A stronger love.
92. Redditur.] Returns to me.
93. Se.] Herself.
96. Cernis.] As you see.
97. Muneris.] Of the dog Lælaps, given
by his wife Procris. - -Requiris. Do you
require?
98. Mirandi, &c.] Hear a thing worthy of
ádmiration:
99. Carmina.] Riddles -Laïades. ] Oedi
pus, the son of Laius by Jocasta.
100. Solverat.] Had interpreted the riddle
of the Sphinx.
Præcipitata. ] The Sphinx, who, for vexa
tion that Oedipus had interpreted her riddle,
threw herself headlong from a rock.
101. Ambagum.] Of her riddle.
102. Alma Themis.] Themis, who is also
called the Rhamnusian Virgin, is the goddess
of Justice. Alma is venerable, or gracious.
Talia.] The murder of Laius, and the mar
riage of Oedipus with his mother Jocasta,
given him by the Thebans to wife ; for his in
terpreting the riddle, the kingdom was given
him as a reward.
103. Altera pestis.] Another plague.
105. Rurigenæ, &c.] The husbandmen were
in dread of the wild beast, both as to their
own and their cattles lives.
106. Indagine.] The nets with which hunts
men enclose forests, and the coverts of wild
beasts, are called Indagines. So Virg. Saltus
que indagine cingunt. Indagare is to search
out, as an hand.
107. Hla.] The wild beast.
278 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VII.

que transibat summa lina posi- Summaque transibat positarum lina plagarum:
tarumplagarum. Copula detra
hitur canibus, quos sequentes Copula detrahitur canibus, quos illa sequentes
illa effugit, et ludit non seciùs Effugit, et volucri non a seciùs alite ludit. 110
volucri alite. Poscor et ipse Poscor et ipse meum consensu Lælapa magno.
meum Lælapamagnoconsensu. Muneris hoc nomen. Jamdudùm vincula pugnat
Hoc eratnomen muneris. Jam- Exuere ipse sibi, colloque morantia tendit.
dudum ipse pugnat exuere vin
cula sibi, que tendit morantia Vix benè missus erat ; nec jam poteramus ubi
collo. Vixbenè erat missus ; nec esset 114
jam poteramus seire ubi esset. Scire. Pedum calidus vestigia pulvis habebat;
Calidus pulvis habebat vestigia Non ocyor illo
pedum. Ipse erat ereptus ocu Ipse oculis ereptus erat.
lis. Non hasta ocyor illo, nec Hasta, nec excussæ contorto verbere glandes,
glandes
bere, necexcussæ
levis calamus ab Nec Gortyniaco calamus levis exit ab arcu.
exitver-
contorto
Collis apex medii subjectis imminet arvis :
Gortyniaco arcu. Apex medii
collis imminet subjectis arvis : Tollor eò, capioque novi spectacula cursùs, 120
ollor eò, capioque spectacula Quà modò deprendi, modò se subducere ab ipso
novi cursùs, quà fera visa est Vulnere, visa fera est. Nec limite callida recto,
modò deprendi, modò subduce
re se ab ipso vulnere. Nec In spatiumque fugit ; sed decipit ora sequentis :
callida fugit recto limite que in Et redit in gyrum, ne sit suus impetus hosti.
spatium ; sed decipit ora sequ- Imminet hic, sequiturque parem : similisque
entis : et redit in gyrum, ne tenenti 125
suus impetus sit hosti. Hic
imminet, que sequitur parem ; Non tenet, et vacuos exercet in aëra morsus.
similisque tenenti non tenet, Ad jaculi vertebar opem : quod dextera librat
et exercet vacuos morsus in Dum mea, dùm digitos amentis indere tento,
aëra . Vertebar ad opem jaculi : Lumina deflexi, revocataque rursus eôdem
quod dùm mea dextera librat,
dùmtentoindere digitos amen Rettuleram medio (mirum ! ) duo marmora
tis, deflexi lumina revocataque campo 130
rursus rettuleram eôdem : (mi
rum !) aspicio duo marmora
medio campo ; a segnius, baddere.

NOTES.

108. Summaque lina. ] The highest ropes ;
a metonymy of the matter, for ropes are made
of flax.- Plagarum. ] Of nets.
109. Copula. ] The bandage with which
dogs are coupled together.
110. Volucri alite.] A swift flying bird.
Non secius. No otherwise than, i. e. the
course of the beast upon the ground was as
rapid as the flight of a bird in the air.
Ludit.] Deludes, deceives.
111. Lælapa. This dog was so named
from his swiftness. Aalλay is a whirlwind.
112. Pugnat. ] Endeavours to get off.
113. Morantia. ] That hinder, that detain.
Tendit. ] Bursts.
114. Missus.] The dog was scarce let loose.
115. Habebat.] Retained.
117. Contorto verhere.] From the whirled
sling. Glandes ] Leaden bullets thrown out
of the sling.
118. Gortyniaco. ] Cretensian, from Gor
tyna, a city of Crete. The Cretans were cele
brated for themost expert archers.-- Calamus. ]
An arrow made of a reed. Metonymically.
119. Apex.] The highest top.
120. Tollor eò.] I got to that top.
121. Quà. ] Where.-Modò.] Sometimes.
Deprendi.] To be caught,
Subducere se. ] To get clear of.
122. Limite.] Course.- Callida.] Cunning.
123. In spatium.] Lengthways.
124. Gyrum.] In a circle.
Hosti.] To Lælaps.
125.. Imminet. ] Is just upon her.
126. Vacuos.] Vain, because he could not
catch the wild beast.
127. Adjaculi, &c.] I had a mind to throw
my dart.
128. Amentis.] To the thongs, with which
darts were thrown out more easily and farther,
Indere.] to fit.
129. Deflexi. ] I turned my eyes from the
dog and wild beast.
Eôdem.] To the same place.
150. Mirum.] A wonderful thing.
Duo marmora.] Two marble statues.
FAB. XIII. METAMORPHOSEON. 279

Aspicio ; fugere hoc, illud latrare putares. putares hoc fugere, illud latra
Scilicet invictos ambo certamine cursûs i re. Scilicet Deus voluit ambo
esse invictos certamine cursûs ;
Esse Deus voluit ; si quis Deus adfuit illis. si quis Deus adfuit illis.

NOTES.
135. Adfuit.] Was an assistant.

EXP. FAB. XI. & XII. The only necessary thing to be observed here is,
that there were two princes of the name of Cephalus : one the son of Mer
cury, and Herse the daughter of Cecrops ; the other the son of Deioneus,
king of Phocis, and Diomeda the daughter of Xuthus. The first was car
ried off by Aurora, with whom he lived in Syria ; where he had a son named
Python the father of Phaeton. The second married Procris, the daughter
of Erectheus, king of Athens. The latter is the one mentioned by Ovid,
who after he had parted from Aurora, returned to Procris, as will appear
in the following fable.
FAB . XIII. PROCRIS PRO FERA OCCISA.

Procris, in her turn, suspecting the virtue of Cephalus, goes to the Forest
which she supposes to be the scene of his intrigue. He, hearing a rust
ling noise in the thicket, wherein she conceals herself, imagines there is a
wild beast ; and immediately letting fly his javelin, which she had pre
sented him with, kills her.

HACTENUS : et tacuit. Jaculo quod cri Hactenus : et tacuit. Quod

men in ipso ? crimen in ipso jaculo ? Phocus
àit. Ille sîc reddidit crimina
Phocus ait. Jaculi sic crimina reddidit ille.
jaculi. Phoce, Gaudia sintprin
Gaudia principium nostri sint, Phoce, doloris. cipium nostri doloris. Referam
Illa priùs referam. Juvat ô meminisse beati illapriùs. O acida, juvat me
minisse beati temporis, quò
Temporis, acida, quò primos ritè per annos eram felix conjuge ritè per pri
Conjuge eram felix ; felix erat illa marito. 6 mosannos ; illa erat felix mari
Mutua cura duos, et amor socialis habebat. to. Mutuacura et socialis amor
habebat duos. Nec illa prefer
Nec Jovis illa meo thalamos præferret amori : ret thalamos Jovis meo amori :
Nec me quæ caperet, non si Venus ipsa veniret, nec erat ulla quæ caperet me,
Ulla erat. Equales urebant pectora flammæ. si Venis ipsa veniret. Æquales
Sole ferè radiis feriente cacumina primis, 11 flammæurebant pectora. Sole
bam irejuveniliter venatum in
Venatum in sylvas juveniliter ire solebam : sylvas, sole feriente cacumina
ferè primis radiis :

NOTES.

1. Hactenus.] sc. Cephalus had been 8. Thalamos Jovis. ] The nuptials of Ju

speaking. Quod crimen, &c.] What fault
is in the dart? For Eacus remembering what
Cephalus had said, viz. that he had been
undone by it, asks him what evil the dart had
been the cause of?
2. Reddidit. ] He lays open.
4. Illa.] The joys.- Referam.] I will relate.
5. Ritè.] Perfectly.
6. Felix.] An Anadiplosis.
7. Socialis.] From the effect, because it
renders sociable.
piter.
9. Ipsa.] Herself who is the Goddess of
Beauty.
10. Equales flammæ.] An equal love.
11. Sole, &c.] I used to go a hunting in the
woods betimes in the morning. A Periphrasis
ofthe morning.
Cacumina.] sc. Montium.
12. Juveniliter. ] After the manner of
young men.
 280 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VII

nec sinebam famulos ire me- Nec mecum famulos, nec equios, nec naribus
cum, nec equos, nee canes acres acres
naribus, nec nodosa lina sequi ,
Eram tutus jaculo. Sed cum Ire canes, nec lina sequi nodosa sinebam.
dextera erat satiata ferinæ cæ- Tutus eram jaculo. Sed cùm satiata ferinæ
dis, et Auram quæ halabat de Dextera cædis erat ; repetebam frigus, et um
repetebam frigus et umbras, 16
bras,
gelidis vallibus. Lenis Aura
petebatur mihi in medio este : Et quæ de gelidis vallabat vallibus, Auram.
expectabam Auram : illa erat Aura petebatur medio mihi lenis in æstu :
requies labori . Solebam cantare Auram expectabam : requies erat illa labori.
recordor enim) Aura, venias :
quejuves me, que gratissima Aura (recordor enim) venias, cantare solebam :
intres nostros sinus : utque fa- Meque juves, intresque sinus, gratissima, nos
cis, velis relevare æstus quibus tros :
urimur. Forsitan addiderim [æstus.
(sic mea fata trahebant me) Utque a facis, relevare velis, quibus urimur,
pluresblanditias et solitus sum Forsitan addidirim (sic me mea fata trahebant)
dicere; Tu magna voluptas Blanditias plures, et, Tu mihi magna voluptas,
mihi ; tu reficisque fovesque Dicere sim solitus : Tu me reficisque fovesque :
me tu facis ut amem sylvas,,
sola loca : que iste tuus spiri- Tu facis, ut sylvas, ut amem loca sola : meoque
tus semper captatur ab meo Spiritus iste tuus semper captatur ab ore.
cre.
Nescio quis præbuit de- Vocibus ambiguis deceptam præbuit aurem
ceptam aurem ambiguis voci
bus que putans nomen auræ Nescio quis : nomenque auræ tam sæpé vocatum
zam stpèvocatum esse Nym- Esse putans Nymphæ : Nympham mihi credit
phæ credit Nympham amari amari.
mihi. Extemplò temerarius Criminis extemplò ficti temerarius index 31
index ficti criminis adit Pro
crin que refert audita susur Procrin adit : linguâque refert audita susurra.
zâlinguà, Amor est credula 1es . Credula res amor est. Subito collapsa dolore,
Collapsa subitò dolore ut nar- Ut sibi narratur, cecidit ; longoque refecta
ratur sibi cecidit : que refecta
longo tempore, dixit se mise- Tempore, se miseram, se fati dixit iniqui : 35
ram, se iniqui fati : que questa Deque fide questa est : et crimine concita vano,
est de fide : et concita vano Quod nihil est metuit : metuit sinè corpore no
crimine, metuit quod estnihil : Et dolet infelix veluti de pellice verâ. [men :
metuit nomen sine corpore : et
infelix dolet veluti de verâ pel- Sæpè tamen dubitat : speratque miserrima falli ;
lice. Tamen sæpe dubitat : que Indicioque fidem negat : et, nisi viderit ipsa, 40
miserrima sperat falli : que
negat fidemindicio; etnon est,
a soles . b auctor.

NOTES.

13. Acres naribus.] Of a quick scent.
14. Lina.] Nets.
16. Frigus ] The cool shade .
18. Aura.] An Anaphora.
Lenis. ] Sweet, pleasant.
22. Relevare ] To alleviate the heat of the
sun beams.
24. Tu mihi.] These are flattering expres
sions that Cephalus made use of to the air.
25. Sola.] Solitary.
28. Vocibus ambiguis.] With doubtful
words, which might be applied either to the
air, or a mistress.
31. Extemplò.] On a sudden.
Ficti criminis.] A crime of which I was
notguilty.- Index.] An inconsiderate accuser,
52.] Linguâque, &c. ] And gives her prf
vate intelligence.
33. Credula.] They that are in love are
easy ofbelief.
34. Refecta.] Reviving.
55. Iniqui fati That she was doomed to
wretchedness,
56. Deque fide.] She lamented that I
broke the contract I had made with her.
Concita.] Being moved, aggravated.
57. Metuit. An Anadiplosis.
39. Speratque, &c.] She hopes the inform
er deceived her. /
40, Indicioque, &c. ] She does not give
credit to the accuser, or the accusation..
 FAB. XIII. METAMORPHOSEON. 281

Damnatura sui non est delicta mariti. damnatura delicta sui mariti,
Postera depulerant Aurora lumina noctem ; nisi ipsa viderit. Postera lu
mina Aurora depulerant noc
Egredior, sylvasque peto : victorque per herbas, tem; egredior, que peto sylvas :
Aura veni, dixi, nostroque medere labori. victorque per herbas dixi Au
Et subitò gemitus, inter mea verba, videbar 45 ra veni, que medere nostro la
Nescio quos audisse ; Veni, tamen , optima, dixi . buri. Et subitò videbar audîsse
nescio quos gemitus inter mea
Fronde levem rursus strepitum faciente caducâ, verba ; tamen dixi, Optima ve
Sum ratus esse feram, telumque volatile misi. ni. Rursus caducâ fronde fa
Procris erat ; medioque tenens in pectore vulnus, ciente levem strepitum, ratus
Heimihi ! conclamat. Voxest ubi a cognitafidæ tile sumtelum. Eratque
esse feram, misi vola
Procris ; que
Conjugis ; ad vocem præceps amensque cucurri. tenens vulnus in medio pec
1 Semianimem, et sparsas fœdantem sanguine ves- tore, conclamat, Hei mihi !
Ubi vox fidæ conjugis est cog
tes,
nita : præceps amensque cu
Et sua ( me miserum ! ) de vulnere dona trahentem curri ad vocem. Invenio semi .
Invenio. Corpusque, meo mihi carius ulnis animem, et fœdantem sparsas
Sontibus attollo, scissâque à pectore veste 55 vestes sanguine, et trahentem
sua dona Que miserum
Vulnera sæva ligo: conorque inhibere cruorem : vulnere. (me !) de,
attollo corpus
Neu me morte suâ sceleratum deserat, oro. carius mihi meo, sontibus ul
Viribus illa carens, et jam moribunda, coëgit nis, que veste scissâ à pectore,
Hæc se pauca loqui : Per nostri foedera lecti, ligo sæva vulnera : que conor
inhibere cruorem : oro, neu de
Perque Deos supplex oro, Superosque, meosque ; serat me sceleratum suà morte.
Per si quid merui de te benè; perque manentem Illa carens viribus, et jam mo
Nunc quoque cùm pereo, causam mihi mortis, ribunda coëgit se loqui hæc
amorem ; 62 pauca : Supplex oro per fœde
ra nostri lecti, per Deos Super
Nè thalamis Auram patiare innubere nostris. osque, meosque, per si merui
Dixit : et errorem tum denique nominis esse quid benè de te, perque amo
Et sensi, et docui. Sed quid docuisse juvábat ? rem causam mortis mihi, ma
nentem nunc quoque cùm pe
Labitur ; et parvæ fugiunt cum sanguine vires ; reo; ne patiare Auram innube
Dùmque aliquid spectare potest, me spectat ; et re nostris thalamis. Dixit : et
in me 67 denique et sensi et docui esse
Infelicem animam nostroque exhalat in ore. errorem nominis. Sed quid ju
vabat docuisse ? Labitur, et
Sed vultu meliore mori, secura, videtur. parvæ vires fugiunt cum san
guine : dumque potest spectare
aliquid, spec tat me ; et exhalat infelicem animam in me, que in nostro ore. Sed secura vi
detur mori meliore vultu, a prodita,

NOTES.

42. Posteralumina.] The morning's dawn. Coëgit, &c.] She forced herself to speak
43. Sylvasque peto.] And I go into the these few words, being ready to expire.
woods. 61. Per.] I entreat you by my desert, if I
44. Medere.] Relieve my toils. have done any thing that is acceptable to
45. Gemitus.] Sighs. you. 1
Inter. ] In the time of speaking. Manentem.] The love I have yet for you.
47. Caducâ fronde.] The falling leaves. 63. Innubere ] To succeed in wedlock to
48. Telumque volatile. ] A swift dart. my bed. Procris thinks Aura (the air) to be
49. Tenens ] Having. a nymph.
53. Me miserum.] Wretch that I was to 65. Sensi ] I understood.
behold it ! -- Dona.] The dart she had given 66. Labitur.] She dies.
me as a present. 68. Exhalat.] She breathes out.
Trahentern.] Endeavouring to draw out. In ore.] Into my mouth, according to the
55. Sontibus ulnis. ] In my guilty arms. custom ofthe ancients.
58. Moribunda . ] Dying, 69. Vultu meliore, &c ] Satisfied now, that
O
282 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VII.

Heros lacrymans, memorabat Flentibus hæc lacrymans heros memorabat ; et

hæc flentibus et eccè acus
ecce
ingreditur cum duplice prole,
novoque milite ; quem Cepha- acus ingreditur duplici cum prole novoque
lus accipit cum fortibus armis. Milite ; quem Cephalus cum fortibus accipit
armis. 72

NOTES.

she had no rival, her countenance seems to 71. Cum prole. ] With his two sons, Tela
brighten even in death. mon and Peleus, who had collected the best
70. Flentibus.] Phocus, and the sons of ofthe troops.
Fallas. Heros.] Cephalus.

EXP. FAB. XIII. Cephalus, the son of Deïoneus, king of Phocis, way
a most accomplished Prince, but had a great passion for hunting, which in
duced him to rise so early, that it was said, he was in love with Aurora.
This report was much countenanced by his wife Procris, in order to lessen
the criminality of her own conduct ; which coming to the knowledge of her
prince, he forsook the fields, and returned to Thoricus, where his queen re
sided, who, when she heard of this, retired to the court of Minos the Se
cond, where that prince fell in love with her ; on this his wife Pasiphaë, to
be revenged of his infidelity, intrigued with Taurus, one of the captains of
his court, who afterwards became remarkable in history. This intrigue the
Greeks, in resentment to Minos, represented much to the dishonour, both
of the queen and himself.
Pasiphae's revenge not being yet sufficiently satisfied, she endeavoured to
destroy her rival Procris, by poisoning her bed, which coming to her know
ledge, she returned to Thoricus, when Cephalus took her again into favour ;
on which she presented him with the famous dog Lælaps, and the myste
rious dart, so much celebrated by the poets.
Just at this time, a monstrous fox was sent by Themis, to ravage the
Theban territories, whose inhabitants obliged themselves to give him one of
their children each month, to prevent a greater destruction of them. Am
phitryon, who was to be married to Alcmena, as soon as he avenged him
self of the Teleboës, who had killed her brothers, went for this purpose to
Thebes, to request the assistance of Creon, which he could not procure upon
any other condition, than his promising to free his country from the Fox.
This he agreed to, and for the better accomplishing it went to Athens, where
Cephalus then resided, to engage him with his dog and dart, to which Ce
phalus readily consented, and set off for Thebes, where his dog Lælaps pur
sued the Fox so closely that he had taken him, but that Jupiter at the ir
stant turned them both into stones. After this chace Amphitryon made
war on the Teleboës, whom he conquered, giving to Cephalus the island
of Cephalenia, situated in the Ionian sea, over against Acarnania. It was
in this war, that Cometo, being charmed with the beauty of Cephalus, cut
the fatal lock, upon which the life and kingdom of her father Pterelas de
pended ; that is, she formed a conspiracy against him. Amphitryon, with
her assistance, made himself master of Taphos ; and Cephalus, who was re
conciled to his wife, shewed the unnatural Cometo so much contempt, that
she threw herself from the promontory of Leucas .
Notwithstanding the reconciliation between Cephalus and Procris, yet, as
he killed her in hunting, he was so much suspected of having some remains of
 FAB. 1, METAMORPHOSEON. 283

resentment, that the Areopagus, which gave judgment in the affair, con
demned him to perpetual banishment. He was succeeded by his son Ce
leus, who reigned in the island of Cephalenia. Celeus was the father of
Arcesius, the grandfather of Ulysses, who led the Cephalenians and Ith
acensians to Troy. Oeneus, the second son of Cephalus, reigned in Phocis
on the death of his grandfather Deïoneus. Cephalus reigned in the time
of Minos the Second, about an hundred years before the Trojan war.
Ulysses lived about three generations after Minos, each generation is sup
posed to take in an hundred years, in which time the following remarkable
persons appeared, Cephalus, Celeus, Arcesius, Laertes, and Ulysses.
Lælaps, Cephalus's dog, who has made so great a figure in fabulous his
tory, is said to have been formed by Vulcan, who made him a present to
Jupiter, who gave him to Europa ; and Procris, who had him from Minos,
to Cephalus. It is conjectured that Procris was sent from Crete to Athens
under the care of an intriguing captain, who settled there, and joined Ce
phalus to hunt the Fox, a sea-rover, and their vessels being shipwrecked
near some rock, it was fabled they were ( the Dog and Fox ) turned into
stone.

P. OVIDII NASONIS

SEON
METAMORPHO ,

LIBER VIII.

FAR. I. SCYLLA, NISI FILIA, IN AVEM CIRIN ; ET NISUS, PATER EJUS,

IN AVEM HALIETUM .

THE ARGUMENT,

Minos begins the war ( undertaken to avenge himself of the Athenians, for
the murder of his son ) with the Siege of Megara, belonging to King
Nisus their ally. The preservation of this city depends on a Lock of the
King's hair. His daughter Seylla, falling in love with Minos, cuts off the
fatal lock, and carries it to him. On this he makes himselfmaster of the
place, and departs with the utmost detestation ofthe princess and her
crime. She in despair throws herself into the sea, and pursues the fleet.
Nisus, being transformed into an osprey, immediately attacks her in re
venge, and she is changed into a lark.
284 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIII.

Jam Lucifero retegente ni- JAM nitidum retegente diem, noctisque fugante
tidum diem, que fugante tem❤
pora noctis, Eurus cadit et hu Tempora Lucifero, cadit Eurus, et humida
mida nubila surgunt. Placidi surgunt
Austri dant cursum Eacidis Nubila. Dant placidi cursum redeuntibus Austri
redeuntibus . Cephaloque qui- acidis Cephaloque : quibus feliciter acti,
bus acti feliciter, tenuêre peti 5
tos portusante expectatum . In. Ante expectatum portus tenuêre petitos.
terea Minos vastat Lelegeia Intereà Minos Lelegeïa littora vastat ;
littora : que prætentat vires Prætentatque sui vires Mavortis in urbe [tro
sui Mavortis in urbe Alcathoë , Alcathoë , quam Nisus habet : cui splendidus os
quam Nisus habet : cui crinis
splendidus ostro inhærebat in- Inter honoratos medio de vertice canos
ter honoratos canos de medie Crinis inhærebat, magni fiducia regni. 10
vertice, fiducia magni regni.
Sexta cornua orientis Phoebes Sexta resurgebant orientis cornua Phœbes :
resurgebant : et fortuna belli Et pendebat adhuc belli fortuna : diuque
adhuc pendebat, que Victoria Inter utrumque volat dubiis Victoria pennis.
volat diu inter utrumque du Regia turris erat vocalibus addita muris,
biispennis. Regiaturris eratad- In quibus auratam proles Latonia fertur 15
dita vocalibus muris, in quibus
Latonia proles fertur deposu Deposuisse lyram : saxo sonus ejus inhæsit.
isse auratam lyram: sonus ejus Sæpè illuc solita est ascendere filia Nisi ;
inhæsit saxo, Filia Nisi est so- Et petere exiguo resonantia saxa lapillo ;
lita ascendere illuc sæpe ; et Tunc cùm pax esset. Bellum quoque sæpè solebat
petere resonantia saxa exiguo
lapillo : tunc cùm pax esset. Spectare, aeque illa rigidi certamina Martis. 20
Quoque solebat sæpè bellum Jamque morâ belli procerum quoque nomina
spectare, que è illâ certamina nôrat, [pharetras.
rigidi Martis. Jamque morâ
belli quoque norat nomina pro- Armaque, equosque habitusque, Cydoniasque
rerum, armaque, equosque, ha- Noverat ante alios faciem ducis Europæi ;
bitusque, Cydoniasquepharetras. Noverat faciem ducis. Europæi ante alios, a Spectare, ex, &c.

NOTES.

1. Jam.] The poet describes the return of
Cephalus to Athens, after having received the
auxiliary forces from Eacus.
Retegente ] Opening, showing.
+ 2. Lucifero.] The morning star.
3. Cursum.] A quick voyage.
Austri ] The maps will shew the necessity
of the south wind.
4. Eacidis.] To the soldiers who were
listed by the sons of Eacus in the isle of
Egina.
5. Ante expectatum.] Before they were ex
--- -Portus.] The ports of Athens,
pected,--
where they desire to come.
6. Lelegeia.] Megarensian. Megara was
built by Lelex, and repaired by Alcathoë,
hence it was called by that name.
7. Prætentaque, &c. ] Minos tries his
strength against Alcathoë before he attacked
Athens, Mavortis.] Of his arms.
8. Habet.] Possesses.-Ostro. ] With purple.
10. Fiducia regni. ] For on that lock de
pended the fate of his kingdom,
11. Sexta, &c.] In the sixth month ofthe
siege, &c.
12. Pendebat. Was in suspense, doubtful,
and uncertain.
a
13. Inter utrumque.] Minos and Nisus.
Dubiis pennis.] The event of war is always
doubtful, therefore the poet supposes victory
to have wings, because it seems sometimes to
fly here, and sometimes there.
14. Regia, & ] A description of the tow
er, whose walls were made vocal.
Vocalibus. Tuneful, for the reason given
in the next line.
15. Proles Latonia.] The sons of Latona,
the god ofmusic.
18. Petere.] To strike.
21. Morâ.] By long continuance.
Procerum. ] Of the captains.
22. Cydonias.] Cretensian. Cydon is a city
of Crete.
23. Ducis Europæi .] Minos was the son
of Jupiter and Europa,
 FAB. 1.1 METAMORPHOSEΩN . 285

Plus etiam quàm nôsse sat est. Hac judice Minos, etiam plus quàm nosse sat est.
Seu caput abdiderat cristatâ casside pennis, 25 Minoshâcjudice, seu abdiderat
caputcassidecristatâpennis,er- -
In galeâ formosus erat ; seu sumpserat ære at formosusingaleâ : seusump
Fulgentem clypeum, clypeum sumpsisse decebat ; serat clypeum fulgentem ære,
Torserat adductis hastilia lenta lacertis, decebat sumpsisse clypeum,
torserat lenta hastilia lacertis
Laudabat virgojunctam cum viribus artem ;
adductis, virgo laudabat artem
Imposito patulos calamo sinuaverat arcus, 30 junctam cum viribus. Sinuave
Sic Phoebum sumptis jurabat stare sagittis, rat patulos arcus calamo impo
Cùm verò faciem dempto nudaverat ære, sito, jurabat Phœbum stare sic
sagittis sumptis, Cùm verò nu
Purpureusque albi stratis insignia pictis daverat faciem ære dempto,
Terga premebat equi, spumantiaque ora regebat : purpureusque premebat terga
Vix sua, vix sanæ virgo Niseïa compos 35 albi equi insignia pictis stratis,
Mentis erat. Felix jaculum quod tangeret ille, que regebat spumantia ora :
Quæque manu premeret felicia fræna vocabat. compos Niseia virgo vix erat sua, vix
sanæ mentis. Vocabat
Impetus est illi (liceat modò) ferre per agmen jaculum felix quod ille tangeret,
Virgineos hostile gradus : est impetus illi que fræna felicia quæ preme
Turribus è summis in Gnossia mittere corpus ret manu. Impetus est illi (mo
dòliceat)ferre virgineos gradus,
Castra ; vel æratas hosti recludere portas, 41 per hostile agmen : impetus est
Vel si quid Minos aliud velit. Utque şedebat illi mittere corpus è summis
Candida Dictæi spectans tentoria regis, turribus in Gnossia castra ; vel
recludere æratas portas hosti ;
Læter, ait, doleamne geri lacrymabile bellum, vel si Minos velit quid aliud.
In dubio est. Dolea, quòd Minos hostis amanti Ut que sedebat spectans candi
est ? [esset ? datentoria Dictai regis, ait, Est
Şed, nisi bella forent, numquid mihi cognitus in dubio ; læterdoleamne lacry
mabile bellum geri. Doleoquod
Me tamen acceptâ poterat deponere bellum 4 . Minos est hostis amanti? Sed
nisi bella forent, numquid esset cognitus mihi ? Tamen poterat deponere bellum me accepta.

NOTES.

1 24. Sat est.] She wishes to do more than
know him.
25. Abdiderat.] Had hid, had covered.
Cristatâ.] An helmet adorned with crests.
28. Torserat.] Had shot.
Adductis.] Drawn, brandished.
Lenta.] Tough, bending.
30. Patulos.] Opening into a circle, cir
cling.-Calamo.] With an arrow.- Sinuave
rat] Had bended, had drawn together,
52. Ere.] His helmet of brass.
33. Purpureusque.] Being clothed in pur
ple.
Stratis pictis.] With an embroidered co
vering .
34. Premebat.] He rode.
Regebat.] He held in .
35. Vix sua.] She could scarce command
herself. —— -Niseia.] Scylla, the daughter of
Nisus.
38. Modò liceat.] If she could.
Ferre.] To go.
40. Gnossia. ] Cretensian. Gnossus, or
Cnossus, is a city of Crete.
41. Eratas.] Fortified and overlaid with
brass and iron.—Recludert.] To open.
43. Dictæi.] Of Crete. For Dicte is a
mountain of Crete.
44. Læter, ait, &c ] From this to (poten
tem) V. 80, you have a soliloquy of Scylla's ;
in which is elegantly described a conflict of
passions in her breast : filial duty bids her
lay aside all thoughts of Minos, and to ad
here to the interest of her father and her
country; her passion for Minos, on the other
hand, prompts her to betray father, coun
try, and all, to the indulgence of her love.
It has been already observed, that our au
thor scruples not to sacrifice virtue to crimi
nal passions.
45. In dubio.] sc. mihi. For Scylla is in
doubt whether she should rejoice or grieve,
that war was made against her father.
Amanti. ] scil. mihi.
46. Sed nisi, &c.] I should rather rejoice
than be sorry ; for if there had not been a
war, I should not have known Minos.
47. Deponere. ] To put an end to, to dis
miss
 286 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIII.

obside : haberet me comitem, Obside , me comitem, me pacis pignus haberet,

mepignus pacis. Pulcherrime Si quæ te peperit talis, pulcherrime a rerum,
rerum, si quæ peperit te, fuit
talis qualis esipse ;Deusmeritò Qualis es ipse, fuit ; meritò Deus arsit in illâ. 50
arsit in illà. O ego ter felix ! O ego ter felix ! si pennis lapsa per auras
si lapsa per auras pennis, pos- Gnossiaci possem castris insistere regis ; [rem,
şem insistere castris Gnossiaci Fassaque me, flammasque meas , qua dote, roga
regis ; fassaque me, que meas
flammas, rogarem quâ dote vel- Vellet emi ! Tantùm patrias ne posceret arces.
let emi ! Tantùm ne posceret Nam pereant potiùs sperata cubilia, quam sim
patrias arces. Nam potiùs spe- Proditione potens. Quamvis sæpè utile vinci
rata cubilia pareant, quàm sim Victoris placidi fecit clementia multis. 57
potensproditione. Quamvis sæ .
pè clementia placidi victoris Justa gerit certè pro nato bella perempto :
fecit utile multis vinci. Certè In causaque valet, causamque tuentibus armis,
gerit bella justa pro nato pe- Ut puto vincemur. Qui si manet exitus urbem ;
rempto que valet in causâ,
que armistuentibuscausam. Ut Cur suus hæc illi reserabit moenia Mavors, 61
puto vincemur. Qui si exitus Et non noster amor ? Melias sinè cæde, morâque,
maneturbem ; cur suus Mavors Impensâque sui poterit superare cruoris.
reserabit hæc mœnia illi, et non Quam metuo certè ne quis tua pectora, Minos,
noster amor? Poterit superare
meliùs sinè cæde morâque, im- Vulneret imprudens ! Quis enim tam durus ut
pensâque suì cruoris. Certè in te 65
quàm metuo, Minos, ne quis Dirigere immitem, nisi nescius, audeat hastam ?
imprudens vulneret tua pecto- Coepta placent ; et stat sententia tradere mecum
ra! quis enim tam durus, ut
audeat dirigere, nisi nescius, Dotalem patriam ; finemque imponere bello.
immitem hastam in te ? Coepta Verùm velle parum est. Aditus custodia servat ;
placent, et sententia stat tra-
1 Claustraque portarum genitor tenet. Hunc ego
dere patriam dotalem mecum ;
que imponere finem bello. Ve solum 70
rumparum est velle. Custodia Infelix timeo : solus mea vota moratur.
servat aditus ; que genitor tenet claustra portarum. Ego infelix timeo hunc solum ; solus
moratur mea vota. a regum.

NOTES.

48. Obside.] They are called hostages, who,
in making a truce, are committed to the
power of another, as a security for the keep
ing of it.
49. Quæte peperit.] scil. Europa.
50. Deus, &c.] Jupiter loved her.
51. Felix.] Blessed.
52. Gnossiaci regis ] Of Minos, King of
Crete.
53. Fassaque, &c. ] And having acknow
ledged myself to be the daughter of King
Nisus, and my love for him, tell him I am
desirous of knowing what dower would en
gage him to be mine.
54. Vellet emi.] Alluding to a form ofmar
ringe amongst the Romans, called coëmptio,
consult Kennett's or Adam's Antiquities.
Tantùm.] I would only wish that he would
not ask my father's kingdom for a dower.
55. Sperata cubilia. ] The hoped for em
braces.
56. Potens. scil. voti, Mistress of my wish,
Proditione.] By treason, betraying my fa
ther, & c.
58. Nato ] Androgeos.
59. Causâ valet.] And he acts in a more
just cause.
61. Illi.] To Minos. Reserabit.] Shall open.
Mavors.] His arms. Mars is put for war.
A metonymy ofthe efficient.
63. Impensâ cruoris.] By the shedding of
his blood.
65. Imprudens.] Knowingly, or by design
(prudens ) not knowing, or by accident, im
prudens.
66. Immitem.] Cruel.
67. Cœpta.] sc. This undertaking ;
Sententia stat.] I am determined, my reso
lution is bent.
68. Dotalem.] By way of dower.
69. Aditus ] The entrance of the gates,
Custodia.] The guard.
70. Claustra ] The keys ofthe gates,
71. Vota ] My earnest desire,
Moratur.] Hinders.
FAB. I. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 287

Di facerent sinè patre forem ! Sibi quisque pro Di facerent forem sinè patre !
fectò Quisque profectofit Deus sibi :
Fortuna repugnat ignavis pre
Fit Deus: ignavis precibus Fortuna repugnat. cibus. Altera succensa tanto
Altera jamdudum, succensa Cupidine tanto. Cupidine,jamdudum gauderet
Perdere a gauderet quodcunque obstaret amori . perdere quodcunque obstaret
amori. Et cur illa foret for
Et cur ulla foret me fortior ? Ire per ignes, 76
tior me? Et ausim ire per ig
Et gladios ausim, nec in hộc tamen ignibus ullis, nes et gladios, tamen in hoc
Aut gladiis opus est : opus est mihi crine paterno ; nec est opus ullis ignibus aut
Ille mihi est auro pretiosior. Illa beatam gladiis; opus est mihi paterno
Purpura me, votique mei factura potentem. 80 crine ; ille est pretiosior auro
mihi. Illa purpurafactura me
Talia dicenti, curarum maxima nutrix beatam, que potentem mei votis
Nox intervenit ; tenebrisque audacia crevit. Dicenti talia nox, maxima nu
Prima quies aderat ; quâ curis fessa diurnis trix curarum, intervenit, que
audacia crevit tenebris. Prima
Pectora somnus habet. Thalamos taciturna
quies aderat ; quâsomnushabet
paternos 84 pectora fessa diurniscuris. Ta
Intrat et (heu facinus ! ) fatali nata parentem citurna intrat paternos thala
et (heu facinus) nata
Crine suum spoliat : prædâque potita nefandâ mos
b spoliat suum parentem fatali
(Fert secum spolium sceleris progressaque crine, que potita nefandâ præ
portâ) da, (fert spolium sceleris se
Per medios hostes (meritis fiducia tanta est ) cum ; que progressa porta) per
venit ad regem per medios hos
Pervenit ad regem ; quem sic affata paventem : tes (fiducia meritis est tanta)
Suasit amor facinus : proles ego regia Nisi, 90 quem paventem sic affata :
Scylla, tibi trado patriosque meosque penates. Amor suasit facinus, ego Scylla
Præmia nulla peto, nisi te. Cape pignus amoris, regia proles Nisi, trado tibi pa
tríosque meosque penates. Peto
Purpureum crinem . Nec me tunc tradere nulla præmia nisi te . Capepur
crinem , [trâ pureum crinem, pignus amoris,
Sedpatrium tibi crede caput. Scelerataquedex crinem,Nec crede me nunc tradere
sed caput patrium.
Munera porrexit. Minos porrecta refugit. 95 Que porrexit scelerata mune
Turbatusque novi respondit imagine facti : ra dextrâ. Minos refugit por
Dî te summoveant, O nostri infamia sæcli, recta. Turbatusque imagine
novi facti, respondit, Di sum
a prodere. b celeris, moveant te, O infamia nostri sæcli.

NOTES.

72. Quisque sibi fit Deus.] Every one may
be a god to himself; i. e. may do for him
self what he asks the gods to do for him :
she had impiously wished of the gods that
she had been fatherless ; and as impiously
corrects that wish : " it is idle," says she, "to
ask of the gods what we can do for our
selves ;" as much as to say, Why should I
apply to the gods to take away my father,
when it is in my own power to remove him :
and for this reason she calls prayers in the
next line (ignava idle, inactive.
73. Ignavis. ] Óf slothful persons.
74. Altera.] Any other woman,
Succensa.] Inflamed.
Cupidine.] With so great a love.
75. Perdere.] To take out of the way.
76. Foret.] Should be.
78. Crine.] See verse 9.
80. Purpura.] The purple lock.
85. Fatali.] In which the fate of the city
was contained.
87. Spolium. ] The purple hair, of which
she had robbed her father.
Progressaque.] And going out.
88. Meritis.] Of the service she had done
to Minos.
89. Ad regem.] Minos.- Paventem . ] Be
ing amazed at the novelty of the thing.
94. Patrium caput.] Her Father's life ; for
the health of Nisus depended upon that hair.
Scelerataque, &c.] Ovid speaks here.
救 95. Minos .] Minos is reported to have been
so just, that the gods made him judge of the
regions below.Porrecta.] scil. munera, her
very enemy started at the sight.
96. Imagine.] With the thoughts.
Facti novi. ] Of the unusual wickedness.
97. Summoveant.] May they destrog, root
thee out.
288 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIII.

suo orbe, tellusque pontusque Orbe suo ; tellusque tibi, pontusque negentur.
negentur tibi. Certè ego non Certè ego non patiar Jovis incunabula Creten,
patiar tantum monstrum con
tingere Creten incunabula Jo- Quæ meus est orbis, tantum contingere mon
vis, quæ est meus orbis. Dixit : strum . 100
et utjustissimus auctor impo- Dixit : et, ut leges captis justissimus auctor
suit leges captis hostibus, jussit Hostibus imposuit, classis retinacula solvi
retinacula classis solvi, et æra
tas puppes impleri remige. Jussit, et æratas impleri remige puppes.
Scylla postquam vidit carinas Scylla, freto postquàm deductas nare carinas,
deductas freto nare, nec ducem Nec præstare ducem sceleris sibi præmia vidit,
præstare præmia sceleris sibi,
transit in violentam iram con- Consumptis precibus violentam transit in iram;
sumptis precibus, que furibun- Intendens que manus, passis furibunda capillis,
da passis capillis intendensma- Quò fugis, exclamat, meritorum auctore relictâ ?
nus, exclamat. Quò fugis, auc- O patriæ prælate meæ, prælate parenti ! 109
toremeritorum relicta ? O pr . Quò fugis, immitis ? Cujus victoria nostrum
late meæ patriæ, prælate pa
renti, quò fugis immitis ? Vic- Et scelus, et meritum est. Nec te data mune
toria cujus est nostrum scelus ra, nec te [num
et meritum. Nec data munera
moverunt te, nec noster amor Nost er movit amor ; nec quòd spes omnis in u
movit te : nee quod omnis mea Te mea congesta est? Nam quò deserta revertar ?
spes est congesta in te unum? In patriam ? superata jacet. Sed finge manere :
Nam deserta quò revertar ? in Proditione mea clausa est mihi. Patris ad ora ?
patriam ? jacet superata. Sed Quæ tibi donavi . Cives odêre merentem, 116
finge manere : est clausa mihi
meå proditione . Ad ora patris? Finitimi exemplum metuunt . a Obstruximus
quæ donavi tibi. Cives odêre orbem
merentem, finitimi metuuntex- Terrarum nobis ut Crete sola pateret. (quis ?
emplum. Obstruximus orbem Hâc b quoque sicprohibes? sic nos ingraterelin
terrarum, ut Crete sola pateret
nobis. Sic quoque prohibes Non genitrix Europa tibi, sed inhospita Syrtis,
hác? Sic ingrate relinquis Armeniæve tigres, Austrove agitata Charybdis.
nos? Europa non est genitrix
tibi, sed inhospita Syrtis, Ar a exponimur orbæ ;
meniæve tigres, ve Charybdis Terrarum nobis, ut, &c.
agitata Austro. Hâc quoque si prohibes, si nos, ingrate, relinquis.

NOTES.

98. Orbe.] The poet is supposed to allude ing my father.Meritum.] My merit in

here to the punishment of Parricides ; who making thee a conqueror.
were sewed up in a hide with an ape, a 113. Congesta.] Is placed.
cock, and a snake, and cast into the sea, Deserta.] Being forsaken by thee.
or a river, that they might neither see the 114. In patriam. ] scil. revertar?
heavens, nor have rest on land, or in the Finge.] Suppose.
water. 115. Patris ad ora?] Can I return to my
99. Creten.] Where Jupiter was brought father, whose life and fortune I have made a
up and educated. present of to you ?
100. Meus orbis. ] My kingdom . 116. Cives, &c.] My city deservedly hates
101. Leges. ] It is supposed here, that the me.
city is taken immediately upon the delivery 117. Finitimi, &c.] The neighbours fear,
of the lock to Minos. lest, by my example, their daughters should
104. Deductas.] Drawn from the land into betray their parents.
the sea. 118. Ut Crete, &c.] That I might be able
105. Ducem. ] Minos. only to go to Crete. -Sola.] scil terra.
107. Passis.] Scattered, hanging loose. Austrove.a.]] AInhospit
120. Inhospit
121. speciesable. windsfor
ofthe
108. Auctore. ] scil. me, for auctor is here
of the feminine gender. the whole genus of them.
111. Scelus.] My crime is that of betray Agitata.] Moved, vexed,
FAB, 12 METAMORPHOSEΩN . 289
1
Nec Jove tu natus : nec mater imagine tauri Nec tu natus Jove : nec tua
Ducta tua est. Generis falsa est ea fabula vestri. mater est ducta imagine tauri
Ea fabula vestri generis est.
Et ferus, et captus nullius amore juvencæ, 124 falsa. Et qui progenuit te fuit
Qui te progenuit, taurus fuit. Exige pœnas, ferus taurus, et captus amore
Nise pater. Gaudete, malis modò prodita nostris nulliuspœnas juvence . Pater Nise,
exige . Moenia modò
Moenia : nam, fateor, merui ; et sum digna perire : prodita nostris malis, gaudete,
Sed tamen ex illis aliquis, quos impia læsi, nam, fateor, merui ; et sum
Me perimat. Cur, qui vicisti crimine nostro, digna perire ; sed tamen ali
Insequeris crimen ? Scelus hoc patriæque pa . quis ex illis quos impia læsi.
me perimat. Cur, qui vicisti
130 nostro
trique ; crimine, insequeris cri
Officium tibi sit.. Te verè conjuge digna est, men? Hoc scelus patriæque
Quæ torvum ligno decepit adultera taurum : patrique ; sit officium tibi.
Adultera quæ taurum
Dissortemque utero foetum tulit. Ecquid ad torvum
ligno est verè digna te
aures conjuge ; que tulit dissortem
Perveniunt mea dicta tuas ? An inania venti fœtum utero. Ecquid mea
Verba ferunt ; îdemque tuas, ingrate, carinas ? dicta perveniunt ad tuas aures?
An ingrate, venti ferunt ina
Jam jam Pasiphaën non est mirabile taurum nia verba, îdemque tuas cari
Præposuisse tibi : tu plus feritatis habebas. 137 nas ? Jam jam non est mira
Me miseram ! Properare juvat : divulsaque remis bile, Pasiphaën præposuisse
Undasonat. Mecumquesimùl mea terrarecedit. taurum tibi : tu habebas plus
feritatis. Me miseram ! juvat
Nil agis, ò frustra meritorum oblite meorum ! properare : unda sonat divulsa
Insequar invitum : puppimque amplexa recur- remis. Que mea terra simùl
: O oblite me
vam [undas recedit mecum
orum meritorum, agis nihil !
Per freta longa trahar ! Vix dixerat : insilit Insequar invitum : que am
[Consequiturque rates, faciente cupidine vires.] plexa recurvam puppim, trahar
Gnossiacæque hæret comes invidiosa carinæ, per longa freta ! Vix dixerat :
Quam pater ut vidit (nam jam pendebat in ratem insilit undas [ que consequitur
cupidine faciente vires]
auras, 145 que hæret invidiosa comes
Et modò factus erat fulvis Haliaeetus alis) Gnossiaca carinæ, Quam ut.
Ibat, ut hærentem rostro laceraret adunco. pater vidit (nam jam pendebat
in auras, et modò erat factus
Illa metu puppim dimittit, et aura cadentem Haliæetus fulvis alis) ibat, ut
Sustinuisse levis, ne tangeret æquora, visa est. laceraret hærentem adunco
rostro. Illa dimittit puppim
metu, et levis aura est visa sustinuisse cadentem, ne tangeret æquora.

NOTES.

125. Exige poenas. ] Take vengeance on me.
127. Monia. ] The vocative case.
130. Insequeriscrimen. ] Revengemycrime.
131. Officium. ] A good turn.
Te verè.] Pasiphae, the wife of Minos,
falling in love with a bull, was enclosed in a
cow of wood, and thus, by the help of Dæ
dalus, gratified her unnatural passion, the
'fruit of which was the Minotaur, partly re
sembling Minos and partly the Bull.
Conjuge, &c.] Pasiphaë was a proper wife
for you.
132, Torvum,] Terrible. - Ligno. ] In the
form ofa cow made ofwood.
133. Dissortem.] Of two sorts, half man
and half bull, the Minotaur,
Ecquid, &c. ] Or do you not hear my
words ?
# 138. Juvat.] It delights thee to make haste.
Divulsaque.] Being separated.
139. Terra recedit ] For the land seems to
go back as the ship departs from it.
140. Nil agis. ] It shall avail you nothing
to set sail, for I will pursue and overtake
you.
142. Insilit undas.] She leaps into the wa
ters. Insilit is joined with undas in the ac
cusative case.
144. Gnossiacæque. ] Cretensian.
Invidiosa.] Unwelcome.
149. Haliæetus. ] A sort of eagle noted for
a sharp sight.

PP
290 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIII.

Pluma fuit : plumis mutata in Pluma fuit : plumis in avem mutata vocatur
avem vocatur Ciris, et adepta Ciris, et à tonso est hoc nomen adepta capillo.
est nomen à tonso capillo.

NOTES.

150. Pluma.] A bird.

151. Ciris.] Kelge , in Greek, signifies to cut off the hair.

EXP. FAB. 1. In the argument to this fable, and the historical narrative
added to the preceding, we have so fully related what regards Minos, the
success of his arms against king Nisus, and the treachery of his daughter,
as to render it unnecessary to take any further notice of them here. The
reality of the adventure must have been, that Scylla held a correspondence
with Minos during the siege, and acquainted him with the resolution of
her father's councils ; and in the end let him into the town, having stolen
the keys of the gates from her father while asleep. This is what Ovid had
in memory when he speaks of the lock Nisus had on his head. The meta
morphosis of the princess into a lark, and her father into a particular sort
of eagle, he was led into from the resemblance their names had to each,
one in the Greek, and the other in the Hebrew language.

FAB. II. ARIADNE IN CORONAM.

Minos, in prosecuting the war, overcomes the Athenians, and imposes on

them a tribute of a number of youths and virgins, of their best families,
to be exposed to the Minotaur. The lot falls on Theseus, who, by the
assistance of Ariadne, kills that monster, disengages himself from Dæ
dalus's Labyrinth, and carries her off to the island of Naxus, where he
leaves her. There Bacchus pays his addresses to her ; and , to immorta
lize her name, transforms the crown he had given her into a constellation.
Minos solvit vota Jovi, cen- VOTAJovi Minos taurorum corpora centum
tum corpora taurorum, ut
Solvit, ut egressus ratibus Curetida ter
egressus ratibus contigit Cure
tida terram : et regia est deco ram
rata spoliis fixis. Opprobrium Contigit ; et spoliis decorata est regia fixis.
generis creverat, fœdumque a- Creverat opprobrium generis, fœdumque patebat
dulterium matris patebat novi- Matris adulterium monstri novitate biformis. 5
tate biformis monstri. Minos
destinat removere thalamis Destinat hunc Minos thalamis removere pudo
hunc pudorem, que includere rem ,
multiplici domo cæcisque
tis. Dædalus celeberrimus in tec- Multiplicique domo, cæcisque includere tectis.
genio fabræ artis ponit opus ; Daedalus, ingenio fabræ celeberrimus artis,
turbatque notas, et Ponit opus ; turbatque notas, et lumina flexum

NOTES.

1. Centum corpora. ] An hecatomb, which 7. Multiplicique domo.] In the labyrinth.

was a sacrifice of an hundred oxen.
2. Curetida.] Crete anciently inhabited by
the Curetes, who brought up Jupiter.
4. Opprobrium.] The disgrace, the Mino
taur. See Note 131. Fab. I.
5. Matris.] Of Pasiphaë- Monstri.] Of
the Minotaur, half man and half bull,
Cœcisque tectis ] In hidden chambers.
8. Dædalus.] An Athenian by descent. He
was so excellent an artificer, that he made
statues, which seemed to look, walk, and
breathe.
9. Ponit.] He builds.- Notas.] Signs, by
which the places might easily be distinguished,
FAB. II. METAMORPHOSEON. 291

Ducit in errorem variarum ambage viarum. 10 ducitlumina in flexum errorem

Non secus ac liquidus Phrygiis Mæandros in arvis ambage variarum viarum. Non
secùsac Mæandros liquidus lu
Ludit, et ambiguo lapsu refluitque fluitque ; dit in arvis, refluitque, fluitque
Occurrensque sibi venturas aspicit undas, ambiguo lapsu ; occurrensque
Et nunc ad fontes, nunc ad mare versus apertum, sibi, aspicit venturas undas et
Incertas exercet aquas. Ità Dædalus implet 15 exercet incertas aquas nunc ad
fontes, nunc ad versus apertum
Innumeras errore vias, vixque ipse reverti mare. Ita Dædalus implet in
Ad limen potuit. Tanta est fallacia tecti. numeras vias errore, que ipse
Quo postquam tauri geminam juvenisque figuram vix potuit reverti ad limen.
Clausit ; et Actæo bis pastum sanguine monstrum Tanta est fallacia tecti. Que
Tertia sors annis domuit repetita novenis ; 20 postquam clausit geminam fi
guram tauri, que juvenis : et
Utque ope virgineâ, nullis iterata priorum, tertia sors repetita novenis an
Janua difficilis filo est inventa relecto : nis domuit monstrum bis pas
tum Actæo sanguine ; utque
Protinus Ægides, rapta Minoide, Dian janua difficilis, iterata nullis
Vela dedit, comitemque suam crudelis in illo priorum, est inventa virgineâ
Littore deseruit. Desertæ, et multa querenti, ope, filo relecto ; protinùs Æ
Amplexus et opem, Liber tulit ; utque perenni gides dedit vela Dian, Minoi
de rapta, que crudelis deseruit
Sidere clara foret, sumptam de fronte coronam comitem suam in illo littore.
Immisit cœlo. Tenues volat illa per auras : Liber amplexus, et opem tulit
Dùmque volat, gemmæ nitidos vertuntur in desertæ et quærenti multa ;
foret clara perenni side
ignes ; 29 utque
re, immisit coronam sumptam
Consistuntque loco, specie remanente coronæ ; de fronte cœlo . Illa volat per
Qui medius nixique genu est, anguemque tenen- gemmæ tenues auras : dùmque volat,
vertuntur in nitidos
tis.
ignes ; consistuntque loco, spe
cic coronæ remanente ; que qui est medius nixi genu que tenentis anguem.

NOTES.

11. Mæandros.] A river of Phrygia, which
seems often to return into itself. He says the
labyrinth was like it. Hence we call things
that are intricate and revolve into themselves,
Meanders.
14. Nunc.] Meander seems sometimes to
turn towards the spring- head, sometimes to
flow towards the broad sea.
18. Figuram tauri.] The Minotaur.
19. Actæo.] Athenian.
20. Tertia sors. ] For they who were to be
sent thither, cast lots who should go ; and at
that time Theseus , the son of Ægeus, was
ordered thither.
Annis novenis. ] After nine years.
21. Ope virgineâ.] After Theseus by the
help of the virgin Ariadne (from whom he
had received a sword, and a clew of thread
to guide him) had got out of the labyrinth,
he went on shipboard.
Nullis, &c. ] None of them that had been
before sent from Athens to Crete had ever
been able to return.
22. Relecto. ] Gathered up again, that is,
by her help, he treads over his steps again.
23. Minoide rapta. ] Carrying away Ari
adne, the daughter of Minos.
Dian. ] sc. Versus or ad. This is anisland
in the sea of Crete.
25. Deseruit.] He forsook.
Desertæ, &c. Bacchus married Ariadne,
whom Theseus forsook.
27. Coronam.] That crown is said to have
been made of gold, ornamented with Indian
Jewels, by Vulcan, which greatly assisted
Theseus, in his escape out of the labyrinth ;
the jewels illuminating his way.
29. Ignes nitidos.] Into shining stars.
30. Specie.] In form.
31. Médius. ] He says the constellation Co
rona is in the middle of that which rests upon
his knees, and that which holds a snake.

EXP, FAB. II. The Athenians were so afflicted with a famine, that they
were under the necessity of suing to Minos for a peace. The terms he
granted them you have in the Argument. The monster the Athenian chil
 292 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIII.

dren were to engage with, had one half the form of a bull, the other of a
man, and was called the Minotaur, being the fruit of an unnatural intrigue
which Pasiphaë the king's wife had with a bull , sent by Neptune, and kept
in a labyrinth, constructed by Dædalus. This fable has for its foundation
the following historical facts : While Minos was prosecuting the wars he had
engaged in to revenge his son's death, his wife Pasiphae had an intrigue
with one of the Cretan lords of his court, named Taurus, which was coun
tenanced by Dædalus, as he suffered them to meet at his house ; the queen
was afterwards delivered of twins, one resembling Minos, and the other Tau
rus. The combat the young Athenians were engaged in, was at the funeral
games, instituted by Minos in honour of his son Androgeus, where they
who were conquered became the property of the conqueror. In these con
tentions Taurus was not less successful than cruel to the vanquished ; which
occasioned it to be said they engaged with a monster. Theseus's success
was owing to his captivating Ariadne, the king's daughter, who gave him
the plan that Daedalus ( a famous architect and statuary ) had drawn of the
Labyrinth he had built, by which he released himself, after defeating the
monster. The remainder you have in the argument.

FAB . III. PERDIX IN AVEM SUI NOMINIS .

Dædalus, tired of his exile, finds means to escape from Crete, by making
himself wings . His son Icarus, neglecting his Father's advice, flies so
near the sun that he melts his wings, and perishes in the sea, which has
ever since been called after him. Dædalus's sister places her son Perdix
under him for his education. He, jealous of the forwardness of his Ne
phew's genius, casts him from atower, with an intent to kill him ; but
Minerva, always a favourer of arts, supports him in his fall, and trans
forms him into a partridge,

Intereà Dædalus perosus DEDALUS interea Creten longumque perosus

Creten longumque exilium ,
que tactus amore natalis soli ; Exilium, tactusque soli natalis amore ;
erat clausus pelago : inquit, li- Clausus erat pelago; Terras licet, inquit, et un
cet obstruat terras et undas ; at das
certè cœlum patet. Ibimus il- Obstruat ; at cœlum certè patet. Ibimus illac :
lac : Minos possideat omnia
non possidet aëra. Dixit : et Omnia possideat ; non possidet aëra Minos. 5
dimittit animum in ignotas ar- Dixit : et ignotas animum dimittit in artes ;
tes que novat naturam. Nam Naturamque novat. Nam ponit in ordine pennas
ponit pennas in ordine, coeptas A minimâ cœptas, longam breviore sequenti :
a breviore sequenti
longam : ut putes crevisse Ut clivo crevisse putes. Sic rustica quondam
clivo. Sic quondam rustica Fistula disparibus paulatim surgit avenis. 10
fistula surgit paulatim dispari
bus aveņis .

NOTES.

1. Dædalus.] Ofthe banishment and flight 5. Possideat.] sc. Licet, quamvís.

of Dædalus, Ovid is very copious in Book II.
de Arte Amandi.
2. Tactusque. ] Taken, delighted.- Nata
lis.] Ofthe country in which he was born.
4. Obstruat.] He shut up.
Cælum patet.] Yet the air is open.
7. Naturam novat. ] He contrives what had
not been before attempted : sc. a journey
through the air.
9. Ut clivo, &c.] That you would imagine
they grew on an hill, by reason of their ine
quality.
 FAB. 111. METAMORPHOSEON. 293

Tunc lino medias, et ceris alligat imas : Tunc alligat medias lino, et al
Atque ita compositas parvo curvamine flectit, ligat imas ceris ; atque itâ flec
tit compositas parvo curvami
Ut veras imitentur aves. Puer Icarus unà ne, ut imitentur veras aves.
Stabat, et, ignarus sua se tractare pericla, 14 PuerIcarus stabat unà, et igna
se tractàre sua pericla, ore
Ore renidenti, modò quas vaga moverat aura rus renidenti captabatplumas,quas
Captabat plumas : flavam modo pollice ceram modò vaga aura moverat : et
Mollibat ; lusùque suo mirabile patris mollibat flavam ceram modo
Impediebat opus. Postquam manus ultima pollice ; que impediebat mira
bileopus patris suo lusû. Post
cœptis quàm ultima manus est impo
50 Imposita est ; geminas opifex libravit in alas sita cœptis ; ipse opifex libravit
Ipse suum corpus : motâque pependit in aurâ. suum corpus in geminas alas.
Instruit et natum ; medioque ut limite curras, que pependit in motâ aurâ. Et
instruit natum ; que ait, Icare,
Icare, ait, moneo ; ne, si demissior ibis, 22
moneo ut curras medio limite ;
T Unda gravet pennas : si celsior, ignis adurat. ne si ibis demissior, unda gravet
Inter utrumque vola. Nec te spectare Boöten, pennas ; si celsior, ignis adurat.
Vola inter utrumque. Nec ju
Aut Helicen jubeo, strictumque Orionis ensem. beo te spectare Boöten aut He
Me duce carpe viam . Pariter præcepta volandi licen strictumque ensem Ori
Tradit ; et ignotas humeris accommodat alas. onis : carpe viam me duce. Pa
Inter opus monitusque genæ maduêre seniles, riter tradit præcepta volandi :
et accommodat ignotas alas
Et patriæ tremuêre manus. Dedit oscula nato humeris. Genæ senilesmaduêre
Non iterum repetenda suo, pennisque levatus 30 inter opus monitusque, et pa
Antê volat, comitique timet ; (velut ales, ab alto triæ manus tremuêre Dedit
oscula suo nato non iterum re
Quæ teneram prolem produxit in aëra nido)
petenda, que levatus pennis,
Hortaturque sequi : damnosasque erudit artes : volat ante, que timet comiti ;
Et movet ipse suas, et nati respicit alas. (velut ales, quæ produxit tene
ram prolem ab alto nido in aëra) hortaturque sequi : que erudit damnosas artes ; et ipse mo.
vet suas alas, et respicit alas nati.

NOTES.

11. Tunc lino, &c.] Dædalus bound the
middle part of the feathers with thread, and
the lower part with wax.
12. Curvamine flectit. ] He bends them a
little, like real wings.
15. Renidenti ore. ] Laughing.
17. Mollibat.] He made soft.
18. Postquàm.] After he had finished the
wings, for imponere manum ultimam operi, is
to finish a work.
19. Opifex. ] The artist Dædalus.
Libravit.] He hung or poised.
20. In aurâ motâ.] The air being agitated
by his wings.
21. Instruit et natum.] He puts his son on
wings.
22. Demissior ] Lower.
23. Gravet.] Should make them heavy by
T wetting them.
24. Inter utrumque. ] In the middle.
Nec te, &c.] Dædalus admonishes Icarus
to follow him, as he was not under the no
cessity of directing his flight according to the
course ofthe stars as mariners do.
Booten.] Bootes is a constellation, which
is called also Arctophylax, which seems to
drive a cart, whence he takes his name of
Boves, oxen.
25. Helicen.] Helice is the greater Bear, so
called, of Helice, a city of Arcadia, in which
Calisto is said to have been born.
Orionis.] The constellation Orion is repre
sented as holding a naked sword in his hand.
Orion is called TOU ougo , Urine, because he
is fabled to have sprung from the urine of
Jupiter and Mercury, as in Book V. Fast.
Ovid relates, that he was an huntsman of
such great strength and courage, that he
boasted he could encounter any wild beast,
for which purpose the earth produced a great
scorpion which endeavoured to kill him. Ju
piter, admiring his courage, translated the
scorpion among the stars, as hehad Orion also,
at the entreaty of Diana.
35. Hortaturque. sc. Ita, so.
Damnosasque. ] Pernicious ; as they proved
in the end.
 294 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIIL

Aliquis dùm captat pisces tre- Hos aliquis, tremulâ dùm captat arundine pisces,
▾
mulâ arundine, aut pastor in- Aut pastor baculo, stivâve innixus arator, 36
nixus baculo, ve arator stiva, Vidit, et obstupuit : quique æthera carpere pos
vidit hos et obstupuit : que cre
didit esse Deos qui possent car- Credidit esse Deos. Et jam Junonia lævâ [ sent,
pere æthere. Et jam Junonia Parte Samos fuerant, Delosque, Parosque relicta ;
Samos, Delosque, Parosquefu- Dextra Lebynthos erat, foecundaque melle Ca
erant relictæ lævâ parte : Le 40
lymne ;
bynthos erat dextrâ, queCalym
ne fæcunda melle,cùm puerco- Cùm puer audaci cœpit gaudere volatu ;
pit gaudere audaci volatu ; de- Deseruitque ducem ; calique cupidine tactus
seruitque ducem; que tactus Altius egit iter. Rapidi vicinia Solis
cupidine cœli egit iter altius.
Vicinia rapidi Solis mollit odo- Mollit odoratas, pennarum vincula, ceras.
ratas ceras, vincula pennarum. Tabuerant Cera : nudos quatit ille lacertos ; 45
Cera tabuerant : ille quatit Remigioque carens non ullas percipit auras :
Kudos lacertos : que carens re
migio, non percipit ullas auras : Oraque cæruleâ patrium clamantia nomen
oraque clamantia patrium no- Excipiuntur aquâ, quæ nomen traxit ab illo.
men excipiuntur cæruleâ aquâ, At pater infelix, nec jam pater, Icare, dixit,
quæ traxit nomen ab illo. At Icare, dixit, ubi es? Quà te regione requiram ?
infelix pater, nec jam pater,
dixit, Icareubi es ? Quàregione Icare, dicebat : pennas aspexit in undis. 51
requiram te ? Dicebat, Icare : Devovitque suas artes, corpusque sepulchro
aspexit pennas in undis. Devo- Condidit : et tellus à nomine dicta sepulti est.
vitque suas artes, que condidit
corpus sepulchro; et tellus est Hunc miseri tumulo ponentem corpora nati
dicta â nomine sepulti. Gar- Garrula a ramosâ prospexit ab illice perdix, 55
rula perdix prospexit hunc po- Et plausit pennis ; testataque gaudia cantu est ;
nentem corpora miseri nati tu- Unica tunc volucris, nec visa prioribus annis,
mulo, ab ramosâilice, et plausit
pennis : que testata est gaudia Factaque nuper avis, longum tibi, Dædale, cri
cantu; tunc unicavolucris, nec men. [dam
visa prioribus annis, que nuper Namque huic tradiderat, fatorum ignara, docen
facta avis, longum crimen tibi
Dædale, Namquegermanaig- Progeniem germana suam, natalibus actis 60
nara fatorum tradiderat huic Bis puerum senis, animi ad præcepta b6 capacis .
suam progeniem docendam, puerum bis senis natalibus actis, animi capacis ad præcepta.
a glandosâ. b rapacis,

NOTES.

35. His.] Dædalus and Icarus.
Tremulâ arundine. ] With his trembling
rod.
36. Stivave.] The handle of a plough, with
which it is guarded .
38. Junonia.] Dedicated to Juno, for Juno
is reported to have been born, brought up,
and married to Jupiter there .
42. Puer.] Icarus.
44. Mollit.] Made them soft, and melted
them. Odoratas.] Fragrant.
45. Ille.] Icarus.
47. Cæruleâ aquâ.] In the sea in which Ica-
rus fell.
48. Traxit nomen.] The Icarian sea was so
called from Icarus.
49. Nec jam pater. ] Now no father, be
cause Icarus was dead.
50. Icare.] An anaphora.
53. Tellus. ] The island Icaros seems to
have been so called from Icarus, the son of
Dædalus, who was buried there.
54. Hunc.] Dædalus.
Ponentem tumulo.] Putting into the grave,
burying.-Nati.] Of his son Icarus.
56. Plausit pennis.] And shook his wings.
57. Unica.] An only, alone, unicus wants
a second, unus has a second.
58. Longum crimen.] An heavy charge.
For Daedalus was accused of having cast him
down from Pallas's tower.
59. Ignara.] Being ignorant of what should
befal her son.
60. Germana.] The sister of Dædalus.
Natalibus actis.] After twelve years were
complete ; for Talus was twelve years of
age when he was committed to the care of
Dædalus.
61. Ad præcepta capacis. ] Capable to re
ceive instruction.
 FAB. IV. " METAMORPHOSEΩN . 295

Ille etiam medio spinas in pisce notatas Etiam ille traxit spinas notatas 1
in medio pisce in exemplum,
Traxit in exemplum, ferroque incidit acuto que incidit perpetuos dentes a
Perpetuos dentes ; et serræ repperit usum cuto ferro, et primus repperit
Primus ; et ex uno duo ferrea brachia nodo 65 usum serræ, et junxit duo
ferrea brachia ex unò nodo,
Junxit, ut, æquali spatio distantibus illis, ut illis distantibus æquali spa
Altera pars staret ; pars altera duceret orbem. tio, altera pars staret, altera
Dædalus invidit ; sacrâque ex arce Minervæ duceret orbem. Dædalus invi
Præcipitem mittit, lapsum mentitus. At illum, dit, que mittit præcipitem ex
sacrâ arce Minervæ : mentitus
Quæ favet ingeniis, excepit Pallas ; avemque lapsum. At Pallas, quæfavet
Reddidit ; et medio velavit in aëre pennis . 71 ingeniis, excepit illum, que
Sed vigor ingenii, quondam velocis, in alas, reddidit avem, et velavit pen
Inque pedes abiit . Nomen, quod et antè, re nis in medio aere. Sedvigorin
genii, quondam velocis, abiitin
mansit.
alas, inque pedes. Nomen re
Non tamen hæc altè volucris sua corpora tollit, mansit quod et antè . Tamen
Nec facit in ramis altoque cacumine nidos : 75 hæc volucris non tollit sua cor
Propter humum volitat, ponitque in sepibus ova, pora altè, nec facit nidos in ra
mis, altoque cacumine, volitat
Antiquique memor, metuit sublimia, casûs. propter humum, ponitque ova
in sepibus, que memor antiqui casûs metuit sublimia.

NOTES.

62. Ille etiam, &c. ] He says Talus was the
inventor of a saw, which he contrived from
seeing the back-bone of a fish.
65. Ex, &c. ] A periphrasis of a compass.
70. Excepit.] Took him up.
71. Velavit.] Covered.
72. Vigor ingenii. ] But the force and
sharpness of the wit of Talus went into the
wings and feet of the birds, for partridges
run and fly very swiftly.
73. Nomen.] For Talus was also called
Perdix.
76. Propter.] Nigh, near the earth.

EXP. FAB. III. Dædalus, a native of Athens, whose escape we have men
" tioned in the Argument, with some other transactions respecting him, was
confined by Minos for the countenance he gave his wife's gallantries ; but
he found means to escape on board a vessel, for which he contrived sails,
until then unknown. His son Icarus, not being able to support the fatigue
of the voyage, died in an island near the Archipelago, since called by his
name.

FAB . IV. MELEAGRIDES IN AVES.

Oeneus, having neglected Diana, ' when performing his vows to the Gods,
she sends a wild boar to ravage his dominions ; which obliges him to as
semble the princes of the country to hunt it. His son Meleager leads the
chase, kills the monster, and presents its head to his mistress Atalanta,
the king of Arcadia's daughter. He afterwards kills his two uncles,
Plexippus and Toxeus, who would have deprived him of so glorious a
badge of his victory. Their sister Altbæa, Meleager's mother, filled
with despair at their death, loads her son with execrations ; and re
membering the taper she had received from the Fates at his birth, on the
preservation of which his life depends, she throws it immediately into the
fire. As soon as it is consumed, Meleager expires in the greatest tor
ment, and his sisters mourned over his body, until Diana changes them
into birds.
296 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIII.

Jamque Ætnæa tellus tene. JAMQUE fatigatum tellus Ætnæa tenebat

bat Dædalon fatigatum : et
Cocalushabebatur mitis sump Dædalon et sumptis pro supplice Cocalus
tis armis pro supplice. Jam armis
Athenæ desierant pendere la- Mitis habebatur. Jam lamentabile Athenæ
mentabiletributumTheseâlau- Pendere desierant, Theseâ laude, tributum.
de. Templa coronantur, que
vocant bellatricem Minervam Templa coronantur, bellatricemque Minervam
cum Jove, que aliis Dîs : quos Cum Jove, Disque vocant aliis : quos sanguine
adorant sanguine voto, mune voto, 6
ribusquedatis, et acerris thuris. Muneribusque datis, et acerris thuris adorant.
Vaga fama sparserat nomen
Theseos per Argolicas urbes : Sparserat Argolicas nomen vaga Fama per urbes
et populi, quos dives Achaïa Theseos : et populi, quos dives Achaîa cepit,
cepit, imploravère opem hujus Hujus opem magnis imploravêre periclis. 10
magnispericlis. Calydon,quam
vis haberet Meleagron, supplex Hujus opem Calydon, quamvis Meleagron ha
petiitopemhujus solicitâ prece. beret,
Causapetendierat sus, famulus Solicita supplex petiit prece. Causa petendi
vindexque infestæ Dianæ. Sus erat, infestæ famulus vindexque Dianæ.
Namqueferunt Oenea, succes
sibus pleni anni, libâsse primi- Oenea namque ferunt, pleni successibus anni,
tias frugum Cereri, sua vina Primitias frugum Cereri, sua vina Lyæo, 15
Lyæo, Palladios latices flava Palladios flavæ latices libâsse Minervæ .
Minervæ. Invidiosus honos
cœptus ab Agricolis pervenit Captus ab Agricolis Superos pervenit ad omnes
ad omnes Superos ; ferunt aras Invidiosus honos : solas sinè thure relictas
Latoïdos præteritæ solas ces- Præteritæ cessâsse ferunt Latoïdos aras. 19
sâse relictas sine thure. Ira Tangit et ira Deos. At non impune feremus ;
tangit et Deos . At non fere
mus impunè, inquit ; quæque Quæque inhonoratæ, non et dicemur inultæ,
inhonoratæ, non et dicemur Inquit : et Oeneos ultorem spreta per agros
inultæ et spreta misit aprum
ultorem per Oeneos agros :

NOTES.

1. Jamque. ] Daedalus, flying from the an
ger of Minos, comes to Cocalus, king of Si
cily, where he was entertained and defended.
At last Minos himself was slain.
Fatigatum. ] Weary with his flight.
Tellus Ætnæa. ] The land of Etna, Sicily.
4. Pendere.] This verb signifies properly
weigh ; but as metals, before coining was in
use, were valued by their weight, it signifies
also as here, to pay the tribute imposed by
Minos on the Athenians for the death of his
son Androgeus.
Desierant.] For desiverant, from desino, is.
Theseâ laude.] By the glory, the bravery
of Theseus who had slain the Minotaur.
5. Bellatricem Minervam.] She is also
called Bellona..
6. Vocant,] They invoke.
Sanguine. ] With the blood ofthe sacrifices
which they had vowed to perform, if Theseus
returned conqueror from Crete.
9. Theseos. ] The genitive of Theseus.
Dives Achaia.] Rich Greece.
10. Hujus.] Of Theseus. An Anaphora.
11. Calydon.] A city of Ætolia, which the
poet puts for the inhabitants,
13. Sus.] A boar, and indeed a very fierce
one.--Vindexque .] An avenger.
14. Oenea.] The accusative of Oeneus,
king of Calydonia, father of Meleager.
Successibus.] Out of the produce, it de
pends upon libasse by the preposition (er)
understood.
15. Primitias. ] The first fruit : for the
first fruits were dedicated to Ceres, as the
wine was to Bacchus, and oil to Minerva.
16. Palladios latices.] Oil, invented by
Minerva.
17. Agricolis.] From Ceres, Bacchus, and
Minerva, beeause they were the inventors of
husbandry.
18. Invidiosus.] The honour paid to the
gods on this occasion, is called invidious, in
vidious, because it drew upon Oeneus and his
people the hatred and indignation (invidia) of
Diana - Honos, ] The sacrifice of the gods.
-Thure.] Sacrifice.
19. Latoïdos. ] The genitive of Latois, the
daughter of Latona .
21 Quæque, &c.] scil. nosque quæ dicemur
inhonoratæ, non dicemur et inultœ.
 FAB. IV. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 297

Misit aprum : quanto majores herbida tauros quanto herbida Epiros non ha→
Non habet Epiros ; sed habent Sicula arva mi- bet majores tauros ; sed Sicula
arva habent minores. Oculi
nores. [cervix, micant sanguine et igne, hor
Sanguine et igne micant oculi, riget horrida rida cervix riget, [et setæ hor
[ Et setæ densis similes hastilibus horrent : ] 26 rent similes densis hastilibus : }
fervida spuma fluit per latos
Stantque velut vallum, velut alta hastilia setæ : armos cum rauco stridore :
Fervida cum rauco latos stridore per armos dentes æquantur Indis denti
Spuma fluit : dentes æquantur dentibus Indis : bus ; fulmen venit ab ore =
Fulmen ab ore venit : frondes afflatibus ardent. frondes ardent afflatibus. Is
modò proculcat segetes in
Is modò crescenti segetes proculcat in herbâ, crescenti herbà; metitvota nec
Nec matura metit fleturi vota coloni ; matura coloni fleturi ; et in
Et Cererem in spicis intercipit. Area frustrà, tercipit Cererem
rea frustrà, in spicis.
et horrea A
frustrà
Et frustrà expectant promissas horrea messes. expectant promissas messes.
Sternuntur gravidi longo cum palmite foetus, Gravidi fœtus sternuntur cum
Baccaque cum ramis semper frondentis olivaæ. longo palmite, que bacca oliva
Sævit et in pecudes . Non has pastorve , canesve, semper frondentis cum ramis.
Sævit et in pecudes. Non
Non armenta truces possunt defendere tauri. pastorve, canesve, possunt de
Diffugiunt populi : nec se, nisi manibus urbis, fendere has, non truces taurī
Esse putant tutos : donec Meleager, et unà 40 armenta. Populi diffugiunt nec
putant se esse tutos nisi mœ
Lecta manus juvenum caluêre cupidine laudis. nibus urbis : donec Meleager,
Tyndaridæ gemini, spectatus cæstibus alter, et una lecta manus juvenum
Alter equo ; primæque ratis molitor Iason, caluêre cupidine laudis. Ge
mini Tyndaridæ, alter specta
Et cum Pirithoo felix concordia Theseus, 44
tus cæstibus, alter equo ; Jason
Et duo Thestiadæ, prolesque Aphareïa Lynceus, molitor primæ ratis, et The
Leucippusque ferox, jaculoque insignis Acastus, seus felix concordia cum Piri
thoo, et duo Thestiadæ , que
Lynceus Aphareïa proles, que
ferox Leucippus que Acastus insignis jaculo

NOTES.

23. Quanto.] Signifies more than quo : it ther, with leaden bullets sewed in them, with
means, " than which being so large," i, e. which champions fought fastened on their
than which monster. hands. - Alter.] Pollux.
Herbida.] Full ofgrass. 43. Alter.] Castor.-Equo. ] sc. Præstans ;
29. Dentibus.] To the teeth of an Indian i. e. skilled in horsemanship.- -Ratis.] The
elephant. An hyperbole. ship Argo, which Jason had built : Ovid
30. Fulmen.] His voice is thunder. thinks it was the first, others say Danaus was
Ardent.] Are scorched, the inventor.
> 32. Nec matura vota.] The unripe corn. 44. Et cum Pirithoo, &c. Theseus cum
55. Gravidi foetus.] The clusters heavy Pirithoo, i. e. Theseus and Pirithous ; felix,
with grapes.Palmite. ] With the leaves concordia the nominative, in apposition with
of the vines. these words, having the signification offelici
Baccaque. ] Olives, the fruit of the olive ter concordes.
tree. 45. Thestiada.] The sons of Thestias,
40. Unà. Together with. Toxeus and Plexippus, Meleager's uncles.
41. Lecta manus.] A choice company of Aphareïa.] The son of Aphareus.
young men. -Caluêre.] Glowed. 46. Leucippusque.] The brother of Apha
42. Tyndaridæ. ] Castor and Pollux, thought reus, and father to Elaira and Phoebe, whom
to be the twin sons of Tyndarus and Læda, Castor and Pollux endeavoured to carry away
but were really Jupiter's. from their brethren, but were prevented by
Cæstibus. ] The Castus were thongs of lea Ida and Lynceus, who slew one of them.
Qq
 298 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIII.

et velox Idas ; et Cæneus non Et velox Idas ; et jam non fœmina Cæneus,
jam fœmina ; Hippothoosque, Hippothoosque, Dryasque, et cretus Amyntore
Dryasque, et Phoenix cretus
Phoenix ,
Amyntore, Actoridæque pares,
et Phyleus missus ab Elide. Actoridæque pares, et missus ab Elide Phyleus.
Nec Telamon aberat, que cre- Nec Telamon aberat, a magnique creator A
ator magni Achillis, que im chillis,
piger Eurytion, cum Phere
tiade, et Hyanteo Iolao, que Cumque Pheretiade, et Hyanteo Iolao,
Echion invictus cursu que Impiger Eurytion, cursuque invictus Echion,
Narycius Lelex Panopeus- Naryciusque Lelex, Panopeusque, Hyleusque,
que, Hyleusque,, que ferox
Hippasus, et Nestor etiamnum ferox que [mis.
primis in armis. Et quos Hippasus, et primis etiamnum Nestor in ar
Hippocoon misit antiquis A- Et quos Hippocoon antiquis misit Amyclis , 55
myclis, que socer Penelope s Penelopesque socer, cum Parrhasio Ancæo.
cum Que
sagax Ampycides et Oeclides Ampycidesque sagax, et adhuc à conjuge tutus
adhuc tutus à conjuge, que Te- Oeclides, nemorisque decus Tegeæa Lycæi.
geæa decus Lycæi nemoris. Rasilis huic summam mordebat fibula vestem ;
Rasilis fibula mordebat sum
mam vestém huic ; crinis erat Crinis erat simplex, nodum collectus in unum :
simplex, collectus in unum no- Ex humero pendens resonabat eburnea lævo
dum : eburnea custos telorum, Telorum custos, arcum quoque læva tenebat.
pendens ex lævo humero, re- Talis erat cultus ; facies, quam dicere verè
sonabat ; quoque læva tenebat
arcum. Talis erat cultus : fa- Virgineam in puero, puerilem in virgine posses.
cies, quam posses verè dicere Hanc pariter vidit, pariter Calydonius heros, 56
virgineam in puero, puerilem Optavit renuente Deo : flammasque latentes
in virgine. Calydonius heros
pariter vidit hanc, pariter op. Hausit ; et O felix, si quem dignabitur, inquit,
tavit, Deo renuente : que hau
sit latentes flammas ; et in
quit, O felix, si ista dignabitur quem
a magnive. b annis.

NOTES.
47. Idas.] The brother of Lynceus.
Non fœmina. ] The son of Elatus was first
a woman, but being debauched by Neptune,
he as a compensation changed her to a man,
and made him invulnerable.
48. Amyntore.] The son of Amyntor.
49. Actoridæque. Menatius, the father of
Patroclus, who is called Actorides, of Actor
his grandfather.
50. Telamon.] The father of Ajax, the son
of Eacus.- -Creator. ] Peleus, the father of
Achilles, the brother of Telamon.
51. Pheretiade.] With Admetus, the son
of Pheretis, whose wife Alcestes was.
Hyanteo. ] Baotian Iolaus. Forthe Hyantes
are a people of Baotia. This Iolaus was the
son of Iphiclus, the grandson of Amphitryon,
who assisted Hercules in killing the Hydra.
52. Eurytion.] The son of Iris, the son of
¿ ctor.
53. Naryciusque. ] Born at Naryce, which
is a city of Locris.
Panopeus.] The son of Phocus.
54. Etiamnùm. ] Even now, for Nestor
lived to a great age, and went to the Trojan
war when turned of ninety, Hence take no
tice that the hunt ofthis boar happened in the
age before the Trojan war, for Troy was sack
ed by those men, whose fathers were engaged
in this chase, scil. Telamon, Peleus, &c.
55. Amyclis.] Amycle is a city of Laconia,
built by Amycla, the son of Lacedemon, and
called after his name.
56. Penelopesque socer.] Laertes, the fa
ther of Ulysses, the son of Acrisius.
Parrhasio.] Parrhasia is a city of Arcadia.
57. Ampycidesque sagax.] Mopsus, the son
of Ampycus, so called, because he was a pro
phet or soothsayer.
58. Oeclides.] Amphiaraus, not yet betrayed
by his wife to Adrastus, king of the Argives.
Tegema.] The Arcadian nymph, Atalanta.
59. Rasilis fibula.] A polished buckle, with
which the garment is fastened.
62. Telorum custos. ] A quiver.
65. Calydonius. ] Meleager.
66. Renuente Deo.] The god of marriage,
Hymenæus, forbidding, for it was not allowed
that they should be happy in love.—— Flam
masque, &c.] He conceived a secret love.
67. Dignabitur.] If she shall think any
body worthy of her for a wife.
 FAB. IV. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 299

Ista virum ! Nec plura sinunt tempusque pu virum ! Nec tempusquepudor.

dorque que sinunt dicere plura ; majus
opus magni certaminis urget :
Dicere ; majus opus magni certaminis urget. Sylva frequens trabibus, quam
Sylva frequens trabibus, quam nulla ceciderat nulla ætas ceciderat, incipit à
ætas, 70 plano, que prospicit devexa ar
va. Quopostquàm viri venêre,
Incipit à plano, devexaque prospicit arva. pars tendunt retia ; pars adi
Quò postquàm venêre viri, pars retia tendunt ; munt vincula canibus; pars se
Vincula pars adimunt canibus ; pars pressa se- quuntur pressa signa pedum,
[riclum. cupiuntque reperire suum pe
quuntur riclum . Vallis erat concava,
Signa pedum ; cupiuntque suum reperire pe- quâ rivi pluvialis aquæ assue
Concava vallis erat ; quâ se demittere rivi 75 rant demittere se : lenta salix
Assuêrant pluvialis aquæ. Tenet ima lacunæ tenet ima lacunæ, que leves
alvæ, que palustres junci, vi
Lenta salix, ulvæque leves, juncique palustres, minaque, et longe cannæ sub
Viminaque et longâ parvæ sub arundine cannæ. parvâ arundine. Aper excitus
Hinc aper excitus medios violentus in hostes hinc, fertur violentus in me
80 dios hostes, ut ignes elisi ex
Fertur, ut excussis elisi nubibus ignes. excussis nubibus. Nemus
Sternitur incursu nemus : et propulsa fragorem sternitur incursu, et sylva pro
Sylva dat. Exclamant juvenes : prætentaque forti pulsa dat fragorem. Juvenes
Tela tenent dextrâ, lato vibrantia ferro. exclamant que tenent tela
Ille ruit ; spargitque canes, ut quisque ruenti prætentaforti dextrâ, vibrantia
lato ferro. Illeruit ; spargitque
Obstat : et obliquo latrantes dissipat ictu. 85 canes, ut quisque obstat ruen
Cuspis Echionio primùm contorta lacerto ti : et dissipat latrantes obliquo
Cuspis primùm contorta
Vana fuit : truncoque dedit leve vulnus acerno. ictu. Echionio lacerto fuit vana :
Proxima, si nimiis mittentis viribus usa que dedit leve vulnus acerno
Non foret, in tergo visa est hæsura petito. trunco. Proxima, si non foret
Longiùs it ; auctor teli Pagasæus Iason. 90 usa nimiis viribus mittentis,
Phoebe, ait a Ampycides , si te coluique, coloque, visa est hæsura tergo petito.
Pagastus läson auctor teli, it
Da mihi, quod petitur, certo contingere telo. Pagasau s lason auctor teli, it
longiùs: Ampycides ait, Phot
si colui, coloque te, da mihicontingere certo telo quod petitur.

a Occlides,

NOTES.

68. Certaminis. ] Of the contest, the hunt.
69. Urget,] Engages his attention.
70. Frequens trabibus. ] Thick with trees.
74. Reperire periculum.] Because to find
1 the boar, was to meet danger.
75. Concava.] The lower parts of the val
ley.
76. Ima ] scil. loca, the accusative after
tenet.
77. Lenta.] Flexible, bending.
Ulvæque.] Sedges.
78. Arundine.] The bark of the reeds.
79. Excitus.] Being roused up.
80. Fertur,] He rushes.
Ut excussis, &c.] After the manner of
lightning, which darts out ofthe clouds .
81. Sternitur, &c.] The grove is laid level
by his rushing forward. An Hyperbole.
Propulsa. Being struck,
82. Datfragorem. ] Makes a crashingnoise,
Fragor is the noise of any thing broken.
Prætentaque.] Presented.
84. Ille. The boar.
Ruit ] Rushes upon them.
85. Obliquo ictu.] For a boar wounds
obliquely, as he passes by, with his tusk.
Dissipat.] Throws them off.
86. Cuspis.] The dart. The part for the
whole. J
89. Tergo. ] In the boar's back.
90. It.] For iit, that this syllable may be
made long - Pagasæus. ] Thessalian. Of Pa
gasa, see Book VII. Verse 1 .
91. Ampycides.] Mopsus, the son of Am
pycus, addresses himself to Phoebus, because
he was the god of Prophecy ; and Mopsus, we
are told V. 57. was a soothsayer. Ampyci
desque sagax.
 300 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIII.

Deus annuit precibus, quà po- Quà potuit, precibus Deus annuit. Ictus ab illo ,
tuit. Aper est ictus ab illo, sed Sed sinè vulnere, aper ; ferumque Diana volanti
sinè vulnere : que Diana abstu- Abstulerat jaculo ; lignum sinè acumine venit.
lerat ferrum volanti jaculo: lig
num venit sinè acumine. Ira Ira feri mota est ; nec fulmine leniùs arsit. 96
feri est mota; nec arsit leniùs Lux micat ex oculis , spiratque è pectore flamma.
fulmine. Lux micat ex oculis, Utque volat moles adducto concita nervo,
que flamma spirat è pectore: Cum petit aut muros, aut plenas milite turres :
Utque moles volat concita ad
ducto nervo, cum autpetitmu- Injuvenes a certo sic impete vulnificus sus 100
ros aut turres plenas milite : Fertur : et Eupalamon, Pelegonaque dextra
vulnificus sussicferturin juve tuentes
nes certo impete ; et prosternit
Eupalamon, Pelegonaque tu- Cornua prosternit. Socii rapuêre jacentes.
entes dextra cornua. Socii ra- At non lethiferos effugit Enæsimus ictus
puere jacentes : At Enasimus Hippocoonte satus : trepidantem , et terga pa
satus Hippocoonte non effugit rantem
lethiferos ictus : nervi poplite
succiso liquerunt trepidantem, Vertere, succiso liquerunt poplite nervi. 105
et parantem vertereterga. For- Forsitan et Pylius citrà Trojana perisset
sitan et Pylius perisset citrà Tempora : sed, sumpto positâ conamine ab hasta
Trojana tempora : sed insiluit
ramis arboris quæ stabatprox- Arboris insiluit, quæ stabat proxima, ramis.
ima ; sumpto conamine ab lias- Despexitque loco tutus, quem fugerat hostem.
tà positâ. Que tutus loco de- Dentibus ille ferox in querno stipite tritis 110
spexit hostem, quem fugerat . Imminet exitio : fidensque recentibus armis,
Ille ferox imminet exitio den
tibus tritis in querno stipite : Othriadæ magni rostro femur hausit adunco.
fidensque recentibus armis At gemini, nondùm cœlestia sidera, fratres,
hausit femur magni Othriada Ambo conspicui , nive candidioribus ↳ albâ
adunco rostro, At gemini fra
tres, nondùm cœlestia sidera, Vectabantur equis; ambo vibrata per auras, 115
ambo conspicui, vectabantur Hastarum tremulo quatiebant spicula motų.
equis candidioribus albâ nive ; Vulnera fecissent ; nisi setiger inter opacas,
ambo quatiebant spicula hasta- Nec jaculis , isset , nec equo loca pervia , sylvas.
rum vibrata per auras tremulo
motu. Fecissent vulnera , nisi setiger isset inter opacas sylvas, nec pervia jaculis nec equo,
a vrstos. b ambo.

NOTES.

Precibus Deus annuit.] He heard his
prayers.
94. Vulnere. ] sc. Mansit, abiit.
Diana, &c. ] Diana endeavoured to save
the life of her boar.
95. Acumine .] With the point of a spear,
96. Fulmine leniùs.] Nor was the boar
less inflamed than a thunder-bolt.
98. Moles adducto, &c .] A stone thrown
· from a sling.- Concita.] Whirled.
Nervo adducto. ] By a sling.
99. Milite.] With soldiers.
100. Impete.] An assault :
101. Dextra ] Defending the right wing
of their troops.
104. Hippocoonte .] Theson of Hippocoon.
Terga parantem vertere. ] Being desirous
to flee:
105. Poplite.] His ham.
106. Pylius. ] Nestor, so called of Pylus,
City of Messenia, where he ruled.
Citra Trojana.] On this side , i. e. earlier
than the Trojan war.
107. Sumpto conamine.] Having made a
spring (took a leap.)
108. Ramis.] Upon the branches.
109. Despexitque, &c. ] Being safe and
secure, by the height of the tree, he looked
down upon the boar.
111. Recentibus armis. ] His teeth which
he had exercised but now.
112. Hausit.] Pierced, for haurio signifies
to draw liquor from a pierced vessel, and
therefore also to pierce.
Adunco rostra. With his crooked tusks.
113. Cœlestia sidera .] Castor and Pollux
are called Gemini, which makes one of the
constellations of the Zodiac.
117. Vulnerafecissent. ]Theyhad wounded.
Setiger.] The bristly boar.
118. Pervia.] Not penetrable by darts,
nor passable by horses.
FAB. IV. METAMORPHOSEON. 301

Insequitur Telamon, studioque incautus eundi, Telamon insequitur queincau

Pronus ab arboreâ cecidit radice retentus. 120 tus studio eundi, cecidit pronus
retentus arboreâ radice. Dùm
Dum levat hunc Peleus, celerem Tegeæa sagit Peleus levat hunc, Tegeæa im
tam posuit celerem sagittam nervo,
Imposuit nervo, sinuatoque expulit arcu : queexpulit sinuato arcu : arun
Fixa sub aure feri summum distrinxit arundo do fixa sub aure distrinxitsum
mum corpus feri, et rubefecit
Corpus : et exiguo rubefecit sanguine setas. setas exiguo sanguine. Nec ta
Nec tamen illa sui successu lætior ictûs, 125 men illa lætior successu sui ic
Quàm Meleagros erat. Primus vidisse putatur, tus, quam Meleagros. Putatur
primus vidisse, et primus osten
Et primus sociis visum ostendisse cruorem . disse visum cruorem sociis. Et
Et, meritum, dixisse, feres virtutis honorem. dixisse, Feres meritum hono
Erubuêre viri, seque exhortantur : et addunt rem virtutis. Viri erubuêre,que
Cum clamore animos ; jaciuntque sinè ordine exhortan tur se : et addunt ani
mos cum clamore ; jaciuntque
tela. tela sine ordine. Turba nocet
Turba nocet jactis, et quos petit, impedit ictus. jactis et impedit ictus quos pe
Ecce ! furens contrà sua fata bipennifer Arcas, tit. furensEcce ! bipennifer Arcas
contrà sua fata, dixit,
Discite fœmineis quàm tela virilia præstent, Discite O juvenes quâm virilia
Ojuvenes, operique meo concedite, dixit. tela præstant fœmineis, que
Ipsa suis licet hunc Latonia protegat armis ; 135 concedite meo operi. Licet
Hunc tamen invitâ perimet mea dextra Dianâ. armis: Latonia ipsa protegathunc suis
tamen dextra mea peri
Talia magniloquo tumidus memoraverat ore : met invitâ Dianâ. Tumidus
Ancipitemque manu tollens utraquê securim, memoraverat talia magniloquo
Institerat digitis, primos suspensus in artus.139 ore ; que tollens ancipitem se
curim utraque manu, institerat
Occupat audacem, quaque est via proxima letho, digitis, suspensus in primos
Summa ferus geminos direxit in inguina dentes. artus. Ferus occupataudacem,
Concidit Ancæus : glomerataque sanguine multo que direxit geminos dentes in
Viscera lapsa fluunt : madefactaque terra cruore est. summa inguina, quaque via est
proxima letho. Ancæus conci
Ibat in adversum proles Ixionis hostem
dit : que viscera lapsa fluunt,
Pirithous, valida quatiens venabula dextrâ ; 145 glomerata multo sanguine :
Cui procul Ægides, O me mihi carior, inquit, que terra estmadefacta cruore.
Pars animæ consiste meæ : licet eminus esse Pirithous proles Ixionis ibat
Fortibus: Ancao nocuit temeraria virtus. in adversum hostem, quatiens
venabula validâ dextrà : cui
Ægides inquit, O carior mihi me, pars meæ animæ, consiste procul : licet essefortibus emi
nus; temeraria virtus nocuit Ancæo.

NOTES.

119. Studioque.] With a desire to run. Concedite ] Give place.

121. Levat. ] He lifts up.
Tegeæa.] Atalanta,
122. Sinuatoque. ] Being bent.
123. Distrinxit. ] Slightly wounded.
Arundo.] The arrow.
128. Feres.] Thou shalt beara way, thou
shalt have.
129. Erubuêre.] The men were ashamed
that the boar should be first wounded by a
woman.
132. Bipennifer.] Carrying a battle-axe.
Arcas, &c.] The Arcadian Ancæus, furi
ous to his own destruction.
134. Operique meo .] To my valour.
135. Protegat.] Should protect.
136 Perimet.] Shall slay.
137. Tumidus.] Being puffed up, proud.
158. Ancipitem. ] Cutting on either side,
sharp.
139. Digitis.] scil. pedum, he stood upon
his toes.- Artus primus.] The first joints of
his toes.--Quaque, &c. ] A man being wound
ed in the groin it is present death.
142. Sanguine. ] sc. Cum.
146. Ægides. ] Theseus, the son of Ægeus.
147. Licet eminus, &c.] We may be brave
at a distance.
148. Temeraria.] A rash courage.
302 F. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIII.

Dixit : et torsit grave coraum, Dixit ; et æratâ torsit grave cuspide cornum,
æratâ cuspide , quolibratobene; Quo bene librato, votique potente futuro, 150
quefuturo potente voti, frondo
sus ramus obstitit ab æsculeâ Obstitit æsculeâ frondosus ab arbore ramus.
arbore. Et Æsonides misit ja- Misit et Æsonides jaculum, quod casus ab illo
culum, quod casus vertit abillo Vertit in immeriti fatum latrantis , et, inter
in fatum immeriti latrantis, et
conjectum inter ilia est fixum Ilia conjectum, tellure per ilia fixum est. 154
per ilia tellure. At manus At manus Oenidæ variat : missisque duabus,
Oenida variat : que duabus Hasta prior terrâ, medio stetit altera tergo.
missis, prior stetit tergo. Nec
mora: dùm sævit, dum versat Nec mora ; dùm sævit , dùm corpora versat in
corpora in orbem : que fundit orbem ; [fundit.
spumam stridentem cum novo Stridentemque novo spumam cum sanguine
sanguine. Auctor vulneris ad- Vulneris auctor adest : hostemque irritat ad iram,
que que
est: irritat
condit hostem
splendid ad iram, Splendidaque adversos venabula condit in armos .
a venabula
in adversos armos. Socii tes Gaudia testantur socii clamore secundo ; 161
tantur gaudia secundo clamo- Victricemque petunt dextræ conjungere dex
re : que petunt conjungere tram :
victricem dextram dextræ :que Immanemque ferum, multâ tellure jacentem,
mirantes spectant immanem
ferum, jacentem multâ tellure: Mirantes spectant ; neque adhuc contingere
neque adhuc putant esse tu tutum [entat.
tum contingere ; sed tamen Esse putant ; sed tela tamen sua quisque cru
quisque cruentat sua tela. Ipse
pressit exitiabile caput pede Ipse, pede imposito, caput exitiabile pressit : 166
imposito : atque dixit ita, No- Atque ita, sume mei spolium, Nonacria, juris,
nacria, sume spolium mei ju- Dixit ; et in partem veniat mihi gloria tecum.
ris : et gloria veniat in partem Protinus exuvias, rigidis horrentia setis
mihi tecum. Protinùs dat
exuvias, terga horrentia rigidis Terga dat, et magnis insignia dentibus ora. 170
setis, et ora insignia magnis Illi lætitiæ est, cum munere, muneris auctor.
dentibus . Auctor muneris est Invidêre alii ; totoque erat agmine murmur.
lætitiæ illi, cum munere. Alii
invidêre ; que erat murmur toto E quibus ingenti tendentes brachia voce,
agmine. E quibus Thestiada, Pone age, nec titulos intercipe fœmina nostros :
tendentes brachia, clamant in
genti voce pone age, nec fœmina intercipe nostros titulos :
"
a et in mentum figit.

NOTES.

149. Eratâ.] Brazen point. dextram victricem dextræ suæ.

Torsit.] He cast.- Cornum.] A spear
made of the cornel tree.
150. Librato.] Thrown with astrong hand.
Votique potente futuro. ] Likely to compass
the sender's wish, viz. to smite the boar.
131. Æsculeâ. ] Æsculus is a mast-bearing
tree dedicated to Jupiter.
152. Esonides. ] Jason the son of Eson.
153. Vertit.] Turns away.
Immeriti latrantis.] An innocent dog.
154. Tellure.] In the earth.
155. Oenidæ.] Of Meleager. the son of
Oeneus.-Duabus. ] scil. hastis.
157. Sævit. ] Rages.-Versat . ] Turns round.
159. Auctor.] Meleager.- Irritat. ]Provokes.
160. Venabula.] A dart which huntersuse.
161. Clamore. secundo.] By favouring
shouts.
162. Victricem, &c.] scil, Conjungere ejus
Petunt.] They desire.
165. Cruentat. ] He besmears with blood.
166. Exitiabile.] Pestiferous, which had
been the destruction of many.
167. Spolium.] Things taken from an
enemy are called spoils.
Nonacria.] Atalanta of Nonacris, a very
famous mountain of Arcadia.
Mei juris. Which is due to me by right.
For Meleager slew the boar.
169. Exuvias.] The back and head ofthe
boar.
170. Terga- ora.] 1In apposition with
exuvias.
171. Illi.] To her-she is proud of the
gift and the giver.
174. Pone.] Lay aside.
Titulos.] Our honour, our glory.
 FAB. IV. METAMORPHOSEON. 303

Thestiadæ clamant : Neu te fiducia formæ 175 Neu fiducia formæ decipiat te;
Decipiat ; longèque tuo sit captus amore que sit auctorcaptus tuo amore
longè : et adimunt manus huic,
Auctor : et huic adimunt munus, jus muneris jus muneris illi. Mavortius non
illi. tulit, et frendens tumidâ ira,
Non tulit, et tumidâ frendens Mavortius irâ, dixit, Raptores alieni honoris
discite quantùm facta distent
Discite raptores alieni, dixit, honoris, 179 minis: bausitque pectora
Facta minis quantùm distent. Hausitque nefando Plexippi, timentia nil tale,
Pectora Plexippi, nil tale timentia, ferro. nefando ferro. Haud patitur
Toxea, quid faciat, dubium, pariterque volen Toxea, dubium quid faciat,
tem diu dubitare, pariterque volen
tem ulcisci fratrem, que timen
Ulcisci fratrem, fraternaque fata timentem, tem fraterna fata, que recalfecit
Haud patitur dubitare diu : calidumque priori telum calidum priori cædecon
sorti sanguine. Althea ferebat
Cæde recalfecit consorti sanguine telum. 185
dona templis Deûm, victore
Dona Deûm templis, nato victore, ferebat, nato, cùm videt fratres referri
Cùm videt extinctos fratres Althea referri : extinctos quæ plangore dato
Quæ, plangore dato, mœstis ululatibus urbem implet urbem mostis ululati
bus et mutavit auratas vesti
Implet : ❝ et auratas mutavit vestibus atris. bus atris. At simùl auctor ne
At simul est auctor necis editus, excidit omnis cis est editus, omnis luctus ex
Luctus: et à lacrymis in pœnæ versus amorem cidit : et versus est à lacrymis
est. 191 in amorem pœnæ. Stipes erat
quem cùm Thestias, enixa par
Stipes erat : quem, cùm partus enixa jaceret tus, jaceret, triplices sorores
Thestias; in flammam triplices posuêre sorores : posuere in flammam : que
Staminaque impresso fatalia pollice nentes ; nentes fatalia flamina impresso
pollice, dixerunt, O modò nate,
Tempora, dixerunt, eadem lignoque, tibique, damus eadem
tempora ligno.
O modò nate, damus. Quo postquàm carmine que tibique. Quo carmine dic
dicto 196 to, postquàm Deæ excessêre,
Excessêre Deæ, flagrantem mater ab igne mater eripuit flagrantem tor
rem abigne: sparsitque liquen
Eripuit torrem : sparsitque liquentibus undis. tibus undis. Ille fuerat ab
Ille diu fuerat penetralibus abditus imis : ditus diu imis penetralibus :
Servatusque tuos, juvenis, servaverat annos. quejuvenis, servatus servaverat
tuos annos,
a auratis mutavit vestibus atras.

NOTES.

175. Thestiada .] Plexippus and Toxeus,
sons of Thestius, the uncles of Meleager.
1 176. Longè sit.] May be far from you, i.e.
need not help you : the meaning given may
be collected from the verb adsum, for, because
one who is near at hand, can most easily help,
adesse signifies not only to be at hand, but to
help ; and for the same reason, propitius from
prope, nigh, signifies favourable, ready to
help.
-propius res aspice nostras. Virg.
for a similar reason longe esse, to be far off,
may signify, not to help, as here.
177. Huic.] From her.- Illi. ] From him.
' 178. Non tulit. ] Could not suffer Atalanta
to be robbed of her present.
Frendens, &c. ] Gnashing his teeth.
Mavortius.] The martial hero, Meleager.
180. Hausit. ] Smote. Nefando. ] Out
rageous. -Nefando- ferro.] For Plexippus
was his uncle.
181. Timentia.] Fearing.
122. Toxea.] The accusative after patitur.
186. Nato.] Her son Meleager.
187. Extinctos fratres .] Her slain brethren
Plexippus and Toxeus.
189. Mutavit.] See the note on the first
line of Ovid.
190. Editus.] Declared.
192. Stipes.] The poet describes the billet
fatal to the life of Meleager.
Enixa.] When she lay in.
195. Thestias.] Althea, the daughter of
Thestius.--Triplices. The Parcæ or Fates,
Lachesis, Atropos, and Clotho.
199. Ille.] The billet.
200. Juvenis.] Meleager,
304 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIII,

Genitrix protulithunc, queim- Protulit hunc genitrix, tædasque in fragmina

perat tædas poni in fragmina, 201
et admovit inimicos ignes posi poni
tis. Tùm conata quater impo- Imperat, et positis inimicos admovet ignes.
nere ramum flammis, tenuit Tùm conata quater flammis imponere ramum,
cœpta quater : materque so-a Coepta quatertenuit: pugnat materquesororque;
rorque pugnat, et duo nomin
Et diversa trahunt unum duo nomina pectus.
trahunt unum pectus diversa.
t
Sæpè ora palleban metu fu- Sæpe metu sceleris pallebant ora futuri ;
turi sceleris : sæpè fervens ira Sæpè suum fervens oculis dabat ira ruborem :
dabat suum ruborem oculis : Et modò nescio quid similis crudele minanti
et modò vultus erat similis
minanti nescio quid crudele ; Vultus erat ; modò quemmisereri credere posses :
modò quemposses credere mi- Cùmque ferus lacrymas animi siccaverat ardor,
serer ; cumqueferus ardor ani- Inveniebantur lacrymæ tamen. Utque carina,
mi siccaverat lacrymas, tamen Quam ventus, ventoque rapit contrarius æstus;
lacrym æinveniebantur. Utque
carina, quam ventus et æstus Vim geminam sentit, paretque incerta duobus.
contrarius vento rapit, sentit Thestias haud aliter dubiis affectibus errat, 214
geminam vim, que incerta pa- Inque vices ponit, positamque resuscitat iram.
ret Thestias haud
aliter dubiis affectibus , que Incipit esse tamen melior germana parente ;
ponit in vices, que resuscitat Et, consanguineas ut sanguine leniat umbras,
positam iram. Tamen germa- Impietate pia est. Nam postquàm pestifer ignis
na incipit esse melior parentè : Convaluit ; Rogus istecremet mea viscera, dixit.
et ut leniat consanguineas um *
bras sanguine, est pia impie- Utque manu dirâ lignum fatale tenebat, 220
tate. Nam postquam pestifer Ante sepulchrales infelix astitit aras ;
ignis convaluit ; dixit, Iste Poenarumque Deæ triplices furialibus, inquit,
rogus cremet mea viscera. Ut
que tenebat fatale lignum dira Eumenides, sacris vultus advertite vestros :
manu, infelix astitit antè se- Ulciscor, facioque nefas. Morsmorte pianda est,
pulchrales aras que inquit,
Eumenides triplices Deæ pœnarum, advertite vestros vultus furialibus sacris : ulciscor, fa
cioque nefas. Mors est pianda morte,

NOTES.

201. Hunc. ] The billet. be pious in avenging the death ofherbrothers,

Fragmina.] Broken and cleft wood, with
which she made the fire.
204. Materque sororque.] Thus we say in
English the mother and the sister, to signify
the affections of a mother and a sister.
205. Diversa.] Different.
Pectus.] The mind.
210. Ferus ardor.] A vehement indignation
of mind.
213. Vim geminam .] A double violence
ofthe wind and tide.
214. Errat.] She wavers in her mind.
216. Melior.] More powerful : her love
for her brothers was prevailing over that for
her son-Parente.]
. Than the mother.
217. Consanguineas umbras.] The souls
of her brothers. - Sanguine.] By the death of
her son. Leniat.] That she may mitigate.
The ancients had a notion that the souls of
the slain were appeased by blood ; hence hu
man sacrifices at the funerals of great men.
218. Impictate pia est. ] Althea seems to
but impious in killing her son.
219. Mea viscera .] My own bowels, i. e.
my own son.
220. Fatale lignum.] The wood fatal to
Meleager.
222. Pœnarumque, &c.] From this to (ipsa
sequar, V. 252. ) you have the conflict in Al
thea's mind ; where, distracted between the
affections of a mother and a sister, she is at a
loss how she ought to act . The mother would
save, the sister would destroy. Meleager
Furialibus.] Proceeding from fury and wrath.
223. Eumenides.] The furies of hell, three
in number, Alecto, Tisiphone, and Magaera :
so called by Antiphrasis, because they arecruel
and implacable, for EE signifies mild.
Advertite vultus. ] View my rites.
224. Ulciscor facioque nefas. ] I amreveng
ing one wicked deed by perpetrating another.
Mors morte pianda est.] The slaughter of
my brethren is to be expiated by the death of
my son. A Polyptoton.
 FAB. 111. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 305

In scelus addendum sèelus est, in funera funus : scelus est addendum in scelus,
Pera coacervatos pereat domus impia luctus. funus in funera : impia domus
pereat per coacervatos luctus.
An felix Oeneus nato victore fruetur, 227 An felix Oeneus fruetur nato
Thestius orbus erit? Meliùs lugebitis ambo. victore, Thestius erit orbus ?
Vos modò, fraterni manus animæque recentes, Ambo lugebitis meliùs. Modò
Officium sentite meum, magnoque paratas 230 tes fraterni manes, que recen
vosanimæ, sentite meum offici
Accipite inferias, uteri mala pignora nostri. um,que accipiteinferias paratas
Hei mihi! Quò rapior? Fratres, ignoscite matri, maguo, mala pignora nostri u
Deficiunt ad cœpta manus. Meruisse fatemur teri Hei mihi ! Quò rapior ?
Fratres ignoscite matri. Mas
Illum cur pereat ; mortis mihi displicet auctor. nus deficiunt ad cœpta. Fate
Ergo impunè feret ? vivusque et victor, et ipso mur illum meruisse curpereat:
Successu tumidus, regnum Calydonis habebit ? auctor mortis displicet mili.
Ergo feret impune? vivusque,
Vos cinis exiguus, gelidæque jacebitis umbræ ? et víctor, et tumidus ipso suc
Haud equidem patiar. Pereat sceleratus ; et ille cessu habebit regnum Calydo
Spemque patris, regnique trahat patriæque rui- nis? Vosjacebitis exiguus cinis,
nam . gelidæque umbræ ? Equidem
[tum ? haud patiar. Sceleratus pereat ;
Mens ubi materna est? Ubi sunt pia vota paren- et ille trahat spem patris, que
Et quos sustinui mensûm bis quinque labores ? ruinam regni patriæque. Ubi
O utinam primis arsisses ignibus infans ; 242 est materna mens ? Et labores
bis quinque mensùm quos sus
Idque ego passa forem ! Vixisti munere nostro ; tinui ? Outinam arsisses infans
Nunc merito moriêre tuo : cape præmia facti, primis ignibus que ego forem
Bisque datam primùm partu, mox stipite rapto, passa id? Vixisti nostro mune
Redde animam ; vel me fraternis adde sepulchris . re; nunc moriêre tuo merito :
cape præmia facti, que redde
Et cupio, et nequeo. Quid agam? Modo vul- animam datam bis primùm
nera fratrum partu mox stipite rapto, vel
Ante oculos mihi sunt, et tantæ cædis imago : adde me fraternis sepulchris.
Et cupio et nequeo. Quid
Nunc animum pietas, maternaque nomina fran agam ? Modò vulnera fratrum
gunt 249 sunt ante oculos mihi, et imago
Me miseram ! Malè vincetis, sed vincite, fratres, tantæ cædis : Nunc pietas ma
Dummodò quæ dedero vobis solatia, vosque, ternaque nominafrangunt ani
1 mum. Me miseram ! Fratres,
Ipsa sequar. Dixit ; dextrâque aversa trementi vincetis malè sed vincite, dum
modò ipsa sequar vos, que solatia quæ dedero vobis. Dixit : que aversa conjecit
a Perque alternatos, &c.

NOTES.

228. Thestius.] My father. billet, which being cast into the fire by the
230. Magnoque.] Procured with a great Parcæ, I did not suffer to be consumed .
price, with the blood of a son. 244. Merito tuo. ] As you have deserved.
232. Quò rapior?] Whether am I hur Facti. ] For thy sin and wickedness.
ried? 245. Stipite. A brand taken from the fire.
234. Mortis, &c. ] But this displeases me, 247. Cupio.] sc. Fratres ulcisci.
that I should be the author of my son's Nequeo.] And I cannot throwthe billet in
death. to the fire, being prevented by the affection
237. Exiguus einis.] A little ashes only. that I have for my son."
239. Patris.] Of Oeneus, who placed all 250. Malè. ] i. e. malo meo, to my distress,
his hopes in his son Meleager. to my misfortune, or vir, with difficulty.
241. Bis quinque.] Ten months, which 251. Dummodò, &c.] Althea has some
time mothers are said to bear their children thoughts of destroying herself.
in their womb. 252. Aversa, &c. There is an ingenious
242. Utinam, &c.] I wish you had been artifice of the poet here and in the former
burnt when an infant, together with that conflict,
Rr
306 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIII.

funereum torrem in medios ig- Funereum torrem medios conjecit in ignes.

nes trementi dextrâ. Ille stipes Aut dedit : aut visus gemitus est ille dedisse
aut dedit aut visus est dedisse
gemitus ; et correptus ab invi- Stipes; et invitis correptus ab ignibus arsit. 255
tis ignibus arsit. Meleagros Inscius atque absens flammâ Meleagros ab illâ
inscius et absens uritur ab illâ Uritur, et cæcis torreri viscera sentit
flamma, et sentit viscera tor
reri cæcis ignibus, ac superat Ignibus, ac magnos superat virtute dolores.
magnosdoloresvirtute. Tamen Quòd tamen ignavo cadat, et sinè sanguine, letho
mæret quod cadatignavo letho, Moret : et Ancæi felicia vulnera dicit. 260
et sine sanguine ; et dicit vul- Grandævumque patrem, fratremque, piasque
nera Ancæi felicia. Que vocat
grandevum patrem, fratrem sorores
que,piasque sorores cum gemi- Cum gemitu , sociamque tori vocat ore supremo;
tu, sociamque tori supremoore : Forsitan et matrem. Crescunt ignisque dolorque,
et forsitan matrem. Ignisque Languescuntque iterùm. Simul est extinctus
dolorque crescuntlanguescunt
que iterùm. Uterque est ex uterque ;
tinctussimul ; quespiritusabiit Inque leves abiit paulatim spiritus auras. 265
paulatim in leves auras. Alta Alta jacet Calydon . Lugent juvenesque senes
Calydonjacet. Juvenesque, se
nesque lugent ; vulgusquepro que ; [pillos
ceresque gemunt : que matres Vulgusque, proceresque gemunt : scissæque ca
CalydonidesEveninæscissæca
pillos planguntur. Genitor fu Planguntur matres Calydonides Eveninæ.
sus humi foedat canitiem que Pulvere canitiem genitor, vultusque seniles,
seniles vultus pulvere : que in- Foedathumifusus ; spatiosumque increpat ævum.
crepat spatiosum ævum. Nam, Nam de matre manus, diri sibi conscia facti 271
manus conscia sibi diri facti ex
egit pœnas de matre, ferro acto Exegit pœnas acto per viscera ferro.
per viscera. Si Deus dedisset Non mihi si centum Deus ora sonantia linguas,
mihi ora sonantia centum lin- Ingeniumque capax, totumque Helicona dedisset,
guas, que capax ingenium, que Tristia persequerer miserarum vota sororum.
totum Helicona, nonperseque- Immemores decoris liventia pectora tundunt ;
rer tristia vota miserarum so
rorum . Immemores decoris Dùmque manet corpus, corpus refoventque fo
tundunt liventia pectera : ventque : 277
dùmque corpus manet, foven- Oscula dant ipsi, posito dant oscula lecto.
que refoventque corpus ; dant
oscula ipsi, dant oscula posito
lecto.

NOTES.

253. Funereum.] Deadly, the cause ofthe
death and funeral of Meleager.
257. Cæcis ignibus. ] With hidden flames.
258. Virtute.] By courage, and magnani
mity.
259. Ignavo letho.] By a mean death ; not
honourable.
260. Mæret.] Grieves.
Ancæi.] Ancæus, who was wounded by the
boar. See above, ver. 142.
262. Sociamquè tori.] His intended bride.
Forsitan. For he knew not that his pain
was the effect of her severity.
264. Languescuntque .] They decrease and
grow less. -Uterque.] Both the fire ofthe
billet and Meleager.
265. Auras.] The poet follows the opinion
of them who think the soul to be air. Hence
it is called a particle of divine air.
266. Jacet. ] Is dejected iu mourning.
267. Scissæque capillos. ] Cutting and tear
ing their hair, as women do in affliction.
268. Planguntur.] Beat their breasts.
269. Pulvere, &c.] To sprinkle themselves
with dust and ashes, was a known expression
ofsorrow among the ancients.
271. Manus . ] scil. sua.
273. Si centum , &c.] The same expression
is very common in Homer and Virgil.
274. Totumque Helicona.] All the Muses. 1
276. Liventia ] They beat their breasts,
and make them black and blue.
277. Manet corpus.] For his body was
still consuming, as the billet, to ashes.
278. Ipsi.] To Meleager, or to the body,
Lecto.] The funeral couch upon which
the corpse was laid.
 FAB. IV. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 30%

Post cinerem, cineres haustos ad pectora versant ; Post cinerem, versant cineres
Affusæque jacent tumulo, signataque a saxo 280 haustos ad pectora : affusæque
Nomina complexæ, lacrymas in nomina fundunt. jacent tumulo, que complexa
nomina signata saxo, fundunt
Quas Parthaoniæ tandem Latoïa clade lacrymas in nomina. Quas La
Exsatiata domûs, præter Gorgenque, nurumque toïa, satiata tandem clade Par
Nobilis Alcmenæ, natis in corpore pennis thanoiæ domùs allevat pennis
Allevat ; et longas per brachia porrigit alas, 285 natis in nuiumque
genque, corpore, præter Gor
nobilisAle
Corneaque ora facit, versasque per aëra mittit. menæ; et porrigit longas alas
per brachia, que facit ora cor
-a saxa -nomine, &c. nea, que mittit versas per aëra.

NOTES,

279. Post cinerem.] There is an unaccount
able ellipsis here : to reduce it to sense, you
must supply it thus, post (forpostquam) in ci
nerem redactum est corpus, for cinerem must
belong to a verb understood.
Haustos.] Lifted in their hands.
Versant.] They apply.
280. Affusæque. ] And lying prostrate on
their faces.- Signata saxo nomina.] The
epitaph or inscription on the tomb.
282, Parthaoniæ.] Of Parthaon, the father
of Oeneus, and grandfather of Meleager.
283. Nurumque nobilis Alcmenæ.] Deian
ira, the wife of Hercules, whose mother was
Alcmena.
285. Allevat .] Lifts up into the air.
287. Corneaque, &c.] And turn their
mouths into birds beaks.
Versas.] Turned into birds called Melea
grides, of Meleager their brother,

EXP. FAB. IV. From history we learn that Oeneus, when making the
annual offering of his first fruits to the gods, neglected paying that respect
to the goddess Diana. This year a furious boar ravaged his country, which
was said to be sent by the goddess in resentment of his neglect of her.-
F Meleager, the king's son, appointed by proclamation a general hunting
match, in which many of the neighbouring princes engaged : viz : Theseus,
Jason, Hygen, &c.; as did the fair Atalanta, of whom Meleager was ena
moured, notwithstanding he was married to Cleopatra, the daughter of Idas
and Marpessa. Atalanta was the first that wounded the animal, whom Me
leager killed, and presented the head and skin to her, which gave so much
offence to Plexippus and Toxeus, his uncles, and so much raised their re
1 sentment, that in an engagement he killed them both, which so much affected
his motherAlthea, that she consigned her son to the Furies, performing at the
same time some magical contrivances, the burning of the taper, &c. The
Curetes made war against the Ætolians, on account of this quarrel ; but
Meleager obliged them to raise the siege of Calydon.

FAB. V. & VI. NYMPHE NAIADES IN INSULAS. PERIMELE IN INSULAM.

Theseus, returning fromthe Calydon chase, is stopped by the inundations of

Achelous, and being invited by the river god, attends him to his grotto.
Their repast over, Achelous relates to him the History of the five Naïades,
who had been changed into the isles Echinades, and an account of his own
amour with the nymph Perimele, whom her Father had thrown into the
sea, and Neptune had transformed into an island,
 308 P. OVIDII - NASONIS LIB. VIII.

Intereà Theseus, functusparte INTEREA Theseus sociati parte laboris

sociati laboris, ibat ad arces Functus, Erechtheas Tritonidos ibat ad arces .
Erechtheas Tritonidos. Ache
lous clausit iter, fecitque moras Clausit iter fecitque moras Achelous eunti,
eunti, tumens imbre. Ait, In- Imbre tumens. Succede meis, ait, inclyte, tectis,
clyte Cecropida, succede meis Cecropida, nec te committe rapacibus undis : 5
tectis, ne committe te rapacibus Ferre trabes solidas, obliquaque volvere magno
undis : solent ferre solidas tra- Murmure saxa solent. Vidi contermina ripæ
bes, que volvere obliqua saxa
s
magno murmure. Vidialta sta Cum gregib stabula alca trahi, nec fortibu illie
us
bula contermina ripa trahi cum Profuit armentis, nec equis velocibus esse.
gregibus, nec profuit illic a Multa quoque hic torrens, nivibus de monte so
mentis esse fortibus, nec equis 10
esse velocibus. Quoquehic tor lutis,
rens, nivibus solutis de monte, Corpora turbineo juvenilia vortice mersit.
mersit multa juvenilia corpora Tutior est requies : solito dùm flumina currant
turbineo vortice. Requies est Limite: dùm tenues capiat suus alveus undas.
tutior; dùm flumina currant
solito limite ; dum suus alveus Annuit Egides ; Utarque, Acheloë, domoque
capiat tenues undas. Egides Consilioque tuo, respondit: et usus utroque est.
annuit ; que respondit, Ache- Pumice multicavo, nec lævibus atria tophis 16
loe, utarque domo tuo que con Structa subit. Molli tellus erat humida
silio : et usus est utroque. Su musco :
bit atria structa multicavo pu- Summa lacunabant alterno murice concha.
mice, nec lævibus tophis. Tel- Jamque duas lucis partes Hyperione menso,
lus erat humida molli musco, Discubuêre toris Theseus comitesque laborum ;
conchæ lacunabant summa al
terno murice. Jamque Hype- Hâc Ixionides , illâ Troezenius heros 21
rione menso duas partes lucis, Parte Lelex, raris jam sparsus tempora canis :
Theseus, comitesque laborum Quosque alios parili fuerat dignatus honore
discubuêretoris: Ixionides hâc,
Træzenius heros Lelex illà Amnis Acarnanum, lætissimus hospite tanto.
parte, jam sparsus tempora ra- Protinus appositas nude vestigia nymphæ 25
ris canis : quosque alios amnis Instruxêre epulis mensas : dapibusque remotis
Acarnanum fuerat dignatus In gemmâ posuere merum. Tummaximus heros
parili honore, lætissimus tanto
hospite. Protinùs nymphænu quora prospiciens oculis subjecta : Quis, in
dæ vestigia, instruxêre appo quit,
sitas mensas epulis : dapibusque
remotis posuere merum in gemmâ. Tùm maximus heros próspiciens æquora subjects
oculis inquit, Quis

NOTES.

1. Sociati.] Confederates that he had with
many others, in killing the boar.
2. Tritonidos.] Athens, which was under
the protection of Pallas, and formerly go
verned by Erechtheus.
4. Achelous.] The son of Oceanus and Te
thys. He courted Dejanira the daughter of
Veneus, the king of Calydonia, but was op
posed and overcome by Hercules ; after which
he hid himself in a river running by Calydo
nia, and gave it his name.
5. Cecropida.] Athenian :
11. Turbineo vortice.] Rolling itself in the
manner of a whirlwind ; for vortex is proper
ly water whirled into itself, and turbo is a force
of wind.
12. Tutior est requies.] It is safer to tarry.
14. Ægides.] Theseus, the son of Ægeus.
16. Lævibus.] Rough, unpolished.
17. Molli musco.] Soft moss.
18. Lacunabant, &c.] Sea shells with va
rious colours, variegated the upper parts of
the cave . -Murice ] Murex is a limpet, of
which a purple colour is made.
19. Hyperione.]`` The Sun.
21. Ixionides ] Pirithous, the son of Ixion,
the constant companion of Theseus.
Trazenius. ] Of Trozene, where Pittheus 1
reigned.
24. Amnis.] Achelous, dividing the Acar
nanians from Ætolia.
25. Nudæ vestigia.] Bare foot.
27. Gemma. ] A cup set with jewels.
Maximus heros. ] Theseus.
FAB. V. METAMORPHOSEON . 309

Ille locus ? digitoque ostendit : et insula nomen ille locus ? que ostendit digite,
Quod gerat illa, doce quanquàm non una videtur. et doce quod nomen illa insula
gerat, quanquàm non videtur
Amnis ad hæc; Non est, inquit, quod cernimus, una Amnis inquit ad hæc :
unum , 31 Quod cernimus, non est unum.
Quinquejacent terræ: spatii discrimina fallunt . Quinque terræ jacent : discri
mina spatii fallunt. Que quo
Quoque minus spretæ factum mirere Dianæ ; minùs mirere factum spretæ
Naïades hæ fuerant ; quæ cùm bis quinque ju Dianæ ; hæ fuerant Naïades :
vencos quæ cùm mactâssent bis quin
Mactâssent, rurisque Deos ad sacra vocâssent, que juvencos, que vocâsseut
Deos ruris ad sacra, duxère
Immemores nostri festas duxêre choreas. 36 festas choreas immemores nos
Intumui ; quantusque feror, cùm plurimus un- tri. Intumui ; queferor tantus,
quam , [dis quantus cùm unquam eram
plurimus ; que pariterimmanis
Tantus eram ; paritèrque animis immanis et un- animis et undis, revelli sylvas à
A sylvis sylvas, et ab arvis arva revelli ; sylvis, et arva ab arvis ; que
Cumque loco Nymphas, memores tùm denique provolvi Nymphas, tùm deni
nostri, 40 que memores nostri in freta
cum loco. Nosterque fluctus
In freta provolvi. Fluctus nosterque marisque marisque diduxit continuam
Continuam diduxit humum ; partesque resolvit humum : que resolvit în toti
In totidem, mediis quot cernis Echinadas undis. dam partes, quot cernis Echi
nadas in mediis undis. Tamen
Ut tamen ipse vides, procùl en procùl, una re ut ipsevides, procùl, en procùl,
cessit 44 unainsula recessit, grata mihi.
Insula, grata mihi. Perimelen navita dicit. Navita dicit Perimelen. Ego
ademi virgineum nomen huic
Huic ego virgineum, dilectæ nomen ademi : dilectæ ; quod pater Hippoda
Quod pater Hippodamas ægrè tulit ; inque pro mas tulit ægre, que propulit
• fundum corpora natæ parituræ e scopu
Propulit è scopulo parituræ corpora natæ . lo in profundum. Excepi, que
ferens nantem, dixi, O Triden
Excepi, nantemque ferens, O proxima cœlo tifer, sortite regna vag undæ
Regna vaga, dixi, sortite, Tridentifer, undæ. proxima coelo, in quo sacri am
In quo desinimus, quò sacri currimus amnes, 51 nes desinimus quò currimus.
Huc ades, atque audi placidus, Neptune, pre- cidus Huc ades Neptune, atque pla
audi precantem . Ego
cantem. [æquus. nocui huic quam porto : sis mi
Huic ego, quam porto, nocui ; a sis mitis, et tis et æquus. Si Hippodamas
esset pater aut minus impius.
Si pater Hippodamas, aut si minus impius esset, debuit misereri illius, ignoscere
Debuit illius misereri, ignoscere nobis. 55 nobis. Neptune, cui tellus
Cui quondam tellus clausa est feritate paternâ quondam est clausa paternâ fe
Affer opem, mersæque precor feritate paternâ, ritate, affer opem, que precor
Da, Neptune, locum : vel sit locus ipsa licebit da locum mersæ paternâ feri
tate : vel licebit ipsa sit locus,
a Si mitis et æquus,---- -Si pater, &c.

NOTES.

32. Fallunt.] Supply oculos or visum. of Hippodamas. - Virgineum nomen.] I de

36. Spreta.] Contemned, slighted.
37. Intumui.] I was enraged.
37. Plurimus .] The greatest.
42. Diduxit.] Divided.
43. Echinades. ] So called of Echinis,
(hedge-hogs. ) with which they abound, or of
Echinus, a certain prophet.
45. Navita.] For Nauta, an Epenthesis.
46. Huic. ] From Perimele, the daughter
prived her of her virginity.
47. Profundum. ] Into the deep.
48. Propulit. ] He cast.
50 Tridentifer.] O. Neptune, who wearest
a Trident in the place of a sceptre.
51. Sacri. ] Because all rivers are said to
have a god.
56. Feritate. ] By the cruelty of thy fa
ther,
310 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIII.

quoque complectar hanc. - Hanc quoque complectar. Movit caput æquo

quoreus rex movit caput : que reus rex :
concussit omnes undas suis as
sensibus. Nymphe extimuit : Concussitque suis omnes assensibus undas. 60
taman nabat : ipse tangebam Extimuit Nymphe ; nabat tamen ; ipse natantiş
pectora natantis, salientia tre- Pectora tangebam, trepido salientia motu.
ea, motu.
pidosensi Dumque
totum contrecto
corpus dures Dumque ea contrecto , totum durescere sensi
cere et præcordia condi terri Corpus, et inductâ condi præcordia terrâ.
inductâ. Dum loquor, nova Dum loquor, amplexa est artus nova terra na
terra amplexa est natantes ar 65
us, et gravis insula increvit tantes,
membris mutatis. Et gravis increvit mutatis insula membris,

NOTES.

61. Nymphe.] Perimele. 64. Præcordia.] Properly the breast. The

62. Salientia.] Panting, as is usual in af- parts that lie before (enclose) the heart are
fright. called Præcordia.

EXP. FÁB . V. & VI. Theseus is entertained by Achelous, who in his nar
rative relates in what manner the five Naïades were changed into the islands
called Echinades, which has no other foundation than that the river Ache
lous, carrying with it into the sea a great quantity of sand and mud, form
ed these islands, which are situated in the Ionian sea. That which relates
to the nymph Perimele, has its foundation, perhaps in similar circumstances ,

FAB. VII. VIII. IX . & x. JUPITER & MERCURIUS IN HOMINUM SPECIES,

CASA BAUCIDIS & PHILEMONIS IN TEMPLUM . BAUCIS & PHILEMON IN
ARBORUM SPECIES. PROTEUS IN VARIAS FIGURAS.

Jupiter and Mercury, having disguised themselves in human forms, are en.
tertained by Philemon and Baucis, after having been refused by the rest
of their neighbours. The gods in acknowledgment of their hospitality,
transform their hut into a temple, of which, at their own request, they
are made priest and priestess ; and after a length of days, the good old
couple are changed into trees. The village of their abode is laid under
water by an inundation , as a punishment for the impiety of its inhabitants,
and turned into a lake. Achelous relates upon this occasion` the sur
prising metamorphosis of Proteus.

bileAmnis tacuit
factum ab his.cunctos.
moverat Mira- AMNIS ab his tacuit. Factum mirabile
cunctos
Natus Ixione irridet creden- Moverat.
tes, utque erat ferox mentis, Irridet credentes, utque Deorum
que spretor Deorum, dixit, Spretor erat, mentisque ferox Ixione natus,

NOTES,

1. Amnis, &c.] Achelous, the god of a ri
ver of that name, was entertaining Theseus
upon his return from the hunt ; and had gi
ven him an account of a strange transforma
tion of some nymphs into islands. This fa
ble begins with acquaintingyou that Achelous
had finished his story, that the company all
wondered, except Ixion, who would not be
lieve it ; upon which the good old Lelex, to
confirm the story Achelous had told, and to
vindicate the power of the gods, gives you
this surprising account of Baucis and Phile
mon.
Ab his.] After these things.
3. Spretor.] A despiser.
Ixione natus.] Pirithous
 FAB. VII. METAMORPHOSEON. 311

Ficta refers, nimiumque putas, Acheloë, potentes refers ficta, Acheloë, que pu
Esse Deos, dixit ; si dant adimuntque figuras. 5 tas Deos esse nimium poten
tes, si dant que adimunt figu
Obstupuêre omnes, nec talia dicta probarunt ; ras. Omnes obstupuêre, nec
Ante omnesque Lelex, animo maturus et ævo, probârunt talia dicta ; que Le
= Sic ait ; Immensa est finemque potentia coli lex, maturus animo et ævo,
Non habet ; et quicquid Superi voluêre perac- ante omnes, ait sic ; Potentia
cœli est immensa , que non ha
1 tum est. 9 bet finem, et quicquid Superi
Quoque minùs dubites, tiliæ contermina quercus voluêre est peractum. Que
Collibus est Phrygiis, modico circumdata muro ; quo minùs dubites, est quercus
contermina tiliæ Phrygiis col
Ipse locum vidi : nam me Pelopeïa Pittheus libus, circumdata modico mu
Misit in arva, suo quondam regnata parenti. ro; ipse vidi locum : nam
Haud procul hinc stagnum est, tellus habitabi- Pittheus misit me in Pelopeïa
lis olim ; [undæ, arva suopro
renti.quondam regnata
Est stagnum haud pa
Nunc celebres mergis fulicisque palustribus cul hinc, olim habitabilis tel
4813

Jupiter hac, specie mortali, cumque parente 16 lus, nunc undæ celebres mergis
Venit Atlantiades positis caducifer alis. que palustribus fulicis. Jupi
Mille domosadiêre, locum requiemque petentes : ter venit huc mortali specie,
Atlantiades caducifer cum
Mille domos clausêre seræ : tamen una recepit, que
parente, alis positis . Adiêre
Parva quidem, stipulis et cannâ tecta palustri : mille domos, petentes locum
Sed pia Baucis anus, parilique ætate Philemon, que requiem ; sera clausêre
mille domos : tamen unarece
Illa sunt annis juncti juvenilibus : illâ 22
pit, parva quidem tecta stipulis
Consenuêre casâ : paupertatemque fatendo et palustri cannâ : sed Baucis
Effecêre levem, nec iniquâ mente ferendam. pia anus, que Philemon parili
ætate, illâ casâ sunt juncti ju
013 Nec refert dominos illic famulosne requiras ; venilibus annis, illâ consenu
Tota domus duo sunt, îdem parentque
jubent- êre : que effecère paupertatem
que. 26 levem fatendo, nec ferendam
Ergo ubi cœlicolæ parvos tetigêre penates, iniquâ mente. Nec refert re
Submissoque humiles intrarunt vertice postes ; quiras illic dominos famulos
ne :duo sunt tota domus, îdem
Membra senex posito jussit relevare sedili, parentque jubentque. Ergo
Quo super injecit textum rude sedula Baucis. ubi cœlicola tetigêre parvos
penates, que intrârunt hu
miles postes submisso vertice, senex jussit relevare membra posito sedili, super quo sedula
Baucis injecit rude textum.

NOTES..

5. Si dant, &c.] If they can both give and
take away forms from things.
7. Maturus.] Wise and good.
8. Coeli.] Of heavenly deities, a metony
my ofthe subject.
10. Quoque.] And that, for que is enclitick
here.Contermina .] Near to.
12. Pelopeïa arva.] Phrygia, for Pelops was
the son of Tantalus, who had been the king
of Phrygia .
13. Parenti.] To Pelops.
15. Celebres.] Frequented.
Palustribus. That delight in marshes.
16. Mortali.] Turned into human shape.
17. Atlantiades.] Mercury bearing a mace.
19. Clausêre seræ. Ovid is sometimes
careless in his composition, and conspicuous
ly so in the disagreeable jingle of these two
words.
Seræ.] Bolts.
21. Parilique ] Alike and equal.
26. Domus. ] The family -Parentque.]
They are both master and servant.
27. Cœlicol æ. ] Jupiter and Mercury, inha
bitants of heaven.
Tetigêre ] Came to the cottage.
29. Senex. Philemon.
Relevare.] To rest them as seeming heary
with weariness. For Philemon bids them sit
down. Sedili.] A seat being set.
30. Super ] Upon which. Here is an
Anastrophe of the preposition, which is put
after its case.
Rude.] Coarse.
 312 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIII.

Indè dimovittepidum cinerem Indè foco tepidum cinerem dimovit, et ignes 31

foco, et suscitat hesternos ignes, Suscitat hesternos, foliisque et cortice sicco
que nutrit foliis et sicco cor
tice, et producit flammas anili Nutrit, et ad flammas animâ producit anili :
animâ: que detulit multifidas Multifidasque faces, ramaliaque arida tecto
faces que arida ramalia tecto, Detulit, et minuit, parvoque admovit aheno. 35
et minuit, que admovit parvo
abeno. Que truncat olus fo- Quodque suus conjux riguo collegerat horto,
his, quod suus conjux, colle- Truncat olus foliis : furca levat ille bicorni
gerat riguo horto: ille levat Sordida terga suis, nigro pendentia tigno ;
bicorni furcâ sordida terga Servatoque diu resecat de tergore partem
suis, pendentia nigro tigno ;
que resecat exiguam partem de Exiguam, sectamque domat ferventibus undis.
tergore servato diu, que domat Intereà medias fallunt sermonibus horas, 41
sectam ferventibus undis, In- Sentirique moram prohibent. Erat alveus illic
tereà fallunt medias horas ser
monibus, queprohibent moram Fagineus, curvâ clavo suspensus ab ansâ ;
sentiri. Erat illic fagineus Is tepidis impletur aquis, artusque fovendos
alveus, suspensus ab curvà an- Accipit. a In medio torus est de mollibus ulvis
sâ clavo : Is impletur tepidis
aquis, que accipit artus foven- Impositus lecto, sponda pedibusque salignis. 46
dos. Est torus in medio de Vestibus hunc velant, quas non nisi tempore festo
mollibus ulvis impositus lecto, Sternere consuêrant; sed et hæe vilisque vetus
sponda que pedibus salignis. Vestis erat, lecto non indignanda saligno. [que
Velant huncvestibus, quasnon Accubuêre Dei. Mensam succincta tremensque
consuêrant sternere nisi festo
tempore ; sed et hæc vestis erat Ponit anus ; mensæ sed erat pes tertius impar :
vilisque vetusque, non indig- Testa parem fecit : quæ postquam subdita clivum
randa saligno lecto. Dei ac- Sustulit, æquatam menthæ extersêre virentes.
cubuêre. Anus succincta que Ponitur hie bicolor sincere bacca Minervæ, 54
tremens ponit mensam : sed
tertius pes mensæ erat impar, testa fecit parem : quæ postquàm subdita sustulit clivum, vi
rentes menthæ extersére æquatam. Hic ponitur bicolor bacca sinceræ Minerva,
a- Inde torum sternunt de mollibus ulvis
Impositum lecto, &c.
b-lecto tamen haud indigna saligno.

NOTES.

31. Inde foco, &c ] Boys of the least atten
tion will observe in every line of this enter
tainment, the narrow circumstances, the fru
gality and good management, and yet at the
same time, the generous hospitality of this
old couple. > wood, or a pot, or something like it.
32. Suscitat.] A metaphor taken from a
man asleep.
33. Ad flammas producit.] She raises it to
a blaze.
34. Tecto detulit.] For the branches were
stuck in the thatch.
35. Minuit.] She brake and made small.
The poet elegantly describes the furniture
and way oflife of a poor countryman.
36. Suus conjux. ] Philemon .
37. Truncat.] Cuts offthe leaves from the
herbs, leaving the stem and stalk.
Furcâ levat. ] He supports the chine of
pork with a fork, while he cuts off a slice,
or he takes it down with a fork,
38. Sordida ] Smoky.
Suis.] The genitive of sus.
39. Tergore. From the back (the flitch.)
40. Domat.] Softens and boils.
41. Fallunt.] They pass away .
43. Fagineus.] A vessel made of beech
Suspensus. ] Hung upon a ring (handle.)
44. Artusque.] To wash the feet after the
manner of the ancients.
46. Salignis.] Made of a willow.
47. Velant.] They cover.
48. Sternere.] To lay and spread uponthe
bed.
49. Indignanda.] Not unfit, well agreeing.
52. Clivum sustulit.] Removed the uneven.
ness.
53. Mentha.] An herb of a sweet scent,
mint.
Extersêre.] They made clean.
54. Sinceræ.] Olives, they are dedicated to
Minerva, a perfect virgin.
 FAB. X. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 313

= Conditaque in liquidâ corna autumnalia fæce, que autumnalia corna condita

Intubaque, et radix, et lactis massa coacti, 56 in liquidâ fæce, que intuba, et
radix, et massa coacti lactis,
Ovaque, non acri leviter versata favillâ : que ova, leviter versata in non
- Omnia fictilibus. Post hæc cœlatus eâdem acri favillâ omnia fictilibus.
Post hæc cœlatus crater eâdem
= Sistitur argillà crater, fabricataque fago argillà que pocula fabricata
Pocula, quà cava sunt, flaventibus illita ceris. fago, illita quà sunt cava fla
Parva mora est : epulasque foci misêre calentes, ventibus ceris. Parva est mora,
Nec longæ rursus referuntur vina senectæ. 62 que foci misêre calentes epulas,
Dantque locum mensis paulùm seducta secundis. vina nec longæ sencctæ refe
runtur, rursus seducta paulùm
Hic nux, hic mista est rugosis carica palmis, dant locum secundis mensis.
Prunaque, et in patulis redolentia mala canistris, Hic est nux, hìc est carica
Et de purpureis collectæ vitibus uvæ ; 66 mixta rugosis palmis, que pru
Candidus in medio favus est : Super omnia vultus na,
tulisetcanistris.
redolentia
Etmala in pa
uvæ collec
Accessêre boni, nec iners pauperque voluntas. tæ de purpureis vitibus ; can
didus favus est in medio. Su
Intereà, quoties haustum cratera repleri
Sponte suâ, per seque vident succrescere vina, per omnia boni vultus accessére,
nec iners quepauper voluntas.
Attoniti novitate pavent, manibusque supinis 71 Intereà quoties vident cratera
Concipiunt Baucisque preces timidusque Phi haustum repleri sponte sua,
lemon : que vina succrescere per se,
attoniti novitate pavent, que
Et veniam dapibus, nullisque paratibus orant. Baucis que timidus Philemon
Unicus anser erat, minimæ custodia villæ, concipiunt preces supinis ma
Quem Dîs hospitibus domini mactare parabant : nibus, et orant veniam dapibus,
que nullis paratibus. Erat
Ille celer pennâ tardos ætate fatigat, 1 unicus anser, custodia minimæ
villæ, quem domini parabant mactare Dîs hospitibus : ille celer penuâ fatigat tardos ætate,

NOTES.

55. Autumnalia. ] Growing ripe in Autumn, 63. Seducta. ] Set apart.

Fæce.] In pickle. 64. Carica.] A sort of dried figs.
56. Lactis coacti.] Curds or cheese. Palmis.] With the wrinkled and dried fruits
57. Acri.] In a slow, not hasty fire. of the Palm-tree.
58. Omnia. ] Scil. ponuntur. 67. Super.] And above all things (especi
Fictilibus.] In vessels made of clay. So ally) they shew them that they are heartily
called of fingendo, i. e. forming ; whence alsowelcome. Vultus boni.] A cheerful counte
comes the word Figuli, potters, who form nance.
their work of chalk and clay, and also Figu 69. Haustum.] The pitcher being emptied.
i lina, or Figlina,
those sort of workstheare work-house
wrought. in which Cratera.] The Greek accusative of crater.
70. Succrescere,] To rise up.
59. Sistitur.] Is placed upon the table. 71. Supinis.] Uplifted. When the ancients
Argilla.] Which are of earthen ware. prayed to the gods above, they turned up the
Crater.] Or cratera, was a great vessel, in palms of their hands to heaven ; when to the
which they kept the wine for dinner ; out of gods below, they turned them down ; and in
it they drew as they wanted in cups, pocula : Homer, where you find Achilles addressing
They had also a stand for this crater to be himself to a goddess of the sea, he only stretch.
#placed on, which was elegantly adorned in ed forth his hands, as ofεyvus .
S the houses ofthe Great, and the crater itself .
# 72. Concipiunt. ] They begin to pray.
crowned with garlands of flowers, 74. Unicus. This word implies, only, sin
Fago. Of a mast-bearing tree, of the wood gle, and therefore also beloved. unicus filius,
of which vessels are made. an only, a beloved son, unicus anser, an only.
60. Quâ cava sunt.] i. e . within, where a beloved, a pet goose.
they are hollow. 75. Dîs.] For Jupiter and Mercury, whom
61. Epulasque. ] Warm food. they had entertained.
62. Nec longæ.] New wine, and therefore 76. Ille.] The Goose.- Celer, &c.] The op
cheap ; old wines were ever in esteem. position in this line is obvious to every boy.
Ss '
314 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIII.

que eludit diu : tandem visus Eluditque diu ; tandemque est visus ad ipsos
est confugisse ad Deos ipsos; Confugisse Deos ; superi vetuêre necari :
superi vetuêre necari : quedix
erunt, sumus Dî, que impia Dique sumus, meritasque luet vicinia pœnas
vicinia luet meritas poenas: da- Impia, dixerunt ; vobis immunibus hujus 80
bitur vobis esse immunibus Esse mali dabitur : modó vestra relinquite tecta;
hujus mali : modo relinquite Ac nostros comitate gradus, et in ardua montis
vestra tecta ; ac comitate nos
tros gradus, et ite simul in Ite simul. Parent : et, Dis præeuntibus, ambo
ardua montis. Parent : et Dis Membra levant baculis, tardique senilibus annis
præeuntibus, ambo levant Nituntur longo vestigia ponere clivo. 85
membra baculis, que tardi se
nilibus annis nituntur ponere Tantum aberant summo, quantum semel ire
vestigia longo clivo. Tantum sagitta
aberant summo, quantum sa- Missa potest ; flexêre oculos et mersa palude
gitta missa semel potest ire :
flexêre oculos, et prospiciunt Cætera prospiciunt, tantùm sua tecta manere.
cætera mersa palude, tantùm Dumque ea mirantur, dum deflent fata suorum,
sua tecta manere. Que dum Illa vetus dominis et jam casa parva duobus, 90
mirantur ea, dum deflent fata Vertitur in templum ; furcas subiêre columnæ,
suorum, illa vetus casa, et jam
parva duobus dominis,vertitur Stramina flavescunt, adopertaque marmore tellus,
in templum; columnæ subiêre Cœlatæque fores, aurataque tecta videntur.
furcas, stramina flavescunt, que Talia cùm placido Saturnius edidit ore :
tellus adoperta marmore, que Dicite, juste senex, et fœmina conjuge justo 95
fores cœlatæ, que tecta viden
tur aurata. Cùm Saturnius Digna, quid optetis. Cum Baucide pauca lo
edidit talia placido ore ; juste cutus
senex, et fœmina digna justo Judicium Superis aperit commune Philemon.
conjuge, dicite quid optetis. Esse sacerdotes, delubraque vestra tueri
Philemon, locutus pauca cum
Baucide, aperit commune ju- Poscimus : et quoniam concordes egimus annos,
dicium Superis. Poscimus esse Auferat hora duos eadem ; nec conjugis unquam
sacerdotes, et tueri vestra de- Busta meæ videam, neu sim tumulandus ab illa.
lubra : et quoniam egimus Vota fides sequitur : templi tutela fuêre,
102
annos concordes, eadem hora
auferat duos ; nec unquam vi
deam busta meæ conjugis, néu sim tumulandus ab illâ. Fides sequitur vota ; fuêre tutela
templi,

NOTES.

80. Impia.] Their inhospitable neighbours.
Immunibus.] Free from, exempted from.
81. Hujus mali.] This threatened punish
ment.
Modò.] Only.
82. Comitate.] From comito, which is some
times used, though comitor is a deponent verb.
83. Simul.] Come ye along with us.
85. Nituntur.] They endeavour to get up
the long steep place.
88. Tecta.] Their cottage.
Manere ] To stand, to remain.
89. Deflent.] They bewail.
Fata. Misfortune.
Suorum.] Oftheir neighbours. N. B. The
two verses which are commonly found in
other editions, besides that of Nic. Heinsius,
Mersa vident, &c. and Solo loco, are accounted
spurious by all learned men.
90. Jam.] In times past.Casa.] Country
peoples' houses are properly called Casa.
91. Furcas. The forks were turned into
columns ; for he writes, that Philemon's house
wastransformed into a stately temple (church.)
Saubiêre. ] Came in the place of, succeed
ed.
92. Adopertaque.] The floor ofthe church
paved with marble .
97. Judicium.] Wish, desire.
Aperit.] He shews, manifests.
98. Delubraque. ] And to keep your tem
ples.
99: Concordes.] We have lived peaceably
and quietly.
100. Duas.] Both.
101. Busta.] The funerals ; to be buried.
102. Nota.] For Jupiter, according to his
promise, granted them what they asked for.
Fides.] Success.Tutela.] Keepers of
the temple, or priests.
FAB. X. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 315

Donec vita data est. Annis ævoque soluti, donec vita data est. Soluti an
Ante gradus templi cùm starent fortè, locique nis ævoque, cùm fortè starent
Narrarent a casus, frondere Philemona Baucis, ante gradus templi, que narra
rent casus loci, Baucis (con
Baucida conspexit senior frondere Philemon . spexit) Philemona frondere,
Jamque superb géminos crescente cacumine senior Philemon conspexit
Baucida frondere. Que jam
vultus, 107 cacumine crescente super ge
Mutua, dum licuit, reddebant dicta ; Valèque, minos vultus, dum licuit, red
O conjux, dixêre simul : simul abdita texit debant mutua dicta ; que dix
Ora frutex. Ostendit adhue Tyaneïus illic êre simul, o conjux vale : si
mul frutex texit abdita ora.
Incola de gemino vicinos corpore truncos . 111 Tyaneïus incola adhuc ostendit
Hæc mihinon vani, (nec erat cur fallere vellent, ) illic vicinos truncos de gemino
Narravêre senes : equidem pendentia vidi corpore. Non vání senes, (nec
erat cur vellent fallere,) hæc
Serta super ramos, ponensque recentia, dixi, narravêré mihi : equidem vidi
Cura pii Dîs sunt, et qui coluêre coluntur. 115 serta pendentia super ramos,
Desierat : cunctosque et res et moverat auctor ; que ponens recentia, dixi, pii
Thesea præcipuè : quem facta audire volentem sunt cura Dîs, et qui coluêre
coluntur. Desierat : que res
Mira Deûm, nixus cubito Calydonius amnis et auctor moverat cunctos ;
Talibus alloquitur. Sunt, ô fortissime, quorum præcipuè Thesea : quem vo
Formasemel mota est, in hoc renovamine mansit. lentem audire mira facta De
ùm, Calydonius amnis nixus
Sunt, quibus in plures jus est transire figuras ; cubitoalloquitur talibus. Sunt,
Ut tibi, complexi terram maris incola, Proteu. & fortissime, forma quorum est
Nam modò te juvenem, modò te vidêre leonem ; semel mota, mansit in hoc re
Nunc violentus aper ; nunc, quem tetigisse ti- novamine. Sunt, quibusjus est
transire in plures figuras ; ut
merent, 124 tibi, Proteu, incola maris com
Anguis eras ; modò te faciebant cornua taurum. plexi terram . Nam modò vidê
Sæpe lapis poteras, arbor quoque sæpe videri ; ré te juvenem, modò leonem ;
nunc violentus aper, nunc eras
Interdum, faciemliquidarum imitatus aquarum, anguis quem timerent tetigis
Flumen eras ; interdum undis contrarius ignis. se ; modò cornua faciebant te
taurum . Sæpe poteras videri
tapis, quoque sæpe arbor ; interdum, imitatus faciem liquidarum aquarum, eras flumen ; in
terdum ignis contrarius undis.
a Inciperent. b gelidos.

NOTES.

103. Annis.] Stricken in age. 114. Serta.] Garlands, so called of serendis

104. Locique.] The things which had hap.
pened to that place.
105. Frondere.] To send (put) forth leaves.
They were both turned into trees, Philemon
into an oak, and Baucis into a tell-tree, as
they say.
107. Cacumine.] On the top of their head ;
he intimates that their hair was turned into
leaves.
108. Dum.] As long as they were able.
110. Tyaneïus.] The inhabitants of Tyana,
a town in Cappadocia.
111. Gemino.] Made of the two bodies of
Baucis and Philemon.
112. Non vani.] Not vain, not false, but in
serious truth.- Nec erat.] Scil. enim.
113. Equidem.] Lelex provesby arguments
what he related to be true.
1
floribus, for in ancient times garlands were
hung up in groves and trees.
Ponensque.] And placing fresh ones there.
116. Desierat.] That is to say, Lelex, to
speak.- Res.] The wonderful thing.
Auctor.] Lelex, who had related.
118. Calydonius. ] Achelous.
120. Mota.] Changed.
Renovamine.] In this renovation.
121. Jus ] The faculty and power.
122. Terram.] For the ocean encompasses
(embraces) the earth.
Proteu.] Proteus, the son of Oceanus and
Tethys, a famous prophet, who turned himself
into various shapes. Some mythologists make
him a very sagacious king, others a politician,
and others a rhetorician.
316 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIII

EXP. FAB. VII . VIII. IX. & x. The fable of Philemon and Baucis, related
by our poet in so easy and natural a manner, is one of those which displays
the hospitality the ancients were remarkable for, and which seldom went
unrewarded. The persons in this fable are not so much as guessed at, so
totally are they unknown in history ; nor would I choose, with Mr. Huet,
to make so bold a conjecture, as to suppose it a disfiguration of the visit
the angels made to Abraham ; yet I am satisfied that Ovid is indebted to
the sacred writings (whose language we can have no doubt of his being
familiar with ) for many of the fine allusions and embellishments given to
his fables. The fable of Proteus is ingenious and entertaining, affording
the mind a pleasing expanse. We may suppose him an orator, who never
failed to gain his auditors by the force of his eloquence ; and Herodotus
says Proteus was a prince extremely wise, just, and eloquent. From his
experience he knew what was to happen ; and his prudence was such, as
made his designs impenetrable ; and as it was said, he must be surprised
and tied bythose who had a mind to discover them. Sometimes he is seen in
the midst of his soldiers , as a shepherd in the midst of his flock : these are
the flocks of Neptune, which it is said he had the care of. Passionate and
violent to such excess, as he is said to be all on fire ; but so much master
of his passions, as to appear in a moment calm and unruffled. From all
this we may suppose the poet intended an allegorical delineation of a king,
wise and foreseeing, subtle and contriving ; and not the history of the fabu
lous Proteus said to change his form and figure.

FAB. XI. METRA IN VARIAS Species.

Achelous continues his relation with the story of Metra, daughter of Eri
sichthon, who was attacked with an insatiable hunger, for having sacri
legiously cut down an oak, sacred to the goddess Ceres. Metra begged
of Neptune, who had been in love with her, the power of assuming dif
ferent shapes ; that she might, if possible, satisfy her father's voracious
appetite. For this purpose Erisichthon was frequently obliged to expose
her to sale, but he always recovered her again, from the power she had
of changing her form ; and this he continued to do until the deception
became publicly known. At last he became the avenger of his own
impiety, by being forced to devour himself.

Nec conjux Autolyci nata NEC minus Autolyci conjux Erisicthone nata
Erisicthone habet minusjuris.
Pater hujus erat qui sperneret Juris habet. Pater hujus erat qui numina
numina Divûm, et adoleret Divûm
nullos honores aris. Etiam Sperneret, et nullos aris adoleret honores.
ille dicitur violâsse Cereale né- Ille etiam Cereale nemus violâsse securi
mus securi,

NOTES.

1. Conjux.] Metra, the daughter of Eri that she could turn herself, into various
sichthon. was married to Autolycus, the ma shapes.
ternal uncle of Ulysses. 3. Nullos.] And would offer no burnt of
Nata. ] Erisicthon was a Thessalian, a fering to the gods.
contemner of the Gods. 4. Ille.] Erisicthon.
2. Juris.] Less of power than Proteus, sc. Cereale.] Consecrated to Ceres.
 FAB. XI. METAMORPHOSEON. 317

Dicitur, et lucos ferro temerâsse vetustos. 5 ettemerâsse vetustos lucos fer

Stabat in his ingens annoso robore quercus ; ro. Ingens que cus annoso ro
Una nemus : vittæ mediam, memoresque tabellæ, bore stabat in his ; una nemus :
vittæ,que memores tabellæ,que
Sertaque cingebant, voti argumenta potentis . serta cingebant mediam, argu
Sæpe sub hâc Dryades festas duxêre choreas ; menta potentis voti. Dryades
Sæpe etiam, manibus nexis ex ordine, trunci 10 sæpe duxère festas choreas sub
Circumiêre modum : mensuraque roboris ulnas hâc ; etiam
modum sæpe
trunei circumiêre
manibus nexis
Quinque ter implebat : nec non et cætera tanto ex ordine ; que mensura ro
Sylva sub hâc omnis, quanto fuit herba sub illâ. boris implebat ter quinque ul
Nec tamen idcircò ferrum Triopeïus illâ nas ; et nec non omnis cætera
sylvasubhâc quanto her
tantoTamen
Abstinuit : famulosque jubet succidere sacrum ba fuit sub illâ. nee
Robur :: et, ut jussos cunctari vidit, ab uno 16 Triopeius idcirco abstinuit fer
Edidit hæc raptâ sceleratus verba securi : rum ; que jubet famulos suc
cidere sacrum robur : et ut
Non dilecta Deæ solùm, sed et ipsa licebit
viditjussos cunctari, sceleratus,
Sit Dea, jam tanget frondente cacumine terram. rapta securi ab uno, edidit
Dixit : et, obliquos dum telum librat in ictus, bæc verba : Non solum sit
Contremuit , gemitumque dedit Deoïa quercus ; bitdilecta jamsed
Dea,Deæ, et ipsa
tanget lice
terram
Et paritèr frondes, paritèr pallescere glandes frondente cacumine. Dixit :
Copêre, ac longi a sudore madescere rami. et dum librat telum in obli
I Cujus ut in trunco fecit manus impia vulnus, quos ictus, Deoïa quercus con
Haud aliter fluxit discussâ cortice sanguis, 25 tremuit, que dedit gemitum ;
et paritèr frondes, et pariter
Quam solet, ante aras ingens ubi victima taurus glandes cœpêre pallescere, ac
Concidit, abruptâ cryor è cervice profundi. longi rami madescere sudore.
Obstupuêre omnes : aliquisque ex omnibus audet In truncocujus ut impiamanus
Detererre nefas, sævamque inhibere bipennim . fecit vulnus, sanguis fluxit dis
cussâ cortice, haud aliter quâm
Aspicit hunc, Mentisque piæ cape præmia dixit cruor solet profundi è abruptî
Thessalus : inque virum convertit ab arbore fer. cervice, ubi ingens taurus con
:
cidit victimaante aras. Omnes
rum, 31
obstupuère : aliquisque ex om
Detruncatque caput, repetitaque robora cædit. nibus audet deterrere nefas,
Editus è medio sonus est cum robore talis : que inhibere sævum bipen
Nympha sub hôc ego sum, Cereri gratissima, ligno ; nim. Thessalus aspicit hune
Quæ tibi factorum pœnas instare tuorum que dixit, Cape præmia pia
mentis : que convertit ferrum
ab arbore in virum, que de
truncat caput, quæ cædit repetita robora. Cum talis sonus est editus è medio robora ; ego
sum Nympha sub hoc ligno, gratissima Cereri ; quæ moriens vaticinor, pœnas tuorum fac
torum instare tibi, a pallorem ducere rami,

NOTES.

5. Temerasse. To have violated. 14. Triopeius.] Erisicthon. Triopa wasthe

6. Anposa.] Of an old stump (stock . )
7. Una.] Itself a grove.
Memoresque.] Recording tablets.
8. Argumenta.] Signs and proofs.
9. Dryades. ] Nymphs or goddesses of the
groves, of rs deuds.
11. Circumiêre.] They encompassed.
12. Nec non.] That oak was as much larger
than the others in the wood, as the others
surpassed herbs,
father of Erisicthon.Illâ.] From that oak.
21. Deoia. Belonging to Ceres, of T
Δηοῦς .
25. Discussâ.] Violently rent.
27. Abrupta.] The neck being cut off.
Profundi.] To be shed abroad.
29. Deterrere] To dissuade with terror.
31. Thessalus .] Erisicthon.
35. Instare.] To hang over the head, to be
at band.
316 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIII

EXP. FAB. VII. VIII. IX. & X. The fable of Philemon and Baucis, related
by our poet in so easy and natural a manner, is one of those which displays
the hospitality the ancients were remarkable for, and which seldom went
unrewarded. The persons in this fable are not so much as guessed at, so
totally are they unknown in history ; nor would I choose, with Mr. Huet,
to make so bold a conjecture, as to suppose it a disfiguration of the visit
the angels made to Abraham ; yet I am satisfied that Ovid is indebted to
the sacred writings (whose language we can have no doubt of his being
familiar with ) for many of the fine allusions and embellishments given to
his fables. The fable of Proteus is ingenious and entertaining, affording
the mind a pleasing expanse. We may suppose him an orator, who never
failed to gain his auditors by the force of his eloquence ; and Herodotus
says Proteus was a prince extremely wise, just, and eloquent. From his
experience he knew what was to happen ; and his prudence was such, as
made his designs impenetrable ; and as it was said, he must be surprised
and tied by those who had a mind to discover them. Sometimes he is seen in
the midst of his soldiers , as a shepherd in the midst of his flock : these are
the flocks of Neptune, which it is said he had the care of. Passionate and
violent to such excess, as he is said to be all on fire ; but so much master
of his passions, as to appear in a moment calm and unruffled . From all
this we may suppose the poet intended an allegorical delineation of a king,
wise and foreseeing, subtle and contriving ; and not the history of the fabu
lous Proteus said to change his form and figure.

FAB. XI. METRA IN VARIAS SPECIES.

Achelous continues his relation with the story of Metra, daughter of Eri
sichthon, who was attacked with an insatiable hunger, for having sacri
legiously cut down an oak, sacred to the goddess Ceres. Metra begged
of Neptune, who had been in love with her, the power of assuming dif
ferent shapes ; that she might, if possible, satisfy her father's voracious
appetite. For this purpose Erisichthon was frequently obliged to expose
her to sale, but he always recovered her again, from the power she had
of changing her form ; and this he continued to do until the deception
became publicly known. At last he became the avenger of his own
impiety, by being forced to devour himself.

Nec conjux Autolyci nata NEC minus Autolyci conjux Erisicthone nata
Erisicthone habet minus juris.
Pater hujus erat qui sperneret Juris habet. Pater hujus erat qui numina
numina Divûm, et adoleret Divûm
nullos honores aris. Etiam Sperneret, et nullos aris adoleret honores.
ille dicitur violâsse Cereale né- Ille etiam Cereale nemus violâsse securi
mus securi,

NOTES.

1. Conjux.] Metra, the daughter of Eri that she could turn herself, into various
sichthon. was married to Autolycus, the ma shapes.
ternal uncle of Ulysses. 3. Nullos.] And would offer no burnt-of
Nata.] Erisicthon was a Thessalian, a fering to the gods.
contemner ofthe Gods. 4. Ille.] Erisicthon.
2. Juris.] Less of power than Proteus, sc. Cereale.] Consecrated to Ceres.
FAB. XI. METAMORPHOSEON. 317

Dicitur, et lucos ferro temerâsse vetustos. 5 et temerâsse vetustos lucos fer

Stabat in his ingens annoso robore quercus ; ro. Ingens que: cus annoso ro
Una nemus : vittæ mediam , memoresque tabellæ, bore stabat in his ; una nemus :
vitta,que memores tabellæ,que
Sertaque cingebant, voti argumenta potentis.
serta cingebant mediam, argu
Sæpe sub hâc Dryades festas duxêre choreas ; menta potentis voti. Dryades
Sæpe etiam, manibus nexis ex ordine, trunci 10 sæpe duxère festas choreas sub
Circumiêre modum : mensuraque roboris ulnas hâc ; etiam sæpe circumiêre
modum trunei manibus nexis
Quinque ter implebat : nec non et cætera tanto ex ordine ; que mensura ro
Sylva sub hâc omnis, quanto fuit herba sub illâ. boris implebat ter quinque ul
Nec tamen idcircò ferrum Triopeïus illâ nas ; et nec non omnis cætera
to
Abstinuit : famulosque jubet succidere sacrum sylva sub hâc tanto quanen her
ba fuit sub illâ. Tam nec
Robur : et, ut jussos cunctari vidit, ab uno 16 Triopeïus idcirco abstinuit fer
Edidit hæc raptâ sceleratus verba securi : rum ; que jubet famulos suc
cidere sacrum robur : et ut
Non dilecta Deæ solùm, sed et ipsa licebit
viditjussos cunctari, sceleratus ,
Sit Dea, jam tanget frondente cacumine terram.
rapta securi ab uno, edidit
Dixit : et, obliquos dum telum librat in ictus, hæc verba : Non solum sit
Contremuit, gemitumque dedit Deoïa quercus; bit ta Deæ,
dilecDea, jamsed et ipsa
tanget lice
terram
Et paritèr frondes, paritèr pallescere glandes frondente cacumine. Dixit :
Copêre, ac longi a sudore madescere rami. et dum librat telum in obli
Cujus ut in trunco fecit manus impia vulnus, quos ictus, Deoïa quercus con
Haud aliter fluxit discussâ cortice sanguis, 25 tremuit, que dedit gemitum ;
et paritèr frondes, et pariter
Quam solet, ante aras ingens ubi victima taurus glandes cœpêre pallescere, ac
Concidit, abruptâ cryor è cervice profundi. longi rami madescere sudore.
In
Obstupuêre omnes : aliquisque ex omnibus audet fecitvulnus, ut fluxit dis
sanguis
Detererre nefas, sævamque inhibere bipennim. cussâ cortice, haud aliter quâm
Aspicit hunc, Mentisque piæ cape præmia dixit cruor solet profundi è abruptî
Thessalus :: inque virum convertit ab arbore fer. cervice, ubi ingens taurus con
cidit victimaante aras. Omnes
rum, 31 obstupuère aliquisque om
: ex
Detruncatque caput, repetitaque robora cædit. nibus audet deterrere nefas,
Editus è medio sonus est cum robore talis : que inhibere sævum bipen
Nympha sub hôc ego sum, Cereri gratissima , ligno ; nim. Thessalus aspicit hunc
Quæ tibi factorum pœnas instare tuorum que dixit, Cape præmia pia
mentis : que convertit ferrum
ab arbore in virum, que de
truncat caput, quæ cædit repetita robora. Cum talis sonus est editus è medio robora ; ego
sum Nympha sub hoc ligno, gratissima Cereri ; quæ moriens vaticinor, pœnas tuorum fac
torum instare tibi, a pallorem ducere rami ,

NOTES.

5. Temerasse. To have violated. 14. Triopeïus.] Erisicthon. Triopa wasthe

6. Annosa.] Of an old stump (stock .)
7. Una.] Itself a grove.
Memoresque.] Recording tablets.
8. Argumenta.] Signs and proofs.
9. Dryades.] Nymphs or goddesses of the
groves, of τῆς δρυός.
11. Circumiêre.] They encompassed.
12. Nec non.] That oak was as much larger
than the others in the wood, as the others
surpassed herbs.
father of Erisicthon.- 1llâ.] From that oak.
21. Deoïa. Belonging to Ceres, of Tys
Δηοῦς .
25. Discussâ.] Violently rent.
27. Abrupta.] The neck being cut off.
Profundi.] To be shed abroad.
29. Deterrere] To dissuade with terror.
31. Thessalus.] Erisicthon.
35. Instare.] To hang over the head, to be
at band.
318 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIII.

solatia nostri lethi. Ille perse- Vaticinor moriens, nostri solatia lethi. 36
quitur suum scelus, que arbor
tandem labefacta innumeris ic Persequitur scelus ille suum, labefactaque tandem
tibus, adductaque funibus, cor- Ictibus innumeris, adductaque funibus, arbor
ruit, et prostravit multam syl- Corruit, et multam prostravit pondere sylvam .
vam pondere. Dryades attoni- Attonita Dryndes damno nemorisque suoque,
tæ damno nemorisque suoque, Omnes germanæ Cererem cum vestibusatris 41
omnesgermanæ mærentes ade
unt Cererem.cum atris vestibus Mærentes adeunt, pœnamque Erisicthonis orant.
que orant pœnam Erisicthonis. Annuit his, capitisque sui pulcherrima motu
Pulcherrima annuit his, que Concussit gravidis oneratos messibus agros ;
motusui capitis concussit agros
oneratos gravidis messibus, que Moliturque genus pœnæ miserabile (si non 45
molitur miserabile genus pœ- Ille suis esset nulli miserabilis actis)
næ, (si ille non esset misera- Pestiferâ lacerare Fame. Quæ quatenus ipsi
bilis nulli suis actis,) lacerare Non adeunda Deæ (neque enim Cereremque
pestiferâ Fame. Quæ qua
tenus non adeunda Deæ ipsi Famemque
(enim neque Fata sinunt Ce- Fata coïre sinunt) montani Numinis unam
reremque Famemque coire) Talibus agrestem compellat Oreada dictis. 50
compellat agrestem Oreada
unam montani Numinis tali- Est locus extremis Scythiæ glacialis in orîs,
bus dictis. Est locus in extre- Triste solum, sterilis, sinè fruge, sinè arbore,
misorisglacialis Scythiæ, triste tellus ;
solum, sterilistellus, sine fruge, Frigus iners illic habitant Pallorque Tremorque,
sine arbore ; iners frigus,
lorque, Tremorque, et jejuna Et jejuna Fames ; ea se in præcordia condat
Famas habitant illic ; jube ea Sacrilegi scelerata jube. Nec copia rerum 55
condat se in scelerata præcor- Vincat eam, superetque meas certamine vires.
dia sacrilegi. Nec copia rerum
vincat eam, que superet meas Neve viæ spatium te terreat, accipe currus ;
vires certaraine. Neve spatium Accipe, quos frænis altè moderêre, dracones :
viæ terreat te, accipe currus ; Et dedit. Illa, dato subvecta per aëra curru,
accipedracones ,quos moderêre Devenit in Scythiam, rigidique cacumine montis
altè frænis et dedit. Illa,
subvecta per aëra curru dato, ( Caucason appellant) serpentum colla levavit :
devenit in Scythiam, que levavit colla serpentum cacumine rigidi montis (appellant
Caucason.

NOTES.

37, Persequitur.] He goes on with. suited to Famine.- Glacialis.] Icy.

58. 'Adducta. Drawn.
39. Prostravit.] It overthrew.
40. Dryades.] The nymphs of the trees be
ing affrighted .
41. Atris.] With black and mourning
clothes, such as suit mourners.
43. Annuit.] Ceres consented, and promis
ed with a nod.- His. ] To the Dryades.
45. Molitur ] She prepares.
47. Lacerare.] To butcher, to torment.
Quatenus.] Because.
49. Coïre.] To agree, for contraries can
not subsist together.
50. Oreada.] A mountain nymph. For
Oreades are nymphs ofthe mountains, of rou
ccous, i e. of a mountain.
51. Locus.] A description of the place best
52. Triste solum.] A dismal soil.
53. Iners.] Slow from the effect, because
it makes men slow and inactive.
Pallor, &c.] These are perpetual compa
nions of cold .
54. Condat.] To bury herself.
Præcordia.] In the intrails of the wicked
and sacrilegious Erisicthon.
56. Vincat. ] May be able to overcome.
57, Spatium. ] The length.
58. Moderere.] Thou mayest guide and
govern.
Dracones.] Drawing the chariot of Ceres,
61. Caucason.] Caucasus is a very high
mountain of Scythia, always covered with
snow. ና
FAB. XI. ΜΕΤΑΜΟRPHOSEΩN . 319

Quæsitamque Famem lapidoso vidit in agro, 62 quevidit quæsitam Famem vel

Unguibus et a raras vellentem dentibus herbas. lentem raras herbas unguibus
et dentibus in lapidoso agro.
Hirtus erat crinis ; cava lumina ; pallor in ore ; Crinis erat hirtus ; lumina ca
Labra incana situ ; scabræ rubigine fauces; 65 va ; pallor in ore : labra incana
situ ; fauces scabra rubigine ;
Dura cutis, per quam spectari viscera possent : cutis dura, per quam viscera
Ossa sub incurvis extabant arida lumbis :
possent spectari : Arida ossa
Ventris erat pro ventre locus ; pendere putares extabant sub incurvis lumbis :
Pectus, et à spinæ tantummodo crate teneri. locus ventris erat pro ventre ;
Auxerat articulos macies, genuumque rigebat putares tummodpectus
o teneri à crate et
pendere, tan
spinæ.
Orbis, et immodico prodibant tubera talo. 71 Macies auxerat articulos, que
Hanc procul ut vidit, (neque enim est accedere orbis genuum rigebat, ettubera
juxtà prodibant immodico talo. Ut
vidit hanc procul (enim neque
Ausa) refert mandata Deæ : paulumque morata, est ausa accedere juxtà) refert
Quanquam aberat longè, quanquam modo ve- mandata Deæ : que morata
nerat illuc, 74 paululum, quanquam aberat
Visa tamen sensisse Famem; retroque dracones rat longe, quanqua modo vene
illuc, tamenmvisa sensisse
Egit in Æmoniam versis sublimis habenis . Famem, que, versis habenis,
Dicta Fames Cereris (quamvis contraria semper egit dracones retro, sublimis, in
Æmoniam. Fames peragit
Illius est operi) peragit ; perque aëra vento dicta Cereris (quamvis est
Ad jussam delata domum est ; et protinus intrat semper contraria operi illius)
Sacrilegi thalamos, altoque sopore solutum 80 que est delata vento per aëra .
(Noctis erat tempus) geminis amplectitur alis : adjussam domum;
intrat thalamos et protinus
sacrilegi, que
Seque viro inspirat, faucesque et pectus et ora amplectitur
solutum alto so
Afflat ; et in vacuis spargit jejunia venis. pore (erat tempus noctis) ge
Functaque mandato foecundum deserit orbem, minis alis, que inspirat seviro,
Inque domos inopes assuetaque vertitur arva. que afflat fauces, et pectus, et
Lenis adhuc somnus placidis Erisicthona pennis ora; et spargit jejunia in va
cuis venis. Que functa man
Mulcebat. Petit ille dapes sub imagine somni, dato deserit fœcundum orbem,
Oraque vana movet, dentemque in dente fatigat, que vertitur in inopes domos,
Exercetque cibo delusum guttur inani, 89 que assueta arva. Lenis som
nusadhuc mulcebat Erisictho
Proque epulis tenues nequicquam devorat auras. na placidis pennis. Ille petit.
dapes sub imagine somni, que movet vana ora, que fatigat dentem in dente, que exercet delu
sum guttur inani cibo, que nequicquam devorat tenues auras pro epulis.
a raris . ¿ numerari.

NOTES.

64. Hirtus.] Rough, dishevelled .
65. Incana.] Foul - Situ.] With filth.
Scabræ.] Rough.
67. Extabant.] Stood out.
68. Ventris, &c.] She had but a small
belly. 1 80. Alto sopore.] In a deep sleep.
69. Crate spinæ.] The bone of the spine,
and the ribs growing from the spine
70. Articulos ] The knots (joints.)
71. Tubera. ] Swellings.
76. Refert.] She makes known the com
mands of Ceres.
76. Emoniam.] Thessaly.Sublimis.]
High, for she flew through the air.
77. Quamvis, &c.] This observation, con
tained in the parenthesis, shews the contra
riety between Ceres and Famine, the one
producing, the other destroying the fruits of
the earth ; Famine is therefore said to be con
traria operi .
79. Domum.] Of Erisicthon.
84. Functa, &c.] And when she had per
formed the commands of Ceres.
Fœcundum.] Fruit-bearing.
85. Vertitur. She returns.
87. Ille.] Erisicthon.
Imagine.] Being in a dream, for he seemed
to be hungry in his sleep.
88. Ora, &c.] For he seemed to eat.
89. Inani.] With inaginary banquets.
320 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. VIII.

Verò ut quies est expulsa, ar- Ut verò est expulsa quies, furit ardor edendi,
dor edendi furit, que regnat Perque avidas fauces, immensaque viscera regnat.
peravidas fauces, que immensa
viscera. Nec mora, poscit quod Nec mora, quod pontus, quod terra, quod edu
pontus, quod terra, quod aër cat aër, from educare tofeed.
educat ; et queritur jejunia Poscit ; et appositis queritur jejunia mensis ;
mensis appositis ; que quærit Inque epulis epulas quærit. Quodque urbibus
epulas in epulis. Quodque po
terat esse satis urbibusquodque esse, 95
populo, non sufficit uni. Que Quodque satis populo poterat, non sufficit uni.
quo demittit plura in suam al- Plusque cupit, quo plura suamdemittit in alvum.
vum, cupit plus. Que ut fre
tum recipit flumina de totâ ter Utque fretum recipit de totà flumina terrâ,
râ, nec satiatur aquis, que ebi- Nec satiatur aquis, peregrinosque ebibit amnes :
bit peregrinos amnes : Utque Utque rapax ignis non unquam alimenta recusat,
rapax ignis non unquam recu- Innumerasque trabes cremat ; et, quo copia major
sat alimenta, que cremat innu- Est data, plura petit ; turbâque voracior ipsâ est :
meras trabes ; et, quo major
copia est data, petit plura ; que Sic epulas omnes Erisicthonis ora profani 103
estvoracior ipsâ turba : sic ora Accipiunt, poscuntque simul. Cibus omnis in illo
profani Erisicthonis accipiunt, Causa sibi est : semperque locus fit ipanis edendo.
que simulposcunt, omnesepu- Jamque fame patrias, altique voragine ventris,
las. Omnis cibus est causa cibi
in illo, que locus semper fit in- Attenuârat opes : sed inattenuata manebat
anis edendo Jamque attenuâ- Tum quoque dira fames, implacatæque vigebat
rat patrias opes fame, que vo- Flamma gulæ ; tandem, demisso in viscera censu,
ragine alti ventris : sed tum Filia restabat, non illo digna parente . 110
quoque dira fames manebat in
attenuata, que flamma impla Hanc quoque vendit inops, Dominum generosa
catæ gulæ vigebat : tandem, recusat,
censu demisso in viscera, filia Et vicina suas tendens super æquora palmas,
restabat, non digna illo paren
te. Inops vendit hanc quoque. Eripe me domino, qui raptæ præmia nobis
Generosa recusat dominum, et Virginitatis habes, ait. Hæc Neptunus habebat.
tendens suas palmas super vi- Qui prece non spretâ , quamvis modò visa sequenti
cina æquora, ait : Qui habes Esset hero, formamque novat , vultumque virilem
præmia virginitatis raptæ nobis,
eripe me domino. Neptunus Induit, et cultus pisces capientibus aptos. 117
habebat hæc. Qui prece non spretà, quamvis modò esset visa hero sequenti, que novat for
mam, que induit virilem vultum, et cultus aptos capientibus pisces.

NOTES.

91. Ardor. ] A raging appetite. 107. Attenuârat.] He had devoured, dimi

92. Immensa.] Not to be filled.
93. Nec mora.] Immediately.
94. Queritur.] He complains that he is
hungry. / Demisso .] His patrimony being swallowed
96. Satis.] To suffice.
97. Plusque cupit.] The more Erisicthon
eat, the more he craved.
98.**Utque, &c.] The poet shews, by a
double similitude, how insatiable Erisicthon's
desire of eating was.
99. Satiatur. ] Is filled,
101. Cremat. ] Burns up.
102. Ipsâ turba.] The very quantity.
105. Semper, &c. ] The belly is not filled
by eating, but seems rather to be emptied.
nished. Inattenuata.] Not diminished.
109. Flamma. ] A vehement desire, an ap
petite for eating.
up.
110. Filia.] Metra, that was worthy of a
father less impious and unhappy.
111. Generosa.] She being a free woman,
would not suffer bondage.
115. Raptæ.] Taken away. For Neptune
had defiled her.
115. Prece.] Her prayers being heard.
Modò.] A little before.
116. Hero.] By her master, to whom her
father Erisicthon had sold her.
 AB. XI. METAMORPHOSENN. 321

Hanc dominus spectans : O qui pendentia parvo Dominus spectans hanc,inquit,

Æra cibo celas, moderator arundinis, inquit, O moderator arundinis, qui
celas pendentia æra parvo cibo,
(Sic mare compositum, sic sit tibi piscis in unda (sic sit mare compositum tibi,
Credulus, et nullos, nisi fixus, sentiat hamos ! ) sic piscis credulus in undâ, et
Quæ modo cum vili turbatis veste capillis 122 sentiat nullos hamos, nisifixus! )
Littore in hôc steterat (nam stantem in littore Dic ubi sit quæ modò steterat
in hoc littore, cum vili veste
vidi) [tant turbatis capillis (nam vidi stan
Dic ubi sit : neque enim vestigia longius ex- tem in littore :) enim neque
Illa Dei munus benè cedere sensit : et à se 125 vestigia extant longiûs. Illa
sensit munus Dei cedere benè :
Se quæri gaudens, his est resecuta rogantem : et gaudens se quæri
à se, rese
Quisquis es, ignoscas ; in nullam lumina partem cuta est rogantem his : Quis-
Gurgite ab hoc flexi, studioque operatus inhæsi. quis es, ignoscas ; flexi lumina
Quoque minùs dubites, sic has Deus æquoris in nullam partém ab hôc gur
artes gite, que opèratus inhæsi stu
dio. Que quo minùs dubites,
Adjuvet, ut nemo jamdudum littore in isto, 130 Deus æquoris sic adjuvet has
(Me tamen excepto) nec fœmina constitit ulla. artes, ut nemojamdudum con-
Credidit, et verso dominus pede pressit arenam, stitit in isto littore (me tamen
excepto) nec ulla fœmina. Do
Elususque abiit ; illi sua reddita forma est. minus credidit, et pressit are-
Ast, ubi habere suam transformia corpora sentit, nam verso pede, que abiit elu
Sæpe pater dominis Triopeïda vendit ; at illa sus : sua forma est reddita illi.
Astubi pater sentit suam habe
Nunc equa, nunc ales, modo bos, modò cervus, re transformia corpora, sæpe
abibat ; 136
vendit Triopeïda dominis. At
Præbebatque avido non justa alimenta parenti. illa abibat nunc equa, nunc
Vis tamen illa mali postquam consumserat om ales, modò bos, modò cervus ;
nem que præbebat non justa ali
menta avido parenti. Tamen
Materiam, dederatque gravi nova pabula morbo : postquam illa vis mali con
Ipse suos artus lacero divellere morsu 140 sumpserat omnem materiam,
Cœpit, et infelix minuendo corpus alebat. que dederat nova pabula gravi
Quid moror externis ? etiam mihi sæpe novandi morbo ipse cœpit divellere
suos artus lacero morsu, et in
Corporis, ò juvenes, numero finita potestas : felix alebat corpus minuendo.
Quid moror externis ? Etiam (est) mihi, ô juvenes, potestas novandi corporis sæpe finita
numero :

NOTES.
118. Pendentia æra.] Hooks made of
brass: A Metonymy.
119. Celas.] Hidest.
120. Sic.] This is an adverb of wishing.
124. Neque, &c,] He signifies that she was
not gone farther, since there appeared no more
of her footsteps.
125. Cedere .] To fall out luckily to her.
126. Resecuta.] She answered in these
words to him inquiring ofher.
128. Studio, &c.] Being intent upon fish
ing.
129. Has.] Spoken ambiguously ; for
both the fishing trade and fraud which she
used may be understood.
132. Verso.] He went back through the
sand.
133. Sua.] Proper to a virgin,
134. Suam.] sc. his daughter.
Transformia ] Which may be transformed
into various shapes.
185. Triopeïda.] The grand-daughter of
Triopa.
137. Non justa.] Unjust. —Parenti.] To
her famished father Erisiethon,
138. Vis illa.] That violence of the dis
ease.
139. Nova.] His last food.
140. Ipse.] Erisicthon.
142. Externis.] On foreign transforma
tions.
143. O juvenes.] Achelous speaks to Le 4
lex and Theseus.
Numero finita.] Limited in number ; for I
can be transformed but thrice, viz, into a man,
an ox, and a snake, as it follows.

Tt
 322 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IX.

Nam modò videor quod nunc Nam modò, quod nunc sum, videor ; modo
sum: modò flector in anguem: flector in anguem ;
modò dux armenti, sumo vires
in cornua, dum potui cornua! Armenti modò dux vires in cornua sumo : 145
nnnc altera pars frontis caret Cornua dum potui ! nunc pars caret altera telo
telo, ut ipse vides. Gemitus Frontis, ut ipse vides. Gemitus sunt verba se
secuti sunt verba.
cuti.

NOTES.

146. Telo.] The horn of which he was that he grieved very much that his horn was
deprived by Hercules, broken.
147. Gemitus. ] Sighs; bywhich is signified

EXP. FAB. XI. The metamorphoses of Metra, the daughter of Erisicthon,

} have for their foundation, the eager desire of a dutiful daughter to support
a parent who had ruined himself by his extravagance, and her different ap
pearances pointed out the different offices she served in for the purposes
just mentioned.

P. OVIDII NASONIS

METAMORPHOSEON,

LIBER IX.

FAB. I. ACHELOUS IN VARIAS FIGURAS

THE ARGUMENT.

Dejanira, Daughter of Oeneus, who had been addressed by several heroes,

could only procure a promise from her father that she should be given
to him who should prove himself the most valiant. The different suitors
submit their pretensions to Hercules and Achelous, who were to engage
in single combat. Achelous, in order to have the advantage of his an
tagonist, transforms himself into different shapes, and at last into that of
a bull, but to no purpose, as Hercules overcomes him, and breaks off
one of his horns. The Naïads, Achelous's daughters, take it up, and fill
it with the variety of fruits which Autumn affords ; hence it came to be
called the Horn of Plenty.
 FAB. I. METAMORPHOSEON. 323

.
QUE Æ gemitus, truncæque Deo Neptunius Neptunius heros rogat quæ
heros causagemitus Deo, truncæque
frontis : cùm Calydonius amnis
Causa rogat frontis ; cum sic Calydonius amnis cœpit sic ; redimitus inornatos
Cœpit ; inornatos redimitus arundine crines. crines arundine. Petis triste
Triste petis munus: quis enim sua prælia victus munus : enim quis victus velit
Commemorare velit ? Referam tamen ordine ; commemorare suaprælia? Ta
men referam ordine ; nec fuit
nec tam tam turpe vinci, quàm estdeco
Turpe fuit vinci, quàm contendisse decorum est ; rum contendisse ; que tantus
Magnaque dat nobis tantus solatia victor. victor dat nobis magna solatia.
Si qua Deianira suo nomine
Nomine si qua suo tandem pervenit ad aures tandem pervenitad
tuas auras;
Deianira tuas ; quondam pulcherrima virgo, quendam pulcherrima virgo,
Multorumque fuit spes invidiosa procorum. 10 que fuit invidiosa spes multo
rum procorum. Cum quibus
Cum quibus ut soceri domus est intrata petiti : ut domus petiti soceri est in
Accipe me generum, dixi, Parthaone nate. trata dixi, Nate Parthaone,
Dixit et Alcides. Alii cessêre duobus. 肯 accipe me generum. Et Al
Ille Jovem socerum dare se, a famamque labo cides dixit. Alii cessere duo
bus. Ille referebat se dare
rum, Jovem socerum, famamque
Et superata suæ referebat jussa novercæ. 15 laborum, et jussa suæ novercæ
Contrà ego, (turpe Deum mortali cedere duxi : superata. Contrà ego, (duxi
Nondum erat ille Deus) regem me cernis aqua turpe Deum cedere mortali :
ille erat nondum Deus) cernis
rum, me regem aquarum, fluentem
Cursibus obliquis inter tua regna fluentem. inter tua regna obliquis cursi
Nec gener externis hospes tibi missus ab oris, bus. Nec hospes gener, missus
tibi ab externis oris, sed ero
Sed popularis ero, et rerum pars una tuarum. popularis, et una pars tuarum
Tantùm ne noceat, quod me nec regia Juno 21 rerum. Tantùm ne noceat,
Odit, et omnis abest jussorum poena laborum, quòd regia Juno nec odit me,
et omnis pœna jussorum labo
Nam quòd te jactas Alcmenâ matre creatum, rum abest. Nam quod jactas
Jupiter aut falsus pater est, aut crimine verus. te creatum matre Alcmenâ,
aut Jupiter est falsus pater, aut verus crimine.
a summamque.

NOTES.

1. Truncæ. ] Maimed, for he wanted one Duobus.. To us two.

horn.-Deo.] To Achelous.
Neptunius.] Theseus, the son of Egeus,
whose father was Neptune.
2. Calydonius.] Achelous.
3. Redimitus arundine.] As being the god
of a river; for reeds grow in marshy grounds.
7. Victor.] So great was Hercules.
8. Nomine, &c.] Achelous begins to relate
his wrestling for Deianira.
} 10. Procorum.] They are called proci,
that address a woman for a wife, from pro
candi, i. e. of asking.
11. Soceri. ] Of our wished for father-in
law.
12. Parthaone nate.] Oeneus, king of E
tolia, was the son of Parthaon.
18. Alcides. ] Hercules : Of Alceus his
grandfather, or ofrs as strength, forti
tude.
14. Famam laborum.] It will be necessa
ry here that boys should be made perfectly well
acquainted with the history and labours of
Hercules, otherwise many lines ofthis fable
and the next will be found unintelligible,
15. Novercæ. ] Juno.
16. Contrà.] On the contrary.
Turpe.] sc. esse. -Deum.] sc. me Deum
Mortali.] To a man, For Hercules was.
not yet translated amongst the gods.
17. Regem.] Achelous, a river running
between Acarnan and Ætolia.
20. Popularis.] Ofthe same country.
21. Tantum, &.] By this he hints that
Hercules had been deservedly persecuted by
Juno, and therefore unworthy of Dejanira.
23. Alcmena. ] The daughter of Electryo,
and wife of Amphytrio, whose shape Jupiter
assumed and begat Hercules.
"
324 -P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. 1X.

Petis patrem adulterio ma- Matris adulterio patrem petis : elige, fictum 25
tris : elige, malis Jovem esse Esse Jovem malis, an te per dedecus ortum ?
fictum, an te ortum per dede
cus ? Spectat jamdudum di- Talia dicentem jamdudum lumine torvo
centem talia torvo lumine ; et Spectat : et accensæ non fortiter imperat iræ ;
reddit : Melior mihi dextera lin
non; imperat
iræ que reddit verba : Verbaque tot
tot accense
fortiter
Dextera melior mihi linguâ. guâ.
Dummodosuperem pugnando, Dummodo pugnando superem, tu vince lo
tu vince loquendo. Que fe quendo.
rox congreditur. Puduit lo- Congrediturque ferox. Puduit modò magna
cutum magna modò cedere.
locutum 31
Rejeci viridem vestem de cor
pore ; que opposui brachia, Cedere. Rejeci viridem de corpore vestem ;
que tenui manus varas à pec- Brachiaque opposui, tenuique à pectore varas
torein statione, et paravi mem
bra pugnæ. Ille spargit me In statione manus, et pugnæ membra paravi.
pulvere hausto cavis palmis : Ille cavis hausto spargit me pulvere palmis : 35
inque vicem flavescit jactuful- Inque vicem fulvæ a jactu flavescit arenæ ;
væ arena ; et modò captat cer- Et modò cervicem, modò crura micantia captat,
vicem , modò micantia crura,
aut putes captare ; que lacessit Aut captare putes ; omnique à parte lacessit.
à omni parte. Mea gravitas Me mea defendit gravitas ; frustraque petebar.
defendit me ; que petebar frus- Haud secus ac moles, quam magno murmure
tra. Haud secus ac moles
fluctus
quamfluctusoppugnant magno
murmure : illa manet, que est Oppugnant: manet illa, suoque est pondere tuta.
tuta pondere. Digredimur Digredimur paulùm, rursusque ad bella coimus ;
paulùm, que rursus coimus ad
bella ; que stetimus in gradu, Inque gradu stetimus, certi non cedere: eratque
certi non cedere : que per erat Cum pede pes junctus : totoque ego pectore
junctus cum pede: queegopro pronus,
nus premebana toto pectore, et Et digitos digitis, et frontem fronte premebam.
digitos digitis, et frontem
fronte. Vidi fortes tauros Non aliter fortes vidi concurrere tauros,
concurrere non aliter, cùm ni- Cùm pretium pugnæ toto nitidissima saltu
tidissima conjux toto saltu ex- Expetitur conjux : spectant armenta, paventque,
petitur pretium pugnæ : ar- Nescia quem maneat tanti victoria regni.
menta spectant, paventque,
nesciaquem victoriatanti regni
maneat. a tactu .

NOTES,

25. Fictum.] sc. Father.
26. Dedecus.] By the ignominy of his
mother's adultery, Achelous supposes that
Jupiter was not Hercules's father, or if he
was, Hercules was born in adultery.
27. Torvo.] With fierce eyes.
28. Non fortiter.] Not with resolution.
30. Dummodo.] Only
31. Magna. ] Proud things.
32. Viridem.] That colour is peculiar to
the gods of the sea or rivers.
35. Varas.] . I had my fist clinched and
ready to fight. They are called Vari that are
bandy legged.
34. Statione .] In a proper posture.
35. Hausto, &c.] Having sprinkled me
over with sand, that he might lay hold of me
the more readily.
57. Micantia.] Active, nimble, for mico
here signifies to move with agility ; when mico
signifies to shine, it is with light ; niteo
signifies to shine with oil or sleekness.
Captat. ] Catches at me.
58. Lacessit.] Assaults.
42. Gradu.] In the step, i. e. in the pos
ture, because men going to engage, step for
ward with one foot, that they may stand the
firmer.
42. Certi non cedere.] Resolved not to
give up.
44. Cum pede.] After the manner of
wrestlers.
46. Non aliter. ] Achelous shews by the
similitude, with what force he engaged with
Hercules.
48. Conjux.] A heifer,
 FAB. 1. METAMORPHOSEON. 235

Ter, sinè profectu, voluit nitentia contrà 50 Alcides voluit ter rejicere mea
pectora à se nitentia contrà, si
Rejicere Alcides à se mea pectora : quartò ne profectu : quartò excutit
Excutit amplexus, adductaque brachia solvít : amplexus, que solvit adducta
}
Impulsumque manu (certum mihi vera fateri ) brachia : que protinus avertit
Protinus avertit, tergoque onerosus inhæsit. 54 impulsum manu (certum mihi
fateri vera) que onerosus inhæ
Si qua fides ( neque enim fictâ mihi gloria voce sit tergo. Si qua fides, (enim
Quæritur) imposito pressus mihi monte videbar. nequegloria quæriturmihi fic
Vix tamen exserui sudore fluentia multo tâ voce) videbar mihi pressus
Brachia, vix solvi duros à corpore nexus. monteimposito. Tamen vix ex
seruibrachia fluentiamulto su
Instat anhelanti , prohibetque resumere vires : dore,
et vix solvi duros nexus
Et cervice meâ potitur. Tum denique tellus à corpore. Instat anhelanti, que
! Pressa genu nostro est, et arenas ore momordi. prohibet resumere vires, et po
Inferior virtute meas divertor ad artes, 62 titurmeâcervice. Tum denique
tellus est pressa nostro genu, et
Elaborque viro, longum formatus in anguem. momordi arenas ore. Inferior
Qui postquam flexos sinuavi corpus in orbes, virtute divertor ad meas artes,
Cumque fero movi linguam stridore bisulcam, que elabor viro, formatus in
longum anguem. Qui post
Risit, et illudens nostras Tirynthius artes, quam sinuavi corpus in flexos
Cunarum labor est angues superare mearum , orbes, que movi bisulcam lin
Dixit : et, ut vincas alios, Acheloë, dracones, guam cum fero stridore; Tiryn
Pars quota Lernææ serpens eris unus Echidna ? thius risit, et illudens nostras
artes dixit : Est labor mearum
Vulneribus fœcunda suis erat illa : nec ullum 70
↓ cunarum superare angues : et
De centum numero caput est impune recisum ; Acheloë,ut vincas aliosdracon
Quin gemino cervix hærede valentior esset. es, quota pars unus serpens
eris Lernææ Echidnæ ? illa
Hanc ego ramosam natis è cæde colubris, erat fœcunda suis vulneribus,
Crescentemque malo, domui, domitamque a nec est ullum caput de centum
peremi. [guem numero recisum impune ; quin
Quid fore te credas, 6 falsum qui versus in an- cervix esset valentior gemino
hærede. Ego domui hanc, "
ramosam colubris natis : ecæde, crescentem malo, que peremi domitam. Quid fore credas
te, qui versus in falsum anguem,
a perussi . b solum .

NOTES.

50. Nitentia.] Labouring, from nitor, for
nitentiafrom niteo has (i) short.
52. Adducta.] Drawn close about him, i e.
grasping.
53. Certum mihi.] I know this is truth.
54. Avertit.] Turns me about, so that my
back was to him.
55. Fides.] sc. Est verbis meis.
Ficta. ] By feigned words.
56. Pressus. ] Oppressed.
60. Cervice.] He catches me fast by the
neck.
61. Arenas, &c.] To bite the ground ex
presses indignation, and often also the agonies
ofdeath when a man falls in battle.
63. Divertor.] I turn, i. e. I have recourse
to.
63. Elabor.] I get out of the hands of my
antagonist Hercules .
64. Sinuavi. I wound myself along like a
serpent.
65. Stridore.] With hissing.
66. Tirynthius. ] Hercules, from Tirynthia,
a city near Argos where Hercules was bred.
67. Cunarum.] Of my infancy.
68. Ut vincas.] Although you might over
come other serpents .
69. Pars quota. ] What figure would you cut
with that of Lernæa.
71. Impune.] Without an avenger ; for as
he cut off one head, another started up to re
venge, as it were, the loss of its brother.
73. Ramosam.] Having many heads like
branches.
74. Crescentemque malo. } Acquiring
strength by its disasters.
326 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. 1X.

movesaliena arma? quem pre- Arma aliena moves? quem forma precaria celat?
caria forma celat ? Dixerat : Dixerat : et summo digitorum vincula collo
et injicit vincula digitorum
summo collo. Angebar, ceu Injicit. Angebar ceu guttura forcipe pressus,
pressus guttura forcipe, que Pollicibusque meas pugnabam evellere fauces.
pugnabam evellere measfauces Sic quoque devicto restabat tertia tauri 80
pollicibus. Devicto sic quo- Forma trucis : tauro mutatus membra rebello.
que tertia forma trucis tauri
restabat : mutatus membra Induit ille toris à læva parte lacertos ;
tauro, rebello . Ille induit Admissumque trahens sequitur ; deprensaque
lacertos toris à lævâ parte ; durâ
que trahens admissum sequi
tur: qué figit deprensa cornua Cornua figit humo, meque altâ sternit arenâ. 84
durâ humo, que sternit me alta Nec satìs id fuerat : rigidum fera dextera cornu
arena. Nec id fuerat satis : Dum tenet, infregit, truncâque à fronte revellit.
dum tenet rigidum cornu ferá
dexterâ infregit, que revellità Naïades hoc, pomis et odoro flore repletum,
truncâ fronte. Naiades sacrâ- Sacrârunt : divesque meo bona Copia cornu est.
runt hoc repletum pomis et Dixerat, at Nymphe ritu succincta Dianæ,
odoro flore : que bona Copia Una ministrarum, fusis utrimque capillis, 90
est dives meo cornu. Dixerat,
at Nymphe succincta ritu Incessit, totumque tulit prædivite cornu
Diana, una ministrarum, ca- Autumnum, et mensas felicia poma secundas.
pillis fusis utrimque, incessit, Lux subit : et, primo feriente cacumina sole,
que tulit' totum autumnum Discedunt juvenes : neque enim dum flumina
prædivite cornu, et felicia
poma secundas mensas. Lux pacem 94
subit : et juvenes discedunt Et placidos habeant lapsus, motæque residant,
primo sole feriente cacumina Opperiuntur, aquæ. Vultus, Achelöus agrestes,
montium. Enim neque op
periuntur dum flumina habe- Et lacerum cornu mediis caput abdidit undis.
ant pacem et placidos lapsus, Hunc tamen ablati domuit jactura decoris :
que aquæ motæ residant. Cætera sospes erat. Capitis
Achelous abdidit agrestes vul quoque fronte sa
lignâ, 99
tus, et caput lacerum cornu
mediis undis. Tamen jactura Aut superimpositâ celatur arundine damnum.
ablata decoris domuit hunc :
cætera erat sospes. Damnum capitis quoque celatur salignâ fronde, aut arundine super
imposità.

NOTES.

76. Aliena.] Arms not your own, but as
sumed, borrowed.
77. Vincula.] The grasp, the gripe, from
vincio, to bind.
79. Pugnabam.] I strøve.
81. Rebello.] I renew the fight.
82. Induit.] He throws -Toris.] What
Torus signifies has been before explained.
83. Admissum.]}~ Driven, i. e. rushing
from him, thus before, admisso sequitur ves
tigia passu .
86. Truncâque fronte.] My bereft fore
head.
88. Bona Copia.] The horn of Achelous,
being filled with various fruits by the Naïads,
was dedicated to Copia, the goddess of
plenty.
91. Prædivite.] Very full.-Totum au
tumnum.] All the fruits of Autumn.
92. Mensas. — sucundus.] The second
course ; for the ancients began their meal with
eggs, and ended with fruit ; hence ab ovo ad
mala, from beginning to the end of dinner.
93. Cacumina.] Thetops ofthe mountains.
96. Opperiuntur.] They wait for.
99. Salignâ.] A branch of a willow.
100. Arundine.] A crown made of reeds.
Damnum capitis.] The loss of his horn.

EXP. FAB. I. The river Acheloüs, which separates Acarnania from Ætolia,
byfrequently overflowing and destroying itsbanks, confounded the boundaries
of those two nations ɛo much , that it was the occasion of perpetual wars be
tween them. But 1 Hercules, by raising the banks, confined its course, and
FAB. 11. METAMORPHOSEON. 327
J
established peace. Such authors as have related this event, treat it in a
fabulous manner, by saying he fought with the god of the river, who
changed himself into a serpent ; meaning thereby the windings and turnings
of the river ; and afterwards into a bull, to express the fury of its course,
and rapid overflowing of its banks, the occasion of great devastation, which
the ancients frequently expressed by this figure, Hercules is said to have
overcome the bull, and to have broken off one of his horns, which is ex
pressive of his confining the two branches of the river in one channel ; and
hence, as Strabo writes, the Horn of Plenty, as the frequent mischiefs of
its inundation now ceased. However, the Horn of Plenty is often under
stood to be that of the Goat Amalthea, which nursed Jupiter. The nymphs
gave this to Achelous, who afterwards exchanged it with Hercules for that
which he had torn from him. Dejanira being given to Hercules, as the re
ward of the services he did Oeneus, king of Calydon , it is fabled she had
been promised to Achelous, who was vanquished in a combat with his an
tagonist. This is the foundation of that famous engagement which our
poet so beautifully describes as if actual between these two heroes.

FAB. II. DEIANIRE RAPTUS.

Hercules returning with Dejanira, the prize of his victory, commits her to
the care of Nessus the centaur, who was to take her over the river
Evenus ; but Nessus is so smitten with her charms, that he attempts to
carry her off, while Hercules remains on the other side of the river.

AT te, Nesse ferox, ejusdem virginis ardor AtferoxNesse, ardor ejusdem

Perdiderat, a volucri trajectum terga sa- terga virginis perdiderat
volucri te,trajectum
sagittâ . Namque
gitta. [ muros , natus Jove repetens patrios
Namque, novâ repetens patrios cum conjuge muros muros cum novâ conjuge, ve
Venerat Eveni rapidas Jove natus ad undas. nerat ad rapidas undas Eveni.
Amnis erat auctus uberioc
Uberior solito nimbis hyemalibus auctus, 5 solito hyemalibus nimbis, qu
Vorticibusque frequens erat, atque impervius frequens vorticibus atque im
amnis. pervius. Nessus adit intrepi
Intrepidum pro se, curam de conjuge agentem, de dumconjuge, agentem
pro se, que valens curam
mem
Nessus adit, membrisque valens, scitusque va- bris, que scitus vadorum, ait :
Officioque meo ripâ sistetur in illâ [dorum, Alcide, hæc sistetur in illâ
Hæc, ait, Alcide : tu viribus utere nando. 10 ripâ meo officio, tu utere viri
bus nando. Aonius tradidit
Tradidit Aonius pavidam Calydonida Nesso, Nesso pavidam Calydonida,
Pallentemque metu, fluviumque ipsumque ti- pallentemque metu, que ti
mentem. [ nis, mentem fluvium ipsumque,
Mox ut erat pharetrâque gravis, spolioque leo- Mox ut erat gravis pharetrâ
que spolioque leonis,
a Perdidit à volucri, &c.

NOTES.

1. Virginis . ] Of Dejanira. 9. Sistetur. ] She shall be set on shore.

Ardor.] The love.
2. Trajectum. ] Pierced by Hercules.
4. Eveni.] A river of Ætolia.
Natus.] Hercules, the son of Jupiter.
of 8.theScitusque.]
river, Acquainted with the fords
11. Aonius.] Theban. For Hercules was
born at Thebes in Bæotia, which is Aonia.
Pavidam.] Fearful.
Calydonida.] Dejanira.
12. Ipsumque.] Nessus, the centaur.
328 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IX,

(nam miserat clavam et curvos ( Nam clavam et curvos trans ripam miserat
arcustransripam) dixit, Quan 14
doquidem cœpi, flumina supe arcus)
rentur. Nec dubitat : nec quæ- Quandoquidem cœpi, superentur flumina, dixit.
rit quà amnis sit clementissi- Nec dubitat : nec quà sit clementissimus amnis
mus, et spernit deferri obsequio Quærit : et obsequio deferri spernit aquarum.
aquarum. Jamque tenens
ripam, cùm tolleret missos Jamque tenens ripam, missos cùm tolleret arcus,
arcus, agnovit vocem conjugis : Conjugis agnovit vocem : Nessoque parante
Nessoque parante fallere de- Fallere depositum ; quô te fiducia, clamât, 20
positum ; clamat. Quò vana Vana pedum violente rapis ? Tibi, Nesse bi
fiduciapedum rapitte violente?
Biformis Nesse, dicimus tibi ; formis,
exaudi, nec intercipe nostras Dicimus ; exaudi : nec res intercipe nostras.
res. Si nulla reverentia mei Si te nulla mei reverentia movit : at orbes
movet te : at orbes paterni Concubitus vetitos poterant inhibere paterni :
poterant inhibere vetitos con
cubitus : tamen haud effugies, Haud tamen effugies, quamvis ope fidis equinâ.
quamvis fidis equinâ ope. Vulnere, non pedibus, te consequar. Ultima
Consequar te vulnere, non pe dicta
dibus. Probat ultima dicta 26
re: et trajicit fugientia terga Re probat : et missâ fugientia terga sagittâ
missâ sagitta. Aduncum fer- Trajicit. Exstabat ferrum de pectore aduncum.
rum exstabat de pectore.

NOTES.

14. Miserat.] Had thrown over.
20. Fallere.] To defraud Hercules of his
Depositum, i, e. to violate Dejanira, who was
committed to his care. A Depositum is
something put into the hands of another to
be taken care of.
23. Orbes paterni.] The wheel to which his
father Ixion was fixed inthe infernal regions,
which is continually turning round ; the
punishment for his attempt upon Juno.
25. Equinâ. ] Though you confide in your
speed, as being partly an horse.
28. Exstabat.] Stood out. It signifies, that
he was run through the back and breast.

FAB. III. AND IV. NESSI CRUOR IN VENENUM . MORS HERCULIS.

Hercules, perceiving Nessus's design, prevents his accomplishing it by

wounding him with an arrow. The Centaur, when just expiring, ( in order
to be avenged of him, ) gives Dejanira his coat dipt in his blood ; assuring
her it contained a charm against the infidelity of her husband. She,
hearing that Hercules was in love with Iole, sends him the coat, in hopes
it might have that effect. As soon as he puts it on, he is seized with
racking pains and such violent fits of madness, that he throws Lychas,
who brought him the coat, into the sea, where he was changed into a
rock. Hercules, in obedience to a response of the oracle he had con
sulted, prepares a funeral pile, and resolutely lays himself on it ; his
friend Philoctetes lights it : and the hero, after a recital of his labours,
expires in the flames. When his body is consumed, Jupiter translates
him to the heavens, and places him amongst the Gods.

N. B. The letters enclosed in parentheses, placed at the end of the

notes, describing the labours of Hercules, refer to the explication of that
hero's labours, which follow Fables V. and VI . of this Book.
FAB. 111. METAMORPHOSEON. 329

Quod simul est evulsum,

QUOD simul evulsum est, sanguis per utrum sanguis emicuit per utrumque
que foramen
foramen, mistus tabe Lernæi
Emicuit, mistus Lernæi tabe veneni. [ inulti, veneni. Nessus excipit hunc :
1
Excipit hunc Nessus : Neque enim moriemur Neque enim moriemur inulti,
Secum ait : et calido velamina tincta cruore ait secum ; et dat velamina
tincta calido cruore munus
Dat munus raptæ, velut irritamen amoris. 5 raptæ, velut irritamen amoris.
Longa fuit medii mora temporis ; actaque magni Mora medii temporis fuit
Herculis implêrant terras, odiumque novercæ . longa, actaque magni Herculis
Victor ab Oechaliâ Cenæo sacra parabat implêrant terras, odiumque
novercæ. Victor ab Oechaliâ
Vota Jovi, cum fama loquax præcessit ad aures, parabat sacra vota Cenæo Jovi,
Deianira, tuas, ( quæ veris addere falsa 10 cum loquax fama (quæ gaudet
Gaudet, et è minima sua per mendacia crescit :) addere falsa veris, et crescit è
minima per sua mendacia)
Amphytrioniaden Ioles ardore teneri.
præcessit ad tuas aures, Deïa
Credit amans : Venerisque novæ perterrita famà, nira, Amphytrioniaden teneri
Indulsit primò lacrymis ; flendoque dolorem ardore Ioles. Amans credit,
Diffudit miseranda suum : mox deinde, Quid que perterrita famâ novæ Ve
indulsit lacrymis ;
autem 15 neris, primò
que miseranda diffudit suum
Flemus, ait ? pellex lacrymis lætabitur istis. dolorem flendo : mox deinde
Quæ quoniam adventat, properandum, aliquid- ait, Quid autem flemus ? pel
lex lætabitur istis lacrymis.
que novandum est, Quæ quoniam adventat prope
Dum licet, et nondum thalamos tenet altera randum est, aliquidque no
nostros. [rerne ? vandum, dum licet, et altera
nondum tenet nostros thala
Conquerar, an sileam ? repetam Calydona, mo mos. Conquerar, an sileam?
Excedam tectis ? an, si nihil amplius, obstem ? Repetam Calydona, morerne ?
Quid si, me, Meleagre, tuam memor esse so Excedam tectis ? an, si faciam
rorem , 21 nihil amplius, obstem? Mele
Fortè paro facinus ; quantumque injuria possit , agre, quid si memor me esse
tuam sororem, fortè paro faci
Fœmineusque dolor , jugulatà pellice , testor ? nus ; que testor, jugulatâ pel
In a cursus animus varios abit. Omnibus illi lice, quantum fœmineus dolor
que injuria possit? animus abit
a Incursus animus varios habet. in varios cursus .

NOTES.

1. Simul. ] As soon as, after that. Óechalia, erected an altar to Jupiter.

Evulsum.] It was drawn out. 12. Amphytrioniaden .] Hercules so called
Utrumque. ] Both of the back and breast: though really the son of Jupiter.
2. Lernæi. Of the poison of the serpent Ioles.] Of the daughter of Eurytus.
Hydra, slain by Hercules at the Lernæan lake. Teneri ardore.] As deeply in love.
5. Raptæ.] To Dejanira. 13. Credit.] Her excessive love for Her
Irritamen.] A provocation or incitement. cules, which is often tinctured with a little
6. Longa, &c.] Some years had passed jealousy, inclined her to give credit to the
since Nessus had threatened to be revenged report.
of Hercules. Venerisque nova.] Of his new passion.
7. Odiumque.] This word may be either
the nominative, or accusative, very consistently 14. Indulsit lacrymis. ] She wept much.
15. Diffudit. She aggravates .
both with the sense and turn of Ovid. 16. Pellex. ] Iole.
Novercæ.] Of Juno: 19. Conquerar, &c. ] Dejanira is in doubt,
8. Oechaliâ.] Of Euboea, a city where king as to what she shall do. Morerne ? Shall
Eurytus reigned . I remain in Hercules's house ?
Cenzo ] Jupiter Cenæus, so called of Ce 24. Varios.] Into various thoughts. These
næus, a promontory of Euboea, where Her are the words of the poet.
cules, being returned after the taking of Omnibus, &c. The order, pra tu it omnibus
Uu
 330 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IX.

Prætulit omnibus mittere illi Prætulit imbutam Nesseo sanguine vestem 25

vestem imbutam Nesseo san- Mittere ; quæ vires defecto reddat amori.
guine ; quæ reddat vires defec
to amori. Quenescia quid tra- Ignaroque Lichæ, quid tradat nescia, luctus
dat, ipsa tradit suos luctus ig- Ipsa suos tradit ; blandisque miserrima verbis
naro Licha; que miserrima Dona det illa viro, mandat. Capit inscius heros
blandis verbis mandat det viro
illa dona. Inscius heros capit Induiturque humeris Lernæævirus Echidnæ. 30
induiturquebumerisvirus Ler- Thura dabat primis, et verba precantia , flammis ,
nææ Echidna. Dabat thura, Vinaque marmoreas paterà fundebat in aras ;
et precantia verba primis flam- Incaluit vis illa mali, resolutaque frammis
mis, que fundebat vina paterâ
in marmoreas aras ; illa vis Herculeos abiit, latè diffusa, per artus. 34
mali incaluit, resolutaque flam- Dum potuit, solita gemitum virtute repressit .
mis abiit, latè diffusa, per Her- Victa malis postquam patientia, reppulit aras;
culeos artus. Dum potuit, Implevitque suis nemorosam vocibus Oëten.
repressit gemitùm solitâ vir
tute. Postquam patientia est Nec mora, letiferam conatur scindere vestem ;
victa malis, reppulit aras : im- Quà trahitur , trahit illa cutem, fœdumque re
plevítque nemorosam Oëten latu, 39
suis vocibus. Nec mora, co- Aut hæret membris, frustra tentata revelli ;
naturscindereletiferam vestem;
illa quà trahitur trahit cutem, Aut laceros artus, et grandia detegit ossa.
fœdumque relatu, aut hæret Ipse cruor, gelido ceu quondam lamina eandens
membris, tentata revelli frus Tincta lacu, stridit, coquiturque ardente veneno:
tra ; aut detegit laceros artus, Nec modus est, sorbent avidæ præcordia flammæ :
et grandia ossa. Ipse cruor
stridit, ceu quondam candens Cæruleusque fluit toto de corpore sudor,
lamina tincta gelido lacu, co Ambustique sonant nervi : cæcâque medullis 46
quiturque ardente veneno. Tabe liquefactis, tendens ad sidera palmas,
Nec est modus : avidæ flam
inæ sorbent præcordia : cæ Cladibus, exclamat, Saturnia pascere nostris :
ruleusque sudor fluit de toto Pascere ; et hanc pestem specta, crudelis, ab alto:
corpore, ambustique nervi so
nant que medullis liquefactis cæcâ tabe, tendens palmas ad sidera, exclamat; Saturnia, pas
cere postris cladibus ; parcere : et, crudelis, specta hanc pestem ab alto :
a inde .

NOTES.

(scil. cursibus)-mittere illi, for ad illum, she mount Oëta.

preferred to all other schemes, i. e. shethought
it best to send him the coat, &c.
26. Defecto. ] Which had now decayed.
27. Nescia.] For Dejanira knew not that
the coat which she gave to Lichas had been
dipped in poison.
Luctus:] The cause of her mourning.
29. Inscius: ] Hercules knew not that the
garment had been poisoned.
30. Virus Echidna.] The coat had been
dipped in the blood of Echidne.
35. Dum potuit.} As long as he was able.
36. Victâ.] scil , fuisset.
Reppulit.] This word is written with (pp:)
for the sake of the line ; he overturned the
altars.
37. Deten.] A mountain in Thessaly, in
which Hercules died and was buried. For by
the admonition of Apollo he went out of Eu
boea into Trachina, to raise a funeral pile in
39. Fœdum.] scil. 6 fœdum.
42. Quondam.] Sometimes.
Candens. Candeo, signifies to glow with
whiteness like iron excessively heated.
43. Stridit.] It makes a hissing noise, like
an hot coal thrown into the water.
Ardente.] Burning.
44. Nec modus est. ] Nor are there any
bounds to his misery.
Sorbent.] They consume.
45. Cæruleusque sudor.] A livid sweat,
caused by the poison.
46. Ambusti, &c.] His scorched nerves
burst.- Cœcaque tabe.] With the lurking
poison.
48, Saturnia. ] Juno, the daughter of Sa
turn.- Pascere.] By this speech. Hercules
shews that Juno had a great hatred to him.
49. Ab alto.] From Heaven,
 FAB. IIL METAMORPHOSEON. 331

Corque ferum satia : vel si miserandus et hosti, que satia ferum cor : vel si sim
miserand
Hostis enim tibi sum) diris cruciatibus ægram, hostis tibius
) et hosti,animam
aufer (enim sum
æ
Invisamque animam, natamque laboribus aufer. gram diris cruciatibus, invi
Mors mihi munus erit. Decet hæc dare dona samque, natamque laboribus.
novercam. Mors erit munus mihi. Decet
novercam dare hæc dona. Ergo
Ergo ego fœdantem peregrino templa cruore ego domui Busirin, foedantem
Busiria domui ? sævoque alimenta parentis 55 templa peregrino cruore ? que
E Antæo eripui ? nec me pastoris Iberi eripui alimenta parentis savo
Antæo ? nec triplex forma,
Forma triplex , nec forma triplex tua, Cerbere,
Cerbere, movit me? vosne ma
movit ? nus meæ pressistis cornua vali
Vosne, manus, validi pressistis cornua tauri ? di tauri ? Elis habet vestrum
2 Vestrum opus Elis habet, vestrum Stymphalides opus, Stymphalides undæ, Par
L theniumque nemushabent ves
undæ, 59 trum opus baltheus cœlatus
1 Partheniumque nemus ? vestrâ virtute relatus Thermodontiaco auro est rela
Thermodontiaco cælatus baltheus auro, tus vestrâ virtute, pomaque
Pomaque ab insomni malè custodita dracone ? malè custodita ab insomni drą
cone ? nec Centauri potuêre
Nec mihi Centauri potuêre resistere, nec mî resistere mihi, nec aper

I NOTES.

30. Miserandus.] scil. sim :
32. Laboribus ] To undergo difficulties.
45. Ergo.] Was it for this I conquered,
&c. This particle (ergo) is understood at the
head of every clause from this to (tuli) Ver.
70. Hercules burns with indignation, that
after having conquered the most fierce mon
sters, he himself should be overcome by a foul
disease. He makes mention of eighteen no
ble enterprises, which he undertook at the
command of Eurystheus.
55. Busirin.] Busiris was the son of Nep
tune, who after he had acted the tyrant in
Egypt, and sacrificed his guests, being laid
upon an altar by Hercules, had his throat cut.
(P)- -Parentis. ] Of his mother Terra.
56. Antæo.] Antæus was a giant of Lybia,
who slew every body that he overcame in
wrestling. (r)
Pastoris.] Of Geryon, who is said tohavehad
three heads, and to have reigned in Spain. (q)
57. Cerbere.] Is a dog with three heads,
one like that of a lion, another like a dog's,
and the third like a wolf's : He is said to be
the porter of Hell. Hercules is reported, by
the command of Eurystheus, to have dragged
this Cerberus, bound with a threefold chain,
to the gods. (k)
58. Tauri.] Vomiting out fire, whom Pa
siphae was in love with, who was brought by
Hercules from Crete to Peloponnese, to Eu
rystheus.
59. Elis.] Augeas, king of Elis, had a sta
ble which held 3000 oxen, and which had
not been cleansed for thirty years. He hired
Hercules to clean it, who did so by drawing
the river Alpheus through it : But Augeas re
fusing to pay the reward due to so laborious
a work, Hercules plundered his city, and
drove Augeas out of his kingdom. (f)
Stymphalides. Stymphalis is a lake of Ar
cadia ; frequented by water-fowl that had
iron wings, and so large, that they are said to
have obscured the sun these birds having
laid waste all Arcadia, were shot by Hercules.
They were called Stymphalides from the lake
Stymphalis. (c)
60. Partheniumque.] A mountain of Ar 1
cadia, where Hercules caught a Hind having
brazen feet and golden horns. (g)
Relatus.] For Hercules being commanded
by Eurystheus to bring him the golden girdle
of Hippolita, Queen ofthe Amazons ; he, to
gether with Theseus, overcame the Amazons,
that dwelt near the river Thermodon, and
brought away the queen's girdle.
61. Thermodontiaco.] Thermodon is a
river of Cappadocia.
62. Pomaque.] The Hesperian golden ap
ples were kept by a wakeful dragon. Hercu
les is also reported to have slain this dragon,
and brought the apples to Eurystheus. (*)
63. Centauri ] Hercules being hospitably
entertained by Pholus, vanquished the Cen
taurs, a people of Thessaly, that were half
men and halfhorses. For the Centaur Pholus,
having a tun of wine given him by Bacchus,
upon condition that he should broach it when
332 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IX.

vastator Arcadia, potuit resis- Arcadia vastator aper ? nec profuit Hydræ 64
tere, mihi ? nec profuit Hydra Crescere per damnum, geminasque resumere
crescere per damnum, que re
sumere geminas vires ? Quid? vires ? [pingues,
cùm vidi Thracas equos pin- Quid ? cùm Thracas equos humano sanguine
gues humano sanguine, que Plenaque corporibus laceris præsepia vidi,
præsepia plena laceris corpori- Visaque dejeci, dominumque ipsosque peremi ?
bus. Que dejeci visa, que pere
mi dominumque ipsosque ? His elisa jacet moles Nemeæa lacertis :
Nemeæa moles jacet elisa his Hâc cœlum cervice tuli ? defessa jubendo est 70
lacertis : tuli cœlum hâc cer- Sæva Jovis conjux : ego sum indefessus agendo.
vice ? sæva conjux Jovis est
defessa jubendo : ego sum in- Sed nova pestis adest ; cui nec virtute resisti,
defessus agendo. Sed nova pes- Nec telis armisve potest : pulmonibus errat
tis adest, cui nec potest resisti Ignis edax imis, perque omnes pascitur artus.
virtute, nec telis, armisve : e
dax ignis errat imis pulmoni At valet Eurystheus ; et sunt, qui credere possint
bus , que pascitur per omnes ar. Esse Deos ! dixit ; perque altam saucius Oëten
tus . At Eurystheus valet ; et Haud aliter graditur, quám si venabula tigris
sunt qui possunt credere esse
Corpore fixa gerat : factique refugerit auctor.
Deos ! Dixit ; que sauciusgra
ditur per altam Oeten, haud Sæpe illum gemitus edentem, sæpe frementem,
aliterquam sitigris gerat vena- Sæpe retentantem totas infringere vestes, 80
bula fixa corpore ; que auctor Sternentemque trabes, irascentemque videres
facti refugerit. Videres illum
sæpe edentem gemitus, sæpe Montibus, aut patrio tendentem brachia cœlo.
frementem, sæpe retentantem Ecce Lichan trepidum, et latitantem rupe cavatầ
infringere totas vestes, sternen- Adspicit ; utquedolor rabiem collegerat omnem :
temque trabes, irascentemque Tune, Licha, dixit, feralia dona tulisti ? 85
montibus, aut tendentem bra
chia patrio cœlo. Ecce adspicit Tune meæ necis auctor eris ? tremit ille, pavet
Lichan trepidum, et latitantem Pallidus : et timidè verba excusantia dicit. [que
cavatâ rupe ; utque dolor col- Dicentem, genibusque manus adhibere parantem
legerat omnem rabiem, dixit,
Tune, Licha, tulisti feralia do
na? Tune eris auctor meæ necis ? Ille pallidus tremit pavetque : et timidê dicit excusantia
verba. Alcides corripit eum dicentem que parantem adhibere manus genibus,

NOTES.

Hercules was present ; he, in honour of his
guest, invited the neighbouring Centaurs, who
got so drunk with this old wine, that they as
saulted the house of Pholus ; who was so ter
rified at their attempt, that he engaged Her
cules to protect him, who totally routed them.
64. Aper.] Which he carried alive to Eu
rystheus -Hydræ. ] For one head being cut
off, two grew up in its place.
66. Quid?] scil : dicam .
Thracas. ] The horses of Diomedes, king of
Thrace. For Hercules slew this monarch, who
fed his horses with the flesh of travellers. (n)
69. Elisa.] Strangled, choaked,
Moles.] He means a lion of a vast magni
tudé in the Nemaan wood. (b)
70. Cœlum tuli ] With this neck I have
supported Heaven, instead of Atlas. For
when the giants made war against Heaven,
the gods running all to one part, had like to
have overset it, wherefore Hercules assisted
Atlas, by supporting it with his shoulders.
Others affirm, that in old time, when Atlaş
was weary, and wanted to ease his shoulders,
‫ے‬Hercules
‫ک‬ held up the Heavens for him. (t)
72. Resisti-potest.] These verbs are taken
impersonally,
75. At Valet, &c.] He impiously concludes
that there are no gods to take care of human
affairs, since Eurystheus, who had no merit,
was alive and well ; and he, after all the ser
vices he had done mankind, was condemned
to a painful and inglorious death.
Eurystheus.] The son of Sthenelus, king
of Mycane, who, at the instigation of Juno,
put Hercules upon the most hazardous enter
prises.
80. Edentem- frementem- retentantem,
&c.] These participles seem, by their sound,
to express the agony and pain he felt.
85. Feralia.] Cruel, deadly.
87. Excusantia verba. ] Pleading his igno
rance.
88. Genibus.] To the knees of Hercules,
 FAB. IV. METAMORPHOSEON. 333

Corripit Alcides : et terque quaterque rotatum. et mittit rotatum terque qua

Mittit in Euboïcas, tormento fortiùs, undas. 90 terque fortius tormento in Eu
boïcas undas. Ille pendens
Ille per aëreas pendens induruit auras. induruit per aëreas auras. Ut
Utque ferunt imbres gelidis concrescere ventis ; que ferunt imbres concrescere
Inde nives fieri : nivibus quoque molle rotatis gelidis ventis : nives fieri inde :
nivibus quoque rotatis, molle
Adstringi et spissa glomerari grandine corpus: corpus adstringi, et glomerari
Sic illum validis actum per inane lacertis, 95 spissà grandine : sic prior æ
Exsanguemque metu, nec quicquam humoris tas edidit illum actum per in
ane validis lacertis, exsangu
habentem , emique metu, nec habentem
In rigidos versum silices prior edidit ætas. quicquam humoris, versum in
Nunc quoque in Euboïco scopulus brevis emi- rigidos silices. Quoque nunc
net altè brevis scopulus eminet altè in
Euboïco gurgite, et servat ves
Gurgite, et humanæ servat vestigia formæ. 99 tigia humanæ formæ. Quem,
Quem, quasi sensurum, nautæ calcare verentur, quasi sensurum, nautæ veren
Appellantque Lichan. At tu, Jovis inclyta proles, tur calcare, appellantque Lich
Arboribus cæsis, quas ardua gesserat Oete, an. Attu, inclyta proles Jovis,
arboribus cæsis, quas ardua
1 Inque pyram structis, arcus, pharetramque ca Oete gesserat, que structis in
pacem , pyram, jubes satum pæante
ferre, arcus que capacem pha
Regnaque visuras iterum Trojana sagittas,
Ferre jubes Pæante satum ; quo flamma ministro retram, que sagittas iterum
visuras Trojana regna, quo
Subdita : dumque avidis comprenditur ignibus ministro flamma subdita ;
agger, dumqueagger comprehenditur
avidis ignibus, sternis summam
Congeriem silvæ Nemeæo vellere summam congeriem silvæNemeæo velle
Sternis, et imposita clavæ cervice recumbis, re, et recumbis cervice imposita
Haud alio vultu, quàm si conviva jaceres clava, haud alio vultu, quàm
Inter plena meri redimitus pocula sertis. 110 si convivajaceres redimitus ser
Jamque valens , et in omne latus diffusa sonabat , tis
Jamque poculaetmeri.
plena valens
inter flamma dife
fusa in omne latus sonabat,

NOTES.

1
for the ancients supposed the knees to be the
seat of mercy, and therefore in the humblest
posture of supplication they embraced the
knees of the person whom they addressed.
90. Euboïcas.] Into the sea of Euboea.
Fortiùs.] With greater force than an en
gine of war.
91. Induruit. ] Was made hard ; for he
was turned into a rock.
92. Concrescere. ] To grow together, and
be united.
93, 94. Molle- corpus] The body which
had been soft, the snow.
97. Edidit.] The ancients relate.
99. Gurgite.] In the sea.
101. Lichan ] Broken off and mangled, so
that this rock appears, as it were, broken off
and divided from the rest of Cenæus .
Tu.] The poet shews the transformation of
Hercules into a god.
103. Pyram.Ĵ A funeral pile:
104. Trojans.] These arrows were first at
Troy, when Hercules, with Telamon and the
Argonauts sacked that city ; and again, when
it was destroyed by Agamemnon, on account
of the rape of Helena : for the Greeks being
told by the oracle that Troy could not be
taken without these arrows. Ulysses was sent
for Philoctetes who had them, and who was
delayed at Lemnos by the wound of an ar •
row : but he at last brought them to the
Greek army, that wa besieging Troy. See
Book XIII.
105. Ferre.] To possess.-Pæante satum.]
Philoctetes, the son of Pæan.
106. Aggere.] A pile of wood : it is pro
perly an heap of earth.
107. Nemeæo. ] Ofthe Nemean lion.
Summam.] The top of the pile.
109. Haud alio vultu. Therefore with all
cheerfulness he laid himself upon the pile.
111. Valens.] Prevailing.
334 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IX.

que petebat securos artus, que Securosque artus, contemptoremque petebat,

suum contemptorem. Dei ti- Flamma, suum . Timuêre Dei pro vindice terræ:
muere
SaturniusJupiter terræ ; quos Quos ita (sensit enim ) læto Saturnius ore 114
pro vindicealloquiturita
ketoore, (enimsensit) O Supe. Jupiter alloquitur : Nostra est timor iste voluptas,
ri iste timor est nostra volup- O Superi, totoque libens mihi pectore grator,
sas, que libens grator mihitoto Quòd memoris populi dicor rectorque paterque,
pectore quòd dicor rector que Et mea progenies vestro quoque tuta favore est,
pater populi, et mea
progenies quoque est ruta ves- Nam quanquam ipsius datur hoc immanibus
tro favore. Nam quanquam actis, 119
hoe datur immanibus actis ip: Obligor ipse tamen : sed enim ne pectora vano
sius, tamen ipse obligor : sed
enim ne fida pectora paveant Fida metu paveant, Oetæas spernite flammas.
vano metu, spernite Oetwas Omnia qui vicit, vincet, quos cernitis, ignes :
fammas. Qui vicit omnia, Nec nisi materna Vulcanum parte potentem
vincet ignes quos cernitis : nec Sentiet.
Æternum est à me quod traxit, et
sentiet potenten Vulcanum 124
nisi maternâ parte. Quod expers
traxit à me est æternum, et Atqueimmune necis, nullâque domabileflammâ,
expers atque immune necis, Idque ego, defunctum terra, cœlestibus oris
que domabile nullâ flammâ.
Que ego accipiam id, defunc- Accipiam, cunctisque meum lætabile factum
tum terrâ, cœlestibus oris,que Dis fore confido : si quis tamen Hercule, si quis |
confide meum factum forele- Forte Deo doliturus erit, data præmia nollet :
tabile cunctis Diis. Tamen si
quis fortè, si quis doliturus erit Sed meruissedari sciet, invitusque probabit. 130
Hercule Deo, etnollet præmia Assensêre Dei ; conjux quoque regia visa est
data : sed sciet meruisse dari, Cætera non duro, duro tamen ultima vultu
que probabit invitus. Dei as- Dicta tulisse Jovis, seque indoluisse notatam.
sensere : quoque regia conjux
aest non tulisse cætera duro Interea quodcunquefuit populabileflammæ, 134
(vultu)tamen ultima duro vul- Mulciber abstulerat : nec cognoscenda remansit
to que indoluisse se notatam. Herculis effigies : nec quidquam ab imagine
Intereà Mulciber abstulerat
ductum
quodcunque fuit populabile
flammæ : nec effigies Herculis Matris habet ; tantumque Jovis vestigia servat,
remansit cognoscenda : nec habet quidquam ductum ab imagine matris ; que servat vestigia
Jovis tantum. a insignibus. ⚫ origine.

NOTES.

11. Vindice terræ.] Hercules, who had
cleaved the earth of so many pests.
116. Grator ] I congratulate.
117. Memoris.] Mindful of me and my
favours, i. e. grateful.
118. Progenies. ] My son Hercules.
119. Hoc.] This kindness, this concern of
yours.
Immanibus .] His great achievements.
120. Obligor.] I confess I am obliged to
you.
121. Oetæas. ] In which Hercules was
burnt on Mount Oeta.
125. Maternà parte.] No part of him but
the human, which he derives from his mo
ther, shall suffer by the fire. Vulcanum
Fire. A Metonymy of the efficient.
126. Defunctum terrà. ] When it has dis
charged the earthly part, the body.
Coelestibus. ] Into Heaven.
127. Lætabile.] Joyful and grateful.
128, Si quis.] Jupiter hints at Juno, whose
implacable temper Hercules had severelyfelt ;
ifany resent, says he, that he should be dei
fied, they may as well sit down contented, for
deified he shall be.
150. Meruisse.] They will understand that
Hercules deserved to be admitted into the
number of gods .
133. Se-notatam.] scil. esse.
134. Populabile.] Corruptible.
155. Mulciber.] Vulcan, fire.
137. Vestigia Jovis.] The likeness of Ju
piter : For, as Jupiter was a god, such wa
Hercules made likewise,
 FAB. IV. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 335

Utque novus serpens, positâ cum pelle senectâ, Que ut novus serpens solet
Luxuriare solet, squamâque & nitere recenti ; luxuriare, positâ senectâ cum
pelle, que nitere recenti squa
Sic ubi mortales Tirynthius exuit artus, 140 mâ ; sic ubi Tirynthius exuit
Parte sui meliore viget, majorque videri mortales artus, viget meliore
Cœpit, et augustâ fieri gravitate verendus. [tum, parte sui, que cœpitviderima
jor, et fieri verendus augustâ
Quem pater omnipotens , inter cava nubila rap gravitate. Quem raptum in
Quadrijugo carru radiantibus intulit astris. ter cava nubilaquadrijugo cur
ru, omnipotens pater intulit
a virere. radiantibus astris.

NOTES

140. Tirynthius.] Whence Hercules was so divine ; for they imagined their gods tobe of
called : see before, Fab. I. an human form, but larger.
141. Parte, &c.] In immortality of mind. 144. Quadrijugo.] In a triumphal chariot
Major.] Greater, i. e. more than human, drawn by four horses.

EXP. FAB. II. III. & IV. Hercules, on his departure from the court of
Calydon, went to Trachina, in order to be absolved by Ceyx, the king of
that territory, of the murder he had committed ; but as he was to pass the
river Evenus, which had overflowed its banks, he directed Nessus the Cen
taur, to take his wife Dejanira to the other side, while he crossed it by
swimming. No sooner had Hercules got to a considerable distance, than
the Centaur attempted to carry her off ; Hercules perceiving his design,
wounded him with an arrow, which had been poisoned with the blood of
the Hydra. The Centaur, finding his wound mortal, resolved on revenge,
and dipped his Tunic in the blood that flowed from the wound, which he
gave to Dejanira, assuring her it would prove an effectual charm against the
infidelity of her husband ; for Hercules having taken a dislike to Dejanira,
who bore him Hyllus, had fallen in love with Iole, the daughter of Eury
tus, who refusing to give her to him, he subdued Oechalia, killed the king,
and carried off the princess. On his return from this expedition he sent
Lychas for his vestments, in order to prepare for the sacrifice he intended
to offer. Then Dejanira, in resentment of the ill treatment he had given
her, sent him either a Philtre which occasioned his death, or a Tunic be
smeared with the pitch found near Babylon, which when warm sticks close
to the skin ; this latter is, in all probability, what the poets and historians
mean by the Centaur's coat : however, Hercules finding the state of his
body so distempered, that he had no hopes of a recovery, killed Lychas
and threw him into the sea, where, as Ôvid relates, he was turned into a
rock. Hercules then went into Trachina, and having forced Dejanira to
put an end to her life, he consulted the Oracle concerning his disorder, but
could receive no other answer, than that he should go with his friends to
Mount Oeta, and there raise a funeral pile, which he immediately exe
cuted, and soon as it was finished, laid himself down on it with the great
est composure and resolution ; to this Philoctetes set fire, and the hero was
soon consumed. Incontinency, which was thus fatal to Hercules, is not
less so to others ; who, though they do not put on the envenomed Tunic,
are yet finally brought by it to a situation not less afflicting.

FAB. V. & VI. HERCULIS NATIVITAS. GALANTHIS IN MUSTELAM.

Juno, in order to be avenged of Alcmena for her amour with Jupiter, de

sires Lucina, the goddess that presides over births, not to assist her at
336 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IX.

the birth of Hercules. Lucina obeys, and in the form of an old woman
places herself at the gate of Alcmena's palace, where she increases the
Princess's pains, and opposes her delivery. Galanthis, one of her maids,
seeing the old woman, imagines she might have some ill influence on her
mistress's labour ; wherefore, in hopes to make her retire, she declares
that Alcmena is brought to bed. Immediately upon this Lucina departs :
Alcmena's pains abate, and the young hero is born. The goddess , to
punish Galanthis, transforms her into a Weasel, a creature which brings
forth its young by the mouth.

Atlas sensit pondus : neque SENSIT Atlas pondus : neque adhuc Sthe
Stheneleïus Eurystheus adhuc neleïus iras
solverat iras, que atrox exer [num
cebat paternum odium in pro- Solverat Eurystheus, odiumque in prole pater
le : at Argolis Alcmene anxia Exercebat atrox : at longis anxia curis
longis curis habet Iolen, ubi Argolis Alcmene, questus ubi ponat aniles,
ponataniles questus, cui referat 5
labores nati testatos orbe, cuive Cui referat nati testatos orbe labores,
suoscasus. Hyllus receperat il- Cuive suos casus, Iolen habet. Herculis illam
lam, imperiis Herculis, thala- Imperiis, thalamoque animoque, receperat
moque animoque implerat
Hyllus : [sic
que uterum generoso germine.
Cui sic Alcmene incipit : Nu. Incipit Alcmene : Faveant tibi Numina saltem ;
mina faveant tibi saltem ; cor- Corripiantque moras tunc, cùm matura vocabis
ripiantque moras tunc, cùm Præpositam timidis parientibus Ilithyïam : 11
matura vocabis Ilithyiam præ- Quam mihi difficilem Junonis gratia fecit .
positam timidis parientibus :
quam gratia Junonis fecit dif- Namque laboriferi cùm jam natalis adesset
ficilem mihi. Namque cùm Herculis, et decimum premeretur sidere signum,
jam natalis laboriferi Herculis Tendebat gravitas uterum mihi, quodque fere
adesset, et decimum signum
bam 15
premeretur sidere, gravitas ten
debat uterum mihi, que quod Tantum erat, ut posses auctorem dicere tecti
ferebam erat tantum, ut pos- Ponderis esse Jovem. Nec jam tolerare labores
ses dicere Jovem esse aucto- Ulteriùs poteram : quin nunc quoque frigidus
rem tecți ponderis. Nec jam
poteram tolerare labores ulte artus
riùs : quin frigidus horror ha
bct artus nunc quoque.

NOTES.

1
1. Pondus.] Hercules being taken into Hea
ven made the burden of Atlas the greater.
2. Prole.] Against his offspring. For he
acted with malice against Hyllus, and the
rest ofthe sons of Hercules.
3. Atrox.] Cruel, which persecuted the
sons of Hercules undeservedly.
4. Argolis.] Argolic, who, after the death
of Hércules went to Thebes, and dying there
merited divine honours
Questus.] An old woman's complaints.
5. Testatos. ] The achievements, owned and
celebrated.
7. Hyllus.] Was the son of Hercules by
Dejanira.
10. Corripiant.] May they make shorter.
Matura.] Near child-birth.
11. Ilithyiam.] Ilithyia is a goddess who is
said to preside over women in labour. She
is called Lucina, because she brings new-born
children into the world. She is reported to
be the daughter of Juno, and Ovid seems to
confirm that opinion.
12. Difficilem.] An enemy (has set against
me. )- Gratia .] The power of Juno, which
had such an influence over Ilithyia, that she
who ought to have been my helper became
my enemy.
14. Decimum.] And when it was now the
tenth month: For there are twelve Signs of
the Zodiac, by which the twelve months are
distinguished.
15. Tendebat.] Did swell out.
Gravitas. The weight.
I FAB. IV. METAMORPHOSEON. 337

Dum loquor, horror habet : parsque est memi- dum loquor ; que est pars dolo
nisse doloris. 19 ris meminisse. Ego cruciata
per septem noctes, totidem di
Septem ego per noctes, totidem cruciata diebus, ebus, fessa malis, que tendens
Fessa malis , tendensque ad cœlum brachia, magno brachia ad cœlum, vocabam
Lucinama Nixosque pares, clamore vocabam. Lucinam, que pares Nixos,
magno clamore. Quidem illa
Illa quidem venit, sed præcorrupta, meumque venit,sed præcorrupta, que quæ
Quæ donare caput Junoni vellet iniquæ. 24 vellet donare meum caput ini
Utque meos audit gemitus, subsedit in illâ quæ Junoni. Utque audit
meos gemitus, subsedit in illà
Ante fores arà, dextroque à poplite lævum arâ ante fores, que pressa læ
Pressa genu, digitis inter se pectine junctis, vum genu a dextro poplite,
Sustinuit partus : tacità quoque carmina voce digitis junctis inter se pectine,
sustinuit partus ; quoque dixit
Dixit ; et inceptos tenuerunt carmina partus. carmina tacitâ voce; et carmi
Nitor, et ingrato facio convicia demens 30 na tenuerunt inceptos partus.
Vana Jovi, cupioque mori ; moturaque duras Nitor, et demens facio vana
Verba queror silices. Matres Cadmeïdes adsunt convicia ingrato Jovi, cupioque
Votaque suscipiunt, exhortanturque & dolentem. mori : et queror verba motura
duras silices ; Cadmeides ma
Una ministrarum , mediá de plebe, Galanthis, tres adsunt ; que suscipiunt
Flava comas, aderat, faciendis strenua jussis: 35 vota, que exhortantur dolen
Officiis dilecta suis. Ea sensit iniquâ tem. Galanthis, una minis
trarum, de media plebe, flava
Nescio quid Junone geri : dumque exit, et intrat comas, strenua faciendis jussis,
Sæpe fores, divam residentem vidit in arà, dilecta suis officiis, aderat. Ea
Brachiaque in genibus digitis connexa tenentem: sensit nescio quid geri iniquâ
Et, quæcunque es, ait, dominæ gratare ; levata Junone ; dumque sæpe exit et
intrat fores, vidit Divam resi
est 40 dentem in arâ, tenentem brac
Argolis Alcmene, potiturque puerpera cс voto. hia connexa digitis in genibus,
Exsiluit ; junctasque manus pavefacta remisit , et ait, Quæcunque es, gratare
Diva potens uteri ; vinclis levor ipsa remissis. ' domina : Argolis Alcmene le
vata est, que puerpera potitur
Numine decepto risisse Galanthida fama est. voto. Diva potens uteri exsil
Ridentem, prensamque ipsis Dea sæva capillis uit, que pavefacta remisitjunc
tas manus ; ipsa levor vinclis
Traxit, et è terrâ corpus relevare volentem 46 remissis. Fama est Galanthida
Arcuit, inque pedes mutavit brachia primos. risisse numine decepto. Sæva
Deatraxit ridentem, que pren
sam capillis ipsis, et arcuit volentem relevare corpus è terrâ, quæ mutavit brachia in primos
pedes.
a nixus. b timentem. c nato.

1
NOTES.

19. Horror.] A shivering. 32. Cadmeides.] The Theban women. "

22. Nixos.] The nixi are gods that preside
over lying -in women.
23. Præcorrupta. ] Being before corrupted
and suborned by Juno.
24. Caput. ] My life.
Iniquæ .] Incensed.
1M 26. Dextro poplite. ] With her right ham.
27. Pectine.] Her fingers being joined
like a comb or lattice.
28. Sustinuit. ] She delayed, put off,
Carmina.] Enchantments.
29. Tenuerunt.] They kept back.
50. Nitor.] I strain hard for delivery.
31. Vana.] Profiting me nothing.
X X
58. Divam.] Ilythyia, or Lucina.
40. Gratare.] Congratulate.
Levata est. Is delivered in child-birth.
41. Puerpera. ] Which was now delivered.
Voto.] She has obtained what she desired."
42. Pavefacta.] Stupified.
43. Diva.] Ilithyia.
Vinclis ] The fingers which the goddess
had hitherto held joined together, like one
comb in another, ( which were as bands to
me and an hinderance to the birth) being
opened, I was delivered.
47. Arcuit.] She hindered Galinthis to rise
from the earth, when she would have done it
338 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IX.

Antiqua strenuitas manet : nec
terga amisêre suum colorem ;
orma est diversa priori. Quæ,
quia juverat parientemmenda-
ci ore, parit ore : que frequen-
tat nostras domos, ut et antè.
Strenuitas antiqua manet : nec terga colorem
Amisêre suum : forma est diversa priori.
Quæ, quia mendaci parientem juverat ore,
Ore parit : nostrasque domos, ut et antè, fre
quentat.

NOTES.
48. Strenuitas. ] Agility. from her frequently moving them from place
51. Ore. It is a vulgar opinion, that the to place with her mouth.Ut et ante.] As
weasel brings forth her young at her mouth, before when she was a servant.

EXP . FAB. V. AND VI. The birth of Hercules, the subject of the present
Fable, contains circumstances which require to be considered for the better
understanding them. According to Diodorus Siculus and Apollodorus,
Amphitryon was the son of Alceus, the son of Perseus ; and Alcmena his
wife, was the daughter of Electryon , the son of the same hero Perseus ;
thus they were cousin-germans. When their marriage was near being ac
complished, it was delayed by an unforeseen accident : Electryon , king of
Mycenae, who had been taking vengeance of the sons of Taphius, for the
death of his children , returned victorious, and brought with him his flocks
which they had driven away. Amphitryon, who went to meet him to con
gratulate him upon the happy success of that expedition, threw his Club at
a cow that straggled from the rest, which unfortunately killed his uncle.
That death, though involuntary, lost him the kingdom of Mycenæ, which
should have been the dowry of Alcmena . Sthenelus, the brother of Elec
tryon, taking advantage of the public aversion which that action had drawn
upon the prince, drove him out of the country of Argos, and made himself
master of his brother's dominions, which he left at his death to his son
Eurystheus, the great persecutor of Hercules. Amphitryon, obliged thus
to retire to Thebes, was expiated there by Creon ; but when he thought to
marry Alcmena, who went along with him to that prince's court, she pub
licly declared that, not being satisfied with the revenge which her father
had taken on the Telebox, * she would only consent to be the prize of him
who should declare war against them. Amphitryon accepted the conditions,
and making an alliance with Creon , Cephalus, and some other princes, went
to ravage the islands which his enemies possessed ; and making himself
master of them, gave one to Cephalus, as I have already remarked in
Cephalus's history.
It was during this war that Hercules came into the world ; and whether
Amphitryon had consummated his marriage before his departure ; whether
he returned to Thebes incognito, or to Tyrintha, where it was thought he
was born, it was published that Jupiter, to deceive Alcmena, had taken the
form of her husband, and was the father of the young prince : a fable that
was spread abroad to cover some intrigue which Alcmena had ; or perhaps
it was only said in process of time that Jupiter, instead of Amphitryon , was
the father ofAlcides, upon account of the extraordinary valour of that prince.
The ancient poets add, that Juno kept back the birth of Hercules, till the
mother of Eurystheus was delivered ; which was the cause of his being sub
ject and almost a slave to that king ; though others pretend that the matter
was decided by the Oracle at Delphi. However that be, here is the source
of the heroism of Hercules, whom the king of Mycena obliged to purge

* Taphius had given his subjects the name of Teleboës, because of their settling in a place
@great distance from their native country.
 FAB. VI. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 339

Greece of the robbers and wild beasts that infested it. This service he
performed at the head of Eurystheus's troops which he commanded, as we
read in Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Lib. I. Here is then the explanation
of all those pretended persecutions attributed to the jealousy of Juno, but
which ought to be ascribed to the policy of the court of Mycena.
Of the great number of exploits said to be performed by the Grecian
Hercules, surnamed Alcides, we shall principally confine ourselves to the
explanation of those called by eminence, his Twelve Labours.
EXPLICATION OF HERCULES'S LABOURS.

(a) Alcides in his youth, killed some ser going to put her to death, and returned her
pents, and to embellish that action with the to Admetus : this is the foundation of the
marvellous, he was said to be then in his cra fable which says he recovered her from
dle, and that they had been sent by Juno to Hell, after having vanquished Death, and
devour him. (b) In the forest of Nemea were bound him in chains. (m) The Amazons
a great number of lions that ravaged the were in great reputation in the time of Al
country ; our hero hunted them, and killed cides, and their frequent conquests had ren
the most furious amongst them, whose skin dered them very formidable to their neigh
he always wore. (c) Several thieves, as bours. Eurystheus ordered that prince to go
M. Naseas reports, kept about the Lake and bring away Hippolita's girdle ; that is to
Stymphale in Arcadia, of whom Hercules say, make war against them, and carry off
freed the country. The nails and wings, their treasure. Hercules embarked on the
which the poets gave them, in representing Euxine Sea, arrived on the banks ofthe Ther
them as birds, shew their cruelty and agi modon, and giving battle to those heroines,
lity. (d ) The Marshes of Lerna, near Argos, defeated them ; part were killed, and the rest
were infested by a great number of serpents, put to flight ; he took Hippolita, or Antiope,
which increased as fast as they were destroy prisoner, whom he gave to Theseus, but their
ed ; but he setting fire to the place destroy queen Menalippa redeemed herself by giving
ed them. This was the Hydra of Lerna, whose up the famous girdle, that is to say, by pay
heads grew as fast as they were cut off. (e) ing her ransom. (n) It was very probable,
! The forest of Erymanthus was filled with that in this voyage he killed Diomedes, king
wild boars, which laid waste the country ; of Thrace, and brought away his mares, which
these he destroyed, and brought one with it was said he fed with human flesh. (0) In
him to the court of Eurystheus, which so af returning by Thessaly, he embarked with his
frighted the king, that he ran to hide him Argonauts ; but leaving them afterwards went
self. (f) The stables of Augeas, king of Elis, to Troy, delivered Hesione from the monster
were overloaded with dung, owing to the that was to have devoured her ; and not re
great number of oxen that prince kept, ceiving from Laomedon the recompense which
and Hercules being obliged to cleanse them, had been promised him, he killed that prince,
turned the course of the river Alpheus, and sacked the town, and brought away Hesione,
caused it to flow through them. ` (g) Hav whom he gave to Telamon, his companion
ing pursued for a whole year an Hind, which in that expedition, and assistant in the
Eurystheus had commanded him to take, it work.
was said that she had feet of brass. (h) These are the Labours of Hercules in
The river Achelous having overflowed the Greece, in Thrace, and Troas. The poets have
country, he raised banks to it. (i) Theseus be recounted several others in distant countries,
ing a prisoner in Epirus, where he had been which I have designedly separated, as in all
with Pirithous to carry off the daughter of probability they should not have been attri
Aidoneus, was released by Hercules, which buted to the Grecian Hercules. (p) The first
is the foundation of the fable that says he is his expedition to encounter Geryon, when
went down to Hell. ( ) In the cavern of he was so incommoded by the Sun, that he
Tænarus, was a monstrous serpent ; he had shot his arrows at him. (4) The Sun, admir
orders to kill it ; and this was the Cerberus ing his courage, made him a present of a
chained by our hero. (1) Pelias having golden goblet ; in which, as Pherecydes re
been killed by his daughters, his son Acas ports, he embarked, and arriving in Spain,
tus pursued them as far as the court of Ad defeated Geryon, a prince so famous for his
metus, who, refusing to deliver up Alcestis, three heads ; that is, he either reigned over
with whom he was in love, was taken pri three islands, supposed to be Majorca, Minor
soner in an engagement, and delivered by ca, and Ebusa ; or else, Hercules defeated three
that generous princess, who would herself princes, who were in strict alliance. He
be his ransom. Hercules, being then in Thes thence passed the Straits of Gibraltar to Afri
sly, took her away from Acastus, who was ca, where he fought with Antæus, who oppos
340 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IX.

ed his landing. That prince is said to have
been a son ofthe earth, and to have recover
ed new strength still when flung upon the
ground ; so that Hercules was obliged to
squeeze him to death in his arms ; that is,
finding Antæus was not to be conquered in
his own country, where he continually re
cruited his army, he engaged him at sea,
where he was vanquished, as were the Pyg
mies who came to his assistance ; these we
must suppose to be some Africans of low sta
ture, who were his allies. (s) Hercules in
his way home by land , passed through Gaul,
with the flocks of Geryon into Italy, where
Cacus, a famous robber, who stole some of
his oxen, inhabited the caverns of mount
Aventine ; but our hero, with the assistance
of Evander and Faunus, slew him, and shared
his spoils with his confederates. (t) In his
journey from Africa, Hercules delivered Atlas
from the persecution of Busiris, whom he
killed ; and gave such good counsel to the
Mauritanian king, that it was said he sup
ported the heavens some time upon his own
shoulders to ease him. Atlas, to acknowledge
the important services he had received from
that hero, made him a present of some
fine sheep, or rather of some orange and le
mon tree, which he carried with him into
Greece. These are the golden apples watched
by a dragon in the gardens of the Hespe
rides. As the ocean here terminated our
hero's conquests, it was said that he raised
two pillars, to shew it was his ne plus ultra.
(u) The deliverance of Prometheus, which
I have explained in the history ofthat prince ;
(a) the death of the two Cercopes, who were
famous robbers ; (y) the defeat of the Ma
rathon Bull ; (x) the death of Lygis, who dis
puted with him the passage of the Alps ; (aa)
that of the giant Alcyoneus, who killed 24
men with the stone he threw at him ; (bb)
that of Eryx, king of Sicily, whom he killed
with one blow of a Cestus, for refusing to de
liver him the oxen which he had stolen from
him ; (cc) the combat with Cycnus, which
was ended by a clap of thunder, that separat
ed the two combatants ; (dd) another combat
against the giants, in the plain of La Craux
in Provence, when Jupiter rained that great
quantity of stones which rain there to this
day ; all these are attributed to Hercules.
He is also said to have been the father of &
prodigious number of children, and we are
assured that he begot 50 in one night, by the
50 daughters of Thespius,
I shall close this abridgement of the histo
ry of our hero, referring to Diodorus Siculus,
Dionysius Halicarnasseus, and amongst the
moderns, Vossius, and Father Montfaucon
for a further account of his transactions.

FAB. VII. VIII. & IX. DRYOPE IN ARBOREM LOTON. IOLAUS IN ADOLES
CENTEM. CALLIRHOESIN JUVENES.

The Nymph Lotis being pursued by Priapus, is in her Flight changed into
a Tree. Dryope, going to sacrifice to the Naïads at that place, without
knowing any Thing of the Matter, breaks off a branch for her Child,
which she carries with her, and passes through the same Metamorphosis.
Whilst fole relates this Accident to Alcmena, she is surprised to see her
Brother Iolaus restored to Youth again. The Poet introduces upon this
Occasion Themis's Prediction concerning the children of Callirrhoë.

Dixit ; et ingemuit com- DIXIT ; et admonitu veteris commota mini

mota admonitu veteris minis stræ
træ ; quam dolentem nurus
sic est affata : O genitrix, fa- Ingemuit ; quam sic nurus est affata dolentem :
cies rapta tamen alienæ vestro Te tâmen, ô genitrix, alienæ sanguine vestro
sanguine movet te. Quid si Rapta movet facies ? Quid si tibi mira sororis
referam tibi mira fata meæ
sororis ? quanquam lacrymæ- Fata meæ referam ? quanquam lacrymæque
que dolorque dolorque

NOTES.

1. Dixit. ] Alcmene made an end ofspeak Mira fata.] Misfortunes to be wondered at.
ing.-Admonitu.] By the rememberance. 5. Lacrymæ. When Iole told this, asthe
Repta.] Taken away. manner of women is, she shed tears.
Facios.] The form.Quid.] seil Dices.
FAB. VII. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 341

Impediunt, prohibentque loqui. Fuit unica matri impediunt, prohibentqueloqui.

Fuit unica matri (pater genuit
(Me pater ex aliâ genuit) notissima formâ me: exaliâ) Dryope, notissima
Oechalidum Dryope : quam virginitate carentem, Oechalidum formâ ; quam ca
Vimque Dei passam Delphos Delonque tenentis, rentem virginitate, que passam
Excipit Andræmon, et habetur conjuge felix. vím Dei tenentis Delphos et
Est lacus acclivi devexo margine formam 11 Delon, Andræmon excipit, et
habetur felix conjuge. Est
Littoris efficiens : summum myrteta coronant. lacus efficiens formam acclivi
Venerat huc Dryope fatorum nescia : quoque littoris devexo margine ; myr
Indignere magis, Nymphis latura coronas. " teta coronant summum. Dry
ope, nescia fatorum, venerat
Inque sinu puerum, qui nondum impleverat an huc quoque indigner
e magis,
num, 15 latura coronas Nymphis. Que
Dulce ferebat onus, tepidique ope lactis alebat. ferebat in sinu puerum, qui
Haud procul à stagno, Tyrios imitata colores, nondum impleverat annum,
dulce onus, que alebat ope te
In spem baccharum florebat aquatica Lotos. pidi lactis. Aquatica lotos,
Carpserat hinc Dryope, quos oblectamina nato imitata Tyrios colores, in spem
Porrigeret, flores : et idem factura videbar; 20 baccharum florebat haud pro
cul à stagno. Dryope carp
Namque aderam. Vidi guttas è flore cruentas serat flores hinc, quos porrige
Decidere, et tremulo ramos horrore moveri. ret nato oblectamina ; et vide
Scilicet, ut referunt tardi nunc denique agrestes, bar factura idem ; namque
Vidi cruentas gut
Lotis in hanc Nymphe, fugiens obscoena Priapi, aderam. tas decidere è flore, et ramos
Contulerat versos servato nomine vultus. 25 moveri tremulo horrore. Scili
Nescierat soror hoc ; quæ cùm perterrita retrò cet, ut nunc denique tardi
Ire et adoratis vellet discedere Nymphis ; agrestes referunt, Nymphe
Lotis, fugiens obscæna Priapi,
Hæserunt radice pedes. Convellere pugnat ; contuler
at vultus versos in
Nec quicquam, nisi summa, movet. Succrescit hanc. nomine servato. Soror
ab imo, nescierat hoc, que cum perter
Totaquepaulatimlentus a premitinguina cortex. rita vellet ire retro, et disce
31 dere Nymphis adoratis ; pedes
Ut vidit ; conata manu laniare capillos, hæserunt radice. Pugnat con
Fronde manum implevit : frondes caput omne vellere; nec quicquam movet,
tenebant. nisisumma Lentus cortex suc
At puer Amphissos ( namque hoc avus Eurytus illi crescit ab imo, quepremitpau
latim tota inguina. Ut vidit ;
conata laniare capillos manu, implevit manum fronde ; frondes tenebant omne caput. At
puer Amphissos (namque avus Eurytus
a subit.

NOTES.

7. Pater.] In this Parenthesis Iole shews
how Dryope was her mother's only daughter.
8. Oechalidum. Ofthe virgins of Oechalia.
9. Delphos ] A Periphrasis of Apollo, who
had Delphos and Delos in possession.
12. Myrteta.] A place planted with myr
tle-trees. This tree is dedicated to Venus.
13. Huc.] Thither,-Fatorum.] Ofher fate.
17. Tyrios.] Purple.
18. Spem. ] For the berries appear after the
flowers.-Aquatica ] Growing nigh the wa
ter. When the Nymph Lote was pursued
by Priapus, with intent to deflower her, she
was compassionated by the gods, and turned
into a Lote-tree.
1 23. Tardi.] Stupid countrymen, because
they did not take much notice of it before her
sister was lost.- Denique.] Now at last, af
ter the loss of her sister.
24. Obscœna. ] With which he defends gar
dens. (Priapus is represented with his Virile
member erect, because they who robbed gar
dens were delivered over to the servants, by
the keeper of the garden, to be deflowered.
This appears plain from the Priapeia.)
28. Pugnat.] She endeavours.
29. Summa ] Her upper parts ; for her
feet were already turned into roots.
30. Lentus. Tough. ( Various and contrary
things are signified by this word Lentus, and
all that are denoted by the Greek word
yλioxsos, to which it answers exactly.
342 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IX.
1
addiderat illi hocnomen) sen- Addiderat nomen) materna rigescere sentit
tit materna ubera rigescere : Ubera : nec sequitur ducentem lacteus humor.
Nec lacteus humor sequitur
decentem. Aderain spectatrix Spectatrix aderam fati crudelis, opemque 36
crudelis fati, que soror nen Non poteram tibi ferre soror ; quantumque
poteramferre opem tibi ; quan valebam, [bar:
tumque valebam morabar, am
plexa crescentem truncum Crescentem truncum ramosque amplexa, mora
ramosque ; et (fateor) volui Et ( fateor ) volui sub eodem cortice condi.
condi sub codem cortice Ecce Ecce vir Andræmon, genitorque miserrimus ad
vir Andræmon, que miserri sunt, [illis
mus genitor adsunt. Et quæ
runt Dryopen : ostendi Loton Et quærunt Dryopen : Dryopen quærentibus
illis quærentibus Dryopen, Ostendi Loton : tepido dant oscula ligno : 42
dant oscula tepido ligno, af- Affusique suae radicibus arboris hærent . [bas,
fusique hærent radicibus suæ Nil nisi jam faciem, quod non foret arbor, habe
arboris. Jam, chara soror,
habebas nil nisi faciem quod Chara soror : lacrymæ à verso de corpore factis
non foret arbor : lacrymæ Irrorant foliis : ac dum licet, oraque præstant
irrorant foliis factis de verso Vocis iter, tales effundit in aëra questus :
corpore ; ac dum licet, oraque
præstant iter vocis, effundit Si qua fides miseris, hoc me per Numinajuro
tales questus in aëra : Si est Non meruisse nefas : patior sinè crimine pœnam.
qua fides miseris, juro per Viximus innocuæ : si mentior, arida perdam, 50
Numina me non meruisse ne
fas ; patior pecnam sinè cri- Quas habeo, frondes, et cæsa securibus urar.
mine. Viximus innocua : si Hunc tamen infantem maternis demite ramis,
mentior, arida perdam frondes Et date nutrici : nostrâque sub arbore sæpe
quas habeo,
urar. cæsae securibus
Tamenetdemit hunc in Lac facitote bibat, nostrâque sub arbore ludat.
fantem maternis ramis, etdate Cumque loqui poterit, matrem facitote salutet : 55
nutrici : que facitote ut bibat Et tristis dicat, Latet hôc sub stipite mater.
lac sæpe sub nostrà arbore, Stagna tamen timeat : nec carpat ab arbore flores ;
que ludat sub nostra arbore. Et frutices omnes corpus putet esse Dearum .
Cumque poterit loqui, facitote
salutet matrem : et tristis di- Chare , vale, conjux , et tu germana , paterque,
cat, Mater latet sub hoc stipite; Quîs si qua est pictas, ab acutæ vulnere falcis,
tamen timeat stagna : nec car- A pecoris morsu , frondes defendite nostras . 61
pat flor ab arbo : et putet Et quoniam mihi fas ad vos incumbere non est,
omnes esfrutices re esse corpus
Dearum . Vale, chare conjux, Erigite huc artus , et ad oscula nostra venite ,
et tu germana, paterque, quis Dum tangi possunt, parvumque attollitenatum .
si est qua pietas , defendite
nostras frondes ab vulnere a
cutæ falcis, a morsu pecoris. Et quoniam non est fas mihi incumbere ad vos, erigite artus
huc, et venite ad nostra oscula dum possunt tangi, que attollite parvum natum.
a misero. b possum .

NOTES.

34. Rigescere. To become hard. 47. Questus.] Complaints.

35. Ducentem. ] Drawing, sucking the
breast - Lacteus humor. ] Milk.
36. Fati.] Of her transformation. Iole
wept while she related these things.
38. Morabar. ] I delayed.
40. Genitorque.] Eurytus.
42. Tepido ] Yet warm, as into which
Dryope was but just now turned.
45. Affusique.] Lying fat on their faces.
Sue. ] Into which the wife of one, and
daughter of the other, was changed.
46. Irrorant. ] Drop upon the leaves like
dew,-Dum licet. ] While she is able.
49. Nefas.] An unmerited, unjust punish.
ment, the Antecedent forthe Consequent; for
injustice and wickedness go before, and pu
nishment follows.
Sinè crimine.] Without fault. I suffer for
no wilful fault.
50. Innocuæ.] Innocent.
56. Stipite.] The trunk of the tree. These
and the following lines are inimitably elegant.
58. Frutices.] Lowshrubs. Frutex is ofa
middle kind, between trees and herb.
Corpus Dearum.] Let him imagine a god❤
dess enshrined in every tree,
 FAB. VIII. METAMORPHOSEON. 343

Pluraloqui nequeo : namjam per candida mollis Nequeo loquiplura : nam jam
Colla liber serpit, summoque cacumine condor. mollis liber serpit per candida
colla, que condor summo cacu
Ex oculis removete manus ; sinè munere vestro mine. Removete manus ex o
Contegat inductus morientia lumina cortex. culis. Cortex inductus contegat
Desierant simul ora loqui, simul esse, diuque, morientia luminaora sinè vestro
desierant
munere. Simul
Corpore mutato, rami caluere recentes. 70 loqui, simul esse, que recentes
Dumque refert Iole fatum a miserabile, dumque rami caluere diu, mutato cor
Eurytidos lacrymas admoto pollice siccat pore. Dumque Iole refert mi
serabile factum, dumque Alc
Alcmene, ( flet et ipsa tamen) compescuit omnem
Res nova tristitiam : nam limine constitit alto mene siccatlacrymasEurytidos
pollice admoto : (tamen et ipsa
Penè puer, dubiâque tegens lanugine malas, 75 flet) nova res compescuit om
Ora reformatus primos Iolaus in annos. nem tristitiam: nam Iolaus,pe
Hoc illi dederat Junonia muneris Hebe, nê puer, que tegens malas du
bia lanugine, constitit in alto
Victa viri precibus. Quæ cùm jurare pararet liumine, reformatus ora in pri
Dona tributuram posthac se talia nulli ; 79 mos annos. Junonia Hebe,
Non est passa Themis : nam jam discordia Theba victa precibus viri,, dederat ilii
Bella movent, dixit; Capaneusque nisi ab Joye hoc muneris. Quæ, cùm pa
raretjurare setributuram post
vinci hac talia dona nulli, Themis
Haud poterit : ibuntque pares in vulnera fratres, non est passa ; nam dixit, Jam
Thebæ movent discordia bella,
Seductâque suos manes tellure videbit
Vivus adhuc vates, ultusque parente parentem Capaneusque ; quepoteritvin
ci nisi ab Jovehaud pares fra
Natus erit facto pius et sceleratus eodem : 85 tres ibunt in vulnera, que va
Attonitusque malis exul mentisque domûsque, tes adhuc vivus videbit suos
Vultibus Eumenidum matrisque agitabitur um- manes tellure seductâ, que na
tus ultus parentem parente erit
bris, pius et sceleratus eodemfacto;
Donec eum conjux fatale poposcerit aurum, attonitusque malis, exul men
tisque domûsque, agitabitur
vultibus Eumenidum que umbris matris, donec conjux poposcerit eum fatale aurum,

a mirabile.

3
NOTES.

66. Liber.] Bark, from whence books
have, in Latin, that name ; because the anci
ents were wont to write on Libris ; i. e. on
the barks of trees.
67. Ex oculis. &c.] There is no need for
you to shut my dying eyes ; the invading bark
will perform that office.
69. Esse.] The appearance of the mouth
ceased with the utterance.
72. Eurytidos. ] Of Iole, the daughter of
Eurytus.
75. Dubiâque.] Which was scarce seen
because of its fineness, Lanugo is that
F downy beard which first appears on youthful
faces.
8
77. Hebe.] This is the goddess of youth,
or youth itself, the daughter of Juno, who
was married to Hercules after his translation
into heaven.
78. Viri. ] Of her husband Hercules.
79. Dona,] To restore any one to youth.
80. Themis.] The goddess ofjustice.
81. Capaneus. He was one ofthe generals
said to be slain at the siege of that city, by a
thunderbolt of Jupiter.
85. Seductaque. ] The earth being taken
away. For Amphiaraus was swallowed up
by the opening of the earth.
84. Ultusque. ] He shall avenge. The
prophet Amphiaraus, knowing that he was
betrayed by his wife Eriphyle, commanded his
son Alcmæon, after his death, to slay his
another Eriphyle ; who having performed
this, and being stung with remorse at the
atrociousness of the deed, ran mad.
85. Pius ] In avenging his father.
Sceleratus. ] Impious in killing his mother.
86. Exul mentis, & c. ] Mad, and flying
from his house.
88. Conjux.] Callirhoë was the daughter
of Achelous.Fatale. ] A perniciousjewel,
which was a perpetual source of misfortunes
to the possessor ; and that Alcmawon gave to
his mother Alphesibæa,
 344 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IX.

que Phegeïus ensis hauserit Cognatumque latus Phegeïus hauserit ensis.

cognatum latus. Tumdemum Tum demum magno petit hos Acheloïa supplex
Acheloïa Callirhoë supplex
petit ab Jove hos annos infan- Ab Jove Callirhoë natis infantibus annos . 91
tibus natis. Jupiter motus his, Jupiter his motus privignæ dona nurusque
præcipiet dona privigne nu Præcipiet, facietque viros impubibus annis.
rusque, facietque viros impu
bibus annis
NOTES.
89. Phegeïus.] Ofthe sons of Phegeus, by 92. Privignæ.] His step-daughter. For
whom Alcinæon was slain. Hebe was the daughter of Juno, without the
Hauserit. ] Opened, wounded. participation of her husband ; and was the
90. Demum.] Then at last, after her hus daughter-in-law of Jupiter, because married
band was slain. to his son Hercules.
Acheloïa.] Callirhoë, the daughter of 93. Impubibus annis. ] Shall changethem
Achelous, the wife of Alcmaon, from boys to men.

EXP. FAB. VII. VIII. & IX. The adventures of Dryope are to be consi
dered as of little importance ; and by the renewal of the years of Iolaus we
are to understand, that he in an advanced state of life shewed great signs
of vigour: Amphiterus and Acarnanus, to whom Hebe is said to have added
years, we are to look on as two young princes who revenged their father's
death in a manner that could not be expected from their early days.

FAB. X. BYBLIDIS LACRYME IN FONTEM .

Byblis falls in love with her Brother Caunus , and her passion is so much
inflamed, that he is obliged to quit his courtry to avoid the Extrava
gancies of her incestuous love. She follows him, and in her way through
Caria is changed into a fountain.

Ubihæc
dixit Themis, præscia
faticano ore, futuri,
Superi HÆC ubi faticano venturi præscia dixit
fremebant vario sermone : et Ore Themis, vario Superi sermone freme
erat murmur, cur non liceret bant :
aliisdare eadem dona : Pallan- Et, cur non aliis eadem dare dona liceret,
tias queritur annos conjugis sui Murmur erat : queritur veteres Pallantias annos
esse veteres : mitis Ceres que 5
ritur Iasiona canescere : Mul- Conjugis esse sui ; queritur canescere mitis
ciber poscit ævum repetitum Iasiona Ceres : repetitum Mulciber ævum
Erichthonio. Cura futuri tangit Poscit Erichthonio. Venerem quoque curafuturi
quoque Venerem, et paciscitur Tangit, et Anchisa renovare paciscitur annos.
renovare annos Anchisæ. Om
nis Deus habet cui studeat : que Cui studeat Deus omnis habet : crescitque favore
turbidaseditio crescit favore ;
a faticino vel vaticino.

NOTES.
1. Faticano.] Prophesying the decrees of
the Fates.
2. Fremebant.] They murmured.
4. Pallantius. ] Aurora is called the daugh
ter of Hyperion and of Pallas.
5. Conjugis.] Tithonus, the brother of
Laomedon, whom Aurora carried off and
loved so much, that she obtained immortality
for him from the Destinies, and when old
restored him to youth by a certain juice ; but
as she neglected to request a perpetual youth,
he became withered, and was turned into a
grass-hopper.
6. Iasiona.] The son of Jupiter by Elec
tra, beloved by Ceres.- Mulciber.] Vulcan.
7. Erichthonio. ] Erichthonius sprung from
Vulcan, thrown down to the earth by Pallas,
See Book II.
8. Anchisæ.] By whom she had Æneas.
9. Habet cui studeat.] Each god has his
particular favourite.
FAB. X. METAMORPHOSEON . 345

Turbida seditio ; donec sua Jupiter ora 10, donec Jupiter solvitsuaora ; et
Solvit; et O nostri si qua est reverentia, dixit, dixit, O si est qua reverentia
nostri, quò ruitis? quisne vi
Quò ruitis ? tantumne sibi quis posse videtur, detur sibi se posse tantum, ut
Fata quoque ut superet? fatis Iolaus in annos superet quoque fata? fatis Io
laus rediit in annos quos egit :
Quos egit rediit : fatis juvenescere debent
Callirhoë geniti, non ambitione nec armis. 15, fatis geniti Callirhoë debent
juvenescere, non ambitione nec
Vos etiam quoque hoc animo meliore feratis, annis. Quoquevos etiam ferar
Me quoque fata regunt : quæ si mutare valerem, tis meliore animo, fata regunt
Nec nostrum seri curvarent acon anni, me quoque : quæ si valerem
Perpetuumque ævi florem Rhadamanthus haberet mutare, nec serianni curvarent
nostrum acon, que Rhada.
Cum Minoë meo ; qui propter amara senectæ manthus haberet perpetuum
Pondera despicitur ; nec, quo priùs, ordine florem ævi, cum meo Minoë,
regnat. 21 qui despicitur propter amara
Dicta Jovis movêre Deos; nec sustinet ullus, pondera senectæ, nec regnat
ordine quo priùs. Dicta Jovis
Cùm videant fessos Rhadamanthon et açon movêreDeos : nec ullus sustinet
annis, queri, cum videant Rhadaman
thon et Æacon et Minoa fessos
Et Minoa, queri; qui, dum fuit integer ævi, annis . qui, dum fuit integer
Terruerat magnas a ipso quoque nomine gentes. ævi, terruerat magnas gentes
Tunc erat invalidus, Deïonidemque, juventæ26 ipso quoque nomine. Tunc erat
Robore Miletum, Phoeboque parente superbum invalidus, que pertimuit Deïo
nidem, Miletum superbum ro
Pertimuit: credensque suis insurgere regnis, bore juventæ, Phoeboque pa
Haud tamen est patriis arcere penatibus ausus. rente : credensque insurgere
Sponte fugis, Milete, tuâ, celerique carinâ 30 suis regnis, tamen haud est
ausus arcere patriis penatibus,
Ageas metiris aquas ; et in Aside terrâ Fugis sponte tuâ, Milete, que
Moenia constituis, positoris habentia nomen. metiris Ageas aquas, celeri
Hic tibi, dum sequitur patriæ curvamina ripa carinâ, et constituis mœnia
Filia Mæandri, toties redeuntis eodem, in Aside terrà, habentia no
Cognita Cyanee, præstanti corpora formâ, 35'filia men positoris. Hic Cyance,
Mæandri, redeuntis to
ties eodem, dum sequitur curvamina patriæ ripe, corpora præstanti forma, cognite

a audito nomine.

NOTES.
12. Quò ruitis.] What is it you so un
reasonably require ?
17. Si mutare valerem.] If I could revoke
its decrees. Fate was insuperable, even to
Jupiter himself.
18. Curvarent.] Should make him bend
under a load of years.
acon.] Eacus, Rhadamantlius, and Mi
nos, the sons of Jupiter, were chosen judges ,
of the regions below, for their celebrated jus
tice, Minos was king of Crete. See the7
beginning of Book VIII.
22. Sustinet queri.] Continue to complain.
25. Terruerat.] For Minos had a great
empire.
26. Tunc.] When Jupiter said this.
Deïonidem.] The son ofDeione by Phoebus,
who, when Minos grewold, attempted to in
vade the kingdom of Crete ; but being terri
ed by Jupiter, he sailed to Asia, built the
Y
city of Miletus, and called it after his own
name. There, by the Nymph Cyane, he had
Caunus and Byblis, twins. Byblis fell so
deeply in love with her brother, that she
wrotehim an open declaration of it. Caunus
detesting the infamous passion of his sister,
fled his country ; but Byblis having rambled
after him through several countries, came at
last to Caria ; where being tired and worn
out by continual grief and weeping, she was
turned into a fountain, called after her.
29. Arcere.] To drive him out from
Crete and his empire.
31. Metiris. ] Thou passest over the E
gean sea. - Aside terrâ.] On the Asiatic coast.
32. Positoris.] Of the builder, Miletus,
the son of Phoebus.
34. Mæandri Mæander, a river of Phry
gia, so full of turnings and windings, that it
seems to run into itself.
346 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IX.

enixa esttibi gemellamprolem, Byblida cum Cauno prolem est enixa gemellam.
Byblida cum Cauno Byblis est Byblis in exemplo est, ut ament concessa puellæ :
in exemplo, ut puellæ ament
concessa Byblis correpta cu Byblis Apollinei correpta cupidine fratris,
pidine Apollinei fratris ama- Non soror ut fratrem, nec qua debebat, amavit.
vit fratrem, non ut soror nec Illa quidem primò nullos intelligit ignes, 40
quà debebat. Illa quidem pri- Nec peccare putat, quòd sæpius oscula jungat,
mò intelligit nullos ignes, nec
putat peccare quod sæpiusjun- Quòd sua fraterno circumdet brachia collo :
gat oscula, quod circumdet sua Mendacique diu pietatis fallitur umbrâ .
brachia fraterno collo : que Paulatim declinat amor ; visuraque fratrem 44
fallitur diu mendaci umbrâpie- Culta venit ; nimiumque cupit formosa videri ;
tatis. Amor declinat paulatim ;
que venit culta visura fratrem ; Et, si quà est illic formosior, invidet illi. [ illo
nimiumque cupitvideri formo- Sed nondum manifesta sibi est ; nullumque sub
formosior illic, Igne a facit votum : veruntamen æstuat intus.
quà est nondum
sa , et siilli.
invidet Sed mani
festa est sibi ; que facit nullum Jam dominum appellat : jam nomina sanguinis
votum sub illo igne : verunta odit :
men æstuat intus. Jam appellat Byblida jam mavult, quàm se vocet ille sororem.
dominum jam odit nomina
sanguinis : jam mavult ille vo- Spes tamen obscoenas animo dimittere non est
cet se Byblida quam sororem. Ausa suo vigilans. Placidâ resoluta quiete,
Tamen nonobscoenaausa est vigilans Sæpe videt quod amat. Visa est quoque jungere
dimittere s spes suo
animo. Resolutaplacidâquiete, fratri
sæpe videt quod amat. Visa est Corpus ; et erubuit quamvis sopita jacebat. 54
quoque jungere corpus fratri ; Somnus abit : silet illa diu ; repetitque quietis
et erubuit, quamvis jacebat so
Ipsa suæ speciem, dubiaque ita mente profatur :
pita. Somnus abit ; illa silet Me miseram ! Tacitæ quid vult sibi noctis ima
diu ; que ipsa repetit speciem
suæ quietis, que profatur ita go ?
dubiâ mente : Me miseram ! Quam nolim rata sit. Cur hæc ego somnia vidi ?
Quid vult sibi imago tacitæ Ille quidem est oculis quamvis formosus iniquis;
noctis ? quam nolim sit rata.
Cur ego vidi hæc somnia ? ille Et placet, et possum, si non sit frater, amare:
est quidem formosus oculis Et me dignus erat. Verùm nocet esse sororem.
quamvis iniquis: et placet, et Dummodo tale nihil vigilans committere ten
possum amare, si non sit fra
ter: eterat dignus me. Veruni tem ; 62
nocet esse sororem. Dummo- Sæpe licet simili redeat sub imaine somnus.
do vigilans tentem committere Testis abest somno ; nec abest imitata voluptas.
nihil tale ; licet somnus sæpe Pro Venus, et tenera volucer cum matre Cu
redeat, sub simili imagine.
Testis abest somno ; nec imi pido, 65
tata voluptas abest. Pro Venus, et volucer Cupido cum tenerâ matre,
a fuit.
#
NOTES.

39. Quà debebat.] So as became. Repetitque. ] She ruminates upon.

45. Mendaci umbrâ. ] With a false appear
ance.
47. Nondum.] But she does not yet
perceive that she is in love.
49. Dominum .] As mistresses were called
Dominæ, so their lovers were called Domini.
Nomina.] Brother and sister.
51. Obscœnas spes.] Incestuous hopes.
Dimittere.] To entertain, to conceive.
52. Placidâ quiete ] Sleeping.
55. Silet.] She was stupefied with the new
pleasure which she felt.
56. Speciem.] The representation of her
dream.
57. Tacitæ.] In which all animals are
silent.
59. Iniquis. Ofan enemy. That beauty
must excel indeed, which attracts the admi
ration of an enemy.
64, Imitata.] Imagined.
65. Prô Venus .] By this exclamation
Byblis shews what extraordinary pleasure she
enjoyed in her dream.
Tenerà matrè.] With thy delicate mother.
 FAB. X. METAMORPHOSEΩN , 347

Gaudia quanta tuli ! quàm me manifesta libido quanta gaudia tuli ! Quâmma
Contigit ! ut jacui totis resoluta medullis ! [ tas, nifesta libido contigit me ! ut
jacui resoluta totis medullis ! ut
Ut meminisse juvat ! quamyis brevis illa volup juvat meminisse ! quamvis illa
Noxque fuit præceps, et cœptis invida nostris. voluptas fuit brevis, noxque
O ego, si liceat mutato nomine jungi, 70 præceps, et invida nostris cœp
tis. O Caune, si liceat jungi
Quam bene, Caune, tuo poteram nurus esse nomine mutato, quam bene
parenti ! [renti ! ego poteram esse nurus tuo
Quàm bene, Caune, mco poteras gener esse pa parenti ! Caune, quâm bene
F Omnia, Dî facerent, essent communia nobis, poteras esse gener meo parenti !
Dî facerent omnia essent com
Præter avos. Tu me vellem generosior esses.
munia nobis præter avos. Vel
Nescio quam facies igitur, pulcherrime, ma- lem tu esses generosior me.
trem ; [tes, Igitur pulcherrime, nescio
quam facies matrem ; at eris
At mihi, quæ malè sum, quos tu, sortita paren- nil nisi frater mihi, quæ sum
Nil nisi frater eris : quod obest, id habebimus malè sortita parentes, quos tu ;
unum . [autem habebimus id unum quod
Quid mihi significant a ergo mea visa ? quod obest. Quid ergo mea visa
significant mihi ? somnia au
Somnia pondus habent ? an habent et somnia tem quod pondus habent? an
pondus ? 79 et somnia habent pondus ? Dî
Di melius ! Dî nempe suas habuêre sorores. melius ! nempe Dî habuêre
suas sorores. Sic Saturnus
Sic Saturnus Opim, junctam sibi sanguine, duxit ; duxit Opim, junctam sibi san
Oceanus Tethyn, Junonem rector Olympi. guine ; Oceanus Tethyn, rec
Sunt Superis sua jura. Quid ad coelestia ritus tor Olympi Junonem. Sua
Exigere humanos, diversaque fœdera tento ? jura sunt Superis. Quidtento
Aut nostro vetitus de corde fugabitur ardor : 85 exigere ad humanos ritus ,cœ
lestia foedera, diversaque ? Aut
Aut hoc si nequeo, peream precor antè, toroque vetitus ardor fugabitur de nos
Mortua componar, positæque det oscula frater, tro corde : aut si nequeo hoc,'
precor peream antè, mortuaque
Et tamen arbitrium quærit res ista duorum. componar toro, que frater det
Finge placere mihi : scelus esse videbitur illi. oscula positæ. Et tamen ista
At non Æolidæ thalamos timuêre sororum. 90 res quærit arbitrium duorum.
Unde sed hos novi ? cur hæc exempla paravi ? illi Finge
esseplacere
scelus.mihiAt
: videbitur
Eolide
non timuêre thalamos sororum. Sed unde novi hos ? cur paravi hæc exempla?
a ægræ.

NOTES..

67. Ut.] How. 85. Vetitus. A prohibited and criminal

69. Præceps. ] Short, and flying away swiftly. love.
70. Nomine.] sc. Sororis. 88. Arbitrium.] The will, the consent.
76. At mihi.] Byblis laments that Caunus 89. Illi ] To my brother.
is her brother, and cannot be her husband. " 90. Æolidæ.] Macareus, the son of Æolus,
78. Visa.] Dreams, lay with his sister Canace, and had a son by
80. Di melius.] The gods live happier than her, who, when the nurse was carrying him
men ; they marry their own sisters. out of the house, betrayed himself by his
81. Junctam sanguine .] Of# the same blood, crying; wherefore olus being enraged, sent
a sister. his daughter a sword for the incestuous Ma
83. Sunt Superis, &c.] The gods have oné careus to kill himself with ; but he saved
faw, and men another. himself by flight. Byblis seems to collect
Celestia fœdera.] Celestial laws. a number of examples for the greater au
84. Humanos ritus. ] The manners ofmen. thority of the crime, and to lessen her own
Exigere. ] To reduce to one rule or stand guilt.
ard. The laws of men are of one sort, the 91. Sed hos. ] Byblis reprehends herself, for
laws of the gods of another ; therefore said letting examples of an unlawful love come in
to be diversa, of a different kind. to her mind. - Paravi ] Have I collected,
348 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IX.

quò feror ? Obscœnæ flammæ Quò feror ? obscœnæ procul hinc discedité
discedite procul hinc : nec fra flammæ :
ter ametur, nisi quà est fasger- Nec nisi quà fas est germanæ, frater ametur.
manæ. Tamen si ipse esset
prior captus amore mei, forsi- Si tamen ipse mei captus prior esset amore,
tan possem indulgere furori Forsitan illius possem indulgere furori. 95
lius. Ergo ego ipsa petam, Ergo ego, quem fueram non rejectura petentem,
quem non fueram rejectura pe
tentem ? poteris ne loqui ? po- Ipsa petam? poterisne loqui ? poterisne fateri ?
terisne fateri? amor coget ; po- Coget amor: potero. Vel, si pudor ora tenebit,
tero.. Vel si pudor tenebit ora, Littera celatos arcana fatebitur ignes. [tem .
arcana littera fatebitur celatos
ignes. Hæc placet. hæc senten Hæc placet, hæc dubiam vincit sententia men
tia vincit dubiam mentem. In latus erigitur ; cubitoque innixa sinistro,
Erigitur in latus, que innixa Viderit : a insanos, inquit, fateamur amores.
sinistro cubito, Viderit, inquit : Hei mihi ! quò labor ? quem mens mea concipit
fatéamur insanos amores. Hei
mihi! quò labor? quem ignem ignem ? 103
mea mens concipit? et compo- Et meditata manu componit verba trementi.
nit meditata verba trementi Dextra tenet ferrum : vacuam tenet altera ceram.
manu. Dextra tenet ferrum : Incipit ; bet dubitat ; scribit ; damnatque tabel
altera tenet vacuam ceram.
Incipit; et dubitat : scribit ; las : [que
damnatque tabellas : et notat ; Et notat ; et delet ; mutat ; culpatque, probat
et delet : mutat ; culpatque, Inque vicem sumtas ponit, positasque resumit.
probatque ; ponitque sumtas
tabellas, resumitque positas in Quid velit, ignorat : quicquid factura videtur,
vicem. Ignorat quid velit : Displicet. In vultu est audacia mista pudori.
quicquid videtur factura dis- Scripta soror fuerat : visum est delere sororem.
plicet. Audacia est mista pu- Verbaque correctis incidere talia ceris : 112
vultu. Soror fuerat
scripta : visum est delere soro- Quam, nisi tu dederis, non est habitura salu
rem, que incidere talia verba tem, [nomen !
correctis ceris : Amans mittit Hanc tibi mittit amans, pudet, ah pudet edere
tibi hane salutem, quam on Et si, quid cupiam, quæris ; sinè nomine vellem
est habitura nisi tu dederis ;
pudet, ah pudet edere nomen ! Posset agi mea causa meo : nec cognita Byblis
et si quæris quid cupiam ; vel- Antè forem quàm spes votorum certa fuisset.
lem mea causa posset agi sinè
meonomine : nec Byblis forem Esse quidem læsi poterant tibi pectoris index,
cognita, antè quàm spes voto- Et color, et macies, et vultus, et humida sæpe
rum fuisset certa. Et color, et
macies, et vultus, et lumina sæpe humida. a Sedit, &c. &c.
b Incipit et dubitat : scribit damnatque : tabellas
Et notat, &c.

NOTES.
92. Obscœnæ. Unnatural desires.
93. Quà fas.] As far as is lawful and ho
nest for a sister.
95. Indulgere.] To give way to.
96. Non rejectura.] I would not have re
pulsed.
98. Coget.] Will compel me:
102. Viderit. ] Let him consider of it ; but
as forme, I will make known my love to him.
103, Ignem. ] The vehement fame, the
strong passion.
104. Meditata.] Well weighed,
105. Ferrum. ] A writing instrument made
of iron.
Vacuam. ] In which nothing was written
}
Ceram.] They wrote upon waxen tables
and when they adopted any alteration, they
used the blunt end of the instrument to lay
the wax smooth : this was called Stylum ver
tere when they marked the wax with the
sharp point, it was called Sub acumen styli
subiere.
108. Sumtas.] The writing table .
. Ponit.] She lays down.
112. Correctis.] Being amended the last
time.-Incidere. ] To write or mark in.
114. Amans.] A maid fallen in love.
117. Votorum.] Of my hopes.
119, Color .] Pale complexion
Vultus.] Sad countenance.
 ON
FAB. X. METAMORPHOSE . 349

Lumina, nec causâ suspiria mota patenti ; 120 suspiria mota nec patenti cau
Et crebri amplexus ; et quæ, si fortè notàsti, sâ, poterant quidem esse tibi
index læsi pectoris ; et crebri
Oscula sentiri non esse sororia possent. [bam, amplexus, et oscula, quæ si for
Ipsa tamen, quamvis animo grave vulnus habe- tè notasti, possent sentiri non
Quamvis intus erat furor igneus, omnia feci, essesororia. Tamenipsa,quam
vis habebam grave vulnus ani
(Sunt mihi Di testes) ut tandem sanior essem : mo, quamvis igneus furor erat
Pugnavique diu violenta Cupidinis arma 126 intus, feci omnia, (Dî sunt tes
Effugere infelix ; et plùs, quam ferre puellam tes mihi) ut tandem essem sa
Posse putes, ego dura tuli. Superata fateri nior, que infelix pugnavi diu
Cogor, opemque tuám timidis exposcere votis. effugere violenta arma Cupidi
nis; et ego dura tuli plùsquàm
Tu servare potes, tu perdere solus amantem. putės puellam posse ferre. Su
Elige utrum facias. Non hoc inimica precatur : perata cogor fatéri, que expos
cere tuam opem timidis votis.
Sed quæ , cùm tibi sit junctissima , junctior esse
Tu solus potes servare, tu per
Expetit ; et vinclo tecum propiore ligari. 133 dere amantem Elige utrum fă
Jura senes nôrint : et, quid liceatque, nefasque, cias. Non inimica precatur hoc,
Fasque sit, inquirant ; legumque examina ser. sed quæ, cùm sit junctissima
vent: tibi, expetit esse junctior, et
135 ligari tecum propiore vinclo.
Conveniens Venus est annis temeraria nostris. Senesnorint jura: et inquirant,
Quid liceat nescimus adhuc : et cuncta licere quid liceat, que sit fasque né
Credimus : et sequimur magnorum exempla fasque : que servent examina
legum. Temeraria Venus est
Deorum. 138 conveniens nostris annis. Nes
Nec nos aut durus pater, aut reverentia famæ, cimus adhuc quid liceat, et cre
Aut timor impedient ; tantùm absit causa timendi, dimus cuncta licere : et sequi
mur exempla magnorum Deo
Dulcia fraterno sub nomine furta tegemus.
rum. Nec aut durus pater, aut
Est mihi libertas tecum a secreta loquendi; reverentia famæ, aut timor im
Et damus amplexus, et jungimus oscula coram. pedient nos : tantùm absitcau
Quantum est quod desit ! miserere fatentis a- sa timendi. Tegemus dulcia
¿ furta subfraterno nomine. Est
*morem , 144 mihi libertas loquendi secreta
Et non fassuræ, nisi cogeret ultimus ardor : tecum : et damus amplexus , et
(Neve merere meo subscribi causa sepulchro.) jungimus oscula coram. Quan
tum est quod desit ! miserere
Talia nequicquam pararantem, plena reliquit fatentis amorem, et non fassu…”
Cera manum : summoque in margine versus ræ, nisi ultimus ardor cogeret:
adhæsit. (neve merere subscribi meo
Protinus impressâ signat sua crimina' gemma ; sepulchro Plena ceracausa meæ manum
reliquit mortis.]
,
Quam tinxit lacrymis : linguam defecerat hu perarantem talia nequicquam :
mor, 150 que versus adhæsit in summo •
margine. Protinus signat sua
crimina impressâ gemmâ : quam tinxit lacrymis ; humor defecerat linguam,
a secura.

NOTES.
122. Sororia.] Becoming a sister.
123. Ipsa, &c.] She says she was forced
to submit to love against her will,
126. Pugnavi.] And I endeavouredto avoid.
Violenta arma.] The powerful dart.
128. Dura. ] I beinghardy.
129. Timidis votis.] With fearful prayers.
135. Examina.] The justice or severity of
laws.
136. Venus temeraria.] An inconsiderate,
a rash or precipitate love.
139. Reverentia ] Reverence.
141. Dulcia furta,] The sweet thefts.
143. Coram. ] Openly, in the sight of our
father. Coram is used to some certain per
sons, but palam to all.
144. Quantum, &c.] q. d. There is but a
small matter wanting to satisfy our love.
147. Perarantem. ] Writing.
148. Summoque.] In the outer part ofthe
margin.-Adhæsit. Was fixed, was written.
149. Signat. ] She seals.
Crimina. ] The criminal letter.
Gemma. With her seal rings
350 P. OVIDII NASONIS, LIB. IX.

que pudibunda vocavit unur Deque suis unum famulis pudibunda vocavit :
de suis famulis : et blandita pa . Et pavidùm blandita, Fer has, fidissime, nostro,
vidùm, dixit, Fidissime, fer has
nostro, et adjecit longo tempo- Dixit, et adjecit post longo tempore, fratri. 153
re post, fratri. Cum daret, ta- Cùm daret, elapsæ manibus cecidêre tabellæ.
bellæ elapsæ manibus cecidêre. Omine turbata est : misit tamen. Apta minister
Turbata est omine : tamen mi
sit. Minister nactus apta tem- Tempora nactus adit; traditque latentia verba.
pora adit. traditque latentia Attonitus subitâ juvenis Mæandrius irâ,
verba. Maandrius
tonitus at- Projicit acceptas, lecta a sibi parte, tabellas :
juvenis ac
subità irâ, projicit
ceptas tabellas, parte lectâ sibi, Vixque manus retinens trepidantis ab ore mi
vixque retinens manus ab ore nistri, 159
trepidantis ministri, ait, O sce- Dum licet, ô vetitæ scelerate libidinis auctor,
lerate auctor vetita libidinis, Effuge, ait : qui, si nostrum tua fata pudorem
effège, dum licet : qui, si túa Nontraherent secum, poenas mihi morte dedisses.
fata non traherent pudorem
nostrum secum, dedisses mihi Ille fugit pavidus : dominæque ferocia Cauni
ponas morte. Ille fugit pavi- Dicta refert. Palles audita, Bybli, repulsâ :
dus : que refert ferocia dicta Et pavet obsessum glaciali frigore pectus. 165
Cauni dominæ. Bybli, palles
audità repulsâ : et pectus pavet Mens tamen ut rediit, pariter redière furores :
obsessum glaciali frigore. Ta- Linguaque vix tales icto dedit aëre voces :
men ut mens rediit : furores Et meritò ; quid enim temeraria vulneris hujus
rediere pariter: linguaque vix
dedit tales voces aëre icto : Et Indicium feci ? quid, quæ celanda fuerunt,
meritò quid enim temeraria Tam citò commisi properatis verba tabellis ?
feci indicium hujus vulneris ? Antè erat ambiguis animi sententia dictis 171
quid tam citò commisi verba, Prætentanda mihi. Ne non sequeretur euntem,
quæ fuerant celanda, propera
tis tabellis ? sententia animi Parte aliquâ veli, qualis foret aura, notare
eratantè prætentandamihi am- Debueram ; tutoque mari decurrere : quæ nunc
biguis dictis. Debueram notare Non exploratis implevi lintea ventis. 175
aliqua parte veli, qualis aura
foret, ne non sequeretur eun Auferor in scopulos igitur, submersaque toto
tem ; que decurrere tuto mari : Obruor Oceano ; neque habent mea vela recur
quæ nunc implevi lintea ventis sus.
non exploratis. Igitur auferor Quid, quòd et ominibus certis prohibebar amori
în scopulos, que
ruor toto Oceano ; neque mea Indulgere meo ; tum cùm mihi ferre jubenti
vela habent recursus. Quid, quod et prohibebar indulgere meo amori certis ominibus, tu
cùm cera excidit mihi jubenti ferre ;
a viz.

NOTES.

155. Omine.] By the unlucky omen.
Apta.] A proper, convenient.
156: Adit.] To Caunus.
157. Juvenis.] Caunus, the grandson of
Mæander. For Cyane, the daughter of
Mæander, was the mother of Caunus.
159. Ab ore.] From the face .
161. Fata.] Thy death.Pudorem.]
Would not be a disgrace to us.
165. Frigore.] With fear; the Consequent
for the Antecedent.
167. Icto aëre. ] The air being struck. For
sounds are conveyed by the tremulous mo
tion of the air. 1 mind of Caunus.
168. Et meritò.] And I am deservedly
thus treated, — Vulncris hujus. ] Of this wond
which love has made in my breast.
169. Indicium feci.] Have I made a dis
covery?
170. Properatis ] Writ and sent in haste.
171. Ambiguiş dictis.] In doubtful words,
which might bear a double sense.
172. Ne non sequeretur.] Lest he should
have an aversion for my suing him.
175. Veli.] A metaphor taken from the
mariners, who, before they set sail, observe
which way the wind sets .
Qualis, &c.] What was the mind ofCaunus,
175. Exploratis. ] Not having sounded the
176. Scopulis.] Into the greatest anxieties,
178. Ominibus.] By predictions.
FAB. X. METAMORPHOSEON. 351

Excidit, et fecit spes nostras cera caducas ? 18 et fecit nostras spes caducas
Nonne vel illa dies fuerat mu
Nonne vel illa dies fuerat, vel tota voluntas, O tanda, vel tota voluntas, sed
Sed potiùs mutanda dies ? Deus ipse moncbat ; potiùs dies ? Deus ipse mone
Signaque certa dabat, si non malè sana fuissem. bat ; que dabat certa signa, si
Et tamen ipsa loqui, nec me committere ceræ non fuissem malè sana. Et ta
Debueram; præsensque meos aperire furores. men ipsa debueram loqui, nec
committere me ceræ ; que præ
Vidisset lacrymas : vultus vidisset amantis : 186 sens aperire meos furores. Vi
Plura loqui poteram quàm quæ cepêre tabellæ, disset lacrymas : vidisset vultus
Invito potui circumdare brachia collo : amantis poteram loqui plura,
quàm quæ tabellæ cepère. Potui
Amplectique pedes ; affusaque pocere vitam, circumdare brachia invito col
Et, si rejicerer, potui moritura videri lo, amplectique pedes : affusa
Omnia fecissem. Quorum si singula duram 191 que poscere vitam : et si rejice
rer, potui videre moritura: fe
Flectere non poterant, potuissent omnia, men cissem omnia. Quorum si
tem . singula non poterant flectere
Forsitan et missi sit quædam culpa miniştri. duram mentem, omnia potuis
Non adiit aptè : non legit idonea, credo, 194 sent. Forsitan et sit quædam
culpa ministri missi. Non a
Tempora : nec petiit horamque animumque diit aptè : credo, non legit
vacantem. [natus ; idonea tempora : nec petiit
Hæc nocuêre mihi . Neque enim de tigride mum. horamqueHæc que nocuêre
vacantemmihi.
ani
Nec rigidas silices, solidumve in pectore ferrum, Neque enim ille natus de ti
Aut adamanta gerit, nec lac bibit ille leænæ. gride, nec gerit rigidas silices,
Vincetur. Repetendus erit. Nec tædia cœpti . solidumve ferrum, aut ada
Ulla mei capiam ; dum spiritus iste manebit. manta in pectore, nec bibit
lac leænæ. Vincetur. Erit
Nam primum (si facta mihi revocare liceret) repetendus. Nec capiam ulla
Non cœpisse fuit ; coepta expugnare, secundum tædia mei cœpti ; dum iste
est. Equam ) spiritus manebit. Nam pri
Quippe nec ille potest (ut jam mea vota relin . mum (si liceret mihi revocare
facta) fuit non cœpisse ; se
Non tamen ausoruni semper memor esse meorum. cundum est expugnare cœpta.
Et, quia desierim, leviter voluisse videbor : 205 Quippe ( ut jam relinquam
Aut etiam tentâsse illum, insidiisque petisse. meavota) tamen necille potest
Vel certè non hoc, qui plurimus urit et ussit rum non esse semper memor meo
ausorum'. Et quiadesi
Pectora nostra, Deo, sed victa libidine credar. erim, videbor voluisse leviter :
Denique jam nequeo nil commisisse nefandum. aut etiam tentâsse illum, que
Et scripsi, et petii. Temerata est nostra voluntas . petîsse insidiis. Vel certè
credar non victa hôc Deo, qui
Ut nihil adjiciam, non possum innoxia dici. plurimus urit et ussit nostra
pectora, sed libidine. Denique, jam nequeo commisisse nil nefandum. Et scripsi, et petii.
Nostra voluntas cst temerata. Ut adjiciam nihil, non possum dici innoxia.

NOTES.

180. Cera.] The waxed writing table.
187. Cepêre.] Were able to contain.
189. Affusaque. ] sc. At my brother's feet.
193. Sit.] There may be.
194. Aptè.] In a proper manner.
Non legit.] He chose not.
Idonea.] Convenient.
195. Vacantem.] Free from other vexations.
203. Quippe.] Byblis concludes, from many
considerations, she had better go on thandesist.
204. Tamen.] A Leonine verse,
205. Leviter voluisse .] To have desired it ;
but slightly.
207. Plurimus.] Most passionately, vio
lently.
208. Deo. ] By Cupid.
209. Denique. ] I have already committed
a notorious crime, I cannot now be accounted
guiltless.
210. Temerata.] Defiled.
211. Ut nihil. ] If I should do no more
than I have done.
 352 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IX.

Quod superest multum est in Quod superest, multum est in vota, in crimina
vota, parvum in crimina, Dix
it, et (discordia incerta mentis parvum.
est tanta) cumpigeat tentasse, Dixit; et a (incertæ tanta est discordia mentis).
libet tentare : que exit mo- Cùmpigeat tentasse, libet tentare : modumque
dum ; et infelix committit Exit ; et infelix committit sæpe repelli. 215
sæpe repelli. Mox ubi finis
abest, ille fugitpatriam, nefas Mox, ubi finis abest ; patriam fugit ille, nefasque,
que, que ponit nova moenia in Inque peregrinâ ponit nova moenia terrâ,
peregrinâ terra. Tum verò Tum verò mostam totâ Miletida mente
ferunt Miletida mostam de- Defecisse ferunt, Tum verò à pectore vestem
fecisse totâ mente. Tumverò
deripuit vestem à pectore; que Deripuit ; planxitque suos furibunda lacertos.
furibunda planxit suos lacer- Jamque palam est demens ; inconcessamque fa
tos Jamque est palam de tetur
mens; que fatur inconcessam [penates,
spem Veneris. Sinè qua de- Spem Veneris. Sinè quâ patriam, invisosque
serit patriam, invisosque pe- Deserit ; et profugi sequitur vestigia fratris.
nates; et sequitur vestigia pro- Utque tuo motæ, proles Semeleïa, thyrso
fugi fratris, Utque Ismaria Ismariæ celebrant repetita triennia Bacchæ :
Baccha mota tuo thyrso, pro
les Semelela, celebrant repetita Byblida non aliter latos ululâsse, per agros 226
triennia : non aliter Bubasides Bubasides vidêre nurus ; quibus illa relictis
nurus vidêre Byblida ululâsse Caras, et armiferos Lelegas, Lyciamque perer
per latos agros ; quibus relic rat:
tis illa pererrat Caras, et ar [ undas,
miferos Lelegas, Lyciamque Jam Cragon, et Lymiren, Xanthique reliquerat
Jam reliquerat Cragon et Ly. Quoque Chimera jugo mediis in partibus . 6
miren, que undas Xanthi, que 230
quo jugo Chimæra habebat ignem
ignem in mediis partibus, pec- Pectus, et ora lea, caudam serpentis habebat,
tus et ora leæ, caudam serpen- Deficiunt Silvæ : cùm tu, lassata sequendo,
tis. Silva deficiunt : cum ty Procidis ; et, durâ positis tellure capillis, ba
Bybli, lassata sequendo, proci Bybli, taces; frondesque tuo premis ore caducas,
dis; et capillis positis dura
tellure, taces, que premis ca- Sæpe etiam Nymphæ teneris Lelegeïdes ulnis
ducas frondes tuo ore. Sæpe Tollere conantur: sæpe, ut moderetur amori,
etiam Lelegeïdes Nymphæ Præcipiunt ; surdæque adhibent solatia menti.
conantur tollere teneris ulnis;
sæpe præcipiunt ut moderetur amori, que adhibent solatia surde menti.
a incestæ bhircum.
1
1
NOTES.
4
212. Vota.] In satisfying my desires. 225. Ismariæ.] The Thracian women.
215. Incertæ.] Of a wavering mind. Triennia.] Trieterics; bythe Greeks they
215. Committit.] Gives occasion to her were so called, because performed every third
often being repulsed. year.
216. Mox.] At last, when there was no 227 Bubasides.] Which inhabit Caria : for
end of Byblis's soliciting him to commit the Bubastes is a province of Caria.
foul deed, Caunus forsakes his country. 228. Lelegas.] A warlike people of Caria.
217. Peregrinâ, &c.] And built a city in Lyciamque.] A country of Asia-Minor,
Caria, which he called Caunus after his own between Pamphylia and Caria.
pame. 229. Cragon.] A mountain -Lymiren. ]A
218. Miletida Byblis, the 924 daughter of city -Xanthique.] A river of Lycia,
Miletus. 230. Chimæra.] Is a mountain in Lycia,
220. Planxitque.] He beat ; plangere is which,, like Etna in Sicily, sends forth smoke
properly to beat the breast, and globes of fire ; which gave occasion for
222, Sinè quâ. Her hopes being taken the poets to feign, that Chimara was a mon
away. ster, having his forepart like a lion, vomiting
224. Mota Stirred up. out flames, his middle and belly like a goat
Proles Semeleia. ] Bacchus. and his hinder parts like a dragon.
Thyrso.] With thy sacred rites,
 FAB. XI, METAMORPHOSEΩN , 353

Muta jacet, viridesque suis terit unguibus herbas Byblis jacet muta, que terit
Byblis: et humectat lacrymarum gramina rivo. viridesherbas suis unguibus : et
humectat gramina rivo lacry
Naïdes his venam , quæ nunquam arescere posset, marum. FeruntNaïdassuppo
Supposuisse ferunt. Quid enim dare majus suisse venam his, quæ nunquam
habebant ? 241 posset arescere. Quid enim ha
Protinus, ut secto picea de cortice guttæ, bebant majus dare ? Protinus
ut guttæ manant de secto cor
Utve tenax gravida manat tellure bitumen ; tice piceæ, utve tenax bitumen
Utve sub adventum spirantis lene Favonî manat gravidâ tellure ; utve
Sole remollescit, quæ frigore constitit unda, 245 unda, quæ constitit frigore, re
mollescit sole, sub adventum
Sic lacrymis consumpta suis Phoebeïa Byblis Favoni spirantis lene, sic Pho
Vertitur in fontem, qui nunc quoque vallibus beïa Byblis, consumpta suis la
illis [nat crymis, vertitur in fontem, qui
nunc quoque habet nomen do
Nomen habet dominæ ; nigrâque sub ilice ma minæ illis vallibus, manatque
sub nigrâ ilice .

NOTES.

241. Majùs habebant.] What had they 243. Bitumen.] Bituman is a sort ofpitch
greater to give ? q. d. nothing. that grows inthe earth.
242. Protinus.] The poet exemplifies, by 244. Lene .] Gently.
a three-fold similitude, how Byblis was turn 245. Remollescit.] Becomes softandliquid
ed into a fountain. again, melts.- Constitit frigore. ] Was frozen.
Picea.] A pitch tree ; when this tree is 246. Phoebeïa.] Whose grandfather was
cut, pitch immediately flows from the incision. Phœbus.

EXP. FAB. X. The fable framed by Ovid on the unnatural love ofByblis,
no less displays his genius, than it shews his intimacy with the foibles of the
1 fair sex. In this fable he trespasses on that delicacy which we would choose
to preserve, however willing to recommend the instructions it offers for the
correction ofthe female heart, and to regulate it in the great concernment of
love.

FAB. XI . IPHIS EX VIRGINE IN PUERUM.

Lygdus commands his Wife Telethusa, should the infant ofwhich she is with
Child be a Girl, to destroy it. Isis, who appears to her in a Dream, for
bids her to obey, promising her Protection. Telethusa is delivered of a
Daughter, who was called Iphis, passed for a Son, and was afterwards
married to Ianthe ; and Isis, to reward her Mother's Piety, transforms her
into a Man.
f
FAMA novi centum Cretæus forsitan urbes Fama novi monstri forsitan
implêsset
Implêsset monstri; si non miracula nuper bes centum
; si Crete Cretæas
nonnuper ur
tulisset
Iphide mutata Crete propiora tulisset . propiora miracula, Iphide mu
Proxima Gnossiaco nam quondam Phæstia regno tati. Namtellus Phæstia,prox
ima Gnossiaco regno,quondam
NOTES.

1. Cretaas. ] The Cretensians, from Mile- it was named ' Exalouros At present it is
tus, the father of Byblis, who carried a co called Candia.
lony into Asia. Crete is an island famous for 4. Phæstia.] The Phæstian Land, i. the
having an hundred cities in it, from whence city Phæstus itself, in Crete.
Ꮓ Ꮓ
354 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. 1X.

progenuit. Ligdumvirumigno- Progenuit tellus, ignoto nomine Ligdum ; 5

to nomine, de ingenuâ plebe. Ingenuâ de plebe virum. Nec census in illo
Nec census in illo major sua
nobilitate : sed vita fidesque Nobilitate suâ major : sed vita fidesque
fuit inculpata. Qui movit au- Inculpata fuit. Gravide qui conjugis aures
res gravidæ conjugis his voci- Vocibus his movit, cùm jam prope partus ades
bus ; cùm partus prope jam set.
adesset. Sunt duo quæ voveam: [labore ;
ut relevêre minimo labore ; Quæ voveam duo sunt : minimo ut relevêre
utque parias marem. Altera Utque marem parias. Onerosior altera sors est:
sors est onerosior : et natura Et vires a Natura negat. Quod abominor, ergo ,
negat vires. Ergo, si fortê
foemina fuerit edita tuo partu, Edita fortè tuo fuerit si fæmina partu :
quod abominor : (invitus man- ( Invitus mando : pietas ignosce) necetur.
do ; pietas ignosce) necetur. Dixerat : et lacrymis vultum lavêre profusis,
Dixerat : et lavêre vultum Tam qui mandabat, quàm cui mandata daban
profusislacrymis,tam qui man
dabat, quàm cụi mandata da tur. 18
bantur. Sed tamen Telethu- Sed tamen usque suum vanis Telethusa maritum
sa usque solicitat suum mari- Solicitat precibus ; ne spem sibi ponat in arcto.
tum vanis precibus ; ne ponat Certa sua est Ligdo sententia. Jamque ferendo
spem sibi in arcto. Sua sen
tentia est certa Ligdo. Jamque Vix berat illa gravem maturo pondere ventrem :
illa erat vix apta ferendo ven- Cùm medio noctis spatio sub imagine somni21
trem gravem maturo pondere; Inachis ante torum, pompâ comitata suorum,
cùm medio spatio noctis, sub Aut stetit, aut visa est. Inerant lunaria fronti
imagine somni, Inachis aut
stetit, aut visa est stetisse ante Cornua, cum spicis nitido flaventibus auro,
torum, comitata pompa suo- Et regale decus ; cum quâ latrator Anubis, 25
rum. Lunaria cornua inerant Sanctaque Bubastis, variusque coloribus Apis >
fronti, cum spicis flaventibus
nitido auro : et regale decus : Quique premit vocem, digitoque silentia suadet ,
cum qua latrator Anubis,
sanctaque Bubastis, que Apis varius coloribus, quique premit vocem, que suadet silentiadigito.
1
a Fortura. b vexerat.

NOTES.

8. Conjugis. ] Of his wife Telethusa.
10. Voveam.] I wish, I desire.
Ut relevêre. ] That you may be delivered.
11. Onerosior.] More burdensome : q. d.
Girls are very expensive : for you must not
only give them a good education, but after
wards provide them a fortune also.
14. Necetur.] This was a barbarous cus
tom practised by many Heathen, of killing
such new-born infants as they did not like.
17. Usque.] Always.
18. Arcto.] In a narrow compass.
22. Inachis. ] Io, the daughter of Inachus :
the same that the Egyptians call Isis, and think
to bethe moon. Others suppose she was wor
shipped for Ceres, and others for Juno.
23. Lunaria.] Such was the image of Isis,
whose lunar horns resembled the moon.
24. Cum spicis.] These are the emblems
of Ceres, whom Isis represented. -
25. Decus.] Either a sceptre or horned
diadem.Latrator.] Mercury was worshipped
by the Egyptians in the form ofa dog; sig
nifying that he was the guard of Osiris and
Isis, and was called Anubis.
26. Bubastis.] Diana was sacred to the
Egyptians, especially in the city Bubastes.
Apis.] Some think that this is the same
with Osiris, and not without reason : for he
was by the Egyptians accounted a god, and
worshipped under the form of an ox, with a
black body, a white forehead, and a remark
able white spot on his back, double hairs on
his tail, and his tongue was marked with a
cantharus. He was not permitted to live be
yond such a number of years, which having
been completed, he was, by the priests, thrown
into a fountain : and when they had mourned
the usual time, they looked for another.
27. Quique, &c.] The God of silence,
whom they called Harpocrates.
Digito.] For a little image of Harpocrates,
with his finger upon his mouth, is an emblem
14
of seerecy.

1
FAB. XI. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 355
timbrels
Sistraqueerant, nunquamque satis quæsitus Osi- que erant sistra, que Osiris
ris, nunquam satis quæsitus, que
peregrina serpens plena som
Plenaque somniferi serpens peregrina veneni. niferi veneni. Cum Dea sic af
Cùm velut excussam somno, et manifesta viden- fata est, velut excussamsomno,
tem 30 et videntem manifesta. O Te
lethusa, pars mearum ; pone
Sic affata Dea est : Pars, ô Telethusa, mearum ; graves curas ; que falle
man
Pone graves curas ; mandataque falle mariti. data mariti. Nec dubita, cùm
Nec dubita, cùm te partu Lucina levârit, [que Lucina levarit te partu, tollere
quicquid erit, Sum auxiliaris
Tollere quicquid erit. Deasum auxiliaris, opem- Dea, que exorata fero opem.
Exorata fero. Nec te coluisse quereris 35 Nec quereris te coluisse ingra
Ingratum Numen. Monuit, thalamoque recessit. tum Numen, Monuit, que re
cessit thalamo. Cressa surgit
Læta toro surgit, purasque ad sidera supplex
Cressa manus tollens , rata sint suavisa precatur . læta toro, que supplex tollens
puras manus ad sidera precatur
Ut dolor increvit ; seque ipsum pondus in auras ut sua visa sint rata. Ut dolor
Expulit, et nata est ignaro foemina patri ; 40 increvit : que ipsum pondus
expulit se in auras, et foemina
Jussit ali mater, puerum mentita ; fidemque est nata ignaro patri ; mater
Res habuit : neque erat facti nisi conscia nutrix. jussit ali, mentita puerum, que
Vota pater solvit, nomenque imponit avitum . res habuit fidem, neque erat
conscia facti nisi nutrix. Pater
Iphis avus fuerat. Gavisa est nomine mater, solvit vota, que imponit nomen
Quod commune foret, nec quenquam falleret illo. avitum. Avusfuerat Iphis. Ma
Impercepta piá mendacia fraude latebant. 46 ter gavisa est nomine, quod
foret commune, nec falleret
Cultus erat pueri ; facies, quam sive puellæ, quenquam illo. Mendacia la
Sive dares puero, fieret formosus uterque. tebant impercepta piâ fraude.
Tertius interea decimo successerat annus ; Cultus erat pueri; facies, quam
Cum pater, Iphi, tibi flavam despondet Ianthen; sive dares puellæ, sive puero,
Inter Phæstiadas quæ laudatissima formæ 51 uterque fieret formosus. Inte
rea tertius annus successerat
Dote fuit virgo. Dictao nata Teleste. decimo cùm pater, Iphi, de
Par ætas, par forma fuit : primasque magistris spondet tibi flavam Ianthen :
Accepêre artes, elementa ætatis, ab îsdem. quæ fuit virgo laudatissima in
ter Phostiadas dote formæ,
nata Dictwo Teleste. Etas ambarum fuit par, forma fuit par : que accepêre primas artės,
elementa ætatis, ab iisdem magistris.

NOTES.

28. Sistraque.] ispov is a Greek noun,
from Ew, to shake. It was a brazen rattle,
by shaking of which they made a noise ; and
used in performing the sacred rites of Isis.
Nunquamque, &c. Osiris is a god of the
Egyptians, the husband of Isis, whom when
lost, the Egyptians sought for with great sor
row ; and having found another, they made
great rejoicings .
29. Plenaque. ] During the sacred cere
monies of Isis, a serpent or asp was carried
about ; by the bite of which men fell into a
kind of stupor, and died.
50. Excussam.] Awaked.
32. Mariti. ] Of Ligdus.
34. Tollere. ] Bring it up. It was a custom
among many of the Heathens, either to kill,
or expose in the woods, those children they
did not choose to bring up.
Auxiliaris.] Assisting women in travail.
38. Cressa.] The woman of Crete, sc.
Telethusa.
39.] Seque. ] After she was delivered.
41. Fidemque,+ &c ] And it was thought
to be true.
45. Commune.] To a boy, and to a girl.
For Iphis is a name for either a man or a
woman.
46. Impercepta,] Not perceived, not sus
pected.
50. Flavum.] Yellow-haired .
51. Phostiadas.] The women of the city
of Crete.
52. Dictao.] A man of Crete. For Dicte
is a mountain of Crete.
354 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. 18.

progenuit. Ligdum virum igno- Progenuit tellus, ignoto nomine Ligdum ; 5

to nomine, de ingenuâ plebe. Ingenuâ de plebe virum. Nec census in illo
Nec census in illo major sua
nobilitate : sed vita fidesque Nobilitate suâ major : sed vita fidesque
fuit inculpata. Qui movit au- Inculpata fuit. Gravidæ qui conjugis aures
res gravidæ conjugis his voci- Vocibus his movit, cùm jam prope partus ades
bus ; cùm partus prope jam set.
adesset. Suntduo quæ voveam: [labore ;
ut relevêre minimo labore ; Quæ voveam duo sunt : minimo ut relevêre
utque parias marem. Altera Utque marem parias. Onerosior altera sors est:
sors est onerosior : et natura Et vires a Natura negat. Quod abominor, ergo ;
negat vires. Ergo, si fortê
foemina fuerit edita tuo partu, Edita fortè tuo fuerit si fæmina partu :
quod abominor : (invitus man- ( Invitus mando : pietas ignosce) necetur.
do ; pietas ignosce) necetur. Dixerat : et lacrymis vultum lavêre profusis,
Dixerat : et lavêre vultum Tam qui mandabat, quàm cui mandata daban
profusislacrymis,tam qui man
dabat, quàm cui mandata da tur. 18
bantur. Sed tamen Telethu- Sed tamen usque suum vanis Telethusa maritum
sa usque solicitat suum mari- Solicitat precibus ; ne spem sibi ponat in arcto.
tum vanis precibus Suaponat
spem sibi in arcto. ; ne sen Certa sua est Ligdo sententia. Jamque ferendo
tentia est certa Ligdo. Jamque Vix berat illa gravem maturo pondere ventrem :
illa erat vix apta ferendo ven- Cùm medio noctis spatio sub imagine somni21
trem gravem maturo pondere; Inachis ante torum, pompâ comitata suorum,
eùm medio spatio noctis, sub Aut stetit, aut visa est. Inerant lunaria fronti
imagine somni, Inachis aut
stetit, aut visa est stetisse ante Cornua, cum spicis nitido flaventibus auro,
torum, comitata pompa suo- Et regale decus ; cum quâ latrator Anubis, 25
rum. Lunaria cornua inerant Sanctaque Bubastis, variusque coloribus Apis >
fronti, cum spicis flaventibus
nitido auro : et regale decus : Quique premit vocem, digitoque silentia suadet ,
cum qua latrator Anubis,
sanctaque Bubastis, que Apis varius coloribus, quique premit vocem, que suadet silentiadigito.

a Fortuna. ¿ vexerat.

NOTES.

8. Conjugis. ] Of his wife Telethusa.
10. Voveam.] I wish, I desire.
Ut relevêre. ] That you may be delivered.
11. Onerosior.] More burdensome : q. d.
Girls are very expensive : for you must not
only give them a good education, but after
wards provide them a fortune also.
14. Necetur.] This was a barbarous cus
tom practised by many Heathen, of killing
such new-born infants as they did not like.
17. Usque.] Always.
18. Arcto.] In a narrow compass.
22. Inachis. ] Io, the daughter of Inachus :
the same that the Egyptians call Isis, and think
to be the moon. Others suppose she was wor
shipped for Ceres, and others for Juno.
23. Lunaria.] Such was the image of Isis,
whose lunar horns resembled the moon.
24. Cum spicis.] These are the emblems
of Ceres, whom Isis represented.
25. Decus.] Either a sceptre or horned
diadem.- Latrator.] Mercury was worshipped
by the Egyptians in the form of a dog ; sig
nifying that he was the guard of Osiris and
Isis, and was called Anubis.
26. Bubastis.] Diana was sacred to the
Egyptians, especially in the city Bubastes.
Apis.] Some think that this is the same
with Osiris, and not without reason : for he
was by the Egyptians accounted a god, and
worshipped under the form of an ox, with a
black body, a white forehead, and a remark
able white spot on his back, double hairs on
his tail, and his tongue was marked with a
cantharus. He was not permitted to live be
yond such a number of years, which having
been completed, he was, by the priests, thrown
into a fountain : and when they had mourned
the usual time, they looked for another.
27. Quique, &c.] The God of silence,
whom they called Harpocrates.
Digito.] For a little image of Harpocrates,
with his finger upon his mouth, is an emblem
1.
of seerecy.

1
 FAB. XI. METAMORPHOSEON. 355
timbrels
Sistraqueerant, nunquamque satis quæsitus Osi- que erant sistra, que Osiris
nunquam satis quæsitus, que
ris, peregrina serpens plena som
Plenaque somniferi serpens peregrina veneni. niferi veneni. Cum Dea sic af
Cùm velut excussam somno, et manifesta viden- fata est, velut excussamsomno,
tem 30 et videntem manifesta. O Te
lethusa, pars mearum ; pone
Sic affata Dea est : Pars, ô Telethusa, mearum ; graves curas ; que falle man
Pone graves curas ; mandataque falle mariti. data mariti. Nec dubita, cùm
Nec dubita, cùm te partu Lucina levârit, [que Lucina levarit te partu, tollere
quicquid erit, Sum auxiliaris
Tollere quicquid erit. Deasum auxiliaris, opem- Dea, que exorata fero opem.
Exorata fero. Nec te coluisse quereris 35 Nec quereris te coluisse ingra
Ingratum Numen. Monuit, thalamoque recessit. tum Numen, Monuit, que re
Cressa surgit
Læta toro surgit, purasque ad sidera supplex cessit thalamo.
læta toro, que supplex tollens
Cressa manus tollens, rata sint suavisa precatur. puras manus ad sidera precatur
Ut dolor increvit ; seque ipsum pondus in auras ut sua visa sint rata. Ut dolor
Expulit, et nata est ignaro fœmina patri ; 40 increvit : que ipsum pondus
expulit se în auras, et fœmina
Jussit ali mater, puerum mentita ; fidemque est nata ignaro patri ; mater
Res habuit : neque erat facti nisi conscia nutrix. jussit ali, mentita puerum, que
Vota pater solvit, nomenque imponit avitum . res habuit fidem, neque erat
conscia facti nisi nutrix. Pater
Iphis avus fuerat. Gavisa est nomine mater, solvit vota, que nomen
Quod commune foret, nec quenquam falleret illo. avitum. Avus fuerat Iphis. Ma
Impercepta piá mendacia fraude latebant. 46 ter gavisa est nomine, quod
foret commune, nec falleret
Cultus erat pueri ; facies, quam sive puellæ, quenquam illo. Mendacia la
Sive dares puero, fieret formosus uterque. tebant impercepta piâ fraude.
Tertius interea decimo successerat annus ; Cultus erat pueri ; facies, quam
Cum pater, Iphi, tibi flavam despondet Ianthen: sive dares puellæ, sive puero,
Inter Phæstiadas quæ laudatissima formæ 51 uterque fieret formosus. Inte
1
rea tertius annus successerat
Dote fuit virgo. Dictao nata Teleste. decimo cùm pater, Iphi, de
Par ætas, par forma fuit : primasque magistris spondet tibi flavam Ianthen :
quæ fuitvirgo laudatissima in
Accepêre artes, elementa ætatis, ab isdem.
ter Phoestiadas dote formæ,
nata Dietæo Teleste. Etas ambarum fuit par, forma fuit par : que accepêre primas artės,
elementa ætatis, ab iisdem magistris.
F
I
NOTES.

28. Sistraque.] ispov is a Greek noun,
from Ew, to shake. It was a brazen rattle,
by shaking of which they made a noise ; and
used in performing the sacred rites of Isis.
Nunquamque, &c. Osiris is a god of the
Egyptians, the husband of Isis, whom when
lost, the Egyptians sought for with great sor
row ; and having found another, they made
great rejoicings .
29. Plenaque. ] During the sacred cere
I monies of Isis, a serpent or asp was carried
about ; by the bite of which men fell into a
kind ofstupor, and died.
50. Excussam.] Awaked.
1 of Crete.
52. Mariti.] Of Ligdus.
! 34. Tollere. ] Bring it up. It was a custom
among many of the Heathens, either to kill,
or expose in the woods, those children rey
did not choose to bring up.
Auxiliaris.] Assisting women in travail.
38. Cressa.] The woman of Crete, sc.
Telethusa.
39.] Seque. ] After she was delivered.
41. Fidemque, &c ] And it was thought
to be true.
45. Commune.] To a boy, and to a girl.
For Iphis is a name for either a man or a
woman.
46. Impercepta,] Not perceived, not sus
pected.
50. Flavum.] Yellow-haired .
51. Phostiadas.] The women of the city
52. Dictao.] A man of Crete. For Dicte
is a mountain of Crete.
 356 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IX.

Hinc amor tetigit rude pectus Hinc amor ambarum tetigit rude pectus : et
ambarum : et tulit æquum vul
nus utrique : sed fiducia erat æquum 55
dispar. Ianthe expectattempo Vulnus utrique tulit : sed erat fiducia dispar.
raconjugii pactaque tædæ,que Conjugii pactæque expectat tempora tædæ :
credit quam putat esse virum Quamque virum putat esse, suum fore credit
fore suum. Iphis amat, quâdes
perat posse frui, et hoc ipsum Ianthe.
auget flammas ; quevirgo ardet Iphis amat, quâ posse frui desperat, et auget
in virgine. Vixque tenens la- Hoc ipsum flammas : ardetque in virgine virgo .
crymas; Quisexitus manet me?
manet exi
inquit, quam cura novæ Vene Vixque tenens lacrymas : Quis me
ris, cognita nulli, quam prodi tus ? inquit, 61
giosa tenet? si Dî vellent par- Cognita quam nulli, quam prodigiosa, novæque
ceremihi ; [debuerantperdere : Cura tenet Veneris? si Di mihi
si non et vellent perdere] sal parcere vellent ;
tem dedissent naturale malum [Perdere debuerant ; si non a et perdere vellent ;
et de more. Nec amor vaceæ Naturale malum saltem et de more dedissent.
urit vaccam, nec equarum e- Nec vacam vaccæ, nec equas amor urit equa
quas. Ariesurit oves : sua foe, rum . 66
mina sequitur cervum. Sicet Urit oves aries : sequitur sua fœmina cervum.
aves coëunt : interque cuncta
animalia nulla fœmina est cor Sic et aves coëunt : interque animalia cuncta
repta fœmineo cupidine; Vel- Foemina fœmineo correpta cupidine nulla est ;
lem forem nulla. Tamen ne Vellem nulla forem. Ne non tamen omniâ Crete
Crete non ferat omnia mon
stra: filia Solis dilexit taurum, Monstra ferat ; taurum dilexit filia Solis, 71
nempe fœmina marem. Meus Fomina nempe marem. Meus est furiosior illo,
amor est furiosior illo, si pro- Si verum profitemur, amor, Tamen illa secuta
fitemur verum. Tamen illa est
est
secuta spem Veneris : tamen
illa passa est bovem dolis et Spem Veneris ; tamen illa dolis et imagine vacca
imagine vaccæ ; et erat adulter Passa bovem est : et erat, qui deciperetur, adul
qui deciperetur. Licet solertia Huc licèt è toto solertia confluat orbe,
confluat huc è toto orbe, licèt [ter.
Dædalus ipse revolet ceratis Ipse licèt revolet ceratis Dædalus aljs ; 77
alis ; quid faciet? num efficiet Quid faciet? num me puerum de virgine doctis
me puerum de virgine doctis Artibus efficiet ? num te mutabit, Ianthe ?
artibus ? num mutabit te lan- Quin animum firmas, teque ipsa recolligis , Iphi ;
the? quin firmas animum, que
ipsa recolligis- te, Iphi :
a me

NOTES.

55. Tetigit.] Moved. -Rude. ] A mind
unacquainted with love.
56. Dispar.] Difference. For Iphis doubted
whether she could perform the office of a
man. On the other hand, Ianthe was confi
dent that she could perform the part of a
woman.
57. Pactaque.] Of the marriage agreed
upon.
58. Quamque.] Iphis, whom Ianthe be
lieved to be a man, and that he would soon
be her husband.
59. Auget .] She despaired of being able
to enjoy the beloved virgin .
60. Ardetque. ] A virgin is inflamed with
the love of a virgin, which is greatly to be
wondered at.
61, Quis exitus .] What will be the end of
my love, since I cannot be able to enjoy my
beloved Ianthe ?
63. Naturale.] A natural love, that I should
love a man, not a maid.
70. Non ferat.] Should not produce .
71. Filia.] Pasiphaë, the wife of Minos.
75. Passa est.] Enjoyed. The story is, that
Pasiphaë was enamoured of a bull, and con
trived to indulge her unnatural passion en
closed in an artificial cow.
76. Solertia.] Wit or invention.
Confluat.] Should meet together.
77. Dadalus.] For he had made the wood
en cow.
80. Quin.] Why are you not resolute ?→→
Iphis speaks to herself.
Recolligis.] Why do you not recover your
self?
FAB. XI. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 357

Consiliique inopes et stultos excutis ignes ? 81 que excutis stultos ignes et in

Quid sis nata vide (nisi te quoque decipis ipsam) opes consilii ? Vide quid sis na
ta (nisi quoque decipis te ip
Et pete quod fas est : et ama quod fœmina de- sam) et pete quod est fas : et
bes. [rem. ) ama quod fœmina debes. ( Est
(Spes est quæ aа capiat : spes est quæ pascatamo- spes quæ capiat : est spes quæ
pascat amorem.) Res adimit
Hanc tibi res adimit : non te custodia caro 85 hane tibi : non custodia arcet
Arcet ab amplexu, nec cauti curą ở mariti. te ab caro amplexu, nec cura
Non patris asperitas, nec se negat ipsa roganti. cauti mariti. Non asperitas pa
Nec tamen est potiunda tibi ; nec, ut omnia fiant, tris, nec ipsa negat se tibi ro
Esse potes felix ; ut Dîque hominesque laborent.' ganti . Tamen nec est potiunda
tibi ; nec ut omnia fiant, potes
(Nunc quoque votorum pars nulla est vana esse felix; ut Dique hominesque
meorum : 90 laborent. ( Nunc quoque nulla
Dîque mihi faciles, quicquid valuêre, dederunt. ) pars meorum votorum est va
na ; Diique faciles dederunt
Quodque ego, vult genitor, vult ipsa, socerque mihi, quicquid valuêre.) Quod
futurus : que ego volo, genitor vult, ipsa
At non vult Natura, potentior omnibus istis ; vult, que futurus socer : at na
tura, potentior omnibus istis
Quæ mihi sola nocet. Venit ecce optabile tem non vult ; quæ sola nocet mihi.
pus : 94 Ecce optabile tempus venit ;
Luxque jugalis adest : ut jam mea fiat Ianthe, que jugalis lux adest : ut jam
Nec mihi continget. Mediis sitiemus in undis. Ianthe fiat mea, nec continget
mihi. Sitiemus in mediis un
Pronuba quid Juno, quid ad hæc, Hymenæc, dis. Quid pronuba Juno,
venitis [bæ ? quid Hymenae, venitis ad hæc
Sacra; quibus qui ducat, abest ; ubi nubimus am- sacra ; quibus abest qui ducat ;
ubi ambæ nubimus ? pressit
Pressit ab his vocem : nec leniùs altera virgo vocem ab his : nec altera virgo
Estuat : utque celer venias, Hymenæe, precatur. æstuat leniùs que precatur
Quod petit hæc, Telethusa timens, modò tem- Hymenæe ut venias celer.
pora differt. Telethusa timens quod hæc
[sæpe, petit, modò differt tempora
:
Nunc ficto languore moram trahit : domina nunc trahit moram ficto lan
Visaque causatur ; sed jam consumserat omnem guore ; sæpe causatur omina
Materiam ficti ; dilataque tempora tædæ visaque ; sed jam consumserat
omnem materiam ficti, que
Institerant : unusque dies restabat : at illa 105 temporatædæ dilata institerant,
Crinalem capiti vittam natæque, sibique unusque dies restabat : at illa
detrahit crinalem vittam capiti
natæque, sibique :
a faciat. b magistri . cuna. d omnia.

NOTES.
81. Excutis.] Cast away, reject.
82. Nisi te, &c.] Unless thou deceivest
thyself also.
83. Pete.] Desire that which may be at
tained.
85. Hanc.] Necessity, and the quality of
the sex, takes from you her whom you desire
for a wife.
88. Nec.] Nor can you be able to enjoy
her.
95. Luxque jugalis.] The day set for the
-marriage.
96. Mihi.] Because I cannot be able to en
joy her.- Mediis.] Like Tantalus, to whom
the poet seems to allude.
97. Pronuba.] As Juno presided over wed
lock, she always was invoked in lawful mar
:
riages. Hymene .] The God of Marriage.
98. Sacra.] Marriage.
Nubimus.] Nubere is proper to women.
99. Pressit.] After this she held her peace.
Leniùs.] Les.
Virgo.] Ianthe, who believing her intended
husband Iphis, to be a man, was excessively
in love with him.
100. Hymenæc.] The God of Marriage.
102. Omina.] Forebodings.
103. Visaque.] And dreams.
Causatur.] She pretends or feigns.
104. Ficti.] Of false pretences .
Tædæ.] Torches were carried before new
married brides, commonly made of the pine
tree. Hence tæda signifies marriage.
105. Illa.] Telethusa.
358 F. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. IX.

et complexa aram capillis pas- Detrahit : et passis aram complexa capillis :

sis, inquit, Isi, quæ colis Pa- Isi, Parætonium , Mareoticaque arva, Pharonque,
rætonium, Mareoticaque arva,
Pharonque, et Nilum digestum Quæ colis, et septem digestum in cornua Nilum ;
in septem cornua, precor fer Fer precor, inquit, opem, nostroque medere ti
opem, que medere nostro timo mori. 110
ri. Te Dea, te quondam vidi, Te, Dea, te quondam, tuaque hæc insignia vidi,
que hæc tuainsignia, que cog
novi cuncta, comitesque, faces- Cunctaque cognovi, comitesque, facesque, so
que, sonumque sistrorum ; que numque
notavi tuajussa memori animo: Sistrorum ; memorique animo tua jussa notavi :
quòd hæc videt lucem, quòd Quòd videt hæc lucem, quòd non ego punior ipsa,
ego ipsa non punior, est tuum
consilium monitumque ; mise- Consilium, monitumque tuum est : miserere
rere duarum, que juva auxilio. duarum, 115
Lacrymæ sunt secutæ verba. Auxilioque juva. Lacrymæ sunt verba secutæ,
Dea visa est movisse suas aras Visa Dea est movisse suas (et moverat) aras :
(et moverat :) et fores templi
tremuêre, que cornua, imitata Et templi tremuêre fores, imitataque Lunam
Lunam,fulserunt : que sonabile Cornua fulserunt : crepuitque sonabile sistrum.
sistrum crepuit. Mater abit Non secura quidem, fausto tamen omine læta
templo, non secura quidem, ta
men, læta fausto omine. Iphis Mater abit templo. Sequitur comes Iphis eun
comes sequitur euntem, majore tem 121
gradu quàm solita, nec candor Quàm solita est majore gradu, nec candor in ore
permanet in ore, et vires au
gentur, et ipsevultus est acrior, Permanet, et vires augentur et acrior ipse est
et brevior mensura incomptis Vultus, et incomptis brevior mensura capillis ;
capillis ; plusque vigoris adest, Plusque vigoris adest, habuit quàm fœmina ; jam
quàm habuit fœmina ; jam es 1 quæ
puer, quæ nuper eras fœmina. [plis :
Datemuneratemplis : necgau- Fœmina nuper eras, puer es. Datemuneratem
dete timidâ fide. Dant munera Nec timidâ gaudete fide. Dant munera templis.
templis. Et addunt titulum; Addunt et titulum ; titulus breve carmen habe
titulus habebat brève carmen.
bat : 128
Iphis puer solvit dona, quæ
fœmina voverat. Postera lux Dona puer solvit, quæ fœmina voverat, Iphis.
patefecerat latum orbem ra- Postera lux radiis latum patefecerat orbem :
diis, cùm Venus, et Juno, que Cum Venus, et Juno, sociosque Hymenæus ad
Hymenæus conveniunt ad so
cios ignes ; que puer Iphis po ignes 131
titur suâ Ianthe, Conveniunt ; potiturque suâ puer Iphis Ianthe.

NOTES.

108. Parætonium .] A town of Egypt, where
Isis was more especially worshipped.
Mareotica.] A lake in Egypt, washing
Alexandria.
Pharonque.] An island of Egypt, nowjoin
ed by a bridge to Alexandria, famous for a
large watch-tower, called Pharos ; it is a sea
mark, and has lights kept constantly burning
in it by night.
109. Cornua.] Ports, mouths. Forthe Nile
empties itself into the sea by seven mouths.
111. Insignia.] For all these images were
on the altar of Isis, which Telethusa saw in
a dream.
114. Quòd non, &c.] Heinsius suspects this
hemistich, on account of the diversity of
readings.
120. Fausto omine. ] With the happy tokens.
128. Titulum.] ' Avalyμa .
131. Ignes.] The sacrifices which were made
at weddings to Juno, Hymenæus, and thegods
of conjugal love.

EXP. FAB. XI. This Fable must have arisen from some such circumstances
as our own memoirs may furnish us with, of persons concealing their sex,
and for a long time carrying on the imposition, even to an unpardonable
deception.
 (359)

P. OVIDII NASONIS

METAMORPHOSEON,

LIBER X.

FAB. I. EURYDICES MORS.

THE ARGUMENT .

Eurydice, the Wife of Orpheus, as she is diverting herself in a Field with

some other Nymphs, is bit by a Serpent, of which she immediately dies.

INDE per immensum croceo velatus amictu Inde Hymenæus velatus cro
Aëra digreditur, Ciconumque Hymenæus ceo amictu digreditur per im
mensum aëra, que tendit ad
ad oras oras Ciconum : et vocatur Or
Tendit : et Orpheâ nequicquam voce vocatur. pheâ voce nequicquam. Ille
quidem adfuit : sed nec attulit
Adfuit ille quidem : sed nec solennia verba, solennia verba, nec lætós vul
Nec lætos vultus, nec felix attulit omen. 5 tus, nec felix omen. Quoque
Fax quoque, quam tenuit, lacrymoso stridula fax, quam tenuit, fuit utque
fumo, stridula lacrymoso fumo, inve
Utque a fuit, nullos invenit motibus ignes. nit nullos ignes motibus. Exi
Exitus auspicio gravior : nam nupta, per herbas tus gravior auspicio : nam dum
nova nupta, comitata turba
Dum nova Naïadum turbâ comitata vagatur, Naïadum, vagatur per herbas,
Occidit, in talum serpentis dente recepto. 10 occidit, dente serpentis recep
to in talum.
a Usque fuit, nullosque, &c.
NOTES.

2. Ciconum ] On the borders of Thrace, compliment the bride and bridegroom with
where the people called the Cicones, dwelt, such congratulatory expressions as these :
near Mount Ismarus, and the Bistonian Lake.
3. Nequicquam. ] In vain. For it was an Faustæ felicesque hæ sint nuptiæ '
unfortunate marriage. 6. Fax.] Five torches were usually carried
4. Solennia. ] It was usual at weddings to before the new-married bride.

FAB. II. ORPHEUS APUD INFEROS . ANONYMUS QUIDAM , ITEM OLENUS

ET LETHEA IN LAPIDES.

Orpheus, after having mourned for Eurydice, resolves to go in quest ofher to

Hell. Pluto and theFates consent to her Return, on condition thatOrpheus
should not look at her till he was out oftheir Dominions. His curiosity gets
360 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. X.

so much the better of him that he steals a Look, and she is snatched from
him for ever. Ovid relates upon this Occasion , the Story of a Shepherd,
who was turned into a Rock by a Look of Cerberus ; and the Fable of
Olenus and Lethæa, who were transformed into Stones.

Quanapostquam Rhodopeius
vates ad superas QUAM satis ad superas postquam Rhodopeïus
auras
auras : ne non tentaret et um
bras, ausus est descendere ad Deflevit vates : ne non tentaret et umbras,
Styga Tænariâ portà. Perque Ad Styga Tænariâ est ausus descendere portâ,
leves populos, simulacraque Perque leves populos, simulacraque functa se
functa sepulchris, adiit Perse
phonen : dominumque umbra pulchris,
rum tenentem inamœna regna : Persephonen adiit, inamonaque regna tenentem
pulsisque nervis ad carmina, Umbrarum dominum : pulsisque ad carmina
sic ait : O Numinâ mundi po nervis, 6
siti sub terrâ, in quem quic- Sic ait : O positi sub terrâ Numina mundi,
quid creamur mortale recidi
mus : si licet, et positis am- In quem recidimus quicquid mortale creamur ;
bagibus falsi oris sinitis loqui Si licet, et falsi positis ambagibus oris
vera : non descendi huc ut vi- Vera loqui sinitis ; non huc, ut opaca viderem
derem opaca Tartara, nec utì
vincirem terna guttura Medu- Tartara, descendi ; nec utì villosa colubris 11
sæi monstri villosa colubris. Terna Medusai vincirem guttura monstri.
Conjux est causa viæ : in quam Causa viæ conjux : in quam calcata venenum
vipera calcata diffudit vene
num : abstulitque crescentes Vipera diffudit ; crescentesque abstulit annos.
annos. Volui posse pati ; nec Posse pati volui ; nec me tentâsse negabo :
negabo me tentâsse : amor Vicit amor. Superá Deus hic bene notus in orâ
vicit. Hic Deus est bene notus est.
in superâ orâ. Dubito an sit [esse.
et hic: sed tamen auguror esse An sit et hic, dubito ; sed et hìc tamen auguror
et hic. Que si fama veteris Famaque a si veteris non est mentita rapinæ,
rapinæ non est mentita, amor Vos quoque junxit amor. Per ego hæc loca
junxit vos quoque. Ego oro
per hæc loca plena timoris, per plena timoris ,
hoc ingens Chaos, silentiaque Per Chaos hoc ingens, vastique silentia regni,
vasti regni,
a Famaque si veterem non est mentita rapinam
Vos quoque vicit amor.

NOTES.

1. Rhodopeïus.] Orpheus, a Thracian poet.
Rhodope is a very high mountain of Thrace.
3. Tænaria.] Tænarus is a promontory in
the province of Lacaonia, where they shew a
cave, which they say is the entrance to hell.
4. Leves.] Having no bodies.
5. Persephonen.] Proserpine or Hecate,
who is called Persephone by the Greeks.
6. Dominum.] Pluto.
7. Positi.] Orpheus endeavours to per
suade Pluto and Proserpine to let him have
his wife Eurydice again.
Mundi.] This is a periphrasis of the shades
below.
10. Opaca .] Obscure, dark.
12. Medusæi.] Of Cerberus, the three
headed dog of hell, who has snakes and ser
pents from the hairs of his body, as Medusa
has from the hairs of her head. Orpheus ex
cuses himself, lest it should be thought he
came to carry away Cerberus, as Hercules
had done.
15. Conjux. ] My wife Eurydice.
Venenum ] So called, as some think, be
cause it passes through the veins .
15. Posse.] I would endeavour to bear the
loss of my beloved wife ; but my love is so
great, that it has compelled me to come down
to this place.
17. Auguror.] I conjecture.
18. Rapinæ.] For Pluto falling in love with
Proserpine, carried her off with him to hell.
See Book V.
20. Chaos.] Through this great darkness.
 FAB. II. METAMORPHOSEON . 361

Eurydices oro properata retexite fila. retexite properata fila Eurydi

ces. Debemur omnia vobis :
Omnia debemur vobis : paulumque morati, quemoratipaulum,properamus
Seriùs aut citiùs sedem properamus ad unam. ad unam sedem seriùs aut citiùs.
Tendimus huc omnes ; hæc est domus ultima : vos- Omnestendimus huc: hæc est ul
Humani generis longissima regna tenetis. [que tima domus : que vos tenetis
longissima regna humani ge
Hæc quoque, cùm justos matura peregeret an- neris. Hæc quoque, cùm
nos, matura peregeritjustos annos,
Juris erit vestri. Pro munere poscimus usum. erit vestri juris. Quod si fata
Quòd si fata negant veniam pro conjuge, cer- certum negant veniam pro conjuge,
est mihi nolle redire.
tum est Gaudete letho duorum. Ex
Nolle redire mihi. Letho gaudete duorum. 29 sangues animæ flebant dicen 1
Talia dicentem, nervosque ad verba moventem, tem talia, que moventem ner
Exsangues flebant animæ. Nec Tantalus undam vos ad verba. Nec Tantalus
captavit refugam undam : que
Captavit refugam : stupuitque Ixionis orbis. orbis Ixionis stupuit. Nec
Nec carpsêre jecur volucres ; urnisque vacârunt volucres carpsêre jecur ; que
Belides vacârunt urnis, que
Belides inque tuo sedisti, Sisyphe, saxo.
Tum primùm lacrymis victarum carmine fama est Sisyphe, sedisti in tuo saxo.
Fama est, genas Eumenidum,
Eumenidum maduisse genas : nec regia conjux victarum carmine, tum pri
Sustinet oranti, nec qui regit ima, negare : mùm maduisse lacrymis. Nec
regia conjux, nec qui regit ima, sustinet negare oranti ;

NOTES.

21. Retexite.] Unloose, unweave, that she hearing of Orpheus's song.

may return to life again.
22. Omnia.] All must of necessity come
to you.
26. Peregerit.] She shall have fulfilled.
27, Juris vestri.] In your power.
Usum.] The use and employment of my
wife Eurydice.
28. Si fata, &c. ] But if the Fates deny me
this favour, I have taken a resolution never
toreturn to the living, but to perish here with
my wife.
29. Duorum.] Of me and Eurydice.
30. Talia.] So affecting was the prayer and
song of Orpheus, that it moved the infernal
deities themselves, and caused so great atten
tion in those who were tormented, that, for
getting their punishments, they melted into
tears.
Nervosque-moventem.] And striking the
strings of his lyre.
31. Tantalus.] Tantalus having been per
mitted to sit at table with the gods, discovered
the secrets of Jupiter to men ; for which rea
son he was thrust down to hell, and punished
with thirst, though up to the chin in water ;
and with hunger, though apples hung over
1
his head, which, when he endeavoured to
eatch them, still eluded his touch.
32. Captavit.] He catched at.
Stupuitque.] Remained immoveable at the
Ixionis. ] Ixion, having accused Juno ofa
dultery, was condemned to hell, there to be
continually turned about upon a wheel, and
whipped by the Furies.
33. Jecur. ] OfTityus, who having attempt
ed to debauch Latona, was stretched out into
the length of nine acres, and is reported to
have had a vulture continually preying upon
his liver.Vacârunt. ] They were at rest
from drawing water.
34. Belides.] These were the grand- daugh、
ters of Belus, the fifty daughters of Danaus,
who were married to so many cousins, and,
bythe command of their father Danaus, killed
them on the wedding night, except Hpyerm
nestra who spared Lynceus, for which they
were cast down tohell, and sentenced to draw
water in sieves.
Sisyphe.] Sisyphus was the son of Æolus,
who infesting the Isthmus with robberies, was
thrust down to hell, and sentenced to roll a
great stone up the side of a mountain, which,
when it had almost reached the top, rolled
down again into the valley.
36. Eumenidum .] Of the Furies, whose
names are Megæra, Tisiphone , and Alecto, so
called by Antiphrasis, from Evεis, which
signifies benevolent , or easily inclined.
Regia conjux.] Proserpine .
37. Qui Regit. A Periphrasis of Pluto.
A a a
 362 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. X.

que vocant Eurydicen. Illa Eurydicenque vocant. Umbras erat illa recentes
erat inter recentes umbras, et Inter : et incessit passu de vulnere tardo. 38
incessittardo passu de vulnere. Hanc simul et legem Rhodopeïus accipit heros,
Rhodopeïusheros accipit hanc,
et simul legem, ne flectat sua Ne flectat retro sua lumina, donec Avernas
luminaretro, donec exierit A- Exierit valles : aut irrita dona futura.
vernas valles : aut dona futura
irrita. Acclivus trames carpitur Carpitur acclivus per muta silentia trames,
per muta silentia, arduus, ob- Arduus, obscurus, caligine densus opacâ. 44
scurus, densus, opacâ caligine. Nec procul abfuerant telluris margine summæ.
Nec abfuerant procul margine Hic ne deficeret, metuens, avidusque videndi,
summæ telluris. Hic amans, Flexit amans oculos : et protinus illa relapsa est.
metuens ne deficeret, avidus
que videndi, flexit oculos : et Brachiaque intendens, prendique et prendere
protinus illa est relapsa. Que a certans, 48
intendens brachia, que certans Nil nisi cedentes infelix arripit auras.
prendi et prendere, infelix ar [ quam
ripit nil nisi cedentes auras. Jamque iterum moriens non est de conjuge quic
Jamque moriens iterum, non Questa suo : quid enim b sese quereretur amatam ?
est questa quicquam de suo Supremumque vale, quod jam vix auribus ille
conjuge : enim quid quereretur Acciperet, dixit : revolutaque rursus eodem est.
sese amatam? que dixit supre
mum vale, quod ille jam vix Non aliter stupuit gemina nece conjugis Or
acciperet auribus : que est rur pheus : 54
sus révoluta eodem. Orpheus Quàm tria qui timidus , medio portante catenas,
stupuit gemina nece conjugis, Colla canis vidit : quem non pavor antè reliquit
non aliter quàm qui
vidit • tria colla canis, timidus
medio Quam natura prior, saxo per corpus oborto :
portante catenas : quem pavor Quique in se crimen traxit, voluitque videri
non reliquit antè quàm prior Olenos esse nocens ; tuque ô confisa figuræ,
natura, saxo oborto per corpus Infelix Lethæa, tuæ ; junctissima quondam 60
que Olenos qui traxit crimenin
se, voluitque videri esse nocens; Pectora, nunc lapides, quos humida sustinet Ide.
tuque ô infelix Lethæa, confisa Orantem, frustraque iterum transire volentem,
tuæfiguræ ; quondam junctis- Portitor arcuerat : septem tamen ille diebus
sima pectora, nunc lapides,
quos humida Ide sustinet . Por Squalidus in ripâ, Cereris sinè munere, sedit.
titor arcueratorantem, frustra- Cura, dolorque animi, lacrymæque alimenta
que volentem transire iterum : fuêre. 65
tamen ille sedit squalidus in
ripâ, sinè munere Cereris, septem diebus, Cura, dolorque animi, lacrymæque fuère alimenta,
a captans. b nisi se.

NOTES.

38. Umbras.] Among the ghosts, an A
nastrophe.
43. Carpitur.] Orpheus came up from hell
to earth by a very difficult path.
45. Margine.] From the edge.
Summæ.] Of the surface of the earth.
46. Hic.] Then Orpheus being afraid, lest
his wife Eurydice should lose him, looked
back at her.
55. Medio.] sc . Collo. For the middlemost
ofthe three necks of Cerberus was chained.
57. Natura prior.] sc. His human nature.
For there is a story of a certain timorous
person, who for fear of Hercules, fled into .
a cave : but looking out, and seeing Hercules
dragging Cerberus along, was soterrified, thrat
Ire became a stone.
58. Quique.] Another similitude. Orpheus
was as much astonished as Olenus was, when
he knew his wife Lethaa was to be punished ;
for having too great an opinion of her own
beauty she had the presumption to prefer
herself to the goddesses ; he took her fault
upon himself, and so `was turned into a stone
along with his wife .
61. Humida .] Ida in Phrygia is watered
with many springs.
62. Orantem.] Orpheus praying.
63. Portitor.] Charon, who is chief por
ter to the infernal shades.
Arcuerat.] Had driven him away.
64. In ripâ.] Of the Stygian Lake.
Cereris.] Without any sustenance.
FAB. II. METAMORPHOSEON. 363

Esse Deos Erebi crudeles questus, in altam Questus Deos Erebi esse cru
Se recipit Rhodopen, pulsumque Aquilonibus deles recipit in altampulsum
dopen, que se Hæmon Rho
Hæmon. Aquilonibus. Tertius Titan fi
Tertius æquoreis inclusum Piscibus annum nierat annum inclusum æquo
reis
Finierat Titan, omnemque refugerat Orpheus fugerat Piscibus, que Orpheus re
omnem fœmineam Ve
Foemineam Venerem ; seu quòd malè cesserat nerem: seu quòd cesserat malè
illi ; illi ; sive dederatfidem. Tamen
Sive fidem dederat. Multas tamen ardor habebat ardor habebat multas jungere
1 sevati : multærepulsæ doluêre.
Jungere se vati : multæ doluêre repulsæ. Etiam ille fuit auctor populis
Ille etiam Thracum populis fuit auctor, amorem Thracum, transferre amorem
In teneros transferre mares : citraque juventam in teneros mares : et carpere
Ætatis breve ver et primos carpere flores. primos flores citra juventam,
breve ver ætatis.

NOTES.

67. Rhodopen,- -Hæmon.] Mountains of the death of Eurydice, in which time Orpheus
Thrace that lay exposed to the north wind. bad not touched a woman.
68. Inclusum piscibus. ] Bounded by Pis 70. Cesserat. ] Had fallen out ill.
ces . For Pisces is the utmost bound of the 74. Teneros mares.] Youths.
Zodiack, and terminates the year. He there Transferre.] The author of transferring.
fore signifies three years to have passed after

EXP. FAB. II. Orpheus, who is the principal subject of this Fable, has
been so eminently distinguished by the heathen mythologists, as to make it
necessary to be somewhat particular respecting him. In his days poetry and
music were little known in Greece ; and as he was eminent for both, they said
he was the son of Apollo and the muse Calliope : moreover, that he charmed
the beasts ofthe forest, and that even the trees were not insensible to the har
mony of his lyre ; all which figuratively express the power of his eloquence,
which he employed for the improvement of mankind, and the harmony of his
verse to soften their manners. He was so eminently distinguished as to be called
the Interpreter of the Gods ; and is said from the knowledge he had of the
Egyptian theology, to have framed that of the Grecians ; and to have been
taught the knowledge ofthe true God by the Hebrews, while in Egypt.

Queen Eurydice, his wife, dying very young, he was so much affected by
her loss, that he travelled into Thesprotia, where they made incantations to
raise the ghosts of the departed ; and being deceived by a phantom, was so
disturbed on the occasion , that he renounced the society of mankind, and re
tired to the mountains of Thrace : this journey, and his separating himself
from the world, gave rise to the report of his descent into Hell.

There is a strong similitude in this story to the scriptural account of the

wife of Lot, since both husbands lost their wives through the breach of an
express command. Some of the ancients affirm, that Orpheus first esta
blished the worship of the gods, especially Bacchus, while others attribute
to him many of the improvements of his age. Upon the whole, he appears
to have been a person of uncommon genius.

FAB. III. ATTIS IN PINUM.

Orpheus, retiring to Mount Rhodope, by the Power ofhis Music, draws after
him all kinds of Creatures, Rocks and Trees, &c. The Pine, sacred to
364 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. X.

Cybele, and only known since the Transformation of Attis her Favourite
into that Tree, makes one of the Train.

a
Erat colis, que super collem COLLIS erat, collemque super « planissima
planissima area campi : quam campi
herbæ graminis faciebant viri
dem. Umbra deerat loco. Quâ Area: quam viridem faciebant graminis herbæ.
parte postquam vates genitus Umbra loco deerat. Quâ postquam parte resedit
Dîs resedit, et movit sonantia Dis genitus vates, et fila sonantia movit : 4
fila : umbra venit loco. Arbos Umbra loco venit. Non Chaonis abfuit arbos,
Chaonis non abfuit, non nemus
Heliadum, non esculus aliis Non nemus Heliadum, non frondibus esculus altis,
frondibus, nec molles tiliæ, nec Nec tiliæ molles, nec fagus, et innuba laurus ,
fagus et innuba laurus ; et fra- Et coryli fragiles, et fraxinus utilis hastis,
giles coryli, et fraxinus utilis Enodisque abies, curvataque glandibus ilex, 9
hastis. Enodisque abies, que
ilex curvata glandibus, et ge- Et platanus genialis, acerque coloribus impar,
nialis platanus, acerque impar Amnicolæque simul salices, et aquatica lotos,
coloribus, que simul amnicola Perpetuoque virens buxus, tenuesque myricæ,
salices, et aquatica lotos, que Et bicolor myrtus, et baccis cærula tinus :
buxus perpetuo virens, tenues
quemyrice, et bicolor myrtus , Vos quoque flexipedes hederæ venistis, et una
ettinus vos quo- Pampineæ vites, et amictæ vitibus ulmi :
baccis : venistis,
cærulą hederæ 15
que flexipedes
etunà pampinea vites, et ulmi Ornique, et pice , pomoque onerata rubenti
amictæ vitibus : ornique, et Arbutus, et lentæ victoris præmia palmæ :
pices, que arbutus operata ru- Et succincta comas, hirsutaque vertice pinus,
benti pomo, et lenta palina Grata Deum matri ; siquidem Cybeleïus Attis
præmia victoris; et pinus suc
cincta comas, hirsutaque ver Exuit hâc hominem, truncoque induruit illo. 20
tice, grata matri Deûm : si
quidem Cybeleïus Attis exuit hominem hâc, que induruit illo trunco.
a placidissima. b humilesque. с et uvâ
Amicta vites, et amicæ vitibus ulmi ;

NOTES.

1. Collis ] He describes the place where
Orpheus was torn in pieces by the Bacchi.
Collemque super.] An Anastrophe.
4. Dis genitus. Orpheus, the son of Apollo
and the muse Calliope.
5. Chaonis.] That is, the Oak of Chaonia,
called formerly Molossia, of which there was
great plenty.
6. Heliadum.] Of the daughters of the
Sun, which we read were transformed into
poplar-trees, Lib. II. The son is called Helios
bythe Greeks.Esculus. ] It is a glandife
rous tree, sacred to Jupiter.
7. Innuba. ] So called, because the virgin
Daphne, who was turned into a laurel, would
never be married. See Book I. Fab. III.
9. Enodisque.] Without Knots.
10. Genialis.] Dedicated to Genius and
pleasure ; for in summer-time its leaves serve
as a screen from the sun, and afford a shade
to those who refresh themselves under its
branches.
Acer.] The maple is a mottled tree.
11. Amnicolæque. ] Growing nigh the ri
vers.
Aquatica ] The Lotos is a tree that delights
in moist places, from whence, by the poet, it
is called Aquatica.
12. Tenuesque.] Slender.
13. Myrtus.] It is a tree dedicated to Ve
nus. - Tinus.] The tine-tree.
13. Pampineæ. ] Leafy.
16. Pomoque rubenti. ] With red apples.
17. Lentæ.] Pliable.-Victoris.] Because
conquerors were crowned with the palm.
18. Succincta, &c.] The pine-tree puts
forth leaves only at the top.
19. Matri.] To Cybele.

EXP, FAB. III. The metamorphosis of Attis is so variously related, that it

would be vain to attempt reconciling the different accounts. It is sufficient
for ourpurpose tosay he was a shepherd, with whom Cybele, ( daughter tothe
king ofthe country, ) fell in love ; but her father, to prevent her dishonour,
had him slain; in consequence of which she wandered in despair until she died ,
 FAB. IV. METAMORPHOSEON. 365

A plague afterwards ravaged Phrygia, and the Oracle declared, that the
inhabitants must search for, and pay funeral rites to the body of Attis, and
institute divine honours to Cybele, before the pestilence could cease. This
was done, and in time Cybele's name became great amongst the Heathens,
insomuch, that she was called the Mother ofthe Gods. Her priests, it was
said, were castrated to preserve them from irregularities, but were stigma
tized notwithstanding, and odious for their crimes.

FAB. IV . CYPARISSUS IN CUPRESSUM.

Cyparissus, just as he is going to dispatch himself for having killed, by ac

cident, a favourite Deer, is transformed into a Cypress by Apollo.

Cupressus imitata metas ad

ADFUIT huic turbæ metas imitata cupressus, fuit huic turbæ, nunc arbor,
Nunc arbor, puer antè Deo dilectus ab illo, antè puer, dilectus ab illo Deo
Qui citharam nervis, et nervis temperat arcus. qui temperat citharam nervis,
Namque sacer Nymphis Carthæa tenentibus arva et arcus nervis. Namque erat
Ingens cervus erat : lateque patentibus altas 5 ingens cervus, sacer Nymphis
tenentibus Carthæa arva : que
Ipse suo capiti præbebat cornibus umbras : ipse præbebat altas umbras suo
Cornua fulgebant auro : demissaque in armos capiti, cornibus patentibus :
Pendebant tereti gemmata monilia collo. cornua fulgebant auro : que
gemmata monilia demissa in
Bulla super frontem parvis argentea loris armos pendebant tereti collo.
Į
Vincta movebatur ; parilique ex ære nitebant Argentea bulla, vincta parvis
Auribus in geminis circùm cava tempora baccæ ; loris, movebatur super fron
Isque metu vacuus, naturalique pavore 12 tem ; que baccæ ex parili ære
Deposito, celebrare domos, mulcendaque colla nitebant in geminis auribus oir
cùm cava tempora : isque va
Quamlibèt ignotis manibus præbere solebat. cuus metu, naturalique pavore
Sed tamen ante alios, Ceæ pulcherrime gentis, deposito, solebat celebrare do
Gratus erat, Cyparisse, tibi. Tu pabula cervum mos, que præbere colla mul
Ad nova, tu liquidi ducebas fontis ad undam: 17 cenda manibus quamlibet ig
notis. Sed tamen erat gratus
Tu modò texebas varios per cornua flores : ante alios tibi, Cyparisse, pul
I
Nunc eques in tergo residens, huc latus et illuc cherrime Ceæ gentis . Tudu
Mollia purpureis frænabas ora capistris. 20 cebas cervum ad nova pabula,
tu ad undam liquidi fontis : tu
Estus erat, mediusque dies : Solisque vapore modò texebas varios flores per
1 Concava littorei fervebant brachia Cancri, cornua : nunc eques residens in
Fessus in herbosâ posuit sua corpora terrâ tergo, latus huc et illuc, fræ
1. nabas mollia ora purpureis ca
Cervus: et arboreâ ducebat frigus ab umbrâ. pistris. Erat æstus mediusque
Hanc pucr imprudens jaculo Cyparissus acuto dies : que concava brachia lit
Fixit : et, ut sævo morientem vulnere vidit, 26 torei Cancri fervebant vapore
Velle mori statuit. Quæ non solatia Phoebus Solis. Cervus fessusposuit sua
corpora in herbosâ terrâ : et
ducebat frigus ab arboreà umbrâ. Puer Cyparissus imprudens fixit hunc acuto jaculo ; et, ut
? vidit morientem sævo vulnere, statuit velle mori . Quæ solatia non dixit Phœbus ?

NOTES.
1
1. Imitata metas.] Grown to a point. 15. Ceæ .] Of Cea, an island in the Ægean
4. Carthæa.] Ofthe island Cea, one ofthe Sea.- -20. Capistris. ] Reins. With which
Cyclades. horses are in, and governed.
8. Gemmata.] Adorned with jewels. 21.] Solisque.] He intimates, that the sun.
10. Parili. ] Of an equal size. was then in Cancer, at which time the heats
12. Isque. ] The buck or stag. are most violent. Therefore it is a periphrasis
14. Quamlibet.] Although ever so great ofthe month of June.
strangers. 24. Ducebat He drew in, be, took.,
 366 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. X.

queadmonuit ut doleret leviter Dixit ? et ut leviter, pro materiâque doleret,

et pro materiâ . Illa tamen ge- Admonuit. Gemit ille tamen : munusque su
mit : que petit hoc supremum
munus à Superis : ut lugeat premum 29
omni tempore. Jamque san- Hoc petit à Superis ; ut tempore lugeat omni.
guine egesto per immensos fle- Jamque per immensos egesto sanguine fletus,
tus, membra cœperunt verti in
viridem colorem ; et capilli qui In viridem verti cœperunt membra colorem ;
modò pendebant niveâ fronte, Et modò, qui niveâ pendebant fronte capilli,
fieri horrida cæsaries, sumto- Horrida cæsaries fieri : sumtoque rigore
que rigore spectare sidereum Sidereum gracili spectare cacumine cœlum. 35
cœlum gracili cacumine. Deus
ingemuit, tristisque inquit, Lu- Ingemuit, tristisque Deus, Lugebere nobis,
gebere nobis, lugebisque alios, Lugebisque alios, aderisque dolentibus, inquit.
aderisque dolentibus.

NOTES.

28. Materiâ.] According to the quality of
the thing that was lost.
32. Egesto.] Being exhausted.
34. Sumtoque. ] Having contracted hard
Hess.
35. Sidereum cœlum.] The starry heaven.
37. Lugebisque.] For branches of the
Cypress-Tree were, by the Romans, set before
the doors of those houses where a dead
corpse lay, lest any person should ignorantly
go in and be polluted.
Dolentibus.] At funeral rites.

EXP. FAB. IV. The metamorphosis of Cyparissus into a Cypress, is found

ed on the resemblance the name in Greek has to that tree ; and the atten
tion paid him by Apollo, shews that he was a person of taste in the Polite
Arts and Poetry: The cypress-tree is known as an emblem of sorrow, to
which the appearance of the tree itself gives countenance ; for its branches
being destitute of leaves, and always drooping, have a melancholy aspect,
never appearing erect, or with the ornaments of other trees.

FAB. V. JUPITER IN AQUILAM.

Jupiter is so much charmed with the Beauty of Ganymede, that he trans

forms himself into an Eagle to carry him off. He is taken up to Heaven,
and made Cup-bearer to the Gods.

Vates attraxerat tale nemus, TALE nemus vates attraxerat : inque fera
que sedebat medius in concilio rum
ferarum, que turbæ volucrum.
Ut satis tentavit chordas im- Concilio medius, turbæ volucrumque sedebat.
pulsas pollice ; et sentit varios Ut satis impulsas tentavit pollice chordas :
modes concordare, quamvis so- Et sensit varios, quamvis diversa sonarent,
narent diversa ; movet vocem
hoc carmine. Musa parens , Concordare modos ; hoc vocem carmine a movit.
move nostra carmina ab Jove Ab Jove, Musa parens, (cedunt Jovis omnia
(omnia cedunt regno Jovis) regno) [testas
Potestas Jovis est sæpe
Carmina nostra move. Jovis est mihi sæpe po
a rupit.

NOTES.
3. Impulsas.] Struck.Chordas.] The 6. Musa.] Orpheus invokes his mother
strings ofa musical instrument. Calliope the Muse.
4: Diversa ] Differently ; an Adjective for Cedunt.] All things are subject to the
an Adverb.Varios modos. ] The different King of Heaven ; therefore begin my song
rounds which constitute harmony, from Jove .
FAB, V. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 367

Dicta prius. Cecini plectro graviore Gigantas, dicta mihi prius. Cecini Gi
Sparsaque Phlegræis victricia fulmina campis. gantas graviore plectro, que
victricia fulmina sparsa Phle
Nunc opus est leviore lyrâ: puerosque canamus
græis campis. Nunc est opus
Dilectos Superis ; inconcessisque puellas 11 leviore lyrâ; que canamus pue
Ignibus attonitas meruisse libidine pœnam. ros dilectos Superis ; que puel
las attonitas inconcessis ignibus
Rex Superûm Phrygii quondam Ganymedis a meruisse poenam libidine, Rex
more Superûm quondam arsit amore
Arsit : et inventum est aliquid, quod Jupiter esse, Phrygii Ganymedis ; et aliquid
Quam quod erat, mallet. Nullâ tamen alite verti est inventum, quod Jupiter
Dignatur ; nisi quæ posset sua fulmina ferre. 16 mallet esse, quàm quod erat.
Tamen dignatur verti nullâ
Nec mora : percusso mendacibus aëre pennis alite, nisi quæ posset ferre sua
Abripit Iliaden. Qui nunc quoque pocula miscet, fulmina. Nec mora : abripit
Invitàque Jovi nectar Junone ministrat. Iliaden, aëre percusso menda
cibus pennis. Qui nunc quo
que miscet pocula, que ministrat nectar Jovi, Junone invità.

NOTES.

8. Graviore.] In a deeper tone, such as is
proper for war.
Plectro.] Plectrum is a musical instrument,
which the Latins call Pecten, with which the
strings are struck : so called ofrou wλTEV,
i. e. of striking.Gigantas. ] The battle of
the Giants. See Lib. II.
9. Phlegræis.] When the Giants were killed
with thunderbolts. In what part of the earth
this was, writers are not agreed.
10. Leviore.] In a softer sound, more
adapted to love.
11. Inconcessisque.] Unlawful love.
13. Phrygii.] Of the Trojan. For Gany
mede was the son of Tros, a king of Phrygia,
and is said to have been carried away by Ju
piter, in the form of an eagle, and made his
cup-bearer.
16. Fulmina.] The poet alludes to the con
stellation Aquila, which, as Statius says of
the eagle, is said to hold a thunderbolt in his
talons. Hence the eagle is called by many
Jovis Armiger, and by Horace, Minister ful
minis ales.
18. Iliaden.] Ganymede, the grandson of
Ilus.
19. Invitâque.] Against the consent of Ju
no, who took it very ill that her daughter
Hebe should be turned out of the cup-bearer's
place, to make way for Ganymede.

EXP. FAB. V. The rape of Ganymede, has its foundation in the following
circumstances in history: Tros, king of Troy, having been successful against
his neighbours, sent his son into Lydia, to offer sacrifices in the Temple of
Jupiter ; but this not being known to Tantalus, who had the eagle in his
ensign, he caused Ganymede and his people to be arrested in the Temple,
and thrown into prison, taking them for spies. The story of his being ap
pointed Cup-bearer to the Gods, arose from his being employed in that
station in the court of Lydia. The poets have placed him in the Heavens,
where he forms the sign Aquarius. The rape of Ganymede was the occa
sion of that of Helen by Paris, the great grandson of Tros, who made this
reprisal on Menelaus, king of Lacedemon, the great grandson of the ravisher
of Ganymede. Agamemnon made use of this event to engage the Greeks
and Trojans in the war so fatal to the latter.

FAB. VI. HYACINTHUS IN FLOREM .

Apollo playing with Hyacinthus, Boreas turns one of the Quoits out of its
Course, which strikes the Youth on the head and kills him. From his
Blood springs that Flower which still bears his name .
368 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. X

Amyclide, Phoebus quoque TE quoque, Amyclide, posuisset in æthere

suisset tein æthere : si tristia Phoebus ;
fata dedissent spatium ponendi.
Tamen es æternus quà licet, Tristia si spatium ponendi fata dedissent.
quotiesque Ver repellit Hye- Quà licet, æternus tamen es : quotiesque repellit
mem, que Aries succedit aquo- Ver Hyemem, Piscique Aries succedit aquoso ;
so Pisci : toties tu oreris : que Tu toties oreris : viridique in cespite flores. 5
flores in viridi cespite. Meus
genitor dilexit te ante alios : et Te meus ante alios genitor dilexit : et orbis
Delphi positi in medio orbis In medio positi caruêrunt præside Delphi ;
caruerunt præside : dum Deus Dum Deus Eurotan , immunitamque frequentat
frequentat Eurotan, immuni
tamque Sparten : nec cithara, Sparten ; nec citharæ, nec sunt in honore sagittæ.
nec sagittæ sunt in honore. Immemor ipse sui non retia ferre recusat ; 10
Ipse immemor sui non recusat Non tenuisse canes; non per juga montis iniqui
ferre retia : non tenuisse canes, Isse comes : longâque alit assuetudine flammas .
non isse comes per juga iniqui
montis : que alit flammas lon- Jamque ferè medius Titan venientis et actæ
gâ assuetudine. Jamque Titan Noctis erat, spatioque pari distabat utrinque ;
erat ferè medius venientis et Corpora veste levant, et succo pinguis olivi 15
actæ noctis, que distabat utrin- Splendescunt , latique ineunt certamina disci.
que pari spatio : levant corpora
veste, et splendescunt succo Quem priùs aërias libratum Phoebus in auras
pinguis olivæ, que ineunt cer- Misit, et oppositas disjecit pondere nubes :
tamina lati disci. Quem Pho- Recidit in solidam longo post tempore terram
bus misit priùs libratum in
aërias auras, et disjecit oppo- Pondus; et exhibuit junctam cum viribus artem.
sitas nubes pondere : Pondus Protinùs imprudens, actusque cupidine ludi, 21
recidit in solidam terram longo Tollere Tænarides orbem properabat : at illum
tempore pòst : et exhibuit ar- Dura a repercussum subjecit in aëra tellus,
temjunctam cum viribus. Pro
tinùsTænarides imprudens, ac. ac In vultus, Hyacinthe, tuos. Expalluit æquè
tusque cupidine ludi, propera- Ac puer ipse Deus : collapsosque excipit artus :
bat tollere orbem: at dura tel- Et modò te refovet : modò tristia vulnera siccat :
hus subjecit illum repercussum Nunc animam admotis fugientem sustinet herbis.
in aëra, in tuos vultus Hyacin
the. Deus ipse expalluit æquè Nil prosunt artes. Erat immedicabile vulnus.
ac puer : que excipit collapsos Ut si quis violas, riguove papaver in horto,
artus : et modò refovet te :
modò siccat tristia vulnera : nunc sustinet fugientem animam herbis admotis. Artes prosunt
nil. Vulnus erat immedicabile. Ut si quis infringat violas, ve papaver
a Dura repercusso subjecit ab aëre tellus, &c.

NOTES.

1. Amyclide. Hyacinthus, son of Amycla.
6. Meus genitor.] My father Apollo. Or
pheus testifies that he was the son of Apollo
and the muse Calliope .
7. Medio.] Delphos is a city of Boeotia,
famous for the Oracle of Apollo, which by
geographers is said to have been situated in
the middle of the earth.
Præside.] Apollo.
8. Eurotan. ] A river of Laconia.
9. Sparten.] A city of the Lacedæmonians,
which they would not encompass with walls,
relying upon the courage of the youth as suf
ficient to defend it.
10. Sui.] Of his divinity.
12. Assuetudine.] By intimacy.
13. Medius, &c. ] It was noon-tide,
Acta.] Past.
14. Utrinque.] Both of the night past, and
that which was coming.
15. Succo pinguis olivi.] Those that were
going to wrestle anointed themselves with
oil.
16. Disci. ] The Discus was a round plate,
of the thickness of three or four fingers, and
little more than a foot broad, made of stone,
iron, or brass, which they threw with a whirl
into the air.
20. Exhibuit artem, &c.] Proves at once
his strength and skill, by lodging it near the
distant mark.
22. Tænarides.] Hyacinthus of Tænarus.
See the notes above, Fab. II. Ver. 3.
23. Subjecit.] The hard earth caused the
quoit to rebound.
 FAB. VI METAMORPHOSEΩN , 369

Liliaque infringat, fulvis hærentia virgis ; 30 liliaque, hærentia fulvis virgis

Marcida demittant subitò caput illa gravatum ; subitò
in riguo horto, gravatum
demittant illa marcida
ca
Nec se sustineant ; spectentque cacumine terram. put : nec sustineant se ; spec
Sic vultus moriens jacet ; et defecta vigore tentque terram cacumine. Sic
Ipsa sibi est oneri cervix ; humeroque recumbit. moriens vultus jacet ; et cervix
Laberis, Oebalide, primâ fraudate juventâ, 35 ipsa defecta vigore est oneri si
bi ; que recumbit
Phoebus ait: videoque tuum mea criminavulnus. Phoebus ait, Oebalidehumero. laberis,
Tu dolor es, facinusque meum. Mea dextera fraudate primâ juventâ : vide
letho oque tuum vulnus esse mea
Inscribenda tuo est. Ego sum tibi funeris auctor. crimina. Tu es dolor, que
meum facinus. Mea dextera
Quæ mea culpa tamen ? nisi si lusisse vocari est inscribenda tuo letho. Ego
Culpa potest. Nisi culpa potest et amâsse vo sum auctor funeris tibi. Ta
cari. 40 men quæ mea culpa? nisi si
potestvocari culpa lusisse. Ni
Atque utinam pro te vitam, tecumve liceret si et amâsse potest vocari culpa.
Reddere ! Sed quoniam fatali lege tenemur, Atque utinam liceret reddere
Semper eris mecum, memorique hærebis in ore. vitam pro te, tecumve ! Sed
Te lyra pulsa manu, te carmina nostra sonabunt : quoniam tenemur fatali lege ;
Flosque novus scripto gemitus imitabere nostros. bis eris semper mecum, que hære
in memori ore. Lyra
Tempus et illud erit, quo se fortissimus heros pulsa nostrâ manu sonabit te,
Addat in hunc florem folioque legatur eodem. nostra carmina sonabunt te
Talia dum verò memorantur Apollinis ore, que novus flos imitabere nos
tros gemitus scripto. Et illud
Ecce cruor, qui fusus humi signaverat herbam, tempus erit, quo fortissimus
Desinit esse cruor : Tyrioque nitentior ostro 50 heros addat se in hunc florem ;
Flos oritur ; formamque capit quani lilia : si non talia que legatur eodem
memoran turfolio.
veroDum
ore
Purpureus color huic, argenteus esset in illis. Apollini qui fusus
s, ecce cruor,
Non satis hoc Phobo est ; is enim fuit auctor humi signaverat herbam, desi
honoris. nit esse cruor : que flos oritur
Ipse suos gemitus foliis inscribit : et ai ai Fest . nitentior Tyrio ostro; que ca
pit formam, quam lilia: si non
Flos habet inscriptum : funestaque littera ducta purpureus esset color huic, ar
Nec a genuisse pudet Sparten Hyacinthon : ho- genteus in illis. Hoc non est
norque 56 satis Phœbo. Enim is fuit.
Durat in hoc ævi : celebrandaque more priorum auctor honoris. Ipse inscribit
suos gemitus in foliis : et flos
Annua prælatâ redeunt Hyacinthia pompâ. habet ai ai inscriptum : funes
taque littera est ducta. Nec
pudet Sparten genuisse Hyacinthon : honorque durat in hoc ævi ; que Hyacinthia redeunt
annua celebranda pompâ prælatâ more priorum. a genuisse.

NOTES.

35. Laberis.] Thou diest.— Oebalide.] Hy veins or fibres run so (as Pliny testifies) as to
acinthus of Oebalia, a city of Laconia. make the figure of the Greek letters AI, an
42. Tenemur fatali lege. ] We (the gods) interjection of grief. It also denotes the name
+ are bound by the powerful laws of fate, i. e. of Ajax, as being the first syllable of that
are immortal, and cannot die. Teneri legibus hero's name, in Greek Asas.
is a lawterm, as in Virgil : 55. Ducta est.] Is 'drawn or written : for
Patriæ teneor nec legibus ullis. while letters are writing, they may properly
be said to be drawing.
45. Scripto.] By the inscription. A flower 56. Sparten.] By another name Lacedæ
called Hyacinthus (the Hyacinth) has letters mon, a great city of Peloponnesus : it is put
inscribed on the leaves ; that is to say, its for the inhabitants.

EXP. FAB. VI. What is chiefly to be observed respecting this fable, is

the idea the Pagans had of their gods, whom they frequently represented
Bbb
 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. X,
370

as engaged in actions which lessened their dignity, and sometimes in the

most infamous vices ; which shews how ineffectual such religion must have
been to influence the morality of their lives.

FAB. VII. & VIII. CYPRI INCOLÆ IN BOVES. PROPOETIDES IN LAPIDES.

Venus incensed at the Ceraste for polluting the island Cyprus, which was
sacred to her, with the inhuman sacrifices they offered to their gods,
transforms them into bulls ; and the Propœtides, as a punishment for
their extravagant debaucheries, are metamorphosed into rocks.

At sifortè roges Amathunta AT si fortè roges fœcundam Amathunta me

foecundam metalli, an velit talli,
genuisse Propœtid as
què atque illos, quibu; sabnuat
quon . An genuisse velit Propoetidas ; abnuat æquè
dam frons erat aspera gemino Atque illos, gemino quondam quibus aspera cornu
cornu ; unde etiam Cerasta Frons erat; unde etiam nomen traxêre Cerastæ.
traxêre nomen . Ara Jovis Ante fores horum stabat Jovis hospitis ara, 5
hospitis stabat ante fores ho
rum, lugubris sceleris : quam Lugubris a sceleris : quam si quis sanguine tinc
si quis advena vidisset tinctam Advena vidisset ; mactatos crederet illic [tam
sanguine ; crederet lactentes Lactentes vitulos, Amathusiacasve bidentes :
vitulos mactatos illic, Ama- Hospes erat cæsus. Sacris offensa nefandis,
thusiacasve bidentes : hospes
erat cæsus. Alma Venus of Ipsa suas urbes Ophiusiaque arva parabat 10
fensa nefandis sacris, ipsa pa- Deserere alma Venus. Sed quid loca grata,
rabat deserere suas urbes, O
quid urbes
phiusiaque Sed quid
grata loca, arva
quid. meæ urbes Peccavêre meæ ? quod crimen , dixit, in illis ?
peccavêre ? quod crimen, dixit, Exilio poenam potiùs gens impia pendat, [ que.
in illis ? Potiùs impia gens Vel nece ; vel si quid medium mortisque fugæ
pendat pœnain in exilio, vel
Idque quid esse potest, nisi versæ pœna figuræ?
nece: vel si quid medium mor
tisque fugæque. Idque quid Dum dubitat, quò mutet eos ; ad cornua vultum
potest esse nisi pœna versæ fi- Flexit : et admonita est hæc illis posse relinqui :
guræ ? Dum dubitat quò mu Grandiaque in torvos transformat membra ju
tet eos; flexit vultum ad cor
nua: et admonita est hæc pos vencos. [ausæ
se relinqui illis : que transfor- Sunt tamen obscœnæ Venerem Propetides
mat grandia membra
juvencos. in torvos Esse negare Deam: pro quo sua, numinis irâ, 20
Tamen obscœnæ
Corpora cum formâ primæ vulgâsse feruntur,
Propœtides ausæ sunt negare
Venerem esse Deam : pro quo,
irâ Numinis, feruntur primæ vulgâsse sua corpora cum formâ. a Ilicibus celebris,

NOTES.
*
1. Amathunta.] Amathus is a city of Cy 10. Ophiusia.] Cyprian.
prus, abounding in metals. 13. Gens impia. ] The Cerasta.
2. Abnuat.] It would deny by a nod, would 14. Fugæque.] Of exile or punishment.
reject them with the same indignation, as it 16. Cornua.] It is certain that the Ceraste
would the Cerasta, who were a disgrace to it, took their names from xɛpara horns. And
by their offering up strangers in sacrifice on14 the island Cyprus itselfwas so called, because
the altar. it had many promontories like horns.
5. Hospitis.] Hospitable, as presiding over 19. Tamen.] Although Venus had trans
hospitality. formed the Cerasta into oxen, yet the Pro
6. Lugubris sceleris. ] Tragical wickedness. pœtides presumed to deny her being a god
8. Amathusiacasve.] Cyprian. For Cyprus dess.
was called Amathusia. 20. Pro.] Fo which reason or cause.
Bidentes.] Sheep of two years old. 21. Vulgâsse.] To have prostituted.
 FAB. IX. METAMORPHOSEΩN , 371

Utque pudor cessit, sanguisque induruit oris, Utquepudor cessit, sanguisque

oris induruit, versæ in rigidunt
In rigidum parvo silicem discrimine versa. silicem parvo discrimine.

NOTES.

22. Cessit.] Departed, was filed. who were so hardened that they blushed at
25. Discrimine. ] By a small transition : for nothing.
the statues of stone resembled the Propoetides, Verse.] Changed, transformed ; sc.fuerunt.

EXP. FAB. VII . & VIII. By the Metamorphosis of the Cerasta into Bulls,
is implied the inhuman disposition of the people to strangers , whom they
sacrificed to their gods. The island was otherwise called Cerastis, from its
figure, having many craggy promontories resembling horns, and from this
equivocation in the name sprung the fable. The change ofthe Propoetides
!
into Rocks signifies the debauched and unabashed manner of their lives.

FAB. IX. PYGMALIONIS STATUA EBURNEA IN VIRGINEM.

Pygmalion, a famous Statuary, provoked by the dissolute Lives of the Pro

patides, throws off all Fondness for the Sex, and resolves on a perpetual
Celibacy. But afterwards, falling in Love with a Statue he had made,
Venus, at his request, animates it ; upon which he marries his newly-in
spired Mistress , and has a Son by her, who afterwards built the City of
Paphos, which bears the name of its Founder,

Quas quia Pygmalion vide

QUAS quia Pygmalion ævum per crimen
agentes rat agentes ævum per crimen,
offensus vitiis, quæ natura de
Viderat, offensus vitiis, quæ plurima menti ditplurimafœmineæ menti, vi
1 FoemineæNatura dedit, sinè conjuge cœlebs vebat cœlebs sine conjuge : que
4 diu carebat consorte thalami.
F Vivebat : thalamique diu consorte carebat.
Intereâ sculpsit niveum ebur
Intereá niveum mira feliciter arte [nasci feliciter mira arte ; que dedit
[ Sculpsit ebur ; formamque dedit, quâ fœmina formam, qua nulla fœmina po
Nulla potest : operisque sui concepit amorem. test nasci : que concepit amo
Virginis est veræ facies ; quam vivere credas : remsui operis. Facies estveræ
virginis : quam credas vivère :
Et, si non obstet reverentia, velle moveri. et, si reverentia non obstet,
Ars adeò latet arte suâ. Miratur, et haurit 10 velle moveri. Ars deò latet
Pectore Pygmalion simulati corporis ignes. suâ arte. Pygmalion miratur,
et haurit pectore ignes simulati
Sæpè manus operi tentantes admovet, an sit corporis. Sæpe admovet manus
Corpus, an illud ebur : nec ebur tamen
W30 esse fa- operi,tentantesan illud sit cor
tetur. [que : pus,anebur : nectamenfatetur
Oscula dat, reddique putat : loquiturque; tenet- esseebur. Dat oscula, queputat
reddi : loquiturque ; tenetque.

NOTES.

1. Quas.] The Propœtides. Miratur.] sc. Statuam.

6. Sculpsit ebur, &c.] Made with wonder
ful art an ivory image.-Quâ.] He intimates
that the statue was very beautiful, so that it
could not be equalled by nature.
10. Adeo ] So that it seemed to be alive,
and not made of ivory.
11. Simulati. ] Made after the likeness of
a virgin.
13. An illud ebur.] Although he touches
the ivory statue and feels it, yet he can scarce
persuade himself that it is ivory ; it seems to
have so much of life,
 372 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. X.

at credit digitos insidere tactis Et credit tactis digitos insidere membris : 15

membris : et metuit ne livor
veniat in pressos artus. Et Et metuit pressos veniat ne livor in artus.
modò adhibet blanditias : mo- Et modò blanditias adhibet : modò grata puellis
dò fert illi munera grata puel- Munera fert illi, conchas, teretesque lapillos,
lis, conchas, teretesque lapillos, Et parvas volucres, et flores mille colorum,
et parvas volucrés, et flores
mille colorum, liliaque, pictas- Liliaque, pictasque pilas, et ab arbore lapsas 20
que pilas, et lacrymas Helia- Heliadum lacrymas. Ornat quoque vestibus
dum lapsas ab arbore. Quoque artus :
ornat artus vestibus : datgem- Dat digitis gemmas ; a dat longa monilia collo :
mas digitis ; dat longa monilia
collo. Leves baccæ pendent Aure leves baccæ ; redimicula pectore pendent.
aure, redimicula pectore. Cuncta decent nec nuda minus formosa videtur.
Cuncta decent ; nec nuda vi- Collocat hanc stratis concha Sidonide tinctis : 25
detur minùs formosa. Collo- Appellatque tori sociam : acelinataque colla
eat hanc stratis tinctis Sidoni- Mollibus in plumis, tanquam sensura, reponit,
dè conchâ : appellatque sociam
tori : que reponit acclinata col- Festa dies Veneri, totâ celeberrima Cypro,
latanquam sensura in mollibus Venerat : et pandis inductæ cornibus aurum 29
plumis. Festa dies Veneri ce- Conciderant ictæ niveâ cervice juvenca : [ aras
leberrima totâ Cypro venerat,
et juvencæ niveâ cervice, in- Thuraque fumabant : cùm munere functus ad
ductæ aurum pandis cornibus, Constitit : et timidè, Si Dî dare cuncta potestis ;
icta conciderant : thuraquefu- Sit conjux opto (non ausus, eburnea virgo,
mabant : cùm Pyginalion furic Dicere Pygmalion ) similis mea, dixit, eburnæ.
tus munere constitit ad arás :
et dixit timidè, Si Di potestis Sensit, ut ipsa suis aderat Venus aurea festis, 35
dare cuncta ; opto mea conjux Vota quid illa velint : et, amici Numinis omen,
sit, ( non ausus dicere, eburnea Flamma ter acoensa est ; apicemque per aëra
virgo) similis eburnæ. Aurea
Venus, ut ipsa aderat suis fes duxit.
tis, sensit quid illa vota velint : Ut rediit , simulacra suæ petit ille puellæ :
et flamma est accensa ter, Incumbensque toro dedit oscula : Visatepere est.
omen amici numinis : que Admovet os iterùm ; manibus quoque pectora
duxit apicem per aëra. Ut re
diit ; ille petit simulacra suæ tentat : 40
puellæ : incumbensquetotode- Tentatum mollescit ebur : positoque rigore
dit oscula : Visa est tepere. Subsidit digitis, ceditque : ut Hymettia sole
Admovet os iterùm : quoque
tentat pectora manibus : Ebur tentatum mollescit : positoque rigore subsidit, eeditque digitis :
it Hymettia. a longoque, &c.

NOTES

15. Insidere. ] To make an impression, as Phoenicia,from whencethe finest purple came,

though the flesh gave way to his fingers.
16. Metujt pressos, &c. ] He is afraid lest
the members being pressed by his fingers
should become black and blue. For livor is
a livid or blueish spot, that appears upon the
flesh after it has received a blow. Which
comes so near the colour of envious persons,
that livor is often put for invidia.
. 22. Heliadum lacrymas.] Bracelets ofam
ber, which flows from the poplar-trees into
which Phaeton's sisters were turned. See
Lib. II.
23. Baccæ.] Pearls. See Lib. II.
25. Sidonide.] Sidonwas a famous city of
which was produced from the Concha or Mu
rex.- 28. Totâ Cypro.] All over Cyprus,
Cyprus is an island ofthe Mediterranean Sea,
over against Cilicia and Syria, dedicated to
Venus.
29. Cornibus inductæ aurum.] Gilded
with gold.
1 31. Munere ] The sacrifice.
$5. Aurea.] Beautiful. Homer, pren
' Aqodir .
37. Apicemque.] The spiral point of the
flame.
42. Hymettia. ] Hymettus is a mountain
of Attica, abounding with the finest honey.
FAB. X. METAMORPHOSEON . 873

Cera remollescit, tractataque pollice multas cera remollescit sole, tractata

44
que pollice flectitur in multas
Flectitur in facies, ipsoque fit utilis usu. facies, que fit utilis ipso usu.
Dum stupet ; et timidè gaudet ; fallique vere- Dum stupet et gaudet timidè,
tur; [tat.
que veretur falli ; amans rur
Rursus amans, rursusque manu sua vota retrac sus, rursusque, retractat sua
votamanu. Erat corpus ; vena
Corpus erat : saliunt tentatæ pollice venæ. tentatæ pollice salíunt. Verò
Tum verò Paphius plenissima concipit heros tum Paphius heros concipit
Verba ; quibus Veneri grates agat : oraque tan plenissima verba ; quibus agat
dem 49
grates Veneri : que tandem
premit non falsa ora suo ore :
Ore suo non falsa premit: dataque oscula virgo quevirgo sensit data oscula ;
Sensit ; et erubuit : timidumque ad lumina lu- et erubuit ; que attollens timi
men dum lumen ad lumina, vidit
amantem pariter cum cœlo.
Attollens, pariter cum cœlo vidit amantem. Dea adest conjugio quod fecit.
Conjugio quod fecit adest Dea. Jamque coactis Jamque coactis lunaribus cor
Cornibus in plenum novies lunaribus orbem, 54 nibus novies in plenum orbem,
Illa Paphon genuit : de quo tenet insula nomen. illa genuit Paphon : de quo in
sula tenet nomen.

NOTES.

47. Corpus.] sc. Vivum.-Saliunt tentatæ.] most copious, the warmest expressions of gra
The pulse beats under his thumb. titude. 49. Oraque non falsa.] A real face.
48. Paphius.] Pygmalion. Paphos is a city 45. Quo, &c. ] For Cyprus is called Paphos,
of Cyprus.Plenissima verba, &c.] The from Paphos, the son of Pygmalion.
.
EXP. FAB. IX . From this Fable we are to understand, that Pygmalion
having carefully formed the mind of a young princess, and guarded her
against the reigning vices, married her ; and that by him she had a son
named Paphos.

FAB. X. MYRRHA IN ARBOREM SUI NOMINIS. ADONIS EX ILLA NASCITUR.

Myrrha, the Daughter of Cinyras and Cenchris, having conceived an inces

tuous Passion for her Father, and despairing of ever having it satisfied,
actempts to hang herself. Her Nurse surprizes her, and prevents her
Death. Myrrha, after repeated Entreaties and Assurances of her Assist.
ance, discovers to her the cause of her Despair. The Nurse procures
for her, by a Stratagem, the Enjoyment she desired ; which her Father
discovering, pursues his Daughter with a design to kill her. Upon this
she flies his Dominions, is delivered of Adonis, and is afterwards trans
formed into a Tree.

EDITUS hâc ille est, qui, si sinè prole fuisset, Ille Cinyras est editus hât,
Inter felices Cinyras potuisset haberi. qui si fuisset sinè prole, potu
isset haberi inter
Dira canam. Procul hinc natæ, procul este pa nam dira. Natæfelices. Ca
este procul
rentes : hinc, parentes este procul : aut
Aut, mea si vestras mulcebunt carmina mentes, simea carmina mulcebunt ves
tras mentes,

NOTES.

1. Hâc:] From her, i. e. Pygmalion's wife, afford you delight, imagine those things are
that had been a statue. feigned, which are written concerning Myr
4. Aut men si, &c.] Or if any verses should rha, the daughter of Cinyras,
374 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. X

fides desit mihi in hâc parte ; Desit in hâc mihi parte fides ; nec credite factum :
nec credite factum : vel si cre- Vel, si credetis, facti quoque credite pœnam. 6
detis, credite quoque poenam Si tamen admissum sinit hoc Natura videri,
facti. Tamen si natura sinit
videri hoc admissum, gratulor Gentibus Ismariis, et nostro gratulor orbi :
Ismariis gentibus, et nostro or- Gratulor huic terræ, quòd abest regionibus illis,
bi gratulor huic terræ qu d Quæ tantum genuêre nefas. Sit dives amomo,
abest illis regionibus, quæ ge
nuêre tantum nefas. Sit Pan- Cinnamaque, costumque suam, sudataque ligno
chaïa tellus dives amomo, que Thura ferat, floresque alios Panchaïa tellus :
ferat cinnamaque suam cos- Dum ferat et Myrrham. Tanti nova non fuit
tum, que thura sudata ligno,
que alios flores : dum ferat et Ipse negat nocuisse tibi sua tela Cupido, [arbos,
Myrrham. Nova arbos non Myrrha : facesque suas à crimine vindicatpe isto,
rs
fuit tanti. Cupido ipse negat Stipite te Stygio, tumidisque adflavit Echidnis,
sua tela nocuisse tibi , Myrrha E tribus una soror. Scelus est odisse parentem :
que vindicat suas faces ab isto
crimine. Una soror è tribus ad- Hic amor est odio majus scelus. Undique lecti
flavit te Stygio stipite tumidis- Te cupiunt proceres ; totoque Oriente juventus
que Echidnis. Est scelus odisse Ad thalami certamen adest. Ex omnibus unum
parentem hic amor est scelus
majus odio. Proceres lecti un Elige, Myrrha, tibi ; dum ne sit in omnibus unus.
dique capiunt te, que juventus Illa quidem sentit ; fœdoque repugnat amori :
toto oriente adest ad certamen Et secum, Quò mente feror ? quid molior ? in
thalami. Elige, Myrrha. unum quit. 23
tibi ex omnibus, dum unus ne
sit in omnibus. Illa quidem Dî precor, et pietas, sacrataque jura parentum,
sentit, que repugnat fœdo amo- Hoc prohibete nefas : scelerique resistite tanto ;
ri : Etinquitsecum, Quoferor Si tamen hoc scelus est. Sed enim damnare ne
mente? quid molior ? precor, 26
Dî, et pietas, sacrataque jura gatur
parentum, prohibete hoc nefas : Hanc Venerem pietas; coëuntque animalia nulle
que resistite tanto sceleri ; si Cætera a delectu, nec habetur turpe juvencæ
tamen hoc est scelus. Sed enim Ferre patrem tergo : fit equo sua filia conjux ;
pietas negatur damnare hanc
Venerem: que cætera animalia Quasque creavit init pecudes caper : ipsaque
coëunt nullo delectu, nec habe cujus 30
tur turpe juvenca ferre patrem Semine concepta est ex illo concipit ales.
tergo : sua filia fit conjux equo ; Felices, quibus ista licent ! humana malignas
caperinit pecudes quas creavit :
que ales concipit ex illo semine Cura dedit leges : et quod Natura remittit,
cujus ipsa estconcepta. Felices Invida jura negant. Gentes tamen esse feruntur,
quibus istalicent ! humana cu
ra dedit malignas leges ; et in
vida jura negant quod Natura remittit. Tamen feruntur esse gentes,
a delicto.

NOTES.
8. Ismariis. ] Thracian : For Orpheus, who
sings these things, was a Thracian.
9. Abest. Is far distant from.
10. Amomo.] A shrub of Armenia, having
a very sweet smell.
11. Costum ] A shrub growing in Arabia,
ofa very grateful scent.
Sudata ] Distilling as it were by sweat.
12. Panchaïa ] A very fruitful part of
Arabia.
15. Tanti nova non fuit arbos. ] The new
tree makes no amends for incest, the crime
to which it owes its birth.
15. Vindicat. Clears from.
17, E tribus.] One of the three Furies,
Tisiphone, Alecto, or Megæra.
18. Lecti.] Chosen, the noblest.
20. Thalami ad certamen adest. ] Come ta
court you for marriage, striving which shall
obtain you.
30. Init.] Couples with,
33. Remittit.] Permits.
34. Invida.] Which seem to envy mankind,
debarring them from these privileges that na
ture allows of.
Negant.] Prohibit .
Gentes.] These are the Troglodytæ, and
various nations of the Ethiopians, who have
their wives in common, and live after the
manner of brutes.
 FAB. X. METAMORPHOSEON . 375

In quibus et nato genitrix, et nata parenti 35 in quibus genitrix jungitur na

Jungitur ; a et pietas geminato crescit amore. to, et nata parenti ; et pietas
crescit amore geminato. Me
Me miseram, quòd non nasci mihi contigit illic, miseram ; quòd non contigit
Fortunâque loci lædor ! Quid in ista revolvor ? mihi nasci illic, que lædor for
Spes interdictæ discedite. Dignus amari . tunâ loci ! Quid revolvor in
ista ? interdictæ spes dis cedite.
Ille, sed ut pater, est. Ergo si filia magni 40 Ille est dignus amari, sed ut
Non essem Cinyræ ; Cinyræ concumbere possem. pater. Ergo si non essemfilia
Nunc quia tam meus est, non est meus ; ipsaque magni Cinyræ ; possem con
damno cumbere Cinyræ. Nunc quia
est tam meus, non est meus :
Est mihi proximitas : aliena potentior essem. ipsaque proximitas est mihi
Ire libetprocul hinc, patriosque relinquere fines, damno, aliena essem potentior.
Dum scelus effugiam. Retinet malus error a- Libet ire procul hinc, que re
mantem ; [quarque, linquere patrios fines, dum ef
fugiam scelus. Malus error
Ut præsens spectem Cinyram ; tangamque lo- retinet amantam ; ut præsens
Osculaque admoveam, si nil conceditur ultrà. spectem Cinyram ; tangamque,
Ultrà autem sperare aliquid potes, impia virgo ? loquarque, admoveamque os
Nec quot confundas et jura et nomina sentis ? cula, si nil conceditur ultrâ ?
áutem sperare aliquid ultrâ po
Tune eris et matrix pellex, et adultera patris ? tes, impia virgo ? nec sentis
Tune soror gnati ? genitrixque vocabere fratris ? quot jura et nomina confun
Nec metues atro crinitas angue sorores, 52 das? tune eris et pellex matris
et adultera patris ? tune soror
Quas facibus sævis oculos atque ora petentes gnati ? que vocabere genitrix
Noxia corda vident ? At tu, dum corpore non es fratris ? nec metues sorores
Passa, nefas animo ne concipe : neve potentis crinitas atro angue, quas noxia
vident petentes oculos
Concubitu vetito naturæ pollue foedus." 56 corda
atque ora sævis facibus ? at tu
Velle puta res ipsa vetat. Pius ille, memorque dum non es passa corpore, ne
F Juris. Et O vellem similis furor esset in illo ! concipe nefas animo, neve pol
Dixerat. At Cinyras, quem copia digna pro lue fœdus potentis naturæ ve
tito concubitu . Puta velle, res
corum , ipsa vetat. Ille pius memor
Quid faciat, dubitare facit, scitatur ab ipsâ, 60 que juris. Et O vellem simi
Nominibus dictis, cujus velit esse mariti. 2 lis furor esset in illo ! dixerat.
Illa silet primo : patriisque in vultibus hærens At Cinyras, quem digna copia
procorum facit dubitare quid
Estuat : et tepido suffundit lumina rore. faciat, scitatur ab ipsa, nomi
Virginei Cinyras hæc credens esse timoris, nibus dictis, cujus mariti velit
Flere vetat : siccatque genas ; atque oscula jungit. stuat esse. Illa primò silet : que æ
hærens in patriis vulti
bus ; et suffundit lumina tepido rore. Cinyras credens hæc esse virginei timoris vetat flere
que siccat genas, atque jungit oscula.
19
ut pietas gemino concrescat amore, bparentis.

NOTES

39. Interdictæ. ] Forbidden by the laws. 52. Atro. With black, dismal.
40. Ille.] Cinyra, myfather. Sorores. ] The Furies mentioned before.
41. Cinyræ.] With Cinyras. 57. Velle.] sc. Te.
42. Quia meus est, &c.] Because he is my Res ipsa.] The baseness of the action.
father, he cannot be my husband. 58. Juris.] Ofthe law, which forbids chil
45. Error.] A dishonest love ; the poets dren to have to do with their parents.
frequently use Error for Amor. The poets 61. Nominibus dictis.] Having mentioned
call it likewise furor and insania ; and Aman the names ofher lovers.
1 tes, i. e. they are in love ; Amentes, mad per 63. Rore tepido. ] With warm tears.
sons, and male sani. 64, Credens. sc, Signa
47, Nil ultrà. ] No greater familiarities.
$76 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. X.

Myrrha gaydet imiùm datis, Myrrha datis nimiùm gaudet ; consultaque qua
consultaque qualem virum op lem 66
tet habere : dixit, similem tibi.
At ille collaudat vocem non Optet habere virum? similem tibi, dixit. At ille
intellectam : et ait. Esto tam Non intellectam vocem collaudat : et, esto
pia semper. Nomine pietatis Tam pia semper, ait. Pietatis nomine dicto
dicto, virgodemisit vultus , con
șcia sceleris sibi. Erat medium Demisit vultus, sceleris sibi conscia, virgo. 70
noctis,que somnus solverat cu- Noctis erat medium ; curasque et a pectora som
ras et pectora. At Cinyreia Solverat. At virgo Cinyreia pervigil igni [ nus
virgo pervigil capitur indomi- Carpitur indomito ; furiosaque vota retractat.
to igni ; que retractat furiosa Et modò desperat ; modò vult tentare : pudetque
vota. Et modò desperat , mo
dò vult tentare : pudetque et Et cupit ; et quod agat non invenit. Utque
cupit; et non invenit quod a securi 75
gat . Utqueingens trabs saucia Saucia trabs ingens, ubi plaga novissima restat,
securi, ubi novissima plaga res
tat, est in dubio quò cadat, que Quò cadat in dubio est, omnique à parte time
timetur ab omni parte : Sic Sic animus, vario labefactus vulnere, nutat [tur :
animus, labefactus vario vul Huc levis atque illuc ; momentaque sumit u
nere, nutat levis huc atque il
luc, que sumit momenta utro troque. [moris.
que, nec modus aut requies Nec modus, aut requies, nisi mors, reperitur a
amoris reperitur nisi mors. Mors placet. Erigitur : laqueoque innectere
Mors placet. Erigitur : que 81
destinat innectere fauces la fauces
queo: et zonârevincta de sum- Destinat : et, zonâ summo de poste revinctâ,
mo poste, dixit, care Cinyra Care vale Cinyra, causamque intellige mortis,
vale, que intelligecausam mor- Dixit: et aptabat pallenti vincula collo.
tis et aptabat vincula pallenti
collo. Ferunt murmura verbo- Murmura verborum fidas nutricis ad aures 85
rum pervenisse ad fidas aures Pervenisse ferunt, limen servantis alumnæ.
putricis servantis limen alum- Surgit anus, reseratque fores : mortisque paratæ
лае . Anus surgit, reseratque Instrumenta videns spatio conclamat
, eodem,
fores: que videns instrumenta
mortis parata, conclamat eo- Seque ferit scinditque sinus, ereptaque collo
dem spatio, que ferit se, scin- Vincula dilaniat, tum denique flere vacavit ; 90
ditque sinus, que dilaniat vin- Tum dare complexus, laqueique requirere cau
cula erepta collo, tum denique
vacavit flere ; tum dare com sam .
plexus, que requirere causam Muta silet virgo, terramque immota tuetur :
Jaquei. Virgo silet muta, que Et deprensa dolet tardæ conamina mortis.
immotatuetur terram : et dolet
conamina tardæ mortis deprehensa.
a corpora. b minatur.

NOTES.

66. Datis.] se Osculis. 78. Vario vulnere.] With different passions

Consultaque. ] And being asked. 80. Modùs.] End, boundary.
70. Demisit vultus. ] She cast her eyes down S2. Destinat.] She resolves.
to the ground. 86. Servantis.] Watching.
72. Igni carpitur indomito.] She is tor 87. Reseratque. ] And opens.
mented with unconquerable love. 89 Sinus.] sc. Vestrum. As is usual in
73. Furiosaque vota. Her raging wishes. immoderate grief.
75. Utque securi, &c.] By this simile the 90. Tum &c. ] After she had broken the
Foet shews the dreadful perplexity of Myrr girdle, she then had time to weep.
ha's mind. 92. Muta.] As though she were dumb.
76. Saucia.] Almost severed. Tuetur.] She looks down upon. 1
Trabs. ] A great tree. 93. Deprensa dolet.] Myrrha is sorrythat
Taga novissima.] The last stroke. her attempt to make away with herself had
$7 . Que cadat.] Which way it should fall, been discovered by the nurse,
 FAB. X. METAMORPHOSEON. 377

Instat anus ; canosque suos et inania nudans Anus instat ; que nudans suos
canos. et inania ubera, precatur
Ubera, per cunas alimentaque prima precatur, per cunas que primaalimenta,
Ut sibi committat quicquid dolet. Illa rogantem ut committat sibi quicquid do
Aversata, gemit. Certa est exquirere nutrix : let. Illa aversata rogantem ge
Nec solam spondere fidem. Dic, inquit : opem- mit Nutrix est certa exquire
re: nec spondere fidem solam.
que [tus. Inquit, dic ; que sine me ferre
Me sine ferre tibi. Non est mea pigra senec- opem tibi . Mea senectus non
Seu furor est ; habeo quæ carmine sanet et her- est pigra . Seu est furor : habeo
Sive aliquis nocuit; magico lustrabere ritu. [ bis. quæ sanet carmine et herbis.
Sive aliquis nocuit ; lustrabere
Sive est ira, Deûm sacris placabilis ira. 102 magicoritu. Sive estira, Deûm
Quid rear ulterius ? Certè fortuna domusque ira placabilis sacris. Quid rear
Sospes et in cursu est : vivunt genitrixque, pa ulterius? Cèrtè fortuna domus
que est sospes et in cursu
terque.
genitrixque, paterque vivunt.
Myrrha, patre audito, suspiria duxit ab imo Myrrha, patre audito, duxit
Pectore. Nec nutrix etiamnum concipit ullum suspiria ab imo pectore . Nec
Mente nefas : aliquemque tamen præsentit a- nutrix etiamnum concipit ul
lum nefas mente : que tamen
morem. 107
præsentit aliquem amorem.
Propositique tenax, quodcunque sit orat ut ipsi Que tenax propositi, orat ut
Indicet : et gremio lacrymantem tollit anili : indicet ipsi quodcunque sit : et
Atque ita complectens infirmis membra lacertis, tollit lacrymantem anili gre
mio: atque complectens mem
Sensimus, inquit, Amas : Et in hôc mea (pone bra infirmis lacertis, inquit ita ;
timorem ) 111 Sensimus, amas : (pone timo
Sedulitas erit apta tibi : nec sentiet unquam rem) mea sedulitas erit apta
Hoc pater. Exsiluit gremio furibunda, torum- tibi et in hoc ; nec pater un
quam sentiet hoc. Furibunda
que [dori exsiluit gremio , que premens
Ore premens, Discede, precor, miseroque pu- torum ore, ait, precor discede ;
Parce, ait. Instanti, discede, aut desine, dixit, que parce misero pudori. In
stanti dixit, aut discede, aut
Quærere, quid doleam. Scelus est quod scire desine quærere quid doleam.
laboras. [tuque Quod laboras scire est scelus.
Horret anus ; tremulasque manus annisque me- Anus horret ; quetendit manus
Tendit : et ante pedes supplex procumbit a- tremulus annisque metuque : et
supplex procumbit ante pedes
lumnæ. 118 alumnæ. Et modò blanditur ;
Et modò blanditur ; modò si non conscia fiat, modò terret. si non fiat con
Terret : et indicium laquei, cœptæque minatur scia : que minatur indicium la
-Mortis : et officium a commisso spondet amori, quei et cœptæ mortis : et spon
det officium amori commisso.
a confesso.

NOTES.

96. Ut committat. ] That she would reveal. your family is secure and prosperous.
97. Aversata. ] She being averse, turned 110. Nata.] Nurses used to call those vir
her head aside. gins they brought up daughters, and were
98. Nec solam, &c.] She does not only called by them mothers.
promise secrecy, but assistance also. 113. Furibunda.] All furious.
99. Sine.] Permit. 115. Instanti.] Urging (pressing) her, sc.
100. Furor.] Madness caused by love. nutrici.
101. Nocuit. ] Has done you injury with 120 Minatur, &c.] She threatened to tell
magical verses and enchantments. her father that Myrrha had attempted to hang
Lustrabere.] Thou shalt be purged or herself.
cleared. 121. Spondet.] She promises to help her.
104. Sospes et in cursu.] The fortune of
Ccc
378 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. X.

Illa extulit caput, que implevit Extulit illa caput, lacrymisque implevit obortis
pectora nutricis lacrymis obor- Pectora nutricis : conataque sæpè fateri,
tis : que sæpè conata fateri,
sæpè tenet vocem : que texit Sæpè tenet vocem : pudibundaque vestibus ora
pudibunda ora vestibus : et Texit : et, O, dixit, felicem conjuge matrem !
matrem felicem
dixit,! ôhactenus
juge con- Hactenus : et gemuit. Gelidos nutricis in artus,
et gemuit.
Tremor penetrat in gelidos ar- Ossaque ( sensit enim) penetrat tremor : albaque
tus, ossaque nutricis ; albaque Vertice canities rigidis stetit hirta capillis . [toto
canities stetit hirta toto vertice Multaque ut excuteret diros, si posset, amores,
rigidis capillis (enim sensit,) Addidit. b At virgo scit se non falsa moneri, 130
Addidit et multa, ut excuteret
diros amores, si posset. At vir- Certa mori tamen est, si non potiatur amato.
go scit se non monerifalsa, ta- Vive, ait hæc, potiêre tuo ; non ausa parenté
men est certa mori ; si non po- Dicere, conticuit s: promisabant
saque numine firmat.
tiatur amato. Hæc ait,vive, Festa piæ Cereri celebr annua matres
potiêre tuo ; non ausa dicere
parente, conticuit : que firmat Illa, quibus niveâ velatæ corpora veste 135
promissa numine. Pia matres Primitias frugum dant, spicea serta, suarum :
celebrabant illa annua festa Ce- Perque novem noctes Venerem tactusque viriles
reris, quibus velatæ corpus ni In vetitis numerant. Turbâ Cenchreis in illâ
vei veste dant spicea serta,
primitias suarum frugum : que Regis abest conjux : arcanaque sacra frequentat .
numerant Venerem que viriles Ergo legitimâ vacuus dum conjuge lectus, 140
tactus esse in vetitis per novem Nacta gravem vino Cinyram male sedula nutrix,
noctes. Cenchreis conjux regis Nomine mentito, veros exponit amores :
abest in illâ turbâ : que fre
quentat arcana sacra. Ergo Et faciem laudat. Quæsitis virginis annis,
dum lectus vacuus legitimâ Par, ait, est Myrrhæ. Quam postquam addu
conjuge, male sedula nutrix
cere jussa est,
nacta Cinyram gravem vinò,
exponit veros amores, mentito Utque domum rediit, Gaude mea, dixit, alumna :
nomine : etlaudatfaciem. An- Vicimus . Infelix non toto corpore sensit 146
nisvirginis quæsitis, ait, est par Lætitiam virgo ; præsagaque pectora morent.
Myrrhæ. ut que mrediit
Quam postqua
sa est adducere, jus- Sed tamen et gaudet. Tanta est discordia mentis !
domum, dixit, mea alumna Tempus erat quo cuncta silent ; interque Triones
Gaude : vicimus. Infelix virgo Flexerit obliquo plaustrum temone Bootes. 150
non sensit lætitiam toto cor
pore; præsagaque pectora morent. Sed tamen et gaudet ; Tanta est discordia mentis !
Erat tempus quo cuncta silent, que Bootes flexerat plaustrum inter Triones obliquo temone.
b Et.

NOTES.

126. Hactenus.] se. Locuta est. were forbidden by the laws.

Gemuit.] She fetched a deep sigh.
127. Sensit.] She understood the unlawful
fove of Myrrha.
128. Stetit.] Stood upright, or an end.
129. Excuteret.] That she would shake off
this horrid passion.
130. Addidit.] She said.- -Scit, &c.] She
knew what the nurse said to be true.
133. Numine.] By an oath.
135. Velatæ corpora.] Having their bodies
veiled.
Niveâ veste.] With a white garment, such
as matrons used in the sacrifice of Ceres, to
signify the purity of their minds.
138. In vetitis. Among those things that
139. Arcanaque.] So they were called.
141. Malè sedula. ] Wickedly officious.
145. Quæsitis ] By Cinyra.
144. Par.] Equal, just of the age of.
147. Præsagaque.] sc. Malorum.
148. Tanta, &c.] As Myrrha was both
glad and sorry at the same time.
149. Tempus. ] He describes midnight,
which, quod cuncta sileant, is called conticinum.
-Triones.] Seven stars near the North Pole,
which from their number were called Sépten-.
triones. Boves were anciently called Teri
ones, and thence Triones, because in plough
ing they cut the ground with a plough-share.
150. Bootes.] A constellation.
FAB . X. METAMORPHOSEON. 379

Ad facinus venit illa suum. Fugit aurea coelo Illa venit ad suum facinus.
Aurea Luna fugit cœlo : ni
Luna: tegunt nigræ latitantia sidera nubes ; græ nubes tegunt latitantia si
Nox caret igne suo. Primos tegis, Icare, vultus ; dera ; nox caret suo igne.
Erigoneque pio sacrata parentis amore. 154 Icare, tegis primos vultus : E
Ter pedis offensi signo est revocata : ter omen rigoneque sacrata pio amore
parentis. Est revocata ter
Funereus bubo letali carmine fecit. [dorem. signo offensi pedis : funereus
It tamen : et tenebræ minuunt noxque atra pu- bubo ter fecit omen letali car
Nutricisque manum lævâ tenet ; altera motu mine. Tamen it : et tenebræ
Cæcum iter explorat. Thalami jam limina que rem .atraQue
noxtenet
minuunt
manum pudo
nu
tangit ; 159 tricis lævâ ; altera explorat cæ
Jamque fores aperit ; jam ducitur intus : at illi cum iter motu. Jam tangit
Poplite succiduo genua intremuêre ; fugitque limina: thalami ; quejam aperit
fores jam ducitur intus : at
Et color, et sanguis, animusque relinquit euntem . genua intremuêre illi succiduo
Quoque suo propior sceleri magis horret, et ausi poplite, que et color fugit et
Poenitet ; et vellet non cognita posse reverti. sanguis, que animus relinquit
euntem. Quoque propior sue
Cunctantem longæva manu deducit ; et alto sceleri magis horret, et pænitet
Admotam lecto cùm traderet, Accipe, dixit ; 166
ausi ; et vellet posse reverti,
Ista tua est, Cinyra. Devotaque corpora junxit. non cognita. Longæva dedu
Accipit obscoeno genitor sua viscera lecto ; cit cunctantem manu ; et cum
Virgineosque metus levat ; hortaturque timen- traderet admotam alto lecto,
dixit, Cinyra accipe ; ista est
tem . 169
tua. Que junxit devota corpo
Forsitan ætatis quoque nomine, Filia, dicat ; ra. Genitor accipit sua viscera
Dicat et illa, Pater : sceleri ne nomina desint. in obscano lecto ; que levat
virgineos metus : hortaturque
Plena patris thalamis excedit : et impia diro timentem, Forsitan quoque
Semina fert utero ; conceptaque crimina portat. dicat filia, nomine ætatis : et
Postera nox facinus geminat ; nec finis in illâ illa dicat, Pater, ne nomina de
est. [mantem sint sceleri. Plena, thalamis
patris excedit : et fert impia
Cùm tandem Cinyras, avidus cognoscere a semina diro utero : que portat
Post tot concubitus, illato lumine vidit 176 concepta crimina. Postera nox
Et scelus et natam. Verbisque dolore retentis, geminat facinus ; Nec est finis
in illâ. Cùm tandem Cinyras,
-Pendenti nitidum vaginâ deripit ensem . avidus cognoscere amantem
Myrrha fugit, tenebris et cæcæ munere noctis post tot concubitus, vidit et
scelus et natam, lumine illato.
Verbis retentis dolore, deripit nitidum ensem pendenti yaginâ. Myrrha fugit, intercepta neci
tenebris et munere cæcæ noctis :

NOTES.

151. Aurea.] Fair and bright.
152. Latitantia.] That they might not be
hold so great an impiety.
153. Igne suo.] Its proper light, that of
the stars, &c. - Tegis.] That thou mightest
not behold so great an impiety.
155. Ter, &c.] As she was led to her fa
ther's bed, she stumbled thrice, which seemed
"to be a warning against her intended crime.
156. Funereus.] Funereal, fatal ; it being
a bird ofill omen.
159. Cæcum.] Obscure. He expresses the
manner ofthose that walk in the dark.
160, Intus. ] Within the chamber.
161 Succiduo.] Weak and tottering with
fear.
165. Longæva. ] The old nurse.
167. Devota. ] Abominable, execrable.
168. Viscera.] His daughter.
170. Ætatis nomine.] Upon account of her
age, for Cinyras was an old man .
171. Nomina.] sc. Pia et omni veneratione
digna.
172. Plena.] sc. Semine ; i. e. she was with
childby her father.
175. Avidus cognoscere.] Being eager to
know.
178. Deripit. ] He draws out hastily.
380 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. X.

aque vagato per latos agros, Intercepta neci : latosque vagata per agros, 180
relinquit palmiferos Arabas, Palmiferos Arabas, Panchaque rura relinquit.
Panchæaque rura. Que erra
vit per novem cornua redeun- Perque novem erravit redeuntis cornua Lunæ,
tis Luna, cùm tandem fessa Cùmtandem terrâ requievit fessa Sabæâ.
requievit Sabæâ terrâ. Vix- Vixque uteri portabat onus. Tum nescia voti,
que portabat onus uteri. Tum
nescia voti, atque inter metus Atque inter mortisque metus, et tædia vitæ,
mortisque et tædia vita, com- Est tales complexa preces : O si qua patetis
plexa est tales preces : O si Numina confessis ; merui, nec triste recuso 187
qua numina patetis confessis ; Supplicium. Sed, ne violem vivosque superstes,
merui, nec recuso triste sup
plicium. Sed, ne superstes Mortuaque extinctos, ambobus pellite regnis :
violem viyos, mortuaque ex- Mutatæque mihi vitamque necemque negate.
tinctos, pellite ambobus reg- Numen confessis aliquod patet. Última certè
nis : que negate vitamque ne
cemque mihi mutatæ. Aliquod Vota suos habuêre Deos : nam crura loquentis
numen patet confessis. Certè Terra supervenit; ruptosque obliqua perungues
ultimavotahabuêre suos Deos: Porrigitur radix, longi firmamina trunci : [dullâ
nam terra supervenit crura lo- Ossaque robur agunt : mediâque manente me
quentis ; que obliqua radix,
firmamina longi trunci, porri Sanguis it in succos : in magnos brachia ramos ;
gitur per ruptos ungues : ossa- In parvos digiti : duratur cortice pellis. [ arbor ;
que agunt robur, mediâque Jamque gravem crescens uterum perstrinxerat
medulla manente sanguis it in Pectoraque obruerat ; collumque operire para
succos ; brachia in magnos ra
mos ; digiti in parvos : pellis bat ; 199
duratur cortice. Que arbor Non tulit illa moram venientique obvia ligno
crescens perstrinxerat uterum Subsedit : mersitque suos in cortice vultus.
jamgravem: que obruerat pec
tora : que parabat operire col- Quæ, quanquam amisit veteres cum corpore
lum : illa non tulit moram : sensus, 202
subsedit obvia venienti ligno : Flet tamen : et tepidæ manant ex arbore guttæ.
mersit suos vultus in cor- Est honor et lacrymis : stillataque cortice Myrrha
tice. Quæ, quanquam amisit
veteres sensus cum corpore, ta- Nomen herile tenet, nulloque tacebitur ævo.
men flet : et tepidæ gutta ma- At malè conceptus sub robore creverat infans ;
nant ex arbore. Est honor et
lacrymis que Myrrha stillata cortice tenet herjle nomen, que tacebitur nullo avo. At in
fans malè conceptus creverat sub robore : c exorsa.

NOTES.

180. Intercepta.] Snatched away.
181. Panchæa.] Arabian.
182. Per novem, &c. ] Nine months.
185, Sabæâ.] The Sabæans were a people
of Arabia Felix, among whom frankincense
and myrrh grew in great abundance.
184. Nescia voti .] Not knowing what to
wish for.
186. Tales complexa preces.] She made
such prayers. Patetis, &c.] If you give ear
to those that confess their crimes.
189. Ambobus- regnis. ] Both of the dead
and living.
190. Mutatæ.] Transformed. For she wish
ed she may be so changed as neither to live
nor die.
191. Ultima vota.] The last prayers.
192. Suos, &c.] Favourable, propitious.
194. Porrigitur.] Is stretched forth.
195. Ossaque robur agunt. ] Her bones are
changed into wood more gross than their size.
197. Digiti.] sc. Eunt.
Duratur cortice pellis.] Her skinis changed
into a hard bark.
198. Gravem. ] Big with child; for she
was not yet delivered .
199. Obruerat. ] Had covered.
200. Non tulit, &c.] She had not patience
to stay till the bark could cover her neck and
head. Venienti, &c.] But she met the grow
ing bark half way by inclining her head, and
so hid her face.
201. Subsedit.] She sunk down.
202. Corpore ] With the flesh.
204. Est honor.] Is valuable, much esteem
ed.- -Stillataque.] Distilled from the tree.
206. Malè.] Incestuously.Infans.] A,
donis.
FAB. XI. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 381

Quærebatque viam, quâ se, genitrice relictâ, 207 quærebatque viam, quâ exsere
Exsereret. Mediâ gravidus tumet arbore venter. ret se, genitrice relictâ. Gra
Tendit onus matrem : nec habent sua verba do- vidus venter tumet mediâ ar
bore. Onus tendit matrem :
Nec Lucina potest parientis voce vocari. [lores : nec dolores habent sua verba :
Nitenti tamen est similis ; curvataque crebros nec Lucina potest vocari voce
Dat gemitus arbor ; lacrymisque cadentibus hu- parientis. Tamen est similis
Constitit ad ramos mitis Lucina dolentes ; [ met. nitenti, que arbor
crebros gemitus, quecurvata
humet dat
ca
Admovitque manus : et verba puerpera dixit. dentibus lacrymis. Mitis Lu
Arbor agit rimas ; et fissâ cortice vivum cina constitit ad dolentes ra
Reddit onus ; vagitque puer : quem mollibus mos ; admovitque manus : et
dixit puerpera verba. Arbor a
herbis 216 git rimas ; et redditvivumonus
Naiades impositum, lacrymis unxêre parentis ; cortice fissa ; que puer vagit :
Laudaret faciem Livor quoque. Qualia namque bis, quemimpositum
Naïades unxêremollibus her
lacrymis
Corpora nudorum tabulâ pinguntur Amorum parentis : quoque Liver lauda
Talis erat. Sed, ne faciat discrimina cultus, ret faciem. Namque qualia
Aut huic adde leves, aut illis deme, pharetras. corpora nudorum Amoruns
pinguntur tabulâ, talis erat.
Sed ne cultus faciat discrimina, adde leves pharetrás huic, aut deme illis.

NOTES.

208. Exsereret.] He might get out.
209. Tendit.] Extends and stretches out.
214. Verba puerpera.] Words that would¨·
help a person in child-birth, which would
ease a woman in travail.
215. Agit rimas.] Is cleft and opened.
Vivum onus.] A live child.
217. Lacrymis.] Myrrh dropped from the
bark.
218. Livor, &c. ] Envy ; he had a face,
which even Envy itself could not but com
mend.
219. Amorum.] Of Cupids, who are painted
naked with quivers.

FAB. XI. ADONIDEM DILIGIT VENUS.

Adonis is brought up by the Naïads. His Beauty is almost as fatal to Venus,

as Cinyras's imagined Charms were to Myrrha ; and the Goddess's Passion
makes her traverse the same Wilds in pursuit of the Youth's Love, as his
Mother had done in flying her Father's Fury.

Volatilis ætas labitur occultè,

LABITUR occultè, fallitque, volatilis ætas : fallitque : et nihil est velocius
Et nihil est annis velocius. Ille sorore
annis. Ille natus suo sorore
Natus avoque suo, qui conditus arbore nupèr, avoque, que nupèr conditus ar
Nuper erat genitus ; modò formosissimus infans ; bore, erat nupèr genitus : modò
Jam juvenis, jam vir, jam se formosior ipso est : formosissimus infans : jam est
juvėnis,jam vir, jam formosior
Jam placet et Veneri, matrisque ulciscitur ignes. se ipso : et jam placet Veneri,
Namque pharetratus dum datpuer oscula matri, que ulciscitur ignes matris.
Inscius extanti distrinxit arundine pectus. 8 Namque dum pharetratus puer
dat oscula matri, inscius dis
trinxit pectus extanti arundine.
NOTES.

2. Sorore. ] Myrrha, 7. Pharetratus puer. ] Cupid adorned with

3. Avoque. ] Cinyras .
6. Ignes. ] The criminal passion of his mo
ther Myrrha. For Venus had, in anger,
caused her to fall in love with her father
Cinyras,
his quiver.
8. Inscius.] Unknowingly, against his will.
Distrinxit ] Gave her a slight wound.
Extanti.] The arrow hanging out of the
quiver.
382 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. X,

Dea læsa reppulit natum ma- Læsa manu natum Dea reppulit, altiùs actum
nu : vulnus erat actum altiùs Vulnus erat specie : primoque fefellerat ipsam.
specie : primoque fefellerat ip
sam. Jam capta formâ viri non Capta viri formâ, non jam Cythereïa curat
curat Cythereia littora : non Littora : non alto repetit Paphon æquore cinc
repetit Paphon cinctam alto tam , [metallis.
æquore, piscosamque Cnidon,
veAmathuntagravidam metal. Piscosamque Cnidon, gravidamve Amathunta
lis. Et abstinet cœlo : Adonis Abstinet et colo ; Cœlo præfertur Adonis.
præfertur cælo. Tenet hunc : Hunc tenet : huic comes est : assuetaque semper
est comes huic, assuetaque in umbrâ 15
semper indulgere sibi in um
brà, que augere formam colen- Indulgere sibî, formamque augere colendo.
do. Vagatur nuda genu, que Per juga, per sylvas, dumosaque saxa vagatur
succincta vestem ritu Diana Nuda genu, vestem ritu succincta Dianæ ;
per juga, per sylvas, dumosa Hortaturque canes ; tutæque animalia prædæ,
que saxa ; canes,
que agitat animalia tutæ præ- Aut a pronos lepores, aut celsum in cornua cer
dæ, aut pronos lepores, aut vum, 20
aut Aut agitat damas : à fortibus abstinet apris,
ia cornua,apris.
cervum celsum àfortibus
damas:abstinet
Que vitat lupos raptores, et Raptoresque lupos, armatosque unguibus ursos
ursos armatos unguibus, et Vitat, et armenti saturatos cæde leones. [nendo
leones saturatos cæde armenti. Te quoque ut hos timeas, ( si quid prodesse mo
Quoque, Adoni, monet te, ut
timeas hos (si possit prodesse Possit, ) Adoni, monet. Fortisque fugacibus esto,
quid monendo.) Inquit, esto Inquit : in audaces non est audacia tuta. 26
fortis fugacibus : audacia non
est tuta in audaces. a pavidos.

NOTES.

9 Altiùs specie.] Deeper than it seemed dedicated to Venus.

to be.
11. Cythereïa.] Cythera is an island in the
Egean Sea, sacred to Venus, whence Venus
is called Cythærea.
12. Paphon.] See note on Fab. IX. ver. 48.
and 55.
13. Cnidon.] This is a peninsula of Caria,
Gravidamque ] Abounding.
Amathunta.] See note on Fab. VII. ver. 1.
18. Succincta, &c.] Having her garments
tucked up to her knees.
20. Pronos.] Prone to flight.
Celsus in cornua ] Having lofty horns.
25. Fugacibus.] Against, timorous beasts,

EXP. FAB. X. & XI. The incestuous love of Myrrha, which Ovid has
given us so particularly, is thus explained, Her father Cinyras, having
drunk too freely, fell asleep in a very indecent posture ; ofthis she acquainted
her husband Ammon his son, and he made it known to the old man, who
was so much offended as to curse his daughter- in-law and her son Adonis.
Myrrha thus loaded with the execrations of a parent, which perhaps she
drew on herself from an indecent curiosity, retired to Arabia, where she
brought up her son, which gave Ovid an opportunity to say she was de
livered of him there. The story of her metamorphosis arose from the like
ness of her name in Arabic to that of the myrrh tree. This Fable, as well
as others of Ovid, may have taken their rise from some of the transactions
recorded in the holy Scriptures ; and so nearly does the present correspond
with what is there written respecting the Patriarch Lot and his daughters,
that one cannot but suppose it the same, though under a different guise.
 FAB. XII. METAMORPHOSEΩN. 383

FAB. XII. VENUS & ADONIS.

After the Chase, Venus invites Adonis to a Poplar Shade, where she ae
quaints him of his Danger in hunting Lions, Wild Boars, and such like
terrible Creatures. She, on this Occasion, relates the Revenge she had
taken of Hippomenes and Atalanta, who were transformed into Lions.

PARCE meo, juvenis, temerarius esse periclo : Juvenis parce esse temera
Neve feras, quibus arma dedit Natura, la rius meo periclo ; ne lacesse
feras,quibusNaturadedit arma:
cesse ; ne tua gloria stet magno tibi.
Stet tibi ne magno tua gloria. Non movet ætas, Non ætas, nec facies, nec quæ
Nec facies, nec quæ Venerem movêre, leones, movêre Venerem, movet leo
Setigerosque sues, oculosque animosque ferarum, nes, setigerosque sues, oculos
que, animosqueferarum. Acres
Fulmen habent acres in aduncis dentibus apri : apri habent fulmen in aduncis
Impetus est fulvis et vasta leonibus ira : dentibus : est impetus et vasta
Invisumque mihi genus est. Quæ causa roganti ira fulvis leonibus : que genus,
est invisum mihi. Ait, dicam
Dicam, ait ; et veteris monstrum mirabere culpæ,
I roganti quæ causa: et mirabere
Sed labor insolitus jam me lassavit ; et ecce monstrum: veteris culpæ, sed
[ Opportuna suâ blanditur populus umbrâ : insolitus labor jam lassavit
Datque torum cespes. Libet hâc requiescere mè; ettur
blandi populus
eccesuâ umbrâ:opportuna
que ces
tecum , [ipsum : pes dat torum. Libet requies
Et requievit, humo ; pressitque et gramen et cere tecum hâc humo,et requi
Inque sinu juvenis positâ cervice renidens evit : pressitque et gramen et
Sic ait : ac mediis interserit oscula verbis. 15 ipsum, que renidens, cervice
positâ in sinu juvenis ait sic :
as interserit in mediis verbis.

NOTES.

1. Parce.] Do not be. 6. Fulmen.] The tusks of wild boars are

4. Nec facies, &c. ] Youth, beauty, shape, here compared to thunderbolts, which no
and those endowments that charm me, will thing can withstand.
not move wild beasts to pity. 13. Ipsum.] Adonis ; For she made him
5. Sues.] Wild boars. sit down.
1 Animosque oculosque.] Can neither charm 14. Renidens.] Some read reclivis.
their eyes, nor change their purpose.

FAB. XIII . HIPPOMENES ET ATALANTA IN LEONES,

Atalanta, Daughter of Schoneus, was so Beautiful, that her Charms daily

drew crowds of Suitors. Having consulted the Oracle whether she should
Marry, she was answered that an husband would certainly be fatal to
her. This made her offer to run with her Lovers, promising that she
herselfwould be the Victor's Prize, but on condition that immediate Death
should be the Fate of the Vanquished. As she excelled in Running, her
Design succeeded, and several young Heroes perished in the attempt.
R Hippomenes fired with her Beauty, was not in the least daunted at their
Miscarriage, but boldly enters the List, after imploring the aid of Venus .
Atalanta is struck with his Beauty, and extremely embarrassed whether
she should yield to the Charms of the Youth, or the dissuasions of the
Oracle. Hippomenes, to detain her in the Race, throws in her way
some Golden Apples which Venus had given him ; so reaches the Goal
384 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. X.

before her, and carries off his beauteous Prize. Venus, to revenge his
ingratitude to her, raises his desire so violently, that he pollutes one of
Cybele's Groves with the embraces ofhis newly won Mistress ; and they
are both changed into the Lions which draw that Goddess's Car.

Forsitan audieris aliquam FORSITAN audieris aliquam certamine cursûs

superâsse veloces viros ccrta Non fabula rumor
mine cursus. Ille rumor non Veloces superâsse viros.
fuit fabula enim superabat. Ille fuit : superabat enim. Nec dicere posses
Nec possis dicere esset præstan- Laude pedum, formæne bono, præstantior esset.
tior lande pedum, ne bono for- Scitanti Deus huic de conjuge, Conjuge, dixit,
mæ. Deus dixit huic scitanti Nil opus est, Atalanta, tibi : Fuge conjugis
de conjuge, Atalanta,nihil opus usum . 6
est conjuge tibi. Fuge usum
conjugis. Tamen nec effugies: Nec tamen effugies : teque ipsâ viva carebis.
que carebis te ipsâ viva . Ter- Territa sorte Dei per opacas innuba sylvas
rita sorte Dei vivit innuba per Vivit: et instantem turbam violentâ procorum
pacas sylvas: et fugat instan
tem turbam procorum violent Conditione fugat : Nec sum potiunda, nisi, in
conditione : inquit, Nec sum 10
quit,
potiunda, nisi prius victa cur- Victa prius cursu. Pedibus contendite mecum.
su.Contendite mecumpedibus.
Conjux thalamique dabuntur Præmia veloci conjux thalamique dabuntur ;
præmia veloci : mors pretium Mors pretium tardis. Ea lex certaminis esto. [ est)
tardis. Ea esto lex certaminis. Illa quidem immitis : sed (tanta potentia formæ
Illa quidem immitis; sed(tanta Venit ad hanc legem temeraria turba procorum.
est potentia forma) temeraria
turba procorum venit ad hanc Sederat Hippomenes cursus spectator iniqui:16
legem. Hippomenes sederat Et, petitur cuiquam per tanta pericula conjux ?
spectator iniqui cursus; et dix- Dixerat : ac nimios juvenum damnârat amores.
erat; et conjux petitur cuiquam Ut faciem, et posito corpus velamine vidit,
per tanta pericula? ac damnâ
rat nimios amores juvenum. Quale meum, vel quale tuum, si fœmina fias ;
Ut vidit faciem, et corpus ve- Obstupuit : tollensque manus, Ignoscite, dixit,
lamine posito, quale meum, Quos modò culpavi : nondum mihi præmia nota,
quale tuum, si fias fœmina; ob- Quæ peteretis, erant. Laudando concipit ignem :
stupuit; tollensque manus,dix
;
it, Ignoscite, quos culpavi mo Et, ne quis juvenum currat velociùs, optat
do; pr :inia quæ peteretis non- Invidiâque timet. Sed cur certaminis hujus 25
dum nota erantmihi. Laudan- Intentata mihi fortuna relinquitur, inquit ?
de concipit ignem ; et optat ne Audentes Deus ipse juvat. Dum talia secum
quis juvenum currat velocius,
que timet invidiâ. Sed cur. fortuna hujus certaminis relinquitur intentata mihi, inquit
Deus ipsejuvat audentes, Dum ,

NOTES.

1. Aliquam.] A certain woman. 12. Præmia, &c.] I will willingly marry

2. Rumor, &c.] That report was not false.
5. Deus.] Apollo.
7. Teque ips viva carebîs.] Your shape
shall be altered while alive; for she was turn
ed into a lioness.
8. Sorte. Bythe oracle, by the answer of
Apollo.-Innuba.] An unmarried virgin.
9. Procorum.] Of suitors courting her for
a wife.- Violenta conditione. ] She deterred
them from soliciting her to marry, by the
hard conditions which she proposed to them.
10. Potiunda,] To be enjoyed.
11. Pedibus contendite mecum .] Run a
race with me.
him that shall out-run me.
14. Immitis.) Was cruel.
19. Posito velamine.]. Her garments being
laid aside.
22. Culpavi.] I blamed, condemned.
25. Concipit ignem,] He fell in love with.
24. Ne quis, &c.] Hippomenes being in
love with Atalanta is fearful lest another
should win the prize.
25. Invidiâ.] And envies others on the
same account.
27. Audentes.] Audaces fortuna juvat.
Virg.
 FAB. XII. METAMORPHOSEON . 385

Exigit Hippomenes : passu volat alite virgo. Hippomenes exigit talia se

Quæ quanquam Scythicâ non seciùs ire sagittà cum virgo volat alite passu.
Quæ quanquam visaest Aonio
Aonio visa est juveni ; tamen ille decorem 30 juveni ire non seciùs Scythica
Miratur magis : et cursus facit ipse a decorem, sagittâ ; tamen ille miratur de
Aura refert oblata citis talaria plantis : corem magis ; et ipse cursus
facit decorem Aura oblata ci
Tergaque jactantur crines per eburnea , quæque tis plantis refert talaria :
Poplitibus suberant picto genualia limbo : 34 crines jactantur per eburnca
Inque puellari corpus candore ruborem [velum terga, que genualia quæ sube
Traxerat ; haud alitèr, quàm cùm super atria rant poplitibus picto limbo :
inque corpus traxerat ruborem
Candida purpureum similatas inficit umbras. puellari candore. Haud aliter
Dum notat hæc hospes, decursa novissima meta quàm cùm purpureum velum
inficit similatas umbras super
Et tegitur festâ victrix Atalanta coronâ. [est :
Dant gemitua victi : penduntque ex foedere candida atria. Dum hospes
notat hæc, novissima meta est
pœnas : 40 decursa et Atalanta victrix
Non tamen eventu juvenum deterritus horum tegitur festâ coronâ. Victi
Constitit in medio : vultusque in virgine fixo, dantgemitum : tamen nonpœ
nas ex fædere;penduntque de
Quid facilem titulum superando quæris inertes ? territus eventu horum juve
Mecum confer, ait. Seu me fortuna potentem num, constitit in medio ; vul
Fecerit ; à tanto non indignabere vinci. 45 tuque fixo in virgine, ait, Quid
Namque mihi genitor Megareus, Onchestius illi ; quæris facilem titulum super
ando inertes ? confer mecum.
Est Neptunus avus ; pronepos ego regis aquarum. Seu fortuna fecerit me poten
Nec virtus citra genus est. Seu vincar, habebis tem, non indignabere vinci à
Hippomene victo magnum et memorabile nomen , tanto. Namque Megareus
Talia dicentem molli Schoeneïa vultu 50 genitor mihi, Onchestius illi ;
I Aspicit et dubitat, superari an vincere malit. Neptunus est avus : ego pro
nepos regis aquarum. Nec
Atque ita ; Quis Deus hunc formosis, inquit, virtus est citra genus. Seu
vincar, habebis magnum et
iniquus
Perdere vult ? charæque jubet discrimine vitæ memorabile nomen Hippom e
ne victo. Schoeneïa aspicit
Conjugium petere hoc ? Non sum, me judice, dicentemtalia molli vultu : et
tanti ; 54 dubitat an malit superari, an
vincere. Atque inquit ità, Quis
Deus iniquus formosis, vult perdere hunc ? que jubet petere hoc conjugium discrimine chara
; vite ? Non sum,tanti, me judice.
a decoram ,
E

NOTES.

26. Passu alite.] With a swift pace, as if 40. Penduntque.] They suffer.
2 she flew. Ex fœdere.] According to agreement.
30. Aonio.] Aonia is a part of Boeotia. 43. Facilem titulum.] Glory easily gotten.
Hence it is Aonius juvenis, for Hippomenes 45. Tanto.] By so renowned a person.
the Boeotian.- Decorem.] Her beauty,' 48. Nec virtus, &c.] Nor do I degenerate
32. Refert. ] Blows back. from the virtue of my ancestors.
Talaria.] Her winged sandals, Tediλa.. 50. Moli vultu.] With a mild, pleasing
1 34. Genualia.] Garters. look. Schoeneïa.] Atalanta, the daughter of
37. Similatas inficit umbras.] Changesthe King Schoneus.
shadow, tinges it with a purple colour ; for the 52. Atque ità.] sc. Secum ait. For what
rays of the sun passing through any coloured follows is a struggle and deliberation of affec
transparent body, gives that colour to such tions, and not a verbal speech.
bodies as the rays fall upon. 55. Discrimine.] With the hazard.
38. Hospes.] Hippomenes. 54. Non sum, &c ] I am not of so much
Decursa novissima meta:] She came to the consequence, that so beautiful a youth should
end of the racę. 7 lose his life upen my accoun
D dd
386 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. X.

Nec tangor formâ. Tamenquo- Nec formâ tangor. Poteram tamen hâc quo.
que poteram tangi hæc. Sed
que tangi. [sed ætas.
quòd adhuc est puer. Ipse non
movetme,sed ætas. Quid, quòd Sed quòd adhuc puer est. Non memovet ipse,
virtus mest, et mens interrita Quid, quòd inest virtus, et mens interrita lethi?
lethi ? quid, quòd numeratur Quid, quòd ab æquoreâ numeratur origine
quartus ab æquoreâ origine ?
quid, quòd amat, que putat no quartus ? [tra,
stra connubia tanti, ut pereat ; Quid, quòd amat, tantique putat connubia nos
și dura Fors negarit me illi ? Ut pereat ; si me Fors illi dura negârit ? 60
hospes abidum licet ; querelin- Dum licet, hospes, abi thalamosque relinque
que cruentos thalamos. Meum
conjugium est crudele. Nulla cruentos.
noletnubere tibi,et potes optari Conjugium crudele meum est. Tibi nubere nulla
à sapiente puella. Tamen cur Nolet : et optari potes à sapiente puellâ.
est cura tui mihi, tot jam pe- Cur tamen est mihi cura tui, tot jam antè pe
remptisante? viderit : intereat:
quoniam non est admonitusca remptis ? 64
de tot procorum, agiturque in Viderit : intereat : quoniam tot cæde procorum
tædia vitæ. Hic occidet igitur, Admonitus non est ; agiturque in tædia vitæ.
quia voluitvivere mecum ? que Occidet hic igitur, voluit quia vivere mecum ?
patietur indignam necem pre
tium amoris? nostra victoria Indignamque necem pretium patietur amoris ?
non eritferendæ invidiæ. Sed Non erat invidiæ victoria nostra ferendæ. 69
non estmeaculpa. Utinam vel Sed non culpa mea est. Utinam desistere velles !
tes desistere? Aut quoniam es
demens, utînam esses velocior! Aut, quoniam es demens, utinam velocior esses !
Atquàm virgineus vultus estin At c quàm virgineus puerili vultus in ore est !
puerili ore ! Ab, miser Hippo- Ah, miser Hippomene, nollem tibi visa fuissem !
incne, nollem fuissem visa tibi : Vivere dignus eras .
Quòd si felicior essem ;
Eras dignusvivere. Quòd si es
sem felicior ; nec importunafa- Nec mihi conjugium fata importuna negarent ;
ta negarent conjugium mihi ; Unus eras, cum quo sociare cubilia possem. 76
eras unus, cum que possem so- Dixerat : utque rudis, primoque Cupidine tacta,
ciare cubilia. Dixerat : utque Quid facit ignorans, amat, et non sentit amorem .
rudis, que tacta primo Cupi- Jam solitos poscunt cursus populusque paterque ;
dine, ignorans quid facit, amat,
et non sentit amorem. Jampo- Cùm me solicitâ, proles Neptunia, voce [ausis
pulusque paterque poscunt so- Invocat Hippomenes. Cythereïa, comprecor,
fitoscursus ; cùmHippomenes, Adsit, ait, nostris > et quos dedit adjuvet ignes.
Neptuniaproles, invocat me so
licitâvoce. Ait, comprecor, Cy. Detulit aura preces ad me non invida blandas :
thereïa adsit nostris, ausis ; et
adjuvet ignes quos dedit. Aura non invida detulit blandas preces ad me;
b Quid ? quod puer adhuc est? non, &c. e Ah,

NOTES.

55. Nec formâtangor.] Nor am I somuch .Jour victory.

affected with his beauty.
56. Sed. ] sc. Tangor : i. e. I am loved.
57. Interrita lethi.] That is not terrified
by the fear of death.
58. Quid, &c.] An Anaphora.
Ab æquorea origine.] From Neptune, the
God of the Sea.
61. Dum licet, &e.] O stranger ! quityour
attempt while you may. An Apostrophe to
Hippomenes.
62. Nulla, &c. ] There is novirginbut would
be glad to have you for a husband.
65. Viderit.] sc. Hippomenes.
69. Non erit, &c.] Envy will be amazed at
72. Virgineus vultus.] A face as fair as a
virgin's.
75. Importuna. Hard to be entreated.
76. Cum quo, &c.]With whom I would wil
lingly be joined in wedlock.
77. Rudis.] Ignorant of love.
Cupidine.] With love.
Tacta. ] Smitten, struck.
80. Neptunia proles.] Hippomenes, the
great grandson of Neptune.
82. Dedit ] Hath inspired me with.
Ignes.] The love.
83. Aura non invida.] The gale thatfavours
ed the cause of Hippomenes.
FAB. XII. METAMORPHOSEON. 387

Nec
Motaque sum fateor. Nec opis mora longa que fateor, sum mota.
dabatur. 84 longa mora opis dabatur. Est
ager, indigenæ dicuntTamase
Est ager, indigenæ Tamasēnum nomine dicunt ; num nomine ; optima pars
Telluris Cypriæ pars optima : quam mihi prisci Cypria telluris : quam prisci
senes sacravêre mihi : quejus
Sacravêre senes : templisque accedere dotem sêre hanc dotem accedere meis
Hanc jussêre meis. Medio nitet arbor in arvo ; templis. Arbor nitet in me
Fulva comam, fulvo ramis crepitantibus auro. dio arvo. Fulva comam , ra
Hinc tria forte meâ veniens decerpta ferebam mis crepitantibus fulvo auro.
Veniens forte ferebam hinc
Aurea poma manu : nullique videnda, nisi ipsi, tria aurea poma decerpta mea
Hippomenen adii ; docuique quis usus in illis. manu : que videnda nulli, nisi
Signa tubæ dederant : cùm carcere pronus ut- ipsi, adii Hippomenen ; que
erque 93 docui quis usus in illis. Tube
dederant signa : cùm uterque
Emicat, et summam celeri pede libat arenam, pronus emicat carcere, et libat.
Posse putes illos sicco freta radere passu, summam arenam celeri pede.
Et segetis canæ stantes percurrere aristas. 96 Putes illos posse radere frete.
Adjiciunt animos juveni clamorque favorque, siccotes pede,cana segetis. stan
et percurrere Cla
Verbaque dicentum, Nunc, nunc incumbere morque,favorque, verbaque ad .2
tempus, jiciunt animos juveni, dicen
Hippomene: propera. Nunc viribus utere totis, tum, Hippomene, nunc, nunc
Pelle moram: vinces. Dubium Megareïus heros tempusNunc (est) incumbere : pro
pera. utere totis viribus.
Gaudeat, an virgo magis his Schoeneïa dictis. Pelle moram : vinces. Dubi
O quoties, cùmjam posset transire, morata est ; um (erat) Megareïus heros
Spectatosque diu vultus invita reliquit ! 103 magis gaudeat, an Schoencia
O quoties
Aridus è lasso veniebat anhelitus ore, [unum virgo his dictis.
morata est, cum jam posset
Metaque erat longe. Tum denique de tribus transire; que dia invita reliquit
Fotibus arboreis proles Neptunia misit. spectatos vultus ! Aridus anhe
litus veniebat è lasso ore : me
Obstupuit virgo ; nitidique cupidine pomi taque erat longe. Tum deni
Declinat cursus ; aurumque volubile tollit. que Neptunia proles misit
Præterit Hippomenes. Resonant spectacula unum de tribus arboreis fœti
plausu . 109 bus. Virgo obstupuit ; que de
clinat cursus cupidine nitidi
pomi : que tollit volubile au
rum. Hippomenes præterit.
Spectacula resonant plausų.

NOTES.

84. Nec opis mera.] Nor was there time to
delay my assistance long.
85. Est ager, &c.] The goddess describes the
field where she gathered those golden apples.
Tamasenum.] Rather Tamaseum.
89. Fulva comam ] Having golden leaves.
92. Quis usus.] Whatthe use of them was.
95. Carcere. The starting place .
94. Emicat.] Springs forth.
Libat.] Touches lightly.
95. Posse, &c. ] A poetical hyperbole, by
which the great swiftness of Atalanta is sig
nified.
96. Stantes aristas.] The ears of standing ple that rolled.
corn. Arista are so called from areo, tobe dry.
98. Incumbere] For Incumbendi.
100. Megareïus.] Hippomenes. See above,
ver. 46. Namque mihi genitor Megareus, &c.
101. Virgo Schoeneïa.] Atalanta, the daugh
ter of Schoneus.
102. O quoties, &c.] From hence Venus
concludes that Atalanta was in love with Hip
pomenes.
104. Aridus.] Dry and difficult, panting,
which shews that Hippomenes was tired.
105. Metaque. ] The goal to which they
were to run.
106. Fœtibus arboreis.] Of the apples.
108. Aurumque volubile.] The golden ap
109. Plausu.] Of those that favoured Hip
pomenes,
388 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. X.

Illa corrigit moram que cessata Illa moram celeri cessataque tempora cursu
tempora celeri cursu : atque Corrigit : atque iterum juvenem post terga re
iterum relinquit juvenem post
terga. Et remorata rursus jac linquit. 111
tu secundi pomi, consequitur, Et rursus pomi jactu remorata secundi,
quetransitvirum. Ultima pars Consequitur, transitque virum. Pars ultima
cursus restabat : nunc, inquit,
Deaauctor muneris, ades : que cursus [auctor :
juveniliter jecit nitidum aurum Restabat : Nunc, inquit, ades, Dea muneris
ab obliquo in latus campi, quò Inque latus campi, quò tardiùs illa rediret, 115
illa rediret tardiùs. Virgo visa Jecit ab obliquo nitidum juveniliter aurum .
est dubitare an peteret : coëgi
tollere : et adjeci pondera malo An peteret, virgo visa est dubitare : coëgi
sublato : que impedii gravitate Tollere : et adjeci sublato pondera malo :
oneris que pariter morâ. Neve Impediique oneris pariter gravitate morâque.
meus sermo sit tardior illo
cursu ; virgo est præterita : Neve meus sermo cursu sit tardior illɔ ; 120
victor duxit suapræmia. Dig. Præterita est virgo : duxit sua præmia victor.
nane fui cui ageret grates, cui Dignane cui grates ageret, cui thuris honorem
ferret honorem thuris, Adoni ? Ferret, Adoni, fui ? Nec grates immemor egit :
Immemor nec egit grates : nec
dedit mihi thura. Convertor Nec mihi thura dedit. Subitam convertor in
in subitam iram : que dolens iram : 124
contemni, caveo exemplo ne Contemnique dolens, ne sim spernenda futuris,
sim spernenda futuris : que ex
hortor me ipsam in ambos. Exemplo caveo : meque ipsam exhortor in
Transibant templa quæ quon ambos. [chion
dam clarus Echion fecerat ex Templa Deûm matri quæ quondam clarus E
voto matri Deûm, abdita ne- Fecerat ex voto, nemorosis abdita sylvis,
morosis sylvis et longum iter
suasit requiescere. Illic in- Transibant: et iter longum requiescere suasit.
tempestiva cupido concubitus Illic concubitûs intempestiva cupido 130
occupat Hippomenen, concita Occupat Hippomenen, à numine concita nostro.
à nostro numine. Recessus Luminis exigui fuerat prope templa recessus,
exigui luminis fuerat prope
templa, similis spelunce, tec- Speluncæ similis, nativo pumice tectus ;
tus nativo pumice ; sacer prisca Relligione sacer priscâ : quò multa sacerdos
relligione ; quò sacerdos con
tulerat multa lignea simulacra Lignea contulerat veterum simulacra Deorum.
veterum Deorum. Init hunc ; Hunc init ; et vetito temerat sacraria probro.
et temerat sacraria vetitó pró Sacra retorserunt oculos : turritaque mater,
bro. Sacra retorserunt ocu
los, turritaque mater,

NOTES.

110. Cessataque cursu.] In which Atalanta
had ceased from running.
111. Corrigit.] She fetches up, atones for.
112. Remorata .] Was kept back, stopped.
114. Dea muneris auctor .] Venus who hast
given me this present.
116. Juveniliter.] With force, like a young
man ; by whichis intimated that Hippomenes
threw the apple a great way.
117. Coëgi. ] I compelled her.
119. Impedii.] sc. Cursum.
121. Duxit. ] Hippomenes being conqueror,
married Atalanta.
122. Cui, &c.] To whom he should offer
incense and be grateful.
123. Immemor.] Unmindful of the favour,
125. Contemni dolens.] Taking it ill that
I was slighted.- -Ne sim, &c.] That I may
not be slighted for the future.
126. In ambos.] Against them both, Hip
pomenes and Atalanta.
127. Echion.] One of the companions of
Cadmus.
131. A numine concita nostro. ] Inflamed
by me.
132. Recessus.] A place fit for retirement.
136. Init.] Enters into.
Temerat.] Profanes, defiles.
Probro.] With lust, a crime.
137. Sacra.] The statues of the gods.
Turrita mater.] Cybele the mother of the
 FAB. XIV. METAMORPHOSEON. 389

An Stygiâ sontes, dubitavit, mergeret undâ. dubitavit, an mergeret sontes

Poena levis visa est. Ergo modo lævia fulvæ Stygiâ undâ . Pœna visa est le
vis. Ergo fulvæ jubæ velant
Colla jubæ velant : digiti curvantur in ungues colla modo lævia; digiti curvan
Ex humeris armi fiunt : in pectora totum 141 tur in ungues : armi fiunt ex
Pondus abit : summæ caudâ verruntur arena . humeris ; totum pondus abit in
Iramvultus habet : proverbis murmura reddunt : pectora : summæ arena verrun
turcaudâ. Vultus habetiram :
Pro thalamis celebrant sylvas; aliisque timendi reddunt murmura pro verbis :
Dente premunt domito Cybeleïa fræna leones. celebrant sylvas pro thalamis :
Hos tu, chare mihi, cumque his genus omne que leones timendi aliis pre
munt Cybeleïa fræna domito
ferarum , [bent, dente. Tu, chare mihi, effuge
Quæ non terga fuga, sed pugnæ pectora præ- hos, cumque his omne genus
Effuge : ne virtus tua sit damnosa duobus. 148 ferarum, quæ præbent pectora
pugnæ, non præbent terga
fugæ ne tua virtus sit dam
nosa duobus.

NOTES.

gods, called Turrigera or Turrita ; because, as 142. Verruntur.] Are swept.

Ovid elsewhere says, Primis turres urbibus ille 145. Iram vultus habet.] The face of a lion
dedit, and therefore she is represented crown has the appearance of anger, for they have a
ed with towers. fierce aspect .
C • 138. Sontes.] The guilty Hippomenes and 145. Cybeleia.] The chariot of Cybele, the
1 Atalanta. Mergeret Stygiâ undâ.] She mother ofthe gods, is said to be drawn by lions.
should plunge in the Stygian flood. 146. Tu chare mihi. ] My dear Adonis.
159. Modo lævia.] That were smooth a 147. Quæ non, &c.] That do not fleefrom.
little before, and without any hairs. Sed pugnæ pectora præbent. ] That resist.
141. In pectora.] The breasts of lions are 148, Duobus.] sc. Nobis. Both to thee
stronger made than the rest of their body. and me.
T
EXP. FAB. XII. & XIII. These two Fables contain little else than the re
lation of some historical facts, which have been fully set forth in the Argu
ments ; it is needless to say more, than that the latter contains another in
stance of the power of gold ; as Hippomenes by his Golden Apples, as ef.
fectually found the way to his mistress's heart, as did Jupiter by his Golden
Shower, an entrance into the tower in which Danae was concealed. So
powerful is its influence in love affairs, as well as in political intrigues.

FAB XIV. & xv. ADONIS CRUOR IN FLOREM PUrpureum. MENTHE

NYMPHA IN HERBAM MENTHAM

Adonis, pursuing a Wild Boar, is killed by the Beast ; and Venus changes
his Blood into a Crimson-coloured Flower.

ILLA quidem monuit ; junctisque per aëra Illaquidem monuit, que car
pit iter per aërajunctis cygnis ;
cygnis sed virtus stat contraria moni
Carpit iter: sed stat monitis contraria virtus. tis. Fortè canes secuti certa
Fortè suem latebris vestigia certa secuti vestigiaexcivêresuem latebris ;

NOTES.

1. Illa Venus- Junctisque cygnis.] The led him to act contrary to the admonitions of
chariot of Venus is said to be drawn by swans. Venus.
2. Sed stat, &c.] But the courage of Adonis 3. Suem.] A wild boar.
390 P. OVIDH NASONIS .LIB. X,

que Cinyrefus juvenis fixerat Excivêre canes : sylvisque exire parantem

parantem exire sylvis obliquo Fixerat obliquo juvenis Cinyreïus ictu. 5
ictu. Protinus excussit vena
bula, tincta suo sanguine, pan- Protinus excussit pando venabula rostro
do rostro : que trux aper inse- Sanguine tincta suo : trepidumque, et tuta pe
quitur trepidum et petentem tentem [dentes
tuta, que abdidit totos dentes
sub inguine, et stravit mori- Trux aper insequitur : a totosque sub inguine
bundum fulvâ arena. Cythe- Abdidit : et fulva moribundum stravit arenâ.
reavectu levi curru per medias Vecta levi curru medias Cytherea per auras,
auras, nondum pervenerat
Cypron olorinis alis. Agnovit Cypron olorinis nondùm pervenerat alis. 11
longè gemitum morientis : et Agnovit longè gemitum morientis : et albas
flexit albas aves illuc. Utque - Flexit aves illuc. Utque æthere vidit ab alto
dit exanimem ab alto æthere, Exanimem, inque suojactantem sanguine cor
que jactantem corpus in suo
sanguine; desiliit : pariterque pus ;
rupitsinus, pariterque capillos ; Desiliit : pariterque sinus, pariterque capillos
et percussit pectora indignis Rupit, et indignis percussit pectora palmis. 16
palmis. At
inquit, Questaque
tamen non cumomnia
fatis, Questaque cum fatis, At non tamen omnia vestri
erunt vestrijuris. Monumenta Juris erunt, inquit. Luctûs monumenta ma
luctus mei, Adoni, semperma nebunt
nebunt; que imago mortis re
petita peraget annua simula Semper, Adoni, mei : repetitaque mortis imago
minanostri plangoris . Atcruor Annua plangoris peraget simulamina nostri. 20
mutabitur inflorem . An, Per- At cruor in florem mutabitur . An tibi quondam
sephone, licuit tibi quondam Foemineos artus in olentes vertere menthas,
vertere foemineas artus in o
lentes menthas? Cinyreius Persephone, licuit ? nobis Cinyreïus heros
Ireros erit mutatus invidia no Invidiæ mutatus erit ? Sic fata, cruorem
bis ? sic fata, spargit cruorem Nectare odorato spargit : qui tactus ab illo
odorato nectare : qui tactus ab Intumuit : sic ut pluvio pellucida cœlo 26
illo intumuit ; sic, ut pellucida
bulla solet surgere pluvio cœlo. Surgere bulla solet. Nec plena longior horâ
Nec mora longior plenâ horâ Facta mora est ; cùm flos é sanguine concolor
est facta ; cùm concolor flos ortus,
ortus é sanguine, qualem pu
nica solent ferre, quæ celant Quale m , &quæ lento celant sub cortice granum,
granum sub lento cortice : ta- Punica ferre solent: brevis est tamen usus in illo.
men usus in
Nam idem illoquiestpræstant
brevis. Namque malè hærentem, et nimiâ levitate ca
venti
ducum 31
nomina
a tortosque vel fixosque. b Semanimem.
L --- qua lento celantur cortice, grana.

NOTES.

Exeivère.] Roused. bewailed, and the lamentation of Venus was

5. Juvenis, &c.] Adonis, the son of Ciny
gas by Myrrha.
6. Pando.] Bent backwards, crooked.
7. Tuta.] sc. Loca.
8. Trux.] Terrible, fierce,
9. Abdidit. ] Hid, buried.
Moribundum.] Expiring.
16. Rupit ] She tore.Indignis.] Un-
deservedly ; adjective for an adverb.
20. Annua simulamina. ] Simulacra. For
every year the Adonia sacra ; i. e. the sacred
rites of Adonis were celebrated : Adonis was
represented.
21. At, &c.] Mynthe was a nymph who was
turned intothe herb Mint, through the displea
sure of Proserpine, the daughter of Ceres,
because her husband Pluto intrigued with her.
26. Pellucida bulla.] transparent bubble,
which proceeds from water, and soon disap
pears.
27. Plenâ horâ.] Than a full hour.
28. Concolor.] Of the same colour with
blood, or of a purple colour.
50. Punica sc. Mala.
 FAB. XV. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 391

Excutiunt iidem, qui præstant nomina, venti. excutiunt malè hærentem, et

caducum nimiâ levitate.

NOTES.

32. Præstant nomina. ] The flower Ane much as tosay, the Flower of the Wind. It is
mone was so called from Tou vέou, as said it never opens but when the wind blows.

EXP. FAB. XIV. & XV. As Ovid in his account of the Amours of Ve
nus and Adonis, has omitted some circumstances preserved by the ancients,
we shall introduce them here. Mars, jealous of the passion Venus had for
Adonis, implored the assistance of Diana, who, to gratify his resentment,
sent the boar that killed the youth ; or, as others relate it, Apollo himself
assumed the form of that Animal : on Adonis's descending to the kingdom
of Pluto, Proserpine fell in love with him, and refused to let him return,
notwithstanding the repeated orders of Jupiter ; who, lest he should offend
the goddesses, left the decision ofthis affair to Calliope : and she, in order to
oblige them both, decreed that Adonis should spend one part of his time
with the Queen of Hell , and the other with Venus. The determination of
this affair took up a year, and so offended Venus, that she engaged the wo
men of Thrace to kill Orpheus, Calliope's son, as related by Övid.

Adonis, who was passionately fond ofhunting, when engaged in that ex

ercise in the forest of Mount Libanus, was wounded in the groin by a wild
Boar ; this accident so much affected Astarte, that she became inconsolable,
and made the city of Byblos echo with her lamentations, and all Syria to put
on mourning. To render the memory of the young prince immortal, feasts
were dedicated to himto be renewed every year : to this practice the ancients
owe most oftheir gods. Monsieur Banier, in his dissertation on the feasts of
I Adonis, observes, that the Syrians after having mourned several days for the
youth, rejoiced as if he had been raised from the dead ; whence it is presumed
his wound did not prove mortal : for his recovery he was indebted to Co
cutus the physician ; this was considered as a prodigy, and celebrated by
the Syrians in a second feast named the Return. This double solemnity
was continued the remainder of his life, and even after his death, and spread
from Syria and the Isle of Cyprus, into Judea, Asia Minor, and several
other countries .

Many ofthe learned authors supposed that Adonis and Osiris were one;
that
> the deathby
and the affliction of Venus was represented that of Isis lamenting
of her husband.
 ( 392 )

P. OVIDII NASONIS

METAMORPHOSEΩN ,

LIBER XI.

FAB. I. & II. ORPHEUS IN BACCHICIS SACRIS DILACERATUR. THRACIE

MULIERES IN ARBORES.

THE ARGUMENT.

While Orpheus plays on Mount Rhodope, the women of Thrace celebrate

their Orgies. They take the opportunity of that ceremony to revenge
his Indifference for their Sex ; and, in the Fury these Rites inspire them
with, beat him to Death . His head and Lyre are carried down the He
brus into the Sea, and thrown on the Island Lesbos. A serpent going to
feed on his Head, just cast ashore, is changed into a Stone ; and the
Bacchantes who killed him are transformed into Trees.

Dum Threicius vates ducit CARMINE dum tali sylvas, animosque ferarum,
sylvas, animosque ferarum, ét Threïcius vates, et saxa sequentia ducit ;
sequentia saxa tali carmine ; Ecce nurus Ciconum tectæ lymphata ferinis
ecce nurusCiconum tecta lym
phata pectora ferinis velleribus, Pectora velleribus, tumuli de vertice cernunt
cernunt de vertice tumuli Or- Orphea percussis sociantem carmina nervis. 5
phea sociantem carmina per- E quibus una, levem jactato crine per auram,
cussis nervis. Una è quibus,
erine jactato per levem auram, En, ait, en hic est nostri contemptor : et hastam
ait, En, en, hic est contemptor Vatis Apollinei vocalia misit in ora.
nostri : et misit hastamin vo- Quae foliis præsūta notam sinè a vulnere fecit.
aliaora Apollinei vatis. Que Alterius telum lapis est : qui missus , in ipso 10
præsuta foliis fecit notam sinè
vulnere. Telum alterius est Acre concentu victus vocisque lyræque est ;
lapis : qui missus, victus est in Ac veluti supplex pro tam furialibus ausis,
ipso aëre concentu vocisque
lyræque ; ac jacuit ante pedes
veluti supplex pro tam furia
libus ausis, a sanguine.

NOTES.
1. Animosque ferarum.] We may suppose wild beasts.
the minds ofuncivilized men to have been cul 8. Vatis Apollinei. ] Of Orpheus.
tivated and softened by Orpheus. Vocalia. Sending forth a melodious sound.
2. Threicius vates.] Orpheus. 9. Foliis præsuta .] The thyrsi or spears of
3. Nurus Ciconum.] The Thracian Bac- the Bacchæ, adorned with ivy or vine leaves.
chantes, the Mænades. Notam.] A mark.
Lymphata,] Being mad with rage. 11. Concentu.] With the harmony.
Ferinis velieribus. ] With shaggy skins of 12. Supplex. ] As if to ask pardon.
 FAB. I. METAMORPHOSEON. 393

Ante pedes jacuit, sed enim temeraria crescunt sed enim temeraria bella cres
Bella : modusque abiit ; insanaque regnat Erin- cunt : modusque abiit : insana
14 queErinnysregnat. Cunctaque
nys. tela forent mollita cantu ; sed
Cunctaque tela forent cantu mollita : sed ingens ingens clamor, et Berecynthia
Clamor, et inflato Berecynthia tibia cornu, tibia inflato cornu, tympana
que, plaususque, et Bacchei u
Tympanaque, et plausus, et Bacchei ululatus
lulatus obstrepuêre sono citha
Obstrepuêre sono citharæ. Tum denique saxa ræ. Tum denique saxa rubu
Non exauditi rubuerunt sanguine vatis.. erunt sanguine vatis non ex
Ac primùm attonitas etiamnum voce canentis auditi. Ac primùm Mænades
Innumeras volucres, anguesque, agmenque fe rapuêre etiamnuminnumeras
attonitas volucres,
voce ca
rarum, 21 nentis, anguesque, agmenque
Mænades Orphei titulum rapuêre theatri : ferarum, rapuêre titulum Or
Indè cruentatis vertuntur in Orphea dextris : phei theatri : Indè vertuntur in
Orphea cruentatis dextris : et
Et coëunt, ut aves : si quando luce vagantem coëunt ut aves ; si quando cer
Noctis avem cernunt : structoque utrimque the- nunt avem noctis vagantem lu
Ceu matutinâ cervus periturus arena [atro, ce structoque utrimque the
Præda canum est : vatemque petunt ; et fronde atro, ceu cervus periturus ma
tutinâ arenâ est præda canum :
virenti 27 que petunt vatem ; et conjici
Conjiciunt thyrsos non hæc in munera factos. unt thyrsos fronde virenti, non
factos in hæc munera. Hæ tor
Hæ glebas, illæ direptos arbore ramos, quent glebas, illæ ramos direp
Pars torquent silices. Neu desint tela furori ; 30 tos arbore, Pars silices. Neu
Fortè boves presso subigebant vomere terram : tela desint furori ; fortè boves
Nec procul hinc multo fructum sudore parantes subigebant terram presso vo
mere : nec procul hinc lacer
Dura lacertosi fodiebant arva coloni. tosi coloni, parantes fructum
Agmine qui viso fugiunt, operisque relinquunt multo sudore fodiebant dura
Arma sui : vacuosque jacent dispersa per agros arva. Qui viso agmine fugiunt,
Sarculaque, rastrique graves, a longique ligones. querelinquunt
pade sarculaque, quearma sui operis
graves rastri,:
$ a curvique. longique ligones, jacent dispersa per vacuos agros.

NOTES.

I 22. Mænades.] The Bacchæ, so calledfrom

13. Ante pedes.] sc. Of Orpheus.
14. Bella temeraria. ] The rash war. palveola , i. e. to be frantic.
Insanaque.] From the effect, because dis Titulum.] The glory.
cord makes men mad and furious. Theatri.] Of the show or sight.
Erinnys.] The Goddess of Discord. 24. Coeunt.] They are gathered together,
15. Mollita. So softened, that they could they assemble.
not any more hurt Orpheus. 25. Noctis avem.] The owl.
16. Berecynthia . ] Such as were used in Structoque.] That is, he was torn in pieces
Berecynthus , a mountain of Phrygia, in per like a stag by dogs in the Amphitheatre at
forming the sacred rites of Cybele, the mo Rome, where in the morning were exhibited
ther of the gods. such public shows.
17. Bacchei.] Of the Bacchanalia I have 27. Petunt.] They set upon, they assault.
spoken in Book III. In which the Bacchantes 28. In munera.] For this use.
carried javelins, and being crowned with vine 30. Torquent.] They cast, hurl.
leaves and ivy, danced after a frantic manner 31. Subigebant, &c.] Did plough.
through the woods and mountains, filling all 32. Fructum.] Bread corn.
places with a confused bawling, howling, and 35. Lacertosi. ] Sinewy.
54. Agmine .] Of the Bacchantes in their
sound of pipes and cymbals.
18. Obstrepuere , &c.] They made a noise furious mood.
which drowned the sound of the lyre. 35. Arma.] Rustic utensils.
20. Attonitas. ] Astonished or struck with 36. Sarculaque. ] Weeding hooks.
the sweetness of Orpheus's song. Rastrique . ] Rakes or harrows.
Eee
394 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XI.

Quæ postquam feræ rapuêre, Quæ postquam rapuêre feræ, cornuque minaci
que divellêre boves minaci cor- Divellêre boves; ad vatis fata recurrunt : [ mùm
du; recurrunt ad fata vatis :
que sacrilegæ perimunt ten Tendentemque manus, atque illo tempore pri
denter manus, atque primùm Irrita dicentem , nec quicquam voce moventem ,
illo tempore dicentem irrita, Sacrilegæ perimunt. Perque os (prô Jupiter ! )
nec moventem quicquam voce. Auditum saxis, intellectumque ferarum [illud
Que (prô Jupiter ! ) anima ex
halata recessit in ventos, per os Sensibus, in ventos anima exhalata recessit.
illud auditum saxis, intellec- Te mostæ volucres, Orpheu, te turba ferarum ,
tumque
pheu, sensibus
mæstæ ferarum.
volucres Or- Te rigidi silices, tua carmina sæpe secutæ 45
flevèrunt
te, te turba ferarum, rigidi si Flevêrumt sylva : positis te frondibus arbos
lices fleverunt te, sylvæ sæpe Tonsa comam luxit : lacrymis quoque flumin to moree
secutæ tua carmina : arbos dicunt orthe shootofa trees
tonsa comam luxit te positis Increvisse suis : obscuraque carbasa pullo
frondibus : quoque dicunt flu
mina increvisse suis lacrymis, Naiades et Dryades, passosque habuêre capillos.
que Nalades et Dryades habu- Membra jacent diversa locis. Caput, Hebre,
ere earbasa obscura pullo, que 50
lyramque
capillospassos. Membrajacent
diversa locis. Hebre, excipis Excipis ; et (mirum) medio dum labitur amne,
caput lyramque; et (mirum) Flebile nescio quid queritur lyra, flebile lingua
dum labitur medio amne, lyra Murmurat exanimis : respondent flebile ripæ.
queritur nescio quid flebile,
exanimis lingua murmurat fle Jamque mare invectae flumen populare relinqu
bile ; ripe respondent flebile. Et Methymnææ potiuntur littore Lesbi. [unt ;
Quæ jam invectæ mare relin- Hic ferus expositum peregrinis anguis arenis 56
quunt populare flumen ; et Os petit, et sparsos stillanti rore capillos .
potiuntur littore Methymnææ
Lesbi. Hic ferus anguis petit Tandem Phoebus adest ; morsusque inferre pa-
os expositum peregrinis arenis, rantem
et capillos sparsos stillanti rore. Arcet ; et in lapidem rictus serpentis apertos
Tandem Phœbus adest ; que Congelat ; et patulos (ut erant) indurat hiatus.
arcet parantem inferre morsus
et congelat apertos rietus ser Umbra subit terras : et, quæ loca viderat antè,
pentis in lapidem ; et indurat Cuncta recognoscit. Quærensque per arva pio
(ut erant) patulos hiatus. Um rum 62
bra subit terras: et recognoscit Invenit Eurydicen, cupidisque amplectitur ulnis.
cuncta loca quæ viderat ante.
Quærensque per arva piorum Hic modò conjunctis spatiantur passibus ambo :
invenit Eurydicen, que amplec- Nunc præcedentem sequitur, nunc prævius an
titur cupidis ulnis. Hic modò teit : 65
ambo spatiantur conjunctis
passibus : nunc sequitur præcedentem, nune prævius anteit :

NOTES.

37. Feræ.] Fierce. 48. Obscuraque carbasa.] Mourning, black

38. Divelière.] They tore in pieces ; it be garments.
ing the custom to tear in pieces the oxen of 50. Hebre.] A river of Thrace.
fered in the sacrifices of the Bacchanalia. 53. Respondent.] Echo.
Vatis fata.] The destruction of Orpheus. 54. Flumen populare ] His native river.
40. Irrita dicentem.] He who but a little 55. Methymnææ. ] Methymna is a city of
before had power to attract the woods, the the Lesbians, famous for the best wine.
savage beasts, and made even the stones fol 61. Subit terras.] He went down to the
low him, did now, for the first time, endea lower regions.
vour to persuade in vain. 62. Arva piorum.] The Elysian Fields.
44. Te mostæ, &c.] An apostrophe to Or 64. Hic.] Here, among the ghosts.
pheus, full of complaint and pity. Spatiantur.] They walk about,
FAB. 11.. METAMORPHOSEON. 395
}
Eurydicenque suam jam tutò respicit Orpheus, quejam Orpheus respicit suam
Non impune tamen scelus hoc sinit esse Lyæus : Eurydicen tutò. Tamen Lyaus
non sinit hoc scelus esse impu
Amissoque dolens sacrorum vate suorum, nè que dolens vate suorum
Protinus in sylvis matres Edonidas omnes, sacrorum amisso, protinus liga→→
Quæ fecere nefas, tortâ radice ligavit. 70 vitomnesEdonidas matres que
fecêre nefas in sylvis, tortâ ra
Quippe pedum digitos, in quantum quæque se dice. Quippe traxit digitos pe
cuta est, dum, in quantum quæque est
Traxit : et in solidam detrusit acumine terram. secuta ; et detrusit in solidam
Utque suum laqueis, quos callidus abdidit au terram acumine. Utqué volu
cris, ubi commisit, que sensit
fowliceps , -gen aucupies. 73 suum
crus teneri laqueis quos
Crus ubi commisit volucris, sensitque teneri, callidus auceps abdidit, plan
Plangitur; ac trepidans adstringit vincula motu : gitur ; ac trepidans adstringit
vincula motu : sic, ut quæque
Sic ut quæque solo defixa cohæserat harum, harum cohæserat defixa solo,
Exsternata fugam frustrà tentabat, at illam exsternata frustrà tentabat fu
Lenta tenet radix, exsultantemque coërcet. gam, ac lenta radix tenet illam
Dumque ubi sint digiti, dum pes ubi quærit, que coërcet exsultantem. Que
dum quærit ubi sint digiti, et
79 dum
et ungues, quærit ubi pes et ungues,
Aspicit in teretes lignum succedere suras. aspicit lignum succedere in te
Et conata femur moerenti plangere dextrâ ; retes suras. Et conataplangere
femur inærenti dextrâ percus
Robora percussit. Pectus quoque robora fiunt :
sitrobora. Quoque pectus fiunt
Robora sunt humeri, a Porrectaque brachia veros robora, humeri sunt robora.
Esse putes ramos, et non fallêre putando. Que putes brachia porrecta es
se veros ramos, et non fallère putando,
a longos quoque brachia vera.

NOTES.

66. Eurydicen. Whom before he had
lost by looking back for her. .
67. Non impunè, &c. ] Did not let this the faster they are bound
crime go unpunished. Lyæus.] Bacchus.
Why he was so called, See Book IV.
68. Sacrorum vate.] Orpheus had composed
some hymns in praise of Bacchus.
69. Matres Edonidas.] Baccha.
72, Traxit.] He stretched out, and turned
into roots of trees.
75. Plangitur.] Claps its wings.
Trepidans. &c.] For the more they flutter,
77. Exsternata.] Affrighted.
78. Lenta.] Pliable.
Coërcet.] Holds fast.
80. Succedere.] Grow in the place of
81. Mærenti.] With a sorrowful.
84. Non fallere.] Nor would you be mis
taken.

FAB. I. & II. The metamorphosis of the Serpent into a Stone, as men
tioned in the Argument, is an episode introduced to embellish the history.
However, several of the mythologists point it out as representing the pun
ishment of one of the inhabitants of Lesbos, who attacking the reputation
of Orpheus, was considered as a base ignorant fellow, in endeavouring to
raise his reputation at the expense of the poet's ; and to express the general
opinion of his stupidity , it was said he was turned into a Stone. Orpheus's
head, which was carried by the waves to Lesbos, was placed in the Tem
ple of Apollo, where it is said to have given responses ; and upon an ex
planation of one of the oracles delivered by it from a cave at Lesbos, to
Philoctetes, by Diomede and Neoptolemus , 1 that hero was, we are told,
prevailed on to repair to the Siege of Troy.
His Harp was also preserved in the same Temple ; and so many wonders
were reported to have been performed by it, that Neanthus, the son of the
tyrant Pytharus, purchased it from the priests of Apollo ; but in his hands,
396 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XI.

instead of putting Trees, Rocks, and Mountains in motion, such was the ef
fect, that the dogs of the village, where he made the experiment, tore him
in pieces. The metamorphosis of the Women of Thrace into Trees, for
the murder of Orpheus, emblematically shews that the greater part of the
Bacchantes were punished, who committed that barbarous action, while
theresthowled in the woods and caverns, where they hid themselves through
dread of the chastisement they had earned.

FAB. III. CONTACTA AMIDA & ARENA PACTOLI IN AURUM .

Bacchus having punished the Thracian Women for the Death of Orpheus,
leaves Thrace. His old Tutor Silenus gets Drunk, loses his Companions,
and is brought by some Phrygian Peasants to Midas, who sends him back
to Bacchus, and the God, in acknowledgement of this Kindness, promises
him whatever Favour he should ask. Midas asks to turn every Thing
that he touches into Gold ; which is granted him : but he is soon sensi
ble of hisfolly, and prays the God to have the power taken from him, who
orders him to bathe in the Pactolus. Here he loses it, and this River
has ever since had Golden Sands.

Nec hoc est satis Baccho. NEC satis hoc Baccho est. Ipsos quoque de
Quoque deserit ipsos agros ; serit agros :
cumque meliore choro petit vi
neta sui Tymoli, Pactolonque: Cumque choro meliore, sui vineta Tymoli,
quamvis non erat aureus illo Pactolonque petit : quamvis non aureus illo
tempore, nec invidiosus caris Tempore , nec a caris erat invidiosus arenis. 4
arenis. Assueta cohors, Satyri, Hunc assueta cohors Satyri, Bacchaque fre
Bacchaque frequentant hunc ;
at Silenus abest. Ruricolæ quentant : [roque
Phryges cepêre titubantem an- At Silenus abest. Titubantem annisque me
nisque meroque ; que traxere Ruricolæ cepêre Phryges : vinctumque coronis
vinctum coronis ad regem Mi
dam : cui Thracius Orpheus Ad regem traxêre Midam ; cui Thracius Or
tradiderat Orgia cum Cecropio pheus
Eumolpo. Qui simul agnovit Orgia tradiderat cum Cecropio Eumolpo. 9
socium comitemque sacrorum, Qui simul agnovit socium comitemque sacrorum,
egit festum genialitèr adventu
hospitis per bis quinque dies, Hospitis adventu festum genialiter egit
et noctes junctas ordine. Et Per bis quinque dies, et junctas ordine noctes .
Jam undecimus Lucifer coëge- Et jam stellarum sublime coegerat agmen
rat sublime agmen stellarum, Lucifer undecimus, Lydos cùm lætus in agros
cùm rex venit in
agros :
a fulvis. b catenis,
+ " :
NOTES.

1. Ipsos agros. ] The fields of Thrace.
2. Choro meliore.] A more respectable
company of Baccha than those who had torn
Orpheus in pieces.
Sui.] Which he delighted in.
Tymoli.] Tymolús, a mountain of Lydia."
3. Pactolonque.] Ariver of Lydia, abound.
ing in golden sands.
5. Frequentant.] Surround.
7. Silenus. ] Who Silenus was, we have
shewn in Book IV. ver. 27.
Titubantem ] Reeling, staggering.
8. Midam.] Aking of Phrygia, remarkable
for wealth ; and therefore he is said to have
turned whatever he touched into gold.
9. Orgia ] The sacrifices of Bacchus.
Tradiderat.] Had instructed.
Cecropio. King of Athens.
11. Genialiter.] Voluptuously and merrily.
13. Coëgerat. ] Had gathered together. The
meaning is, that the eleventh day was come.
1
14. Lucifer.] A star, which is the last that
appears after day break, therefore is said by
the poets to collect the other stars together.
Lydos in agros.] Into Lydia.
 FAB. 111. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 397

Rex venit : et juveni Silenum reddit alumno. etreddit Silenum juveni alum
Huic Deus optanti gratum, sed inutile, fecit 16 no. Deus gaudens altore ro
cepto, fecit gratum sed inutile
Muneris arbitrium , gaudens altore recepto : arbitrium muneris huic optan
Ille malè usurus donis, ait, Effice quicquid ti: Ille usurus donis male, ait,
Corpore contigero fulvum vertatur in aurum. Effice quicquid contigero cor
porevertatur infulvum aurum.
Annuit optatis : nocituraque munerà solvit 20 Liber annuit optatis : que sol
Liber : et indoluit, quòd non meliora petîsset. vit nocitura munera : et indo
Lætus abit ; gaudetque malo Berecynthius heros : luit, quòd non petîsset meliora.
Pollicitamque fidem tangendo singula tentat. Berecynthius heros abit lætus,
gaudetque malo : et tentat
Vixque sibi credens, non altà fronde virentem pollicitam fidem tangendo sin
Ilice detraxit virgam ; virga aurea facta est. 25 gula. Que vix credens sibi,
Tollit humo saxum : saxum quoque palluitauro. detraxit virgam virentem fron
de non altâ illice : virga facta,
Contigit et glebam : contactu gleba potenti est aurea. Tollit saxum hu
Massa fit. Arentes Cereris decerpsit aristas : mo, quoque saxum palluit au
3 Aurea messis erat. Demptum tenet arbore ro. Et contigit glebam, et
pomum : 29 gleba fit massa potenti contac
魔 tu. Decerpsit arentes aristas
Hesperidas donâsse putes. Si postibus altis Cereris: messis erat aurea. Te
Admovit digitos : postes radiare videntur. net pomum demptum arbore :
Ille etiam liquidis palmas ubi laverat undis, putes Hesperidas donâsse. Si
admovit digitos altis postibus :
Unda fluens palmis Danaën eludere posset. postes videntur radiare. Etiam
Vix spes ipse suas animo capit, aurea fingens ubi ille laverat palmas liquidis
Omnia. Gaudenti mensas posuêre ministri 35 undis, unda fluens palmis pos
set eludere Danaën. Ipse vix
Exstructas dapibus, nec tostæ frugis egentes. capit suas spes animo, fingens
Tum verò, sive ille suâ Cerealia dextrâ omnia aurea. Ministri posuêre
Munera contigerat ; Cerealia dona rigebant : mensasexstructas dapibus gau
Sive dapes avido convellere dente parabat, denti, nec egentes tostæ fru
Lamina fulva dapes admoto dente nitebant . 40 gis. Verò tum, sive ille con
tigerat Cerealia munera suâ
Miscuerat puris auctorem muneris undis, dextrâ ; Cerealia dona rige
Fusile per rictus aurum fluitare videres. bant : sive parabat convellere
Attonitus novitate mali, divesque, miserque, dapes avidolamina
bant fulva dapesadmo
dente,dente nite
Effugere optat opes : et quæ modò voverat, odit. to. Miscuerat auctorem mu
neris puris undis, videres fusile
aurum fluitare per rictus. Attonitus novitate mali, divesque, miserque, optat effugere ope's
et odit quæ modò voverat.

NOTES,

15. Rex.] Midas. -Juveni.] To Bacchus.
17. Altore.] Silenus, his foster-father.
18. Ille.] Midas.- -Malè. ] To his own
hurt and destruction.
20. Solvit.] Pays, he performs his promise.
22. Berecynthius heros.] Midas, king of
Phrygia, where the mountain Berecynthus is.
23. Pollicitamque fidem.] The truth of
what had been promised.Tentat. ] Tries.
24. Non altâ.] Upon a low.
28. Cereris. ] Of bread. A metonymy.
30. Hesperidas. ] For the Hesperides are
said to have gardens, the trees of which bore
golden apples.
31. Radiare.] To shine like gold.
53. B Danaën eludere.] It resembled the
golden shower into which Jupiter transformed
himself, when he deceived Danaë.
34. Vix spes. ] For Midas promised himself
every thing that was great.
35. Posuêre.] They set before him..
38. Munera.] Bread.
Rigebant. ] The bread became hard and
stiff; for it was turned into gold.
39. Convellere dente.] To chew.
41. Auctorem muneris.] Bacchus. Meto
nymically for wine.
42. Fusile.] Liquid, melted.
45. Divesque.] Because he abounded with
gold. 1
44. Quæ modò, &c.] What he had wished
for a little before,
 398 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XI.

Nulla copia relevat famem : Copia nulla famem relevat : sitis arida guttur 15
arida sitis urit guttur, et me- Urit, et inviso meritus torquetur ab auro. [lens,
ritus torquetur ab inviso auro.
Tollens manus et splendida Ad cœlumque manus, et splendida brachia tol
brachia ad cœlum, inquit, Pa- Da veniam, Lenæe pater; peccavimus, inquit:
ter Lenæe, da veniam ; pecca- Sed miserere, precor, speciosoque eripe damno.
vimus ; sed precor miserere,
que eripe specioso darano . Bac Mite Deûm numen Bacchus peccâsse fatentem
chus, mite numen Deûm, res- Restituit, a pactamque fidem, data munera, solvit.
tituit fatentem peccâsse, que Neve malè optato maneas circumlitus auro, 52
solvit pactam fidem, data mu Vade, ait, ad magnis vicinum Sardibus amnem ;
nera. Neve maneas circum
litus make optato auro, ait, vade Perque jugum montis, labentibus obvius undis,
ad amnem vicinum magnis Carpe viam ; donec venias ad fluminis ortus. 55
Sardibus ; que carpe viam per Spumiferoque tuum fonti, quà plurimus exit,
jugum montis obvius labenti
bus undis, donec venias ad or Subde caput corpusque simul ; simul elue cri
tus fluminis. Que subde tuum men.
caput spumifero fonti, quà Rex jussa succedit aquæ. Vis aurea tinxit
exit plurimus, que elue simul Flumen, et humano de corpore cessit in amnem.
corpus, simul crimen. Rex Nune
succedit jussæ aquæ. Aurea quoquejam veteris percepto semine venæ
vis tinxit flumen, et cessit in Arva rigent, auro madidis pallentia glebis. 61
amnem de humano corpore. tinctured
Quoque nunc arva rigent semine veteris venæ jam percepto, pallentia glebis madidis auro,
a factique simul data munera solvit.

NOTES.

46. Meritus. For out of covetousness he
Bad required this gift from Bacchus.
Torquetur ] He is tormented.
48. Da veniam.] Forgive me.
Lenae pater.] Bacchus, so called from
Avo , i . e. a wine press.
49. Speciosoque . For though it seemed
fair and good, it was nevertheless a great in
jury.
50. Mite numen. ] Easy to be entreated.
51. Restituit.] He restored him to his for
mer state.
Partamque fidem, &c.] And relieves him
from the oppression of that gift, which, pur
suant to his promise, he had himself be
stowed.
53. Amnem.] He means Pactolus, the ri
ver of Lydia, flowing from Mount Tmolus,
by the town of Sardis.
59. Cessit.] Passed from . The poet ascribes
a natural cause to the fable, according to his
usual manner : for Pactolus is a river that
has golden sands, as many others are said to
have.

EXP. FAB. II. Of the gods of the Pagans, there were several classes, and
the most inferior were the Satyrs and Silenus ; the latter being no other
than Satyrs advanced in years. Silenus, mentioned by Ovid, was born
at Malea, inferior to the gods, but superior to man, not being subject
to mortality. His figure, short, thick, and fleshy ; bald, flat-nosed, and
red-visaged ; full of those marks that distinguish the drunkard ; often
represented sitting on an ass, so intoxicated as to be scarce able to keep
himself from falling, or else reeling and staggering on foot, with a Thyr
sus or Club in his hand to support him. He is most admirably described
by Virgil in his VIth Eclogue. The ancients agree he was entrusted with
the education of Bacchus ; and however disgraceful the description we have
given of Silenus , he had his lucid moments, and appeared the able philoso
pher and great captain, In the Argument, it is related howhe cameto be sent
to Midas, and this gave him an opportunity of discoursing with him re
specting the unknown world, which Plato and other philosophers have said
so much of. By Plutarch he is said to have discoursed on Death and other
moral subjects, so that he must have been of a most extraordinary compo.
sition. It is said he was the cotemporary and friend of Midas, who was
 FAB. IV. METAMORPHOSEN. 399

advantaged not a little in the good government of his kingdom, by the coun
sel of so wise and learned a philosopher. He is probably called the Foster
father of Bacchus, because of his introducing his worship into Phrygia, and
is most commonly seen attended by the Bacchants and other ministers ofthe
Orgies. The favour which Bacchus granted to Midas, for his attention to
Silenus, you have in the close of the Argument.

FAB. IV. V. & VI. MIDE AURES IN ASINI AURES. CANNE VOCALES.
NEPTUNUS & APOLLO IN HOMINES.

Pan is so elated with the Praises of some Nymphs who had heard his Pipe,
that he dares to challenge Apollo to play with him. The Mountain God
Tmolus, who is chosen Judge of their performance, decides in favour of
Apollo ; and the whole Company approve his Judgment, except Midas,
who, for his stupidity in preferring Pan, gets a Pair of Ass's ears : these
he very carefully conceals till his Barber discovers them, who makes
known his deformity in a very singular manner. Apollo and Neptune
build the Walls of Troy for Laomedon, who refuses the Gods the Reward
he had agreed for : Neptune punishes his Perjury by an Inundation of
the Country. Laomedon is obliged to expose his Daughter to a Sea
$ Monster, to appease the Gods, who is released by Hercules ; and Lao
medon defrauds him likewise of a Set of Horses he had promised him.
The Hero sacks Troy in Revenge, carries off Hesione, and gives her in
marriage to his Companion Telamon.

ILLE, perosus opes, sylvas et rura colebat, Ille, perosus opes, colebat
sylvas, et rura, Panaque habi
Panaque montanis habitantem semper in an tantem semperin montanis an
tris. [antè, tris. Sed pingue ingenium
Pingue sed ingenium mansit : nocituraque, ut mansit : que pra cordia stolidæ
Rursus erant domino stolidæ præcordia mentis . mentis erant nocitura rursus
domino, ut antè. Nam Tmolus
Nam freta prospiciens latè riget arduus alto 5 arduus in alto ascensu riget,
Tmolus in ascensu : clivoque extentus utroque, prospiciens freta latè : que ex
#
Sardibus hinc, illinc parvis finitur Hypæpis . ten utr eilliclipar
vo, finitu
c Sardiboqu
hintus us, nc vis Hyr
Panibi dumteneris jactat sua carmina Nymphis, pæp Ibi du Pa jac sua
is. m n tat
Et leve ceratâ modulatur arundine carmen ; carmina teneris Nymphis , et
Ausus Apollineos præ se contemnere cantus ; 10 modulatur leve carmen cerata
arundine, ausus contemnere
Judice sub Tmolo certamen venit ad impar.
Apollineos cantus præ se, venit
Monte suo senior judex consedit ; et aures ad impar certamen sub judice
Liberat arboribus . Quercu coma cærula tantùm Tmolo. Senior judex consedit
suo monte, et liberat aures ar
boribus. Tantum cærula coma cingitur quercu,

NOTES.

1. Ille.] Midas. Mount Tmolus.

Perosus opes. ] Hating riches, by which he
had been almost starved to death.
2. Panaque.] The god of shepherds, but
one of the Plebeian gods.
3. Pingue.] Dull, stupid.
'Nocitura ut antè.] Likely to prove destruc
1 tive to him as before.
5. Nam freta, &c. ] A description of
7. Hypæpis.] Hypæpe is a city of Lydia.
9. Ceratâ.] Joined with wax.
11. Tmolo.] The poets attribute deities
to the mountains, as well as to rivers and
springs.
12. Aures, &c.] He removes the branches
from his ears.
 400 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XI.

et glandes pendent circum ca- Cingitur : et pendent circum cava tempora

va tempora. Que is spectans 14
glandes .
Deum pecoris, in judice, dixit,
nulla moraest. Ille insonat ag- Isque Deum pecoris spectans, in judice, dixit,
restibus calamis : que delinit Nulla mòra est. Calamis agrestibus insonat ille:
Midan Barbarico carmine Barbaricoque Midan (aderatnam fortè canenti)
(nam fortè aderat canenti .) Carmine delînît. Post hunc sacer ora retorsit
Post hunc sacer Tmolus retor
sit ora ad os Phœbi : sua sylva Tmolus ad os Phœbi : vultum sua sylva secuta
secuta estvultum. Ille, vinctus Ille, caput flavum lauro Parnasside vinctus, [est.
flavum caput Parnassidelauro, Verrit humum Tyrio saturatâ murice pallâ : 21
verrit humum palla saturata
Tyrio murice: que à lava sus Instructamque fidem gemmiset dentibus Indis
tinet fidem instructam gemmis Sustitiet á læva : tenuit manus altera plectrum.
et Indis dentibus : altera ma- Artificis status ipse fuit. Tum stamina docto
nus tenuit plectrum . Ipse fuit
status artificis . Tum solicitat Pollice solicitat : quorum dulcedine captus . 25
stamina docto pollice, dulce- Pana jubet Tmolus citharæ submittere cannis.
dine quorum Tmolus captus, Judicium sanctique placet sententia montis
jubet Pana submittere cannis Omnibus.
citharæ. Judicium que sen Arguitur tamen, atque injusta vo
tentia sancti montis placet om Unius sermone Mida. Nec Delius aures [catur
nibus. Tamen arguitur, at- Humanam stolidas patitur retinere figuram ; 30
que vocatur injusta sermone Sed trahit in spatium , villisque albentibus implet;
Midæ unius. Nec Delius pa
titur stolidas aures retinere hu- Instabilesque imo facit, et dat posse moveri.
manam ǹguram ; sed trahit in Cætera sunt hominis. Partem damnatur in unam :
spatium , que implet albentibus Induiturque aures lentè gradientis aselli.
villis ; imo facit instabiles, et Ille quidem celat, turpique onerata pudore 35
dat posse moveri. Cætera sunt
hominis. Damnatur in unam Tempora purpureis tentat velare tiaris.
partem : que induitur aures Sed, solitus longos ferro resecare capillos,
aselli gradientis lentê. Ille Viderat hoc famulus. Qui cùm nec prodere visum
quidem celat, et tentat velare Dedecus auderet, cupiens efferre sub auras ,
tempora onerata turpi pudore
purpureis tiaris. Sed famulus, Nec posset reticere tamen, secedit ; humumque
solitus resecare longos capillos Effodit : et domini quales aspexerit aures, 41
ferro, viderat hoc. Qui cùm nec auderet prodere visum dedecus, cupiens efferre sub auras,
tamen nec posset reticere, secedit ; que effodit humum : et refert parvâ voce, quales aures
domini aspexerit ; b Distinctamque lyram.

NOTES.

15. Deum pecoris.] Pan. 25. Solicitat.] He slightly touches, he strikes.

18. Delinît.] He tickles (pleases) the ears 26. Cannis.] A pipe made of reeds.
of Midas. 28. Arguitur.] He is reprehended, blamed.
Socer.] Minellius is of opinion, that we 29. Delius.] Apollo,
should read this verse, Post hunc sacer ora re 30. Stolidas aures.] Ears without any judg
torsit Tmolus ad os Phabi, that the sense may ment.
be, Tmolus sacer convertit se, audito Pane 31. Trahit.] Draws out.
ore et vultu ad canentem Phœbum . 32. Instabilesque.] Moveable, as asses ears
20. Parnasside. ] With Parnassian, with are.Dat posse, &c.] He gives them the
which Parnassus abounds.- Vinctus.] Hav power of moving ofthemselves. r
ing his yellow hairs crowned. 34. Lenté gradientis. ] Moving slowly.
21. Verrit.] The poet intimates, that the 35. Ille.] Midas.
1 robe of Apollo flowed on the ground. 36. Velare. ] To conceal and hide.
Tyrio murice.] Of Tyrian purple. Tiaris.] Turbans ; coverings for the head,
Palla ] A garment, having a long train. -worn by Eastern kings.
22. Instructamque.] Adorned, 37. Ferro ] With a pair of scissars. A
Dentibus Indis.] With ivory, metonymy.
24. Stamina. The strings. 39, Efferre. To publish,
 FAB. V. METAMORPHOSEΩN. 401

Voce refert parvâ; terræque immurmurat haus- queimmurmurathaustæterræ.

Que obruit indicium suæ vocis
Indiciumque suæ vocis tellure regestâ [tæ. tellure regestâ ; et discedit ta
Obruit et scrobibus tacitus discedit opertis . citus scrobibus opertis. Lucus
Creber arundinibus tremulis ibi surgere lucus 45 creber tremulis arundinibus
cœpit surgere ibi ; et, ut pri
Coepit : et ut primùm pleno maturuit anno, mùm maturuit pleno anno,
Prodidit a agricolam. Leni nam motus ab Austro prodidit agricolam. Nam mo
Obruta
2. verba refert ; dominique coarguit aures. tus ab leni Austro refert obruta
Ultus abit Tmolo ; liquidumque per aëra vectus verba, que coarguit aures do
Angustum circa pontum Nepheleidos Helles 50 mini. Latoïus ultus abit Tmo
lo que vectus per liquidum
Laomedonteis Latoïus adstitit arvis. aëra circa angustum pontum
Dexterea Sigæi, Rhætæi læva profundi Nepheleidos Helles, adstitit
Laomedonteis arvis. Vetus ara
Ara Panomphæo vetus est sacrata Tonanti.
sacrata est Panomphæo To
Indè novæ primùm moliri monia Troja nanti, dextera Sigæi, læva pro
Laomedonta videt ; susceptaque magna labore fundi Rhæti . Indè videt Lao
Crescere difficili ; nec opes exposcere parvas. 56 medonta primùmmoliri mœnią
Cumque Tridentigero tumidi genitore profundi novæ Troja, susceptaque mag
Mortalem induitur formam ; Phrygioque tyranno na crescere difficili labore ; neç
exposcereparvas opes. Que in
Edificant muros, pacto pro moenibus auro. duitur mortalem formam cum
Stabat opus : pretium rex inficiatur ; et addit Tridentigero genitore timidi
profundi ; que ædificant muros
Perfidiæ cumulum falsis perjuria verbis.
Phrygio tyranno auro pacto
Non impunè feres, rector maris inquit : et omnes pro moenibus . Opus stabat ; rex
Inclinavit aquas ad avaræ littora Troja. inficiatur pretium ; et addit'cu
Inque freti formam terras convertit ; opesque mulum perfidiæ perjuria falsis
verbis. Rector maris inquit,
Abstulit agricolis : et fluctibus obruit arva. 65 Non feres impunè, et inclinavit
Poena neque hæc satis est : Regis quoque filia omnes aquas ad littora avaræ
monstro [tam Troja. Que convertit terras
formam freti, que abstulit
Poscitur æquoro. Quam dura ad saxa revinc in
opes agricolis ; et obruit arva
Vindicat Alcides: promissaque manera, dictos fluctibus. Neque hæcpœna est
satis : quoque filia regis poscitur æquoreo monstro. Quam Alcides vindicat revinctam ad
dura saxa : que poscit promissa munera, dictos a arcanum.
E

NOTES.

41. Voce parvâ. ] With a whisper. the right hand, and the Rhætæan on the left.
Hausta.] Hollow. 53. Panomphæo.] To Jupiter, so called.
43. Regestâ.] Being thrown in again. because he was worshipped by the voices of
5 44. Opertis scrobibus.] The hole being all men, of Tav and our,orbecause he hears
filled again. the voice of all men.
47. Prodidit agricolam .] Made known him 55. Suscepta, &c.] Begun with great la
who had made that hole. bour.
48. Obruta verba.] The words buried there. 57. Tridentigero.] With Neptune.
Dominique, &c.] Shewed plainly that the 58. Phrygio tyranno. Laomedon.
ears of Midas were ass's ears. 60. Stabat ] Was erected, was finished.
50. Pontum Nepheleidos.] Ofthe daughter Rex.] Laomedon.
of Nephele. Helle was the daughter of Atha Inficiatur.] Denies, refuses to pay ; for in
mas and Nephele, and the sister of Phryxus. ficiari, or inficias ire, is to deny.
She was drowned in the sea called the Helle 62. Rector maris.] Neptune.
spont. 67. Æquoreo monstro.] A sea-monster.
51. Latoïus.] Apollo, the son ofLatona. 68. Vindicat.] Sets her at liberty, delivers
Arvis Laomedonteis. ] The fields of Troy. her.-Dictos.] They bargained for ,the pro
52. Dextera.] An altar dedicated to Jupiter mised horses ; for Hercules had agreed with
Panomphæus, was situated between the two him for these horses that were of the breed of
promontories of Troy, having the Sigean on the horses of the Sun..
Fff
402 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XI.

equos ; que mercede tanti ope- Poscit equos : tantique operis mercede negatâ
ris negatâ, bis capit perjura Bis perjura capit superata moenia Trojæ. 70
monia superata Troja. Nec
Telamon pars militiæ recessit Nec pars militiæ Telamon sinè honore recessit :
sinè honore : que potitur He- Hesioneque datâ potitur. Nam conjuge Peleus
sione data. Nam Peleus erat Clarus erat Divâ. Nec avi magis ille superbit
clarus diva conjuge, nec ille
superbit magis nomine avi Nomine, quàm soceri, siquidem Jovis esse ne
quam soceri, siquidem haud poti 74
contigit uni esse nepoti Jovis : Contigit haud uni : conjux Dea contigit uni.
Dea conjux contigit uni.
NOTES
70. Bis perjura.] For Laomedon had twice for his wife.
violated his oath : first, in not paying Neptune 73. Diva.] Thetis, by whom Peleus had
and Apollo their wages for building the walls Achilles.---Avi.] Of Jupiter,
of Troy ; and next Hercules, who set his 74. Soceri.] Of Nereus ; for Thetis was
daughter Hesione at liberty. From hence the daughter of Nereus.—Siquidem, &c.] For
Horace calls it Perjuram Domum. many were the grandsons of Jupiter.
71. Telamon.] Son of Eacus, who begat 75. Conjux, &c. ] To have a goddess for a
Teucer by Hesione, daughter of Laomedon. wife, happened only to Peleus. This cannot
72. Peleus.] The brother of Telamon, the be true, unless Venus is considered as the
son of acus, and grandson of Jupiter, was concubine of Anchises, as she was the wife
the only man that merited to have a goddess of Vulcan.

EXP. FAB. IV. V. & vr. Midas is said to be the son of Gordius and Cy
bele ; to be possessed of great riches, and a perfect economist ; so much
so, that whatever he touched is said to have been turned into gold ; and to
express his fondness for wine, he is introduced into the company of Bac
chus, whom it is said he honoured with a particular worship. Others will
have it that Midas was the first that discovered gold in the river Pactolus,
and thence the foundation of the Fable. Strabo says he possessed the
mines in Mount Bermius. In his infancy, some ants were observed to put
grains of wheat into his mouth as he lay in his cradle, a circumstance por
tending the riches and frugality of his future day. His approbation of
Pan's abilities, in preference of Apollo's, shews that he was stupidly igno
rant in other matters, (no uncommon lot ) and highly merited the mark
set upon him .
Laomedon, who reigned in Troy, was the first prince who undertook
the enclosing that city with a wall, which he executed with such success,
that it was said to be done by Apollo ; and the strong banks which he was
under the necessity of raising to keep out the sea, were considered as the
work of Neptune on their being ruined by a great tempest, it was re
ported the God of the Sea had revenged himself of Laomedon, for refusing
him the gratuity agreed upon for the undertaking. Herodotus says, he
was permitted to use the treasure of the Temple of Neptune, on a promise
of returning it when in his power, which he never performed ; and to ap
pease the God, the oracle declared it was necessary to expose a virgin of
the royal blood to the fury of a monster, which by lot fell upon Hesione,
whose delivery was undertaken by Hercules, on a promise of a set of
horses, which was not complied with, on which he plundered his city,
killed Laomedon, and gave his kingdom to his son Podarces, who took
the name of Priam. Hercules carried off Hesione and gave her in mar
riage to his friend Telamon, who had assisted him in the enterprise. But
laying the marvellous aside, the Fable is easily explained . Bythe Monster
we are to understand the inundation that broke from the sea, against which
the Trojans were obliged to raise banks ; and Hesione was the offered
reward of him who should best succeed in the work. The six Horses
 FAB. X. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 403

which were the demand of Hercules, were six vessels, as it may well be
supposed the hero would not have engaged in so long and difficult a work
for so trifling a gratuity. This event is said to have happened 55 yearş
before the destruction of Troy.

FAB. VII. VIII. & IX. THETIS NŸMPHA IN VARIAS FORMAS. DEDALION
IN VOLUCREM. LUPUS IN SAXUM.

Proteus foretells that Thetis should have a Son who would be more powerful
than his father, and exceed him in valour. Jupiter, who was in Love with
her, alarmed by this Prediction, yields her to Peleus. The Goddess flies
his Addresses, by turning herself into various Shapes, till by the Advice
of Proteus, he holds her fast, marries her, and has Achilles by her. Pe
\/
leus goes afterwards to Ceyx, king of Trachinią, to expiate the Death of
his Brother Phocus, whom he had killed . Ceyx is in a deep Melancholy,
and relates to him how his Brother Dædalion, in the Transports of his
Grief for his Daughter Chione, who had been killed for vying with Diana,
had been transformed into an Hawk. During this Relation, Peleus is
informed that a Wolf, Psamathe had sent to revenge Phocus's Death, is
making havock of his Herds. He endeavours to avert the Goddess's
Anger ; but she is deaf to all his Prayers, till by Thetis's Intercession
she is appeased, and turns the Wolf into a Stone.

Proteus dix- .
NAMQUE fenex Thetidi Proteus, a Dea, eratNamque Thetidi,senex
Dea undæ conci
dixerat, undæ ,
pe; eris materjuveni, qui vin
Concipe : mater eris juveni, qui fortibus actis cet açta patris fortibus actis :
Acta patris vincet ; majorque vocabitur illo. que vocabitur major illo. Er
Ergo ne quicquam mundus Jove majus haberet, go ne mundus haberet quic
Ju
Quamvis haud tepidos sub pectore senserat ignes quam majus Jove, quamvis
piter senserat haud tepidos ig .
Jupiter, æquore Thetidis connubia vitat : 6 nes sub pectore, vitat connubia
In suaque aciden succedere vota nepotem æquorea Thetidis : que jussit
Jussit ; et amplexus in virginis ire marinæ. aciden nepotem succedere in
sua vota, et ire in amplexus
Est sinus Hæmoniæ curvos falcatus in arcus : 9 marinavirginis. EstsinusHæ
Brachia procurrunt. Ubi, si foret altior unda, moniæfalcatus in curvos arcus :
procurrunt. Ubi, si
Portus erat : summis inductum est æquor arenis. brachia
altior unda foret, erat portus :
Littus habet solidum, quod nec vestigia servet ; æquor est inductum summis
Nec remoretur iter ; nec opertum pendeat algâ. arenis. Habet solidum littus,
Myrtea sylva subest bicoloribus obsita baccis. quod nec servet vestigia ; nec
remoretur iter; nec pendeat
opertum alga. Myrtea sylva subest obsita hicolorìbus baccis,
a prædixerat udæ.

NOTES.

2. Juveni. ] To Achilles. selfwhen weary. - Falcatus in arcus,] Formed

3 Acta. Of his father Peleus.
5. Quamvis, &c.] Although Jupiter was in
love with Thetis.
Haud, &c.] Vehement (ardent) love.
7. Eaciden.] Peleus, the son of acus,
the grandson of Jupiter. Eacus was born to
Jupiter by Ægina, or Europa,
8. Virginis marina.] Of Thetis.
F 9. Est sinus Hæmoniæ.] He describes a
1 Cave in Thessaly, in which Thetis rested her.
in a curve like a sickle.
12. Brachia.] The eminences of the pro
montory.-—— -Procurrunt. ] Are stretched out
into the sea.
12. Servet.] Would retain.
13. Remoretur.] Would retard.
Pendeat. ] Suspended.
14. Myrtea sylva subest. ] A wood planted
with myrtle trees stands near it.
Obsita. ] Adorned, shaded.
404 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XI.

Est specus inmedio: factusna- Est specus in medio ; naturâ factus, an arte, 15
turâ an arte ambiguum ; tamen Ambiguum ; magis arte tamen ; quò sæpè venire
magis arte, quò, Theti nuda,
sedensfrænatodelphinesolebas Frænato Delphine sedens, Theti nuda, solebas,
sæpè venire, Illic ut jacebas Illic te Peleus, ut somno vincta jacebas,
vincta somno, Peleus occupat Occupat : et, quoniam precibus tentata repugnas,
te : et quoniamparat
tentata repug-
vim, in Vim parat, innectens ambobus colla lacertis. 20
nas precibus,
nectens colla ambobus lacertis. Quòd nisi venisses variatis sæpè figuris
Quòd nisi venisses figuris sæpè Ad solitas artes ; auso foret ille potitus. [nebat)
variatis ad solitas artes, ille fo- Sed modò tu volucris ; (volucrem tamen ille te
ret potitus auso. Sed modò tu
volucris : (tamen ille tenebat Nunc gravis arbor eras : hærebat in arbore Pe
volucrem) nunc eras gravis ar- Tertia forma fuit maculosa tigridis : illâ [leus.
bor : Peleus hærebat in arbore. Territus acides à corpore brachia solvit. 26
Tertia forma fuit maculosæ ti- Inde Deos pelagi , vino super æquora fuso,
gridis : Æacides territus illâ
solvit brachia à corpore. Indè Et pecoris fibris, et fumo thuris adorat.
adorat Deos pelagi, vino fuso Donec Carpathius medio de gurgite vates,
super æquora et fibris pecoris, acide, dixit, thalamis potiêre petitis, 30
et fumo thuris. Donec Carpa- Tu modò, cùm gelido sopita quiescet in antro,
thius vates dixit, de medio gur
gite, Æacide, potiêre petitis Ignaram laqueis vincloque innecte tenaci,
thalamis. Modò cùm sopita Nec te decipiat centum mentita figuras :
quiescet in gelido antro, tu in- Sed preme quicquid erit : dum, quod fuit antè,
necte ignaram laqueis, que te
naci vinclo. Nec mentita cen reformet. 34
tum figuras decipiat te : sed Dixerat hæc Proteus : et condidit æquore vultum,
preme quicquid erit : dum re
Admisitque suos in verba novissima fluctus.
formet quodfuit antè. Proteus
dixerat hæc : et condidit vul Pronus erat Titan, inclinatoque tenebat 37
tum æquore, admisitque suos Hesperium temone fretum: cum pulchra relicto
fluctus in novissima verba. Ti- Nereis ingreditur consueta cubilia ponto.
tan erat pronus, que tenebat Vix benè virgineos Peleus invaserat artus : 40
Hesperium fretum inclinato
temone : cùm pulchra Nereis Illa novat formas : donec sua membra teneri
ingreditur consueta cubilia Sentit : et in partes diversas brachia tendi.
ponto relicto. Peleus vix bene Tum demum ingemuit ; Neque, ait, sinè nu
invaserat virgineos artus : illa " mine vincis :
novat formas donec sentit sua
membra teneri ; et brachia tendi in diversas partes. Tum demum ingemuit : que ait, Ne
vincis sine numine :

NOTES.

17. Theti. ] An apostrophe to Thetis.
19. Occupat. ] He sets upon, seizes.
22. Ad solitas artes. To transformations
common to thee.—Auso potitus.] Had suc
ceeded in his attempt.
27. Vino, &c.] A ceremony used by those
who invoke the goddess of the sea
28. Pecoris fibris.] That is to say, he stu
died to gain the favour of the sea gods by
sacrifices.
29. Carpathius vates.] Proteus, who in
habits the Carpathian sea, called so from the
island Carpathus.
3C. Thalamis petitis.] The wished-for mar
riage.
52. Innecte.] Tie fast, bind.
53. Centum mentita figuras.] Changed into
an hundred false shapes ; a finite number for
an infinite one.
34. Preme. ] Press hard, hold fast.
Quod fuit antè, reformet. ] Till she returns
to her true shape.
56. Suos.] Into the waves of the sea.
38. Temone . ] With the chariot; a part for
the whole ; for the chariot of the Sun, when
it tends to the West, seems to go down.
39. Nereis.] Thetis, the daughter of Ne
reus.
Consueta.] Her accustomed cave.
Ponto.] In the sea.
41 , Donec, &c. ] Till she perceived she was
bound.
43: Numine.] By the assistance of the di
vinity of some gods.
 FAB. VIll. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 405

Exhibita a estque Thetis. Confessam amplec- que Thetis est exhibita. Heros
titur heros, amplectitur confessam, et poti
tur votis : que implet ingenti
Et potitur votis ; ingentique implet Achille. 45 Achille. Peleus felix et nato,
Felix et nato, felix et conjuge l'eleus : et felix conjuge ; et cui omnia
contigerant, si demas crimina
Et cui, si demus jugulati crimina Phoci,
jugulati Phoci: Tellus Trachi
Omnia contigerant. Fraterno sanguine sontem , nia accipit sontem fraterno
Expulsumque domo patria Trachinia tellus 49 sanguine, expulsumque domo
Accipit. Hic regnum sinè vi, sine cæde tenebat, patria. Hic Ceyx, satus geni
Lucifero genitore satus, patriumque nitorem tore Lucifero, que ferens nito
rem patrium ore, tenebat reg
Ore ferens Ceyx ; illo qui tempore mæstus, num sinè vi, sinè cæde; que
Dissimilisque sui, fratrem lugebat ademptum. mastus, illotempore, quedissi
Quò postquam Æacides fessus curâque viaque milis sui, lugebat ademptum
fratrem.
Venit ; et intravit, paucis comitantibus, urbem ; des fessusQuopostquam Æaci
curâque viâque ve
Quosque greges pecorum, quæ secum armen- nit, et intravit urbem paucis
ta trahebat, 56 comitantibus; reliquit quos gre
Haud procul à muris sub opacâ valle reliquit ; ges pecorum, que armenta quæ
C trahebat secum , haud procul à
Copia cùm facta est adeundi prima tyranni : muris, sub opaca valle ; cùm
Velamenta manu prætendens supplice, qui sit, prima copia adeundi tyranni
Quoque satus, memorat. Tantùm sua crimina est facta ; que prætendens ve
celat. 60 lamentasupplice manu, memo
rat qui sit, quoque satus. Tan
Mentitusque fugæ causam, petit urbe vel agro tum celatsua crimina. Menti
Se juvet. Hunc contrà placido Trachinius ore tusque causam fuga, petitjuvet
Talibus alloquitur : Mediæ quoque commoda se urbe vel agro. Trachinius
[nemus. contrà alloquitur hunc talibus:
plebi Peleu, nostra commoda patent
Nostra patent, Peleu ; nec inhospita regna te- quoque mediæ plebi ; nec tene
Adjicis huic animo, momenta potentia, clarum mus inhospita regna. Adjicis
Nomen, avumque Jovem. Nec tempora perde clarum nomen, potentia mo
menta, que Jovem avum huic
precando . [videto, animo. Nec perde tempora
Quod petis, omne feres. Tuaque hæc pro parte precando : feres omne, quod
Qualiacunque vides. Utinam meliora videres ! petis. Videto hæc pro tuâ par
Et flebat. Moveat quæ tantos causa dolores, 69 te, qualiacunquevides. Utinam
videres meliora ! et flebat. Pe
leus comitesque rogant quæ causa moveat tantos dolores.
a Exhibuitque Thetin. b mœnia.

NOTES.

44. Exhibita est.] And was turned into the
shape of Thetis, i. e. her own.
47. Phoci. ] Of his brother Phocus, slain
by him.
48. Omnia.] Conducing to happiness.
49. Trachinia tellus.] A country ofThes
saly.
51. Lucifero satus.] Ceyx was the son of
Phosphorus, i. e. Lucifer, and the husband of
Halcyone,-Nitorem.] Of Lucifer, for it is a
very bright and radiant star.
53. Dissimilisque. ] For he always before
had a cheerful countenance, but now a sor
rowful one.
Fratrem ] Dædalion, turned into a Hawk.
54. Eacides.] Peleus, the son of Eacus.
58. Tyranni. Of king Ceyx.
59. Velamenta, ] An olive branch, which
was carried by foreigners bringing peace.
60. Sua crimina ] The murder of his bro
ther Phocus.
61. Mentitusque. ] He conceals the true
cause of his flight, and relates a false one.
62. Hunc.] Peleus. •
Trachinius.] Ceyx, king of the Trachinians,
63. Mediæ plebi.] To the meanest of the
commoners.
64. Inhospita.] Inhospitable.
63. Momenta potentia, &c. ] Powerful mo
tives. By this speech Ceyx declares he was
beneficent to all.
67. Feres.] You shall have, you shall re
ceive.
68. Mejora ] Better, more happy.
 406 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XI.

Quibusille profatur : Forsitan Et Peleus comitesque rogant. Quibus ille pro

putetis hanc voluerem, quæ fatur :
vivit rapto, et terret omnes [omnes
aves, semper habuisse pennas. Forsitan hanc volucrem, rapto quæ vivît, et
[ Fuit vir et tantaest constan- Terret aves, semper pennas habuisse putetis.
tia animi, quantùm] Acer erat [ Vir fuit : et tanta est animi constantia, «“ quan
queferox bello, que paratus ad
vim, Dædalion nomine ; crea tùm]
tus illo genitore, qui vocat Au- Acer erat, belloque ferox, ad vimque paratus,
roram, que exit novissimus cœ- Nomine Dædalion ; illo genitore creatus, 75
lo. Pax est culta mihi,que cura Qui vocat Auroram, coloque novissimus exit.
tenendæ pacis, conjugiique fuit
mihi : fera bella placebant fra- Culta mihi pax est : pacis mihi cura tenendæ
tri : Virtus illius subegit reges, Conjugiique fuit : fratri fera bella placebant.
gentesque : quæ nunc mutata Illius virtus reges, gentesque subegît : 79
agitat Thisbeas columbas; Chi
one erat nata huic : quæ dota- Quæ nunc Thisbeas agitat mutata columbas.
tissima formâ, placuit mille Nata erat huic Chione : quæ dotatissima forma
procis, nubilis bis septem an- Mille procis placuit, bis septem nubilis annis.
nis. Fortè Phoebus que creatus Fortè revertentes Phoebus, Maïaque creatus,
Maïarevertentes, ille suis Del
phis, hic Cyllenæo vertice, pa- Ille suis Delphis, hic vertice Cyllenæo,
riter vidêre hanc, pariter trax- Vidêre hanc pariter, pariter traxêre calorem.85
êre calorem. Apollo differt Spem Veneris differt in tempora noctis Apollo :
spem Veneris in tempora noc Non tulit ille moras, virgâque movente soporem
tis , ille non tulit moras, que
Je tangit os virginis virgâ moven- Virginis os tangit. Tactu jacet illa potenti :
te saporem. Illa jacet potenti Vimque Dei patitur. Nox cœlum sparserat astris .
tactu : que patitur vim Dei. Phoebus anum simulat ; præceptaque gaudia su
Nox sparserat cœlum astris : Ut sua maturus complevit tempora venter ; [mit.
Phoebus simulat anum : que
sumit præcepta gaudia. Ut Alipedis de stirpe Dei versuta propago 92
venter maturus complevit sua Nascitur Autolycus, furtum ingeniosus ad omne :
tempora, Autolycus nascitur Qui facere assuêrat, patriæ non degener artis,
versuta propago de stirpe ali 95
pedis Dei, ingeniosus ad omne Candida de nigris et de candentibus atra.
furtum : qui non degener pa- Nascitur è Phoebo ( namque est enixa gemellos )
triæ artis assuerat facere, can- Carmine vocali clarus, citharâque Philammon.
dida de nigris et atra de can-¨,
dentibus. Philammon clarus vocali carmine, citharâque, nascitur è Phoebo (namque enixa
est gemellos)
a semper.

NOTES.
75. Illo genitore,] Born to the father that
is common to me: that is Lucifer, who is the
last that quits his station at the approach of
morning.
76. Novissimus ] Last of all.
77. Tenendæ ] Of preserving, maintaining.
80. Thisbeas. By way of Synecdoche, here
understand the Thisbean doves for any doves.
Thisbæ is a town of Baotia, abounding in
doves.-Agitat. ] Vexes, pursues. Forhawks
do very much harrass doves.
81. Chione. ] Who perhaps had his name
from , snow.
83. Maïaque creatus. ] Mercury.
84. Ille.] Phabus.
Delphis.] sc. Revertens. -Hic.] Mercury.
Vertice Cyllenæo.] From Cyllene, a moun
tain of Arcadia, where Mercury is supposed
to have been born,
85. Hanc.] Chione.
Traxêre calorem. ] They both fell in love
with her at the same time.
87. Tulit.] He did not bear.- Ille. ] Mer
cury.
Movente soporem.] Causing sleep.
88. Virginis.] Of Chione.
89. Dei.] Of Mercury.
90. Phoebus. ] The gods and goddesses,
when they would not be known, put on the
form of old women.
92. Alipedis. ] Of Mercury having wings
on his feet.- Versuta.] Crafty, cunning:
who knew howto change white into black.
94. Patriæ, &c.] Kanov népanos xandv
ov, like Mercury his father.
95. Candida.] This is usually said of crafty
persons.
FAB. VIII. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 407

Quid peperisse duos, et Dîs placuisse duobus; Quid prodest peperisse duos,
Et forti genitore, et progenitore Tonanti [ tis ? et placuisse duobus Dis ; et
esse satam forti genitore, et,
Esse satam prodest? An obestquoque gloria mul Tonanti progenitore? an glo
Obfuit huic certè, quæ se præferre Dianæ 101 ria quoque obe t multis ? certè
Sustinuit ; faciemque Dea culpavit. At illi obfuit huic, quæ sustinuit præ
Ira ferox mota est : Factisque placebimus, inquit. ferre se Dianæ, que culpavit
faciem Deæ. At ferox ira est
Nec mora; curvavit cornu : nervoque sagittam mota illi, que inquit, placebi
Impulit ; et meritam trajecit arundine linguam, mus factis. Nec mora : cur
vavit cornu, que impulit sagit
Lingua tacet : nec vox tentataque verba sé tam nervo, et trajecit meritara
quuntur : 100 linguam arundine. Lingua
Conantemque loqui cum sanguine vita reliquit. tacet : nec vox que tentata
Quem (misera ô pietas! ) ego tum patruoque do- verba sequuntur : que vita
cum sanguine reliquit conan
Corde tuli, fratrique pio solatia dixi : [ lorem tem loqui. Quem (ô misera
Quæ pater haud aliter, quám cautes murmura pietas ! ) dolorem ego tum tuli
Ponti, 110 patruo corde, que dixi solatia
pio fratri ! Quæ pater accipit
Accipit : et natam delamentatur adeptam. haud aliter, quàm cautes mur
Ut verò ardentem vidit ; quater impetus illi mura Ponti, et deiamentatur
In medios fuit ire rogos : quater indè repulsus natam ademptam. Vero ut vi
Concita membra fugee mandat : similisque ju dit ardentem, impetus fuit illi
vencovashe quater ire in medios rogos : re
pulsus indè quater, mandat
Spicula crabronum a pressâ cervice gerenti, 115 concita membrafugæ ; que ruit
Quà via nulla, ruit. Jam tum mihi currere visus similis juvenco gerenti spicula
Plus homine est : alasque pedes sumpsisse putares. crabronum pressâ cervice, quà
est nulla via. Jam tum visus est
[ Effugit ergo omnes : veloxque cupidine lethi ] mihi currere plus homine : que
Vertice Parnassi ponitur . Miseratus Apollo, putares pedes sumpsisse alas.
Cùm se Dædalion saxo misisset ab alto, [Ergo effugit omnes, veloxque
Fecit avem, et subitis pendentem sustulit alis ; cupidine lethi] potitur vertice
Parnassi . Apollo miseratus,
Oraque adunca dedit, curvos dedit unguibus ha cùm Dædalion misisset se ab
Virtutem antiquam, majores corpore vires . [ mos , alto saxo, fecit avem, et sustulit
Et nunc accipiter, nulli satis æquus, in omnes pendentem subitis alis ; quede
Sævit aves ; aliisque dolens fit causa dolendi. 125 dit adunca ora, dedit curvos
hamos unguibus antiquam vir.
tutem, majores vires corpore. Et nunc accipiter, satis æquus nulli, sævit in omnes aves ; que
dolens, fit causa dolendi aliis. a læsâ.

NOTES.

99. Progenitore.] Of her grandfather Ju- himself into the fire.

piter, who was the father of Lucifer.
102. Illi. ] Diana.
103. Factisque.] This is a sarcasm ; as if
Diana, being angry, had said ironically, if I
can not please myself by my beauty, however,
I will by my deeds. o 119. Vertice, &c.] He goes up to the top
104. Curvavit cornu.] She bent a bow
made of horn. A metonymy.
105. Arundine.] An arrow made ofa reed.
106. Tentataque.] Which Chione endea
voured to utter -Sequuntur.] sc. Linguam.
111. Delamentatur. ] Laments greatly : as
we use deamare, to love very much.
112. Ardentem. ] Now laid upon a funeral
pile.-Impetus, &c.] He would have thrown
115. Crabronum.] Of Wasps or Hornets,
which are very troublesome to cattle.
117. Alasque ] For his transformation into
a bird was now begun.
118. Cupidine lethi. ] With a desire to die.
of Mount Parnassus.
120. Saxo.] From the rock.
121. Avem. ] i. e. an Hawk.
Subitis Sprung up of a sudden.
122. Oraque adunca. ] A crooked beak.¨
123. Majores. Larger than are fit for such
a small body. 1
124. Nullis satis æquus.] For the hawk lives
upon prey.
408 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XI

Quæ miracula dum genitus Quæ dum Lucifero genitus miracula narrat
Lucifero narrat de suo conser- De consorte suo ; cursu festinus anhelo
te ; Phocæus Anetor, custos ar
menti, advolat, festinus anhelo Advolat armenti custos Phocæus Anetor.
cursu. Ait heu Peleu, Peleu Heu Peleu, Peleu, magnæ tibi nuncius adsum
adsum tibi nuncius magna Cladis, ait ! Quodcunque ferat, jubet edere Pe
cladis ! Peleus jubet edere,
leus : 130
quodcunque ferat ; [ipse Tra
chinius heros pendet, et trepi- [ Pendet, et ipse metu trepidat Trachinius heros. ]
dat inetu.] Ille refert ; appule. Ille refert : Fessos ad littora curva juvencos
ram fessos juvencos' ad curva Sol altissimus orbe
littora, cùm Sol altissimus me Appuleram, medio cum
dio orbe respiceret tantum, Tantum respiceret, quantum superesse videret.
quantum videret superesse. Parsque boûm fulvis genua inclinârat arenis,
Pars boun inclinarat genua Latarumque jacens campos spectabat aquarum
arenis, que
fulvis campos jacens spec- Pars gradibus tardis illuc errabat, et illuc :
tabat latarum aqua
rum : pars errabat illuc et illuc Nant alii, celsoque exstant super æquora collo.
tardis gradibus : alii nant, que Templa mari subsunt, nec marmore clara, nec
exstantsuper æquora celso col auro ; -139
Jo. Templa subsunt mari, nee Sed trabibus densis, lucoque umbrosa vetusto.
clara marmore nec auro ; sed
umbrosa densis trabibus, que Nereïdes Nereusque tenent. Hos navita templi
vetusto loco. Nereïdes Nereus- Edidit esse Deos, dun retia littore siccat.
que tenent. Navita edidit hos Juncta palus huic est densis obsessa salictis,
esse Deos templi, dum siccat overflowing
retia littore. Palus est juncta Quam restagnantis fecit maris unda paludem.
huic, obsessa densis salictis, Indè fragore gravi strepitans loca proxima terret
quam unda restagnantis maris Bellua vasta lupus, sylvisque palustribus exit,
fecit paludem. Indè lupus, va- Oblitus et spumis et spisso sanguine rictus 147
stabellua, strepitans gravi stri
dore terret proxima loca, que Fulmineos ; rubrâ suffusus lumina flammâ.
exit palustribus sylvis, oblitus Qui, quanquam sævit pariter rabieque fameque,
fulmineos rictus et spumis et Acrior est rabie. Neque enim jejunia curat
spisso sanguine ; suffusus lu- Cade boûm, diramque famem satiare, sed omne
mina rubra flammâ. Qui,quan- Vulnerat armentum , steruitque hostiliteromne.
quam sævit pariter rabieque
fameque, acrior est rabie. Enim Pars quoque de nobis funesto saucia morsu,
neque curat satiare jejunia di- Dum defensamus, letho est data. Sanguine littus
ramque famem cæde boûm , sed Undaque prima rubent, demugitæque paludes. ,
vulneratomne armentum, ster
nitque omne hostiliter. Quo- Sed mora damnosa est, nec res dubitare remittit.
quepars de nobis sauciafunesto
morsu, est data letho, dum defensamus, Littusque prima unda rubent sanguine, demugitæ
que paludes. Sed mora est damnosa, nec res remittit dubitare.

NOTES

126. Lucifero genitus.] Ceyx.
127. Consorte,] His brother Dædalion.
Cursu anhelo.] Out ofbreath with running.
128. Phocæus ] Born in the country of
Phocis.
129. Peleu.] The repetition of the name is
very proper for one that gives notice of a sud⚫ stained.
den misfortune.
151. Pendent.] Is perplexed.- Trepidat ]
Trembles:-Trachinius heros. ] Ceyx.
132. Ille.] Anetor, the herdsman which
Peleus had brought to Ceyx.
136. Campos aquarum. ] The sea.
159. Subsunt.] Are hard by, are near the
sea.
142. Edidit: Said.
143. Huic.] sc. Luco (to this grove.)
Salictis,] With willows.
147. Fictus oblitus, &c.] Having his jaws
153. Funesto.] By a mortal, deadly.
154. Defensamus.]We endeavourto defend.
Letho est data.] Is killed.
155. Demugitaque.] Echo with the bel
lowings of the wounded oxen.
156. Remittit.] Does permit.
FAB . IX. METAMORPHOSEON. 409

Dum superest aliquid, cuncti coëamus, et arma, Dum aliquid superest, cuncti
Arma capessamus, conjunctaque tela feramus, coëamus, et capessamus arma,
Dixerat agrestis. a Nec Pelea damna movebant : tela. arma, que feramus conjuncta
Agrestis dixerat. Nec
Sed memor admissi, Nereïda colligit orbam 160 damna movebant Pelea : sed
Damna sui inferias extincto mittere Phoco. memoradmissi,colligitNereïda
orbam mittere inferias damna
Induere arma viros, violentaque sumere tela sui Phocoextincto. Rex Oeta
Rex jubet Oetæus ; cura quîs simul ipse parabat us jubet viros induere arma,
Ire Sed Halcyone conjux excita tumultu que sumere violenta tela, cum
Prosilit, et nondum totos ornata capillos, 165 quisipse parabat ire simul. Sed
conjux Halcyoneexcitatumul
Disjicit сc hos ipsos : colloque infusa mariti, tu prosilit, (er Gynæceo) et,
Mittat ut auxilium sinè se, verbisque precatur nondum ornata totos capillos,
Et lacrymis ; animasque duas ut servet in unâ. disjicit hos ipsos, que infusa
acides illi ; Pulchros, regina, piosque collo mariti, precatur verbis et
lachrymis ut mittat auxiliam
Pone metus: plena est promissi gratia vestri. 170 sine se, que ut servet duas ani
Non placet arma mihi contra nova monstra mas in unâ. acides ait illi,
moveri. [ris ; Regina, pone pulchros piosque
metus, gratia vestri promissi
Numen adorandum pelagi est. Erat ardua tur estplena. Non placet mihimo
Arce focus summâ ; fessis loca grata carinis. yeri arma contra nova monstra.
Adscendun t illuc, stratosque in littore tauros Numen pelagi est adorandum.
Erat ardua turris, atque focus
Cum gemitu aspiciunt, vastatoremque cruento in summâ arce, grata loca fes
Oreferum , longos infectum sanguine villos. 176 sis carinis. Illuc ascendunt que
Indè manus tendens in aperti littora ponti, aspiciunt cum gemitu tauros
Cæruleam Peleus Psamathen, ut finiat iram, ferum stratos in littore,vastatoremque
cruento ore, infectum
Orat ; opemque ferat. Nec vocibus illa rogantis longos villos sanguine. Inde
Flectitur acidæ. Thetis hanc pro conjuge tendens manus in littora aperti
supplex ponti, Peleus orat cærulean
Accepit veniam. Sed enim dirrevocatus ab acri Psamathen, utfiniat iram ; que
ferat opem. Nec illa flectitur
vocibus Æacidæ rogantis. Thetis supplex accepit hanc veniam pro conjuge. Sed enim lu«
Bus perstat irrevocatus ab acri a et. b suo. c Discìdit. d revocatus.
S
NOTES.
200 157. Arma ] An Anadiplosis, adapted to 172. Numen .] Psamathe, a scą nympk
an exhortation . whom I have bereaved of her son.
159. Agrestis.] The herdsman. Ardua turris, &c.] An high watch-tower
160. Admissi.] Of the crime committed, which gives light by night for the use of ships
his brother's murder.- Nereida.] Psamathe, 173. Fessis carinis.] For the mariners seeing
the daughter of Nereus. it, steered their ships into the port, and knew
161. Sui.] Damna sui, for sua damna. they were near land.
Mittere, &c.] To have a mind to revenge 176. Ferum.] The wolf tearing the cattle
the death of her son Phocus, by killing the of Peleus.
exen. 177. Indè.] From that tower.
163. Octaus ] Ceyx, who was before called In littora, &c.] Towards the shore.
Trachinius, from the city Trachine, which Aperti.] Ofthe sea lying open far and wide.
Hercules built in Oetæ a mountain of Thes 178 Psamathen.] The nymph, the daugh
saly. ter of Nereus, the mother of Phocus, who
"
168. In unâ.] The sequel shews, that the who was slain by Peleus.
life of Halcyone depended on the life of 180. Flectitur.] Is moved.
Ceyx, for he being drowned in the sea, she Eacida rogantis.] Of Peleus entreating,
died with grief. for she was angry with him; and therefore
169. Eacides.] Peleus, the son of acus : was not at all moyed by his prayers.
sc. inquit.- Illi.] To Halcyone. 181. Sed enim, &c. ] Butthe fierce wolfbe
Pulchros piosque. ] Commendable, as being ing unterrified, and allured bythe sweetness
for her husband's safety. of the blood, made a dreadful slaughter.
Ggg
410 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. Xh

cæde, asper dulcedine sangui- Cæde lupus perstat, dulcedine sanguinis asper ; `
nis ; donec mutavit marmore Donec inhærentem lacera cervice juvencæ
inhærentem cervice laceræ ju
vencæ. Servavit corpus, que Marmore mutavit. Corpus, præterque colorem
omnia præter colorem : color Omnia servavit : Lapidis color indicat illum
lapidis indicat illum jam non Jam nonesse lupum, jam non debere timeri. 186
esse lupum, jam non debere ti
meri. Tamen nec fata sinunt Nec tamen hâc profugum consistere Pelea terrâ
Pelea consistere hâc terrâ : sed Fata sinunt : Magnetas adit vagus exul , et illic
exul vagus adit Magnetas, et Sumit ab Hæmonio purgamina cædis Acasto,
illic sumit purgamina cadis ab
Hæmonio Acasto.

NOTES.

184. Marmore.] Into marble. 189. Hæmonio Acasto.] A king of Thes

188. Magnetas.] A people of Thessaly, saly, the son of Peleus.
famous for taming horses. Purgamina. Expiations.

EXP. FAB. VII. VIII. & IX. Thetis being exceedingly beautiful, was
greatly admired by Jupiter, but being informed by Proteus, that she would
have a son more powerful than the person who would be his father, thought
it prudent to give up his pretensions to Peleus, whose addresses the prin
cess endeavoured to elude, by changing herself into different forms ; but
by the advice of Proteus, Peleus bound her, having found her sleeping.
That is, Thetis being addressed by several princes, had no inclination to
submit to the entreaties of Peleus ; but by the interposition of friends, all
difficulties were removed, and the birth of Achilles was the consequence of
their union. In this Fable, Ovid represents Peleus as the assassin of his
brother Phocus ( notwithstanding it has been asserted he was accidentally
killed by a quoit, as they were at play ) and obliged to retire from court,
to make expiation for his brother's death in the kingdom of Trachinia, where
Ceyx reigned ; here he came acquainted with the history of Chione, the
daughter of Daedalus, who was the favourite both of Apollo and Mercury,
and is said to have borne each a son, which, perhaps, has no other founda
tion than the great difference of the dispositions of her two sons ; for Auto
lycus was a cunning crafty robber, and for his thieveries was said to bethe
son of Mercury ; the other, Philammon, a passionate lover of music, there
fore said to have Apollo for his father : but Chione, priding herself in the
dignity of her lovers, dared to prefer herself to Diana, for which the god
dess pierced her tongue with an arrow, which occasioned her death, and
was the cause of her father's throwing himself from the top of Parnassus,
when he was transformed into a Sparrow-Hawk by Apollo.
Ovid in this Fable says, that while Ceyx is relating to Peleus the occasion
of his distress, the shepherd Anetor came to acquaint him, that a Wolf, sent
bythe Nereid Psamathe, the mother of Phocus, was destroying the country,
and the flock brought by Peleus, in revenge for his entertaining the murderer
of his son, which Peleus considering in that light, endeavoured to appease
her with sacrifices, which were attended with success. The foundation of
this fable is historical. Eacus had two wives, Egina and Psamathe ; by the
first he had two sons, Peleus and Telamon ; and by the second, Phocus. Ly.
comedes, the king of Scyros and brother of Psamathe, resolved to revenge
the death of his nephew, whom Peleus had killed ; he therefore declared war
against Ceyx for entertaining Peleus in his dominions. The captain who had
the command of his troops ravaged the country, and carried off the flocks
of Peleus. Prayers and entreaties were made use of to appease Lycomedes,
 FAB. X. METAMORPHOSENN. 411
28
which had so good an effect, that he recalled his general; and to embellish
02 the event, it was reported he had been changed into a Rock. A lively figure
to shew that the progress of this commander, who had ravaged the country
like a fierce beast, was stopped on a sudden.

31 TAB. X. JUSSU JUNONIS DEUM SOMNUM ADIT IRIS. CEYX ET HALCYONE

IN AVES SUI NOMINIS.

Ceyx, going to Claros, to consult the Oracle about his Brother's Death, is
shipwrecked in the Voyage. Juno sends Iris to the God of Sleep, who, at
her desire, dispatches Morpheus to Halcyone in a Dream, to inform her of
the Death of her husband. She awakes in the Morning full of inquie
tude, goes to the Shore, and there sees Ceyx's Body thrown out of the
Waves. While she in Despair is going to cast herself into the Sea, the
Gods transform them both into King's-Fishers.

INTEREA fratrisque sui, fratremque secutis Interea Ceyx, turbatus anxia

Anxia prodigiis turbatus pectora Ceyx, pectora prodigiis sui fratris,
Consulat ut sacras hominum oblectamina sortes, que secutis fratrem, patat ire
ad Clarium Deum, ut consulat
Ad Clarium parat ire Deum : nam templa pro sacras sortes, oblectamina ho
1 fanus 4 minum : nam profanus Phor
i Invia cum Phlegyis faciebat Delphica Phorbas . bascum Phlegyisfaciebat Del
1 phica templa invia. Tamen,
Consilii tamen antè sui, fidissima , certam fidissima Halcyone, antè facit
p Te facit Halcyone. Cui protinus intima frigus te certam sui consilii. Cui
protinus intima ossa recepe
Ossa receperunt ; buxoque simillimus ora runt frigus, que pallor similli
Pallor obit : lacrym isque genæ maduêre profusis . mus buxo obit ora : que genæ
Ter conata loqui, ter fletibus ora rigavit : 10 maduêre lacrymisprofusis. Co
Singultuque pias interrumpente querelas, nata loqui ter, rigavit ora ter
Quæ mea culpa tuam, dixit, charissime , mentem fletibus: singultuque interrum
pente piasquerelas,provenientes
Vertit? ubi est, quæ cura mei prius esse solebat ? amore, dixit, Charissime, quæ
Jam potes Halcyone securus abesse relicta. mea culpavertit tuam mentein?
Jam via longa placet. Jam sum tibi charior ubi est cura mei, quæ prius so
absens. lebat esse? Jam potes securus
15
34 abesse Halcyone relictâ. Jam
longa via placet. Jam sum charior tibi absens.

NOTES.

1. Interea.] The calamities which befel the
family of Ceyx, so much disturb him, that he
is introduced as going to the oracle to know
the occasion ofthem.
Fratrisque.] Whose daughter, Chione, was
suddenly slain with an arrow of Diana.
Fratremque.] His brother turned into an
Hawk.
2. Turbatus anxia. &c. ] Having a troubled
anxious mind.
3. Sortes, &c.] To consult the oracle, which
relieves men, who are in doubt, from anxious
Cares.
4. Clarium.] The temple of Apollo at Cla
ros. Claros is a city of Ionia near Colophon ,
famous for the temple of Apollo.
Nam, &c.] Ceyx lived in Trachine in Thes
saly; robbers had infested the road to Delphos
and for that reason he goes to Claros.
Profanus.] Sacrilegious.
5. Phorbas.] Ceyx could not go to the or
acle at Delphos ; because Phorbas the Thes
salian, the son of Lapitha, attempted with the
Phlegyans, a fierce and sacrilegious people of
Thessaly, to plunder the Delphian Temple.
6. Certam facit.] Acquaints.
7. Cui, &c.] Who presently began to
tremble.
8. Receperuntfrigus.] Grew cold with fear.
9. Obit.] Seizes ( possesses.)
10. Rigavit.] Made wet, bedewed.
11. Pias.] Proceeding from a pious mind.
13. Vertit.] Hath altered or changed.
1. Securus ] Without any care of me,
412 T. OVIDII NASONI LIB. XI

At (puto) iter est carpendunt At (puto) per terras iter est, tantumque dolebo
per terras, tantumque dolebo ; Non etiam metuam ; curæque timore carebunt.
non etiam metuam ; curæque Æquora me terrent, et ponti tristis imago.
carebunt timore. Æquora ter
rent me, et tristis imago ponti. Et laceras nuper tabulas in littore vidi ;
Et nuper vidi laceras tabulas Et sæpe in tumulis sinè corpore nomina legi. 20
in littore : et sæpe legi nomina Neve tuum fallax animum fiducia tangat ;
in tumulis sine corpore. Neve
fallax fiducia tangat tuum ani- Quòd socer Hippotades tibi sit ; qui carcere fortes
mum ; quòd Hippotades sit so- Contineat ventos; et, cùm velit, æquora placet.
cer tibi : qui contineat fortes Cùm semel emissi tenuerunt æquora venti,
ventos carcere ; et cùm velit Nil illis vetitum est ; incommendataque tellus 25
placetæquora. Cùm semelven
ti emissi tenuerunt æquora, nil Omnis, et omne fretum. Cœli quoque nubila
est vetitumillis ; queomnistel vexant :
lus incommendata, et omnefre- Excutiuntque feris rutilos concursibus ignes.
tum est cura illis. Quoquevex- Quo magis hos novi, (nam novi, et sæpe paternå
ant nubila cœli, excutiuntque
rutilos ignes feris concursibus. Parva domo vidi ) magis hôc reor esse timendos.
Quo magis novi hos (nam no- Quòd tua si flecti precibus sententia nullis 30
vi, et sæpe vidi parva in pater- Chare, potest, conjux ; nimiumque es certuš
nâ domo) hôc magis reor esse eundi ;
timendos. Quòd, chare conjux,
si tua sententia potest flecti Me quoque tolle simul. Certè jactabimur unà :
nullis precibus, que es nimium Nee, nisi quæ patiar, metuam : pariterque fere
certus eundi ; tolle me quoque mus
simul. Certè jactabimur unà. [mur
Nec metuam nisi quæ patiar: Quicquid erit : pariter super æquora lata fere
que feremus pariter, quicquid Talibus Eolidos dictis lachrymisque movetur
erit; que feremur pariter super Sidereus conjux : neque enim minor ignis in
lata æquora. Sidereus conjux
movetur talibus dictis que la ipso est. 36
chrymis Eolidos : neque enim Sed neque propositos pelagi dimittere cursus ,
minor ignis estinipso. Sed ne- Nec vult Halcyonem in partem adhibere pericli :
que vult ditnittere propositos Multaque respondit timidum solantia pectus.
cursus pelagi, nec adhuc adhi
bere Halcyonem inpartem pe Nec tamen idcirco causam probat. Addidit illis
ricli : que respondit multa so- Hoc quoque lenimen, quo solo flexit amantem.
lantia timidum pectus. Nec
tamen idcirco probat causam, quà uxori persuadeat, ut se discedere permittat. Addidit que
que hoc lenimen illis, quo solo flexit amantem.

NOTES.

16. At puto, &c.] As much as to say, You ,
are not going a journey by land ; I shall not
only grieve for your absence, but be in fear
too, for your being exposed to the dangers of
the sea.
18. Tristis imago.] The rough surface of
the sea.
20. Tumulis.] On the sepulchral stones.
Sine corpore. ] For the sepulchres were Ce
notaphs ; i e. empty graves.
22. Hippotades.] Eolus, the grandson of
Trojan Hippota, was the son of Jupiter, by
Sefesta, the daughter of Hippota,
23. Placet. ] Assuages.
25. Incommendata.] Not recommended,
therefore not respected, as here, i. e. neither
land nor sea is regarded by them.
Tellus omnis.] The whole orb of the earth
is shaken by those winds.
27. Rutilos ignes. ] The thunderbolts.
28. Paternâ domó ] For Halcyone was the
daughter of Eolus, and married to Ceyx.
30. Flecti. ] To be moved.
35. Æolidos.] Of his wife Halcyone, the
daughter of Eolus.
36. Sidereus conjux. ] Ceyx, the son ofthe
star Lucifer. - -Ignis.] Love.
37. Dimittere, &c.] Lay aside his intended
voyage.
40. Nec tamen, &c.] Yet he cannot make
good his cause ; i. e. he cannot convince her
that he has anyjust occasion to go, and leave
her at home.
 FAB. X. METAMORPHOSEON. 413

Longa quidem nobis omnis mora : sed tibi juro Quidem omnis mora est longa
Per patrios ignes ( si me modò fata remittent) nobis : sed juro tibi per patriosa
Antè reversurum, quàm Luna bis impleat orbem. ignes (si modo fata remittent
me) reversurum, antequam lu
His ubi promissis spes est admota recursûs ; 45 na impleat orbem bis. Ubi
Protinùs eductam navalibus æquore tingi, spes recursûs est admota his
promissis ; protinùs jubet pi
Aptarique a suis pinum jubet armamentis. num eductam navalibus tingi
Quâ rursus visâ, veluti præsaga futuri , æquore aptarique suis arma
Horruit Halcyone : lachrymasque emisit obortas : mentis. Quâ visâ, rursus
Amplexusque dedit ; tristique miserrima tandem Halcyone, veluti præsaga fu
Ore, Vale, dixit : collapsaque corpore tota est, turi, horruit ; et emisit lachry
mas obortas que dedit an
Ast juvenes, quærente moras Ceyce, reducunt plexus, que tandem miserrima
Ordinibus geminis ad fortia pectora remos : dixit tristi ore, Vale : que tota
Equalique ictu scindunt freta. Sustulit illa 54 est collapsa corpore. Ast ju
Humentes oculos ; stantemque in puppe recurvâ, venes, Ceyce quærente moras,
reducant remos geminis ordi
Concussâque manu dantem sibi signa maritum nibus ad fortia pectora ; que
Prima videt: redditque notas. Ubi terra recessit scindunt freta æquali ictu. Illa
Longiùs, atque oculi nequeunt cognoscere vultus ; sustulit humentes oculos, que
Dum licet, insequitur fugientem lumine pinum. prima vidit maritum stantem
in recurvâ puppe, que dantem
Hæc quoque ut haud poterat spatio submota vi- signa sibi concussa manu; red
Vela tamen spectat summo fluitantia malo. [ deri ; ditque notas. Ubi terra reces
Ut nec vela videt ; vacuum petit anxia lectum ; sit longius, atque oculi neque
unt cognoscere vultus ; dum
Seque toro ponit. Renovat lectusque locusque licet, insequitur fugientem pi
Halcyonæ lachrymas : et quæ pars admonet num lumine. Quoquehæc, ut
absit. submota spatio haud poterat
Portubus exierant ; et moverat aura rudentes ; videri ; tamen spectat vela flui
tantia summo malo. Ut nec
Obvertit lateri pendentes navita remos ; 66 videt vela ; anxia petitvacuu
lectum : que ponit se toro.
Lectusque locusque renovat lachrymas Halcyona ; et admonet pars quæ absit. Exierant
portubus ; et aura moverat rudentes ; et navita obvertit remos pendentes lateri ;
« Ornarique.
!

NOTES.

43. Patrios ignes. ] By the bright star Lu
eifer, which is my father.
44. Antè quàm, &c. ] Before two months
shall be past.-Reversurum.] scil. me.
45. Recursûs.] Of a quick return .
46. Æquore tingi.] To be launched into
the sea.
47. Pinum.] The ship made of pine-tree :
a metonymy.
48. Veluti, &c.] As ifsensible before hand
of some future calamity.
51. Collapsa, &c. ] She fell on the ground
in a swoon.
52. Quærente moras.] Being affected by
his wife's tears, he departs with reluctance.
53. Ordinibus geminis.] It was atwo-oared
boat. -Ad fortia, &c.] He expresses the
gesture of the rowers.
54. Æquali, &c. ] For so the art of rowing
requires.Illa.] Halcyone.
57. Prima.] scil. signa; shesees himwaving
his hand to her first, and then she returns the
same sign, reddit notas,
Terra recessit.] To those that are under
sail, the land seems to move, and they them
selves to stand still.
59. Licet. ] She is able, (she can.)
Lumine.] With her eyes.
61. Fluitantia.] Waving.
62. Vacuum.] Empty, solitary : for Ceys
was gone.
64. Et quæ, &c.] Et admonet, quæpars at
sit, i. e. admonet illam de parte, quæ absit, a
Græcism, where the antecedent is omitted in
the preceding, and expressed in the relative
clause.Quæ pars.] For her husband, her
better part, was absent.
65. Portubus exierant.] They had gotten
"Y
out of the port.- Aura.] The wind.
Rudentes.] The ropes and cables of the
ships are said rudere, i. e. to bray, on account
ofthe noise which they made, being agitated
by the wind. To bray, properly belongs to
asses,
66. Obvertit lateri.] Turns the oars across
the side of the ship, i. ej he puts out the par
 414 P. OVIDII NASONIS · LIB. XI.

que locat cornua in summâ Cornuaque in summâ locat arbore; totaque malo
arbore ; que deducit tota car- Carbasa deducit, venientesque accipit auras.
basa malo, que accipit venien
tes auras. Aut minus, aut Aut minus, aut certè medium non amplius æquor
certè medium æquor non am- Puppe secabatur ; longeque erat utraque tellus ;
plius, secabatur puppe ; que Cùm mare sub noctem tumidis albescere cœpit
utraque tellus erat longe ; cùm
mare cœpit albescere tumidis Fluctibus ; et præceps spirare valentiùs Eurus.
Huctibus sub noctem ; et pre- Ardua, jamdudum, demittite cornua, rector
ceps Eurus spirare valentiùs. Clamat ; et antennis totum subnectite velum .
Rector clamat jamdudum, de- Hic jubet ; impediunt adversæ jussa procellæ ;
mittite ardua cornua ; et sub
nectite totum velum antennis. Nec sinit audiri vocem fragor æquoris ullam. 76
Hic jubet ; adversæ procella Sponte tamen properant alii subducere remos ;
impediunt jussa ; nec fragor Pars munire latus ; pars ventis vela negare.
æquoris sinit ullam vocem au
diri. Tamen alii properant Egerit hic fluctus; æquorque refundit in æquor:
sponte subducere remos ; pars Hic rapit antennas. Quæ dum sinè lege geruntur ;
munire latus : pars negare vela Aspera crescit hyems ; omnique è parte feroces
ventis. Hic egerit fluctus : Bella gerunt venti ; fretaque indignantia miscent.
que refundit æquor in æquor :
hie rapit antennas. Quæ dum Ipse pavet ; nec se, qui sit status, ipse fatetur
geruntur sine lege, aspera hy- Scire ratis rector ; nec quid jubeatve, vetetve ;
ems crescit, que feroces venti Tanta mali moles, totaque potentior arte est.
gerunt bella è omni parte, que Quippe sonant clamore viri, stridore rudentes,
miscent indignantia freta. Ip
se rector ratis pavet, ipse fate- Undarum incursu gravis unda, tonitrubusæther.
tur se nec scire qui sit status, Fluctibus erigitur, cœlumque æquare videtur
nec quid jubeatve, vetetve. Pontus ; et inductas aspergine a tangere nubes.
Moles mali est tanta, que po
tentior totâ arte. Quippe viri
sonant clamore, rudentes stridore, gravis unda incursu undarum, æther tonitrubus. Pontus
erigitur fluctibus, que videtur æquare cœlum : et tangere inductas nubes aspergine.
a tingere.

NOTES. "

to prepare for rowing : and ver. 77, when the
storm came on, they drew them in, subduce
bant remos.
67. Cornuaque.] The yards of the sails.
Locat in summâ arbore.] He places and
disposes on the top ofthe mast. This is com
monly done when the wind blows right, and
a fresh gale. -Malo. ] The mast.
68. Carbasa. ] The sails.
Deducit.] He spreads, unfurls.
70. Utraque.] Both that which Ceyx had
ailed from, and which he was sailing to. *
71. Sub.] About, a little before.
Albescere.] To become white, which is a
sign of an approaching storm.
72. Præceps.] Violent.
Valentiùs. More violently.
73. Ardua.] High.
75. Procellæ.] The force ofthe wind. Pro
ella is a gust of wind with rain, so called,
because percellit, i. e. it shakes all things.
76. Fragor ] The noise.
78. Munire latus.] The oars were thrust
through port-holes in the side of the ship :
7 when they were drawn in, it was necessary to
secure these port-holes, so that the ses should
He kept out, that is, muniebant latus,
Ventis vela negare.] To furl the sails.
79. Egerit.] From egero, is, egessi. Throws
out. Here follows an elegant description of
a storm .
80. Sine lege.] Without order.
81. Hyems.] The storm.
Omnique è parte.] Erom every part, from
thefour quarters of the world, from the East,
West, North, and South.
82. Venti, &c.] He had said the samething
in another place in other words: Nunc Notus
adversa præliafronte gerit.
Indignantia.] Swelling.
Miscent. ] Confound, cause a tumult.
83. Nec se, &c.] The pilot declares that he
does not know what condition they are in, or
what directions to give.
85. Mali moles. The weight, the greatness
ofthe storm.
86. Quippe, &c.] For they make a noise.
Quippe sopant, &c. ] The Latin poets are
fond of the letters (s) and (r) in the descrip.
tion of a storm : the reason is obvious.
87. Incursu.] By the beating.
88. Erigitur.] Is lifted up, ascends.
89. Aspergine.] By the sprinkling, or the
spray of the cca.
FAB. X. METAMORPHOSEON. 415

Et modò cùm fulvas ex imo verrit arenas. 90 Et modò cùmverrit fulvas are
Concolor est illis : Stygiâ modò nigrior undâ ; nas ex imo, est concolor illis;
modò nigrior Stygiâ undâ : in
Sternitur interdum, spumisque sonantibus albet. terdum sternitur, que albet so
Ipsa quoquehis agitur vicibus Trachinia puppis : nantibus spumis. Ipsa Trachi
Et modò sublimis veluti de vertice montis [tur. nia puppis quoque agitur his
Despicere in valles, imumque Acheronta, vide- vicibus : et modò sublimis vi
Nune, ubi demissam curvum circumstetit æquor, ti detur despicere in valles, velu
de vertice montis, imumque
Suspicere inferno summum de gurgite cœlum. Acheronta. Nunc ubi curvum
Sæpè dat ingentem fluctu latus icta fragorem : æquor circumstetit demissam,
suspicere summum cœlum de
Nec leviùs pulsata sonat, quàm ferreus olim
inferno gurgite. Sæpè latusic
Cùm laceras aries balistave concutit arces, 100 ta fluctu dat ingentem frago
Utque solent, sumptis incursu viribus, ire rem: nec pulsata sonat leviùs,
Pectore in arma feri, protentaque tela leones : quàm olim ferreus aries, balis
tave cùm concutit laceras arces.
Sic ubi se ventis admiserat unda coortis,
Utque feri leones, viribus
Ibat in arma ratis ; multoque erat altior illis. sumptis incursu, solent ire in
Jamque labant cunei, spoliataque tegmine ceræ armapectore, protentaque tela,
Rima patet ; præbetque viam lethalibus undis, sic ubi unda admiserat seventis
coortis, ibat in arma ratis, que
Ecce cadunt largi resolutis nubibus imbres : erat altior illis multo. Jam cu
6 Inque fretum credas totum descendere cœlum : nei labant, que rimapatet spo
Inque plagas cœli tumefactum ascendere pontum, liata tegmine cera ; præbetque
Vela madent nimbis ; et cum cœlestibus undis viam lethalibus undis. Ecce
largi imbres cadunt nubibus
Æquoreæ miscentur aquæ. Caret ignibus æther ; resolutis : que credas totum cœ
Cacaque nox premitur tenebris hyemisque lum descendere in fretum : que
suisque. [men pontum tumefactum ascendere
Discutiunt tamen has, præbentque micantia lu- in plagas cœli. Vela madent
nimbis ; et æquoréæ aquæ mis
Fulmina ; fulmineis a ardescunt ignibus undæ. centur cum coelestibus undis.
Dat quoque jam saltus intrà cava texta carinæ Æther caret ignibus, cæcaque
Fluctus : et, ut miles muñero præstantior omni, nox premitur tenebris hyemis
Cum sæpe assiluit defensæ moenibus urbis, 117 que suisque. Tamen micantia
fulmina discutiunt has, præ
Spe potitur tandem ; laudisque accensus amore bentque lumen : undæ ardes
cunt fulmineis ignibus. Quo
que jam fluctus dat saltus intrà cava texta carinæ ; et, ut miles præstantior omni numero, cùm
sæpè assiluit moenibus defensæ urbis, tandem potitur spe ; que accensus amore laudis
a candescunt,

NOTES.
2
91. Concolor.] Is ofthe same colour as the
sand itself.
92. Sternitur.] It is spread smooth.
93. Agitur.] Is agitated, tossed.
Vicibus.] By turns, at times.
95. Despicere.] To look down.
Imumque Acheronta. ] The infernal regions.
Acheron is one of the rivers of hell.
96. Curvum æquor. The hollowed deep.
97. Suspicere.] To look upward.
98. Latus icta.] The wave beating against
the side of the ship.
99. Pulsata. ] Being struck.
2 100. Aries. ] A warlike instrument with
which the Romans used to beat down walls ;
a battering ram. -Balistave.] Also a war
Hike instrument for slinging stonas,
101. Incursu.] With a force,
102. Protenta.] Stretched out.
104. Arma ] The rigging of a ship.
105. Cunci.] The pins with which the
planks ofthe ships were fastened together.
Cera.] Of the pitch.
106. Lethalibus.] Fatal, drowning waters.
112. Cæcaque.] Obscure, dark.
115. Discutiunt. ] Dispel. ?
114. Ardescunt. ] Blaze.
115. Intrà cava, &c.] Within the hold of
the ship. - Texta.] The ribs ; so called from
tero ; for they are interwoven.
116. Numero. ] Than the whole army.
117. Defensa.] Defended during a siege.
117. Mœnibus assiluit. ] Scaled the walls,
assaulted.
118. Spe, &c.] At last obtains his desire,
and gets into the city.
416 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XI. ||

tamen unus occupat murum Inter mille viros, murum tamen occupat unus :
inter mille viros : sic ubi acres Sic ubi pulsârunt acres latera ardua fluctus, 120
fluctus pulsârunt ardua latera,
impetus decimæ undæ insur Vastiùs insurgens decimæ ruit impetus undæ :
gens ruit vastiùs : nec priùs ab- Nec priùs absistit fessam oppugnare carinam,
sistit oppugnare fessam cari- Quàm velut in captæ descendat mænia navis.
nam, quàm descendat in monia
navis velut captæ. Igitur pars Pars igitur tentabat adhuc invadere pinum ;
tentabat adhuc invadere pi- Pars maris intus erat. Trepidant haud a segniùs
um; pars maris erat intus. omnes, 125
Omnestrepidanthaud segniùs,
quàm urbs solet trepidare aliis Quàm solet urbs, aliis murum fodientibus extrâ,
fodientibus murum extrà, at- Atque aliis murum, trepidare, tenentibus intus.
que aliis tenentibus intus. Ars Deficit ars ; animique cadunt : totidemque vi
deficit ; animique cadunt, toti dentur, [ mortes.
demque mortes videntur ruere
atque irrumpere, quot fluctus Quot veniunt fluctus, ruere atque irrumpere
veniunt. Hic non tenet lacry- Non tenet hic lacrymas : stupet hic : vocat ille
mas: hic stupet ; ille vocar eos beatos,
beatos, quosNumen
bic adorat ; que Funera quos maneant: hic votis Numen adorat :
maneant;
funeravotis
tollens irrita brachia ad cœ- Brachiaque ad coelum, quod non videt, irrita
lum, quod non videt, poscit come into his mind
tollens 132
opem ; fratresque parensque Poscit opem ; subeunt illi fratresque parensque;
subeunt illi ; domus cum pig
noribus huic, et quod est relic- Huic cum pignoribus domus, et quod cuique
tum cuique. Halcyone movet relictum est.
Ceyca ; nulla nisi Halcyone est Halcyone Ceyca movet : Ceycis in ore 135
in ore Ceycis ; et, cùm deside- Nulla nisi Halcyone est : et, cùm desideret unam,
retunam, tamen gaudet abesse.
Quoquevellet respicere ad oras. Gaudet abesse tamen. Patriæ quoque vellet ad
patriæ, que vertere supremos oras [tus ;
vultus in domum. Verùm nes- Respicere, inque domum supremos vertere vul
cit ubi sit. Pontusfervet tantâ
vertigine; et omne cœlum latet Verùm ubi sit nescit. Tantâ vertigine pontus
mbrâinductâ èpiceis nubibus. Fervet: et inductâ piceis è nubibus umbrâ 140
a secius . b montes,

NOTES.

121. Vastius.] More forcible or violent.
Decimæ.] The tenth wave was fancied to
be the largest ; for the number ten completes
the series of units ; and from it flows all other
numeration in a decuple progression : deci
mus therefore signifies not only the tenth but
the greatest ; and hence also Porta decumana,
the largest gate in the Roman camp.
122. Absistit.] Leaves off, ceases.
123. Vélut, &c.] A similitude borrowed
from cities that are taken by storm. It signi
fies the wave had made a breach in the ship.
124. Pinum. ] The ship of pine.
125. Trepidant.] Are in fear, tremble.
Haud, &c.] No less . By a fine similitude
he expresses the fright of mariners in a storm.
127. Tenentibus. ] Defending.
128. Deficit ars.] Art gives place to the
storm, being no longer able to resist it.
130. Non tenet, &c.] One weeps, another
seems stupefied, &c.- Ille. ] A third.
131. Funera.] Who were not deprived of
the honour of a burial. For the ancients ac
counted the fate of those that perished by
shipwreck to be most unhappy, if their bo
dies were not buried, and had not funeral
rites performed to them ; for they thought,
while their bodies were unburied, or floated
on the sea, their souls were compelled to
wander about the lake of Avernus, or on the
Banks of Styx.
Hic, &c.] One makes vows to the gods.
It was the custom of men when they were
destitute of all hope, to betake themselves to
prayers and vows ; to lift up their hands to
heaven.
133. Subeunt.] Come into the mind.
134. Pignoribus.] His children.
159. Vertigine.] Rolling about in whirl
pools.
140. Fervet.] Is troubled.
Piceis. ] With black, gloomy.
FAB . X. METAMORPHOSEON. 417

Omne latet coelum : duplicataque noctis imago que imago noctis estduplicata.
Frangitur incursu nimbosi turbinis arbos : [ est. bosiArbos frangitur
turbinis incursu fran
: et regimen nim
Frangitur et regimen : spoliisque animosa su- gitur: que unda animosavelut
perstans 143 victrix spoliis, superstans des
Unda, velut victrix, sinuatas despicit undas. picit sinuatas undas. Ruit præ
Nec leviùs, quam siquis Athon Pindumve revul cipitata, nec leviùs impulsum
ventis, quam si quis evertit
Sede suâ totos in apertum everterit æquor, [sos Athon, Pindumve totos revul
Præcipitata ruit : pariterque et pondere et ietu, sos suâ sede in apertum æquor :
Mergit in ima ratem . Cum quâ pars magna que mergit ratem in ima, pari
virorum, ter et pondere et ictu. Cum
quâmagna pars virorum, pres
Gurgite pressa gravi, nequein aëra reddita, fato sa gravi gurgite, functa est suo
Functa suo est. Alii partes et membra carinæ fato, neque reddita in aëra.
Trunca tenent . Tenet ipsa manu , quâ sceptra Alii tenent partes et trunca
membra carinæ. Ceyx ipse te
solebat, [que net manu fragmina navigii,quâ
Fragmina navigii Ceyx : socerumque patrem- solebat sceptra, que invocat
Invocat (heu ! ) frustrà . Sed plurima nantis in ore (heu ! ) frustrà socerumque pa
Halcyone conjux. Illam meminitque refertque ; pluri tremqma oreconju
ue.inSed x Halcy
nantis. Mem one
i
Illius ante oculos ut agant sua corpora fluctus, nitqué, refertque illam : optat
Optat ; et exanimis manibus tumuletur amicis. ut fluctus agant sua corpora
Dum natat ; absentem, quoties sinit hiscere tumulet ante oculos illius; et exanimis
ur amicis manibus :
fluctus, [undis. Dum natat ; nominat Halcy
Nominat Halcyonem, ipsisque immurmurat onem absentem, quoties fluctus
Ecce super medios fluctus niger arcus aquarum sinit hiscere, que ipsis immur
Frangitur : et ruptà mersum caput obruit undâ. murat undis. Ecce niger arcus
Lucifer obscurus, nec, quem cognoscere posses , aquarum frangitur super me
dios fluctus : et obruit mersum
Illâ nocte fuit : quoniamque excedere Olympo caput undâ raptâ. Lucifer ill
Non licuit, densis texit sua nubibus ora. 163 nocte fuit obscurus : nec quem
Æolis interea tantorum ignara malorum posses cognoscere, que quoni
am nonlicuitexcedere Olympo
Dinumerat noctes : et jam, quas induat ille, texit sua ora densis nubibus.
Festinat vestes : jam quas, ubi venerit ille, 166 Interea Æolis ignara tantorum
malorum dinumerat noctes :
et jam festinat vestes, quas ille induat ; jam quas ipsa gerat ubi ille venerit,

NOTES.

142. Incursu.] With the force, the blow. 156. Exanimis.] Dead.
Turbinis. ] Of a violent gust of wind. Tumuletur. ] May be buried.
Arbos.] The mast. 157. Hiscere.] To open his mouth.
143. Regimen.] The helm, the rudder. 159. Arcus.] An arch of waters, an arched
Superstans.] High above. wave.
144. Sinuatas.] The same as curvum, v.96. 160. Mersum, &c.] Overwhelmed and
145. Athon Pindumque.] Two mountains drowned.
of Macedonia. 162. Excedere.] To come down, in order
147. Præcipitata. ] Forced by the winds. to help his son.
Ictu. ] By the impulse or stroke. 163. Non licuit. ] Could not ; for the stars
148. In ima.] To the bottom. still remain in the heavens in the day as well
149. Fato functa, &c.] Is dead. as the night. Texit. ] Covered, lest he should
150. Membra carinæ.] The pieces of the see his son perishing.
ship. 164. Eolis. ] Gen. idos, Halcyone, the
152. Socerumque ] Eolus. daughter of Eolus, the wife of Ceyx.
Patremque. Lucifer. 166. Festinat.] Makes haste, prepares the
154. Halcyone conjux.] The name of his garments.
wife Halcyone,
Hhh
 418 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XI.

que promittit inanes reditus Ipsa gerat : reditusque sibi promittit inanes.
sibi. Illa quidem ferebat pia Omnibus.illa quidem Superis pia thura ferebat :
thura omnibus Superis : tamen Ante tamen cunctos Junonis templa colebat :
colebat templa Junonis ante
cunctos : que veniebat ad aras, Proque viro, qui nullus erat, veniebat ad aras.
pro viro, qui erat nullus. Que Utque foret sospes conjux suus, utque rediret,
optabat, ut suus conjux foret Optabat ; nullamque sibi præferret. At illi
sospes,utque rediret, que præ- Hoc de tot votis poterat contingere solum.
ferret nullam sibi. At hoc so
lum de tot votis poterat con- At Dea non ultrà pro functo morte rogari
tingere illi . At Dea non susti- Sustinet: utque manus funestas arceat aris: 175
net ultrà rogari pro functo
morte; utque arceat funestas Iri, meæ, dixit, fidissima nuncia vocis,
manusaris ; dixit, Iri, fidissima Vise soporiferam Somni velociter aulam ;
nuncia meæ vocis, vise veloci- Extinctique jube Cëycis imagine mittat
ter soporiferam aulam Somni ; Somnia ad Halcyonem veros narrantia casus.
quejube mittat ad Halcyonem Dixerat. Induitur velamina mille colorum 180
Somniaimagine Ceycis extinc
ti, narrantia veros casus. Dixe- Iris, et arquato cœlum curvamine signans,
rat. Iris induitur velaminamil- Tecta petit jussi sub rupe latentia regis.
le colorum, et signans cœlum
arquato curvamine, petit tecta Est prope Cimmerios longo spelunca recessu ,
jussi regis latentia sub rupe. Mons cavus, ignavi domus et penetralia Somni :
" Est spelunca prope Cimme- Quò nunquam radiis oriens, mediusve, cadensve,
rios longo recessu , cavus mons, Phoebus adire potest. Nebulæ caligine mistæ
domus et penetralia ignavi Exhalantur humo : dubiæque crepuscula lucis.
Somni : quo Phoebus oriens,
mediusve, cadensve, nunquam Non vigil ales ibi cristati cantibus oris
potest adire radiis Nebula Evocat Auroram : nec voce silentia rumpunt
mista caligine exhalantur hu- Solicitive canes, canibusve sagacior anser, 190
mo: que crepuscula dubiæ lu
cis. Non vigil ales cristati oris ibi evocat Auroram cantibus : nec sollicitive canes, ve auser
sagacior canibus rumpunt silentia voce.

NOTES.

168. Pia thura ferebat.] Did sacrifice re 181. Arquato.] Nonius distinguishes be
ligiously. tween Arcum and Arquam ; one signifying
169. Junonia. ] For Juno presided over ma an arch, and the other a rainbow.
trimony. 182. Sub rupe latentia.] For the God of
170. Qui nullus erat.] The dead are said # sleep should have a retired silent palace.
not to be. 185. Cimmerios.] Near, or at the Cimme
172. Nullam.] No other woman. rian Bosphorus ; from whence arose the pro
175. Hoc solum.] Namely, that he should verb, Cimmeria Tenebræ.
never prefer any other woman to her. 184. Ignavi.] Sluggish, slow, from the ef
174. Dea.] Juno. fect; because it makes men slothful and slug
175. Funestas.] Polluted. When a man gish.
died, not only the house wherein he died, but 185. Quò nunquam, &c. ] For the rays of
his nearest relations, were all reckoned pol the sun drive away sleep, but darkness in
luted, and such persons were not admitted clines to sleep.
to the altars of the gods, before they were 187. Exhalantur.] Are exhaled.
purified. Dubiæque, &c.] This is an explanation of
176. Iri, &c. ] Juno here, out of pity of Crepusculum, i. e. the twilight ; for Crepuscu
Halcyone, dispatches her messenger Iris to lum is a doubtful or faint light.
Somnusthe God of Sleep, that he might send Crepuscula. ] scil. adsunt.
an apparition to her in the shape of Ceyx, to 188. Vigil ales.] The Coek.
acquaint her of her husband's fate, 190. Sagacior anser.] The Goose is an ani
Meæ vocis. Of mywords and commands. mal remarkably watchful, and of particular
177. Vise.] Visit.-— Soporiferam.] Bring esteem among the Romans : for in the year
ing drowsiness and sleep. of Rome 365. the Gauls under Brennus, had
Somni.] Ofthe God of Sleep. taken Rome, all except the Capitol, whither
180. Mille colorum.] For Iris signifies the some few under Manlius had retreated . The
rainbow, besiegers, under the protection of the night.
FAB. X. METAMORPHOSEON. 419

Non fera, non pecudes, non moti flamine rami, Non fera, non pecudes, non
Humanæve sonum reddunt convicia linguæ. rami moti flamine, ve convicia
humanæ linguæ reddunt so
Muta quies habitat. Saxo tamen exit ab imo num. Muta quies habitat. Ta
Rivus aquæ Lethes : a per quem cum murmure men rivus aqua Lethes exit ab
labens, imo Saxo : per quem unda la
bens cum murmure invitat
Invitat somnos crepitantibus unda lapillis. 195 somnos crepitantibus lapillis.
Ante fores antri foecunda papavera florent, Facunda papaveraflorent ante
Innumeræque herbæ quarum de lacte soporem fores antri, innumeræque her
Nox legit, et spargit per opacas humida terras. bæ : de lacte quarum humida
nox legit soporem, et spargit
Janua, quæ verso stridorem cardine reddat, per opacasterras. Nullajanua
Nulla domo totâ : custos in limine nullus. 200 quæ reddat stridorem verso
At medio torus est, ebeno sublimis in atrâ, cardine, totâ domo ; nullus cus
tos in limine. At torus est me.
Plumeus, atricolor, pullo velamine tectus, dio, sublimis in atrâ ebeno,
Quo cubat ipse Deus, membris languore solutis. plumeus, atricolor, tectus pullo
Hunc circa passim varias imitantia formas velamine, quo Deus ipse cubat,
Somnia vana jacent totidem, quot messis aristas, membris solutis languore. Cir
Sylva gerit frondes, ejectas littus arenas. 206 ca hunc vana Somnia jacent
passira imitantiavarias formas,
Quò simul intravit, manibusque obstantia virgo totidem quot messis gerit aris
Somnia dimovit : vestis fulgore reluxit tas, sylva frondes, littus ejectas
Sacra a domus ; tardàque Deus gravitate jacentes arenas. Quò simul virgo intra
Vix oculos tollens ; iterumque iterumque rela- vit ,que dimoyit obstantia som
nia manibus ; sacra domus re
bens, 210 luxit fulgore vestis : que Deus
Summaque percutiens nutanti pectora mento, vix tollens oculos jacentes tar
Excussit tandem sibi se : cubitoque levatus, da gravitate, que relabens ite
rumque iterumque, percutiens
Quid veniat ( cognorat enim) scitatur. At illa : summa pectora nutantimento,
Somne, quies rerum, placidissime Somne Deo- tandem excussit se sibi : que
rum , 214 levatus cubito, scitatur quid
Pax animi, quem cura fugit ; qui corda diurnis veniat (enim cognorat.) At
illa: Somne, quies rerum,
Somne placidissime Deorum, pax animi, quem cura fugit ; qui mulces corda fessa diurnis
a querulo quæ murmure, &c. b unicolor. c Atra.

NOTES.

had well nigh climbed up to the summit of
the rock, where the Romans had suspected no
danger, whenthegeeseperceived them, alarm
ed the garrison, and saved the citadel .
192. Convicia.] Quasi convocia, the mur
murs.
193. Tamen ] Though still silence reigns
all about, yet the poet admits the murmur of
the purling Lethe, because such a sound in
vites to sleep.
194. Lethes.] The River of Forgetfulness.
195. Unda, &c. ] Waters by their gentle
murmurs compose to rest.
196. Fecunda ] Fruitful, on account of
# their many seeds, which are very efficacious
to cause sleep ; whence a Poppy is called so
• 215. Quem cura fugit.] For they that are
poriferous.
199. Versa stridorem, &c.] The poet by
the (r's) and (s's) of this line would express
the disagreeable jar of a creaking rusty
hinge.
200. Custos nullus. ] For every being with
in the effluvia of this mansion is supposed to
be buried in sleep.
201 , Eheng.] Made of black ebony wood,
Hchenus, or Ebenus, is an Indian tree, whose
wood is naturally black and very weighty.
202. Atricolor pullo velamine.] Because
darkness is a friend to sleep.
207. Virgo.] Iris.
213. Cognorat enim ] For he knew her, or
that she was come.- Scitatur.] Inquires .
At illa.] sc. respondit.
214. Somne, quies, &c.] This address to
Somnus is exceedingly soft and poetical.
oppressed with cares cannot sleep.
420 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XI.

ministeriis, reparasque labori ; Fessa ministeriis mulces, reparasque labori ;

jube Somnia, quæ æquent ve- Somnia ; quæ veras æquent imitamine formas,
ras formas imitamine, adeant
Halcyonem, Herculeâ Trachi- Herculeâ Trachine, jube, sub imagine_regis,
ne sub imagine regis ; que fin- Halcyonen adeant : simulacraque naufraga fin
gant naufraga simulacra. Juno gant. 219
imperathoc. Postquam peregit
mandata Iris, abit. Enim ne Imperat hoc Juno. Postquam mandata peregit
que poterat ulteriùs tolerare Iris, abit. Neque enim ulteriùs tolerare vaporis
vim vaporis. Ut que sensit Vim poterat. Labique ut Somnum sensit in artus,
Somnum labi in artus, effugit; Effugit ; et remeat per quos modo venerat arcus.
et remeat arcus per quos vene
rat modò. At pater excitat At pater, è populo natorum mille suorum,
Morphea è populo suorum na- Excitat artificem simulatoremque figuræ 225
torum, artificem, simulatorem- Morphea. Non illo jussos solertiùs alter [ quendi.
que figuræ. Nonalter exprimit Exprimit incessus, vultumque a modumque lo
jussos incessus solertiùs illo,
vultumque,modumqueloquen- Adjicit et vestes, et consuetissima cuique
di. Et adjicit vestes, et verba Verba. Sed hic solos homines imitatur: at alter
consuetissima cuique. Sed hic Fit fera, fit volucris, fit longo corpore serpens.
imitatur homines solos : alter Hunc Icelon Superi, mortale Phobetora vulgus
fit fera, fit volucris, fit serpens
longocorpore.Superinominant Nominat. Est etiam diversæ tertius artis
Icelon, mortale vulgus nomi- Phantasos. Ille in humum, saxumque, un
nat Phobetora. Est etiam ter
tius Phantasos diversæ artis. damque, trabemque,
Ille transit feliciter in humum, Quæque vacant animâ feliciter omnia transit.
saxumque, undamque, trabem- Regibus hi, ducibusque, suos ostendere vultus 235
que,queomnia quævacant ani- Nocte solent : populos alii plebemque pererrant.
mâ. Hi solent ostendere suos Præterit hos senior : cunctisque è fratribus unum
vultus regibus ducibusque noc
te : alii pererrant populos ple Morphea, qui peragat Thaumantidos edita,
bemque. Senior Somnus præ Somnus
terit hos que eligit Morphea Eligit : et rursus molli languore solutum
unum è cunctis fratribus, qui
peragat edita Thaumantidos : Deposuitque caput, stratoque recondidit alto.
et rursus deposuit caput solutum molli languore, que recondidit alto strato.
a sonumque.

NOTES.
216. Mulces.] Thou cherishest, soothest,
or composest.- Reparasque labori.] And refit
them for labour ; labori, poetice, for ad laborem .
218. Herculeâ ] Built by Hercules.
Trachine. The ablative of the third de
clension, according to the latin formation: be
cause it ends in (e) short.- Regis. ] Of Ceyx.
219. Simulacraque naufraga.] The repre
sentation of Ceyx, suffering shipwreck.
Fingant. ] Let them represent.
221. Vaporis ] The drowsy vapour had al
most overcome her.
223. Per quos arcus.] A Græcism. See the
note on ver. 64.
224. At pater. ] The God Somnus.
Populo natorum. ] Of the company or multi
tude of dreams. Mille.] He puts a determi
hate number for an indeterminate one.
225. Excitat.] This word supposes Mor
pheus to have been asleep, or at least affected
deeply with the drowsy vapour mentioned
above.
226, Morphea .] Morpheus, of Tys open,
i. e. form. He is called the Imitator of Forms.
251. Icelon. ]* ixEVOS, similis, Hom.— Pho
betora.] A terrifier, from 406w , to affright.
233. Phantasos.] From para qual,
appargo. So Morpheus assumes the forms of
men : Icelos those of other animals which of.
ten affright people in their sleep, from whence
he is called Phobetor, the Terrifier : and
Phantasos represents to the fancy the figure
of inanimate beings.
234. Vacant. ] Are without, are destitute,
235. Hi.] scil. nati, some of his sons, for
Morpheus was not the only one, who took the
human form, he had a multitude of sons ofthe
same profession, that flew abroad every night,
but Morpheus was the most dexterous.
238. Edita Thaumantidos.] The commands
of Thaumantian Iris.
Somnus.] The God of Sleep.
239. Molli languore.] A pleasing delicious
languor.
240. Alto. ] Deep, where his head sunk
deep in down.
 FAB. X. METAMORPHOSEON. 421

1lle volat, nullos strepitus facientibus alis, 241 Ille volat, alis facientibus nul
Per tenebras : intraque mora breve tempus in los strepitus, tempus per tenebras : in
traquebreve moræ per
3 urbem [ nis venit in Hæmoniam urbem :
Pervenit Hæmoniam: positisque è corpore pen- que pennis positis è corpore,
abit infaciem Ceycis : que sub
In faciem Ceycis abit : formâque sub illâ illâ formâ Luridus, similis ex
Luridus, exsangui similis, sinè vestibus ullis, 245 sangui,sine ullis vestibus, stetit
•
Conjugis ante torum miseræ stetit. Uda videtur ante torum miseræ conjugis.
Barba viri, madidisque gravis fluere unda capillis. Barba viri videtur uda, que
Tum lecto incumbens, fletu super ora refuso, gravis unda fluere madidis ca
Hæc ait : Agnoscis Ceyca, miserrima conjux? pillis. Tum incumbens lecto,
Hletu refuso super ora, ait
An mea mutata est facies nece ? respice ; nosces : hæc : Miserrima conjux agnos
Inveniesque tuo pro conjuge conjugis umbram. cis Ceyca ? an est mea facies
Nil opis, Halcyone, nobis tua vota tulerunt. 252 mutata nece ?Respice ; nosces :
que umbram conjugis
Occidimus. Falsæ tibi me promittere noli. invenies
pro tuo conjuge. Halcyone, tua
Nubilus Ægæo deprendit in æquore navim vota tulerunt nil opis nobis.
Auster, et ingenti jactatam flamine solvit. 255 Occidimus. Noli promittere
me tibi falsæ. Nubilus auster
Oraque nostra tuum frustrà clamantia nomen
deprendit navim in Ægæo æ
Implerunt fluctus. Non hæc tibi nunciat auctor quore, et solvit jactatam in
Ambiguus : non ista vagis rumoribus audis. genti flamine : que fluctus im
Ipse ego fata tibi præsens mea naufragus edo. plerunt nostra ora frustrá cla
mantia tuum nomen : Non
1 Surge, age: da lachrymas; lugubriaque indue : ambiguus auctor nunciat hæc
nec me 260 tibi : non audis ista vagis ru
Indeploratum sub inania Tartara mitte. moribus. Ego ipse præsens,
Adjicit his vocem Morpheus ; quam conjugis illa naufragus, edo mea fata tibi.
Surge, age : da lacrymas : que
Crederet esse sui : fletus quoque fundere veros indue lugubria : neo mitte me
Visus erat. Gestumque manus Ceycis habebant. indeploratum sub inania Tar
tara. Morpheus adjicit vocem
bis, quam illa crederet esse sui conjugis : quoque visus erat fundere veros fletus. Que manus
habebant gestum Ceycis.

NOTES.

243. Hæmoniam urbem.] A city of Thes
fit
saly, i. e. Trachina, for Thessaly and Thrace
are frequently put one for the other by the
Greek poets: in imitation of them the Latins
did the same.
244. Abit in faciem Ceycis.] Turns himself
into the shape of Ceyx.
健 245. Luridus.] Livid ― the colour of a
想 corpse beginning to putrify.
H Exsangui.] Pale, like a dead corpse.
246. Conjugis ] Of Halcyone.
Uda. ] Moist, dropping.
35
255. Ingenti flamine.] With a storm.
Solvit.] Has broken, dashed it to pieces.
258. Ambiguus Doubtful.
Vagis.] Uncertain
259. Mea fata. ] My death, my misfor
tunes.
260. Lugubria. ] scil. velamina. The souls
of the deceased loved to be lamented, to be
honoured, and to receive all funeral rites for
a reason mentioned before ; and this notion
of the ancients was not without a good moral
lesson ; for it encouraged the living to deserve

252. Tua vota.] Thy prayers. well of those who may survive them, and to
·
a
D

253. Occidimus. ] I am dead. do as much service to mankind as they could,

Falsa. ] Is a particle in this place, not an
adjective. Deceived, mistaken.
254. Egæo æquore.] Writers do not agree,
as to this part of the Mediterranean sea,
whence it took its name. Some will have it
from Ægeus, the father of Theseus : others
from Ægeon; and somefromÆgea, a queen of
the Amazons. Pliny derives it from a rock re
sembling a goat, and thence from a alyos,
&c. Itisnowcommonly called the Archipelago,
while they staid upon earth.
261. Inania.] Does not signify empty in
this place, but airy ; for Tartarus was full,
not of bodies, but of ghosts.
Tartara.] A deep place among the infernal
ghosts. The shades below.
264. Gestumque.] A gesticulation or ges
ture ; for gesture is properly the motion of
the hands.
422 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XL

Halcyone lacrymans ingemit, Ingemit Halcyone lacrymans, motatque lacertos

motatque lacertosper somnum ; Per somnum : corpusque petens amplectitur
que petens corpus amplectitur
auras. Exclamatque, mane ; auras. [una.
Quò rapis te? Ihimus unà . Exclamatque, Mane ; Quò te rapis ? Ibimus
Turbata suâ voce specieque Voce suâ specieque viri turbata soporem 268
viri, excutit soporem : et primò Excutit : et primò si sit circumspicit illìc,
circumspicit si sit illìc, qui erat
visus modò. Nam ministri moti Qui modò visus erat. Nam moti voce ministri
voce intulerant lumen. Post- Intulerant lumen. Postquam non invenit usquam;
quam non invenit usquam ; Percutit ora manu : laniatque à pectore vestes:
percutit ora manu ; laniatque Pectoraque ipsa ferit. Nec crinem solvere curat ;
vestes à pectore; que ferit pec
tora ipsa. Nec curat solvere Scindit : et altrici, quæ luctûs causa rogânti, 274
crinem ; scindit : et altrici ro- Nulla est Halcyone, nulla est, ait : occidit unà
ganti, quæ causa luctus, ait, Cum Ceyce suo. Solantia tollite verba.
Halcyone est nulla, nulla est: Naufragus interiit. Vidi, agnovique ; manusque
occidit unà cum suo Ceyce.
Tollite solantia verba . Naufra- Ad discedentem, cupiens retinere, tetendi.
gus interiit. Vidi, agnovique, Umbra a fugit : sed et umbra tamen manifesta,
quetetendi manusad disceden
virique 279
tem, que cupiens retinere. Um
bra fugit ; sed et tamen mani- Vera mei. Non ille quidem, si quæris, habebat
festa umbra, et vera mei viri. Assuetos 6 vultus : nec quo priùs ore nitebat.
Ille non quidem, si quæris, ha- Pallentem, nudumque, et adhuc humente capillo,
bebat assuetos vultus, nec ore Infelix vidi. Stetit hôc miserabilis ipso 288
quo priùs nitebat. Infelix vidi Ecce loco : et quærit vestigia si qua supersint.
pallentem nudumque, que ca
pillo adhuc humente. Ecce, Hoc erat, hoc animo quod divinante timebam :
iniserabilis stetit hoc ipso loco : Et ne, me fugiens, ventos sequerêre rogabam.
et quærit vestigia, si qua su
persint. Hoc erat quod time. At certè vellem, quoniam periturus abibas,
bam anima divinante ; etroga- Me quoque duxisses. Tecum fuit utile, tecum
bam, ne me fugiens sequerere Ire mihi. Neque enim de vitæ tempore quicquam
ventos. At certè vellem duxis- Non simul egissem : nec mors discreta fuisset. 290
ses me tecum, quoniam abibas
periturus. Fuit utile mihi ire Nunc absens pereo, jactor nunc fluctibus absens ;
tecum, tecum. Neque enim non Et, sinè me, te pontus habet. Crudelior ipso
egissem simul quicquam de Sit mihi mens pelago ; si vitam ducere nitar
tempore vitæ : nec mors fuisset Longiùs ; et tanto pugnem superesse dolori.
discreta. Nunc pereo, absens
jactor fluctibus ; et pontus ha. Sed neque pugnabo ; nec te, miserande, relin
bet te siné me. Mens sit mihi quam : 295
crudelior ipso pelago : si nitar
ducere vitam longiùs : et pugnem superesse tanto dolori . Sed neque pugnabo : nec miserande
relinquam te : a fuit. b cultus.

NOTES.

265. Motat.] Throws out with vehemence,
formoto, as, is the frequentative of moveo.
267. Quò te rapis. ] Whither dost thee flee ?
269.Excutit.] Shakes off.
Si. ] Si for an, whether or no.
Illic.] Where her husband had been seen,
271. Ministri ] Her servants.
274. Altrici.] To her nurse, which the
poets frequently represent as attendants to
women of quality.
276. Solantia tollite verba.] Cease to com
fort me.
281. Assuetos.] His wonted, accustomed,
usual.- Nec quo, &c.] The order ; nec nitebat
ore, quo prius. scil. nitebat,
282. Humente. ] Moist, wet.
283. Hoc ipso loco. ] She points to the spot
where she thought she had seen him .
285. Hoc erat.] She now addresses herself
most naturally to her lost husband.
289. Neque enim, &c. ] I would have spent
all the time of my life with thee ; I should
not have lost a minute.
291. Absens.] In body, not in mind.
293. Ducere longius. ] To lengthen out,
• 294. Superesse. ] To survive.
 FAB. X. METAMORPHOSEON. 423

En tibi nunc saltem veniam comes, inque se en nunc saltem veniam comes
tibi; que littera junget nos, si
pulchro, non in urnâ, tamen in sepul
Si non urnâ, tamen junget nos littera : si non chro: si nontangam ossa meis
Ossibus ossa meis, at nomen nomine tangam. ossibus, atnomen nomine. Do
Plura dolor prohibet ; verboque intervenit omni lor prohibet plura, que plangor
intervenit omni verbo : et ge
Plangor : et attonito gemitus è corde trahuntur . mitus trahuntur è attonito cor
Mane erat : egreditur tectis ad littus : et illum de. Erat manè : egreditur tec
Mæsta locum repetit, de quo spectârat euntem. tis ad littus : et mesta repetit
脂 Dumque moratus ibi ; dumque hîc retinacula illum locum de quo spectârat
ea solvit ; 303 euntem. Dumque moraturibi,
que dicit, dum hîc solvit reti
Hôe mihi discedens dedit oscula littore, dicit, nacula ; discedens dedit mihi
Dumque notata oculis reminiscitur acta, fretum- oscula hôc littore, dumque re
3
que 305 miniscitur notata acta oculis,
que fretum prospicit, tuetur
Prospicit ; in liquidâ, spatio distante tuetur nescio quid, quasi corpus dis
Nescio quid, quasi corpus, aqua; primoque quid tante spatio, in liquidâ aqua :
B illud [unda ; que primo erat dubium quid
Esset erat dubium. Postquam paulò appulit illud esset. Postquam unda ap
pulit paulò ; et quamvis aberat,
Et, quamvis aberat, corpus tamen esse liquebat : tamenliquebatessecorpus : ig
Qui foret, ignorans, qui naufragus , omine mota norans qui foret, quia naufra
est : [ser, inquit, gus, mota est omine ; et daret
lacrymam tanquam ignoto. In
Et tanquam ignoto lacrymam daret. Heu mi- quit, Heu miser, quisquis es, et
Quisquis es, et si qua est conjux tibi ! fluctibus si qua est conjux tibi ! corpus
actum [tur, fit actum propius fluctibus.
Quod quò magis illa tuetur,
Fit propius corpus. Quod quo magis illa tue- hoc minus et minùs amens, est
Hôc minus, et minùs est, amens, sua . Janique sua. Jamque admotum propin
propinquæ 314 quæ terræ, quod jam posset
Admotum terræ, jam quod cognoscere posset, cognosceExclamare
t, ,Ille
cernit:
est erat
; et conjux.
una la
Cernit : erat conjux. Ille est, exclamat : et unà cerat ora, comas, vestem : ten
Ora, comas, vestem lacerat : tendensque tre densque trementes manus ad
mentes Ceyca, ait, Sic ô charissime
conjux, sic redis ad me, mise
Ad Ceyca manus, Sic ô charissime conjux, rande ? Moles facta manu ad
Sic ad me, miserande, redis? ait. Adjacet undis jacet undis : que frangit pri
Facta manu moles : quæ primas æquoris iras mas iras æquoris ;

NOTES.

296. Nunc saltem.] Now at least, in death.
Sepulchro ] In an empty one, a Cenotaph.
297. Littera. ] An inscription on our tomb ;
an epitaph ; for the ancients raised tombs in
honour ofthe dead, even though their bodies
could not be found.
* 299. Prohibet ] Forbids, sc. loqui.
302. Euntem.] Her husband going away.
303. Dumque moratus, &c.] These are the
words of Halcyone, calling to mind the places
where Ceyx lately was, when he was ready to
depart, and took his farewell of her.
Retinacula.] The cables by which ships are
fastened to the shore.
305. Notata oculis. ] Viewing or observing
withher eyes. Reminiscitur.] Calls tomind,
Acta.] The exploits done by Ceyx,
Fretumque.] And the sea.
309. Corpus.] A body, an human body ; "
not his body, for she did not know that ' till
after : ver. 316.
310. Quia naufragus.] sc. erat.
312. Et est qua. ] sc. Heu et misera .
313. Quo magis. ] By how much the more.
Tuetur. ] She views.
314. Hoc minùs.] Esse meum orsuum, a
phrase very frequent with the poets, in Eng
lish, scarce one's self.
315. Admotum terræ.] Brought to shore.
316. Et unà.] And with her exclamation.>
318. Ceyca. ] To the corpse of Ceyx.
320. Moles. A bank or pier built in the
seaj a quay.
422 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XI.

Halcyone lacrymans ingemit, Ingemit Halcyone lacrymans, motatque lacertos

motatque lacertosper somnum; Per somnum : corpusque petens amplectitur
que petens corpus amplectitur
auras. Exclamatque, mane; auras. [unà.
Quò rapis te? Ibimus unà . Exclamatque, Mane ; Quò te rapis ? Ibimus
Turbata suâ voce specieque Voce suâ specieque viri turbata soporem 268
viri, excutit soporem : et primò Excutit : et primò si sit circumspicit illic,
circumspicit si sitillic, qui erat
visus modò. Nam ministri moti Qui modò visus erat. Nam moti voce ministri
voce intulerant lumen. Post- Intulerant lumen. Postquam non invenit usquam;
quam non invenit usquam ; Percutit ora manu : laniatque à pectore vestes:
percutit ora manu ; laniatque Pectoraque ipsa ferit. Nec crinem solvere curat ;
vestes à pectore; que ferit pec- Scindit : et altrici, quæ luctus causa rogânti , 274
tora ipsa. Nec curat solvere
crinem ; scindit : et altrici ro- Nulla est Halcyone, nulla est, ait : occidit unà
ganti, quæ causa luctus, ait, Cum Coyce suo. Solantia tollite verba.
Halcyone est nulla, nulla est: Naufragus interiit. Vidi, agnovique ; manusque
occidit unà cum suo Coyce.
Tollite solantia verba. Naufra- Ad discedentem, cupiens retinere, tetendi.
gus interiit. Vidi, agnovique, Umbra a fugit : sed et umbra tamen manifesta,
quetetendi manusad disceden 279
tem,que cupiens retinere. Um virique
bra fugit ; sed et tamen mani- Vera mei. Non ille quidem, si quæris, habebat
festa umbra, et vera mei viri. Assuetos & vultus : nec quo priùs ore nitebat .
Ille non quidem, si quæris, ha- Pallentem, nudumque, et adhuc humente capillo,
bebat assuetos vultus, nec ore Infelix vidi. Stetit hôc miserabilis ipso 283
quo priùs nitebat. Infelix vidi Ecce loco : et quærit vestigia si qua supersint.
pallentem nudumque, que ca
pillo adhuc humente. Ecce, Hoc erat, hoc animo quod divinante timebam :
iniserabilis stetit hoc ipso loco : Et ne, me fugiens, ventos sequerêre rogabam.
et quærit vestigia, si qua su
persint . Hoc erat quod time. At certè vellem, quoniam periturus abibas,
bam anima divinante ; etroga- Me quoque duxisses. Tecum fuit utile, tecum
bam, ne me fugiens sequerère Ire mihi. Neque enim de gefrore quicquam
ventos. At certè vellem duxis- Non simul egissem : nec mors fuisset. 290
ses me tecum, quoniam abibas Nunc absens pereo, jactor nunc fluctibus absens ;
periturus. Fuit utile mihi ire
tecum,tecum. Neque enim non Et, sinè me, te pontus habet. Crudelior ipso
egissem simul quicquam de Sit mihi mens pelago ; si vitam ducere nitar
tempore vitæ: nec mors fuisset Longiùs ; et tanto pugnem superesse dolori.
discreta. Nunc pereo, absens neque pugnabo ; nec te, miserande, relin
jactor fluctibus ; et pontus ha Sed
bet te sinéme. Mens sit mihi quam : 295
crudelior ipso pelago : si nitar
ducere vitam longiùs : et pugnem superesse tanto dolori . Sed neque pugnabo : nec miserande
relinquam te : a fuit. b cultus.

NOTES.

265. Motat.] Throws out with vehemence,
formoto, as, is the frequentative of moveo.
267. Quò te rapis. ] Whither dost theeflee ?
269. Excutit.] Shakes off.
Si.] Si for an, whether or no.
Illic.] Where her husband had been seen,
271. Ministri . ] Her servants.
274. Altrici. ] To her nurse, which the
poets frequently represent as attendants to
women of quality.
276. Solantia tollite verba.] Cease to com
fort me.
281. Assuetos.] His wonted, accustomed,
usual.- Nec quo, &c.] The order ; nec nitebat
ore, qua prius, scil. nitebat.
282. Humente. ] Moist, wet.
283. Hoc ipso loco. ] She points to the spot
where she thought she had seen him.
285. Hoc erat.] She now addresses herself
most naturally to her lost husband.
289. Neque enim, &c. ] I would have spent
all the time of my life with thee ; I should
not have lost a minute.
291. Absens.] In body, not in mind.
293. Ducere longius. ] To lengthen out,
294. Superesse. ] 'To survive.
 FAB. X. METAMORPHOSEON. 423

En tibi nunc saltem veniam comes, inque se en nunc saltem veniam comes
tibi ; que littera junget nos, si
pulchro, non in urnâ, tamen in sepul
Si non urnâ, tamen junget nos littera : si non chro: si non tangam ossa meis
Ossibus ossa meis, at nomen nomine tangam. ossibus, atnomen nomine. Do
lor prohibet plura, que plangor
Plura dolor prohibet ; verboque intervenit omni intervenit
1 omni verbo : et ge
Plangor : et attonito gemitus è corde trahuntur. mitus trahuntur è attonito cor
Mane erat : egreditur tectis ad littus : et illum de. Erat manè : egrediturtec
Mæsta
24 Dumque locum repetit, de quo spectârat euntem. tis ad littus : et mesta repetit
moratus ibi ; dumque hic retinacula illum locum de quo spectârat
solvit ; euntem. Dumque moratur ibi,
303 que dicit, dum hîc solvit reti
Hôc mihi discedens dedit oscula littore, dicit, nacula ; discedens dedit mihi
1.
Dumque notata oculis reminiscitur acta, fretum oscula hôc littore, dumque re
que 305 miniscitur notata acta oculis,
que fretum prospicit, tuetur
Prospicit ; in liquidâ, spatio distante tuetur nescio quid, quasi corpus dis
Nescio quid, quasi corpus, aquâ; primoque quid tante spatio, in liquidâ aqui :
illud [unda ; que primo erat dubium quid
illud esset. Postquam undaap
Esset erat dubium. Postquam paulò appulit pulitpaulò ; et quamvis aberat,
Et, quamvis aberat, corpus tamen esse liquebat : tamen liquebat esse corpus : ig
Qui foret, ignorans, qui naufragus, omine mota norans qui foret, quia naufra
est : [ser, inquit, gus, mota est omine ; et darer
lacrymamtanquam ignoto. In
Et tanquam ignoto lacrymam daret . Heu mi- quit, Heu miser, quisquis es, et
Quisquis es, et si qua est conjux tibi ! fluctibus si qua est conjux tibi ! corpus
actum [tur, fit actum propius fluctibus.
Quod quò magis illa tuetur,
Fit propius corpus. Quod quo magis illa tue- hoc minus et minùs amens, est
Hôc minùs, et minùs est, amens, sua. Janique sua. Jamque admotum propin
propinquæ 314 quæ terræ, quod jam posset
Admotum terræ, jam quod cognoscere posset; cognoscere,
Exclamat, Illecernit: erat conjux.
est ; et una la
Cernit : erat conjux. Ille est, exclamat : et una cerat ora, comas, vestein : ten
Ora, comas, vestem lacerat : tendensque tre- densque trementes manus ad
mentes Ceyca, ait, Sic ô charissime
conjux, sic redis ad me, mise
Ad Ceyca manus, Sic ô charissime conjux, rande ? Moles facta manu ad
Sic ad me, miserande, redis? ait. Adjacet undis jacet undis : que frangit pri
Facta manu moles : quæ primas æquoris iras mas iras æquoris ;

NOTES. IN

296. Nunc saltem. ] Now at least, in death.
Sepulchro ] In an empty one, a Cenotaph.
297. Littera.] An inscription on our tomb ;
an epitaph ; for the ancients raised tombs in
honour of the dead, even though their bodies
could not be found.
299. Prohibet ] Forbids, sc. loqui.
302. Euntem.] Her husband going away.
303. Dumque moratus, &c.] These are the
E words of Halcyone, calling to mind the places
where Ceyx lately was, when he was ready to
depart, and took his farewell of her.
Retinacula.] The cables by which ships are
fastened to the shore.
305. Notata oculis.] Viewing or observing
with her eyes. — Reminiscitur.] Calls tomind,
· Acta.] The exploits done by Ceyz.
Fretumque.] And the sea.
509. Corpus.] A body, an human body ;
not his body, for she did not know that ' till
after : ver. 316.
310. Quia naufragus.] sc. erat.
312. Et est qua. ] sc. Heu et misera.
313. Quo magis. ] By how much the more.
Tuetur.] She views.
314. Hoc minùs.] Esse meum orsuum, a
phrase very frequent with the poets, in Eng
lish, scarce one's self.
315. Admotum terræ.] Brought to shore.
316. Et unà.] And with her exclamation.
318. Ceyca. ] To the corpse of Ceyx.
320. Moles.] A bank or pier built in the
sea, a quay.
424 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XI.

et quæ prædelassat incursus Frangit ; et incursus quæ prædelassat aquarum.

aquarum. Insilit huc, mirum- Insilit huc, mirumque fuit potuisse ; volabat : 322
que fuit potuisse, volabat : per
cutiensque levem aëra pennis Percutiensque levem modò natis aëra pennis,
modo natis, miserabilis ales Stringebat summas ales miserabilis undas.
stringebat summas undas. Dumque volat moesto similem, plenumque
Dumque volat, ora crepitantia 325
tenui rostro dedêre sonum si querelæ
milem mæsto, plenumque que Ora dedêre sonum tenui crepitantia rostro.
rele. Verò ut tetigit mutum Ut verò tetigit mutum et sinè sanguine corpus ;
corpus et sine sanguine, am- Dilectos artus amplexa recentibus alis,
plexa dilectos artus recentibus
alis,dedit frigida oscula nequic- Frigida nequicquam duro dedit oscula rostro.
quam duro rostro. An Ceyx Senserit hoc Ceyx, an vultum motibus undæ
senserit hoc, an visus sit tollere Tollere sit visus, populus dubitabat ; at ille 331
vultum motibus undæ, populus Senserat. Et tandem, Superis miserantibus , ambo
dubitabat : at ille senserat. Et
tandem ambo, Superis mise- Alite mutantur. Fatis obnoxius îsdem [tum
rantibus, mutantur alite. Quo- Tunc quoque mansit amor, nec conjugiale solu
que tunc amor mansit obno- Foedus in alitibus. Coëunt fiuntque parentes :
Xius isdemfatis, nec conjugiale
foedus solutum in alitibus. Perque dies placidos hiberno tempore septem
Countfiuntque parentes : que Incubat Halcyonependentibus æquore nidis.337
Halcyone incubat nidis pen- Tum via tuta maris : ventos custodit, et arcet
dentibus æquere, per septem olus egressu : præstatque nepotibus æquor.
placidos dies hyberno tempore.
Tum via maris tuta : Eolus custodit ventos, et arcet egressu : præstatque æquor nepotibus.

NOTES.

321. Prædelassat.] Breaks the fury of the
waves, before they reach the shipping:
322. Huc.] Thither, within that harbour
made by hands.] Potuisse.] sc. Volare.
Volabat.] She flew, for she was now turned
into a bird.
324. Stringebat, &c.] She skimmed along
the surface of the water. " days more ; during which fourteen days. the
325. Mosto.] scil sono.
330. Senserit hoc, &c.] When two clauses
in Latin are connected bythe conjunction (an)
that connexion is always mutual, though (an)
be not expressed in the preceding clause : thus
(an) is understood before senserit : in English
the conjunction (whether) is always expressed
in the preceding clause, and the following is
connected by (or) as will appear by example.
555. Alite. ] Into birds.
536. Perque, &c. The Halcyons or King's
Fishers are said to hatch their young in the
winter season, when the sea is calm and navi
gable they make their nests seven days be
fore the winter ; and they lay and hatch seven
sea is very calm. Whence Halcedonia, and
Halcyon days.
337. Pendentibus æquore.] Floating on
the sea.
339. Præstatque æquor.] Renders the sea
smooth and safe for the young Halcyons .
Nepotibus. ] For the young birds, his
grand-children.

EXP. FAB. X. This Fable is written in strains of the true pathetic, and
with an art that was peculiar to Ovid. The testimony of the ancients re
present Ceyx, the king of Trachinia and cotemporary of Hercules, as a prince
of consummate knowledge and great experience, and to whom those who
were inclined to make atonement for murder resorted , as did Hercules and
Peleus. Pausanias reports, that Eurystheus summoned Ceyx to deliver
to him the children of Hercules ; and as he could not dispute this with so
powerful a king, he sent them to Theseus, who took them into his protection.
Halcyone, whose genealogy Apollodorus has been careful to preserve, was
married to Ceyx ; and heto divert the melancholy he was thrown into by the
death of his brother Dædalion, and his niece Chione, went to Claros to con
sult the Oracle of Apollo ; but on his return was shipwrecked, which affec
FAB. XI. METAMORPHOSEON. 425

ted his queen so much, that she either died with grief, or threw herself into
the sea. It was said they were changed into birds called the King's Fishers,
which perhaps has no other foundation than the name of that princess : or
perhaps the union and tender affection this royal pair were remarkable for,
gave occasion to the fable, as these birds are the symbols of conjugal love.

FAB. XI. ESACUS IN VOLUCREM MERGUM.

Esacus, the son of Priamus and Alyxothoë, the daughter of the river Ce
brenus, who was privately born under Mount Ida, and delighted in woods
and hunting, more than in the court or city, happening to see the nymph
Hesperie, is so charmed with her beauty, that he pursues to enjoy her,
when she in her flight is so unfortunate as to be stung by aserpent, which
occasions her death. Asacus is so much affected with this melancholy
accident, that he throws himself from a mountain into the sea, but be.
fore he reaches the water, is turned into a Cormorant.

HOS aliquis senior a circum freta lata volantes Aliquis senior spectat hos
Spectat : et ad finem servatos laudat amo- volantes circum lata freta : et
laudat amores servatos ad fi
res. [dixit nem. Proximus, aut si fors
Proximus, aut idem, si fors tulit, Hic quoque tulit, idem, dixit quoque, Hic
Quem mare carpentem substrictaque crura ge- quem aspicis carpentem mare,
rentem que gerentem substricta crura,
regia progenies (ostendens
Aspicis (ostendens spatiosumguttura mergum) 5 mergum spatiosum guttura.)
Regia progenies . Et, si descendere ad ipsum Et, si quæris descendere ad ip
Ordine perpetuo quæris, sunt hujus origo sum perpetuo ordine, Ilus et
Assaracus, que Ganymedes
Ilus, et Assaracus, raptusque Jovi Ganymedes, raptus Jovi, sunt origo hujus,
1
Laomedonque senex, Priamusque novissima que senex Laomedon, Priam
Trojæ usque sortitus novissima tem
Tempora sortitus. Frater fuit Hectoris iste : pora Troja. Iste fuit frater
ventâ Hectoris : qui, nisi sensisset
et
Qui, nisi sensiss primâ nova fataju , 11 nova fata primâjuventâ, forsi
Forsitan inferius non Hectore nomen haberet : tan haberet nomen non inferiuš
Quamvis est illum proles enixa Dymantis. Hectore : quamvis proles Dy
mantis est enixa illum. Alyx
Æsacon ambrosâ furtim peperi sse sub Idâ othoë nata bicorni Granicofer
Fertur Alyxothoë сe Granico nata bicorni . 15 tur peperisse sacon furtim
sub umbrosâ Idâ. Hic oderat
Oderat hic urbes : nitidâque remotus ab aulâ
urbes ; que remotus ab nitidâ
Secretos montes, et inambitiosa colebat aulâ colebat secretos montes.
Rura : nec Iliacos cœtus, nisi rarus, adibat. et inambitiosa rura : nec adibat
Non agreste tamen, nec inexpugnabile Amori Iliacos cœtus, nisi rarus. Ta
Pectus habens, sylvas captatam sæpè per omnes men nechabens agresté pectus
nec inexpugnabile Amori, as
picit Hesperien Cebrenida cap
tatam sæpè per omnes sylvas.
a junctim. b Cui, nisi cessissent, &c. P Sagari cognata bicorni.

NOTES.

3. Proximus, &c.] Somebody who was next, 12. Illum .] Hector: -Proles Dymantis.]
1. e. that stood by this old man, or the old Hecuba, the wife of Priamus.
man himself. 15. Alyxothoë.] A nymph by whom Pria
4. Substrictaque. ] Slender. mus had Æsacus ; but not in lawful wedlock.
9. Priamusque, &c .] The last king of Troy. Granico. ] A river of Phrygia.
10. Iste.] Esacus. 20. Captatam.] Whom he endeavoured to
11. Nova fata.] A transformation, catch,
I ii
426 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XI.

patriâ ripâ, siccantem sole ca- Aspicit Hesperien patriâ Cebrenida ripâ, 21
pillos injectos humeris. Nym- Injectos humeris siccantem sole capillos.
phe visa fugit ; veluti cerva Visa fugit Nymphe ; veluti perterrita fulvum
perterrita fulvum lupum, que
fluvialis anas, deprensa lacu re- Cerva lupum, longeque lacu deprensa relicto
licto longè, accipitrem. Quam Accipitremfluvialis anas. Quam Troïusheros 25
Troïus heros insequitur : que Insequitur : celeremque metu celer urget amore.
celer amore arget celerem me
tu. Ecce coluber latens herba Ecce latens herbâ coluber fugientis adunco [ quit:
stringet pedem fugientis adun- Dente pedem stringit : virusque in corpore lin
co dente ; que linquit virus in Cum vitâ suppressafuga est. Amplectitur amens.
corpore fuga cum vità est
clamatque, Piget, pigetessesecutum,
suppressa. Amens amplectitur Exanimem;
exanimem : elamatque, Piget, Sed non hoc timui ; nec erat mihi vincere tanti.
piget esse secutum sed non Perdidimus miseram nos te duo. Vulnus ab angue,
timui boc ; nec vincere erat A me causa data est. Ego sum sceleratior illo,
tanti mihi. Nos duo perdidi
mus te miseram. Vulnus ab Nî tibi morte meâ mortis solatia mittam, 34
angue, causadata està me. Ego Dixit : etê scopulo, quem rauca subederat unda,
sum sceleratior illo, ni mittam Se dedit in pontum. Tethys miserata cadentem
solatia mortis tibi meâ morte. Molliter excepit : nantemque per æquora pennis
Dixit : et dedit se in pontum è
scopulo, quem rauca undasube- Texit : et optatæ non est data copia mortis.
derat. Tethys miserata excepit Indignatur amans invitum vivere cogi ;
cadentem molliter, que texit Obstarique animæ miserâ de sede volenti 40
nantem per æquora pennis : et
copia optatæ mortis non est da- Exire. Utque novas humeris assumpserat alas,
ta. Amans indignatur cogi Subvolat ; atque iterum corpus super æquora
vivere invitum ; obstarique a mittit. [fundum
nimæ volenti exire de miserâ Furit Æsacos, inque pro
ede. Ut que assumpserat Pluma levat casus.
novas alas humeris, subvolat ; Pronus abit, lethique viam sinè fine retentat.
atque mittit corpus iterum su- Fecit amor maciem ; longa internodia crurum,
per æquora. Pluma levat ca longè.
sus. sacos furit, que abit Longa manet cervix : caput est à corpore
pronus in profundum, que re quor amat : nomenque a manet, quia mergitur,
tentat viam lethi sinè fine. illi.
Amorfecit maciem ; interno
dia crurum longa, cervix ma
net longa ; caput est longè
corpore. Amat æquor; nomen
quemanetilli quia mergitur. a tenent.

NOTES.

21. Hesperien.] The daughterofthe Trojan of Nereus and Doris.

river Cebrenus.
23. Fluvialis.] Inhabiting the rivers.
Troïus heros.] sacus.
26. Urget.] Pushes on, presses forward.
27. Coluber.] A serpent or snake.
28. Dente stringit. ] Bites.
Virusque. ] The venom,the poison.
29. Suppressa.] Repressed.
32. Nos duo.] I and the Serpent.
35. Subederat. ] Had eaten away, under
mined.
36. Se dedit.] Threw or cast himselfintothe
sea. -Tethys.] A Sea Goddess, the daughter
38. Copia mortis.] The privilege to die.
40. Miserâ sede.] From a miserable body.
42. Subvolat.] Flies upwards.
Super.] Into or upon the sea.
44. Pronus.] Headlong.
45. Fecit, &c.] The love which he desired
to putan end to by death, made him lean and
meagre. -Internodia . ] Internodium is a
space between two knots.
47. Nomenque, ] Mergus takes its name in
Latin of mergendo, ducking or diving. In
English, a Cormorant.

EXP. FAB. XI. This fable, being no other than an historical relation, does
hot require any comment.
 ( 427 )

P. OVIDII NASONIS

ΜΕΤΑΜΟRPHOSEΩΝ

LIBER XII.

AN ACCOUNT OF THE SIEGE OF TROY,

AND SOME

PARTICULARS RESPECTING IT ;

With an Account of the Commanders and Heroes, &c. that engaged in it,
whether Trojans or Grecians ;
Which it has been judged proper to prefix to this Book of OVID, for the better understand
ing of the Author, and that memorable event, so frequently the subject of the best
historians.

S the SIEGE of TROY, and the feats performed by the different heroes
AS
concerned in it, are introduced by Ovid in his XIIth Book, it may not
be improper, for the better understanding them, to collect the most striking
events into one view, and with them to lay before the young student a
concise historical account of the persons interested in the different transac
tions ; not only on account of the use that Ovid makes of them, but as
they are frequently the subject of the best classical writers.
The rape of Helen, though the immediate, was not the original occasion
of the Trojan war, and of the destruction of that city, as an enmity had
subsisted a long time before between Tros and Tantalus, two neighbouring
kings in Phrygia, which occasioned the latter to retire into Greece, where
his son Pelops and his posterity settled. At the distance of about two ge
nerations, Hercules carried off Hesione the daughter of Laomedon, and
gave her in marriage to Telamon his companion, being irritated by the de
ceit and perfidy of that king.
About forty years after, Paris carried off Helen, the wife of Menelaus,
king of Sparta, who applied to Priam in hopes of having her quickly re
stored ; but his suit proving ineffectual ( as the interest of Paris was too
powerful for him to contend with ) he addressed himself to the princes of
Greece, who agreed to avenge his cause ; and choosing Agameinnon for
their general, made a vow not to return till they had overthrown Troy.
When they had collected their forces, they embarked and engaged in a
ten years war, at the close of which the city was burnt to the ground,
which was effected more by art than valour, and happened in the year of
the world 2820.
The Grecian captains who engaged in Menelaus's cause, having assem.
bled at Aulis, were detained some time by a prediction of Calchas the high
priest, who declared it would be a nine years labour, but that the tenth
would prove successful. This prediction he drew from a serpent's climbing
into a tree, and attacking a bird's nest with nine young ones, which he had
428 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XII.

no sooner killed than their dam suffered the same fate, when instantly the
serpent was turned into a stone. He also acquainted them of the necessity
there was, before they proceeded, to appease the resentment of Diana,
who was offended at Agamemnon's killing an hind in a grove sacred to her,
and that this could not be effected but by sacrificing a princess of the royal
blood. As soon as the king heard of this, he was upon the point of aban
doning the enterprise ; but was at length prevailed upon to send Ulysses to
Argos for his daughter Iphigenia, whom Diana prevented from being sa
crificed by accepting of Agamemnon's submission ; and, leaving an hind
for an oblation, took the princess with her to Tauris.
No sooner was Diana rendered propitious, but a favourable gale brought
the fleet to Troas, where the Phrygians were prepared to receive them.
The Greeks were likewise informed by the Oracle, that he who first went
on shore would most certainly be killed ; and Protesilaus, fearing it might
intimidate the army, most generously offered to be himself the victim, and
to sacrifice himself for the service of his country : accordingly he landed
first and met his fate from the hand of Hector, who thus informed the
Greeks what enemies they had to contend with.. Cygnus, one of Hector's
train, signalized himself so much upon this occasion, that he was taken
notice of by Achilles, who singled him out as a competitor worthy to en
counter, and on whom to make an essay of that valour which it was his
purpose to display ; wherefore he made briskly up to him, and having cast
several darts without effect, at last closed with him, and taking him in his
arms, pressed him to death, and cast his body from a rock into the sea.
The Greeks who engaged in this war, were employed nine years in reducing
the towns within land and on the coasts, before they advanced to the walls
of the city, which fell in the tenth, when Achilles was killed, whose ar
mour was contended for by Ajax and Ulysses ; but the contest being deter
mined by the Grecian captains in favour of the latter, the issue affected
Ajax so much, that he put an end to his life, and a flower grew from the
spot which was moistened by his blood.

An Historical Account of the Commanders and Heroes, &c. that engaged in

the Trojan War, whether Grecians or Trojans.

1 Agamemnon 10 Pyrrhus 1. Agamemnon ] The son of Atreus by E

2 Menelaus 11 Philoctetesrope, and brother to Menelaus, king of My
3 Achilles 12 Palamedes cena and Argos. He was elected captain ge
4 Patroclus 13 Idomeneus neral ofthe Grecian forces that were against
5 Ajax Telamonis 14 Helena Troy. When ready to return home, after
6 Ajax Oilei 15 Iphigenia the destruction of that city, he was informed
7 Ulysses 16 Teucer of Crete
by Cassandra, the daughter of Priamus, of
8 Diomedes 17 Dardanus the danger he was in from the perfidy of his
9 Nestor 18 Erichthonius.
wife Clytemnestra, and her paramour Ægis
19 Tros, and his two Sons. thus, the son of Thyestes, yet he persisted in
his purpose, and was killed by them at a ban
20 Ilus 30 Assaracus quet. His son Orestes revenged his death by
from whom the Kings from whom killing Clytemnestra and Ægisthus.
21 Laomedon 31 Capys 2. Menelaus. The son of Atreus and E
22 Priam, underwhom 32 Anchises rope, king of Sparta, brother to Agamemnon,
Troy was burned, 33 Eneas, and the and husband to Helen, who, in his absence,
23 Hector Romans was carried off by Paris, which occasioned
24 Paris 34 Hesione the Trojan war.
25 Helenus 35 Hecuba 3. Achilles.] The son of Peleus, king of
26 Deiphobus 56 Cassandra Thessaly, and Thetis a goddess of the sea, who
27 Dolon 37 Polyxena rendered her son invulnerable, except in
28 Rhesus 38 Andromache the heel by which she held him, when dip
29 Sarpedon ping him into the river Styx, He was taught
 FAB. I. METAMORPHOSEΩN .
riding and music by Chiron the Centaur. The
Oracle having declared to his mother, that
he would be slain if he engaged against the
Trojans, she therefore dressed him in wo
man's apparel, and concealed him amongst
the daughters of Lycomedes, by one of whom,
Deidamia, he had Pyrrhus. But as it had
been prophesied, that unless Achilles assisted,
Troy could not be conquered, Ulysses went in
search of him and found him. He had armour
made at the entreaty of Thetis by Vulcan,
which could not be pierced by any human
force ; but Agamemnon having deprived him
of Briseis, he would not engage ; however,
on the enemy's killing Patroclus his compa
nion, to revenge his death he mixed in battle,
and slew Hector, whose body he dragged thrice
round the walls of Troy, fastened to his cha
riot, and had a great ransom paid him for the
body by king Priam ; he himself at length
was wounded in the heel by Paris, which oc
casioned his death,
I 4. Patroclus. A noble Grecian, the sou
of Menatius, an intimate of Achilles, and
brought up with him by Chiron. He bor
rowed from Achilles his armour (as he him ,
self declined the war) that he might appear
the more terrible to the Trojans ; however
Hector engaged him, and after a severe con
1 Aict killed him, which was no sooner made
known to Achilles, than he flew to revenge
his death, and in return slew Hector.
5. Ajax. Theson of Telamon by Hesione;
he was a valiant warrior in the Grecian camp,
E and in fame next to Achilles, whose armour
1 after his death being adjudged to Ulysses,
the circumstance inflamed him to madness,
and meeting in his phrenzy a flock of sheep,
he mistook them for the Greeks, and fell upon
K them without mercy, slaying many, and in
the end killed himself with the sword given
him by Hector. The flower called the Hya
cinth is supposed to have sprung from his
blood.
6. Ajar ] The son of Oïleus, and king of
the Locrenses. He was struck with thunder
by Pallas, when on his return from Troy, for
ravishing Cassandra in her temple.
7. Ulysses. ] The son of Laertes and Anti
claa, the husband of Penelope, and lord of
the isles of Ithaca, Dulichium, &c. He was
esteemed eloquent and subtle, and experienced
many dangers and adventures before hearrived
in his country after the fate of Troy.
8. Diomedes.] The son of Tydeus by Dei
pyle, and king of Ætolia, one of the Grecian
warriors that engaged against Troy, who, on
account of the baseness of his wife's conduct,
would not return home, but seated himself in
Apulia in Italy, where he shared the king
dom with Daunus.
9. Nestor.] Theson of Neleus, king of Py
los, by Chloris, He was early bred to arms,
and was one of those who engaged the Cen
429
taurs at the wedding of Pirithous. When
well advanced in years, he joined the other
Grecks with 50 ships against Troy ; his wis
dom in council was remarkable, and his speech
so fluent and soft, that Homer declared it to`
be sweeter than honey : he died atthe age of
near three hundred years.
10. Pyrrhus. ] The son of Achilles, who
succeeded his father at the siege of Troy, and
whose assistance was deemed necessary for the
conquest of the place.
11 Philoctetes. ] The son of Pæan, and
companion of Hercules, who engaged him in
a promise not to discover where his remains
should be laid ; and to engage his secrecy,
gave him his quivers and the arrows poisoned
with the blood ofthe Hydra. The Grecians
being told that Troy could not be taken unless
the arrows of Hercules were there, found out
Philoctetes, and persuaded him to inform
them ofthe death of Hercules, and where his
remains were laid ; which, that he might not
express in words, and break his promise, he
stamped upon the spot. He was afterwards
wounded by the fall of one of these poisoned
arrows, and upon account of the stench of
the wound, they left him in the island of Lem,
nos ; thus he suffered for his treachery.
12. Palamedes.] The son of Nauplius, king
of Euboea.] When the Grecian kings that had
engaged under Agamemnon, were making
ready to depart for Troy, Ulysses, to prevent
his going with them, feigned madness, in
whichhe was detected by Palamedes, who laid
Ulysses's son in a furrow as he was ploughing,
which he no sooner perceived than he stop
ped the plough to preserve his child ; thus
his artifice was discovered, and he taken
reluctantly to the war. Ulysses being sent
into Thrace to forage for corn,, returned un
successful : Palamedes, who went upon the
same design, returned with a good quantity.
Ulysses, torevengethese insults, as he supposed
them, most basely counterfeited a letter in
the name of Priam, wherein he thanked Pa
lamedes for his intended treason, and men
tioned the gold he sent to him as a reward.
These letters were discovered, and read pub
licly in the camp, and Palamedes ordered to
appear ; when Ulysses seemed to defend him,
saying there was not any credit to be given to
the letter of an enemy, but should the trea
sure mentioned he found in his tent, then in
deed he would stand convicted : the gold
was accordingly found (for Ulysses had pre
viously conveyed it there) and Pamedes
stoned to death. His death was revenged
by Nauplius,
13. Idomeneus.] The son of Deucalion :
he was king of Crete, and engaged with the
Grecians in the Trojan war. Onhis return
he was in such danger in a storm, that he
promised, if he was preserved, to sacrifice to
the gods whatever he first met with at his
 430 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XII.
landing . This happened to be his son, whom which were of a celestial race ; this he con
he would, agreeable to his vow, have slain, sented to do, but broke again his engagement,
had not his subjects, for his inhumanity, ex upon which the hero sacked the city, killed
pelled him the kingdom. He then sailed for the king, took his son Priam prisoner, and
Italy, and built the city Petilia near Salen gave Hesione in marriage to Telamon, his
tium, a cape of Calabria. companion.
14. Helen.] The daughter of Jupiter by 22. Priam . ] The last king of Troy, as it
Leda. Her beauty was so attracting, that at fell in his time by the Grecians ; he was the
the age of nine years, she was stolen away son of Laomedon, husband of Hecuba, father
by Theseus, but sofortunate asto be recovered of Paris, and slain by Pyrrhus at the siege
by her brothers Castor and Pollux. She mar of Troy, after a reign of fifty years.
ried Menelaus, and was esteemed so great a 23. Hecto The son of king Priamus, the
beauty, that Paris came to Greece on pur most valian r.]
t hero of all the Trojan chiefs ; be
pose to see her, where Menelaus received him held out agains
t the Grecians for ten years,
with great hospitality ; but he became so but in the end was slain by Achilles, who
smitten with the charms of his wife, that con dragged his body round the walls Troy,
of and
trary to every principle of honour, he carried deservedly, for the attempt he made on A
her to Troy, which occasioned the destruc chilles to betray the Grecians, with whom he
tion of himself and that city. had engaged against Troy, who refused the
15. Iphigenia .] The daughter of Agamem body burial, until Priamus purchased it from
non by Clytemnestra. Her father having of him at an extravagant price.
fended the goddess Diana, by killing a stag
24. Paris. ] The son of Priam by Hecu
în a grove sacred to her, she in revenge, by ba : at the time of his birth ushis mother
contrary winds, detained the Grecian fleets ; dreamed she was delivered of
and the oracle informing them the goddess torch ; which was interpreted thata heburni ng
would
was only to be appeased by the shedding of occasion the destruction of Troy ; and as some
some of Agamemnon's blood, Ulysses was were for destroying him, his mother sent him
sent to Aulis for the king's daughter for the to Ida, where he lived as a shepherd and
;
intended sacrifice. But Diana being moved falling in love with the nymph Ōenoné, had
to pity, took her to Taurica, having substi a child by her. At the wedding of Peleus,
tuted an hind in her place. the goddess of Discord, in resentment of their
16. Teucer ] The son of Scamander Cre neglecting to invite her with the other deities,
tensis, king of Troy ; he reigned with his fa threw in the midst a golden apple, on which
ther-in-law, Dardanus, and from him the was written, to be given to the fairest. Juno,
Trojans had the name of Teucri. Pallas, and Venus, being of the party, this
17. Dardanus.] He, afterthe murder of his raised a contention amongst them, and they
brother, lasius, fled into Samothracia, and af agree
terwards into Asia, and resided in the Lesser d to submit their claims to the judgment.
of Paris ; who, when he had seen them naked,
Phrygia, close to the Hellespont, where he , adjudged the apple to Venus . But howev
built the city of Dardania, which was.after well they each might think thems er
elves enti
wards called Troy from Tros, the son of E tled, they endeavoure
richthonius, and grandchild of Dardanus, and ment by douceur. d Juno to influence his judg
afterwards Ilium, from Ilus, the son of Tros. kingd a promised him a
om ; Pallas the excellency of wisdom,
18. Erichthonius .] He was nourished by and Venus that he should possess the most
Minerva, and was the first that made use of a beautiful woman in the world His affairs
. in
carriage, his feet being very much deformed . some little time calling him into Greece, he
19. Tros .] The son of Erichthonius, father fell in love with Helen, esteemed the greatest
of Ilus ; he was the third king of Phrygia the beauty of her time, and in the absen of Me
ce
Less, called from him Troja. nelaus her husband, who had most hospitably
20. Ilus.] The fourth king of Troy , son of entertained him, carried her off to Troy, by
Tros, and father of Laomedon.
which the prediction at his birth, and the pro
21. Laomedon.] The son of Ilus, king of mise Venus made him, were both fatall ac
Troy, who agreed with Apollo and Neptune complished. y
for the building of the walls of this city, 23. Helenus. ] A son of king Priamus, fa
but afterwards refused them their reward ; mous for predicting events, whom the Gre
for which they visited him with plagues and cians preserved from the general ruin of
inundations, in order to destroy the city.
the Trojans. Fyrrhus, after this memorable
Laomedon upon this consulted the oracle, and war, married him to Andromache, and gave
found he was only to be relieved by annually him part of his kingdom, in which he raised
exposing a Trojan virgin to be devoured by a resembling Troy, where he entertain
sea monster ; when his daughter Hesione be aedcity Encas while wandering in search of an
came at length the devoted victim, Hercules abode .
offered to release her, and slay the monster,
provided the king would give him his horses, cuba; 26. Deiphobus.] The son of Priam by He
he married Helen after the death of
 FAB. 1. METAMORPHOSEON. 431

Paris, who betrayed him tothe Grecians, when
asleep.
27. Dolon.] A Trojan, remarkable for being
very swift ; he was detected in the Grecian
camp by Ulysses, where he came as a spy ;
and in order to ingratiate himself into their
favour, discovered all the designs of the Tro
jans ; but Ulysses, to prevent his making any
other discoveries, put him to death.
A 28. Rhesus.] A king of Thrace, who came
to the assistance of the Trojans, and brought
s with him some remarkable fine white horses.
He was killed by Ulysses the first night of
the siege.
E 29. Sarpedon.] A king of Lycia, slain by
Patroclus at the siege of Troy.
30. Assaracus.] The son of Tros, the father
of Capys, from whence descended Anchises.
C 31. Capys.] The son of Assaracus, grand
child of Tros, and father of Anchises.
32. Anchises.] The son of Capys, and father
of Æneas. Before he engaged to assist the
Trojans, he fed cattle in the woods, where
Venus fell in love with him, and had by him
Æneas ; hence he is called Anchisiades, the
son of Anchises.
S 33. Eneas.] A Trojan prince, who, after
3 the fall of Troy, settled in Italy, where he
married Lavinia, the daughter of king La
tinus, and succeeded him in his kingdom.
He and Antenor are suspected of betraying
Troy. Virgil in his account, excuses him
in this, and in every particular makes
him equal to Ulysses. When Troy was in
flames, he carried off his father Anchises
with his household gods on his shoulders,
taking his son Ascanius in his hand ; but
his wife who
t followed him, was lost in the
way. He took his father into Italy, where
he died.
54. Hesione.] The daughter of Laomedon,
king of Troy : she was exposed to a sea mon
ster, and rescued by Hercules. See No. 21 ,
55. Hecuba.] The wife of Priamus, daughter
of Cisocus, as reported by Virgil, and accord
ing to Homer, Dimas. She was queen of Troy,
and her misfortunes having deprived her of
her reason, she was said to have been trans
formed into a dog.
36 Cassandra. The daughter of Priamus
by Hecuba Apollo fell in love with her, and
to engage herto his bed, promised her the gift
of prophesy, which as soon as she obtained,
sherefusedcompliance, and this enragedApollo
so much, that he declared her predictions should
never be credited ; so that neither the Trojans,
her native people, nor Agamemnon, intowhose
hands she fell after the destruction of Troy,
were any way advantaged by her knowledge,
as they could not give any credit to her words.
She married Chorabus, and was ravished by
Ajax Oileus in the temple of Minerva.
37. Polyxena .] The daughter of Priam, and
so beautiful, that Achilles fell in love with her,
and having gained her father's consent, the
marriage was to have been celebrated in the
Temple of Apollo ; but while he was waiting
for the purpose, he was slain in a treacherous
manner by Paris. After the taking of Troy,
the ghost of Achilles appeared and demanded
Polyxena, who was offered up at his tomb.
38. Andromache.] The daughter of Eetion ,
and wife of Hector, by whom he had Astyanax.
Pyrrhus took her captive to Greece, where
she bore him Molossus.

#
FAB. I. II. & ILI. SERPENS IN LAPIDEM . IPHIGENIA IN CERVAM. CYGNUS
IN AVEM.

The Greeks assembled their troops at Aulis under Agamemnon their chief,
with intent to revenge the rape of Helen ; but their fleet is detained by
contrary winds. Calchas their priest, after a prediction containing the
success of the expedition, informs them, that the weather would never
be favourable, till Agamemnon sacrificed his daughter Iphigenia. She
is immediately led to the altar ; but Diana, appeased by their ready suba
mission , carries off the princess, and leaves a hind in her stead, when a
* fair wind arises. Upon the Greeks landing in Troas, a bloody engage
P ment ensues, in which Protesilaus is killed by Hector. Achilles kills
Cygnus a Trojan ; and his father Neptune transforms him into a swan.

ESCIUS assumptis Priamus pater Æsacon alis Pater Priamus lugebat,

NES
Vivere lugebat : tumulo quoque nomen nescius sacon vivere as,
habenti sumptis alis ; cum Hector
dederat inanes

NOTES.
2. Tumulo nomen habenti. In which the name was inscribed, but not the body interred.
432 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XII.

inferias cum fratribus tumulo Inferias dederat cum fratribus Hector inanes.
habenti nomen. Præsentia Pa- Defuit officio Paridis præsentia tristi : 4
ridis defuit tristi officio : qui
postmodò attulit longum bel- Postmodò qui raptâ longum cum conjuge bellum
lum cum raptâ conjuge in pa- Attulit in patriam : conjuratæque sequuntur
triam : que mille conjurata Mille rates, gentisque simul commune Pelasgæ.
rates sequuntur, que simul
commune Pelasgæ gentis Nec Nec dilata foret vindicta ; nisi æquora sævi
vindicta foret dilata ; n si sævi Invia fecissent venti ; Bootaque tellus
venti fecissent æquora invia ; Aulide piscosa puppes tenuisset ituras. 10
Bootaque tellus tenuisset itu- Hic patrio de more Jovi cum sacra parâssent ;
ras puppes in piscosa Aulide.
Hic cum Danaï parâssent sacra Ut vetus accensis incanduit ignibus ara-;
Jovi de patrio more, ut vetus Serpere cæruleum Danai vidêre draconem
ara incanduit ignibus accensis ; Inplatanum : cœptis quæ stabat proxima a sacris.
vidêre cæruleum draconem ser
pere in platanum : quæ stabat Nidus erat volucrum bis quatuor arbore summâ :
proxima cæptis sacris. Erat Quas, simul, et matrem circum sua damna vo
nidus volucrum bis quatuor lantem, 16
summâ serpens
corripuit, simul et matrem vo- Corrip uit s
serpen ; avidâq ue recond idit alvo.
lantern circum sua damna : que Obstupuêre omnes. At veri providus augur
recondidit avidâ alvo. Omnes Thestorides , Vincemus, ait : gaudete, Pelasgi.
obstupuêre. At Thestorides Troja cadet ; sed erit nostri mora longa laboris.
augur providus veri, ait : Gau
dete Pelasgi, vincemus . Troja Atque novem volucres in belli digerit annos. 21
cadet ; sed mora nostri laboris Ille, ut erat virides amplexus in arbore ramos,
erit longa. Atque digerit no- Fit lapis : et servat serpentis imagine saxum.
vem volucres, in annos belli. Permanet Aoniis Nereus violentus in undis :
Ille ut erat amplexus virides
ramos in arbore, fit lapis : et Velaquenon transfert: Etsunt, quiparcere Trojæ
servat saxum imagine serpen- Neptunum credant : quia mænia fecerat urbi. 26
tis. Nereus permanet violen
tus in Aoniis undis : que non
transfert vela : Et sunt, qui credant Neptuntim parcere Troja, quia fecerat mœnia urbi.
a castris.

NOTES.

3. Inferias.] Has sacrificed (those sacrifices 13. Ceruleum.] Blue, livid.

are called inferiæ, which are done to the In
feri, and dead persons) that is, he had per
formed the funeral rites, first of all by building
a sepulchre, and afterwards pouring various
libations upon it, according to custom.
4.Defuit Paridis, &c. ] Paris was absent, i. e.
he was not at the funeral of his brother Esa
cus, for he was gone to Greece to steal Helen,
whom Venus had promised him, on his being
appointed judge of the beauty of the three
goddesses, viz.: Juno, Pallas, and Venus. -
See Paris, No. 24, page 450.
5. Postmodò. ] Afterwards.
Longum.] It lasted for ten years.
7. Commune. The people of all Greece.
Pelasgi is a country of Greece. The poets
call the Grecians, Pelasgi.
9. Invia.] Unnavigable.
10. Aulide.] Agamemnon having appeased
Diana, set sail for Troy from Aulis. Aulis
is a port in Boeotia.
Tenuisset.] Had retained, kept back,
12. Incanduit.] Grew hot,
Danaï.] The Greeks, so called from king
Danaus.
14. Platanum.] Theplane tree, by spreading
out its branches, became esteemed for its shade.
Quæ stabat proxima sacris. ] Which hung
over the altar
19. Thestorides.] The famous soothsayer
Calchas, the son of Thestor.
21. Atque, &c.] And Calchas allots the
nine birds to nine years of war.
22. Ille.] The Dragon.
24. Permanet, &c ] When Agamemnon was
setting out for the Trojan war, he waited for
the Grecian princes to rendezvous at Aulis,
and in the mean time happened undesignedly,
to kill a deer of Diana's ; how this was at
oned for, you have in the introductory pre
face to this book.
25. Non transfert.] Does not transport
from Greece to Troy.
26 Quia moenia, &c.] For Neptune and
Apollo assisted in building the walls of the
city of Troy.
 FAB. II. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 433

At non Thestorides. Nec enim nescitve, tacetve At non' Thestorides. Enim

nec nescitve tacetve iram vir
Sanguine virgineo placandam virginis iram
Esse Deæ. Postquam pietatem publica causa, virgineoDeæ ginis esse placandam
sanguine. Postquam
Rexque patrem vicit ; castumque datura cruorem publica causa vicit pietatem,
Flentibus ante aram stetit Iphigenia ministris : que rex vicit patrem ; que
Victa Dea est, nubemque oculis objecit ; et inter Iphigenia datura castum cru
Officium turbamque sacri, vocesque precantum, tris orem, stetit ante
flentibus ; Deaaram
estminis
victa,
Suppositâ fertur mutâsse Mycenida cervâ. 1 que objecit nubem oculis ; et
Ergo ubi, quâ decuit, lenita est cæde Diana ; 35 fertur mut sse Mycenida cer
Et pariter Phoebus, pariter maris ira recessit : vâ suppositâ, inter officium
turbamque sacri, vocesque
Accipiunt ventos á tergo mille carinæ : precantium. Ergo ubi Diana
Multaque perpessæ Phrygiâ potiuntur arenâ. est lenita cæde quâ decuit ;
Orbe locus medio est inter terrasque, fretumque, et ira Phoebes pariter, pariter
Coelestesque plagas, triplicis confinia mundi ; 40 ira maris recessit : mille ca
rinæ accipiunt ventos à tergo :
Unde, quod est usquam, quamvis regionibus absit, que perpessæ multa potiuntur
Inspicitur ; penetratque cavas vox omnis ad aures. Phrygia arenâ. Est locus me
Fama tenet, summâque domum sibi legit in arce : dio orbe inter terrasque, fre
Innumerosque aditus, ac mille foramina tectis tumque, que cœlestes plagas,
confinia triplicis mundi ; un
Addidit, et nullis inclusit limina portis. 45
de quod usquam est inspici
Nocte dieque patent. Tota est ex a ære sonanti : tur, quamvis absit regionibus :
Tota fremit : vocesque refert ; iteratque quod que omnis vox penetrat ad
audit. cavas aures. Fama tenet, que
legit domum sibi in summâ
Nulla quies intus, nullâque silentia parte. arce que addidit innumeros
Nec tamen est clamor, sed parvæ murmura vocis : aditus, ac mille foramina tec
Qualia de pelagi , si quis procul audiat, undis 50 tis, et inclusit limina nullis
Esse solent: qualemve sonum, cùm Jupiter atras portis. Patent
Tota est ex nocte
sonanti æredieque.
: tota
Increpuit nubes, extrema tonitrua reddunt. fremit : que refert voces : ite
Atria turba tenet : veniunt leve vulgus, euntque, ratque quod audit. Nulla
Mistaque cum veris passim commenta vagantur quies intus, que silentia nullâ
Millia rumorum : confusaque verba volutant.55 parte. Tamen nec est clamor,
sed murmura parvæ vocis :
qualia solent esse de undis pelagi, si quis audiat procul : qualemve sonum extrema tonitrua
reddunt, cùm Jupiter increpuit atras nubes. Turba tenet atria : leve vulgus veniunt eunt
que. Millia commenta rumorum vagantur passim, mista cum veris : confusaque verba
volutant. a ære vel ore.

NOTES.

3 27. Nec enim, &c. ] He both knows and Heaven, Earth, and Sea.
affirms, that Diana must be appeased by the
blood of the virgin .
28. Virginis Deæ.] Of Diana.
29. Causa. ] The utility.
30. Rexque patrem vicit. ] The king over
came the father.
32. Victa.] Diana was appeased.
34. Mycenida. ] Mycenian Iphigenia.
Mycene is a city of Peloponnesus.
36. Phoebes.] Of Diana.
37. Accipiunt ventos à tergo.] Receive
the winds a-stern.
58. Phrygia arenâ.] The Trojan shore.
2 39. Orbe locus, &c.] The poet describes
the Palace of Fame.
1
40. Triplicis.] Divided into three parts :
Kkk
41. Usquam.] In any place.
Regionibus. ] Is distant the space of many
regions.
43. Tenet.] Inhabits.-Legit.] Chose.
Summâ in arce. ] On the top of the high
est tower.
44. Innumeros.] Innumerable entrances.
45. Nullis, &c.] The entrance of the
Palace of Fame is always open, there being
no gates to it.
50. Qualia, &c.] Such murmurs as used
to come from the sea.
52. Increpuit. ] Has chid, has rent.
53. Veniunt.] Synthesis.
54. Commenta.] Feigned, devised.
55. Confusaque.] Obscure, inarticulate,
 434 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XII.

E quibus hi implent vacuas E quibus hi vacuas implent sermonibus aures,

aures sermonibus , hi ferunt Hi narrata ferunt alio : mensuraque ficti
narrata alio : mensuraque fic
ti crescit : et novus auctor Crescit ; et auditis aliquid novus adjicit auctor.
adjicit aliquid auditis. Illic Illic Credulitas. illic temerarius Error,
est Credulitas, illic tenerari- Vanaque Lætitia est, consternatique Timores,
us Error, vanaque Lætitia, Seditioque repens, dubioque auctore Susurri.61
consternatique timores, que
repens Seditio, que Susurri Ipsa quid in cœlo rerum, pelagoque geratur,
dubio auctore. Ipsa videt Et tellure videt ; totumque inquirit in orbem.
quid rerum geratur in cœlo, Fecerat hæc notum, Graias cum milite forti
que pelago, tellure ; que Adventare rates : neque inexpectatus in armis
inquirit in ettotum orbem .
Hæc fecerat notum, Graias Hostis adest. Prohibent aditu, littusque tuentur
rates adventare, cum forti Troes : Hectoreâ primus fataliter hastâ, 67
milite : neque hostis adest in- Protesilae, cadis : commissaque prælia magno
expectatus in armis. Troës
prohibent aditu, que tuentur Stant Danaïs : fortesque animæ, neque cognitus
littus. Protesilaë, cadis pri Hector. 69
mus fataliter Hectorea hastâ : Nec Phryges exiguo, quid Achaïa dexterapossit,
que prælia commissa, que for
tes animæ, neque Hector cog Sanguine senserunt. Et jam Sigæa rubebant
nitus stant Danais magno. Littora : jam letho proles Neptunia Cygnus
Nec Phryges senserunt exiguo Mille viros dederat. Jam curru stabat Achilles :
sanguine, quid Achaia dex- Troaque Peliacæ sternebat cuspidis ictu
tera possit. Et jam Siga
littora rubebant : Jam Cyg- Agmina : perque acies aut Cygnum aut Hec
nus Neptunia proles dederat tora quærens , 75
mille viros letho. Jam Achil- Congreditur Cygno. Decimum dilatus in annum
les stabat in curru : que Hector erat. Tum colla jugo candentia pressos
sternebat Troa agmina ictu
Peliacæ cuspidis : que quæ Exhortatus equos , currum direxit in hostem :
rens aut Cygnum aut Hecto- Concutiensque suis a vibrantia tela lacertis,
ra
per acies, congreditur Quisquis es, ôjuvenis, solatia mortis habeto, 80
Cygno. Hector erat dilatus in
decimum annum. Tum exhortatus equos pressos candentia colla jugo, direxit currum
in hostem concutiensque vibrantia tela suis lacertis, dixit, O juvenis, quisquis es, habeto
solatia mortis, a Vulcania.
NOTES.
56. Vacuas.] Idle or empty. 70. Achaia dextera. ] The power or
59. Credulitas, &c.] The poet enumerates strength of the Greeks.
the companions of Fame. 71. Rubebant.] sc . Sanguine.
60. Consternatique.] From the effect, 72. Proles, &c. ] Cygnus, the son of Nep
which puts men into a consternation . tune, was so far protected by his father, that
62. Ipsa quid in coelo, & c.] Fame sees all he could not be wounded by any instrument
things which are done in heaven, in earth, made of steel ; he therefore presumed to en
and sea. gage with Achilles, and as often as he was as
63. Inquirit.] Examines all things that saulted with his spear, repulsed it by the
are done in the world. hardness of his body. Achilles at length
64. Fecerat hæc notum. ] Fame had di closed with and pressed him to death, and
vulged these things. attempting to strip off his armour, it was
Graias rates.] The Grecian fleet. found empty, for Neptune his •father had
66 Hostis adest ] The enemy comes. transformed him into a swan.
68. Protesilaë, &c.] An apostrophe. This 73. Dederat letho.] Had killed, had slain.
Protesilaus was the son of Iphiclus and La Achilles.] The son of Peleus and Thetis.
odamia, and husband to the daughter of A 74. Peliaca.] The spear of Achilles , cal
castus, who first of all ventured to land on the led Pelias hasta, was made of a tree that
Trojan shore, and was slain by Hector. grew in Mount Pelius.
Cadis.] Thou diest, thou art slain. 77. Colla candentia, &c.] Snowy necks,
69. Stant magno.] Cost dear, because pressed and laden with a yoke.
they have lost a most valiant man,-- Fortes 80. Solatia, &c.] A sarcasm.
que animæ. Valiant men, sc. Constant
Magno.
FAB. 11. METAMORPHOSEΩN , 435

Dixit, ab Hæmonio quòd sis jugulatus Achille. quid sis jugulatus ab Hæmo
Hectenus acides. Vocem gravis hasta secuta est. nio Achille . Hactenus Æaci
des. Gravis hasta secuta est
Sed quanquam certâ nullus fuit error in hastâ : vocem . Sed quanquam nul
Nil tamen emissi profecit acumine ferri : 84 lus error fuit in certâ hastâ ;
Utque hebeti pectus tantummodò contudit ictu ; tamen effecit nil acumine ferri
Nate Deâ, ( nam te famâ prænovimus) inquit tantumm emissi : odò
utque hebetipectus
contudit ictu
;
Ille, Quid à nobis vulnus miraris abesse " ? ille inquit, Nate Deâ (nam
(Mirabatur enim . ) Non hæc, quam cernis, equi prænovimus te famâ) quid mi
nis raris vulnus abesse à nobis ?
[træ
Fulva jubis cassis, neque onus cava parma sinis (enim mirabatur. ) Non hæc
cassis quam cernis, fulva equi
Auxilio mihi sunt ; decor est quæsitus ab istis. nis jubis, neque cava parma
Mars quoque ob hoc capere arma solet. Remo- onus sinistræ, sunt auxilio mi
quæsitus ab is
vebitur omne 91 hi : decor est
tis. Quoque Mars solet ca
Tegminis officium : tamen indestrictus abibo. pere arna ob hoc. Omne
Est aliquid, non esse satum Nereïde, sed qui officium tegminis removebi
Nereaque et natas, et totum temperat æquor. tur tamen abibo indestrictus.
Est aliquid non esse satum
Dixit : et hæsurum clypei curvamine telum 95
Nereide, sed eo, qui temperat
Misit in aciden : quod et æs, et proxima rupit Nerea et natas, et totam æ
Terga novena boum : decimo tamen orbe mo quor. Dixit hæsurum et misit in -
aciden telum curva
ratum
mine clypei : quod rupit æs et
Excutit hoc heros : rursusque trementia forti proxima novena terga boum :
Tela manu torsit : Rursus sinè vulnere corpus, tamen heros excutit hoc mo
ratum in decimo orbe. Rursus
Sincerumque fuit, nec tertia cuspis apertum, orsit trementia tela forti ma
Et se præbentem valuit destringere Cygnum . nu : que corpus fuit rursus
Haud secus exarsit, quàm Circo taurus aperto, sincerum sinè vulnere, nec
Cum sua terribili petit irritamina cornu 103 tertia cuspis valuit destringe
re Cygnum apertum, et præ
Pœniceas vestes, elusaque vulnera sentit. bentem se. Exarsit non secus
Num tamen exciderit ferrum, considerat, hastæ. quàm taurus aperto Circo.
Hærebat ligno. Manus est mea debilis ergo ; cum petit Poeniceas vestes,
sua irritamina, terribili cor
nu, que sentit elusa vulnera. Tamen considerat num ferrum hasta exciderit. Hærebat
ligno. Ait, Ergo mea manus est debilis.

NOTES.

81. Hæmonio.] Thessalian. Decimo moratum.] It stuck in, and was

82. Eacides.] Achilles, the grandson of
Eacus sc. ità fatur. 1 98. Hoc.] sc. Telum. - Heros.] Achilles.
83. Utque hebeti. ] As if it had been blunt.
86. Nate Deâ.] Of Achilles, the son of
the Goddess Thetis.
87. Ille.] Cygnus, the son of Neptune.
88. Equinis.] The heroes used to adorn
the crests of their helmets with horse-hair.
89. Cassis.] An helmet.
Cava parma. A concave shield.
90. Decor, &c.] They are for my orna
ment, not for my defence.
92. Indestrictus. ] Not so much as slightly
wounded.
93. Nereïde.] Of the nymph Thetis, the
daughter of Nereus.Sed qui ] sc. Ex eo.
a Periphrasis of Neptune.
97. Terga, &c. ] Nine hides.
held by the tenth bull's hide.
99. Torsit.] He threw at Cygnus.
100. Sincerum .] Whole, unhurt.
101. Se præbentem.] Opposing himselfto
the spear.
Destringere ] To wound slightly.
102. Circo.] The Circus, a place in which
horses and champions used to perform exer
cises, and exhibit shows to the people.
104. Pœniceas vestes.] Purple garments
stuffed with hay or straw, and made in the
shape of men, which being placed before the
wild bulls, provoked them to fight.
Elusaque. Of no effect, eluded.
106. Ergo. ] This speech is used by way of
indignation. For Achilles is angry that he
cannot wound Cygnus with his spear,
436 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XII.

et effudit in unovires quas ha- Quasque, ait, antè habuit vires, effudit in uno.
buit ante. Nam certe valuit, Nam certè valuit, vel cùm Lyrnesia primus
vel cùm prinrus disjeci Lyrne
sia mœnia ; vel cùm implevi Monia disjeci, vel cùm Tenedonque, suoque
Tenedonque, Eëtioneas The Eetion eas implevi sanguine Thebas. 110
bas cùm suo sanguine. Vel Vel cum purpureus populari cæde Caycus
cum purpureus Caycus fluxit Fluxit ; opusque meæ bis sensit Telephus hastæ.
populari cæde ; que Telephus
sensit bis opus meæ hasta. Hic quoque tot cæsis, quorum per littus acervos
Mea dextra valuit hic quo- Et feci, et video, valuit mea dextra, valetque.
que, tot cæsis, acervos quorum Dixit : et antè actis veluti malè crederet, hastam
ét feci, et video per littus, va
letque . Dixit : et misit has- Misit in adversum Lycia de plebe Menceton :
tam adversum Menoten de Loricamque simul, subjectaque pectora rupit.
Lycia plebe, veluti crederet Quo plangente gravem moribundo vertice terram,
malè antè actis : que rupit lo- Extrahit illud idem calido de vulnere telum :
ricam et simul subjecta pec
tora. Quo plangente gravem Atque ait ; Hæc manus est, hæc, quâ modò vi
terram moribundo vertice, ex cimus, hasta . 120
trahit idem illud telum de ca- Utar in hunc isdem : sit in hoc precor exitus idem.
lidó vulnere : atque ait, Hæc Sic fatus, Cygnumque petit, nec fraxinus errat :
est manus, hæc est hasta, quâ
modò vicimus. Utar isdem in Inque humero sonuit non evitata sinistro.
hunc precor idem exitus sit Indè, velut muro, solidâve à caute, repulsa est.
in hôc. Fatus sic, petit Cyg- Quà tamen ictus erat, signatum sanguine Cygnum
num, nec fraxinus
non evitata sonuit errat : que Viderat, et frustrâ fuerat gavisus, Achilles. 126
in sinistro
humero. Inde est repulsa ve- Vulnus erat nullum : sanguis fuit ille Menœtæ.
lut à muro, solidâve caute. Tum verò præceps curru fremebundus ab alto
Tamen quà erat ictus, viderat Desilit : et nitido securum cominùs hostem
Cygnum signatum sanguine,
et Achilles gavisus fuerat Ense petens, parmam gladio, galeamque cavari
frustrà. Erat nullum vulnus : Cernit ; et in duro lædi quoque corpore ferrum .
s que adversa reducto
tum sanguis
Veròfuit
ille fremebundus desi. Haud tulit ulteriù ; clypeo
Menceta
lit præceps ab alto curru : et Ter quater ora viri, capulo cava tempora pulsat,
petens hostem securum comi- Cedentique sequens instat : turbatque, ruitque;
nùs nitido ense, cernit par
mam que galeam cavari gladio : et quoque ferrum ledi in duro corpore . Haud tulit
ulteriùs, clypeoque reducto ter quater pulsat adversa ora viri, cava tempora capulo, que
Achilles sequens instat cedenti ; turbatque ruitque ;

NOTES.

108. Lyrnesia. ] Lyrnesius was a city of
Troas, from whence Achilles stole Briseis.
109. Tenedon.] An island over against
the Trojan shore. K as others say, the Lycians.
110. Eetioneas ] Eetion, the father of
Andromache, reigned in Thebes.
111. Populari cæde ] The slaughter of
his people.- Caycus.] A river of Mysia,
which country the Greeks laid waste, that
it might not assist the Trojans.
112. Opusque.] The virtue. Telephus,
king of Mysia, who stopped the Greeks in
their passage to Troy, was wounded by
Achilles ; his wound festering, he consulted
the Oracle, and was answered, that he must
be cured by the same spear that wounded
him, therefore being reconciled to Achilles,
was cured by the rust of his spear.
Telephus.] The son of Hercules, by the
nymph Auge, who being exposed, is said to
have been nourished by a hind ; and when
grown up, reigned over the Mysians, or,
113. Antè actis. ] The slaughter he had
made before.
118. Plangente. ] Striking.
121. Isdem.] The same spear, and the
same hand.
122. Fraxinus. ] The spear made of an ash
tree.
123. Non evitata. ] sc. Cygno.
124. Solidâve caute.] As from a solid rock.
125. Signatum. ] Stained.
129. Securum. ] Fearing nothing, because
he could not be wounded.
131. Lædi.] Grown blunt.
133. Ter quater. ] Several times.
154. Cedentique . ] Retreating .
 FAB. 111. METAMORPHOSEΩN. 437

Attonitoque negatrequiem. Pavoroccupat illum: Que negat requiem attonito.

Ante oculosque natant tenebræ, retroqueferenti Pavor occupat illum : tenebræ
natant ante oculos, que lapis
Aversos passus medio lapis obstitit arvo. 137 medio arvo obstitit ferenti re
Quem super impulsum resupino pectore Cygnum trò aversos passus . Super
Vi multa vertit, terræque affixit Achilles. [ris, quem vertit Cygnum multâ
Tum, clypeo genibusque premens præcordiadu- vi impulsum resupino pectore,
que Achilles affixitterræ. Tum
Vincla trahit galeæ. Quæ presso subdita mento premens præcordia clypeo que
Elidunt fauces ; et respiramen iterque 142 duris genibus, trahit vincla ga
Eripiunt animæ. Victum spoliare parabat : leæ, quæ subdita presso mento,
elidunt fauces ; et eripiunt re
Arma relicta videt. Corpus Deus æquoris albam spiramen iterque animæ. Pa
Contulit in volucrem ; cujus modò nomen ha- rabat spoliare victum : videt
bebat. arma relicta. Deus contulit
corpus in albam volucrem ; no
men cujus habebat modò.

NOTES.

136. Natant.] Roll, float. 143. Victum.] sc. Cygnum.

139. Terræque affixit.] Laid prostrate. 144. Deus æquoris.] Neptune, the God of
141. Trahit.] Drew tight. the Sea, the father of Cygnus.
142. Elidunt. ] Press or squeeze together. 145. Contulit.] Transformed.

EXP. FAB. I. II. & III . Cygnus, who was killed by Achilles, and whose
body he cast from a rock into the sea, is said to be the son of Neptune,
who to perpetuate his memory, turned him into a Swan ; but these two cir
cumstances arose from the following particulars. First, from Cygnus being
a prince very powerful at sea ; again, from the resemblance his name had
to that bird.
To trace an origin to divine ancestors, was the prevailing folly of these
times ; and to humour this last shift of exhausted flattery, the ancients
1 rarely failed to furnish some story of a metamorphosis. As to what is ob
served respecting the Serpent, and the necessity of sacrificing to the god
1
dess Diana, it is supposed they had no other foundation than a desire some
prince had of adding the marvellous to an undertaking that it was expected
would be attended with a variety of difficulties, while others think them the
invention of some one of the commanders, who, not esteeming Agamem
non, would willingly have declined serving under him ; and hoped, by this
prince's refusal of his daughter for the sacrifice, and the length of time the
siege was to hold, to have prevented him from accepting the command of
fered him, by which means his own desire would have been accomplished ,

FAB. IV. V. VI. & VII. CENIS IN VIRUM INVULNERABILEM. PERICLY

MENUS IN VARIAS FIGURAS. APOLLO IN ALEXANDRUM.

1 The Greeks and Trojans, after the first skirmish , make a truce ; and the
Grecian Princes, assembled at a feast, express their surprise at Cygnus
being invulnerable. Nestor takes occasion from thence to relate several
remarkable circumstances of the fight between the Centaurs and Lapi
thites ; and among others, how the nymph Cænis, after having yielded
to Neptune's caresses, had been transformed into a Man, and made in
vulnerable ; and how the Centaurs, after various unsuccessful attempts
on him, were obliged to press him to death, as Achilles had done Cyg
nus. Periclymenus, Nestor's brother, who had received from Neptune
the power oftransforming himself, is changed into an Eagle in one of his
433 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIL

combats with Hercules ; and , in his flight, is shot by the hero with an ar
row. Neptune prays Apollo to revenge Cygnus's death for him ; because
destiny did not allow him to do it himself. Apollo enters the Trojan
camp in disguise, and directs the arrow which Paris shot at Achilles, who
is mortally wounded in the heel, the only part of his body which was
vulnerable.

Hic labor, hæc pugna at- HIC labor, hæc requiem multorum pugna
tulit requiem multorum die dierum
rum et utraque pars substitit
armis positis. Dumque vigil Attulit : et positis pars utraque substitit armis.
custodia servat Phrygios mu- Dumque vigil Phrygios servat custodia muros ;
ros ; et vigil custodia servat Et vigil Argolicas servat custodia fossas :
Argolicas fossas ; festa dies a- Festa dies aderat ; quâ Cygni victor Achilles 5
victor
Cygni placabat Pallada san- Pallada vittatæ placabat sanguine vaccæ.
guine vittatæ vaccæ. Prosecta Cujus ut imposuit prosecta calentibus aris
cujus ut imposuit calentibus Et Dis acceptus penetravit in æthera nidor ;
aris ; et nidor acceptus Dís
penetravit in æthera ; sacra tu- Sacra tulêre suam : pars est data cætera mensis.
lêre suam : cætera pars est da- Discubuêre toris proceres ; et corpora tostâ 10
ta mensis. Proceres discu- Carne replent : vinoque levant curasque sitimque,
buêre toris ; et replent corpora Non illos citharæ, non illos carmina vocum ,
tostâ carne etlevant curasque
sitimque vino. Non cithara Longave multifori delectat tibia buxi :
delectant illos, non carmina Sed noctem sermonetrahunt : virtusque loquendi
vocum illos, ve longa tibia Materia est, Pugnas referunt hostisque suamque.
multifori buxi delectat illos : Inque vices adita atque exhausta pericula sæpè
sed trahunt noctem sermone :
virtusque est materia loquendi. Commemorare juvat. Quid enim loqueretur
Referunt pugnas hostisque su Achilles ? [Achillem ?
amque. Que juvat in vices Aut quid apud magnum potiùs loquerentur
commemorare pericula adita
atque sæpè exhausta . Enim Proxima præcipuè domito victoria Cygno
quid Achilles loqueretur ? aut In sermone fuit. Visum mirabile cunctis ; 20
quid potius loquerentur apud Quòd juveni corpus nullo penetrabile telo,
magnum Achillem ? Proxima Invictumque ad vulnera erat, ferrumque terebat.
victoria Cygno domito fuit
præcipuè in sermone. Visum Hoc ipsum acides, hoc mirabantur Achivi.
mirabile cunctis ; quòd corpus
erat juveni penetrabile nullo telo, invictumque ad vulnera, que terebat ferrum. Æacides
mirabatur hoc ipsum; Achivi mirabantur hoc.
•
NOTES.

1. Hic labor, &c.] The poet, in his de
scription of the double transformation of Ca
neus, (for he was transformed from a wo
man into a man, and from a man into a
bird,) first relates the sacrifices and feasts
of the Grecian princes, and the battle of the
Lapitha and Centaurs, at the wedding of
Pirithous.
4. Argolicas fossas.] The trenches of the
Grecian camp .
6. Vittatæ vaccæ.] The beasts that were
to be sacrificed were always adorned with rib
bands, &c. Statius , Vittatâ genitrix placata
juvencâ est.
7. Prosecta.] The flesh cut in pieces, the
antrails.
8. Acceptus.] Grateful.- -Nidor.] Odor
is properly of toasted (broiled) flesh ; so
Homer , Iliad a. Κνισση δ ' ουρανον ικεν, &c.
9. Sacra ] The sacrifice had its particular
portion.
10. Toris.] On beds, couches, or carpets
spread . For the ancients used to eat their
meals in that posture.
13. Multifori ] Having many holes. These
are the diversions of idle and effeminate per
sons, not of valiant warriors.
14. Virtusque.] Valour.
16. Adita atque exhausta.] Undertaken
and surmounted.
22. Terebat.] Blunted the edge.
23. Achivi ] The Greeks.
 FAB. IV. METAMORPHOSEON." 439

Cùm sic Nestor ait : Vestro fuit unicus ævo Cùm Nestor ait sic : Unicus
Contemptor ferri, nulloque forabilis ictu 25 contemptor ferri fuit in vestro
ævo, Cygnus : que forabilis
Cygnus. At ipse olim patientem vulnera mille nullo ictu. At ipse vidi Perr
"
Corpore non læso Perrhæbum Cænea vidi' : hæbum Cænea olim patientem
Cænea Perrhæbum ; qui factis inclytus Othryn mille vulnera ; Perrhæbum
Cænea: qui inclytus factis in
Incoluit, quoque id mirum magis esset in illo ; coluit Othryn , quoque id esso
Fomina natus erat. Monstrinovitate moventur, magìs mirum in illo, natus e
Quisquis adest : narretque rogant ; quos inter rat fœmina. Quisquis adest,
Achilles, 31 moventur novitate monstri ;
que rogant narret ; inter quos
Dic age ( nam cunctis eadem est audire voluntas ) Achilles, Age dic (nam
eadem
O facunde senex, ævi prudentia nostri : voluntas audire est cunctis ) O
pi Quis fuerit Cæneus, cur in contraria versus ; facunde senex, prudentia nos
Quâ tibi militiâ, cujus certamine pugnæ 35 tri ævi ; quis fuerit Cæneus,
sit victus , si victus ab ullo est. cur versus in contraria : quâ
Cognitus ; à quo militiâ cognitus tibi, certami
Tumsenior : Quamvis obstet mihi tarda vetustas ; ne cujus pugnæ ; à quo sit
Multeque me fugiant primis spectata sub annis; victus, si est victus ab ullo.
Plura tamen memini : nec, quæ magis hæreat Tum senior : Quamvis tarda
vetustas obstet mihi ; que mul
illà, 39 ta spectata sub primis annis
Pectore res nostro est, inter bellique domique fugiant me ; tamen memini
Acta tot. Ac si quem potuit spatiosa senectus plura : nec est res quæ magis
hæreat nostro pectore illâ ;
Spectatorem operum multorum reddere : Vixi inter
tot acta bellìque domi
Annos bis centum : nunc tertia vivitur ætas. que. Ac si spatiosa senectus
Clara decore fuit proles Elateïa Cænis, potuit reddere quem specta
Thessalidum virgo pulcherrima ; perque pro- bis torem multorum operum : vixi
centum annos : nunc tertia
pinquas, ofthe same nation 43 atas vivitur . Cænis Elateia
Perque tuas urbes (tibi enim popularis, Achille) proles fuit virgo clara decore,
Multorum frustrà votis optata procorum . pulcherrima Thessalidum :
que optata frustrà votis mul
Tentâsset Peleus thalamos quoque forsitan illos ; torum procorum, perque pro
pinquas, perque tuas urbes
(enim, Achille, popularis tibi. ) Forsitan Peleus quoque tentâsset illos thalamos :
NE NOTES.
25. Forabilis.] Penetrable. 32. Audire. ] Audiendi.'
27. Cænea.] Canis was the daughter of 33. Facunde.] Nestor is said to have lived
Elateus the Lapithan, whom Neptune rav three ages, and was one of the most eloquent
ished, and afterwards promised to grant her of the Greeks. 7
whatever she wished for. She desired to be 34. In contraria versus.] Of a woman
transformed into a man, and to be invulner turned into a man.
able. Neptune granted her wish, and he was 36. Sit victus, &c.] Achilles doubts, whe
called Cæneus ; he neither did sacrifice, nor ther Caneus, being invulnerable, was over
prayed to any of the Gods, but only to his come by any one.
1 spear, and compelled strangers to sacrifice 37. Quamvis obstet, &c.] Although age
to it. By this impiety, he raised Jupiter's has, impaired my memory, and I have for
anger against him. At the wedding of Pi gotten many things, yet I remember a great
rithous, he fought with the Centaurs, and many more.
slew many of them. without being wounded 40. Domique.] And in peace.
by their weapons, but he was at last over 43.] Tertia.] The third age. See verse 33.
come by the Centaurs, by their throwing 44. Elateia.] See verse 27.
great trunks of trees upon him, he was af 45. Thessalidum.] Of the Thessalian vir
terwards transformed by Neptune into a gins.
bird. 46. Tibi enim popularis, &c.] She was of
Perrhæbum.] The Perrhæbi are a the same people as thou art, O Achilles.
people of Thessaly. 47. Multorum frustrâ.] For she would
28. Inclytus.] Famous. not be married to any man.
Othryn.] A mountain of Thessaly.
440 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XII.

sed aut connubia matris tuæ Sed jam aut contîgerant illi connubia matris,
jam contigerant illi, aut fue- Aut fuerant promissa, tuæ. Nec Canis in ullos
rant promissa. Nec Canis de
nupsit in ullos thalamos : que Denupsit thalamos ; secretaque littora carpens
carpens secreta littora passa Æquorei vim passa Dei est. Ità Fama ferebat.
est vim æquorei Dei. Fama Utque novæ Veneris Neptunus gaudia cepit ;
ferebat ità. Utque Neptunus Sint tua vota licet, dixit secura repulsæ :
cœpit gaudia novæ Veneris :
dixit, Licet sint tua vota se- Elige quid voveas. Eadem hoc quoque fama
cura repulsa elige quid vo ferebat. 55
veas. Eadem fama ferebat Magnum, Cænis ait, facit hæc injuria votum,
hoc quoque. Cænis ait, hæc
injuria facit magnum votum, Tale pati nil posse mihi. Da fœmina ne sim ;
posse mihi pati nil tale . Da Omnia præstiteris. Graviore novissima dixit
ne sim fœmina. præstiteris Verba sono : poteratque viri vox illa videri :
omnia. Dixit novissima ver- Sicut erat. Nam jam voto Deus æquoris alti 60
ba graviore sono : que illa
vox poterat videli viri : sicut Annuerat : dederatque super : nec saucius ullis
erat. Nam jam Deus alti æ- Vulneribus fieri, ferròve occumbere posset.
quoris annuerat voto : deder- Munere lætus abit : studiisque virilibus ævum
atque super ne posset fieri
saucius ullis vulneribus, ve Exigit Atracides, Peneïaque barva pererrat.
occumbere ferro. Abit Atra- Duxerat Hippodamen audaci Ixione natus :65
cides lætus munere : que ex- Nubigenasque feros, positis ex ordine mensis,
igit ævum virilibus studiis
que perrerrat Peneïa arva. Arboribus tecto discumbere jusserat antro.
Natus audaci Ixione duxerat Hæmonii proceres aderant : aderamus et ipsi :
Hippodamen : que jusserat Festaque confusâ resonabat regia turbâ. [mant:
feros nubigenas discumbere Ecce canunt Hymenæon ; et ignibus atria fu
mensis positis ex ordine, an
tro tecto arboribus. Hæmo- Cinctaque adest virgo matrum nuruumque ca
nii proceres aderant : et ipsi Præsignis facie. Felicem diximus illâ [terva,
aderamus : festaque regia re- Conjuge Pirithoum: quod penè fefellimus omen.
sonabat confusâ turbâ. Ecce
canunt Hymenæon : et atria fumant ignibus : que virgo adest cincta catervâ matrum, nur
uumque præsignis facie. Diximus Pirithoum felicem illâ conjuge, quod omen penè fefellimus.
a Tale pati jam posse nihil, &c. vel, Tale pati da posse nihil, &c. b rura frequentat.

NOTES.

49. Matris.] Of Thetis your mother.
51. Secretaque littora carpens.] And
walking on the private shore.
52. Æquorei Dei.] Of Neptune, the God
of the sea.
Ità Fama ferebat.] It was said by every
one that Canis was deflowered by Neptune.
54. Sint, &c.] You may wish for what you
please, you shall have no denial.
55. Voveas.] You wish for.
56. Magnum facit votum.] It makes me
wish boldly, or great things.
57. Tale pati nil posse mihi.] Grant me,
that I may not again suffer any such violence.
58. Graviore sono.] With a stronger
voice, for being turned into a man, the
voice was stronger than that of women.
60. Æquoris alti. ] Of the deep sea.
61. Annuerat.] Had granted what she
wished for,-Dederatque super .] And had
granted over and above.
64. Atracides.] Caeneus, so called from
Atrax, a city of Thessaly, not far from the
river Peneus- Penciaarva] Fields through
which the river Peneus flows.
65. Duxerat, &c ] Pirithous, the son of
Ixion, had married Hippodamia, and had
invited the Centaurs and Lapith to the
wedding, but the Centaurs and chiefly Eu
rytus, growing warm with wine, attempted
to violate the bride, which occasioned a
bloody fray, in which the Lapitha were the
conquerors.
Ixione natus. ] Pirithous, the son of Ixion.
66. Feros. ] Fierce.
68. Hæmonii proceres.] The princes of
Thessaly,
69. Confusâ ] Of various people.
70. Hymenæon.] A nuptial song. Hy
men presided over weddings.- Ignibus.]
With incense thrown upon the altars, for
at weddings there were altars erected, and
sacred rites performed.
71. Cinctaque, &c.] Surrounded with a
great number of matrons.
73. Fefellimus. ] We were mistaken, be
cause of the fray that happened afterwards.
 FAB. V. METAMORPHOSEON. 441

Nam tibi, sævorum sævissime Centaurorum Nam ebrietas geminata libi

Euryte, quam vino pectus, tam virgine visâ 75 dine regnat tibi, Euryte, sa
vissime sævorum Centauro
Ardet : et ebrietas geminata libidine regnat.
Protinus eversæ turbant convivia mensæ : rum : quàm pectus ardet vi
no, tam virgine visa. Proti
Raptaturque comis per a vim nova nupta pre nùs eversæ mensæ turbant
hensis. convivia que nova nupta
[bârant, raptatur per vim comis pre
Eurytus Hippodamen , alii, quam quisque pro- hensis. Eurytus Hippodamen,
Aut poterant, rapiunt : captæque erat urbis alii rapiunt quam quisque
imago. / 80 probârant, aut poterant : que
Fœmineo clamore sonat domus. Ociùs omnes erat mus imago
sonat captæ urbis.
foemineo Do.
clamore
Surgimus: et primus, Quæ te vecordia, Theseus, Omnes surgimus ocius : et
Euryte, pulsat, ait ; qui me vivente lacessas Theseus primus ait, Euryte,
Pirithoum, violesque duos ignarus in uno? quæ vecordia pulsat te qui
lacessas Pirithoum me vivente,
Neve ea magnanimus frustrà memoraverit heros ; que ignarus violes duos in
Submovet instantes : raptamque furentibus aufert. uno ? Neve magnanimus he
Ille nihil contra : neque enim defendere verbis ros memoraverit
Talia facta potest : sed vindicis ora protervis fert raptam
submove t instantesea: que
frustrâ,
au
furentibus . Ille
Insequitur manibus, generosaque pectora pulsat. dixit nihil contrà : neque
Fortè fuit juxtà signis exstantibus asper 90 enim potest defendere talia
Antiquus bcrater, quem vastum vastior ipse facta verbis : sed insequitur
Sustulit Ægides ; adversaque misit in ora. ora vindicis protervis mani
bus, que pulsat generosa pec
Sanguinis ille globos pariter, cerebrumque, me- tora. Fortè antiquus crater,
rumque 93 asper exstantibus signis, fuit
Vulnere et ore vomens, madidâ resupinus arena juxtà, ipse vastior vastumque
quemsustulit, Egides
misit
Calcitrat. Ardescunt germanâ cæde bimembres : in adversa ora. Ille vomens
Certatimque omnes uno ore, Arma, arma, lo globos sanguinis pariter, cere
quuntur. brumque, merumque, vulnere
I Vina dabant animos : et primâ pocula pugnâ et ore, calcitrat resupinus ma
dida arena. Bimembres ar
Missa volant, fragilesque, cadi, curvique Tebetes : descu germa
nt nâ cæde, que
Res epulis quondam, nunc bello et cædibus, aptæ, omnes certatim loquuntur uno
Primus Ophionides Amycus penetralia donis 100 ore, Arma, arma. Viņa da
Haud timuit spoliare suis ; et primus ab æde bant animos : et primâ pugnâ,
pocula missa, fragilesque cadi,
Lampadibus densum rapuit funale coruscis : curvique lebetes volant : res
quondam aptæ epulis, nunc
bello et cædibus. Ophionides Amycus primus haud timuit spoliare penetralia suis donis, et
primus rapuit funale densum coruscis lampadibus ab æde :
$ a humum. b Auratus.

NOTES,

75. Virgine. ] Hippodamia. 90. Exstantibus.] Embossed, chased.

79. Eurytus.] sc. Rapit.
81. Sonat.] Resounds, rings with the
noise.
82. Quæ te, &c.] Theseus takes the part
of Pirithous, with whom he was so closely
united, that he looked upon him as another
self.
85. Pulsat.] Drives thee on.
Lacessas.] Dost provoke to anger.
86. Submovet.] He drives back.
Furentibus .] From the raging Centaurs.
87. Ille.] Eurytus .
88. Vindicis. ] Of Theseus, who delivered
the bride from the rudeness of the Centaurs.
91. Antiquus.] Old, antique.
Vastum.] Very large.
92, Ægides.] Theseus, the son of Ægeus.
95. Calcitrat.] Lies sprawling.
Bimembres.] The Centaurs, halfman half
horse.
96. Loquuntur.] They cry out.
97. Vina, &c.] In another place he says,
✔ Vina parant animos.”
96. Cadi.] The wine vessels, the casks in
which the wine was kept.
100. Ophionides.] The son of Ophion.
Penetralia.] The sacred places, or the
innermost parts of the palace,
L11
442 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIL

que illisit elatum altè, veluti Elatumque alte, veluti qui candida tauri
qui molitur candida colla tau Rumpere sacrificâ molitur colla securi,
ri sacrificâ securi fronti Lapi
the Celadontis : et reliquit Illisit fronti Lapitha Celadontis : et ossa 105
ossa confusa in non agnoscen- Non agnoscendo confusa reliquit in ore.
do ore. Oculi exsiluêre : que Exsiluere oculi ; disjectisque ossibus oris
ossibus oris disjectis, naris est Acta retro naris, medioque infixa palato est.
retro acta, que infixa medio
palato. Bellates Pellæus stra- Hunc pede convulso mensæ Pellæus acernæ
vit hunc humi pede acernæ Stravit humi Bellates , dejecto in pectore mento :
e tem sanguine dentes,
jecto pectore : mento
mensæin convulso, de- Cumqu
que mittit Vulnere atro mistos
Tartar sputanto
eas gemina mittit ad umbras.
sputantem dentes mistos cum
atro sanguine, ad Tartareas Proximus ut steterat, spectans altaria vultu
umbras vulnere geminato. Fumida terribili , Cur non , ait, utimur istis ?
Ut steterat
tans fumida proximu Cumque suis Gryneus immanem sustulit aram
altaria sterribili
, spec-
vultu, ait, Cur non utimur Ignibus, et medium Lapitharum jecit in agmen:
istis ? que Gryneus sustulit Depressitque duos, Brotean et Orion : Orio
immanem aram cum suis igni- Mater erat Mycale : quam deduxisse canendo
men et
bus, Lapitha rummedium
jecit in : depressitSæpè reluctanti constabat cornua Lunæ.
ag-
que duos, Brotean et Orion : Non impune feres, teli modò copia detur, 120
Mycale erat mater Orio : que Dixerat Exadius. Telique habet instar, in altâ
constabat sæpe deduxisse cor Quæ fuerant pinu , votivi cornua cervi.
nua reluctanti Lunæ canendo.
Exadius dixerat, Non feres Figitur huic duplici Gryneus in lumina ramo :
impunè, modò copia teli de- Eruiturque oculos. Quorum pars cornibus hæret:
tur. Que habet instar teli Pars fluit in barbam ; concretaque sanguine pen
cornua votivi cervi, quæ fue det. 125
rant in
gitur altâduplici
huic Gryneus
pinu. ramo fi Ecce rapit mediis flagrantem Rhotus ab aris
in lu-
mina : eruiturque oculos. Primitium torrem : dextrâque à parte Charaxi
Pars quorum hæret cornibus : Tempora perfringit fulvo protecta capillo.
pars fluitconcreta
pendet in barbam ; que Correpti rapidâ, veluti seges arida, flammâ
sanguine.
Ecce Rhaetus rapit primitium Arserunt crines: et vulnere sanguis inustus 180
torrem flagrantem ab mediis Terribilem stridore sonum dedit ; ut dare ferrum
aris : que perfringit tempora Igne rubens plerumque solet, quod forcipe curvâ
protecta fulvo capillo Charaxi Cùm faber eduxit, lactibus demittit. At illud
à dextrâ parte. Crines correpti
rapidâ flammâ, arserunt veluti Stridet ; et in tepidâ submersum sibilat undâ.
arida seges ; et sanguis inustus
vulnere dedit terribilem sonum stridore ; ut ferrum rubens igne plerumque solet, quod cùn
faber eduxit curvâ forcipe, demittit lacubus. At illud stridet, et submersum in tepidâ undi
sibilat. a Prunitium.

NOTES.

104. Sacrificâ securi.] Sacrificing Ax. 118. Canendo.] By enchantments. So

105. Illisit.] He dashed against.
106. Confusa ore.] Confused, so that it
could not be known.
107. Disjectisque. ] Being parted asunder,
separated, dislocated.
109. Pellæus ] Pella is a city of Macedo,
nia - Acerna.] Made of maple.
119. Stravit.] He laid flat, or along on
the ground.
111 Sputantem. ] Spitting out.
112. Mittit Tartareas ad umbras.] He
slays, sends to the shades below.
115. Immanem.] Very large.
1 that Mycale was a Thessalian witch.
121. Teli habet cornua, &c.] Exadius
catches up the horns of a stag, dedicated to
Diana, pulling them out of a pine, in which
they had been fixed.
123. Duplici ramo .] The two branching
horns of the stag.
127. Primitium. ] Chief, of a large size.
131. Dedit sonum.] Made a noise.
132. Igne rubens.] Red hot.
135. Eduxit. ] Has drawn out of the fire.
Lacubus.] The water-trough,
134. Sibilat. Hisses.
 FAB. V. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 443

* Saucius hirsutis avidum de crinibus ignem 135 Saucius excutit avidum ignem
Excutit: inque humeros limen tellure revulsum de crinibus ; que tollit limen
Tollit, onus plaustri; quod ne permittat in hos- revulsum tellure in humeros,
onus plaustri : quod ipsa gra
сн tem , vitas facit, ne permittat in
Ipsa facit gravitas. Socium quoque saxea moles hostem. Quoque saxea moles
oppressit socium Cometem
* Oppressit spatio stantem propiore Cometem : propiore spatio : nec Rhœtus
* Gaudia nec retinet Rhoetus: Sic comprecor, in- retinet gaudia : Inquit, Sic,
k. quit ; 140 comprecor, sit cætera turba
Cætera sit fortis castrorum turba tuorum : tuorum castrorum fortis : que
novat repetitum vulnus semi
Semicremoque novat repetitum stipite vulnus : cremo stipite : rupit junctu
Terque quaterque gravi juncturas verticis ictu ras verticis gravi ictu terque
la Rupit : et in liquido sederunt ossa cerebro. quaterque et ossa sederunt,
Corythumqu in liquido cerebro. Victor
* Victor ad Evagrum , e, Dryantaque transit ad Evagrum, Cory
transit. E
145 thumque, Dryantaque.
E quibus ut primâ tectus lanugine malas quibus Corythus ut tectus
malas primâ lanugine procu
Procubuit Corythus : puero quæ gloria fuso
buit ; Evagros ait, Quæ gloria
Parta tibi est? Evagros ait. Nec dicere Rhœtus parta est tibi, puero fuso ?
Plura sinit: rutilasque ferox in aperta loquentis Nec Rhœtus sinit dicereplura :
Condidit ora viri, perque os in pectora, flammas. que ferox condidit rutilas
Te quoque, sæve Drya, circùm caput igne ro flammas in aperta ora viri lo
quentis, perque os in pectora.
3: tato, 151 Quoque, sæve Drya, insequi
Insequitur : sed non in te quoque constitit idem tur te igne rotato circùm ca
Exitus : assiduæ successu cædis ovantem, put ; sed non idem exitus con
Quà juncta est humero cervix , sude figis obustâ. stitit
vantem te quoquecædis
in successu o
; figissude
Ingemuit, duroque sudem vix osse revellit 155 obustá qua parte cervix est
Rhœtus ; et ipse suo madefactus sanguine fugit. juncta humero. Rhoetus in
Fugit et Orneus, Lycabasque, et saucius armo gemuit, que vix revellit su
Dexteriore Medon, et cum Pisenore Thaumas : dem durousosse ; que ipse fugit .
madefact suo sanguine. Et
Quique pedum nuper certamine vicerat omnes Orneus fugit, Lycabasque, et
Mermeros : accepto nunc vulnere tardiùs ibat : Medon saucius dexteriore ar
Et Pholus, et Melaneus, et Abas a prædator mo, et Thaumas cum Piseno
4. re : que Mermeros qui nuper
aprorum : 161 vicerat omnes certamine pe
Quique suis frustrà bellum dissuaserat augur dum ; nunç ibat tardiùs vul
Astylos. Ille etiam metuenti vulnera Nesso, nere accepto : et Pholus, et
Melaneus, et Abas prædator
Ne fuge ; ad Herculeos, inquit, servaberis arcus. aprorum; que Astylos augur,
qui frustrà dissuaserat bellum
suis. Ille etiam inquit Nesso metuenti vulnera, Ne fuge : servaberis ad Herculeos arcus.
a venator.

NOTES.

137. Onus plaustri. ] Shows the bigness
of the stone. Permittat.] Should cast or
throw.
18 138. Ipsa gravitas.] The weight itself.
Saxea moles.] An huge stone.
140. Gaudia, &c.] Rhaetus shows himself
pleased with the thoughts of the death of
Comete.
142. Semicremoque.] Half burnt.
143. Terque quaterque.] Very often ; a
finite number for an infinite.
144.
brain . Sederunt.] Were fixed, sunk into the
146. Tectus malas. ] Having his cheeks
covered.- Lanugine.] With a downy beard.
147. Fuso. ] Being slain, laid prostrate.
150. Condidit.] Buried it.
152. Sed, &c.] For Dryas had at first
put the Centaurs and Rhoetus to flight.
154. Sude obustâ.] With a stake hardened
in the fire.
157. Armo ] The shoulder.
162. Suis.] The Centaurs.
164. Ad Herculeos, &c.] Nessus, when
he attempted to offer violence to Deianira,
the wife of Hercules, was shot with an ar
 444 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XII. F

At Eurynomus, Lycidasque et At non Eurynomus, Lycidasque, et Arêos et

Arêos et Imbreus non effu Imbreus 165
gêre necem: quos omnes dex
tra Dryantis perculit adversos. Effugêre necem : quos omnes dextra Dryantis
Tu quoque, Crenæe, tulisti Perculit adversos. Adversum tu quoque, quamvis
adversum vulnus, quamvis Terga fugæ dederas, vulnus, Crenæe, tulisti.
dederas terga fugæ. Nam Nam grave respiciens inter duo lumina ferrum,
respiciens accipis grave fer
rum inter duo lumina, quà Quà naris fronti committitur, accipis, imæ.
naris committitur imæ fronti. In tanto fremitu ductis sinè fine jacebat 171
Aphidas jacebat sopitus vinis Sopitus vinis, et inexperrectus Aphidas :
duetis sinè fine, et inexper- Languentique manu carchesia mista tenebat,
rectus in tanto fremitu, que
tenebat mista carchesia lan- Fusis in Ossææ villosis pellibus ursæ. [tem
guenti manu, fusus in villosis Quem procul ut vidit frustrà nulla arma moven
pellibus Ossææ ursæ. Quem Inserit amento digitis, Miscendaque, dixit, 176
ut Phorbas vidit procul mo
ventem nulla arma, inserit Cum Styge vina bibas, Phorbas. Nec plura
digitos amento, que dixit, Bi moratus
bas vina miscenda cum Styge. In juvenem torsit jaculum : serrataque collo
Nec moratus plura torsit ja
culum in juvenem : serrataque Fraxinus, ut casu jacuit resupinus, adacta est.
fraxinus adacta est collo, ut Mors a caruit sensu : plenoque è gutture fluxit
casu jacuit resupinus. Mors Inque toros, inque ipsa niger carchesia sanguis.
caruit sensu : que niger san- Vidi ego Petræum conantem evellere terrâ
guis fluxit è pleno gutture in
toros, inque ipsa carchesia. Glandiferam quercum : quam dum complexibus
Ego vidi Petræum conantem ambit ;
evellere terrâ glandiferam Et quatit huc illuc, labefactaque roborajactat,
quercum : quam dum ambit
complexibus ; et quatit huc Lancea Pirithoi costis immissa Petræi 185
illuc, que jactat labefacta ro- Pectora cum duro luctantia robore fixit.
bora, lancea Pirithoi immis- Pirithoi virtute Lycum cecidisse ferebant :
sa costis fixit pectora Petræi Pirithoi cecidisse Chromin . Sed uterque minorem
luctantia cum duro robore . Victori titulum, quam Dictys, Helopsque de
Ferebant Lycum cecidisse
virtute Pirithoi : Chromin derunt. - 189
cecidisse Pirithoi : sed uter- Fixus Helops jaculo, quod pervia tempora fecit ;
que dederunt minorem titu- Et missum à dextrâ lævam penetravit in aurem.
lum victori, quàm Dictys
Helopsque. Helops fixus ja- Dictys ab ancipiti delapsus acumine montis,
culo, quod fecit tempora per
via; et missum penetravit à dextra in lævam aurem. Dictys delapsus ab ancipiti acumine
montis,
a Mox.

NOTES.
row that had been steeped in the blood of the
Hydra.
167. Perculit.] Smote, struck through.
169. Respiciens.] Looking back.
170. Committitur. ] Isjoined together with.
Fronti ime. The lowest part of the fore
head.
171. Ductis sinè fine.] Drawn without
/ end. " Seneca in Thyestes, Satur est, ca
paci ducis argento merum.'""
173. Carchesia.] A wine vessel, a bowl.
174. Ossææ.] Bred or taken in Mount
Ossa.
176. Amento.] A thong which slingers
we to throw their darts.
177. Cum Styge.] With the water of the
Stygian lake .
179. Fraxinus serrata. ] A javelin of an
ash-tree, with an iron point.
180. Mors caruit sensu.] For he was
drunk, and dead asleep.
184. Labefactaque.] The falling, tottering
oak.
185. Costis.] Through the ribs.
186. Luctantia.] Striving, struggling.
187 Virtute.] By the valour.
189. Titulum .] Glory.
Dictys.] The name of a Centaur.
190. Pervia, &c.] Which penetrated the
middle of his temples.
192. Ancipiti acumine montis.] From a
steep high mountain's top,
 FAB. V. METAMORPHOSEON, 445

Dum fugit instantem trepidans Ixione natum, dum trepidans fugit natum
Decidit in præceps : et pondere corporis ornum Ixione instantem, decidit in
præceps et fregit ingentem
Ingentem fregit ; suaque induit ilia fractæ. 195 ornum pondere corporis ; que
Ultor adest Aphareus : saxumque è monte re- induit sua ilia fracta. Ápha
vulsum reus adest ultor : que conatur
mittere saxum revulsum è
Mittere conatur. Conantem stipite querno monte. Ægides occupat co
Occupat Ægides, cubitique ingentia frangit nantem querno stipite, que
Ossa: nec ulteriùs dare corpus inutile letho 199 frangit ingentia ossa cubiti :
nec ulteriùs aut vacat aut cu
= Aut vacat, aut curat : tergoque Bianoris alti rat dare inutile corpus letho :
Insilit, haud solito quenquam portare, nisi ipsum; que insilit tergo alti Bianoris,
Opposuitque genu costis : prensamque sinistrâ haud solito portare quenquam
Cæsariem retinens, vultum, minitantiaque ora, costis:nisi ipsum opposuitque
que: retinens genu
cæsarien
Robore nodoso, præduraque tempora, fregit. prensam sinistrâ, fregit vul
Robore Nedymnum, jaculatoremque Lycotan tum, minitantiaque ora, præ
Sternit, et a immissâ protectum pectora barbâ duraque tempora, nodoso ro
bore. Sternit Nedymnum ro
Hippason, et summis exstantem Riphea sylvis ; bore, que Lycotan jaculato
Tereaque, Hæmoniis qui prensos montibus ursos rem, et Hippason protectum
Ferre domum vivos, indignantesque, solebat. pectora immissâ barbâ et Ri
Haudtulitutentem pugnæ successibus ultrâ 210 phea exstantem summis sylvis ;
2 Thesea Demoleon : solidoque revellere dumo Tereaque qui solebat ferre do
mum vivos ursos, indignan
Annosam pinum magno molimine tentat. tesque, prensos, Hæmoniis
Quod quia non potuit, præfractam misit in hos montibus. Demoleon haud ul
trâ tulit Thesea utentem suc
Sed procul à telo Theseus veniente recessit, [ tem. cessibus
Palladis admonitu . Credi sic ipse volebat. 215 vellere annosampugnæ, que tentatsoli
pinum re
Non tamen arbor iners cecidit : nam Crantoris do dumo, magno molimine.
• alti [trum. Quod quia non potuit, misit
Abscidit jugulo pectusque humerumque sinis- praefractam in hostem. Sed
Theseus recessit procul telo
Armiger ille tui fuerat genitoris, Achille : veniente, admonitu Palladis.
Quem Dolopum rector bello superatus Amyntor Ipse volebat credi sic. Tamen
Eacidæ dederat, pacis pignusque fidemque. 220 arbor non cecidit iners : nam
Hunc procul ut fœdo disjectum vulnere Peleus abscidit pectusque que sinis
trum humerum jugulo alti
Vidit, At inferias, juvenum 6 gratissime Crantor, Crantoris. Achille, ille fuerat
Accipe, ait. Validoque in Demoleonta lacerto armiger tui genitoris : quem
Fraxineam misit, c mentis quoque viribus, hastam. Amyntor rex Dolopum, su
peratus bello, dederat, pignus
que fidemque pacis, Æacida.
Ut Peleus procul videt hune
disjectum fœdo vulnere, ait, At Crantor, gratissime juvenum, accipe inferias. Que misit
fraxineam hastam in Demoleonta válido lacerto, quoque viribus mentis.
a immensâ. b fidissime. c contentis viribus.
NOTES.
193. Ixione natum.] Pirithous. 210. Ultrâ.] Any longer.
195. Suaque ilia, &c. ] And covered the 211. Solide dumo.] A thick- set wood,
broken ash with his bowels. 212. Magno molimine.] With a great
197. Conantem.] Endeavouring to throw. effort.
198. Occupat.] He attacks him first. 214. Recessit.] Drew back, retreated.
Egides.] Theseus. 215. Credi. ] Theseus would have it be
199. Inutile.] Because of his arm being lieved, that he was admonished by Pallas so
broken. to do.
200. Vacat. ] Is at leisure. 217. Abse dit. He took away, tore off.
204. Robore nodoso.] Full of knots, or a 220. Pacis, &c.] Crantor had been given
knotty oak. as a hostage to Peleus by Amyntor.
206. Immissâ barbâ.] Long beard. 221. Disjectum. ] Mangled.
207. Exstantem.] Out-topping towering 224, Mentis viribus. ] Skilfully.
over.
 446 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XII.

Quæ perrupit cratem later- Quæ laterum cratem perrupit: et ossibus hærens
um : et hærens ossibus intre- Intremuit. Trahit ille manu sinè cuspide lignum :
muit. Ille trahit lignum sinè
cuspide manu : quoque id vix Id quoque vix sequitur. • Cuspis pulmone reten
sequitur. Cuspis est retenta ta est.
pulmone. Dolor ipse dabat Ipse dolor vires animo dabat. Eger in hostem
vires animo. Eger erigitur Erigitur , pedibusque virum proculcat equinis.
in hostem, que proculcat vi
rum equinis pedibus. Ille ex- Excipit ille ictus galeâ clypeoque sonantes ; 230
cipit sonantes ictus galeâ cly- Defensatque humeros : prætentaque sustinet arma:
peoque. Que defensat hume- Perque armos uno duo pectora perforat ictu.
ros : que sustinet prætenta Ante tamen letho dederat Phlegræon, et Hylen
arma: que perforat duo pec
tora uno ictu per armos. Ta- Eminùs: Hiphinoum collato Marte, Claninque.
men antè dederat letho Phle- Additur his Dorylas : qui tempora tecta gerebat
græon, et Hylen eminùs Pelle lupi, sævique vicem præstantia teli 236
Hiphinoum collato Marte,
Claninque. Dorylas additur Cornua vara boûm multo rubefacta cruore.
his : qui gerebat tempora Huic ego, nam vires animus dabat, Aspice, dixi,
tecta pelle lupi, que vara Quantum concedant nostro tua cornua ferro :
cornua boûm rubefacta multo Et jaculum torsi. Quod cùm vitare nequiret,
cruore, præstantia vicem sævi
teli. Ego dixi huic, nam ani- Opposuit dextram passuræ vulnera fronti ;
mus dabat vires, Aspice, Affixa a est cum fronte manus. Fit clamor : at illum
quantum tua cornua conce- Hærentem Peleus, et acerbo vulnere victum
dunt nostro ferro : Et torsi
jaculum . Quod cùm nequiret (Stabat enim propior) mediam ferit ense sub
vitare, opposuit dextram fron alvum . 244
ti passuræ vulnera. Manus Prosiluit , terrâque ferox sua viscera traxit :
est affixa cum fronte. Clamor Tractaque calcavit : calcataque rupit : et illis
fit : at Peleus ferit illum hæ
rentem, et victum acerbo vul- Crura quoque impediit ; et inani concidit alvo.
nere, ense sub mediam alvum Nec te pugnantem tua, Cyllare , forma redemit ;
(enim stabat propior.) Prosi- Si modò naturæ formam concedimus illi.
luit, que ferox traxit sua vis
cera terrâ: que calcavit trac Barba erat incipiens : barbæ color aureus : au
ta : que rupit calcata : et reaque 250
quoque impediit crura illis : Ex humeris medios coma dependebat in armos
et concidit inani alvo. Nec Gratus in ore vigor : cervix, humerique, ma
Cyllare tua forma redemit te
pugnantem: si modò conce nusque,
dimus formam illi monstrosæ :
naturæ. Barba erat incipiens : color barbæ aureus : aureaque coma dependebat ex humeris
in medios armos. Gratus vigor in ore : cervix, humerique, manusque,
a Affixâ cum fronte manu, fit, &c. b decor.

NOTES.

225. Laterum cratem.] The ribs, which inferior to my sword.

are so disposed that they seem to make a grate.
228. Eger.] Full of indignation, being
wounded.
229. Erigitur. ] He raises himself up.
Virum.] Peleus.
252. Duo pectora.] Both of a horse and of
a man. For Demoleon was a Centaur.
234. Collato Marte.] Fighting with his
sword hand to hand.
237. Cornua vara.] Broad, spread open,
wide stretched.
239, Quantum, &c.] How much they are
240. Torsi.] I threw with force, whirled.
243. Hærentem, &c.] Being stupéfied.
245. Terrâ.] Along the ground.
Viscera.] His bowels.
248. Forma.] Beauty.- Redemit.] Saved,
delivered thee from being slain.
$249. Si modò illi naturæ, &c.] If indeed
beauty may be allowed to the form of a
Centaur ; for Centaurs, being but men in
part, cannot seem beautiful.
250. Aureus ] Yellow.
 FAB. V. METAMORPHOSEON. 447

Pectoraque artificum laudatis proxima signis ; pectoraque, proxima laudatis

Ex a quâ parte vir est : nec equi mendosa sub illâ signis artificum ; ex quâ parte
est vir : nec facies equi men
Deteriorque viro facies. Da colla, caputque ; dosa, deteriorque viro sub il
Castore dignus erit. Sic tergum sessile, sic stant la formá. Da colla, caputque ;
Pectora celsa toris : totus pice nigrior atrâ, erit dignus Castore . Sic ter
Candida cauda tamen : color est quoque b cru- gum sessile, sic pectora stant
ribus albus. celsa toris : totus nigrior atrâ
258 pice, tamen cauda candida,
‫ ܐ‬Multæ illum petiêre sua de gente ; sed una quoque albus color est cruri
Abstulit Hylonome : quâ nulla decentior inter bus. Multæ de suâ gente pe
Semiferos altis habitavit foemina sylvis. 261 tiêre illum ; sed una Hylon
ome abstulit : quâ nulla fœmi
Hæc et blanditiis, et amando, et amare fatendo, na decentior inter semiferos
Cyllaron una tenet. Cultus quoque quantus in illis habitavit aliis sylvis. Hæc uná
Esse potest membris ; ut sit coma pectine lævis : tenet Cyllaron sibi devinctura
Ut modò rore maris, modò se violâve, rosâve et blanditiis, et amando, et
d fatendo amare. Quantus cul
Implicet : interdum candentia lilia gestet : 266 tus quoque potest esse in illis
Bisque die lapsis Pagasa vertice sylvæ membris : ut coma sit lævis
Fontibus ora levet : bis flumine corpora tingat. pectine : ut modò implicet se
rore maris, modò violâve ro
Nec nisi quæ deceant, electarumque ferarum, såve : interdum gestet canden
Aut humero, aut lateri prætendat vellera lævo. tia lilia : bisque die lavet ora
Par amor est illis ; errant in montibus unà ; 271 fontibus lapsis vertice Paga
Antra simul subeunt ; et tum Lapitheïa tecta sææ sylvæ : bis tingat corpo
ra flumine. Nec prætendat
Intrârant pariter ; pariter fera bella gerebant. aut humero aut lævo lateri,
Auctor in incerto est : jaculum de parte sinistrà vellera, nisi quæ deccant, e
Par
Venit ; et inferiùs, quàm collo pectora subsunt, lectarumque ferarum.
amor est illis : errant unà in
Cyllare, te fixit : parvo cor vulnere læsum 276- montibus. Simul subeunt an
Corpore cum toto post tela educta refrixit. tra et tum intrârant pariter
3 Protinus Hylonome morientes excipit artus : Lapitheïa tecta ; pariter gere
bant fera bella. Auctor vul
Impositâque manu vulnus fovet ; oraque ad ora neris est in incerto ; jaculum
Admovet : atque animæfugienti obsistere tentat. venit de sinistrà parte ; et
Ut videt exstinctum: dictis, quæ clamor ad aures fixit te, Cyllare, inferiùs quàm
pectora subsunt collo : cor
læsum parvo vulnere refrixit cum toto corpore post tela educta. Protinus Hylonome exci
pit morientes artus ; que fovet vulnus manu impositâ, que admovet ora ad ora, atque tentat
obsistere fugienti animæ. Ut videt exstinctum ; dictis quæ clamor
a Et quacunque vir est. b crinibus.

NOTES.

253. Laudatis signis.] Not common sta 266. Candentia.] White.

tues, but finished with elegance.
254. Mendosa. ] Faulty.
253. Da colla, &c.] If you do but add a
horse's head and neck, he would be fit for
Castor to ride upon.
1
256. Sessile. ] Broad and fit to sit upon.
257. Celsa.] Standing up high.
Toris. ] Full chest.
259. Petiêre.] Desired to have him.
De suâ gente.] Of the Centaur kind.
260. Abstulit. Obtained him.
261. Semiferos. ] The Centaurs, half men,
halfbeasts.
263. Cultus.] Neatness.
265. Rore maris.] Rosemary, an herb of
a sweet scent.
267. Pagasææ sylvæ. ] A wood nigh Pa
gasus, a city of Thessaly, which abounds with
fountains, from whence it takes its name from
Ty a fountain.
270. Prætendat.] Throws over, covers
with.
Vellera.] The shaggy skins .
Lateri lævo.] On the left side, for the
right was naked.
271. Errant.] Wander.
272. Lapitheïa] The house of Pirithous,
king of the Lapithæ, or rather the cave in
which the wedding was celebrated.
274. In incerto.] It is not known who
throw the dart.
277. Refrixit.] Became cold.
448 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XII.

arcuit ire ad meas aures, in- Arcuit ire meas, telo, quod inhæserat illi, [est.
cubuit telo quod inhæserat il- Incubuit : moriensque suum complexa maritum
li; moriensque complexa est
suum maritum. Et ille, Phæ- Ante oculos stat et ille meos : qui sena leonum
ocomes, stat ante meos ocu- Vinxerat inter se connexis vellera nodis, 285
los ; qui vinxerat sena velle- Phæocomes, hominemque simul protectus equ
ra leonum inter se connexis
nodis, que simul protectus umque. [rent
hominemque equumque. Qui Codice a qui misso, quem vix juga bina move
fregit Phonoleniden å summo Juncta, Phonoleniden à summo vertice fregit.
vertice, codice misso, quem Fracta volubilitas capitis latissima : perque os
binajugajuncta vix moverent.
Latissima volubilitas capitis Perque cavas nares, oculosque, auresque cere
fracta ; que molle cerebrum brum 290
fluit per os perque càvas Molle fluit. Veluti concretum vimine querno
nares, oculu
Veluti auresque . Lac solet ; utve liquor rari sub pondere cribri
sque, concretum
lac solet
querno vimine, utve liquor Manat ; et exprimitur per denea foramina spissus.
manat sub pondere rari cri- Ast ego, dum parat hunc armis nudare jacentem ,
bri ; et spissus exprimitur per ( Scit tuus hoc genitor ) gladium spoliantis in ima
densa foramina. Ast ego di- ilia dimisi. Chthonius quoque Teleboasque 296
misi gladium in ima ilia spo
liantis, dum parat nudare Ensejacent nostro. Ramum prior ille bifurcum
hunc jacentem armis : (tuus Gesserat ; hic jaculum . Jaculo mihi vulnera fecit.
genitor scit hoc. ) Chthonius Signa vides ; apparet adhuc vetus ecce cicatrix .
Pergama mitti :
quoqueense.
nostro TelebIlle
oasqu
prior gest Tuncego debueram capienda ad
e jacen
serat bifurcum ramum : hic Tunc poteram magni, si non superare, morari,
jaculum . Fecit vulnera mihî Hectoris arma meis. Illo sed tempore nullus,
jaculo. Vides signa ; ecce ve Aut
rus cicatrix adhuc apparet. puer, Hector erat. Nunc me mea deficit
Tunc ego debueram mitti ad ætas. 303
capienda Pergama : tunc po- Quid tibi victorem gemini Periphanta Pyreti ;
teram morari arma Hectoris, Ampyca quid referam ? qui quadrupedantis Oecli
meis, si non superare. Sed Fixit in adverso cornum sine cuspide vultu . 306
illo tempore Hector erat nul
lus aut puer. Nunc mea ætas Vecte Pelethronium Macareus in pectus adacto
deficit me. Quid referam tibi bar fore
Periphanta victorem gemini Pyreti ; quid Ampyca, qui fixit cornum sinè cuspide in adverso
vultu Oëçli quadrupedantis. Macareus stravit Erigdupum Pelethronium vecte adacto in
pectus. a Stipite vel Robore.

NOTES.

282. Arcuit.] Hindered, did not suffer.
Quod inhæserat illi.] Which was thrust
into Cyllarus.
283. Incubuit.] Leaning onthe dart, she
ran herself through.
284. Ante oculos, &c.] The sense is;
Phæocomes, that had tied six lions skins to
gether, seems to stand before my eyes.
285. Vinxerat nodis.] Had tied in knots
together.
287. Codice.] With a trunk or stump of
a tree. Juga.] sc. Equorum.
✓ Vix moverent.] Could hardly draw.
288. Phonoleniden.] The son of Phonole
nes.
289. Volubilitas. ] The roundness, i. e. his
skull.
291. Vimine querno.] Through the holes
of a strainer, made of oaken twigs,
295. Manat.] Flows, runs.
294. Nudare.] To despoil, to strip.
295. Tuus genitor.] Peleus, for Nestor
speaks to Achilles.
297. Ramum bifurcum.] A branch of a
tree divided into two parts.
299. Signa.] Nestor shows the fear of a
wound he had received.
300. Tune.] The manners of an old man
are very elegantly expressed ; for old men are
apt to praise themselves.
302. Nullus.] Non, a noun put for an ad
verb.
305. Quadrupedantis.] Four-footed, for
he was a Centaur.
506. Adverso vultu.] The opposite side of
his face.
Cornum.] A spear made of Cornel tree.
307. Pelethronium.] Of Pelethronus, &
mountain of Thessaly.
 FAB . V. METAMORPHOSEΩN. 449

Stravit Erigdupum. Memini et venabula condi Et memini venacula conjecta

Nesseis manibuscondi inguine
Inguine, Nesseis manibus conjecta, Cymeli. Cymeli. Nec tu credideris
Nec tu credideris tantùm cecinisse futura 310 Ampyciden Mopsum tantùm
Ampyciden Mopsum. Mopsojaculante, biformis prædixisse futura . Mopso ja
Occubuit, frustraque loqui tentavit Odites, culante, biformis Odites oc
Ad mentum linguâ, mentoque ad guttura fixo. cubuit, que tentavit loqui
frustrà, linguâ fixâ ad men
Quinque neci Čæneus dederat, Stiphelumque, tum, mentuque fixo ad gut
Bromumque, [Pyracmon. tura. Cæneus dederat quin
! Antimachumque, Helimumque, securiferumque que neci, Stiphelumque, Bro
mumque, Antimachumque,
! Vulnera non memini : numerum, nomenque Helimumque , securiferumque
notavi. 316 Pyracmon. Non memini vul »
Provolat Æmathii spoliis a armatus Halesi, nera : notavi numerum que
Quem dederat letho , membris et corpore Latreus nomen. Latreus, maximus
membris et corpore, provolat
pres ts Maximus. Huic ætas inter juvenemque senemque. armatus spoliis Æmathii Ha
E Vis juvenilis erat. Variabant tempora cani . lesi, quem dederat letho. Æ
! Qui clypeo, galeâque, Macedoniâque särissâ tas huic inter juvenemque se
Conspicuus, faciemque obversus in agmen u nemque, vis erat juvenilis.
Cani variabant tempora. Qui
trumque : [bem conspicuus clypeo galeaque,
Armaque concussit, certumque equitavit in or Macedoniâque sarissà, que
obversus faciem in utrumque
Verbaque tot fudit vacuas animosus in auras :
Et te, Cani, feram? nam tu mihi fœmina semper, agmen ; concussit arma, que
equitavit in certum orbem :
Tu mihi Cænis eris, Nec te natalis origo que animosus fudit tot verba
Comminuit : mentemque subit, quo præmia in vacuas auras : Cæni, fer
facto, 327 ram et te ? Nam tu eris sem
per Cænis, tu semper fœmina
Quâque viri falsam speciem mercede parâris ?
mihi. Nec natalis origo com
Vél quid nata vide, vel quid šis passa : columque, minuit te : que subit mentem
I, cape cum calathis ; et stamina pollice torque ; quo facto parâris præmia,
Bella relinque viris. Jactanti talia Cæneus 331 quâque mercede paràris fal
sam speciem viri ? vel vide
1 Extentum cursu missâ latus eruit hastâ, quid sis nata, vel quid passa ;
Quâ vir equo commissus erat. Furit ille dolore : que i, cape colum cum cala
! Nudaque Phyllei juvenis ferit ora sarissâ. [do : this : et torque stamina pol
I Non secus hæc resilit, quâm tecti à culmine gran- lice ; relinque
Caneus bella
hasta missâ eruitviris.
la
Aut si quis parvo feriat cava tympana saxo. 336 tus extentum cursu illi jactan
Cominus aggreditur : laterique recondere duro ti talia, quâ vir erat commit
sus equo. Ille furit dolore ;
que ferit nuda ora juvenis
Phyllei sarissâ. Hæc resilit non secus quâm grando à culmine tecti : aut si quis feriat
cava tympana parvo saxo, Aggreditur cominùs : que luctatur recondere gladium duro
lateri, a ornatus. b hostem.

NOTES.
317. Emathii.] Thessalian. Quid sis passa.] What thou since hast
318. Dederat letho.] Had slain. suffered, having been debauched by Nep
320. Variabant.] Variegated : some of tune.
the hairs were white and some black. Columque.] A distaff, an instrument which
321. Sarissâ.] A Macedonian spear. women use in spinning.
325. Et te, Cæni, &c.] By way of con 332. Eruit ] Laid open.
tempt, he upbraids Cancus with having 333. Commissus. ] Joined together.
been debauched by Neptune. As though 334. Phyllei juvenis.] Cæneus of Thessa
he had said, I will by no means suffer you ly. Phyllo, is a town of Thessaly.
to slay my companions ; and he calls Ca 537. Cominùs aggreditur.] He assaults
neus Cænis, by way of contempt, as though Caneus with his sword, which he could not
he was still a woman. have done, unless he had advanced nearer to
329, Vel quid nata.] What thou wast at him.
first. Duro Impenetrable.
M mm
450 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XII.

Loca non sunt pervia gladio. Luctatur gladium. Gladio loca pervia non sunt,
Inquit, Tamen haud effugies : Haud tamen effugies : medio jugulaberis ense,
jugulaberis medio ense, quan
doquidem mucro est habes ; Quandoquidem mucro est hebes, inquit ; et in
et obliquat ensem in latus : latus ensem 340
que amplectitur ilia longâ Obliquat : longâque amplectitur ilia dextrâ.
dextra Plaga facit gemitus,
ceu corpore icti marmoris : Plaga facit gemitus, ceu corpore marmoris icti;
que lamina est fracta collo Fractaque dissiluit percusso lamina collo.
percusso. Ut satis præbuit Ut satis illæsos a miranti præbuit artus ;
artus illæsos miranti ; Cæneus Nunc age, ait Cæneus, nostro tua corpora ferro
ait, Age nunc, tentemus tua
corpora nostro ferro : que Tentemus : capuloque tenus dimisit in armos
dimisit fatiferum ensem in Ensem fatiferum : cæcamque in viscera movit
armos, tenus capulo : que Versavitque manum : vulnusque in vulnere fecit.
movit versavitque cæcam
manum in viscera, que fecit Ecce ruunt vasto rabidi de more bimembres:
vulnus in vulnere. Ecce ra Telaque in hunc omnes unum mittuntque fe
bidi bimembres ruunt de vas runtque ; 350
to more : que omnesmittunt- Tela retusa cadunt. Manet imperfossus ab omni
que feruntque tela in hunc
unum. Tela retusa cadunt. Inque cruentatus Cæneus Elateïus ictu.
Elateius Cæneus manet im- Fecerat attonitos nova res. Heu dedecus ingens !
perfossus que incruentatus ab Monychus exclamat : Populus superamur ab uno,
omni ictu. Nova res fecerat Vixque viro. Quamquam ille vir est ; nos seg
attonitos. Monychus excla
nibus actis [prosunt ?
mat : Heu ingens dedecus !
Populus superamur ab uno, Quod fuit ille, sumus. Quid membra immania
vixque viro. Quamquam ille Quid geminæ vires ? quid quòd fortissima rerum
est vir ; nos sumus, quod ille In nobis natura duplex animalia junxit ?
fuit, segnibus actis. Quid im
mania membra prosunt ? Nec nos matre Deâ, nec nos Ixione natos
Quid geminæ vires ? Quid Esse reor : qui tantus erat, Junonis ut altæ 369
quòd duplex natura junxit Spem caperet. Nos semimari superamur ab hoste.
in nobis animalia fortissima Saxa, trabesque super, totosque involvite montes :
rerum ? reor nos nec esse na
tos Deâ matre, nec nos Ixi- Vivacemque animam missis elidite sylvis.
one ; qui erat tantus, ut cap- Sylva premat fauces : et erit pro vulnere pondus.
eret spem altæ Junonis. Nos Dixit : et insani dejectam viribus Austri 365
superamur ab hoste, semima- Fortè trebam nactus, validum conjecit in hostem.
ri. Involvite saxa, trabesque, Exemplumque fuit : parvoque in tempore nudus
totosque montes super, que
elidite vivacem animam sylvis
missis. Sylva premat fauces : et pondus erit pro vulnere. Dixit et nactus fortè trabem
dejectam viribus insani Austri, conjecit in validum hostem. Que fuit exemplum sociis :
que Othrys erat nudus arboris in parvo tempore :
a minitanti. ¿ clamore.

NOTES.

338. Luctatur. ] Endeavours, strives. neus had before been a woman.

540. Mucro, &c.] The point was blunted.
341. Obliquat ] He gives him an oblique
stroke.
342. Ceu corpore, &c.] As though marble
had been struck : for Cæneus was invul
nerable.
544. Præbuit.] He held out, exposed.
347. Fatiferum.] Deadly, fatal.
Cacamque,] Hidden, covered.
352. inque cruentatus.] A Tmesis for in
cruentatusque,
555. Nova res. A new miracle.
355. Segnibus actis. ] By cowardly deeds.
356. Quod, &c.] i, e. women. For Cæ
359. Matre Deâ ] Juno, or rather by a
cloud, that was imposed upon Ixion for
Juno.
360. Tantus.] sc. Tam magnanimus.
361. Spem ] sc. Potiundæ.
Semimari ] Half male.
363. Missis sylvis. ] By casting trees on
him.
Elidite.] Squeeze out.
365. Insani.] Violent.
366, Trabem.] An immense tree.
Validum.] That could not be wounded.
367, Exemplum fuit.] Exemplum is pro
FAB. V. METAMORPHOSEΩN. 451

Arboris Othryserat: nechabebat Pelion umbras, nec Pelion habebat umbras.

Obrutus immani cumulo, sub pondere Caneus Caeneus obrutus immani cu
mulo, æstuat sub arboreo pon
Estuat arboreo : congestaque robora duris 370 dere : que fert robora con
Fert humeris. Sed enim postquam super ora gesta duris humeris. Sed e
caputque [auras ; nim postquam onus crevit su
per ora caputque ; neque ha
Crevit onus ; neque habet quas ducat spiritus bet auras quas spiritus ducat ;
Deficit interdum : modò se super aëra frustra interdum deficit : modò cona
Tollere conatur, jactasque evolvere sylvas. 374 tur frustra tollere se super a
ëra, que evolvere jactas syl
Interdumque movet. Veluti , quam cernimus ecce, vas. Interdumque movet. Ve
Ardua si terræ quatiatur motibus Ide. luti ardua Ide, quam ecce cer
Exitus in dubio est. Alii sub inania corpus nimus, si quatiatur motibus
terræ. xitus est in dubio.
Tartara detrusum sylvarum mole ferebant.
Alii ferebant corpus mole syl
Abnuit Ampycides : medioque ex aggere fulvis varum detrusum sub inania
Vidit avem pennis liquidas exire sub auras : 380 Tartara. Ampycides abnuit,
Quæ mihi tunc primùm, tunc est conspecta su- que vidit avem fulvis pennis
premùm. exire sub liquidas auras ex
Hanc ubi lustrantem leni sua castra volatu medio aggere : quæ tunc pri
mum, tunc supremùm est con
Mopsus, et ingenti circùm clangore sonantem specta mihi. Ubi Mopsus
Adspexit, pariterque oculis animoque secutus ; adspexit hanc lustrantem sua
O salve dixit, Lapithææ gloria gentis, [neu. castra leni volatu, et sonan
tem circùm ingenti clamore,
Maxime vir quondam, sed avis nunc unica, Cæ que secutus pariter oculis ani
Credica res auctore suo est. Dolor addidit iram : moque ; dixit, O salve, Cæ
Oppressumque ægrè tulimus tot ab hostibus qeu, gloria Lapithæ gentis,
unum . maxime vir quondam, sed
nunc unica avis. Res est cre
Nec priùs abstitimus ferrum exercere cruore ; dita suo auctore . Dolor ad
Quàm data pars letho, partem fuga noxque di- didit iram : que tulimus ægrè
remit. 390 unum oppressum ab tot hos
tibus. Nec abstitimus exer
cere ferrum cruore ; priùs quàm pars data letho, fuga noxque diremit partem.

NOTES

properly a thing which is set before us, either
to be imitated or avoided. But the person,
in whom there is something to be imitated
or avoided, is called an Examplar, i. e. from
whence the example is taken. Therefore
Monychus was an Exemplum to other Cen
taurs, that they might cast trees upon Cæne
us. It is sometimes used for a grievous pun
ishment, which may be a warning to others,
that they do not offend. " Terence : Uter
que in te exempla edent. " That is also
called Exemplum, which is used in an ora
tion, either for the sake of proving a thing,
or disproving it.
368. Nec habebat, &c.] As Mount Othrys
was, so also was mount Pelion, stripped of
its trees.
369. Obrutus.] Overwhelmed, kept down
with an huge heap of wood.
370. Estuat. ] Pants for breath.
372. Neque habet, &c.] Nor can he draw
his breath.
373. Deficit.] He faints
574. Evolvere.] To turn off, to shake off.
575. Ecce.] Shewing with his finger Ida,
a mountain of Thessaly.
577. Exitus in dubio est. ] The death of
Cæneus was doubtful : for some asserted he
died, and others that he was turned into an
eagle..
379. Abnuit.] Denies it.
Fulvis pennis,] The poet intimates, that
Cæneus was transformed into an eagle,
which is of that colour.
382. Lustrantem.] Flying about, survey
ing.
383. Mopsus.] See above, ver. 311 .
386. Unica.] Only, singular.
387. Credita res, &c. ] The thing was cre
dited by the testimony of Mopsus.
388. Ægrè tulimus.] We bore it with
indignation .
389. Abstitimus. ] We gave over.
Exercere.] To exercise our weapons in
deeds of death .
452 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XII .

Pylio referente hæc prælia in- Hæc inter Lapithas, et semihomines Centauros,
ter Lapithas, et semihomines Prælia Tlepolemus Pylio referente dolorem F
Centauros, Tlepolemus non T
tulit dolorem Alcidæ præter Præteriti Alcidæ tacito non pertulit ore
iti tacito ore : atque ait; Se- Atque ait ; Herculeæ mirum est oblivia laudis
nior, mirum est oblivia He- Acta tibi, senior. Certè nihi sæpè referre 395
culeæ laudis acta tibi. Certè Nubigenas domitos à se pater ipse solebat.
pater ipse solebat referre sæ
pè mihi nubigenas domitos Tristis ad hæc Pylius : Quid me meminisse ma
à se. Pylius tristis ad hæc : lorum
Quid cogis me meminisse ma
lorum ; et rescindere luctus Cogis : et obductos annis a rescindere luctus ?
obductos annis? Que fateri Inque tuum genitorem odium, offensasque fateri ?
odium offensasque in tuum Ille quidem majora fide ( Dî) gessit ; et orbem
genitorem ? ( Di) ille quidem Implevit meritis : quod mallem posse negari :
gessit majora fide ; et implevit Sed neque Deïphobum, nec Polydamanta, nec
meritis ; mallem
posse negari : Sed neque lau ipsum [tem ?
damus Deïphobum, nec Poly- Hectora laudamus . Quis enim laudaverit hos
damanta . nec Hectora ipsum. Ille tuus genitor Messenia moenia quondam
Enim quis laudaverit hostem?
Ille tuus genitor quondam Stravit : et immeritas urbes Elinque Pylonque
stravit Messenia moenia : et Diruit ; inque meos ferrum flammanque penates
diruit immeritas urbes Elin- Impulit . Utque alios taceam, quos ille peremit ;
que Pylonque : que impulit Bis sex Neleidæ fuimus conspecta juventus : 408
ferrum flammamque in meos Bis sex Herculeis ceciderunt , me minùs uno ,
penates. Que ut taceam alios,
quos ille peremit ; fuimus bis Viribus. Atque alios vinci potuisse ferendum est.
sex Neleidæ conspecta juven- Mira Periclymeni mors est : cui posse figuras
tus. Bis sex ceciderunt Her- Sumere quas vellet, rursusque reponere sumptas
culeis viribus, minùs me uno.
Atque ferendum est alios po Neptunus dederat , Nelei sanguinis auctor. 413
tuissevinci. Mors Periclymeni Hic, ubi nequicquam est formas variatus in om
est mira: cui Neptunus auctor nes, [vis
Nelei sanguinis dederat posse Vertitur in faciem volucris : quæ fulmina cur
sumere quas figuras vellet,
rursusque reponere sumptas . Ferre solet pedibus, Divûm gratissima Regi.
Ubi hic est variatus nequic
quam in omnes formas, vertitur in faciem volucris : quæ solet ferre fulmina curvis pedibus,
gratissima Regi Divùm. a restringere,

NOTES .

392. Tlepolemus.] The son of Hercules. Deiphobum.] The son of Priamus.

Pylio.] Nestor, so called from Pylos, a
town of Messenia, in which he was born.
393. Præteriti.] Of his father Hercules,
passed by unnoticed.
Non pertulit.] He did not bear.
394. Herculeæ.] Of Hercules.
Oblivia acta tibi.] That you forgot.
396. Nubigenas. ] The Centaurs, born ofa
cloud.
Domitos.] Conquered.
397. Tristis. ] Nestor being troubled that
Tlepolemus censured him, and that he
should be obliged to relate those things that
had occasioned his grief.
399. Offensasque . ] The wrongs he did me.
400. Majora fide.] Greater than ought to
be believed, incredible.
402. Sed neque, &c.] Nestor observes, that
chemies are not to be praised.
Polydamanta. ] One of the most valiant of
the Trojan princes; so called, because he
subdued many of his enemies.
404, Messenia.] A city of Sicily, and also
of Arcadia.
405. Elinque.] Elis, a city of Arcadia,
near Olympia.
Pylonque. A city of Messenia.
408. Bis sex.] The twelve sons of Neleus.
Neleus was the son of Neptune, who being
driven from his father's house by his brother
Pelias, builtthe city of Pylos, in Messenia.
409. Me minùs uno.] Except me only.
411. Periclymeni. ] Of my brother Peri
clymenus.
412. Reponere.] to lay aside.
414. Hic.] Periclymenus.
415. Quæ, &c.] A periphrasis of an eagle,
416. Divûm Regi.] To Jupiter.
FAB. VI. › METAMORPHOSEΩN . 453

Viribus usus avis, pennis rostroque redunco, Usus viribus avis, pennis, que
Hamatisque viri laniaverat unguibus ora. 418 redunco rostro, laniaverat ora
viri hamatis unguibus. Tiryn
Tendit in hunc nimiùm certos Tirynthius arcus : thius tendit in hunc arcus ni
Atque inter nubes sublimia membra ferentem, miùm certos : atque ferit
ferentem sublimia membra
Pendentemque ferit, lateri quà jungitur ala.
Nec grave vulnus erat : sed rupti vulnere nervi inter nubes, pendentemque,
quà ala jungitur lateri . Nec
Deficiunt, motumque negant viresque volandi. vulnus erat grave : sed nervi
Decidit in terram, non concipientibus auras rupti vulnere deficiunt illum,
Infirmis pennis : et quà levis hæserat alæ, 425 que negant motum viresque
volandi. Decidit in terram,
Corporis affixi pressa est gravitate sagitta : infirmis pennis non concipi
Perque latus summum jugulo est exacta sinistro. entibus auras : et quâ levis
Num videor debere tui præconia rebus sagitta haserat alæ, est pressa
Herculis, ô Rhodiæ ductor pulcherrime classis ? gravitate affixi corporis : que
exacta est per summum latus
Ne tamen ulteriùs, quàm fortia facta silendo, sinistro jugulo. O pulcher
Ulciscar fratres, solida est mihi gratia tecum. 431 rime ductor Rhodia classis,
Hæc postquam dulci Neleïus edidit ore : num videor debere præconia
rebus tui Herculis ? Tamen
A sermone senis repetito munere Bacchi, ne ulciscar fratres ulteriùs
Surrexêre toris. Nox est data cætera somno.
quàm silendo fortia facta,
At Deus æquoreas qui cuspide temperat undas, est mihi solida gratia tecum.
In volucrent corpus nati Stheneleida versum 436 Postquam Neleïus edidit
Mente dolet patriâ : sævumque perosus Achillem hæc dulci ore : munere Bac
chi repetito à sermone senis,
Exercet memores, plùs quàm civiliter, iras. surrexêre toris. Cætera nox
Jamque ferè tracto duo per quinquennia bello, est data somno. At Deus qui
Talibus intonsum compellat Sminthea dictis. 440 temperat æquoreas undas
O mihi de fratris longè gratissime natis, cuspide, dolet patriâ mente
corpus nati versum in volu
Irrita qui mecum posuisti moenia Troja ; crem Stheneleïda : que pero
Ecquid, ut has jamjam casuras aspicis arces, sus sævum Achillem, exercet
Ingemis? aut ecquid tot defendentia muros 444 memores iras plùs quàm ci
Millia cæsa doles ? ecquid (ne persequar omnes ) viliter. Jamque bello tracto
per ferè duo quinquennia,
compellat intonsum Sminthea
talibus dictis. O longè gratissime mihi de fratris natis, qui posuisti mecum irrita monia
Troja : ecquid ingemis, ut jamjam aspicis has arces casuras ? aut ecquid doles tot millia cæsa
defendentia muros ? ecquid (ne persequar omnes)

NOTES.

418. Hamatisque. ] Bent, crooked like a
hook. Viri. ] Of Hercules.
419. Tirynthius. ] Hercules, so called from
Tirynthe, a city of Peloponnesus.
425. Et quà levis, &c.] The arrow which
had made only a slight wound in the wing,
was forced through the body by its weight in
the fall.
427. Jugulo sinistro.] Through the left
side ofthe throat.-Exacta ] Driven out.
429. Tui Herculis. ] sc. Patris.
O ductor, &c.] Renowned Tlepolemus,
Admiral of the fleet which thou carried
out ofthe island Rhodes against the Trojans.
431. Solida gratia.] Firm friendship.
452. Neleias.] Nestor, the son of Neleus.
433. A sermone ] After Nestor's speech.
435. Deus, &c Neptune.
436. Volucrem Stheneleïda.] A swan.
Cygnus being the son of Sthenelus.
438. Memores .] Stored in memory. As
that of Virg. Memorem Junonis ob iram.
Plus quàm, &c.] In a hostile manner.
439. Tracto.] Protracted, drawn or length
ened out.
440. Intonsum. ] Having long hair.
Sminthea.] Apollo, so called (omitting
other conjectures) because when mice in
fested Chryses, a city of Mysia, he hearing
the prayers of the citizens, slew those trou
blesome creatures with his arrows ; the peo
ple being sensible of the favour, erected a
temple and statue to pollo Smintheus : for
in their dialect mice were called pivo .
441. Natis.] Of the sons of my brother
Jupiter.
442. Irrita.] Perishing, built in vain. In
the following verse he says, casuras.
454 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XII.

subit umbra Hectoris tracti Hectoris umbra subit circum sua Pergama tracti?
circum sua Pergama ? Cum Cum tamen ille ferox, belloque cruentior ipso,
tamen ille ferox, que cruen
tior bello ipso, Achilles po Vivit adhuc operis nostri populator Achilles.
pulator nostri operis vivit Det mihi se : saxo, triplici quid cuspidê possim,
adhuc. Det se mihi : saxo Sentiat. At quoniam concurrere cominus hosti
sentiat quid possim triplici Non datur ; occultâ necopinum perde sagittâ.
cuspide. At quoniam non
datur Concurrere cominùs Annuit : atque animo pariter patruoque, suoque,
bosti ; perde necopinum oc- Delius indulgens, nebulâ velatus in agmen
cultâ sagittâ. Delius annuit : Peryenit Iliacum : mediâque in cæde virorum
atque indulgens pariter ani
mo suoque patruoque, vela- Rara a per ignotos spargentem cernit Achivos 455
tus nebulà pervenit in Iliacum Tela Parin : fassusque Deum, Quid spicula per
agmen : que in mediâ cæde dis [rum ;
virorum cernit Parin spar- Sanguine plebis ? ait. Si qua est tibi cura tuo
gentem rara tela per ignotos
Achivos : fassusque Deum, Vertere in aciden, cæsosque ulciscere fratres.
ait, Quid perdis spicula san- Dixit : et ostendens sternentem Troïa ferro
guine plebis ? Si qua cura Corpora Peliden, arcus obvertit in illum :
tuorum est tibi ; vertere in Certaque lethifera direxit spicula dextrâ. 461
Eaciden, que ulciscere cæ
sos fratres. Dixit : et osten- Quo Priamus gaudere senex post Hectora posset,
dens Peliden sternentem Tro- Hoc fuit. Ille igitur tantorum victor, Achille,
ïa corpora ferro, obvertit ar- Vinceris à timido Graiæ raptore maritæ ?
cus in illum : que direxit spi- At si fœmineo fuerat tibi Marte cadendum ; 465
eûla certa lethiferâ dextrâ.
Hoc fuit quo senex Priamus Thermodontiacâ malles cecidisse bipenni.
possit gaudere post Hectora Jam timor ille l'hrygum, decus et tutela Pelasgi
casum. Igitur Achille, ille Nominis acides, caput insuperabile bello,
victor tantorum, vinceris à
timido raptore Graia marita ? Arserat ; armârat Deus idem, idemque cremârat.
At si fuerat cadendum tibi Jam cinis est ; et de tam magno restat Achille
formineo Marte ; malles ce
cidisse Thermodontiacâ bi
penni. Jam Æacides, ille timor Phrygun , decus et tutela Pelasgi nominis, caput însupera
bile bello arserat ; idem Deus armârat, idemque cremârat. Jam est cinis ; et nescio quid
restat de tam magno Achille.
a gnara, per &c.
NOTES.
446. Subit. ] Does it enter into your mind? mother dipped him in the Stygian lake, she
Tracti.] sc. Achille. held him by the heel, and there alone he was
448. Operis nostri.] Neptune and Apollo vulnerable.
assisted Laomedon in building Troy. See 462. Post Hectora.] After his son Hector
book XI.- -Populator.] The destroyer. was slain .
449. Det mihi se. ] If he commits himself 463. Ille igitur, &c.] An apostrophe to
to me, i. e. to the sea. Achilles, expressing indignation that he was
Triplici. ] With my trident. slain by the effeminate Paris.
451. Nec opinum ] At unawares. 464. Graiæ. Of a Grecian woman, Helen.
453. Indulgens.] Yielding to his request. Raptore. ] Paris, by whom Achilles was
454. Iliacum.] Trojan. slain.
457. Sanguine plebis.] In slaying many 465. Fœmineo.] By a feeble, effeminate
and vulgar persons . hand.
458. Eaciden ] Achilles, the grandson 466. Thermodontiacâ. ] By the hand of
of acus. the Amazons, who inhabit near the river
460. Peliden.] Achilles, the son of Peleus. Thermodon, whose leader was Penthesilea.
461. Certaque, &c.] Thus Virgil : Virgil. Lib. I. Æneid. [ Bipennis was a
" Phoebe, graves Troja semper miserate sort of an axe, an instrument of the Ama
labores, zons, with which they assaulted their ene
Dardanaque Paridis direxit tela manusque mies; therefore, in coins, the Amazons were
Corpus in acidæ ." represented carrying a Bipennis.]
Eneas praying to Phoebus, neid VI. A 469. Deus. ] Vulcan, the God of Fire,
pollo directed the dart into that part of the who, at the entreaty of Thetis, made arms
body which was vulnerable, for when his for Achilles, and burned him when dead.
 FAB. Vll. METAMORPHOSEON . 455 .

Nescio quid, parvam quod non benè compleat quod non bené compleat par
urnam . 471 vam urnam. At gloria vivit,
quæ compleat totum orbem.
At vivit totum quæ gloria compleat orbem. Hæc mensura respondet illi
1 Hæc illi a mensura viro respondet : et hâc est viro ; et hâc Pelides est par
Par sibi Pelides, nec inania Tartara sentit. sibi, nec sentit Tartara ina
Ipse etiam, ut cujus fuerit cognoscere possis, 475 nia. Ipse clypeus etiam, ut
possis cognoscere cujus fue
Bella movetclypeus : deque armis armaferuntur. rit, movet bella : que arma
Non ea Tydides, non audet Oïleus Ajax, feruntur de armis. Tydides
non audet poscere ea, non
Non minor Atrides, non bello major et ævo
Oïleus Ajax, non minor A
Poscere, non alii : soli Telamone creato trides, non major bello et æ
Laërtâque fuit tantæ fiducia laudis. 480 vo, non alii : Fiducia tantæ
A se Tantalides onus invidiamque removit : laudis fuit soli creato Tela
mone Laërtâque. Tantalides
Argolicosque duces mediis considere castris removit onus et invidiam a
Jussit : et arbitrium litis trajecit in omnes. 483 se que jussit Argolicos du
ces considere mediis castris ; et trajecit arbitrium litis in omnes.
a mansura.

i NOTES.
471. Nescio quid.] But a little quantity
of ashes remains of so great a man as Achil
les, not enough to fill one small urn .
473. Hæc mensura.] The whole orb of
the earth seems to be the measure of the
glory of Achilles.
476. Deque armis.] After the death of
Achilles, there was a warm dispute between
Ajax and Ulysses for his armour and arms.
See Book XIII.
477. Ea.] The armour of Achilles.
Tydides.] Diomede, the son of Tydeus.
31 Oileus Ajax.] The son of Oïleus. There
were two Ajax's, this and the son of Tela
mon.
478. Minor Atrides.] Menelaus, the
younger son of Atreus.
Major.] Agamemnon .
479.] Telamone creato.] Ajax, the son of
Telamon, whence he was called Telamonius.
480. Laërtaque.] And Ulysses, the son of
Laërtes
481. Tantalidos.] Agamemnon deriving
his original from Tantalus.- Removit ] Put
it off, he freed himself from.
483. Trajecit. ] Transferred.

EXP. FAB. IV. V. VI. & VII. The Grecian Princes being assembled at a
feast, expressed their surprise at finding that Cygnus, whom Achilles had
engaged, was invulnerable, and at the necessity he was under to close on
him and press him to death, after several unsuccessful attacks with spears
and darts ; on this, Nestor took occasion to relate several battles in which
he was personally engaged , and amongst others, that between the Lapithites
and the Centaurs, and the necessity the latter were under in order to con
quer Cæneus, of pressing him to death, he being as invulnerable as Cygnus.
This was occasioned by the treacherous behaviour of the Centaurs, who
were invited to celebrate the nuptials of Pirithous and Hippodame ; but
having drunk to excess, they became inflamed with a lustful passion, from
the beauty that appeared in the bride and her fair attendants, whom they
seized and used with a brutal violence which raised the resentment of The
seus and the other heroes that accompanied Pirithous. Ovid, in his de
scription of this fight, has mixed with it all that a fruitful fancy could con
tribute for its embellishment ; at the same time preserving the received no
tions the people then had of the Centaurs, as being monsters of incredible
strength and brutal appetites. The incidents introduced in this engage
ment by Ovid, have a variety that surprises, and are told in a manner pe
culiar to himself. The Centaurs were supposed to be a people of Thessaly,
near mount Pelion, who first trained horses for war, and who being seen
in this exercise at a distance, were supposed to be one creature, as were
their wives, whom they taught to ride. This skill they carried so high
456 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XII.

that is , an horseman and a Thessalian, became synonymous. The poets

feigned them to be the offspring of Ixion and a cloud, which he embraced
instead of Juno, but this had its foundation from there being a city called
Nephele, which in Greek signifies a cloud. The Centaurs are mentioned
to have retired to the mountains of Arcadia, for the Lapithites forced them
from their lurking places, pursuing themto the promontory ofMelea, where
Neptune took them under his protection, that is, they put to sea in order
to escape from Hercules, whose resentment they had again drawn on them,
by their ill treatment of his preceptor Chiron : others of them retired tothe
island of the Sirens, where by their voluptuous and debauched lives, they
destroyed themselves ; and the carcases of such as were buried cast such a
noisome stench, that the Locrians who dwelt near the place, were called Ozole,
or stinking. The time of their defeat is said to be the 35th year before the
siege of Troy.
Pliny informs us , that Phidias and Parrhasius left a most beautiful cartoon,
representing this engagement, which was preserved in Athens.
Of these creatures of the imagination , which Ovid supposed them, Trist.
L. iv. the ancients created a different species, to whom they attributed the
greatest accomplishments and knowledge ; for the Centaur Chiron (the son
of Saturn and Philira ) had the most honourable appointments, as he had the
tuition ofEsculapius, Apollo, and Hercules ; the first he instructed in physic,
the second in music, the third in astronomy, and Achilles he taught to ma
nage the great horse, and to be a master of music ; and at last he was placed
in the heavens, where he forms the sign Sagittarius in the Zodiac .
Periclymenus, who had the art of transforming himself into different
shapes, at last assumed that of an Eagle, when he was killed by an arrow
shot by Hercules. From this we are to understand, that he was a brave and
warlike prince, who, after having long resisted the attacks of his enemies,
was at length killed by an arrow. Neptune is said to have given him this
power ; that is, his grandfather, who was a maritime prince, and was called
Neptune, taught him the art of war, which he industriously made use of, but
unfortunately for him, it only served to defer his ruin.
The death of Achilles, which our author mentions in the seventh Fable
of this Book, being a remarkable event in history, we shall take notice of
the chief circumstances that attended it. Our hero having seen Polyxena,
the daughter of Priam, with Cassandra, as she was offering sacrifices to A
pollo, fell in love with her, and demanded her in marriage , to which Hec
tor would not consent, unless he would betray the Greeks ; this proposal,
so injurious to his honour, provoked him so much, that in an engagement
with the Trojans, he made up to Hector, whom he killed, and dragged his
body thrice round the walls of Troy. Priam, when he went to demand the
body of his son, took with him Polyxena, in hopes her presence would con
tribute to his success. The aged monarch perceiving that Achilles conti
nued his affection for his daughter consented to their marriage, which was
´to be celebrated in the temple of Apollo. Paris, who concealed himself
behind the altar, wounded him in the heel, (the only part in which he was
vulnerable ) while Deiphobus pretended to embrace him. But to lay aside all
fiction of Apollo's directing the blow, ( as ifit had been necessary that a God
should be employed to take away this hero's life, which a mortal could not,
as mentioned by Sophocles in his tragedy of Philoctetes, ) incidents are intro
duced to render the manner of his death the more singular. The wound
that Paris gave him cut the tendon of the heel, which wound is mortal un
less attended bya skilful hand ; and to confirm what has been justrelated, that
Į FAB. I. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 457

tendon has ever since been called after his name. The account of the death
of Achilles, however it has been received , was not known to Homer, as that
poet says, he died fighting for his country ; that a bloody battle, which
continued a whole day, was fought by the Greeks for his body, and that
though wounded, he avenged his death on all that came in his way, having
killed before he expired , Orithous, Hipponous, and Alcithous.

P. OVIDII NASONIS

6
ΜΕΤΑΜΟRPHOSEΩΝ

LIBER XIII.

FAB. I. II. & III. AJACIS CRUOR IN FLOREM PURPUREUM. PHILOCTETÆ

SAGITTAS, IPSO COMITANTE, IN CASTRA GRAIORUM PERFERT ULYSSES .
HECUBA, PRIAMI CONJUX, ULYSSI SORTE CEDIT.

THE ARGUMENT.

On the death of Achilles, Ajax and Ulysses contend for his armour ; the
Greek Captains having adjudged it to the latter, Ajax, in resentment,
kills himself, and his blood is changed into a flower. Ulysses having
brought Philoctetes, who had the keeping of Hercules's arrows, to the
siege, the predictions respecting Troy were accomplished : the City is
then taken and sacked ; and Hecuba becomes a slave to Ulysses.

CONSEDERE duces : et vulgi stante coronâ, Duces consêdere et corona

Surgit ad hos clypei dominus septemplicis vulgi stante, Ajax dominus
septemplicis clypei surgit ad
Utque erat impatiens iræ, Sigeïa torvo [ Ajax. hos. Utque erat impatiens
iræ, respexit Sigeïn

NOTES.

1. Consêdere, &c.] The judges took their of Peleus ; he was the cousin of Achilles.
seats, the people stood around. 3. Utque erat, &c.] Ajax was so impe
Duces. ] sc. Agamemnon, Menelaus, Dio tuous in his disposition, as to border on fe
medes, Nestor, Idomeneus, &c. rocity ; and Ovid, to support this character,
Vulgi stante coronâ. ] The whole army represents him beginning his discourse with
standing in a ring. sentences so incoherent, as not to have the
2. Surgit.] Juyenal alludes to this place. least connection, and discovering a mind
Sat. VII. under the highest perturbation. He at
Septemplicis.] The shield of 1 Ajax was tempts not on any excellence of his own to
covered with the hides of seven bulls. recommend himself, but founds his preten
Ajax.] The son of Telamon, the brother sions to the arms of Achilles on the demerits
Nnn
458 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIII,

littora, classemque in littore, Littora respexit, classemque in littore vultu:

torvo vultu : intendensque Intendensque manus, Agimus, prô Jupiter ! inquit,
manus, inquit, Pro Jupiter ! Ante rates causam ; et mecum confertur Ulysses?
agimus causam ante rates : et
Ulysses confertur mecum? At non Hectoreis dubitavit cedere flammis :
At non dubitavit cedere Hec- Quas ego sustinui ; quas hâc à classe fugavi.
toreis flammis : quas ego sus- Tutius est igitur fictis contendere verbis ,
tinui quas fugavi ab hâc
Quam pugnare manu. Sed nec mihi dicere
classe. Igitur est tutius con
tendere fictis verbis, quam promptum ; 10
pugnare manu. Sed nec est Nec facere est isti. Quantumque ego Marte feroci,
promptum mihi dicere : nec
isti facere. Quantumque ego Quantum acie valeo, tantùm valet iste loquendo.
valeo feroci Marte, quantum Nec memoranda tamen vobis mea facta , Pelasgi,
acie, tantùm iste valet loquen- Esse reor : vidistis enim. Sua narret Ulysses:
do. Pelasgi, tamen nec reor
mea facta esse memoranda Quæ sinè teste gerit, quorum nox conscia sola
est.
vobis enim ipsi vidistis ea.
Ulysses narret sua ; Quæ ge- Præmia magna peti fateor : sed demit honorem
rit sinè teste, quorum nox Emulus a Ajaci. Non est tenuisse superbum,
sola est conscia . Fateor mag- Sit licet hoc ingens , quicquid speravit Ulysses.
na præmia peti : sed æmulus
demit honorem Ajaci. Licet hoc præmium sit ingens, non est superbum tenuisse, quicquid
Ulysses speravit. a Emulus. Ajaci non, &c.

NOTES.
of his antagonist ; however, you see in him
so much innate courage, and so much fire of
the soldier, as to engage you in his favour.
On the contrary, you find in Ulysses all the
accomplishments of an experienced orator,
for he was the best speaker in the Grecian
camp ; accordingly we find in ver. 125, he
sets out with such a graceful modesty, and
gentleness of disposition, as to bespeak the
favour of his judges, and that too before he
began to address them ; but in the progress
of his discourse, he displays the advantages
that the calmness of which he was master,
and the gracefulness of his manner, gave
him over the impetuosity of his competitor ;
so that whatever he advanced for his recom
mendation, Ulysses turns upon him with
such force as he was not able to resist, and
foils him at his own weapons.
Sigeïa. ] Sigæum was a city and promon
tory of Troy, near which the Grecian fleet
lay.
4. In littore.] sc. Stantem.
5. Intendens.] Stretching out towards the
fleet.-Agimus. ] Ajax would show that the
arms were due to him , rather than to Ulys
ses ; first, by right of succession or inheri
tance, because he was cousin-german to
Achilles, and also more nobly descended :
and secondly, by merit, because he had
done more noble deeds than Ulysses ; and
he adds, that Ulysses was not equal, or fit to
wear the armour.
6. Ante rates.] The ships which I alone
delivered from the firebrands of Hector,
when the Greeks, and Ulysses in particular,
fled, not able to resist his valour. At this
time, Achilles continuing his resentment to
Agamemnon, for depriving him of Briseis,
kept within his tent, so that Hector, with a
choice company of Trojan youths, attacked
the Grecian fleet, which he would have
burnt, had he not been beaten off by the
valour of Ajax.- Mecum, &c. ] He shows
his indignation in this place.
7. At non, &c. ] Ulysses did not dare.
8. Hâc à classe.] From this fleet. Ajax
pointing to it with his finger, shows it to the
Greeks.
9. Fictis.] Artfully composed . In set
speeches, like an orator.
10. Sed nec, &c. ] So Hercules, Lib. IX,
" Melior mihi dextra linguâ est.'
11. Isti.] sc. Ulysses ; the Pronoun (iste)
points at a person with contempt.
Quantumque . ] A comparison, by which
he shows, that he excelled in fighting, and
Ulysses in talking.
12. Acie.] In the field.
13. Tamen. ] He first confesses that he
had not any merit in speaking ; but yet,
says he, I have not any occasion to speak :
why should I pretend to recount actions
which were performed by day-light in the
sight of the whole army? whereas the feats
of Ulysses were the works of night and
darkness.
16. Præmia ] The armour of Achilles,
made by Vulcan.
Demit, & c.] He, by attempting to rival
me, is a greater disparagement to me, than
the victory can be glorious, if obtained.
17. Tenuisse. ] To have obtained.
Superbum .] Glorious .
18. Sit licèt, &c.] Although that which
we contend for is of very great value.
 AB. 1. METAMORPHOSEON. 4.59

I ste tulit pretium jam nunc certaminis hujus ; Iste jam nunc tulit pretium
Quo cùm victus erit, mecum certâsse feretur. hujus certaminis : quo cùm
erit victus, feretur certásse
Atque ego, si virtus in me dubitabilis esset, 21 mecum. Atque ego, si vir
Nobilitate potens essem, Telamone creatus : tus esset dubitabilis in me,
Moenia qui forti Trojana sub Hercule cepit : essem potens nobilitate, cre
Littoraque intravit Pagasæâ Colcha carinago atus Telamone : qui cepit
Trojana moenia sub forti Her
acus huic pater est : qui jura silentibus illic cule : que intravit Colcha
Reddit, ubi oliden saxum grave Sisyphon littora Pagasaâ carinâ. Eacus
urget. pater huic qui reddit ju
26 estsilentibu s umbris, ubi grave
ra
Bacon agnoscit summus, prolemque fatetur saxum urget Æoliden Sisy
Jupiter esse suam . Sic ab Jove tertius Ajax. phon. Summus Jupiter ag
Nec tamen hæc series in causâ prosit, Achivi ; noscit Macon, que fatetur esse
suam prolem. Six Ajax ter
Si mihi cum magno non est conimunis Achille, tius ab Jove. Achivi, tamen
Frater erat : fraterna peto. Quid sanguine cretus nec hæc series stemmatis pro
Sisyphio, furtisque, et fraude simillimus illi, 32 sit in causâ ; si non est com
munis mihi cum magno A
Inserit acidis alienæ nomina gentis ? chille. Erat frater : fraterna
An quòd in arma prior, nulloque sub indice veni, peto. Quid cretus Sisyphio
Arma neganda mihi ? potiorque videbitur ille, sanguine, et simillimus illi
Ultima qui cepit ; detrectavitque furore 36 furtis et fraude, inserit nomi
na alienæ gentis acidis ? an
Militiam ficto : donec solertior isto, arma neganda mihi quòd veni
Sed sibi inutilior, timidi commenta retexit prior in arma, que sub nullo
indice ? que ille videbitur po
tior, qui cepit ultima ; detrectavitque militiam ficto furore : donec Naupliades, solertior isto,
sed inutilior sibi, retexit commenta timidi

NOTES.

19. Iste tulit pretium, &c.] Should it be
demeaning to a person of worth and valour
to contend with a mean and cowardly per
son? then he will gain reputation by having
disputed with a person much more noble
than himself. And such a one is Ulysses,
compared with me.
20. Feretur.] It shall be told or reported.
For it is an honour to have contended with
great men, though you should not gain the
advantage.
21. Virtus ] Valour.
22. Nobilitate.] Nobility of birth.
23. Moenia, &c.] Hercules took Troy in
the days of Laomedon, returning from the
Argonautic expedition. -Sub Hercule. ]
Hercules carried Telamon to Troy,
24. Littoraque Colcha. ] Of Colchos : for
Telamon sailed to Colchos with Jason.
Pagasæá carinâ.] In the ship Argo, that
was built near Pagasus, a promontory and
town of Thessaly.
25. Huic.] To Telamon.
Qui jura, &c.] acus is said to have been
a person of that strict justice, that he was
chosen judge of the infernal regions by Pluto.
Illic. ] acus, my grandfather, is a judge,
where Sisyphus is tormented.
29. Series ] This order of descent, pedi
gree.
31. Frater.] Achilles was Ajax's father's
brother's son. For Peleus and Telamon
were brothers, and cousin-germans were
called brothers, because they were bornof
brothers .
33. Inserit, &c.] Why does he claim kin
dred with the acidæ, the descendants of
acus ? Insero, is, signifies to graft a scion
from one tree upon the body of another.
The propriety of the metaphor is obvious.
34. t quòd in arma, &c.] Alluding to
the stratagem by which Ulysses was forced to
the war by Palamedes.
Nulloque sub indice. ] It was not necessary
to detect any artifice of mine.
35. Potior.] Preferable, more worthy.
Ille.] Ulysses.
36. Ultima qui cepit, &c.] Who of the
Grecian generals was the last that appeared
in arms, pretending madness.
Detrectavitque. He shunned.
37. Solertior.] One of more sagacity and
cunning.- -Isto.] Than Ulysses.
38. Sibi inutilior. ] For it cost him his life.
Palamedes having made Ulysses his enemy,
was, through a false accusation, condemned
by the Grecian army as a traitor.- For the
particulars, see No. 12, ( Palamedes,) in the
historical account of the heroes.
Commenta retexit.] Exposed his artifice.
While the pretended madman was ploughing,
Palamedes laid his son in the furrow, and
Ulysses running hastily to save him, the im
posture was discovered .
460 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIII.

animi, que traxit in vitata ar- Naupliades animi, vitataque traxit in arma ?
ma? Nunc sumat optima arma
qui noluit sumere ulla. Simus Optima nunc sumat, qui sumere noluit uĦa.
nos inhonorati, et orbi donis Nos inhonorati, et donis patruelibus orbi, 41
patruelibus, qui obtulimus nos Obtulimus qui nos ad prima pericula, simus.
ad prima pericula.
ille furor ve Atque utinam aut verus furor ille, aut creditus
Atque
esset aut
utinam
rus, aut creditus ; nec hic hor esset ; [arces
tator scelerum unquam venis- Nec comes hic Phrygias unquam venisset ad
set comes ad Phrygias arces ! Hortator scelerum ! Non te, Pœantia proles, 45
Pœantia proles, Lemnos non Expositum Lemnos nostro cum crimine haberet.
haberet te expositum cum
nostro crimine. Qui nunc Qui nunc ( ut memorant) sylvestribus abditus
(ut memorant) abditus sylves antris,
tribus antris, moves saxa ge- Saxa moves gemitu : Laërtiadæque precaris,
mitu : que precaris Laërtia
dæ, quæ meruit: quæ Di, Di Quæ meruit : a quæ Dî, Dî dent non vana prece
dent non preceris vana. Et Et nunc ille eadem nobis juratus in arma, [ris.
nunc ille juratus in eadem ar- (Heu ! ) pars una ducum, quo successore sagittæ
ma nobis, (heu !) una pars du- Herculis utuntur, fractus morboque fameque,
cam quo successore sagittæ
Herculis utuntur, fractus mor- Velaturque & aliturque avibus : volucresque pertin
boque fameque, velaturque ali- Debita Trojanis exercet spicula fatis. [ tendo
turque avibus ; que exercet Illetamen vivit, quia non comitavit Ulyssen. 55
spicula debita Trojanis fatis Mallet et infelix Palamedes esse relictus.
petendo volucres. Tamen ille
vivit quia non comitavit Ulys Viveret ; aut certè lethum sinè crimine haberet.
sen. Et infelix Palamedes Quem malè convicti nimiùm memor iste furoris
mallet esse relictus. Viveret; Prodererem Danaam finxit; fictumque probavit
aut certè haberet lethum sinè
crimine. Quem iste nimium Crimen . Et ostendit, quod jam præfoderat,
memor malè convicti furoris Ergo aut exilio vires subduxit Achivis [aurum.
finxit prodere rem Danaam :
que probavit fictum crimen. Et ostendit aurum quod jam præfoderat. Ergo subduxit vires
Achivis, aut exilio
a quæ (si Dî sunt) non vana preceris, vel, quæ, Dî dent, ô non vana preceris .
b Venaturque. c clam .
NOTES.
39. Naupliades. ] Palamedes, the son of Petendo. ] In shooting.
Nauplius, who was the son of Neptune, 54. Debita.] Destined for the destruction
and Amymone, who reigned in Eubœa. of Troy, by means of which the Fates had
40. Optima, &c. ] These three lines are decreed Troy should be taken.
spoken with an irony full of indignation, 55. Ille.] Philoctetes.
as he intimates that Ulysses was no way de 57. Certè.] At least.
serving of Achilles' armour ; but that he him Crimine. ] Crimen signifies first as here,
self was most deserving of it. an accusation, an imputation of guilt; hence
41. Donis patruelibus.] The arms of his a crime or guilt itself.
father's brother's son.]-Orbi.] Deprived. 58. Quem.] Palamedes.
43. Furor.] That madness of Ulysses. Male convicti furoris.] Of his pretended
45. Hortator scelerum.] Ulysses, whom madness being detected, which proved unfor
he calls in this place [hortator scelerum] tunate to Palamedes, for Ulysses pursued him
because, by his advice, Philoctetes had been till he effected his ruin,
left in Lemnos.Pœantia proles.] U son Nimiùm memor.] Upon account of the
of Poean, Philoctetes. remembrance that Palamedes (who deserved
46. Lemnos. ] An island dedicated to Vul so well of the Grecian army) was wrongfully
can. killed.- -Iste.] Ulysses.
48. Laërtiadæque.] To Ulysses, the son of 60. Præfoderat.] What he had previous
Laertes. ly hid under ground in Palamedes' tent, to
50. Ille eadem, &c. ] Philoctetes. At Au be in readiness for the proof of his allega
lis, the Grecian chiefs bound themselves by tions .
an oath, to revenge the cause of Menelaus. 61. Exilio- nece. ] For by his means Phi
53. Velaturque. ] Philoctetes clothed him loctetes was left in a desart island, and Pa
self with the feathers of those birds that he lamedes was stoned to death.
killed. Subduxit.] He took from, drained,
 FAB. I. METAMORPHOSEON. 461

-Aut nece. Sic pugnat, sic est metuendus Ulysses , aut nece. Sic Ulysses pugnat,
Qui, licèt eloquio fidum quoque Nestora vincat ; sic est metuendus. Qui, quo
Haud tamen efficiet, desertum ut Nestora crimen que licèt vincat fidùm Nesto
ra eloquio ; tamen haud effi
Esse rear nullum. Qui, cùm imploraret Ulyssen ciet, ut rear Nestora deser
Vulnere tardus equi, fessusque senilibus annis, tum esse nullum crimen. Qui
Proditus & socio est. Non hæc mihi crimina fingi cùm imploraret Ulyssen tar
dus vulnere equi, fessusque
Scit, bene Tydides : qui nomine sæpe yocatum senilibus annis, est proditus
Corripuit ; trepidoque fugam exprobravit amico. à socio. Tydides scit bene
Aspiciunt oculis Superi mortalia justis. 70 hæc crimina non fingi mihi :
En eget auxilio, qui non tulit : utque reliquit, qui corripuit sæpè vocatuna
suo nomine, que exprobravit
Sic linquendus erat. Legem sibi dixerat ipse. fugam trepido amico. Superi
Conclamat socios. 1 Adsum ; videoque trementem, aspiciuntmortalia justis oculis.
Pallentemque metu , et trepidantem morte futurâ En eget auxilio, qui non tu
Opposui molem clypei ; texique jacentem ; 75 lit : utque reliquit, sic erat
Servavique animam (minimum est hic laudis) linquendus. Ipse dixerat le
gem sibi. Conclamat socios :
inertem . Adsum ; videoque trementem,
Si perstas certare, locum redeamus in illum : pallentemque metu, et trepi
Redde hostem, vulnusque tuum, solitumque dantem le rte tu râ pp o
mo mo m clfu
ypei : . teOxi que
timorem : luck, lateo [s ub il lo . ja ce ntem ; servavique inertem
ue
Post ^ clypaemumq late : et mecum contende animam ( hic est minimum
At postqu eripui ; cúi standi vulnera vires 80 laudis . ) Si perstas certare, re
deamus in illum locum : redde
Non dederant, nullo tardatus vulnere fugit .
hostem, que tuum vulnus,
Hector adest : secumque Deos in prælia ducit, solitumque timorem : que late
Quàque ruit, non tu tantùm terreris , Ulysse ; post clypeum meum : et con
Sed fortes etiam ; tantum trahit ille timoris . tende mecum sub illo. At
Huncego ,sanguineæ successu cædis ovantem 85 postquam eripui ; cui vulnera
non dederant vires standi, fu
git tardatus nullo vulnere.
Hector adest : que ducit Deos secum in prælia, quàque ruit, non tu Ulysse tantùm terreris ;
sed etiam fortes : ille trahit tantum timoris. Ego fudi hunc

NOTES.

62. Aut nece.] Causing the army to store
Palamedes.
Sic pugnat, &c.] An irony ; these terrors,
these frauds, these snares, these wicked
contrivances, are his military exploits.
63. Qui. ] sc. Ulysses.
Eloquio. ] In eloquence.
64. Desertum, &c.] The order, " ut rear
Nestora desertum esse crimen nullum."
Ulysses had left Nestor in the field of battle,
and the old man was saved by Diomedes.
65. Ulyssen.] The help of Ulysses.
67. Proditus, &c.] He was deserted by
Ulysses, and they who desert their comrades
in battle are called traitors.
Mihi.] By me.
68. Scit bene.] He proves the crime of
his adversary bythe testimony of Diomedes.
Tydides ] Diomedes.
69. Corripuit.] He reprimanded him.
Trepidoque amico.] To cowardly Ulysses.
73. Conclamat. When the Trojans saw
Socus, one of their companions, slain by
Ulysses, they rushed upon him ; and he had
been killed also, had not Ajax come to his
assistance, being made acquainted with his
situation by Menelaus .
75. Molem clypei.] My vast shield.
77. Si perstas, &c.] He addresses himself
to Ulysses.
78. Vulnusque.] Made by the spear of
Socus.
80. Cui standi, &c.] But, O admirable !
he that searce could stand upon the account
of the wound given him by Socus, when
defended by me, was able to run away.
82. Adest ] Came.
Deos in prælia ducit ] He bears all before
him, as if the gods had fought on his side.
83. Non tu, &c. ] Emphatically ; not only
you, who are the most timorous of all men,
was put into a fright by Hector's assault ;
but also the bravest men.
84. Tantum trahit ille timoris.] An epi
phonema or acclamation .
85. Ovantem. Triumphing.
462 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIII.

cominùs resupinum ingenti Cominùs ingenti resupinum pondere fudi .

pondere, ovantem successu Hunc ego poscentem, cum quo concurreret, unus
sanguineæ cædis. Ego unus Sustinui : sortemque meam vóvistis, Achivi :
sustinui hunc poscentem cum
quo concurreret : que Achivi, Et vestræ valuêre preces. Si quæritis hujus
vovistis meam sortem : et ves- Fortunam pugnæ ; non sum superatus abillo.90
træ preces valuêre. Si quæri- Ecce ferunt Troes ferrumque, ignemque, Jo
tis fortunam hujus pugnæ ;
non sum superatus ab illo, vemque
Ecce Trocs ferunt ferrumque, In Danaas classes. Ubi nunc facundus Ulysses ?
ignemque, Jovumque in Da- Nempe ego milie meo protexi pectore puppes,
naas classes. Ubi nunc facun
Spem vestri reditûs. Date tot pro navibus arma.
dus Ulysses ? nempe ego pro- Quod si vera licet mihi dicere ; quæritur istis, 95
texi mille puppes, spem ves
tri reditûs, meo pectore. Date Quam mihi, major honos : conjunctaque gloria
arma pro tot navibus. Quod nostra est.
si licet mihi dicere vera ; ma
jor bonos quæritur istis quam Atque Ajax armis, non Ajaci arma petuntur.
mihi que nostra gloria est Conferat his Ithacus Rhesum , imbellemque
conjuncta : atque Ajax petitur Dolona, [captum .
armis, non arma petuntur Priamidenque Helenum raptâ cum Pallade
Ajaci. Ithacus conferat Rhe
sum, imbellemque Dolona, Luce nihil gestum, nihil est Diomede remoto.
Priamidenque Helenum, cap- Si a semel ista datis meritis tam vilibus arma: 101
tum cum raptâ Pallade. Ni
hil gestum luce, nihil Diomede remoto. Si semel datis ista arma tam vilibus meritis :
NOTES.
86. Cominùs.] Ajax overthrew Hector hazard of my life ; and do not such services
with a great stone. merit some return?
Fudi.] I laid him prostrate. 95. Quæritur istis, &c.] They cannot do
87. Hunc.] Hector. so much honour to Ajax, as Ajax does to
Poscentem cum quo concurreret. ] Chal- them.
lenging. 98. Conferat.] Let Ulysses compare with
88. Sortem. ] For nine generals cast lots, these brave actions of mine, Rhesus, king
to determine who should accept of the chal of Thrace, who came to the assistance of the
lenge given by Hector, which fell upon Trojans with white horses, and, with his men,
Telamonian Ajax, when night coming on, was slain by Diomedes and Ulysses, that
they quitted the combat with equal honour, very night he came to Troy.
and made presents to each other, Hector Ithacus. ] Ulysses ; so called, from Ithaca
sent Ajax a sword, and Ajax returned him a in the Ionian sea, where Ulysses reigned.
belt. Imbellemquo.] Not warlike, effeminate.
Sortemque meam vovistis.] You wished Dolona.] The son of Eumedes . Ajax ad
that the lot might fall to me. mits that Ulysses had done some things ; but
89. Et vestræ, &c. ] Agreeable to their then he puts them in a contemptible light.
wish, it fell to Ajax to engage with Hector. 99. Priamidenque.] The son of Priamus.
90. Non sum, &c.] In which there was Helenum.] Who revealed the secret fates
no small glory, as they both left the field of the Trojans to the Greeks, and was taken
with equal honour. by Diomedes and Ulysses.
91. Ecce ferunt, &c.] This is the circum Rapta cum Pallade ] With the Palladium
stance which he hints at ver. 7. of this Fable. or image of Pallas which he had stolen.
Jovemque.] The assistance of Jupiter, This image, which was made of wood, is
who favoured Hector. said to have had eyes which seemed to move,
92. Facundus. ] Eloquence was of little and to have held in one hand a spear. The
use upon such an occasion. Trojans supposed it to have fallen from
Ithacus.] That Ithacan ; it is observable Heaven into the temple as it was building.
that he rarely mentions his name Ulysses, The Oracle declared. so long as it was pre
but uses contemptuous appellations when he served in Troy, the city could not be taken;
has occasion to speak of him. this coming to the knowledge of Diomedes
93. Nempe ego, &c.] Ajax alone protected and Ulysses, they slew the guard in whose
the fleet from being burnt, the other Gre care it was placed, and carried it off, then
cian generals having fled. Troy soon fell. It was afterwards preserved
Protexi.] I defended. in a temple dedicated to Minerva in Rome,
94. Date ] q. d. I have given you so many where Metellus preserved it from being
ships, in as much as I preserved them at the burnt.
 FAB. I. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 463

Dividite et major pars sit Diomedis in illis. dividite : major pars in illis
Quò tamen hæc Ithaco ? qui clam, qui semper sit Diomedis.
Ithaco Tamen
? qui gerit quoclam
rem hæc,
inermis
qui semper inermis ; et deci
Rem gerit ; et furtis incautum decipit hostem ? pit incautum hostem furtis ?
Ipse nitor galeæ claro radiantis ab auro 105 Ipse nitor galeæ radiantis ab
claro auro prodet insidias, que
Insidias prodet, manifestabitque latentem. manifestabit latentem . Sed
Sed neque Dulichius sub Achillis casside vertex neque Dulichius vertex sub
Pondera tanta feret. Nec non onerosa gravisque casside Achillis feret tanta
Pelias esse potest imbellibus hasta lacertis. pondera. Nec hasta Pelias
potest non esse onerosa gra
Nec clypeus vasti cœlatus imagine mundi 110 visque imbellibus lacertis.
Conveniet timidæ, natæque ad furta sinistra. Nec clypeus cœlatus imagine
Debilitaturum quid te petis, improbe, munus ? vasti mundi conveniet timida
sinistra, natæque ad furta.
Quod tibi si populi donaverit error Achivi ; Improbe, quid petis munus
Cur spolieris, erit ; non, cur metuaris ab hoste. debilitaturum te? quod si error
Et fuga (qua solâ cunctos, timidìssime, vincis) Achivi populi donaverit tibi ;
Tarda futura tibi est gestamina tanta trahenti. erit cur causa curab hoste ; non
spolieris
at

metuaris Et
14
11

Adde, quòd iste tuus, tam rarò prælia passus,

faga (quà sola, timidissime,
Integer est clypeus. Nostro, qui tela ferendo vincis cunctos) est futuratar
Mille patet plagis, novus est successor habendus, da tibi trahenti tanta gesta
Denique quid verbis opus est ; spectemur agendo. mina. Adde quòd iste tuus
Arma viri fortis medios mittantur in hostes ; 12 rarò, clypeus, passus prælia
est integer tam
. Novus suc
Inde jubete peti : et referentem ornate relatis. cessor est habendus nostro,
Finierat Telamone satus ; vulgique secutum qui ferendo tela patet mille
Ultima murmur erat. Donec Laërtius heros plagis. Denique quid opus
est verbis? spectemur agendo.
Adstitit : atque oculos paulùm tellure moratos Arma viri fortis mittantur in
Sustulit ad proceres ; exspectatoque resolvit126 medios hostes. Indè jubete
peti : et ornate referentem
100 Ora sono : neque abest facundis gratia dictis. relatis, Satus Telamone fini
erat ; que murmur vulgi secutum erat ultima. Donec Laërtius heros aḍstitit : atque sustu
LX lit oculos, moratos paulum tellure, ad proceres ; que resolvit ora exspectato sono : neque
gratia abest facundis dictis.
a
is

NOTES.

1C3. Quò.] For what, for what end, sc.
器 petuntur .-Tamen. &c.] By this Ajax shows,
that the armour of Achilles would be quite
unfit for Ulysses, who was a timorous man.
161 : 104. Furtis.] Deceits, frauds, snares, or
ambushes.-Incautum.] The unwary.
105. Ipse nitor, &c.] The very splendour
of the helmet will betray his dark designs,
107. Dulichius vertex.] The head of U
lysses.
Ľ 108. Nec non, &c.] And Achilles' spear
di cannot but feel heavy in his arms.
109. Pelias. ] Gen. adis, or ados.
B 110. Clypeus vasto, &c.] On the shield of
Achilles were engraven the system of the
world, the heaven and stars, the earth, with
its cities and inhabitants ; and also the ocean.
112. Debilitaturum.] That would debili
tate or weaken.
116. Trahenti.] This was spoke with great
propriety for those things , which we are not
able to carry, we draw or drag along.
120. Spectemur. ] Let us be proved,
121. Viri fortis. ] Of Achilles.
122. Indè.] From the midst of the ene
my.
123. Finierat, &c.] These are the words of
the poet, till you come to Si mea, &c.
124. Ultima.] scil. verba : a murmur, a
buzz ran through the people, each giving his
opinion to his neighbour.
Laërtius heros. ] Ulysses.
125. Adstitit.] Rose up.
Atque oculos paulùm tellure moratos .]
Having his eyes fixed upon the ground A
mark of modesty.
126. Sustulit ad proceres.] With defer
ence to the judges whom Ajax neglected ; he
had turned his eyes to the Sigean shore, torvo
vultu.
127. Gratia. ] The good opinion, the fa
vour of the hearers, which a gentleness of
address and soft language do naturally con
ciliate.
462 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIII.

cominùs resupinum ingenti Cominùs ingenti resupinum pondere fudi.

pondere, ovantem successu Hunc ego poscentem, cum quo concurreret, unus
sanguineæ cædis. Ego unus Sustinui : sortemque meam vóvistis, Achivi :
sustinui hunc poscentem cum
quo concurreret : que Achivi, Et vestræ valuêre preces. Si quæritis hujus
vovistis meam sortem : et ves- Fortunam pugnæ ; non sum superatus ab illo.90
træ preces valuere. Si quæri- Ecce ferunt Troës ferrumque, ignemque, Jo
tis fortunam hujus pugnæ ;
non sum superatus ab illo, vemque
Ecce Trocs ferunt ferrumque, In Danaas classes. Ubi nunc facundus Ulysses ?
ignemque, Jovumque in Da- Nempe ego mille meo protexi pectore puppes,
naas classes. Ubi nunc facun- Spem vestri reditus. Date tot pro navibus arma.
dus Ulysses ? nempe ego pro- Quòd si vera licet mihi dicere ; quæritur istis, 95
texi mille puppes, spem ves
tri reditûs, meo pectore. Date Quam mihi, major honos : conjunctaque gloria
arma pro tot navibus. Quod nostra est.
si licet mihi dicere vera ; ma
Atque Ajax armis, non Ajaci arma petuntur.
jor honos quæritur istis quam Conferat his Ithacus Rhesum, imbellemque
mihi : que nostra gloria est
conjuncta : atque Ajax petitur Dolona, [captum .
armis, uon arma petuntur Priamidenque Helenum raptâ cum Pallade
Ajaci. Ithacus conferat Rhe nihil est Diomede remoto.
sum, imbellemque Dolona, Luce nihil gestum ,
Priamidenque Helenum , cap- Si a semel ista datis meritis tam vilibus arma: 101
tum cum raptâ Pallade. Ni
hil gestum luce, nihil Diomede remoto. Si semel datis ista arma tam vilibus meritis :
NOTES.
86. Cominùs.] Ajax overthrew Hector hazard of my life ; and do not such services
with a great stone. merit some return ?
Fudi.] I laid him prostrate. 95. Quæritur istis, &c.] They cannot do
87. Hunc. ] Hector. so much honour to Ajax, as Ajax does to
Poscentem cum quo concurreret.] Chal them.
lenging. 98. Conferat.] Let Ulysses compare with
88. Sortem. ] For nine generals cast lots, these brave actions of mine, Rhesus, king
to determine who should accept of the chal of Thrace, who came to the assistance of the
lenge given by Hector, which fell upon Trojans with white horses, and, with his men,
Telamonian Ajax, when night coming on, was slain by Diomedes and Ulysses, that
they quitted the combat with equal honour, very night he came to Troy.
and made presents to each other, Hector Ithacus. ] Ulysses ; so called, from Ithaca
sent Ajax a sword, and Ajax returned him a in the Ionian sea, where Ulysses reigned.
belt. Imbellemquo. ] Not warlike, effeminate.
Sortemque meam vovistis.] You wished Dolona.] The son of Eumedes . Ajax ad
that the lot might fall to me. mits that Ulysses had done some things ; but
89. Et vestræ, &c.] Agreeable to their then he puts them in a contemptible light.
wish, it fell to Ajax to engage with Hector. 99. Priamidenque.] The son of Priamus.
90. Non sum, &c.] In which there was Helenum .] Who revealed the secret fates
no small glory, as they both left the field of the Trojans to the Greeks, and was taken
with equal honour. by Diomedes and Ulysses.
91. Ecce ferunt, &c.] This is the circum Rapta cum Pallade ] With the Palladium
stance which he hints at ver. 7. of this Fable. or image of Pallas which he had stolen.
Jovemque.] The assistance of Jupiter, This image, which was made of wood, is
who favoured Hector. said to have had eyes which seemed to move,
92. Facundus. ] Eloquence was of little and to have held in one hand a spear. The
use upon such an occasion. Trojans supposed it to have fallen from
Ithacus.] That Ithacan ; it is observable Heaven into the temple as it was building.
that he rarely mentions his name Ulysses, The Oracle declared. so long as it was pre
but uses contemptuous appellations when he served in Troy, the city could not be taken ;
has occasion to speak of him. this coming to the knowledge of Diomedes
93. Nempe ego, &c.] Ajax alone protected and Ulysses, they slew the guard in whose
the fleet from being burnt, the other Gre care it was placed, and carried it off. then
cian generals having fled. Troy soon fell. It was afterwards preserved
Protexi.] I defended. in a temple dedicated to Minerva in Rome,
94. Date ] q. d. I have given you so many where Metellus preserved it from being
ships, in as much as I preserved them at the burnt.
 FAB . I. METAMORPHOSEON. 463

Dividite : dividite major pars in illis

Las purpose et major pars sit Diomedis in illis.
Quo tamen hæc Ithaco ? qui clam, qui semper sit Diomedis. Tamen quo hæc
inermis Ithaco ? qui gerit rem clam,
qui semper inermis ; et deci
Rem gerit ; et furtis incautum decipit hostem ? pit incautum hostem furtis ?
Ipse nitor galeæ claro radiantis ab auro 105 Ipse nitor galeæ radiantis ab
claro auro prodet insidias, que
Insidias prodet, manifestabitque latentem . manifestabit latentem. Sed
Sed neque Dulichius sub Achillis casside vertex neque Dulichius vertex sub
Pondera tanta feret. Nec non onerosa gravisque casside Achillis feret tanta
Pelias esse potest imbellibus hasta lacertis. pondera. Nec hasta Pelias
Nec clypeus vasti cœlatus imagine mundi 110 potest non esse onerosa gra
visque imbellibus lacertis.
Conveniet timidæ, natæque ad furta sinistra. Nec clypeus cœlatus imagine
Debilitaturum quid te petis, improbe, munus ? vasti mundi conveniet timida
Quod tibi si populi donaverit error Achivi ; sinistra, natæque ad furta.
Improbe, quid petis munus.
Cur spolieris, erit ; non, cur metuaris ab hoste. debilitaturum te ? quod si error
Et fuga (quâ solâ cunctos, timidissime, vincis) Achivi populi donaverit tibi ;
Tarda futura tibi est gestamina tanta trahenti. cur erit causa cur spolieris ; non
metuaris ab hoste Et
Adde, quòd iste tuus, tam rarò prælia passus, fuga (quâ solâ, timidissime,
Integer est clypeus. Nostro, qui tela ferendo vincis cunctos) est futuratar
Mille patet plagis, novus est successor habendus, da tibi trahenti tanta gesta
Denique quid verbis opus est ; spectemur agendo. mina. Adde quòd iste tuus
Arma viri fortis medios mittantur in hostes ; 12 clypeus, passus prælia tam
rarò, est integer. Novus suc
Inde jubete peti : et referentem ornate relatis. cessor est habendus nostro,
Finierat Telamone satus ; vulgique secutum qui ferendo tela patet mille
Ultima murmur erat. Donec Laërtius heros plagis. Denique quid opus
est verbis? spectemur agendo.
3 Adstitit : atque oculos paulùm tellure moratos Arma viri fortis mittantur ia
Sustulit ad proceres ; exspectatoque resolvit126 medios hostes. Indè jubete
Ora sono : neque abest facundis gratia dictis. peti : et ornate referentem
relatis. Satus Telamone fini
erat ; que murmur vulgi secutum erat ultima. Donec Laërtius heros aḍstitit : atque sustu
Be lit oculos, moratos paulum tellure, ad proceres ; que resolvit ora exspectato sono : neque
gratia abest facundis dictis.

NOTES.

1C3. Quò. ] For what, for what end, sc.
1 petuntur.-Tamen. &c.] By this Ajax shows,
that the armour of Achilles would be quite
unfit for Ulysses, who was a timorous man.
104. Furtis.] Deceits, frauds, snares, or
ambushes. Incautum.] The unwary.
105. Ipse nitor, &c.] The very splendour
of the helmet will betray his dark designs,
107. Dulichius vertex.] The head of U
lysses.
108. Nec non, &c.] And Achilles' spear
cannot but feel heavy in his arms.
109. Pelias. ] Gen. adis, or ados.
110. Clypeus vasto, &c.] On the shield of
Achilles were engraven the system of the
world, the heaven and stars, the earth, with
its cities and inhabitants ; and also the ocean.
112. Debilitaturum.] That would debili
tate or weaken.
116. Trahenti.] This was spoke with great
propriety for those things , which we are not
able to carry, we draw or drag along.
120. Spectemur.] Let us be proved,
121. Viri fortis. ] Of Achilles.
122. Indè.] From the midst of the ene
my.
123. Finierat, &c.] These are the words of
the poet, till you come to Si mea, &c.
124. Ultima.] scil. verba : a murmur, a
buzz ran through the people, each giving his
opinion to his neighbour.
Laërtius heros.] Ulysses.
125. Adstitit. ] Rose up.
Atque oculos paulùm tellure moratos .]
Having his eyes fixed upon the ground A
mark of modesty.
126. Sustulit ad proceres.] With defer
ence to the judges whom Ajax neglected ; he
had turned his eyes to the Sigean shore, torvo
vultu.
127. Gratia. ] The good opinion, the fa
vour of the hearers, which a gentleness of
address and soft language do naturally con
ciliate.
464 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. Xİll.

Pelasgi si mea vota valuissent Si mea cum vestris valuissent vota, Pelasgi,
cum vestris, hæres tanti cer- Non foret ambiguus tanti certaminis hæres :
taminis non foret ambiguus :
tu Achille potereris tuis armis, Tuque tuis armis, nos te poteremur, Achille.
nos poteremur te, Quem quo- Quem quoniam non æqua mihi vobisque negâ
niam non æqua fata negârunt runt 131
mihi vobisque, (simul tersit
lumina veluti lachrymantia Fata, (manuque simul veluti lachrymantia tersit
manu) quis meliùs succedet Lumina) quis magno melius succedet Achilli,
magno
quem magnu Achilli, quàm
s Achill per Quàm perquem magnus Danais successit Achil
es suc les ? [videtur ;
cessit Danais ? Modò ne prosit
huic, quod videtur hebes esse, Huic modò ne prosit, quod, ut est, hebes esse
ut est; neve ingenium noceat Neve mihi noceat, quod vobis semper, Achivi,
mihi, quod, Achivi, profuit Profuit ingenium ; meaque hæc facundia, si
vobis semper ; meaque hæc 137
facundia, si qua est quæ sæpe qua est,
lacuta est pro vobis, nunc pro Quae nunc pro domino, pro nobis sæpe locutaest,
domino, careat invidiâ : nec Invidiâ careat : bona nec sua quisque recuset.
quisque recuset sua bona. Nam genus, et proavos, et quæ non fecimus ipsi,
Nam via voco genus et proavos
et ea quæipsi non fecimus, nos Vix ea nostra voco. Sed enim, quia retulit Ajax
tra. Sed enim quia Ajax re- Esse Jovis pronepos, nostri quoque sanguinis
tulit esse pronepos Jovis, quo auctor 142
que Jupiter est auctor nostri
sanguinis : distamus totidem Jupiter est; totidemque gradus distamus ab illo.
gradus ab illo. Nam Laertes Nam mihi Laërtes pater est, Arcesius illi,
et pater mihi, Arcesius illi, Jupiter huic : neque in his quisquam damnatus
Jupiter buic : neque quisquam et exul. 145
in his damnatus et exul.

NOTES.

128. Si mea, &c.] In order to procure the
favour ofthe judges, he moves their passions,
by reciting the circumstances of the death of
Achilles; for he knew that a heart once opened
to pity, sympathises with the speaker, and may
beded whither he pleases.
151. Non æqua.] Not kind, cruel.
133, 134. Succedat- -successit ] These
words are taken here in two different senses,
which a more exact writer than Ovid would
not have attempted : the former signifies to
succeed or to come in the place of ; the lat
ter, to come amongst, or to come to the assist
ance of.
154. Quàm per quem, &c.] Than he by
whose means Achilles was brought to the
Trojan war, and that was Ulysses. For what
befel Achilles, see No. 3, of the history of the
heroes, &c. placed before the XIIth. Book.
135. Huic modò, &c. Ajax acknowledg
ed himself Inferior to Ulysses in point of
speaking, which inclined the hearers to favour
him ; this being perceived by Ulysses, he begs
they would not admit of such an indulgence,
as it would depreciate an excellence, and ren
der its want no less valuable than its posses
sion.
157. Ingenium.] Wit, genius, quickness
of thought.
Meaque, &c.] Ulysses endeavours to free
himself of any suspicion of arrogance, and at
the
66 — same time to make a reply :
Quantumque ego Marte feroci,
" Quantum acie valeo, tantum valet iste
" loquendo."
138. Domino.] Its owner, myself:
139. Invidiâ careat.] Be free from envy ;
i. e. let it not draw upon me the envy or
disaffection of my judges . For Ajax had
endeavoured to make Ulysses envied for his
eloquence, when he said, Tutius est fictis igi
tur contendere verbis, Quàm pugnare manu.
Bona nec, &c. ] Nor let a man disclaim
the advantages he may have over his adver
sary ; i. e. if I have superior abilities, why
should I be refused the use of them? He
calls these advantages (sua) a man's own, in
opposition to those in the next line which are
not a man's own, and upon which Ajax had
valued himself, nobilitate potens.
142. Retulit esse Jovis. ] Himself to be Ju
piter's grandfather. A Greek construction.
143. Totidem. As many as Ajax, namely,
three steps.
144. Illi.] To Laërtes.
145. Huic.] To Arcesius.
Quisquam damnatus, &c.] As Peleus, the
father of Achilles, and Telamon, the father of
Ajax were. For Peleus slew his brother Pho
cus, (Sée Lib. XI.) and Ulysses asserts, that
 FAB. 11. METAMORPHOSEON. 465

Est quoque per matrem Cyllenius addita nobis. Quoque Cyllenius est altera
Altera nobilitas. Deus est in utroque parente. nobilitasDeus
addita nobis per ma
trem . est in utroque
Sed neque materno quòd sum generosior ortu, parente. Sed neque peto pro
Nec mihi quòd pater est fraterni sanguinis insons, posita arma, quòd sum gene
rosior materno ortu, nec quòd
Proposita arma peto : meritis expendite causam.
Dummodò quòd fratres Telamon Peleusque pater est mihi, insons fraterni
sanguinis expendite causam
fuerunt, 151 meritis. Dummodò non sit
Ajacis meritum non sit : nec sanguinis ordo, meritum Ajacis, quòd Tela
Sed virtutis honos, spoliis quæratur in istis. mon Peleusque fuerunt fra
tres ; nec ordo sanguinis, sed
Aut si proximitas primusque requiritur hæres ; honos virtutis quæratur in
Est genitor Peleus, est Pyrrhus filius illi. 155 istis spoliis . Aut si proximi
Quis locus Ajaci ? Phthian Scyronve ferantur, tas, primusque hæres requiri
Nec minùs est isto Teucer patruelis Achilli. tur, Peleus est genitor, Pyrr
hus est filius illi. Quis locus
Num petit ille tamen ? anum sperat ut auferat Ajaci ? ferantur Phthian Scy
arma? ronve. Nec Teucer est mi
Ergo operum quoniam nudum certamen habetur; nùs patruelis Achilli isto
Num tamen ille petit ? num
Plura quidem fecì, quàm quæ comprendere dictis sperat ut auferat arma ergo
In promptu mihi sit. Rerum tamen ordine ducar. quoniam nudum certamen o
Præscia venturi genitrix Nereïa lethi 162 perum habetur: quidem feci
Dissimulat cultu natum. Deceperat omnes, plura, quàm que sit in promp
tu mihi comprendere dictis.
Tamen ducar ordine rerum.
Nereïa genitrix, præscia lethi sui filii venturi, dissimulat natum cultu muliebri. Fallacia
sumptæ vestis deceperat omnes, a num, si petat, auferet, &c.
NOTES.
Telamon was not innocent of his brother's 157. Teucer.] This Teucer was brother
death, having wounded him with his sword to Ajax by the same father, but not by the
in the neck; for which they were banished same mother : Teucer was the son of Tela
by Eacus. Ulysses mentions these in order mon by Hesione ; Ajax by Eriboa.
to lessen what was objected to him respect 159. Ergo operum, &c.] For the question
ing Sisyphus, who was counted among his is, which of us has best served the Grecian
ancestors by his mother's side. And in this army by our exploits ? I am not able to re
he shows himself to be more noble than A count what I have done.
jax ; as not any marks of infamy appeared 162, Præscia venturi, &c.] Ulysses begins
against him on his father's side, whereas here to relate his particular services without
the father and uncle of Ajax were both ba the least ostentation.
nished for killing their brother. This, Genitrix Nereia. ] Thetis, the daughter of
“ damnatus et exul,” is in return for Ajax's Nereus, was the mother of Achilles.
hint, ver. 25.--" ubi Æoliden saxum grave 163. Dissimulat.] Similo or simulo, as, sig
Sisyphon urget." nifies to make alike : dissimulo, to make un
146. Cyllenius.] Mercury, so called from like ; therefore, the first signifies also, to
Cyllene, a mountain of Arcadia. The mo suppose a thing to be, that is not : and the
ther ofUlysseswas the daughter of Autolycus; latter, to suppose a thing not to be, that
whose father was Mercury. really is, or hence, to conceal. These sig
149. Insons.] Innocent, guiltless. nifications are set forth in our dictionaries ;
151. Dummodò, &c.] Ajax was nearly but not in the regular order they flow from
I related to Achilles, on which he founded no the radix. The compilers of such books
small pretensions to his arms ; of this Ulys have not sufficiently attended to this, hence
ses was so sensible, that he begs the conten it is, that they give many words seemingly
tion should rather be determined by their of contrary significations, at least very dif
services : alledging, that if consanguinity ferent, which might have been avoided by
was to have any weight, other candidates attending to etymology- N. B. I would there
might be found whose pretensions were as fore advise the young scholar carefully to
well founded. learn the primary signification ofwords, when
155. Illi.] To Achilles. the diversity would easily follow, and be more
156. Phthian.] Where Peleus is. readily obtained.
Scyro.] Where Pyrrhus is. The Greeks Cultu, &c. ] By his dress ; for Achilles
sent for him afterwards to the war. was disguised in the habit of a virgin.
0.0
466 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIII.

în quibus Ajacem. Ego inse- In quibus Ajacem, sumptæ fallacia vestis.

rui arma motura virilem ani- Arma egoffoemineis animum motura virilem 165
mum mercibus fœmineis. Ne
que heros adhuc projecerat Mercibus inserui. Neque adhuc projecerat heros
virgineos habitus. Cùm dixi Virgineos habitus. Cùm parmam hastamque
tenenti parmam hastamque, tenenti ,
Nate Dea : Pergama peritura Nate Dea, dixi; tibi se peritura reservant [jam?
reservant se tibi. Quid dubi
tas evertere ingentem Tro- Pergama. Quid dubitas ingentem evertere Tro
jam ? injeci manum ; que misi Injecique manum; fortemque ad fortia misi. 170
fortem ad fortia, ergo opera Ergo opera illius mea sunt. Ego Telephon hastâ
illius sunt mea. Ego domui
Telephon pugnantem hasta : Pugnantem domui : victum orantemque refeci.
que refeci victum orantem. Quòd Thebæ cecidêre, meum est. Me credite
Quòd Theba cecidêre est me Lesbon, F
[urbes,
um. Credite me cepisse Les- Me Tenedon , Chrysenque, et Cyllan Apollinis
bon, me Tenedon, Chrysen
que et Cyllan, urbes Apolli- Et Scyron cepisse. Meâ concussa putate 175
nis, et Scyron. Putate Lyrnesia Procubuisse solo Lyrnesia monia dextrâ.
moenia concussa procubuisse Utque alias taceam ; qui sævum perdere posset
solo meâ dextrâ. Utque ta
ceam alias ; nempe dedi qui Hectora, nempe dedi. Per me jacet inclytus
posset perdere sævum Hecto Hector.
ra. Inclytus Hector jacet per Illis hæc armis, quibus est inventus Achilles,
me. Peto hæc arma, illis ar- Arma peto. Vivo dederam, post fata reposco.
mis, quibus Achilles est in
ventus. Dederam Achilli vivo, Ut dolor unius Danaos pervenit ad omnes ; 181
reposco post fata illius. Ut Aulidaque Euboïcam complèrunt mille carinæ ;
dolor unius pervenit ad om- Expectata diu, nulla aut contraria classi, [ sortes
nes Dahaos ; que mille carina Flamina sunt : duræque jubent Agamemnona
complêruntEuboicam Aulida ;
flamina expectata diu sunt Immeritam sævæ natam mactare Dianæ. 185
nulla aut contraria classi : du
ræque sortes jubent Agamemnona mactare immeritam natum sævæ Dianæ.

NOTES.

164. In quibus.] Among whom.
1 165. Arma. ] A sword, spear, and shield.
166. Projecerat.] Had laid aside.
170. Ad fortia.] sc. Gerenda. To perform.
171. Ergo, &c.] Ulysses ascribes to him
self the merit of the services done by Achilles,
as it was owing to him that he assisted at the
Trojan war.
Telephon. A king of Lycia, the son of
Hercules, by the nymph Auge ; who having
opposed the Greeks, was wounded in the
thigh by Achilles ; and having received a
second wound, was cured. See Lib. XII.
172. Orantemque refeci.] I healed the
wound with the same spear that gave it.
175. Theba. ] How many cities were there
of this name which is meant here ?
174. Tenedon, &c. ] Trojan cities in which
Apollo was worshipped.
176. Procubuisse solo.] Levelled to the
ground.
Lyrnesia monia.] Lyrnessus was a Trojan
city, from whence Achilles carried away
Briseis.
177. Sævum .] Great, terrible.
180. Vivo dederan .] sc. Achilli dederam
Arma, theweapons, which were placed among
the female ornaments. For their Achilles
began first to handle arms.
Post fata.] After his death.
181. Dolor unius. The resentment of
Menelaus. Dolor. ] Ulysses proceeds to
mention his own personal merit, which he
proved to be superior to that of Ajax. For
when the Grecian fleet came to Aulis, they
were detained by a tempest ; whereupon
the Augurs being consulted, gave answer
that Diana must be appeased with the blood
of Iphegenia, the daughter of Agamemnon,
who had accidentally killed a doe that be
longed to the Goddess.- See the Introduc
tory Preface before the XIIth Book, for the
manner by which the Goddess was rendered
propitious.
Unius.] Of Menelaus, because of Helena
that had been stolen from him.- Pervenit
ad Danaos, &c. ] It stirred up all the Greeks.
182. Aulidaque. ] Aulis is a city of Boeotia,
remarkable for its famous port, where the
Grecian fleet rendezvoused.
184. Flamina.] The winds..
Duræque sortes.] The cruel oracles.
185, Natam.] Iphigenia, his daughter.
 FAB. 11. METAMORPHOSEON. 467

Denegat hoc genitor : Divisque irascitur ipsis: Genitor denegat hoc que
irascitur Divis ipsis : atque
Atque in rege tamen pater est. Ego mite parentis
tamen pater est in rege. Ego
Ingenium verbis ad publica commoda verti. verti mite ingenium parentis
Nunc equidem fateor, fassoque ignoscat Atrides ; ad publica commoda verbis.
Difficilem tenui sub iniquo judice causam. 190 Equidem nunc fateor, Atrides
Hunc tamen utilitas populi, fraterque, datique ignoscat fasso ; tenui diffici
lem causam sub iniquo
Summa movet sceptri ; laudem ut cum sangui- Tamen utilitas populi,judice. fra
ne penset. compensates [astu terque, que summa dati scep
Mittor et ad matrem : Que non hortanda, sed tri movet hunc ; ut penset
laudem cum sanguine filiæ
Decipienda fuit. Quò si Telamonius isset, suæ immolandæ. Et mittor
Orba suis essent etiamnum linteá ventis. 195 ad matrem; Quæ non fuit hor
Mittor et Iliacas audax orator ad arces : tanda, sed decipienda astu.
Quò si Telamonius isset, lin
Visaque et intrata est altæ mihi curia Troja. tea essent etiamnum orba su
Plenaque adhuc erat illa viris. Interritus egi, is ventis. Et mittor audax o
Quam mihi mandârat communis Græcia, causam : rator ad Iliacas arces : et cu
Accusoque Parin: prædamque Helenamque re- ria altæ Troja est visa et in
trata mihi. Que illa erat ad
posco : [tum. huc plena viris . Egi interri
Et moveo Priamum , Priamoque Antenorajunc- tus causam quam communis
At Paris, et fratres, et qui rapuêre sub illo, 202 Græcia mandârat mihi : ac
Vix tenuêre manus ( scis hoc, Menelaë) nefandas : cusoque Parin ; que reposco
Primaque lux nostri tecum fuit illa pericli. prædamque Helenamque :
et moveo Priamum, et Ante
Longa referre mora est, quæ consilioque manu nora junctum Priamo. At
Utiliter feci spatiosi tempore belli . [ que Paris, et fratres, et qui rapu
êre sub illo, vix tenuêre ne
fandas manus (Meneläe scis
$ hoc :) que illa fuit prima lux nostri pericli tecum. Longa est mora referre, quæ feci utili
ter tempore spatiosi belli consilioque manuque.
NOTES.
186. Genitor.] Her father Agamemnon. as if he had said Telamonius, i. e. Ajax
187. Atque in rege, &c .] Though he lov would never have obtained Iphigenia.
ed his people, he loved his daughter also ; 196. Mittor, &c.] The Greeks, before
and therefore it was no easy matter to pre they proceeded to hostilities, sent ambas
vail upon him. sadors to Troy to offer terms, which the
Pater ] The affection of a father. Trojans foolishly rejected. -Ulysses was one
190. Difficilem.] Because ofthe partiality of these ambassadors, Menelaus himself
of the judge ; for Agamemnon seemed to another.
be governed more by his paternal affection Orator.] An ambassador, an orator.
than the public good.-Tenui. ] I gained. 198. Plenaque, &c.] He intimates that
1 Iniquo. ] Partial. he went bodily to Priamus ; not by night,
191. Summa dati sceptri.] The supreme but in the noon day, when he was attended
power committed to him by the Greeks : by his chiefs ; or when as yet there had not
1 Sceptrum, being an emblem of power, been so many ofthe Trojan heroes slain.
signifies power also, 200. Prædamque.] Whatsoever Paris had
Laudem ] Glory. All these motives were carried away with Helena.
urged by Ulysses to engage Agamemnon in 201. Antenora junctum.] Either by place,
3 the public interest. His brother Menelaus or because he assented to the opinion of
had the chief command given him. Priamus ; for Antenor was always of an
Sanguine.] Of Iphigenia to be offered. opinion, that Helena should be restored to
1 192. Ut penset, &c.] To purchase glory, &c. Menelaus.
193. Hortanda.] To be entreated, per 202. Sub illo.] Under the conduct and
suaded, command of Paris.
194. Decipienda.] Ulysses entreated the 203. Vix tenûere manus,] They hardly
mother of Iphigenia, to permit her daugh abstained from violence : I was very near
ter to go with him, under pretence of her being killed.
} having been espoused to Achilles by Aga Nefandas. ] For it is a great offence to do
memnon. violence to the persons of ambassadors.
195. Orba suis essent, &c.] We should 206. Spatiosi belli.] Of a long and tedi
not have had a favourable wind until now; ous war, that continued till the tenth year
 468 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIIL

Post primas acies hostes con- Post acies primas, urbis se manibus hostes 207
tinuêre se diu mœnibus urbis; Continuêre diu ; nec aperti copia Martis
nec fuit ulla copia aperti
Martis. Pugnavimus demum Ulla fuit. Decimo demum pugnavimus anno.
decimo anno . Interea quid Quid facis interea, qui nil nisi prælia nôsti ?
facis, qui nôsti nil nisi prælia? Quis tuus usus erat ? Nam si mea facta requiris :
quis tuus usus erat ? nam si
requiris mea facta ; insidior Hostibus insidior : fossas munimine cingo : 212
hostibus : cingo fossas mu- Consolor socios ; ut longi tædia belli
nimine : consolor socios ; ut Mente ferant placidâ : doceo , quo simus alendi
ferant tædia longi belli placi- Armandique modo : mittor quò postulat usus.
dâ mente : doceo, quo modo
simus alendi armandique ; Ecce Jovis monitu deceptus imagine somni 216
mittor quò usus postulat . Rex jubet incœpti curam dimittere belli.
Ecce rex deceptus monitu Ille potest auctore suam defendere causam .
Jovis imagine somni jubet Non sinat hoc Ajax : delendaque Pergama poscat;
dimittere curam incœpti belli.
Ille potest defendere causam Quodque potest, pugnet . Cur non remoratur
suam auctore. Ajax non si ituros? 220
nat hoc que poscat Perga- Cur non arma capit ? dat, quod vaga turba se
ma delenda : que pugnet,
quod potest. Cur non remo quatur? [quenti.
ratur ituros? cur non capit Non erat hoc nimium, nunquam nisi magna lo
arma ? dat, quod vaga turba Quid, quòd et ipse fugis ? Vidi, puduitque videre,
sequatur? hoc non erat ni- Cum tu terga dares, inhonestaque vela parares.
mium 4jaci nunquam loquen- Nec mora, Quid facitis ? quæ vos dementia ,
ti nisi magna. Quid, quòd
et ipse fugis ? Vidi, puduit dixi,
que videre, cum tu dares ter- Concitat, ô socii, captam dimittere Trojam ?
ga, que parares inhonesta
vela. Nec mora, dixi, ô so Quidve domum fertis decimo, nisi dedecus, anno
cii, quid facitis? quæ demen Talibus atque aliis, in quæ dolor ipse disertum
tia concitat vos dimittere jam Fecerat, aversos profugâ de classe reduxi.
ferè captam Trojam ? quidve Convocat Atrides socios terrore paventes : 230
fertis domum, nisi dedecus,
decimo anno ? reduxi aversos de profugâ classe, talibus atque aliis, in quæ dolor ipse fece
rat disertum. Atrides convocat socios paventes terrore :

NOTES.

207. Primas acies.] After the first skir-
mish or engagement .
209. Demum.] Only at least.
210. Quid facis. ] He addresses himself
to Ajax.
211. Quis, &c.] What use were you of to
the Grecians ?
214. Quo simus alendi.] I provide pro
visions and arms for the army.
216. Ecce, &c.] The ancients used to
call them moniti somni, in which the Gods
themselves appeared.
Ecce Jovis, &c.] When Achilles, through
resentment for the indignity offered, had re
tired to his ships, Agamemnon, in order to
discover the affections of the people, acquaints
them, that Jupiter in a dream had ordered him
to return to Greece, for that they could not
take Troy: but this artifice was near produc
ing a very serious effect ; the people were for
returning in reality, and it was with great
difficulty they were prevented. Ulysses was
principally active in persuading them to stay.
218. Auctore. Lest he should offend
Agamemnon by reciting this adventure, he
places the blame of it to the account of
Jupiter.
219. Non sinat.] An irony, by which
Ulysses intimates, that Ajax was not able to
prevent them from returning home.
221. Dat, &c.] Let him say something ;
let him give any advice that the people will
follow.
222. Non erat, &c. ] To Ajax who always
boasted of great things, this was not of much
importance ; for there was occasion of much
eloquence to detain them, when they were
just ready to depart.
224. Inhonestaque.] Dishonourable and
cowardly.
226. Concitat.] Moves, induces you to
go away.- Captam.] Not indeed already
taken ; but in such a state as must render it ?
easily to be taken.
228. In quæ.] To which, or on which
account.
229. Profugâ.] That was ready to sail.
230. Atrides.] Agamemnon.
 FAB. 11. METAMORPHOSEON. 469

Nec Telamoniades etiam nunc hiscere quicquam nec etiam nunc Telamonia
des ausit hiscere quicquam .
Ausit. At ausus erat reges incessere dictis At Thersites erat ausus inces
Thersites, etiamper me haud impunè, protervis. sere regesprotervisdictis, etiam
Erigor : et trepidos cives exhortor in hostem : haud impunè per me. Eri
Amissamque meâ virtutem voce reposco. 235 gor : et exhortor trepidos cives
in hostem : que reposco amis
Tempore ab hôc quodcunque potest fecisse videri sam virtutem meâ voce. Ab
Fortiter iste, meum est : a quem dantem terga hoc tempore, quodcunque iste
retraxi. potest videri fecisse fortiter,
Denique de Danais quis te laudatve petitve ? est meum : quem retraxi dan
tem terga. Denique quis de
At sua Tydides mecum communicat acta : Danais laudatve petitve te so
Meprobat: et socio semper confidit Ulysse. 240 cium ? At Tydides communi
Est aliquid, de tot Graiorum millibus, unum cat sua acta mecum : probat
me et semper confidit socie
A Diomede legi. Nec me sors ire jubebat : Ulysse. Est aliquid unum
Sic tamen et spreto noctisque hostisque periclo, legi à Diomede de tot milli
Ausum eadem, quæ nos, Phrygiâ de gente Dolona bus Graiorum. Nec sors ju
Interimo : non antè tamen, quàm cuncta coëgi bebat me ire : tamen sic spre
Prodere, et edidici quid perfida Troja pararet. to que,periculo
interimonoctisque
Dolonadehostis
Phry
Omnia cognôram : nec, quod specularer, habe- giâ gente, ausum eadem quæ
bam : 247 nos : tamen non ante, quàm
Et jam præmissâ poteram cum laude reverti. coëgi prodere cuncta, et edi
dici quid perfida Troja para
Haud contentus eâ, petii tentoria Rhesi ; ret. Cognôram omnia : nec
Inque suis ipsum castris comitesque peremi. 250 habebam quod specularer ; et
Atque ita captivo victor votisque potitus, jam poteram reverti cum laude
præmissâ. Haud contentus
Ingredior curru lætos imitante triumphos. ea, petii tentoria Rhesi : que
peremi ipsum comitesque in
suis castris. Atque ita victor, que potitus captivo votisque, ingredior curru imitante lætos
-triumphos. a qui.

I NOTES.
231. Telamoniades.] Ajax, the son of Te
lamon.
232. Incessere.] To provoke, to irritate.
Dictis protervis.] With reproaches, with
upbraidings.
253. Thersites. ] Not any one in the Gre
cian army was more deformed, or had a
more impertinent tongue.
Haud impunè.] Not unpunished : for
when he reviled Agamemnon, Ulysses cor
rected him with his sceptre.
235. Reposco.] I pressed it upon their
minds.
236. Tempore ab hôc, &c.] Whatsoever
has been done by Ajax, since I kept him from
running away, is to be attributed to me.
237. Iste.] That Ajax.
238. Denique, &c.] He answers to what
Ajax objected to in the 100th verse.
Petitve.] sc. Socium.
240. Probat.] Praises or approves of.
241. Est aliquid, &c.] It is honourable to
bechosen a companion to a brave man. For
Diomedes, of all the Greeks, made choice
of Ulysses to be his companion in viewing
the Trojan camp .
242. Nec me, &c.] He intimates that he
went uninvited to view the enemies camp
with Diomedes.- Nec me sors, &c.] It was,
not by lot that I engaged, as was the situa
tion of Ajax when he fought with Hector.
243. Spreto noctis, &c.] Án answer, to
(luce nihil gestum.)
244. Quæ nos.] scil. audebamus.
245. Non antè.] sc. Interemi.
246. Prodere.] To discoyer.- Perfida
Troja.] The perfidious Trojans ; this epithet
was given to Troy for their behaviour in this
war, as well as in the days of Laomedon.
247. Specularer.] I should search out as
a spy.
248. Et jam præmissâ, &c.] I did discover
the motions ofthe enemy, which was what I
engaged to ; and I might have returned with
no small share of glory (præmissâ). The
news of which had flown before me.
249. Rhesi.] A king of the Thracians, and
1 an auxiliary of the Trojans, whom Ulysses
slew with his companions, and brought
away his white horses into the camp.
252. Curru.] He means the chariot and
horses of Rhesus.
Imitante.] I mount the chariot, which was
almost like a triumphal one. He alludes to
the triumphal horses and chariots in which
the Roman conquerors were usually carried.
 470 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIIL

Negate mihi arma viri, cujus Cujus equos pretiumpro nocte poposcerat hostis,
equos hostis poposcerat pre- Arma negate mihi : afueritque benignior Ajax.
tium pro nocte ; fueritque A
jax benignior. Quid referam Quid Lycii referam Sarpedonis agmina ferro
agmina Lycii Sarpedonis de- Devastata meo ? Cum multo sanguine fudi 256
vastata meo ferro? Fudi Coe- Coranon Iphitiden et Alastoraque Chromiumque,
anon Iphitiden, et Alastora- Alcandrumque, Haliumque, Noëmonaque,
que, Chromiumque, Alcan
drumque, Haliumque, Noë Prytaninque,
monaque, Prytaninque cum Exitioque dedi cum Chersidamante Thoona,
multo
Thoona sanguine,
exitio cum que dedi Et Charopen, fatisque immitibus Ennomon ac
Chersida
tum : [urbis
mante, et Charopen, que En
nomon actum immitibus fatis: Quique minùs celebres nostrâ sub moenibus
quique minùs celebres procu- Procubuêre manu. Sunt et mihi vulnera, cives,
buêre sub moenibus urbis nos
trà manu . Cives, et vulnera Ipso pulchra loco. Nec vanis credite verbis. [ sunt
sunt mihi pulchra ipso loco. Aspicite en. Vestemque manu deducit, et, Hæc
Net credite vanis verbis. En Pectora semper, ait, vestris exercita rebus. 265
aspicite. Que deducit vestem At nihil impendit per tot Telamonius annos
manu, et ait, Hæc sunt pec
tora exercita vestris rebus. At Sanguinis in socios . et habet sinè vulnere corpus.
Telamonius impendit nihil Quid tamen hoc refert ; si se pro classe Pelasgâ
sanguinis per tot annos in so- Arma tulisse refert contra Troasque Jovemque ?
cios habet corpus
nere.: etTamen vul- Confiteorque tulit : neque enim benefacta ma
sinèrefert,
quid hoc
si refert se tulisse arma pro ligne 270
Pelasgà classe contra Troas Detrectare meum est. Sed nec communia solus
Jovemque? confiteorque tulit : Occupet, atque aliquem vobis quoque reddat
enim neque est meum detrec honorem.
tare malignè benefacta. Sed
nec solus occupet communia,
atque reddat aliquem honorem vobis quoque. a fueritque his dignior Ajax.

NOTES.

255. Pro nocte.] For one night's service.
254. Arma negate mihi, &c.] scil . (illius)
arma cujus equos, &c. Hector had engaged
to give Dolon the horses of Achilles for one
night's service.
Negate.] An irony that Ulysses makes
use of, to show that the arms of Achilles
ought to be denied to Ajax, and given to him.
Benignior.] More worthy.
Fueritque, &c .] And Ajax pretends to
have been more liberal of his services. Be
nignus signifies generous in giving : malignus
sparing or parsimonious ; I wish, therefore, it
could be read, fueritque benignior Hector.
255. Sarpedonis . The son of Jupiter by
Europa, brother of Minos, and king of
Lycia ; Sarpedon being an auxiliary to the
Trojans, and many of his companions being
slain by Ulysses, was himself at last killed by
Patroclus.
257. Iphitiden.] The son of Iphitus.
259. Exitioque dedi.] And I slew.
260. Ictum.] Driven into my way by his
cruel fates.
262. Sunt et mihi.] A reply to ver. 117,
and ver. 118.
265. Ipso pulchra loco. ] Received by ex
posing my breast : For it was a disgrace to
be wounded in the back.
264. Aspicite.] It was looked upon by the
ancients to be very honourable to shew the
wounds that had been received from the ene
my.- -Deducit.] He removes, he turns on
one side.
268. Quid tamen, &c.] As though he had
said nothing to the purpose. For Ulysses
confutes what Ajax had boasted of, that he
singly had repelled the Trojan fire-brands
from the Grecian fleet. For, says he, there
were others besides him ; particularly Patro
clus, whoin the armour of Achilles, withstood
the enemies attempt to fire our ships.
Hoc refert.] Where is the mighty conse
quence in his having defended the fleet?
Jovemque.] For Jupiter was on the side
of Hector and the Trojans.
270. Benefacta. ] Brave or good actions.
Malignè detrectare.] To detract from with
malignity and reviling.
271. Sed nec communia, &c.] Only let not
Ajax arrogate to himself, what is belonging
to you as well as to him.
272. Vobis,] A well- timed compliment to
the judges.
 FAB. 11. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 471

Reppulit Actorides sub imagine tutus Achillis Actorides, tutus sub imagine'
Troas ab arsuris cum defensore carinis. 274 Achilles, reppulit Troas cum
defensore ab arsuris carinis.
Ausum etiam Hectoreo solum concurrere Marti
Etiam putat se ausum solum
Se putat, oblitus regisque, ducumque, meique ; concurrere Hectoreo Marti,
Nonus in officio, et prælatus, munere sortis. oblitus regisque, ducumque
Sed tamen eventus vestræ, fortissime, pugnæ meique ; nonus in officio, et
prælatus munere sortis. Sed
Quis fuit ? Hector abit violatus vulnere nullo. tamen, fortissime, quis eventus
Me miserum ! quanto cogor meminisse dolore 280 fuit vestræ pugnæ ? Hector
Temporis illius, quo Graiùm murus Achilles abit violatus nullo vulnere.
Procubuit ! nee me lacrymæ, luctusve, timorve Me miserum ! quanto dolore
E cogor meminisse illius tempo
Tardârunt, quin corpus humo sublime referrem. ris, quo Achilles, murus Gra
His humeris, his, inquam, humeris ego corpus iûm procubuit ! nec lacrymæ,
Achillis, [laboro. luctusve, timorve tardarunt
C Et simul arma tuli : quæ nunc quoque ferre me, quin referrem corpus
sublime humo. His humeris,
Sunt mihi, quæ valeant in talia pondera, vires : inquam, his humeris, ego tuli
Est animus vestros certè sensurus honores. 287 corpus Achillis et simul ar
7 Scilicet idcirco pro gnato cærula mater ma : quæ nunc quoque labe
ro ferre. Vires sunt mihi,
Ambitiosa suo fuit, ut coelestia dona, quæ valeant in tanta pondera :
Artis opus tantæ, rudis et sinè pectore miles est animus certè sensurus ves
Indueret ? neque enim clypei cœlamina nôrit, tros honores. Scilicet idcireo
cærula mater fuit ambitiosa
Oceanum, et terras, cumque alto sidera cœlo, pro suo gnato, ut rudis miles
et sinè pectore indueret cœlestia dona, opus tantæ artis? enfm neque nôrit cœlamina clypei
oceanum, et terras, que sidera cum alto cœlo,

NOTES.

275. Actorides.] The son of Actor, Pa
troclus, repulsed the Trojans ; the glory of
Ajax then is not so great, since others could
repulse them as well as he.
274. Defensore. ] Hector. For he was
the defender of the Trojans.
275. Ausum, &c.] For Ajax had arrogat
ed this to himself, ver. 87.
€ " Hunc ego poscentem cum quo concur
reret, unus
Sustinui."
This Ulysses refutes, by observing, that
Ajax did not engage with Hector of his own
accord, but by lot.
276. Putat.] He conceits.
Oblitus regisque, &c.] Here he again pays
due respect to the judges, which Ajax had
neglected to do, or from vanity would not
submit to. -Regisque.] Of Agamemnon.
Dacumque -nonus, &c.] Nine heroes
cast lots, as we learn from Homer.
277. Prælatus munere sortis.] He was
preferred before others no otherways than
by lot. For of the nine persons, one of
whom was to engage Hector by lot, Nestor
directed each man to cast his lot into his
鬣 helmet, when that of Ajax was first drawn,
E which determined his engaging.
278. Fortissime. ] He addresses himself to
Ajax ironically. What was, thou most
magnanimous hero, the issue of this combat ?
279. Hector abit, &c.] Hector retired to
Troy, not in the least injured, having re
ceived no wound from Ajax. He shews ,
that Ajax did nothing extraordinary in that
engagement.
280. Me miserum ! &c. ] He speaks again
to the passions ; and replies to the obloquy
of Ajax, ver. 107. Ulysses seems to have
wept at the pronouncing this.
Quanto.] sc. Cum.
21. Graium.] Taos 'Ayaw ,, i. e.
the fortress ofthe Greeks.
285. Referrem, &c.] I raised the body
from the ground, and carried it upon these
shoulders from the field of battle:
285. Laboro.] I wish or desire.
287. Certe.] At least, hinting at the stu
pidity of Ajax,
Sensurus. That is sensible of, and shall
put a due value on.
288. Scilicet.] To be sure ; this is spoken
with a degree of contempt , scilicet, for scire
licet ; as ilicet, for ire licet.
Carula mater.] Thetis, a sea goddess.
289. Ambitiosa.] Thetis made use of all
her influence to prevail on Vulcan to make
these arms,
290. Rudis, &c. miles.] He derides Ajax
for coveting arms, the designs upon which
he did not understand.
291. Celamina,] The engravings.
472 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIII.

Pleiadasque, Hyadasque, que Pleiadasque, Hyadasque, immunemque æquoris

Arcton immunem æquoris, Arcton, 293
diversasque urbes, nitidum
que ensem Orionis. Postulia Diversasque a urbes, nitidumque Orionis ensem.
ut capiat arma quæ non intel- Postulat ut capiat, quæ non intelligit arma,
ligit. Quid? quòd arguit me Quid ? quòd me duri fugientem munera belli
fugientem munera duri belli Arguit incept serum accessi 297
o sse labori ?
accessisse serum incepto la
bori ? nec sentit se maledicere Nec se magnanimo maledicere sentit Achilli ?
magnanimo Achilli ? si vocat Si simulâsse vocat crimen ; simulavimus ambo.
crimen simulâsse ; ambo si- Si mora pro culpâ est : ego sum maturior illo. 300
mulavim
culpâ : ego Simaturior
us.sum pro Me pia detinuit conjux : pia mater Achillem :
mora estillo.
Pia conjux detinuit me : pia Primaque sunt illis data tempora, cætera vobis.
mater Achillem : prima tem- Haud timeo, si jam nequeo defendere crimen
pora sunt data illis, cætera Cum tanto commune viro. Deprensus Ulyssis
vobis. Haud timeo, si jam
nequeo defendere crimen Ingenio tamen ille ; at non Ajacis Ulysses. 305
commune cum tanto viro. Neve in me solidæ convicia fundere linguæ
Tamen ille deprensus ingenio Admiremur eum : vobis quoque digna pudore
UlyssisNeve
cis. ; at non
admirem Aja- Objicit. An falso Palameden crimine turpe
Ulysses eum
ur
fundere in me convicia stoli- Accusâsse mihi, vobis damnasse decorum est ?
dæ linguæ : quoque objicit Sed neque Naupliades facinus defendere tantum,
digna pudore vobis. An est Tamque patens valuit : nec vos audîstis in illo
turpe mihi accusâsse Palame- Crimina; vidistis : pretioque objecta patebant.
den falso crimine, decorum
est vobis damnâsse ? sed ne Nec Pœantiaden quod habet Vulcania Lemnos ,
que Naupliàdes voluit defen- Esse reus merui. Factum defendite vestrum :
dere tantum, tamque patens Consensistis enim. Nec me suasisse negabo ; 315
facinus ; nec vos audîstis cri- Ut se subtraheret bellique viæque labori,
mina in illo vidistis : que
objecta patebant pretio. Nec Tentaretque feros requie lenire dolores.
quod Vulcania Lemnos habet
Pœantiaden, merui esse reus. Defendite vestrum factum : enim consensistis. Nec negabo
me suasisse ; ut subtraheret se labori bellique viæque, tentaretque lenire feros dolores
requie. a orbes.

NOTES.

293. Pleiadasque. ] What the Pleiades and
Myades are, I have noted in the VIth Book.
Arcton.] Arctos is the lesser Bear, and is
the only one of all the constellations that
never sets.
294. Orionis ensem.] Orion with his
sword. A southern constellation, very con
spicuous, consisting of thirty-two stars.
296. Quid quòd, &c. He answers to the
charge against him ; ver. 36.
297. Incepto labori.] To the war begun.
300. Ego, &c.] I came earlier to the war
than Achilles.
304. Cum tanto, &c.] Where so great a
man, as Achilles had offended as much as I.
305. Ille.] Achilles lying hid in the wo
men's apartment.
306. Neve, &c.] It is no wonder that
Ajax speaks reproachfully of me, when he
does not spare you ; as Ulysses cannot vin
dicate what he mentioned respecting Pala
medes, he connects the judges with it, in
order to sest an odium upon his adversary.
If I have been guilty of a fault in accusing
Palamedes, who was innocent, it was wrong
in you to condemn him. By this insinua
tion, Ulysses denies the charge, and clears
both himself and the nobles.
310. Naupliades.] Palamedes, the son of
Nauplius.
312. Pretioque, &c.] The money that was
found in his tent condemned him.
315. Nec Pœantiadem, &c.] Ulysses re
futes what he was accused of respecting
Philoctetes ; and says, he was left in the isle
of Lemnos by the consent of the princes.
Vulcania Lemnos.] So called, because
Vulcan, who was cast headlong out of hea
ven by Jupiter, fell on the island of Lemnos.
314. Esse reus, &c. ] Ought I to be ac
cused ?
515. Consensistis.] You consented that I
should leave him in Lemnos to be cured.
1 317. Feros dolores.] The pain he felt from
the wound of Hercules' arrow.
FAB. 111. METAMORPHOSEON. 473

Paruit ; et vivit. Non hæc sententia tantùm Paruit, et vivit. Hæc sen
tentia non tantum fida, sed et
Fida, sed et felix ; cum sit satis, esse fidelem. felix : cum sit satis, esse fide
Quem quoniam vates delenda ad Pergama pos- lem. Quem quoniam vates
cunt ; 320 poscunt ad delenda Pergama;
ne mandate mihi. Telamonius
Ne mandate mihi. Meliùs Telamonius ibit ;
ibit melius que molliet vi
Eloquioque virum morbis irâque furentem rum furentem morbis irâque
Molliet : aut aliquâ producet callidus arte. eloquio ; aut callidus producet
aliquâ arte. Simois fluet re
Antè retrò Simois fluet, et sinè a frondibus Ide
trò, et Ide stabit sinè frondi
Stabit, et auxilium promittet Achaïa Troja ; bus, et Achaïa promitte aux
t
Quàm, cessante meo pro vestris pectore rebus, ilium Troja ; ante quàm so
Ajacis stolidi Danaïs solertia prosit. 327 lertia stolidi Ajacis prosit Da
naïs, meo pectore cessante
Sis licèt infestus sociis, regique, mihique,
exsecrere meumque pro vestris rebus. Dure Phi
Dure Philoctete : licèt ,
loctete, licèt sis infestus sociis,
Devoveas sinè fine caput ; cupiasqûe dolenti 330 regique, mihique : licèt exse
Me tibi fortè dari ; nostrumque haurire cruorem ; crere, que devoveas meum
[Utque tui mihi, sic fiat tibi copia nostrî : ] caput sinè fine ; que fortè cu
Te tamen aggrediar : mecumque reducere ni- pias me dari tibi dolenti ; que
haurire nostrum cruorem ;
tar, 333 [utque copia tui fiat mihi, sic
Tamque tuis potiar (faveat Fortuna) sagittis ; nostri tibi :] tamen aggrediar
Quàm sum Dardanio, quem cepi, vate potitus : te: que nitar reducere mecum
que (faveat Fortuna) tam po
Quàm responsa Deûm, Trojanaque fata retexi : Liar tuis sagittis ; quàm sum
Quàm rapui Phrygiæ signum penetrale Minervæ potitus Dardanio vate, quem
cepi : quàm retexi responsa
Deum, Trojanaque fata : quàm rapui penetrale signum Phrygiæ Minervæ

NOTES:

319. Felix.] As to the success ofit. 330. Devoveas, &c.] Though you should
Cum, &c. ] Though it be sufficient, i. e. utter against me those imprecations, which
though no other apology need be offered, than Ajax mentioned, ver. 48.
that this counsel was friendly. 333. Aggrediar.] Notwithstanding your
320. Quem ] Philoctetes. For it was or threats of vengeance, I will still labour my
dained by the Fates, that Troy should not be point.
taken without the arrows of Hercules, which 334. Tamque, &c .] I will have thy ar
were given to Philoctetes ; and therefore it rows as much in my power, as I had Hele
was necessary that Philoctetes should be pre nus, the prophetical son of Priam, together
sent with these arrows. with the Palladium, which it was necessary
321. Ne mandate, &c. ] These three lines to secure, else Troy could never have been
are an irony. taken.
324. Antè, &c.] The nature of things Faveat.] sc. Dummodo.
shall sooner be changed, than the Genius of 336. Quàm responsa, &c.] Ulysses had
Ajax shall do you any service. learned the will of the Gods from Helenus ;
326. Pectore.] My counsel. which was, that Troy should not be taken, as
327. Solertia.] Sharpness of wit. long as the Palladium was kept in it ; and
328. Sis licèt, &c. ] An apostrophe. He from Dolon, that the city would likewise be
addresses himself from Ajax to the absent preserved, if the horses of Rhesus should
Philoctetes. drink ofXanthus, &c. These conditions were
Sociis.] To the Greeks. called the Fates of Troy.
Regique.] And to Agamemnon. 337. Signum, &c. ] The Palladium, i, e.
329. Exsecrere. You may curse. In the the fatal image of Pallas ; that Ulysses, with
meantime Ulysses answers to the 47th verse. the assistance of Diomedes, stole out ofTroy.
PPP
474 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XNÍ.

mediis hostibus. Et Ajax Hostibus è mediis. Et se mihi comparat Ajax?

comparat se mihi ?
fata prohibebant Trojam nempe
capi Nempe capi Trojam prohibebant fata sinè a illo.
sinè illo. Ubi est fortis Ajax? Fortis ubi est Ajax ? ubi sunt ingentia magni
ubi sunt ingentia verba magni Verba viri ? cur hîc metuis ? cur audet Ulysses
viri ? cur metuis hic ? cur Ire per excubias, et se committere nocti ? 342
Ulysses audet ire per excu- Perque feros enses, non tantum mænia Tröum,
bias, et committere se notti ? Verum etiam summas arces intrare : suâque
que intrare non tantum mo
nia Troum, verùm etiam Eripere æde Deam : raptamque efferre per
summas arces per feros enses : bostes ? 345
que eripere Deam suâ æde Que nisi fecissem ; frustrà Telamone creatus
que efferre raptam per hostes?
quæ nisi fecissem : creatus Gestâsset lævâ taurorum tergora septem .
Telamone frustrà gestâsset Illâ nocte mihi Troja victoria parta est :
septem taurorum
tergeraVictoria Pergama tum vici, cùm vinci posse nobis 350
vâ. læ-
Troja parta Desine Tydiden c vultuque et murmurecoëgi.
est mihi illa nocte : tum vici
Pergama cùm coëgi posse Ostentare meum. Pars est sua laudis in illis.
vinci. Desine ostentare nobis Nec tu, cùm sociâ clypeum pro classe tenebas,
meum Tydiden, vultu et mur- Solus eras : tibi turba comes, mihi contigit unus.
mure. Sua pars laudis est in
illis. Nec tu eras solus, cum Qui, nisi pugnacem sciret sapiente minorem
tenebas clypeum pro sociâ Esse, nec indomitæ deberi præmia dextræ, 355
classe turba comes tibi, u- Ipse quoque hæc peteret : peteret moderatior
nus contigit mihi. Qui, nisi
sciret pugnacem esse mino Ajax,
rem sapiente, nec præmia de- Eurypylusque ferox, claroque Andremone natus:
beri indomitæ dextræ, quo- Nec minus Idomeneus, patriâque creatus eâdem
que ipse peteret hæc : mode- Meriones : peteret majoris frater Atridæ .
ratior Ajax peteret, que fe- ,
rox Eurypylus , que natus cla- Quippe manu fortes ( nec sunt tibi Marte secundi )
ro Andremone : nec minùs Consiliis cessêre meis. Tibi dextera bello 361
Idomeneus , que Meriones
creatus eâdem patriâ : frater majoris Atridæ peteret. Quippe fortes manu (nec sunt secun
di Marti tibi) cessêre meis consiliis. Dextera utilis bello est tibi ;
a illis, b auferre. c nutuque.

NOTES.

539. Illo ] The Palladium. principal agent in those exploits.

542. Excubias.] The watches and centinels
of the enemy, which are properly, those
guards that do duty at a distance from a
camp, commonly called the picquets.
544. Suâque æde.] From her temple.
345. Deam.] Pallas, i. e. Palladium, or
image of Pallas.
347. Gestâsset .] The slow spondees of
this line seem to ridicule the unwieldiness of
the great Ajax and his shield.
Lævâ.] On his left arm.
Taurorum, &c. ] A shield covered with
hides of seven oxen.
548. Illâ nocte.] When I carried off the
Palladium.
349. Tydiden meum.] Diomedes, my
friend. Ajax had alleged in verse 100, thrat
Ulysses was no way concerned without Dio
medes.
350. Desine, &c.] It is to be supposed
that Ajax, by his looks and gestures at this
time, was pointing out Diomedes, as the
351. In illis.] The Palladium that was
brought off by me.
552. Pro classe. ] In defence of the fleet.
354. Sapiente. ] That wisdom is to be
preferred to mere bodily strength.
355. Indomita.] To brutal strength alone.
356. Ipse.] Diomedes:
Ajax.] Another Ajax, the son of Oileus.
557. Andremone natus.] Thoas, the son
of Andremon.
358. Patriâque.] Crete.
359. Majoris. ] scil. natu, the elder.
Frater, &c.] Menelaus, the brother of
Agamemnon, the son of Atreus.
360. Nec sunt, &c.] Nor are they inferior
to you in prowess.
561. Consiliis cessere ] Prudence and
conduct are superior and more useful ta
lents than strength of body in a field of
battle ; they are sensible of this, and have,
therefore, declined any competition with inc
on this òccasion.
 FAB. III. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 475

3 Utilis ; ingenium est, quod eget moderamine est ingenium, quod eget mo
nostro. deramine nostro. Tu geris
vires sinè mente : cura futuri
Tu vires sinè mente geris : mihi cura futuri est. est mihi. Tu potes pugnare :
Tu pugnare potes : pugnandi tempora mecum Atrides eligit tempora pug
Eligit Atrides. Tu tantum corpore prodes ; 365 nandi mecur.. Tu tantum
7" Nos animo. 1 Quantoque ratem qui temperat, prodes corpore ; nos animo,
anteit Quantoque qui temperat ra
tem anteit officium remigis ;
险 Remigis officium ; quanto dux milite major ; quanto dux major milite ; tan
Nec non
Tanto ego te supero. Nec non in corpore nostro to ego supero te.
Pectora sunt potiora manu. Vigor omnis in illis, pectora sunt potiora manu in
nostro corpore . Omnis vigor
At vos, ô proceres, vigili date præmia vestro ; 370 in illis. At vos, ô proceres,
Proque tot annorum & curâ, quos anxius egi, date præmia vestro vigili ;
Hunc titulum meritis pensandum reddite nostris, proque curâ tot annorum,
Jam labor in fine est. Obstantia fata removi : quos egi anxius, reddite hunc
titulum pensandum nostris
Altaque, posse capi faciendo, Pergama cepi. meritis : Jam labor est in fine.
EN Per spes nunc socias, casuraque moenia Troum, Removi obstantia fata : que
Perque Deos oro, quos hosti nuper ademi ; 376 cepi alta Pergama, faciendo
Per, si quid, superest, quod sit sapienter agendum; posse capi. Nunc oro per so
cias spes, quæ moenia casura
1 [ Si quid adhuc audax , ex præcipitique petendum ; Troum, perque Deos quos
Si Troja fatis aliquid restare putatis ; ] nuper ademi hosti ; per quod
Este mei memores ; aut si mihi non datis arma ; sit sapienter agendum, si quid
Huic date: Et ostendit signum fatale Minervæ. superest ; [si quid audax, que
Mota manus procerum est : et, quid facundia petendum ex præcipiti ; și
putatis aliquid restare fatis
⚫ posset, 382 Troja :] este memores mei :
Repatuit ; fortisque viri tulit arma disertus. aut si non datis mihi arma :
date huic. Et ostendit fatale signum Minervæ. Manus procerum est mota : et patuit re,
quid facundia posset ; que disertus tulit arma fortis viri.
a curis, quas anxius, &c. Tùm patuit.

NOTES.

562. Ingenium .] sc. Sed. For Ulysses
allows strength of body to Ajax.
363. Mente.] Without wit or conduct.
Mihi cura futuri est. ] I have a provident
'eye upon what may happen.
366. Qui temperat ratem.] That steers a
ship.- Anteit ] A spondæus, by making a
diphthong ofthe vowels.
369. Vigor.] It is the vigour ofthe mind
that is chiefly to be prized.
370. Vigili vestro.] To him who was your
guard.
371. Tot annorum curâ.] Ulysses was
solicitous for the Greeks more than ten 1
years.
372. Hunc titulum meritis, & c.] The
honour which is due as a reward for my
watchings and labour, undertaken for the
public good.
375. Jam labor, &c.] For my labour being
finished, my reward becomes due.
374. Posse capi. ] That it was possible to
take it. So 5. Trist. Et facis accepto
munere posse frui."
375. Per spes socias.] By our united hopes.
376. Perque Deos.] This may aignify
eitherthe Palladium, or the protection ofthe
gods, which he had withdrawn from the
Trojans, by conquering their fates.
377. Superest agendum.] Remains to be
done.
378. Audax.] In doing which there is need
of boldness. These two verses enclosed in
crotchets, Heinsius condemns as spurious.
" Ex præcipiti. ] Præceps, from præ and
caput, signifies head- foremost, headlong,
therefore steep and dangerous.
579. Fatis ] The Fates opposing the taking
Troy. He means the arrows of Hercules.
381. Huic.] scil. signo. Ulysses displays
the Palladium, which he had stolen out of
Troy. 1
382. Mota manus.] The whole body of
the Grecian princes was moved, and
wrought upon by the oration of Ulysses.
Et quid, &c .] Then it appeared manifestly
of what force eloquence is in influencing the
minds of men.
383. Fortis, &c ] Of Achilles. For the
Greeks adjudged the arms of Achilles to
Ulysses, rather for his eloquence than for his
strength and valour.
Tulit. Received, won.
Disertus. ] Eloquent Ulysses.
 476 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIII.

Qui solus toties sustinuit Hec- Hectora qui solus, qui ferrum, ignemque, Jo
tora, qui ferrum, ignemque, vemque
Jovemque, non sustinet unam
iram : Que dolor vincit invic- Sustinuit toties ; unam non sustinet iram ; 385
tum virum. Arripit ensem . Invictumque virum vincit dolor. Arripit ensem :
Et ait,,certè hic est meus. An Et, Meus hic certè est. An et hunc sibi pos
Ulysses poscet et hunc sibi ?
Hoc est utendum mihi in me : cet Ulysses? [cruore
quique sæpe maduit cruore Hôc, ait, utendum est in me mihi : quique
Phrygum, nunc madebit cæde Sæpe Phrygum maduit, domini nunc cæde
domini ne quisquam possit madebit : 389
superare Ajacem, nisi Ajax. Ne quisquam Ajacem possit superare , nisi Ajax.
Dixit : et condidit lethalem
ensem in pectus tum denique Dixit : et in pectus tum denique vulnera passum,
passum vulnera, quà patui Quà patuit ferro, lethalem condidit ensem :
ferro : nec manus valuêre edu- Nec valuêre manus infixum educere telum.
cere infixum telum . Cruor ip- Expulit ipse cruor. Rubefactaque sanguine tellus
se expulit. Que tellus rube
facta sanguine genuit purpu- Purpureum viridi genuit de cespite florem, 395
reum florem de viridi cespite, Qui prius Oebalio fuerat de a vulnere natus.
qui prius fuerat natus de Oe- Littera communis mediis pueroque viroque
balio vulnere Littera com- Inscripta est foliis : hæc nominis, illa querelæ.
munis pueroque viroque est
inscripta mediis foliis ; hæc Victor ad Hypsipyles patriam, clarique Thoantis,
nominis, illa querela. Vic- Et veterum terras infamès cæde virorum, 400
tor dat vela ad patriam Hyp- Vela dat ; ut referat, Tirynthia tela, sagittas.
sipyles, clarique Thoantis, et
terras infames cæde veterum Quæ postquam ad Graïos domino comitante
virorum ut referat sagittas, revexit ;
Tirynthia tela. Quæ post- Imposita est sero tandem manus ultima bello.
Graïios dom- Troja simul Priamusque cadunt : Priameïa conjux
revexit ad tandem
quamcomitant
ino e: ulti
ma manus est imposita sero Perdidit infelix hominis post omnia formam ;
bello. Troja Priamusque si- Externasque novo latratu terruit auras.
mul cadunt : Priameia con
jux infelix post omnia perdidit formam hominis; que terruit externas auras novo latratu.
a corpore vel sanguine.

NOTES,

384. Hectora.] A Periphrasis of Ajax. 398. Nominis.] Of Ajax.- Querelæ.] Of

386. Invictumque, &c .] He who was un
conquerable by others, was overcome by his
own anger.
391. Tum denique.] Only then.
392. Quà ] Where it lay open to the sword.
Lethalem ensem.] Ajax, after the duel
with Hector, made him a present of an em
broidered belt : Hector, in return , gave
him a sword, with which, they say, he
destroyed himself.
393. Educere.] To draw out.
396. Oebalio, ] Of Oebalian Hyacinthus,
who was turned into a purple flower by
Apollo.
Vulnere. Of the blood.
397. Littera communis.] It is asserted by
Ovid, that this flower has in its leaves these
letters , which are the initials of the name
"Alas, Ajax, and also an interjection of la
mentation, such as Hyacinthus used expiring
αι, αι
Hyacinthus, who expired. crying out at al.
399. Victor.] Ulysses, who had obtained
the arms of Achilles.-Hypsipyles patriam . ]
The isle of Lemnos, where Hypsipyle, the
daughter of Thoas, reigned.
400. Terras infames, &c.] At a particular
period, the women of Lemnos (except Hyp
sipyle, who spared her father. ) slew their
fathers, husbands, and children ; thence the
land was called " infamis terra," &c.
401, Tirynthia tela.] The arrows of Her
cules. Why he was called Tirynthius, see
Book IX. Fab. 1.
402. Domino.] Philoctetes, whom Ulysses
and Diomedes brought from the isle of Lem
nos, see Book IX. and this Book, Fab. 1.ver 45.
403. Manus ultima. ] The end.
404. Priameïa conjux.] Hecuba, the wifo
of Priamus.
406. Externasque. ] Foreign air, Thrace
for it was far offfrom Troy.
 FAB. 111 . METAMORPHOSEON . 477

Longus in angustum a quà clauditur Helles- Quà longus Hellespontus

407 clauditur in angustum, Ilion
pontus,
ardebat; neque ignis adhuc
Hion ardebat ; neque adhuc consederat ignis : consederat : que ara Jovis
Exiguumque senis Priami Jovis ara cruorem combiberat exiguum cruorem
antistic Phoebi senis Priami. Antistita Phœ
Combiberat. Tractata comis
bi tractata comis tendebat
Non profecturas tendebat ad æthera palmas. non profecturas palmas ad
- Dardanidas matres patriorum signa Deorum, æthera. Graii victores tra
Dum licet, amplexas, succensaque templa tenen- hunt Dardanidas matres, am
Invidiosa trahunt victores præmia Gráii. [ tes plexas signa patriorum Deo
rum, que tenentes succensa
Mittitur Astyanax illis de turibus, unde 415 templa, dum licet, invidiosa
Pugnantem pro se, proavitaque regna tuentem, præmia. Astyanax mittitur
Sæpè videre patrem monstratum à matre solebat. de istis turribus, unde solebat
Jamque viam suadet Boreas ; flatuque secundo sæpè videre patrem, monstra
tum à matre pugnantem pro
Carbasa mota sonant : jubet uti navita ventis. se, que tuentem proavita
Troja, vale : rapimur, clamant : dantque oscula regna. Jamque Boreas suadet
3 terræ 420 viam ; que carbasa mota se
cundo flatu sonant : navita
= Tröades : et patriæ fumantia tecta relinquunt. jubet uti ventis. Troades cla
Ultima conscendit classem (miserabile visu) mant, Troja vale, rapimur :
In mediis Hecuba natorum inventa sepulchris. dant oscula terra ; et relin
Prensantem tumulos, atque ossibus oscula dantem , quunt fumantia tecta patriæ.
= Dulichiæ traxêre manus. Tamen unius hausit, Hecuba (miserabile visu) in
venta in mediis sepulchris
Inque sinu cineres secum tulit Hectoris haustos. natorum, ultima conscendit
Hectoris in tumulo canum de vertice crinem, classem. Dulichia manus
Inferias inopes crinem lacrymasque relinquit. traxêre prensantem tumulos
atque dantem oscula ossibus.
Est, ubi Troja fuit, Phrygiæ c contraria tellus, Tamen hausit, que tulit haus
Bistoniis habitata viris. Polymnestoris illic 430 tos cineres unius Hectoris in
Regia dives erat ; cui te commisit alendum sinu secum. Relinquit canum
crinem de vertice in tumulo
Hectoris, crinem, lacrymas
que, inopes, inferias. Est tellus contraria Phrygiæ, ubi Troja fuit, habitata Bistoniis viris.
Illic erat dives regia Polymnestoris ; cui,
a -quâ pontus clauditur Helles. b tensa. c contermina.

NOTES.
407. Longus Hellespontus.] Hellespont
is the narrow long sea, that divides Asia
from Europe. It was called Hellespont,
C from Helle, the sister of Phryxus, who was
drowned in it.
Quà clauditur in angustum.] Where it
3 grows narrow. The Hellespont grows nar
row in the place where Sestos and Abydos
stood, and extends to Troas, where Troy
stood.
408. Consederat.] Was extinguished.
409. Exiguum.] Because old men have
but little blood.-Jovis ara. ] At which Pri
amus himself was slain.
410. Antistita Phobi.] Cassandra, the
daughter of Priamus, the priestess of Pho
bus.
412. Dardanidas matres. The Trojan
matrons.- Signa. ] The statues, the images.
415. Astyanax.] The son of Hector by
Andromache so called, because he seemed
designed to have the government of the
city ; for is a city, and ava king ;
he was, after the sacking of Troy, thrown
down from a high tower, by Ulysses.
416. Tuentem. ] Defending.
417. Patrem.] Hector.
Matre.] Andromache.
419. Carbasa mota sonant.] The sails be
ing shaken by the winds, make a rattling
noise.
424. Prensantem tumulos. ] Embracing
the sepulchres of her sons.
425. Dulichiæ manus, &c.] Ulysses (call
ed Dulichius, from Dulichium, an island
near Ithaca, his country,) seized on Hecu
ba, while she was embracing the sepulchres
of her sons, and kissing their bones.
Hausit.] She took.
428. Inferias inopes. ] Wretched funeral
offerings.
429. Contraria.] Situated over against
Phrygia.-Tellus.] Thrace. For Bistonia
was a city of Thrace, so called from Biston,
the son of Mars.
450. Polymnestoris .] A king of Thrace
infamous for the murder of Polydore, out of
covetousness for his gold.
478 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIII.

Polydore, pater commisit te Clàm, Polydore, pater, Phrygiisque removit ab

alendum clàm, que removit a armis.
ab Phrygiis armis. Sapiens Consilium sapiens : sceleris nisi præmia magnas
consilium ; nisi adjecisset
magnas opes præmia sceleris, Adjecisset opes, animi irritamen avari. 434
irritamen avari animi. Ut Ut cecidit fortuna Phrygum, capit impius ensem
fortuna Phrygum cecidit, im
pius rex Thracum capit en Rex Thracum, juguloque sui defigit alumni :
sem, que defigit jugulo sui Et, tanquam tolli cum corpore crimina possent,
alumni ; et tanquam crimina Exanimem è scopulo subjectas misit in undas.
possent tolli cum corpore,
misit exanimem è scopulo in
subjectas undas.

NOTES.

432. Polydore.] An apostrophe to Poly Alumni.] Of Polydore, who had been

dore. committed to his care by his father.
Pater.] Priamus. 438. Exanimem, &c.] Polymnestor threw
434. Irritamen.] The incentive. the dead body of Polydore into the sea from
456. Jugulo.] Into the throat. a high rock.

EXP. FAB. I. II . & III. It is universally agreed, that the two harangues
of which this Fable is composed, are master-pieces in their way. In one
are to be seen all that noise and bluster which are usually practised by a
rude, insolent, and hectoring officer : in the other are displayed the powers
of an artful, insinuating eloquence. The question managed here by the
poet is, whether of the two should have the preference ; which has already
been treated with great solemnity and penetration, by that great orator,
Cicero. Ovid, in the ingenious manner he has managed it, and in making
the decision, is inimitable : painting the contenders in the most lively co
lours, and supporting the contrast between the characters with the utmost
propriety.
Ajax was so much enraged, we are told, at the Greeks' determination in
favour of his rival, that he became distracted ; and in his madness, fell upon
some flocks of sheep, as if they had been the enemy, and in the end, stabbed
himself with the sword given him by Hector, for which, in return , Ajax
had presented him a belt, being marks of acknowledged valour, on their
parting, after engaging each other for a day. Homer was of opinion, that
this was the real occasion of his fate ; as he says, Ulysses declared, that when
in hell, the shades ofall the Grecian heroes cameto meet him, except that of
Ajax, who still resented the contention he had with him for Achilles' armour.
His metamorphosis into the Hyacinth, is no other than a romantic episode,
nor can we be certain what flower it is. Discorides believes it to be the
Vaccinium, which bears a purple flower, on which are supposed to be seen
the two letters mentioned by Ovid. Ajax was buried near the promontory
Sigeum, where a tomb was erected to his memory.

FAB. IV. V. & VI. POLYXENÆ IMMOLATIO. HECUBA IN CANEM , MEM

NONIS CINERES IN AVES.

In returning from Troy, the Greeks are stopped in Thrace by the shade ofA
chilles, who desired Polyxena should be sacrificed to his manes. While
Hecuba is getting water to bathe her Daughter's body, she spies the
corpse ofher Son Polydorus, whom she thought still alive. On this, she
flies in a rage to Polymnestor's court, pulls out the Tyrant's eyes, and is
FAB. IV.. METAMORPHOSEON. 479

transformed into a Bitch. Memnon, who was killed by Achilles, is

honoured with a magnificent funeral ; and, at the prayer of Aurora,
Jupiter transforms his ashes into Birds, since called Memnonides.

LITTORE Threïcio classem religârat Atrides, Atrides religârat classem

Dum mare pacatum, dum ventusa amicior Threicio littore, dum mare
esset. esset pacatum, dum ventus
amicior. Hic Achilles exit
Hic subitò, quantus cum viveret esse solebat, humo late rupta subitò, quan
Exit humo late rupta ; similisque minaci , tus solebat esse cum viveret ;
Temporis illius vultum referebat Achilles, 5 similisque minaci, referebat
vultum illius temporis, quo
Quo ferus injusto petiit Agamemnona ferro. ferus petiit Agamemnona in
Immemoresque mei disceditis, inquit, Achivi ? justo ferro. Que inquit, A
Obrutaque est mecum virtutis gratia nostræ ? chivi, disceditis immemores
mei? et gratia nostræ virtutis
Ne facite. Utque meum non sit sinè honore est obruta mecum? ne facite.
sepulchrum, Utque meum sepulchrum non
Placet Achilleos mactata Polyxena manes. 10 sit sinè honore, Polyxena mac
Dixit : et immiti sociis parentibus umbræ, [bat, tata placet Achilleos manes .
Dixit : et socis parentibus
Rapta sinu matris, quam jam propè sola &fove immiti umbræ
, rapta sinu ma
Fortis, et infelix, plusquam fœmina, virgo tris, quam jam propè sola fo
Ducitur ad tumulum ; diroque fit hostia busto. vebat, fortis et infelix virgo, et
Quæ memor ipsa sui, postquam crudelibus aris plusquam fœmina, ducitur ad
tumulum et fit hostia diro
Admota est ; sensitque sibi fera sacra parari ; busto. Quæ ipsa memor sui,
Utque Neoptolemum'stantem, ferrumque tenen postquam est admota crudeli
Inque suo vidit figentem lumina vultu ; [tem, bus aris; que sensit fera sacra
parari sibi ; utque vidit Neop
Utere jamdudum generoso sanguine, dixit, tolemum stantem, que tenen
Nulla mora est. Aut tu jugulo vel pectore telum, tem ferrum, que figentem lu
Conde meo: jugulumque simul pectusque retexit. tere in suoum
minajamdud vultu ; dixit,san
generoso U
guine, Nulla mora est. Aut
tu conde telum meo jugulo vel pectore : que simul retexit jugulum pectusque.
a mitior . b tenebat. c Fortis (at infelix) &c.

NOTES.

1. Classem religârat.] Had moored the
fleet, or cast anchor.
Atrides.] Agamemnon, the son of Atreus.
5. Referebat vultum.] Revived the stern
ness.
6. Petiit.] He set upon, he attacked, i. e.
with such a stern countenance, as when he
prepared to draw his sword against Aga
memnon, because of Briseis, whom he had
taken from him.
7. Immemoresque, &c.] The ghost of A
chilles accuses the Greeks of ingratitude.
8. Obruta.] Buried.
9. Utque, &c. ] That my sepulchre may be
honoured.
10. Mactata.] Slain for sacrifice.
Polyxena.] So called, q. d. the hospitable
entertainer of many. She was the daughter
of Priam by Hecuba , Achilles loved her
while he was alive, and would have her sa
rificed to him when he was dead.
Parentibus.] Consenting, obeying
11. Immiti.] Cruel savage, that would
have a virgin sacrificed to it.
14.] Tumulum.] The tomb of Achilles,
which was at Sigæum, a promontory of
Troy.
Diroque busto.] To the sepulchre of the
cruel and direful ghost, /
15. Sui.] Of her high birth.
Postquam crudelibus, &c. ] After she had
been brought to the savage altar.
16. Fera sacra. ] The barbarous rites, as
she was to be slain at them.
17. Neoptolemum.] Pyrrhus, the son of
Achilles by Deidamia, who was called Neop
tolemus, because he went very young to the
Trojan war, from ves, and roleuos, or
πόλεμος .
Ferrumque.] The sword or knife with
which she was to be killed.
19. Jamdudum. ] Quickly.
Generoso.] My noble blood,
20, Nulla mora.] sc. In me.
 480 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIIL

Scilicet haud Polyxena ferrem Scilicet haud ulli servire Polyxena ferrem, 22
servire ulli, haud ullum Nu Haud
men placabitur per tale sa per tale sacrum Numen placabitur ullum.
orum. Tantùm vellem mea Mors tantum vellem matrem mea fallere posset.
mors posset fallere matrem. Mater obest ; minuitque necis mihi gaudia.
Mater obest, que minuit mi Quamvis 25
hi gaudia necis. Quamvis
non mea mors sed sua vita est Non mea mors illi, verùm sua vita gemenda est,
gemenda. Modò vos este pro- Vos modò, ne Stygios adeam non libera manes,
cul ; ne adeam non libera Este procul ; si justa peto ; tactuque viriles
Stygios manes ; si peto justa : Virgineo removete manus. Acceptior illi,
que removete viriles manus
virgineo tactu. Liber sanguis Quisquis is est, quem cæde meâ placare paratis,
erit acceptior illi, quisquis est, Liber erit sanguis. Si quos tamen ultima nostri
quem paratis placare meâ Vota movent oris ; Priami vos filia regis, 32
cæde. Tamen si ultima vota
nostri oris movent quos ; filia Non captiva rogat ; genitrici corpus inemptum
regis Priami non captiva rogat Reddite : neve auro redimat jus triste sepulchri,
vos ; reddite corpus inemptum Sed lacrymis. Tunc, cùm poterat, redimebat
genitrici neve redimat triste
et auro. 35
jus sepulchri auro sed lacry
mis. Tunc, cùm poterat, re Dixerat. At populus lacrymas, quas illa tenebat,
dimebat et auro. Dixerat. At Non tenet. Ipse etiam flens invitusque sacerdos
populus non tenet lacrymas, Præbita conjecto rupit præcordia ferro.
quas illa tenebat. Etiam sa
cerdos ipse flens invitusque Illa, super terram defecto poplite labens,
rupit præbita præcordia ferro Pertulit intrepidos ad fata novissima vultus. 40
conjecto. Illa, labens super Tunc quoque cura fuit partes a velare tegendas,
terram defecto poplite, pertu- Cùm caderet ; castique decus servare pudoris.
fit intrepidos vultus ad novis
sima fata. Quoque tunc cura Troades excipiunt ; deploratosque recensent
fuit velare partes tegendas, Priamidas ; et quid dederit domus una cruoris.
cùm caderet ; que servare de
cus casti pudoris. Troades excipiunt ; que recensent deploratos Priamidas : et quid cruoris
una domus dederit. a celare pudendas.
NOTES.
22. Scilicet.] For certain. 34. Jus sepulchri.] The privilege of
Haud ulli servire, &c.] For I would cer burial.
tainly never be a slave to any man, being 35. Tunc.] When my mother was able,
Polyxena, the daughter of king Priam. she redeemed the dead bodies of her sons,
Polyxena.] Emphatically ; as though she not with tears alone, but with gold.
had said, I am the daughter of king Priamus, 37. Tenet.] Restrains, refrains from.
and sister of Hector. Invitusque sacerdos. ] Pyrrhus, who took
23. Per tale sacrum, &c.] By putting a care of the sacrifice, and was appointed the
slave to death. high priest.
24. Fallere, &c.] To be concealed from. 58. Præbita.] Voluntarily offered.
Polyxena shows her pity towards her mo 39. Illa.] Polyxena.
ther. Defecto poplite.] Her knees failing.
25. Mater obest.] The grief that will 40. Ad fata, &c.] Even to death.
afflict my mother for my death, troubles 41. Tunc, &c.] The like care Julius Cæ
my mind. sar took, as Suetonius relates ; letting his
26. Gemenda est.] Is to be lamented and gown fall down at his feet, that he might
bewailed. fall with the more decency, when he was
27. Vos modò, &c.] Polyxena petitions wounded by the conspirators.- -Tegendas
that no man might touch her, that she might partes.] The parts that ought to be co
descend unviolated to the shades below. vered.
Ne Stygios adeam, &c.] That I may die 45. Troades excipiunt.] The Trojan wo
free. men take up the body of Polyxena lying
29. Acceptior.] More grateful or accepta dead.
ble. + Recensent.] They recount, they reckon
30. Quisquis is est. ] Whether he be a god up, which was the usual custom in funeral
or a hero ; for Polyxena did not know whom lamentations.
she was to appease, by her being made a 44. Quid cruoris.] How much blood ;
sacrifice . for all the sons of Priamus had been slain.
 FAB. V. METAMORPHOSEON. 481

Teque gemunt, virgo ; teque ô modò regia con- Que, virgo, gemunt te ; teque
ô modò dicta regia conjux,
Regia dicta parens, Asiæ florentis imago : [ jux,
regia parens, imago florentis
Nunc etiam prædæ mala sors : quam victor U Asiæ ; nunc etiam mala sors
lysses [partu prædæ : quam victor Ulysses
Esse suam nollet, nisi quòd tamen Hectora pollet esse suam, nisi quòd
Hectora par
Edideras. Dominum matri vix repperit Hector. tamen edideras
tu. Hector vix repperit do
Quæ corpus complexa animæ tam fortis inane, minum matri. Quæ complexa
Quas toties patriæ dederat, natisque, viroque, inane corpus tam fortis animæ,
Huic quoque dat lacrymas ; lacrymas in vul- dat lacrymasnatisque,quas toties dede
rat patriæ, viroque,
nera fundit, [git : quoque huic ; fundit lacrymas
: Osculaque ore legit : consuetaque pectora plan- in vulnera, que legit oscula
Canitiemque suam concreto in sanguine verrens, ore: que plangit consueta pec
tora : que verrens suam cani
Plura quidem, sed et hæc, laniato pectore dixit : tiem
in concreto sanguine,
Nata tuæ (quid enim superest ?) dolor ultime quidem dixit plura, sed et
matri 56 hæc, laniato pectore : Nata
Nata, jaces ; videoque tuum, mea vulnera, vulnus. ultime dolor matri, (enim quid
superest?) nata, jaces
tuum vulnus, video
mea: vulne
En, ne perdiderim quenquam sinè cæde meorum, que
Tu quoque vulnus habes. At te, quia fœmina, ra. En ne perdiderim quen
rebar quam meorum sinè cæde, tu
A ferro tutam : cecidisti et fœmina ferro. 60 quoque habes vulnus. At re
J bar te tutam, quia fœmina, à
Totque tuos idem fratres, te perdidit idem, ferro: fœmina cecidisti fer
et
Exitium Trojæ nostrique orbator, Achilles. ro. Idem Achilles exitium
At postquam cecidit Paridis Phœbique sagittis ; Troja que orbator nostri, per
Nunc certè, dixi, non est metuendus Achilles. didit tot tuos fratres, idem
Tunc quoque mî metuendus erat. Cinis ipse perdidit te. At postquam ce
cidit sagittis Paridis Phobi
sepulti [hostem : que ; nunc certè, dixi Achilles
In genus hoc sævit : tumulo quoque sensimus non est metuendus. Tunc quo
Eacidæ fœcunda fui. Jacet Ilion ingens : que erat metuendus mî. Ipse
cinis sepulti sævit in hoc ge 1
Eventuque gravi finita est publica clades. nus ; quoque sensimus hostem
Si finita tamen. Soli mihi Pergama restant : 69 tumulo : fui fœcunda Æaci
In cursuque meus dolor est. Modò maxima da. Ingens Ilion jacet : que
publica clades est finita gravi
21 rerum, eventu. Si finita tamen. Per
gama restant mihi soli : que meus dolor est in cursu . Modò maxima rerum,
NOTES.

45. Teque gemunt, &c. ] An apostrophe 60. Paridis Phœbique sagittis. ] Achilles
to Polyxena and Hecuba, who a little be was slain by Paris, Apollo guiding the ar
fore was called queen of Asia. row.
47. Prædæ mala sors.] An unhappy lot of 66. In genus hoc.] Against this race of
• plunder. ours .
48. Nisi, &c. ] This is the reason which Tumulo. Being in his tomb.
moved Ulysses to accept of Hecuba. 67. Eacida.] For Achilles I have brought
49. Dominum.] The poet elegantly sets forth so many children.
forth the lamentable condition of Hecuba ; as 68. Eventuque gravi.] By a destructive
if he had said : " Illa magni Hectoris mater end.
adeo abjecta est, ut vix inveniatur dominus 69. Soli mihi, &c.] The sense is : that
cui serviat." Troy is demolished to others that are dead ;
50. Animæ tam fortis inane.] Stripped of a but it is standing to me alone ; i. e. the ene
soul so brave. my raged against her, as if Troy was stand
53. Consuetaque.] Accustomed to be beat ing, and the war not ended.
en and smitten, by reason of the slaughter of 70. In cursuque, &c.] My sorrow still con
her son. -Plangit. ] She beats. tinues ; for it is not ended.
54. Canitiemque suam, &c.] And trailed Modò maxima, &c.] Hecuba mournfully
her grey hairs in clotted blood. commemorates, from what a pitch of felicity
57. Mea vulnera.] The wounds are mine. she was fallen into the deepest misery.
Qqq "
482 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIII.

potens natis que generis, nu- Totgeneris, natisque potens, nuribusque viroque
ribusque, viroque, nunc exul Nunc trahor exul, inops, tumulis avulsa meorum,
trahor, inops, avulsa tumulis Penelope munus. Quæ me data pensa trahentem
meorum,
Quæ ostendensmunus Penelope. Matribus ostendens Itharis, Hæc Hectoris illa est
me trahentem
data pensa Ithacis matribus, Clara parens : hæc est, dicet, Priameïa conjux.
dicet : Hæc est illa clara pa- Postque tot amissos tu nunc, quæ sola levabas
rens Hectoris : hæc est Pri- Maternos luctus, hostilia busta piâsti. 77
ameïa conjux. Que tu, quæ
sola levabas maternos luctus Inferias hosti peperi. Quò ferrea resto? [ nectus?
post tot amissos, nunc piâsti Quidve moror ? Quò me servas, a damnosa se
hostilia busta. Peperi infe- Quid, Dî crudeles, nisi quò nova funera cernam,
rias hosti. Quò ferrea resto?
Quidve moror? damnosa se Vivacem differtis anum? Quis posse putaret 81
nectus quò servas me? quid, Felicem Priamum post diruta Pergama dici ?
crudeles Dî, differtis vivacem Felix morte suâ ; nec te, mea nata, peremptam
anum, nisi
funera? quòputaret
Quis cernam Pria
nova Aspicit
; et vitam pariter regnumque reliquit.
mum posse dici felicem post At (puto) funeribus dotabere, regia virgo ; 85
Pergama diruta ? Felix suâ Condeturque tuum monumentis corpus avitis.
morte, nec aspicit te, mea na- Non hæc est fortuna domûs. Tibi munera matris
ta, peremptam
riter vitamque; regnum.
et reliquit pa
At Contingent fletus, peregrinæque haustus arenæ.
(puto) regia virgo, dotabere Omnia perdidimus. Superest, cur vivere tempus
funeribus ; que tuum corpus In breve sustineam, proles gratissima matri, 90
condetur
Hæc non avitis monumentis.
est fortuna domûs. Nunc solus, quondam minimus de stirpe virili,
Fletus matris contingent mu Has datus Ismario regi Polydorus in oras.
nera tibi, que haustus peregri Quid moror interea crudelia vulnera lymphis
næ arenæ.
nia. Proles Perdidimus
gratissima
om- Abluere, et sparsos immiti sanguine vultus ?
matri Dixit : et ad littus passu processit anili,
neam vivere 95
superest, cur susti
in breve tempus, Polydorus Albentes laniata comas. Date, Troades, urnam,
nunc solus, quondam mini- Dixerat infelix, liquidas hauriret ut undas :
mus de virili stirpe, datus Is- Aspicit ejectum Polydori in littore corpus,
mario regi in has oras. Inte
rea quid moror abluere crude- Factaque Threïciis ingentia vulnera telis.
lia vulnera lymphis, et vultus Troades exclamant : obmutuit illa dolore ; 100
sparsos immiti sanguine?
it : et processit anili Et pariter vocem, lacrymasque introrsus obortas
ad littus Dix-
passu, et laniata albentes comas. Et ut infelix hauriret liquidas undas, dixerat, Troades,
date urnam : aspicit corpus Polydori ejectum in littore, que vulnera ingentia facta Threiciis
telis. Troades exclamant : illa obmutuit dolore ; et dolor ipse devorat pariter et vocem, la
crymasque obortas introrsus :

NOTES.

71. Tot.] Hecuba is recorded to have
borne twelve sons and seven daughters to
Priam, who had fifty children in all.
73. Penelope.] To the wife of Ulysses.
76. Tu ] Polyxena.
77. Hostilia busta piâsti.] Thou art sa
crificed to appease the manes of the enemy.
An apostrophe to Polyxena, full of commi
seration .
78. Quò, &c.] To what end do I, cruel to
myself, still live ?
79. Moror. ] Do I delay.
81. Vivacem anum.] Long-lived, wretched
old woman.- Differtis.] Do yoù prolong.
85. Nec te. ] Hecuba gives this reason,
why Priam is numbered among the happy.
85. Funeribus dotabere. ] Thou shalt be
adorned with the honours of a funeral. This
is an irony full of grief, .by, which Hecuba
intimates, that Polyxena should not have the
honour of a funeral.
89. Superest.] Of so many sons that I had
there is none left but Polydore, that was
committed to the care of Polymestor. But
Hecuba was mistaken, for he was now slain
by that Polymestor.
92. Datus.] Sent, committed to the care
of.
Ismario.] To Polymestor, king of Thrace.
Ismarus is a mountain of Thrace.
94 Sparsos.] Sprinkled, stained, smeared,
The ancients used to wash the dead bodies.
100 Illa.] Hecuba.
101. Introrsus.] Springing inwardly.
I
FAB . V. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 483

Devorat ipse dolor : duroque simillima saxo que torpet simillima duro
Er saxo : modò figit lumina ad
Torpet ; adversâ figit modò lumina terrâ ; versâ terrâ ; interdum sustolli
Interdum torvos sustollit ad æthera vultus ; 104 torvos vultus ad æthera : nunc
Nunc positi spectat vultum, nunc vulnera nati ; spectat vultum, nunc vulnere
X Vulnera præcipuè ; seque armat et instruit irâ. positi nati ; præcipuè vulnera ;
que armat, et instruit se irâ.
Quâ simul exarsit, tanquam regina maneret, Quâ simul exarsit, tanquam
78 Ulcisci statuit ; pœnæque in imagine tota est. maneret regina, statuit ulcis
Utque furit catulo lactente orbata leæna ; ci ; que est tota in imagine
poena . Utque
catulo,leæna,
Signaque nacta pedum sequitur, quem non videt lactente furit ;orbata
que
hostem ; 110 nacta signa pedum sequitur
Sic Hecube, postquam cum luctu miscuit iram, hostem, quem non videt. Sic
Non oblita animorum, annorum oblita suorum , Hecube, postquam miscuit i
ram cum luctu, non oblita
Vadit ad artificem diræ Polymestora cædis : animorum, oblita suorum an
Colloquiumque petit. Nam se monstrare relictum norum, vadit ad Polymestora
Velle latens illi, quod nato redderet, aurum. 115 artificem diræ cædis : que pe
Credidit Odrysius : prædæque a assuetus amori tit colloquium. Nam se velle
monstrare illi latens relictum
In secreta venit. Cum blando callidus ore, aurum, quod redderet nato.
Tolle moras, Hecube, dixit : da munera nato. Odrysius credidit : que assu
Omne fore illius quod das, quod et antè dedisti, etus amori prædæ, venit in
secreta. Callidus cum blan
Per superos juro. Spectat truculenta loquentem, do ore, dixit, Hecube tolle
$ Falsaquejurantem : tumidâque exæstuat irâ. 121 moras da munera nato. Ju
Atque ità correptum captivarum agmine ma ro per Superos, omne fore il
trum lius quod das, et quod antè
dedisti. Truculenta spectat
" Involat, et digitos in perfida lumina condit, loquentem. que jurantem fal
案
Exspoliatque genas oculis (facit ira potentem) sa : que exæstuat tumidà irâ.
Immergitque manus : fœdataque sanguine c sonti Atque ità involat correptum
Non lumen, neque enim superest, loca luminis agmine captivarum matrum,
15 haurit. et condit digitos in perfida
126 lumina , exspoliatque genas o
Clade sui Thracum gens irritata tyranni culis (ira facit potentem) im
Troada telorum lapidumque incessere jactu mergitque manus : que foedata
sanguine sonti haurit loca lu
minis, non lumen, enim neque
superest. Gens Thracum, irritata clade sui tyranni, cœpit incessere Troada jactu telorum
pidumque. a allectus amore. b correpto. c sontis.

NOTES.

102. Devorat. Consumes. the Odryse were a people of Thrace, and

103. Modò. ] Sometimes.- Terrâ. ] On
Troas, where Troy was situated, over against
Thrace.
104. Torvos. ] Stern with grief.
105. Positi ] Lying along.
106. Tanquam regina maneret. ] As though
she was still a queen.
108. Pœnæque in imagine.] In devising a
punishment which she might inflict on Poly
mestor.
109 Furit. ] Rages ; the Poet shows by
this simile, what anger and indignation
J Hecuba conceived against Polymestor, who
had taken her son to bring him up, but had
murdered him.
112 Animorum.] Her greatness of spirit.
114. Se, &c.] sc. Ait.
115. Latens.] Hidden.
116. Odrysius ] Thracian Polymestor ; for
Odrysa was their city.
120. Truculenta.] Being angry, she looked
with a stern countenance.
121. Tumidâque irâ.] With swelling rage..
122. Correptum . ] Polymestor being seiz
ed.
123. Involat.] Among the ancients, ex
amples are not wanting of the verb involo
with an accusative case. Lucan. Lib. VI.
" Quos Cæsaris involet artus."
124. Exspoliatque. ] The verb exspolio is
used by Quadrigarius : " qui Agrum Cam
panum exspoliabatur dixit."
125. Sanguine.] With the blood of Poly
mestor.
126. Lumen. ] The eyes -Superest.] Is
left, remains. Haurit.] She tears out.
128. Troada ] Trojan Hecuba.
Incessere.] Set upon, attacked, ~
484 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIII.

At hæc insequitur saxummis- Cœpit. At hæc missum rauco cum murmure

sum morsibus cum rauco mur saxum 129
mure que latravit rictu pa
rato in verba, conata loqui : Morsibus insequitur : rictuque in verba parato
locus exstat, et habet nomen Latravit conata loqui : locus exstat, et ex re[rum,
ex re : que illa diu memor ve- Nomen habet : veterumque diu memorilla malo
quoque Tum quoque Sithonios ululavit mosta per agros.
mosta, malorum,
terum tumSithonios
ululavit per
agros. Fortuna illius moverat Illius, Troasque suos, hostesque Pelasgos, 134
Troas suos que hostes Pelas- Illius Fortuna Deos quoque moverat omnes :
gos, illiusfortuna omnes Deos Sic omnes ut et ipsa Jovis conjuxque sororque
quoque sic moverat omnes,
ut ipsa conjux sororque Jovis Eventus Hecubam meruisse negaverit illos.
negaverit Hecubam meruisse Non vacat Aurora ; quanquam îsdem faverat
illes eventus. Non vacat Au armis, 138
faverat îs
dem armis, moveri cladibus Cladibus et casu Trojæque Hecubæque moveri.
et casu Trojæque Hecubaeque. Cura Deam propior, luctusque domesticus angit
Propior cura, que domesticus Memnonis amissi : Phrygiis quem lutea campis
luctus amissi Memnonis angit Vidit Achilleâ pereuntem cuspide mater.
Deam : quem lutea mater vi
dit pereuntem Achilleâ cus- Vidit : et ille color, quo matutina rubescunt
pide Phrygiis campis. Vidit ; Tempora, palluerat : latuitque in nubibus æther.
et ille color, quo matutina At non impositos supremis ignibus artus 145
tempora rubescunt, palluerat : Sustinuit spectare parens : sed crine soluto,
que æther latuit in nubibus.
At parens non sustinuit spec- Sicut erat, magni genibus procumbere non est
tare artus impositos supremis Dedignata Jovis, lacrymisque has addere voces :
ignibus ; sed sicut erat, solu- Omnibus inferior, quas sustinet aureus æther,
to crine, non est dedignata (Nam mihi sunt totum rarissima templa per
procumbere genibus magni
Jovis, que addere has voces orbem) 150
lacrymis ; Inferior omnibus, Diva tamen venio ; non ut delubra, diesque
quas aureus æther sustinet Des mihi sacrificos , caliturasque ignibus aras.
(nam rarissima templa sunt
mihi per totum orbem) tamen Sitamen aspicias, quantumtibi fœmina præstem,
venio Diva : non ut des delu- Tum cùm luce novâ noctis confinia servo ; [est
bra, que sacrificos , dies, que Præmia danda putes. Sed non ea cura : neque hic
aras calituras ignibus. Tamen Nunc status Auroræ, meritos ut poscat honores.
si aspicias, quantum fœmina
præstem tibi, tum cùm servo Memnonis orba mei venio : qui fortia frustrà
confinia noctis nova luce :
putes præmia danda. Sed non ea cura ; neque hic est nunc status Auroræ, ut poscat meri
Dos honores. Venio orba mei Memnonis : qui tulit fortia arma frustrà

NOTES.
129. Hæc.] Hecuba.
Rauco murmure.] With the snarling voice
of a dog ; she was now turned into a bitch.
131.Ex re. ] For it was called xuvós
oua, i. e. the sepulchre of a dog.
133. Sithonios. ] Thracian, for Sithonia is
part of Thrace.
1 136. Jovis conjuxque sororque.] Juno,
that was so violent an enemy to the Trojans.
138. Aurora.] The wife of Tithonus, and
mother of Memnon.- Quanquam.] Because
of her husband Tithonus, who was the son of
Laomedon, and brother of Priam.
141. Lutea mater.] Aurora, the mother
of Memnon, who was of a golden, ruddy
colour.
146, Non sustinuit.] Could not bear.
Parens.] Because she was his mother.
149. Omnibus inferior.] Inferior to all.
150. Nam mihi, &c.] This is the reason
that Aurora is the lowest of all the God
desses.
151. Diesque sacrificos.] Festivals, or ho
ly days.
152. Ignibus. ] With sacrifices.
153. Si tamen aspicias.] If you consider.
Quantum, &c ] How serviceable I can
be to you, although I am but a woman.
154. Noctis confinia servo.] I keep watch,
that night does not exceed its bounds ; for
unless Aurora was watchful, it would be
continually night.
157. Frustrà.] Because he was slain, and
Troy was taken,
FAB. VI, METAMORPHOSEΩN . 485

Pro patruo tulit arma suo: primisque sub annis pro suo patruo ; que occidit
à forti Achille sub primis an
Occidit à forti (sic vos voluistis) Achille. 159 nis ( Sic vos voluistis) Summe
Da, precor, huic aliquem, solatia mortis, honorem, rector Deum, precor, da huic
Summe Deum rector : maternaque vulnera leni. aliquem honorem solatia mor
Jupiter annuerat : cùm Memnonis arduus alto tis ; que leni materna vulnera.
Jupiter annuerat ; cùm ar
Corruit igne rogus : nigrique volumina fumi du s rogus Memnonis corruit
Infecêre diem. Veluti cùm flumina natas 164 alto igne : que volumina ni
Exhalant nebulas, nec Sol admittitur infrá. gri fumi infecêre diem. Ve
Atra favilla volat : glomerataque corpus in unum luti cùm flumina exhalant
Densatur ; a faciemque capit : sumitque calorem natas nebulas, nec Sol admit
titur infrà. Atra favilla vo
Atque animam ex igni. Levitas sua præbuit alas. lat : glomerataque in unum
Et primò similis volucri, mox verè volucris corpus densatur ; que capit
Insonuit pennis. Pariter sonuêre sorores 170 faciem : sumitque calorem,
atque animam ex igni. Sua
Innumera ; quibus est eadem natalis origo. levitas præbuit alas. Et pri
Terque rogum lustrant : et consonus exit in auras mò similis volucri, mox verè
Ter clangor. Quarto b seducunt castra volatu. volucris insonuit pennis. In
Tunc duo diversâ populi de parte feroces 174 numera sorores sonuêre pari
Bella gerunt : rostrisque, et aduncis unguibus iras ter ; quibus est eadem natalis
origo. Que lustrant rogum
Exercent ; alasque adversaque pectora lassant. ter ; et ter consonus clangor
exit in auras. Seducunt cas
Inferiæque cadunt cineri cognata sepulto tra quarto volatu. Tunc duo
Corpora : seque viro forti meminêre creatas. feroces populi gerunt bella
Præpetibus subitis nomen facit auctor : ab illo de diversâ parte que exer
Memnonides dictæ, cùm Sol duodena peregit cent iras rostris et aduncis
Signa, parentali perituræ Marte rebellant. 181 unguibu s : que lassant alas
adversaque pectora. Que
Ergo aliis latrâsse Dymantida flebile visum ; eognata corpora cadunt infe
Luctibus est Aurora suis intenta : piasque [be. ria cineri sepulto : que me
Nunc quoque dat lacrymas : et toto rorat in or minêre se creatas forti viro.
Auctor fecit nomen subitis
præpetibus ; dictæ Memnonides ab illo, cùm Sol peregit sua Signa, rebellant perituræ pa
rentali Marte. Ergo visum aliis flebile Dymantida latrâsse ; Aurora est intenta suis
luctibus ; que nunc quoque dat pius lacrymas : et rorat in toto orbe .
a Densetur. b secedunt, c ab ore.

NOTES.

158. Patruo.] For Priam, who was Ti
thonus's brother.
159. A forti.] sc. Interfectus, percussus.
161. Maternaque vulnera leni.] And mi
tigate a mother's grief.
163. Volumini fumi. ] The rolling smoke.
164. Infêcere.] Obscured, tinged with
black.
Diem.] The light of the day.
166. Glomerataque.] Rolled in a globular
form.
167. Faciemque. ] It assumes a shape.
168. Animam.] Life.- -Levitas.] The
lightness peculiar to ashes gives wings.
170. Quibus. ] For they all had their ori
ginal from ashes.
172. Lustrant. ] They fly round about.
173. Seducunt castra.] They separate,
and divide their army into two parts.
174. Diverså.] From contrary parties.
177. Cognata.] Born together at the
same time, or kindred.
179. Præpetibus subitis.] Birds produced
on a sudden.- Auctor.] Memnon was their
origin, and they were called Memnonides
from him.
180. Cùm Sol duodena, &c.] Annually,
when the sun had run his yearly course
through the twelve signs.
181. Perituræ. ] He alludes to the per
formances of the gladiators, that were exhi
bited at the funerals of great men.
Rebellant.] They renew the war again.
182. Dymantida.] Hecuba, the daughter
of Dymas.
184. Toto rorat in orbe. ] Sprinkles her
tears, turned into dew, all over the world:
 486 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIII.

EXP. FAB. IV. V. ET VI. In this Fable Ovid relates the different adven
tures that happened after the Siege of Troy. His account of the misfor
tunes that attended Priam and his family, agrees with history, except in a
few circumstances. The city was sacked by the Greeks, and Priam was
murdered on the very altar he fled to from the fury of Neoptolemus : As
tyanax, Hector's son, and the only hope of the Trojans, was thrown from
a tower ; Polyxena was sacrificed to the shade of Achilles ; Hecuba was
torn from the tombs of her children, and insulted on the shores of Thrace.

FAB. VII. VIII. IX . ET X. ANII FILIE IN COLUMBAS. ORIONIS FILIÆ IN

CORONAS. AMBRACIUS IN SAXUM . MOLOSSI FILII IN AVES.

After the taking of Troy, Æneas escapes with his family, and goes to De
los . Anius, the Priest of Apollo, acquaints him that his Daughters
were transformed into Pigeons. They make one another presents at
parting. Ovid here introduces the fable of Orion's daughters, who hav
ing sacrificed their lives to the safety of Thebes, which was ravaged by
a Plague, two young Men rose out of their ashes.

Tamen nec Fata sinunt EC tamen eversam Troja cum mœnibus

spem Troja esse eversam
cum moenibus. Cythereïus esse [patrem
heros fert sacra, et altera sa- Spem quoque Fata sinunt. Sacra, sacra altera 1
cra, patrem, humeris, vener- Fert humeris venerabile onus Cythereius heros.
abile onus. Pius elegit illam De tantis opibus prædam pius eligit illam ; 4
prædam de tantis opibus ; Ascaniumque suum : profugâque per æquora
que suum Ascanium : que
fertur per æquora profugâ classe (cum,
classe ab Antandro : que lin- Fertur ab Antandro : sceleratque limina Thra
quit scelerata limina Thra- Eta Polydoreo manantem sanguine terram ,
cum, et terram manantem
Polydorco sanguine : et in- Linquit : et utilibus ventis æstuque secundo
trat Apollineam urbem, utili- Intrat Apollineam , sociis comitantibus, urbem. 9
bus ventis et secundo æstu, Hunc Anius, quo rege homines, antistite Phoebus
sociis comitantibus. Anius Ritè colebantur, temploque domoque recepit :
recepit hunc temploque do
moque, quo rege homines, Urbemque ostendit, delubraque vota, duasque
quo antistite Phoebus ritè co- Latonâ quondam stirpes pariente retentas.
lebantur : que ostendit ur- Thure dato flammis, vinoque in thura profuso,
bem delubraque vota, que
duas stirpes quondam retentas Latonâ pariente. Thure dato flammis, vinoque profuso in
thura, a Et Polydore tuo, &c.
NOTES
1. Nec, &c.] It was not determined by 6. Antandro.] Antandrus was a city at
the Fates, that when Troy was demolished, the foot of Ida, so called from mount An
all their hopes should end. For the Trojan tander.
race under the conduct of Æneas, carried the 8. Linquit.] Although he had already
gods to Latium. built the city Encum there, as Virgil relates,
2. Sacra.] Of the goddess Vesta. It was Eneid III.
customary with the Romans, when they 9. Urbem.] A city in the isle of Delos,
were to begin any difficult enterprise, to where Anius reigned .
make supplications to her, and to court her 10. Hunc. ] Eneas.
favour, that she might be propitious to their Homines.] sc. Utebantur. For he was
undertaking - Sacra altera.] His father An Rex Hominum Phobique sacerdos. Virg.
chises ; for it is not less pious to be assisting 12. Delubraque vota.] Vowed temples.
to a parent, than to the deities themselves. Duasque. ] Two trees, which Latona clasp
3. Cithereïus heros.] Æneas, the son of ed in her labour, when she brought forth
Venus, who was called Cytherea. Apollo and Diana.
4. Prædam, &c.] Only the holy things, 14. Thure dato.] The sacrifices being
and his father. over.
FAB. VII. METAMORPHOSEON . 487

Casorumque boum fibris de more crematis, 15 que fibris casorum boum cre
matis de more, petunt regia
Regia tecta petunt ; positique tapetibus altis tecta positique altis tapeti
Munera cum liquido capiunt Cerealia Baccho. bus capiunt Cerealia munera
Tum pius Anchises : O Phoebi lecte sacerdos, cum liquido Baccho, Tum
Fallor ? an et natum, cùm primùm hæc moenia pius Anchises : Oleote sacer
dos Phoebi, fallor ? an cùm
vidi, 19
primùm vidi hæc monia,
Bisque duas natas, quantùm reminiscor, habebas ? quantùm reminiscor, habebat
Huic Anius, niveis circumdata tempora vittis et natum, et bis duas natas ?
Concutiens, et tristis, ait : Non falleris, heros Anius concutiens tempora
circumdata niveis vittis, et
Maxime : natorum vidisti quinque parentem , tristis, ait huic : Maxime he
Quem nunc (tanta homines rerum inconstan- ros, non falleris : vidisti me
tia versat) parentem quinque natorum,
Penèvides orbum. Quid enim mihi filius absens quem nunc vides penè or
bum. (Tanta inconstantia re
Auxilii ? quem dicta suo de nomine tellus rum versat homines.) Enim
Andros habet, pro patre locumque et regna te- quid filius absens auxilii mihi ?
nentem . quem tellus Andros habet,
Delius augurium dedit huic : dedit altera Liber dicta de suo nomine, tenen
tem locumque et regna pro
Fœmineæ sorti voto majora fideque 29 patre. Delius dedit augurium
Munera : Nam tactu natarum cuncta mearum huic : Liber dedit altera mu
nera fœmineæ sorti, majora
In segetem, laticemque meri, baccamque Mi voto fidcque : nam cuncta
nervæ tactu mearum natarum trans
Transformabantur : divesque erat usus in illis. formabantur in segetem, la
Hoc ubi cognovit Troja populator Atrides, ticemque meri, baccamque
Minerva que erat dives usus
(Ne non ex aliquâ vestram sensisse procellam in illis. Ubi Atrides, depo
Nos quoque parte putes) armorum viribus usus pulator Troja, cognovit hoc,
Abstrahit invitas gremio genitoris ; alantque 36 (ne putes nos non sensisse
vestram procellam ex aliquâ
Imperat Argolicam cœlesti munere classem. parte) usus viribus armorum
Effugiunt quæque potest, Euboea duabus, abstrahit invitas gremio geni
Et totidem natis Andros fraterna a petita est. toris que imperat alant Ar
Miles adest : et, ni dedantur, bella minatur. 40 golicam classem cœlesti mu
nere. Effugiunt quò quæque
Victa metu pietas consortia pectora pœnæ potest, Euboea est petita dua
bus, et fraterna Andros toti
dem natis. Miles adest : et minatur bella, ni dedantur. Pietas dedit consortia pectora
victa metu pœnæ : a potita est.

NOTES.

16. Positique tapetibus.] Reclined on
couches.
18. Anchises. ] sc. inquit.
19. Cùm primum. ] When first.
20. Bisque, &c. ] Anius had four daugh
ters, to whom Bacchus granted, that what
soever they touched should be turned into
bread, corn, wine, and oil. Agamemnon
would by force have carried them along
} with him to the Trojan war, to supply the
army with provisions ; but Bacchus trans
formed them into pigeons.
24. Inconstantia rerum.] The instability
offortune.
25. Penè orbum.] In a manner without
children -Quid enim, &c.] My son although
he be alive, being absent, is no help to me.
27. Andros.] The island is so called from
his son Andrus. 1
28. Delius ] Apollo.-Augurium.] Skill
in augury.—Huic ] To Andrus,
29. Fœmineæsorti, &c. ] To my female issue.
31. Laticem meri ] Wine.
Baccamque Minervæ .] Oil, For Pallas
was the first that pressed oil out of the
olive. Hence called Bacca Minervæ
32. Divesque usus, &c.] Were profitable
gifts.
33. Trojæ, &c.] Agamemnon, the plun
derer or destroyer of Troy.
38. Euboea.] A long island lying near
Boeotia, now called Negropont.
40. Miles adest.] The Greek soldiers
came thither.
488 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIIL

et ut possis ignoscere timido Dedit : et ut timido possis ignoscere fratri ;

fratri : Æneas non erat hic. Non hic Æneas, non, qui defenderet Andron,
non Hector qui defenderet
Andron : per quos durâstis in Hector erat : per quos decimum durâstis in
decimum annum . Jamque annum .
vincla
⚫ertis. parabantur captivis
Illæ tollentes la- Jamque parabantur captivis vincla lacertis.
etiam
num libera brachia cœlo, dix Illæ tollentes etiamnum libera cœlo [litque
êre, Pater Bacche, fer opem : Brachia, Bacche pater, fer opem, dixêre : tu
que auctor muneris tulit o- Muneris auctor opem, si miro perdere more
pem, si perdere miro more Ferre vocatur opem. Nec quà ratione figuram
vocatur ferre opem. Nec po- Perdiderint , potui scire, aut nunc dicere possim.
tui scire, aut nunc possim
dicere, quâ ratione perdide- Summa mali nota est. Pennas sumsêre : tuæque
rint figuram . Summa mali Conjugis in a volucrem, niveas abiêre columbas.
est nota. Sumsêre pennas ; Talibus atque aliis postquam convivia dictis 53
que abiêre in nivèas colum- Implerunt : mensâ somnum petiêre remotâ,
bas, volucrem tuæ conjugis.
Postquam implèrunt convivia Cumque die surgunt : adeuntque oracula Phœbi.
talibus et aliis dictis, petiêre Qui petere antiquam matrem ; cognataque jussit
somnum mensâ remotâ, que Littora. Prosequitur Rex, et dat munus ituris ;
surgunt cum die : adeuntque Anchise sceptrum, chlamydem . pharetramque
⚫racul a Phobi, Quijussit pe
tere antiquam matrem, cog nepoti,
nataque littora. Rex prose- Cratera Æneæ ; quem quondam miserat illi
quitur, et dat munus ituris : Hospes ab Aoniis Therses Ismenius oris. 60
sceptrum Anchisa, chlamy: Miserat hunc illi Therses, fabricaverat Alcon
dem pharetramque nepoti,
eratera Æneæ ; quem Istne Myleus : et longo cœlaverat argumento.
nius Therses hospes quondam Urbs erat : et septem posses ostendere portas.
miserat illi Aoniis oris. Ther- Hæ pro nomine erant : et, quæ foret illa, doce
ses miserat hunc illi. Alcon
bant.
Myleus fabricaverat ; et cæla [gique
verat longo argumento. Urbs Ante urbem exequiæ, tumulique, ignesque, ro
erat : et posses ostendere sep- Effusæque comas et apertæ pectora matres [tur :
tem portas. Hæ erant pro Significant luctum. Nymphæ quoque flere viden.
nomine; et docebant quæ illa Siccatosque queri fontes. Sinè frondibus arbos
foret. Ante urbem exequiæ,
tumulique, ignesque, rogique Nuda riget : rodunt arentia saxa capellæ.
que matres effusæ comas et Ecce facit mediis natas Orione Thebis, ko
apertæ pectora significant
luctum. Nymphæ quoque
videntur flere ; que queri fontes siccatos. Arbos nuda riget sinè frondibus ; capellæ rodunt
arentia saxa. Ecce facit mediis Thebis natas Orione, a volucres.

NOTES.
41. Pietas. ] Fraternal affection of their
brother Andrus.
44. Per quos, &c. ] By whose valour .
45. Captivis lacertis.] For the arms ofthe
the captives.
48. Miro more ] After a wonderful man
ner.-Perdere. ] To destroy.
49. Ferre.] If the miraculous destruction
of their human form can be called a proof
of his assistance.
51. Tuæque conjugis.] Of Venus, with
whose alliance you have been honoured.
For doves are the birds devoted to Venus.
52. Abiêre.] Were transformed.
56. Antiquam matrem. Italy from
whence Dardanus, the founder of the Tro
jan nation, came into Phrygia.
57. Rex. ] Anius.
58. Nepoti.] To Ascanius.
60. Ismenius. ] Theban, from Ismenus, a
- -Ab Aoniis oris. ] Bœo
river of Boeotia.-
tia, of which Aonia is a part.
62. Myleus.] Myla is a city of Sicily;
hence Myleus is put for a Sicilian.
Longo argumento.] A long history.
63. Urbs. ] On that cup or bowl was en
graven the city of Thebes.
64. Hæ pro nomine, &c.] For the seven
gates shew it was Boeotian Thebes. For
Thebes in Boeotia is said to have had seven 1
gates.
66. Effusæ comas, &c.] With dishevelled
hair, and bosoms uncovered.
60. Rodunt.] Gnaw. For all the herbs
were withered.
70. Orione natas.] The daughters ofOrion.
FAB. X. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 489

Hanc non fœmineum jugulo dare pectus aperto, hanc dare non fœmineum pec
Illam dimisso per a fortia vulnera telo tus aperto jugulo, illam telo
dimisso per fortia vulnera ce
Pro populo cecidisse suo ; pulchrisque per urbem cidisse pro suo populo ; que
Funeribus ferri, celebrique in parte cremari : ferri pulchris funeribus per
Tum de virgineâ geminos exire favillâ, 75 urbem, que cremari in celebri
Ne genus intereat, juvenes, quos fama Coronas parte : tum geminos juvenes
exire de virgineà favillâ, ne
Nominat, et cineri materno ducere pompam. genus intereat, quos fama no
Hactenus antiquo signis fulgentibus ære, food minat Coronas, et ducere pom
Summus in aurato crater erat asper acantho. pam materno cineri. Hacte
nus signis fulgentibus antiquo
Nec leviora datis Trojani dona remittunt : 80 ære summus crater erat asper
Dantque sacerdoti custodem thuris acerram ; in aurato acantho. Nec Tro
Dantpateram, claramque auro gemmisquecoro jani remittunt dona leviora da
Indè recordati Teucros à sanguine Teucri [ nam. tis : que dant acerram custo
dem thuris sacerdoti ; dant pa
Ducere principium, Creten tenuêre ; locique teram, que coronam claram
Ferre diu nequiêre Jovem. Centumque relictis auro gemmisque. Indè recor
dati Teucros ducere principi
Urbibus, Ausonios optant contingere portus.
um à sanguine Teucri, tenuêre
Sævit hyems, jactatque viros ; Strophadunique Creten ; que nequiêre ferre
Portubus infidis exterruit ales Aêllo. [ receptos diu Jovem loci. Centumque
Et jam Dulichios portus, Ithacamque, Samenque, urbibus relictis, optant contin
Neritiasque domos, regnum fallacis Ulyssei, 90 gere Ausonios portus. Hy
ems sævit jactatque viros :
Præter erant vecti : certatam lite Deorum que ales Aëllo exterruit recep
Ambraciam, versique vident sub imagine saxumtos infidis portubus Stropha
dum . Et jam erant vecti
Judicis, Actiaco quæ nunc ab Apolline nota est,
præter Dulichios portus, Itha
Vocalemque suâ terram Dodonida quercu, camque, Samenque, Neritias
que domos, regnum fallacis
Ulyssei : que vident Ambraciam certatam lite Deorum, que saxum sub imagine versi judi
cis, quæ nunc nota est ab Actiaco Apolline, que Dodonida terram vocalem suâ quercu,
a inertia. b properant.

NOTES.

71. Non fœmineum.] Not cowardly, like 87. Strophadumque.] The Strophades are
women ; but with a manly boldness : for two islands inthe Ionian sea near Zacynthus,
they, with great constancy of mind, suffered so called of Ts olpops, i. e. from the re
themselves to be sacrificed, to appease the turning of Zetes and Calais ; who, having
anger of the gods. followed the Harpies so far, returned back.
78. Hactenus.] The representations that 88. Aëllo. ] One of the Harpies ; there
have been mentioned were engraven in an were three of them, supposed to be the
cient pieces of brass. But the brims of this daughters of Neptune and Terra, viz . Aëllo,
cup had a golden border representing the Ocypete, and Celano.
herb Acanthus (Bear's-foot.) The greatest 89. Dulichios portus.] Dulichium, Ithaca,
honour was conferred on the leaves of this and Samos, are islands in the Ionian sea,
plant by Callimachus, the architect, who which Ulysses governed.
adorned the capitals of those pillars with 90. Neritiasque.] Neritus is a mountain
them, which by him were called Corinthian. and city in the island of Ithaca.
Signis.] With images, figures. Ulyssei.] This is a genitive case of the noun
79. In aurato.] Because the Acanthus was Ulysseus, of the second declension.
engraven in gold. -Asper.] Embossed. 91. Certatam.] For which the gods con
80. Leviora.] Meaner, inferior. tended.
Remittunt.] Return, present again. 92. Ambraciam.] A city of Epirus, famous
81. Acerram.] A censer, in which frank for a council of the gods.
incense was offered to the Gods. 93. Actiaco.] Who was worshipped at
85. Jovem.] The air. Actium. Actium is a town and promontory
Centum. ] Having left Crete, famous for of Epirus, where Augustus overcame An
having an hundred cities. tony and Cleopatra in a sea fight.
86. Ausonios portus .] Italian ports. 94. Terram Dodonida.] The Dodongan
Rrr
490 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIII.

que Chaonios sinus : ubi nati Chaoniosque sinus : ubi nati rege Molosso 95
Molosso rege fugêre irrita in- Irrita subjectis fugêre incendia pennis.
cendia pennis subjectis.

NOTES.
Land, i. e. a grove near the city Dodona in
Chaonia, a region of Epirus, in which two
doves gave answers out of an oak. There
are some who will have it, that the trees
themselves did speak, and delivered ora
cles.
95. Chaoniosque.] The Chaones are a peo"
ple of Epirus.
Ubi. The poet intimates, that the sons
of Molossus were turned into birds. In
terpreters have observed that this Fable is
obscure.

EXP. FAB. VII. VIII. IX. & X. What is said in this Fable of the daugh
ters of Anius having the power of transforming every thing they touched,
into wine, corn, and oil, has its foundation in their great parsimony, by
which they amassed large quantities of each. But Bochart says it arose
from their being called Oeno, Spermo, and Elai, which in the old Phoeni
cian language signified wine, corn, and oil. The remarkable example of
public spirit shewn by the daughters of Orion, spirited the Thebans to
emerge from the luxury they had fallen into, and to become as famous for
their bravery, as they had been noted for effeminacy ; which occasioned it
to be said, that the ashes ofthe princesses had been transformed into men.
The contention that Apollo, Diana, and Hercules were engaged in , re
specting the city of Ambracia, now called Larta, was agreed to be left to
the determination of Cregaleus, who gave it in favour of Hercules, which
offended Apollo so much, that he transformed him into a rock, which
stood near the city. The interpretation that is given of this fable is, that
the people of Ambracia dedicated their city to Hercules, in preference to
the other deities ; that is, they were fonder of warlike exploits than of cul
tivating the arts and sciences ; and the transformation of Cregaleus into a
rock by Apollo, meant to point out his stupidity in making so absurd a
choice.
By the escape of Alcander, Megaletor, and Philæus, the three sons of
Molossus, and his daughter Hyperipe, from fire, by the wings given them
by the gods, we are to understand , that their father's palace being set on
fire by some robbers, they escaped the flames in an extraordinary manner.
We shall introduce here some account of the Dodonæan oracle, which
seems to be involved in great obscurity ; Silius Italicus says, that the flight
of two pigeons, from Thebes to Egypt and Lybia, gave rise to the remark
able oracle of Jupiter Ammon ; and that one perching upon an oak in
Chaonia, occasioned the erecting of an oracle there. Herodotus says,
they were two priestesses of the Egyptian Thebes, who were carried off by
some Phoenician merchants, one of whom settled in the forest Dodona,
where she gave responses from her chapel. They called her the Dove, as
being a foreigner, and not understanding their language ; but in time com
ing to speak it, they said the Dove spoke. These oracles have been said
to be conveyed by brass kettles, called the Cauldrons of Dodona ; in the
forest stood two pillars at a small distance from each other ; on one was
placed a brazen vessel, and on the other a figure of a little boy ( as may be
supposed) of clock-work, who held a brazen whip, from which hung several
lashes ; these, when moved by the wind, struck the vessel, and occasioned
a ringing, by which, they said, the will of the gods was conveyed. This
gave rise to the proverbial saying amongst the Greeks, of a Dodonæan
kettle, for a prating, talkative fellow,
FAB. XI, METAMORPHOSEON. 491

FAB. XI. ACIS IN FLUMEN.

Polyphemus, one of the Cyclops, jealous of Acis, who was in love with
Galatea, kills the Youth with a Rock which he throws at him, and
his blood is changed into a River, which bears his name.

PROXIMA Phæacum felicibus obsita pomis Petunt proxima rura Pha

Rura petunt, Epiros ab his, regnataque vati Epiros cum obsita felicibus pomis,
ab his, que Buthrotos
Buthrotos Phrygio, simulataque Trojatenentur . regnata Phrygio
vati, que si
Indè futurorum certi, quæ cuncta fideli mulata Troja tenentur. Indè
Priamides Helenus monitù predixerat, intrant certi futurorum, quæ cuncta
Priamides Helenus prædixe
Sicaniam.Tribus hæc excurrit inæquora linguis. rat fideli monitu, intrant Sica
E quibus imbriferos obversa Pachynos ad Austros : niam . Hæc excurrit in æquo
Mollibus expositum Zephyris Lilybæon ; at ra tribus linguis. E quibus
Arcton 6 Pachynos obversa ad imbri
Æquoris expertem spectat Boreanque Peloros . feros Austros : Lilybæon ex
positum mollibus Zephyris :
Hâc subeunt Teucri : remisque , æstuque secundo que Peloros spectat Borean
Sub noctem potitur Zanclæá classis arenâ. [dis expertem æquores. Teucri
Scylla latus dextrum, lævum irrequieta Charyb- subeunt hâc : remisque, que
secundo æstu, classis potitur
Infestant. Vorat hæc raptas revomitque carinas: Zancleâ arena sub noctem.
Illa feris a atram canibus succingitur alvum ; Scylla dextrum latus, Cha
infestant
Virginis ora gerens : et (si non omnia vates 15 rybdis irrequieta
lævum. Hæc vorat revomit
Ficta reliquerunt ) aliquo quoquetempore virgo. que raptas carinas : illa suc
Hanc multi petiêre proci : quibus illa repulsis cingitur atram alvum feris
Ad pelagi Nymphas, pelagi gratissima Nymphis , canibus : gerens ora virginis :
et (si vates non reliquerunt
omnia ficta) quoque virgo aliquo tempore. Multi proci petiere hane : quibus repulsis illa
ibat ad Nymphas pelagi, gratissima Nymphis pelagi ;
a imam.

NOTES.
1. Proxima.] The poet describes Æneas's
voyage, by which he at last came into Sicily,
where the youth Acis was turned into a river
of his own name. The Phæaces are a people
of the island Corcyra, famous for the orchards
of Alcinous.
2. Ab his. ] After this, in the next place.
Regnataque vati Phrygio.] Helenus, the
son of Priamus, to whose lot (after the death
of Pyrrhus, who was slain by Orestes) An
dromache, the wife of Hector, (taken by Pyr
rhus, and married to him in Epirus) fell,
with the kingdom of Epirus.
3. Buthrotos ] a city, not far distant from
Corcyra.
Simulataque Troja. ] Helenus had in Epi
rus built a city in the form of ancient Troy.
6. Sicaniam.] Sicily.
7. Obversa.] Is turned.
Ad Austros. ] Towards the south.
8. Mollibus. I Gentle, mild.
Lilybæon.] Is a city and promontory of
Sicily, looking towards the west, from whence
Zephyr blows.
Arcton.] To the north.
9. Peloros.] Peloros was so called of Pe
Paris,the admiral of Hannibal's navy, who
was buried there.
11. Zanclæa.] Zancle is a city of Sicily,
so called either after Zanclus the giant, or
the fountain Zancle.
12. Scylla.] There were two Scylla's ;
one the daughter of Nisus, who was turned
into a bird, and the other the daughter of
Phocus, that was turned into a sea-monster,
which is here spoken of, and which is said to
swallow those ships that sail in the Sicilian
sea. The fable took its rise from a very dan
gerous rock in the Mamertine bay, between
Italy and Sicily.
Charybdis.] The poets supposed this per
son to have been a very thievish old woman,
who having stolen Jupiter's oxen, was thrown
by him into the sea, and turned into a sea.
monster, which retains its former rapacious
nature ; for it draws to it the ships which
pass that way, swallowing them and throwing
them up again. This is a very dangerous
whirlpool in the Sicilian sea, over against
Scylla.
14. Illa.] Scylla, whose womb was en
compassed with fierce dogs, see Book XIV.
Fab. I.
492 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIII. FA

DOD
et narrabat elusos amores ju- Ibat : et elusos juvenum narrabat amores.
venum. Quam, dum Galatea Quam, dum pectendos præbet Galatea capillos,
præbet capillos pectendos,
repetens suspiria alloquitur Talibus alloquitur repetens suspiria dictis : 21
talibus dictis : Tamen ô vir- Te tamen, ô virgo, genus haud immite virorum
go, haud immite genus viro. Expetit: utque facis, potes his impune negare.
rum expetit te utque facis, At mihi, cui pater est Nereus, quam cærula
potes negare his impunè. At
mihi, cui Nereus est pater, Doris 24
quam cærula Doris enixa est ; Enixa est ; que sum turbâ quoque tuta sororum,
que sum quoque tuta turbâ Non nisi per fluctus licuit Cyclopis amorem
sororum, non licuit effugere
amorem Cyclopis nisi per Effugere : et lacrymæ vocem impediêre loquen
fluctus : et lacrymæ impediêre Quas ubi marmoreo detersit pollice virgo; [ tis.
vocem loquentis. Quas ubi Et solata Deam est ; Refer, ô carissima, dixit :
virgo detersit marmoreo pol- Neve tui causam tege (sum tibi fida) doloris. 30
lice ; etcarissima,
est solatarefer.
Deam ;Neve
dix Nereïs his contra resecuta Cratæide natam .
it, O
tege causam tui doloris ( sum Acis erat Fauno Nymphâque Symæthide cretùs,
fida tibi.) Nereïs contra rese- Magna quidem patrisque sui matrisque voluptas,
cuta natam Crataide his. A- Nostra tamen major. Nam a me sibi junxerat uni
cis erat cretus Fauno Nymph- Pulcher : et octonis iterùm natalibus actis, 35
âque Symæthide, quidem
magna voluptas sui patrisque Signârat dubia teneras lanugine malas.
matrisque, tamen nostra ma- Hunc ego, me Cyclops, nullo cum fine petebat.
jor. Nam pulcher junxerat Nec, si quæsieris odium Cyclopis amorne
me sibi uni : et octonis nata 39
libus iterûm actis, signârat Acidis in nobis fuerit præsentior, edam :
teneras malas dubiâ lanugine. Par utrimque fuit. Prò quanta potentia regni
Ego petebam hunc, Cyclops Est, Venus alma, tui ! Nempe ille immitis, et ip
petebat me, cum nullo fine. Horrendus sylvis, et visus ab hospite nullo [ sis
Nec, si quæsieris odium Cy- Impunè, et magni cum Dîs contemptor Olympi,
elopis, amorne Acidis fuerit
præsentior in nobis, edam : Quid sit amor sentit ; nostrîque cupidine captus
Fuit par utrimque. Pro alma Uritur ; oblitus pecorum antrorumque suorum.
Venus, quanta est potentia
tui regni ! nempe ille immitis, et horrendus ipsis sylvis, et visus ab nullo hospite impune, et
contemptor magni Olympi cum Dîs, sentit quid amor sit ; que captus cupidine nostrî uri
tur ; oblitus suorum pecorum antrorumque.
a si mihi.

NOTES.
20. Galatea.] She was the daughter of
Nereus and Doris, who loving Acis, shun
ned the conversation of the Cyclops ; he,
having found her sitting in the lap of Acis,
fell into a rage, and threw a great rock at
them, by which Acis was crushed to death,
and transformed into a river of his own
name ; but Galatea made her escape by plung
ing into the sea.
25. Sororum.] Of the sea-nymphs called
Nereides, of all which Doris was the mother.
26. Cyclopis. ] Of Polyphemus.
28. Virgo.] Scylla.
29. Deam. ] Galatea.
31. Nereis.] Galatea, the daughter of
Nereus.-— -His.] sc. Verbis.
Resecuta est.]Answered Scylla, the daugh
ter of Phorcus and Cratæis.
32. Symathide.] Symæthus was a river of
Sicily, whose daughter bore Acis, who was
beloved by Galaten.
35. Octonis iterùm ] The poet intimates,
that Acis was eighteen years of age.
36. Dubia.] So fine, that it could scarce
be seen, so that it was doubtful, whether Acis
was grown to puberty or not.
37. Hunc.] Acis.- Ego. sc. Petebam.
Cyclops.] Polyphemus.- Nullo cum fine.]
without end, i. e. vehemently.
33. Nec.] She does not know whether she
had the greater hatred to the Cyclops, or the
greater love for Acis.
39. Præsentior.] Greater, more vehement.
Nec edam.] Neither am I able to say.
40. Par utrimque fuit.] They were equal;
the hatred Galatea had to the Cyclops, and
the love she bare to Acis.
42. Sylvis.] To the wild beasts. A me
tonymy.
43. Impunè.] Without punishment, For
Polyphemus was wont to kill all that fellin
his way.
FAB. X1. METAMORPHOSEON . 493

Jamque tibi formæ, jamque est tibi cura placendi : Jamque, Polypheme cura for
Jam rigidos pectis rastris, Polypheme, capillos . mæ est tibi, que jam cura pla
Jam libet hirsutam tibi falce recidere barbam : cendi est tibi ; jam pec
tis rigidos capillos rastris :
Et spectare feros in aquà, et componere, vultus . jam libet tibi recidere hirsu
Cædis amor, feritasque, sitisque immensa cruoris tambarbam falce : et spectare,
Cessant : et tutæ veniunt abeuntque carinæ. 51 et componere feros vultus in
Telemus interea Siculam delatus ad Ætnen, aquâ. Amor cædis, feritas
Telemus Eurymides, quem nulla fefellerat ales, que, que immensa sitis cru
oris, cessant : et carinæ veni
Terribilem Polyphemon adit : Lumenque quod unt abeuntque tuta. Interea
unum 54 Telemus delatus ad Siculum
Ætnen, Telemus Eurymides,
Fronte geris medià, rapiet tibi, dixit, Ulysses.
quem nulla ales fefellerat,
Risit, et, O vatum stolidissime, falleris, inquit : adit terribilem Polyphemon :
Altéra jam rapuit . Sic frustrà vera monentem que dixit, Ulysses rapiet tibi
Spernit : et aut gradiens ingenti littora passu lumen diâ fronte. Risit, geris
quod unum me,
et inquit
Degravat ; aut fessus sub opaca a revertitur antra. O stolidissime vatum, falle
Prominet in pontum cuneatus acumine longo 60 ris : altera jam rapuit.
Sic
Collis : utrumque latus circumfluit æquoris unda. spernit monentem vera frus
Huc ferus ascendit Cyclops ; 6 mediusque resedit. trà : et aut gradiens degravat
Lanigeræ pecudes , nullo ducente, secutæ. littora ingenti passu, aut fes
sus revertitur sub opaca an
Cui postquam pinus, baculi quæ præbuit usum, tra. Collis cuneatus longo
Ante pedes posita est, antennis apta ferendis : 65 acumine prominet in pontum :
Sumptaque arundinibus compacta est fistula unda æquoris circumfluit
Senserunt toti pastoria sibila montes : [ centum ; utrumqu
Cyclops eascendit que ferus
latus. ; Huc rese
Senserunt undæ. Latita ns ego rupe, meiqu e dit medius . Laniger æ pecu
Acidis in gremio residens, procul auribus hausi des secutæ nullo ducente.
Talia dicta meis, auditaque сe mente notavi. 70 Cui postquam pinus, quæ
Candidior nivei folio, Galatea, ligustri ; præbuit pedes,baculi,
sita anteusum est po
apta ferendis
antennis ; que fistula com
pacta centum arundinibus est sumpta : toti montes senserunt pastoria sibila : undæ senserunt.
Ego latitans rupe, que residens in gremio mei Acidis, hausi talia dicta procul meis auribus,
que notavi audita mente. Galatea candidior folio nivei ligustri ; f
a reconditur. mediosque për æstus c verba.
Lanigeræ, &c.

NOTES.

47. Rastris.] With rakes, by which the
●lumsiness and rudeness of Polyphemus is
hinted at.
48. Spectare.] This refers to what he
says below : 66 Liquidæ in imagine vidi nu
C per aquæ."
Componere.] To compose his countenance,
that it might please his mistress.
52. Telemus. ] The son of Eurymus,
was a famous soothsayer among the Cyclops,
who foretold Polyphemus all he was to suffer
from Ulysses.
53. Quem, &c.] He shews that Telemus
was very skilful in soothsaying ; for sooth
sayers drew their predictions from the flight
of birds.
57. Altera.] Galatea. He alludes to that
saying. " That those who are in love are
blind."
Sic.] With such sayings.
39. Degravat.] Depresses, causes to sink.
60, Prominet.] The poet describes the
promontory that Polyphemus went to.
Cuneatus.] In the form of a long wedge.
61. Utrumque.] Both sides.
62. Huc.] Thither, up that hill.
Medius.] In the middle.
63. Lanigeræ pecudes.] The sheep.
64. Pinus, &c.] The poet describes how
gigantic Polyphemus appeared, by repre
senting him as having a pine tree for a
walking staff, that would make a main
yard for a ship.
67. Pastoria sibila. ] His attempts at pas
torals, which more resembled a serpent's
hissing than a lover's song.
69. Hausi auribus.] 1 heard.
70. Notavi mente.] I got them by heart.
71. Candidior nivei, &c. ] The love- song
of the Cyclops, setting forth the praises of
Galatea, is here described.- Ligustri.] Li
gustrum privet, is a sort of shrub bearing
white flowers, which afterwards produces 2
white fruit.
494 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIII. i

floridior pratis : procerior Floridior pratis ; longâ procerior alno ;

longa alno ; splendidior vi- Splendidior vitro ; tenero lascivior hoedo;
tro; lascivior tenero hodo ; Lævior assiduo detritis æquore conchis ;
lavior conchis detritis assiduo Solibus hibernis , æstivâ gratior umbra ;
æquore : gratior æstivâ um
bra, hibernis solibus ; no- Nobilior pomis ; platano conspectior altâ ;
bilior pomis ; conspectior al- Lucidior glacie ; matura pulchrior uvâ ;
plumis, et lacte coacto ;
tâ platano
pulchrio ; lucidior
r maturâ : mol; Mollior et cygni
uvâ glacie
lior et plumis cygni et coac- Et, si non fugias, riguo formosior horto.
to lacte ; et si non fugias, Sævior indomitis eadem Galatea juvencis ; 80
formosior riguo horto Ea- Durior annosâ quercu ; fallacior undis ;
dem Galatea sævior indomi
tis juvencis ; durior annosâ Lentior et salicis virgis, et vitibus albis ;
quercu ; fallacior undis ; len- His immobilior scopulis ; violentior amne ;
tior et virgis salicis, et albis Laudato pavone superbior ; acrior igni ;
vitibus ; immobilior his sco- Asperior tribulis ; fœtâ truculentior ursâ ; 85
pulis ; violentior amne ; su
perbior laudato pavone ; â- Surdior æquoribus ; calcato immitior hydro ;
erior igni asperior tribulis ; Et, quod præcipue a vellem tibi demere possem,
truculentior fœtâ ursâ ; sur- Non tantùm cervo claris latratibus acto,
dior æquoribus ; immitior Verùm etiam ventis volucrique fugacior aurà.
calcato hydro : et quod præ
cipuè vellem possem demere At, bene si nôris, pigeat fugisse : morasque 90
tibi, non tantùm fugacior Ipsa tuas damnes : et me retinere labores.
s tia saxo
cervo acto
verùm ventislatratibu
etiamclaris volucri, Sunt mihi, pars montis, vivo penden
que aurâ . At, si bene noris, Antra ; quibus nec Sol medio sentitur in æstu,
pigeat fugisse ; que ipsa Nec sentitur hyems ; sunt poma gravantia ramos :
damnes tuas moras : et labo- Sunt auro similes longis in vitibus uvæ. 95
res retinere me. Sunt mihi Sunt et purpurea, tibi et has servamus et illas.
antra pendentia
pars montis vivonecsaxo,
; quibus Sol Ipsa tuis manibus sylvestri nata sub umbrâ
sentitur in medio æstu, nec Mollia fraga leges : ipsa autumnalia corna,
hyems sentitur : sunt poma Prunaque, non solùm nigro liventia succo, 99
gravantia ramos ; sunt uva Verùm etiam generosa, novasque imitantia ceras.
similes auro in longis vitibus : Nec tibi castaneæ , me conjuge, nec tibi deerunt
sunt et purpures, servamus
et has et illas tibi. Ipsa leges
mollia fraga nata sub syl
vestri umbrâ tuis manibus : ipsa autumnalia corna, prunaque, non solùm liventia nigre
succo, verum etiam generosa, que imitantia novas ceras. Nec castaneæ deerunt tibi, me
conjuge, nec
a si possum, demere vellem.

NOTES.
、
72. Procerior.] Taller and straighter. 90. Si noris .] sc. Me. Polyphemus
Alno.] Alder, a tree that grows on the reckons up all his possessions, that he may
banks ofrivers to a great height. allure Galatea to love him. I
74. Lævior.] More smooth.. 91. Labores ] You would study and
80. Sævior.] Hithertohe hath enumerated endeavour.
the perfections of Galatea ; now he takes 92. Pendentia. ] Pendent, hanging.
notice of her ill qualities. 94. Gravantia.] That weigh down.
85. Tribulis. ] A prickly weed, hurtful to 95. Similes auro.] Yellow, full ripe.
corn. A thistle.-Truculentior.] More cruel. 98. Mollia.] Soft, ripe.
Fætà ursâ.] Than a she-bear. Leges.] Thou shalt gather.
86. Calcato hydro.] Than a Serpent Autumnalia.] That are ripe in autumn.
when trod upon. Corna.] Red berries, having a very hard
87. Demere.] To take away, to deprive kernel or stone in the middle ; whence Vir
her of. gil calls them Lapidosa çorna.
89. Fugacior.] Fleeter, or more swift in 100. Generosa, novasque imitantia ceras
flying away. Like new wax of a yellow colour.
 FAB. XI. METAMORPHOSEON. 495

Arbuteia foetus. Omnis tibi serviet arbos. arbutei foetus tibl. Omnis ar
bos serviet tibi. Omne hoc
Hoc pecus omne meum est. Multæ quoque pecus est meum . Quoque
vallibus errant : multæ errant vallibus : sylva
Multas sylva tegit : multæ stabulanturin antris. tegit multas : multæ stabulan
Nec, si fortè roges, possim tibi dicere, quot sint, tur in antris. Nec possim di
Pauperis est numerare pecus. De laudibus harum cere tibi quot sint, si fortè
roges. Est pauperis numerare
Nil mihi credideris : præsens potes ipsa videre, pecus. Credideris nil mihi
Ut vix sustineant distentum cruribus uber . de laudibus harum : ipsa præ
sens potes videre, ut vix sus
Sunt, fœtura minor, tepidis in ovilibus agni : tineant distentum uber cruri
Sunt quoque, par ætas, aliis in ovilibus hodi.110 bus. Sunt agni, minor fœtura
Lac mihi semper adest niveum. Pars indè bibenda in tepidis ovilibus ; Sunt quo
Servatur : partem liquefacta coagula durant. que hodi, par ætas, in aliis
Nec tibi deliciæ faciles, vulgataque tantùm ovilibus. Niveum lac semper
adest mihi. Pars indè serva
Munera contingent, dama, leporesque, capræque, tur bibenda ; liquefacta coa
Parve columbarum, demptusve cacumine nidus : gula durant partem. Nec
Inveni geminos, qui tecum ludere possint, 116 faciles delicia, vulgataqué
Inter se similes, vix ut dignoscere possis, munera tantùm contingent
tibi, damæ, leporesque, ca
Villosæ catulos in summis montibus ursæ.
præque, pàrve columbarum,
Inveni : et dixi, dominæ servabimus istos. 119 ve nidus demptus cacumine ;
Jam modò cæruleo nitidum caput exsere ponto : inveni geminos catulos villosa
Jam, Galatea, veni ; nec munera despice nostra. ursæ in summis montibus, si
Certè ego me novi, liquidæque in imagine vidi miles inter se ut vix possis
dignoscere, qui possint ludere
Nuper aquæ : placuitque 6 mihi mea forma videnti. tecum. Inveni ; et dixi, Ser
Adspice, sim quantus. Non est hôc corpore major vabimus istos domina. Modò,
Jupiter in cœlo : nam vos narrare soletis 125 Galatea, jam exsere nitidum
cæruleo ponto ; jam
Nescio quem regnare Jovem. Coma plurima caput veni ; nec despice nostra mu
c torvos [ obumbrat . nera. Certè ego novi me,
Prominet in vultus : humerosque, ut lucus que vidi nuper in imagi
Nec, mihi quòd rigidis horrent densissima setis ne liquida aquæ ; que mes
forma placuit mihi videnti.
Corpora, turpe puta : turpis sinè frondibus arbos. Adspice, quantus sim. Jupi
Turpis equus, nisi colla jubæ flaventia velent. ter in cœlo non est major hôc
Pluma tegit volucres : ovibus sua lana decori est : corpore ; nam vos soletis nar
rare nescio quem Jovem reg
nare. Plurima coma promi
net in torvos vultus ; que obumbrat humeros, ut lucus. Nec puta turpe mihi quòd corpora
horrent densissima rigidis setis. Arbos est turpis sinè frondibus. Equus est turpis, nisi
jubæ velent flaventia colla. Pluma tegit volucres ; sua lana est decori ovibus ;
a Arborci. b margine. c fortes.

NOTES.
6
102. Arbutei.] The fruit of the Arbutus,
19 which is a low tree bearing red berries that
resemble straw-berries, and are in the high
est beauty in winter.
Serviet.] Shall be for your use.
103. Hoc pecus, &c. ] All these are my
Bocks.-Errant.] Stray, or roam.
108. Distentum uber.] Full udder. He
intimates that the fullness of the udders of
bis sheep prevents their going.
109. Sunt.] sc. Mihi .
1 112. Coagula.] Rennet, with which milk
is turned or curled.- Durant.] Thicken to
harden it into cheese.
114. Faciles.] Which may be easily had.
Vulgataque. ] Vulgar or common presents,
such as does, hares, goats, and pigeons.
116. Inveni geminos, &c.] These, indeed
are such presents as Polyphemus says are
not common.
117. Similes ] sc. Ita or adeo.
119. Dominæ ] For my mistress. Lovers
were wont to call their mistresses Dominas,
Tibullus.
120. Exsere.] Put forth, raise.
122. Novi, &c. ] Polyphemus also reckons
himself handsome.
128. Rigidis setis. ] His body is thick set
with bristles. Polyphemus concludes from
many similes, that his bristly hairs are rather
an ornament than otherwise.
496 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIII.

in corpore setæ.
barba decet viros, que hirta Barba viros, hirtæque decentfronte,
setæ decent in corpore. U- Unum est in mediâ lumen mihi sed instar
num lumen est mihi in mediâ
fronte, sed instar ingentis Ingentis clypei. Quid, non hæc omnia a magne
clypei. Quid, non Sol videt Sol videt è colo ? Soli tamen unicus orbis. 135
hæc omnia è magno colo ? Adde, quòd in vestro genitor meus æquore
tamen unicus orbis est Soli.
regnat. [cesque
Adde, quòd meus genitor Hunc tibi do socerum. Tantùm miserere , pre
regnat in vestro æquore. Do
hunc socerum tibi. Tantùm Supplicis exaudi. Tibi enim succumbimus uni.
miser que exaudi preces Quique Jovem, et cœlum sperno, et penetra
suppliere,
cis. Enim succumbi
mus tibi uni. Quique sperno bile fulmen, 139
Jovem et cœlum, et penetra- Nerei, te vereor : tua fulmine sævior ira est.
bile fulmen, Nerei, vereor te : Atque ego contemptûs essem patientior hujus,
tua ira est sævior fulmine . Si fugeres omnes .
Sed cur, Cyclope repulso,
Atque essem patientior hujus
contemptùs, si fugeres omnes. Acin amas, præfersque meis amplexibus Acin ?
Sed cur, Cyclope repulso, Ille tamen placeatque sibi, placeatque licebit,
amas Acin, præfersque Acin Quod nollem, Galatea, tibi ; modò copia detur,
meis amplexibus ? tamen ille Sentict esse mihi tanto pro corpore vires. [gros,
placeatque sibi, que licebit
placeat quod, Galatea, nollem Viscera viva traham : divulsaque membra per a
tibi ; modò copia detur, sen- Perque tuas spargam (sic se tibi misceat) undas.
tiet esse vires mihi pro tanto Uror enim ; læsusque exæstuat acriùs ignis :
corpore. Traham viscera vi
que spargam divulsa Cumque suis videor translatam viribus Ætnam
va ;
membra per agros perque Pectore ferre meo : nec tu, Galatea , moveris .
tuas undas (sic misceat se Talia nequicquam questus ( nam cuncta videbam )
tibi . ) Enim uror ; que ignis Surgit : et ut taurus vaccâ furibundus ademptâ
læsus exæstuat acriùs ; que Stare nequit ; sylvâque et notis saltibus errat.
videor ferre Etnam
tam cum suis viribus meo pec- Cùm ferus ignaros, nec quicquam tale timentes ,
tore; Ne ctu, Galatea, move- Me videt, atque Acin : Videoque, exclamat ; et
ris. Questus talia nequicquam ista 156
(nam videbam cuncta) surgit ;
et ut furibundus taurus vacca Ultima sit, faciam, Veneri concordia vestræ .
ademptânequit stare ; et errat Tantaque vox, quantam Cyclops iratus habere
sylvâ et notis saltibus. Cùm
ferus vidit me atque Acin, ignaros, nec timentes quicquam tale ; que exclamat, Video, et
faciam ista sit ultima concordia vestræ Veneri. Que illa vox fuit tanta, quantam iratus
Cyclops a magnus. b ignibus.

NOTES.

133. Unum.] Polyphemus obviates an ob
jection that might be made against him, and
acknowledges he had but one eye ; but then
of such a size as to be equal to two.
134. Instar ingentis clypei.] Large, and
like a great shield.
Quid, &c.] Polyphemus shows that his
one eye was a beauty in him ; since the sun,
that sees all things, has but a single orb.
156. Vestro.] The sea, where you Nereids
live.-Meus genitor.] Neptune.
137. Tibi.] I submit to none but you.
139. Sperno.] I contemn, slight.
140. Nerei.] Galatea, the daughter of
Nereus.
141. Atque ego contemptûs, &c.] I should
be less mortified with this slight.
144. Placeat sibi.] Let him think himself
handsome.
145. Modò copia detur.] Let but oppor
tunity offer.
145. Sentiet, &c. ] He shall know that I
have strength equal to the bulk of my body.
147. Traham.] I will tear out.
Divulsaque. ] Mangled.
148. Misceat tibi.] Thus let him be uni
ted to you.
149. Uror.] I burn.
Læsusque ignis. ] Slighted love.
Acriùs.] More vehemently.
150. Viribus. ] With fires. For Etna's
fires are continually burning.
Ætnam.] A mountain of Sicily.
151. Moveris.] You are not moved to
pity.
155. Ignaros. ] Not knowing we were ob
served.
157. Veneri vestræ.] Your mutual love.
FAB. XI. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 497

Debuit, illa fuit. Clamore perhorruit Ætna. debuit habere. Ætna per
Ast ego vicino pavefacta sub æquore mergor. 160 horruit clamore. Ast ego pa
Terga fugæ dederat conversa Symæthius heros : vefacta mergor sub vicino
æquore. Symæthius heros
Et, Fer opem, Galatea, precor, mihi : ferte pa- dederat conversa terga fugæ :
rentes : Et dixerat, Galatea, precor
Dixerat : et vestris periturum admittite regnis. fer mihi : parentes fer
te :opem
et admittite periturum
Insequitur Cyclops : partemque è monte revul- vestris regnis. Cyclops in
sam 164 sequitur : que mittit partem
revulsam è monte : et quam
Mittit ; extremus quamvis pervenit ad illum vis extremus angulus è saxo
Angulus è saxo, totum tamen obruit Acin. pervenit ad illum, tamen ob
At nos, quod fieri solum per fata licebat, ruit totum Acin. At nos fe
Fecimus : ut vires adsumeret Acis avitas. cimus, quod solum licebat
Puniceus de mole cruor manabat : et intrà fieri per fata ; ut Acis adsu
meret avitas vires. Punice
Temporis exiguum rubor evanescere cœpit : 170 us cruor manabat de mole :
Fitque color primo turbati fluminis imbre : et rubor cœpit evanescere in
Purgaturque morâ. Tum moles jacta dehiscit : trà exiguum temporis : que
Vivaque per rimas, proceraque surgit arundo : fit color fluminis turbati pri
mo imbre : que purgatur
Osque cavum saxi sonat exsultantibus undis : 174 morâ. Tum moles jacta de
Miraque res : subitò mediâ tenus exstitit alvo hiscit : vivaque proceraque
Incinctus juvenis flexis nova cornua cannis. arundo surgit per rimas : que
cavum os saxi sonat undis
Qui, nisi quòd major, quòd toto cærulus ore est,
Acis erat. Sed sic quoque erat tamen Acis in exsultantibus :
miraque res :
juvenis incinctus nova cornua
amnem flexis cannis subito exstitit
Versus : et antiquum tenuerunt flumina nomen. tenus mediâ alvo. Qui, nisi
quod est major, quòd est cæ
ruleus toto ore, erat Acis. Sed sic quoque tamen erat Acis versus in amnem et flumina
tenuerunt antiquum nomen .

NOTES.

161. Symæthius heros. ] Acis the son of
the nymph Symæthis.
163. Vestris regnis. ] Into your watery
realms.
165. Quamvis.] Although the extreme
angle of the rock only reached him. Hence
we may collect, how big that rock was that
Polyphemus threw upon Acis.
166. Obruit.] Overwhelmed, crushed.
167. Per fata licebat.] The Fates per
mitted.
48 168. Ut vires adsumeret avitas.] That he
% should be turned into a river. Symathus is
a very rapid river.
172. Moles jacta dehiscit. ] The massy
rock opened .
173. Proceraque.] Straight and long.
175. Cannis ] The river gods are said to
have horns adorned with reeds, which grow
on the banks of rivers.
Cornua.] The Gods of rivers are some
times said to have horns, like bulls, because
of their turnings and windings, which re
semble horns.
177. Cærulus.] Azure.
179. Antiquum nomen ] That river was
called Acis, quia similis Axio , i. e. the point
of an arrow.

EXP. FAB. XI. The Cyclops being another species of monsters, which
Ovid has introduced into his work, we shall give a description of them as
drawn by Homer. They were men of monstrous stature, with only one
eye, which was placed in their forehead , and in manners quite dissolute ;
they paid no attention to husbandry, from the abundance their country
spontaneously produced ; were strangers to all regular government ; and
lived in caves, each governing his own family as he chose. Polyphemus , the
most famous amongst them, was a monster of an enormous size, carrying
an oak, ( which he tore from the earth ) as a staff, and so strong, that, like
the Centaurs, he cast entire rocks at his enemies. They are said to have
Sss
498 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIII.

been the first inhabitants of Sicily, and to have lived near Mount Ætna, where
Vulcan is supposed to have kept his forge , and where they were thought to
be employed by that God to form the thunder for Jupiter.... Polyphemus is
described by the poets as a most hideous being, and the account given of
him by Ovid, is not a little surprising.

FAB. XII. GLAUCUS IN DEUM MARINUM.

Glaucus, who delighted in fishing, having observed some fishes, which he laid
upon the grass, revive, and leap into the water again , had a mind to try the
influence ofthe grass on himself. He puts some of it into his mouth , im
mediately runs mad, leaps into the sea, and is metamorphosed into a sea God.

Galatea desierat loqui : cœ- DESIERAT Galatea loqui : cœtuque soluto

tuque soluto discedunt : que
Nereides natant placidis un Discedunt : placidisque natant Nerêides
dis. Scylla redit ; (neque e undis.
nim audet credere se medio Scylla redit : ( neque enim medio se credere ponto
ponto) et aut errat bibulâ a Audet) et aut bibulâ sinè vestibus errat arenâ ;
renâ sine vestibus ; aut ubi Aut ubi lassata est, seductos nacta recessus 5
est lassata, nacta seductos
recessus gurgitis, refrigerat Gurgitis, inclusâ sua membra refrigerat undâ.
sua membra inclusâ undâ. Ecce, fretum findens, alti novus incola ponti,
Ecce Glaucus, novus incola Nuper in Euboicâ versis Anthedone membris,
alti ponti, adest, firdens fre- Glaucus adest ; visæque cupidine virginis a hæret:
tum, membris nuper versis
in Euboicâ Anthedone : que Et, quæcunque putat fugientem posse morari,
hæret cupidine visæ virginis : Verba refert : fugit illa tamen : veloxque timore
et refert quæcunque verba Pervenit in summum positi prope littora montis.
putat posse morari fugientem : Ante fretum est ingens, apicem collectus in unum,
tamen illa fugit ; veloxque Longa sinè arboribus convexus ad æquora, vertex.
timore, pervenit in summum
montis positi prope littora Constitit hîc : et tuta loco, monstrumne, Deusne
Ante fretum est ingens vertex Ille sit ignorans, admiraturque colorem, [ tem,
collectus in unum apicem, Cæsariemque humeros subjectaque terga tegen
convexus ad longa æquor Ultimaque excipiat quòd tortilis inguina piscis.
sinè arboribus. hîc ;
et tuta loco, ignorans ne ille Sentit : et innitens, quæ stabat proxima, moli,
sit monstrum Deusne, admi- Non ego prodigium, non sum fera bellua, virgo :
ratur que colorem, cæsariem
que tegentem humeros, sub
jectaque terga, que quòd tortilis piscis excipiat ultima inguina Sentit : et innitens moli
quæ stabat proxima inquit, Virgo, ego non sum prodigium, non fera bellua ;
a ardet.

NOTES.

1. Cœtuque soluto.] The company of the
Nereides, or sea- nymphs, being dismissed.
3. Redit.] She returns from the sea to the
shore.
4. Bibulâ.] Thirsty, which quickly soaks
the water.
5. Seductos recessus.] The winding private
recesses.
7. Novus incola, &c.] Lately turned into
a Sea-god.
8. Euboica.] Because Euboea lies near
Boeotia.
Anthedone. ] A city of Boeotia,
9. Virginis.] Of Scylla.
10. Morari. ] Occasion to stop, hinder
her flight.
12. Summum montis.] The summit ofthe
hill.
13. Apicem in unum.] Into one top.
14. Convexus .] Sloping, slanting.
Ad Equora. ] Towards the sea.
18. Ultimaque excipiat, &c. ] His lower
parts were converted into a fish's wreathy
tail.
19. Sentit. ] Glaucus perceived that she
doubted whether he was a God or a Monster.
Moli.] The rock.
20. Prodigium.] A monster.
FAB. XII. METAMORPHOSEON. 499

Sum Deus, inquit, aquæ ; nec majus in æquora sum Deus aquæ : nec Proteus
Proteus habet majus jus in æquora,
[læmon. aut Triton, Athamantiades
Jus habet, aut Triton, Athamantiadesque Pa que Palæmon . Tamen antè
Antè tamen mortalis eram : sed scilicet altis 23 eram mortalis ; sed scilicet
Deditus æquoribus, jam tum exercebar in illis, deditus altis æquoribus, jam
tum exercebar in illis. Nam
Nam modò ducebam ducentia retia pisces : modò ducebam retia ducentia
Nunc in mole sedens moderabar arundine linum. pisces : nunc sedens in mole,
Sunt viridi prato confinia littora, quorum 27 moderabar linum arundine.
Altera pars undis, pars altera cingitur herbis : Sunt littora confinia viridi
prato, altera pars quorum
Quas neque cornigeræ morsu læsere juvencæ : cingitur undis, altera pars
Nec placidæ carpsistis oves, hirtave capella ; herbis : quas neque cornigeræ nec
Non apis indè tulit collectos sedula flores ; 31 juvencæ læsere morsu :
placidæ oves, carpsistis, hir
Non data sunt capiti genialia serta : nec unquam tæve capella : sedula apis non
Falciferæ secuêre manus. Ego primus in illo tulit inde collectos flores :
Cespite consedi, dum lina madentia sicco. genialia serta non sunt data
Utque recenserem captivos ordine pisces ; 35 capiti : nec falciferæ manus
unquam secuêre. Ego primus
Insuper exposui, quos aut in retia casus, consedi in illo cespite, dum
Aut sua credulitas in aduncos egerat hamos . sicco madentia lina. Utque
captivos pisces
Res similis fictæ : ( sed quid mihi fingere prodest ?) recenserem
ordine; insuper exposui, quos
Gramine contacto cœpit mea præda moveri, casus egerat in retia, aut sua
Et mutare latus ; terrâque, ut in æquore, niti . credulitas in aduncos hamos.
Dumque moror, mirorque simul, fugit omnis in Res est similis fictæ : (sed quid
undas [ linquunt. prodest mihi fingere ?) Gra
mine contacto mea præda cœ
Turba suas : dominumque novum , littusque re- pit moveri, et mutare latus ;
Obstupui; dubiusque diu, quæ causa, requiro ; que niti terrâ, ut in æquore.
Num Deus hoc aliquis , num succus fecerit herbæ. Dumque moror, et simul mi
Quæ tamen has, inquam, vires habet herba ? ror, omnis turba fugit in suas
undas, que relinquunt novum
manûque 45 dominum, littusque. Obstu
Pabula decerpsi, decerptaque dente momordi. pui : que diu dubius requiro,
Vix bene combiberant ignotos guttura succos ; quæ causa: num aliquis Deus,
num succus herbæ fecerit hoc.
Cum subitò trepidare intus præcordia sensi ; Tamen inquam, Quæ herba
habet has vires ? que decerp
si pabula manû, que momordi decerpta dente. Guttura vix bene combiberant ignotos sue
eos ; cùm subitò sensi præcordia trepidare intus ;
a ― aut Triton, Athamantiadesve, &c. b - dubiusque, fugæ quæ causa requiro :

NOTES.

21. Deus aquæ.] A Sea God.
Majus jus.] A greater power.
Proteus. ] Concerning Proteus and Tri
ton, See Lib. II. ver. 8 and 9.
22. Athamantiadesque.] Of Palæmon the
son of Athamas, being turned into a Sea
God, See Lib. IV.
24. Deditus æquoribus. ] Very fond of the
sea.
25. Nam modò, &c. ] For sometimes I
eaught the fishes with nets.
Ducebam.] I drew out.
26. Linum.] A fishing line.
Arundine.] With a rod.
27. Sunt, &c.] Topographical description bring dead fishes to life.
of the place.
29. Morsu læsêre.] Had grazed upon.
32. Genialia serta. ] Festive garlands.
34. Cespite.] Upon the grassy turf.
Lina madentia.] The wet nets.
35. Recenserem. I numbered.
Captivos pisces ] What fish I had caught.
56. Insuper.] Moreover.
37. Egerat. ] Had driven.
38. Rex, &c. ] sc. Videtur. -Sed quid,
&c.] I have no occasion to forge it.
59. Gramine.] The grass.
Mea præda.] The fishes I had caught.
Moveri.] To move.
40. Niti. Skip .
45. Has vires. ] So great power, as to
48. Trepidare.] To be strangely agitated.
500 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIII

que pectus rapi amore alterius Alteriusque rapi naturæ pectus amore. 49
naturæ . Nec potui restare lo- Nec potui restare loco. Repetendaque nunquam
co que dixi, Terra, vale,
nunquam repetenda : que Terra, vale, dixi : corpusque sub æquora mersi.
mersi corpus sub æquora. Dî Di maris exceptum socio dignantur honore :
maris dignantur exceptum so- Utque mihi, quæcunque feram, mortalia demant,
cio honore que rogant Oce
anum, Tethynque, ut demant Oceanum Tethynque rogant. Ego lustror ab illis.
mihi quæcunque feram mor- Et purgante nefas novies mihi carmine dicto, 55
talia. Ego lustror ab illis et Pectora fluminibus jubeor supponere centum.
carmine dicto novies purgan- Nec mora : diversis lapsi de fontibus amnes,
te nefas, jubeor supponere
pectora centum fluminibus. Totaque vertuntur supra caput æquora nostrum.
Nec mora ; amnes lapsi de di- Hactenus acta tibi possum memoranda referre :
versis fontibus, totaque æquo- Hactenus et memini : nec mens mea cætera
ra vertuntur supra nostrum sensit. 60
caput. Hactenus possum re
ferre acta memoranda tibi ; Quæ postquam rediit ; alium me corpore toto
et hactenus memini : nec mea Ac fueram nuper, nec eundem mente recepi.
mens sensit cætera. Quæ post- Hanc ego tum primùm viridem ferrugine barbam
quam rediit : recepi me alium
toto corpore ac fueram, nec Cæsariemque meam, quam longa per æquora
eundem mente. Tum primùm verro , 64
ego vidi hanc barbam viridem Ingentesque humeros, et cærula brachia vidi,
ferrugine que meam cæsariem, Cruraque pinnigero curvata novissima pisce.
quam verro per longa æquora, Quid tamen hæc species, quid Dîs placuisse marinis,
que ingentes humeros, et cæ
rula brachia, que novissima Quid juvat esse Deum, si tu ron tangeris istis?
crura curvata pinnigero pis- Talia dicentem, dicturum plura, reliquit
ce. Tamen quid hæc species Scylla Deum . Furit ille, irritatusque repuls
â
juvat, quid placuisse marinis
Dîs, quid esse Deum, si tu Prodigiosa petit Titanidos atria Circes. 71
non tangeris istis ? Scylla re
liquit Deum dicentem talia, dicturum plura. Ille furit, irritatusque repulsâ petit prodigiosa
atria Titanidos Circes.

NOTES.

49. Alteriusque naturæ.] Of the sea, and 62. Recepi.] I perceived.

of the fish.
Pectus rapi.] My mind seized.
50. Restare loco. Stay in the place.
52. Socio honore.] For they admitted me
into their number.
53. Quæcunque feram.] Whatever I might
have, or carry about me.
Demant.] That they would take away.
54. Lustror.] I am purified.
55. Nefas. ] All my earthly dross.
56. Supponere. ] To plunge.
59. Hactenus.] Heinsius thinks these two
verses ought to be rejected, and that Quæ
in the following line, has been inserted by
some unskilful transcriber.
63. Viridem.] Sea-gods are supposed to
be of the colour of the sea.
64. Verro.] I draw.
66. Cruraque, &c.] And my legs were
turned into the tail of a fish.
Pinnigero.] Fin-bearing.
68. Tangeris. ] Affected.
70. Furit. ] He is in a rage.
71. Prodigiosa atria.] The marvellous
house.
Circes.] Of Circe, the daughter of the
Sun, who (as Virgil says in his VIIth. Book
of the Æneid) by her knowledge in the pow
er of herbs, turned men into beasts. See
the 9th verse of the following Book.

EXP. FAB . XII. Glaucus, who is taken notice of in this Fable, was sup
posed to have been a most skilful fisher ; he was, moreover, a very dexterous
swimmer, and could stay so long under water, that they said he held confer
ences with the sea deities ; by venturing too far he was, at length, however,
drowned, and the city of Anthedon paid religious worship to his memory.
 [ 501 ]

P. OVIDII NASONIS

ΜΕΤΑΜΟRPHOSEΩΝ

LIBER XIV .

FAB. I. II. & III. SCYLLA IN FERAM ; EADEM IN SAXUM .

THE ARGUMENT.

Circe becomes enamoured of Glaucus, who complains to her of Scylla's in

difference. She endeavours to make him leave his ungrateful Mistress
for her ; but without success. In revenge she poisons the fountain where
that Nymph used to bathe, and thereby makes her Form hideous, which
is so insupportable , that she throws herself into the Sea, and is trans
formed into a Rock.

JAMQUE Giganteis injectam faucibusÆtnen, Jamque Euboïcus cultor

Arvaque Cyclopum, a quid rastra, quid usus tumidarum aquarum liquerat
Ætnen injectam Giganteis
aratri faucibus, arvaque Cyclopum
Nescia, nec quicquam junctis debentia bubus, nescia quid rastra, quid usus
Liquerat Euboïcus tumidarum cultor aquarum : aratri, nec debentia quicquam
junctis bubus : Liquerat et
Liquerat et Zanclen, adversaque moenia Rhegi, Zanclen, adversaque mania
Navifragumque fretum, gemino quod littore pres- Rhegi, navifragumque fre
Ausoniæ Siculæque b tenet confinia terræ. [ sum tum, quod pressum gemino
Inde, manu magna Tyrrhena per æquora lapsus, littore tenet confinia Ausoniæ
Siculæque terræ. Inde Glau
cus lapsus per Tyrrhena littora magna manu,
& quis. b terit.

NOTES.
1. Giganteis faucibus.] On the heads of
the giants, who are said to have been bu
ried under Mount Etna, which has been
already taken notice of.
2. Arvaque Cyclopum .] The Sicilian
fields, near the three rocks of the Cyclops,
which at this day are called Faraglioni.
Quid.] sc. Sint.
3. Nescia, &c.] Ignorant of Agriculture.
4. Euboïcus cultor.] Glaucus, born in An
thedon, a city of Boeotia, over against Eu
boea.-Tumidarum aquarum. ] Of the swel
ling waters.
5. Zanclen.] Now called Messina, a city
1
of Sicily, inthe most inward part of Pelorus.
Rhegî.] Rhegium is called of TO
inyola , i e. rent from, because in that
place Sicily seems as it were broken off from
Italy.
6. Navifragumque. ] In which shipwrecks
are frequent, being dangerous ou account of
the rocks, Scylla and Charybdis.
Gemino littore. ] With two shores, the
Italian and Sicilian.- Pressum.] Confined.
7. Ausoniæ.] For Sicily is divided from
Italy by the sea.
8. Tyrrhena.] So called from Tyrrhenia,
a country of Italy,
 502 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIV.

adiit herbiferos colles, atque Herbiferos adiit colles, atque atria Glaucus
atria Circes satæ sole, plena Sole satæ Circes ; variarum plena ferarum. 10
variarum ferarum. Quam si
mul aspexit, dictâ acceptâque Quam simul aspexit ; dictâ acceptâque salute,
salute, dixit, Diva precor ini- Diva, a Dei miserere precor : nam sola levare
serere Dei, nam tu potes sola Tu potes hunc, dixit (videat modò dignus) amo
levare hunc amorem (modò
rem.
videar dignus.) Titani quanta
potentia herbarum sit cogni- Quanta sit herbarum, Titani, potentia nulli 14
tius nulli quam mihi ; qui sum Quàm mihi cognitius ; qui sum mutatus ab illis.
mutatus er homine in Deum Neve mei non nota tibi sit causa furoris ;
marinum ab illis. Neve causa Littorein ItalicoMessenia moeniacontra [ cesque,
mei furoris non sit nota tibi;
Scylla est visa mihi in Italico Scylla mihi visa est. Pudor est promissa , pre
littore contra Messenia mo
nia. Pudor est referre pro- Blanditiasque
At tu, sive meas,
aliquid contemptaque
regni verba referre.
est in carmine, carmen
missa, precesque, que meas
blanditias, conterptaque ver Ore move sacro : sive Alu expugnatior herba est ;
ba. At tu. move carmen sacro Utere tentatis operosæ viribus herbæ. 22
ore, sive aliquid regni est in Nec medeare mihi , sanesque hæc vulnera mando :
carmine : sive herba est ex- Fineque 6 nil opus est. Partem ferat illa caloris.
pugnatior
ribus ; utere
operos tentatis
herbæ . Necvi. At Circe (neque enim flammis habet aptius ulla
mando medeare mili, sanes- Talibus ingenium; seu causa est hujus in ipsâ ;
que hæc vulnera que nil Seu Venus indicio facit hoc offensa paterno) 27
opus est fine. Illa ferat par- Talia verba refert : Meliùs sequerere volen tem,
tem caloris. At Circe refert
talia verba (neque enim ulla Optantem eadem, parilique cupidine captam .
habet ingenium aptius flam- Dignus ceras : ultro poteras certeque rogari : 30
mis ; seu in ipsâ est causa hu- Et si spem dederis, mihi crede, rogaberis ultro.
jus ; seu Venus offensa pater- Nec dubites , adsitque tuæ fiducia formæ.
no indicio facit hoc :) seque
rere meliùs volentem, optan- En ego, cùm Dea sim, nitidi cùm filia Solis,
tem eadem, que captam parili Carmine cùm tantum , tantum cùm gramine
cupidine. Eras dignus : que 34
certe poteras ultro rogari : et possim ;
si dederis spem ; crede mihi,
rogaberis ultro. Nec dubites, adsitque fiducia tuæ formæ. En ego, cùm sim Dea, cùm
filia nitidi Solis, cùm possim tantum carmine, tantum gramine ;
a mei, 6 Frigore nil opus. Vel, Hoc mihi nil opus est. c Dignus
eras ultro Ponti à Conserte rogari.
NOTES.
9. Herbiferos colles .] He means Circus, have an end put to my love .
2 mountain in which Circe is said to have Partem, &c.] But let Scylla share my
dwelt, who, by enchanting verses, and the passion.
juices of herbs, turned men into beasts. 25. Aptius flammis. ] More susceptible of
11. Simul. ] As soon as, after that. such a passion.
12. Levare. ] Ease or mitigate. 26. In ipsâ,] In her disposition, inclined
13. Mod ] Only. to love.
14. Titani .] O Circe, daughter of Apollo, 27. Paterno indicio.] Of Apollo, q . d .
who art of the family of the Titans. Whether Venus, in revenge for Apollo's
Cognitius.] Better known. discovery, (who made known to Vulcan
15. Qui, &c. ] Because by them I was the adultery of Venus with Mars, ) had not
transformed from a man into a sea god. infected Apollo's offspring with an amorous
16. Mei furoris.] Of my vehement love. disposition.
17. Contra.] Over against the city Messe- 28. Meliùs sequerere volentem.] You had
nia, formerly called Zanclen, which was better fix your affections on one who is willing
opposite to Rhegium in Italy. to receive them.
18. Pudor. ] I am ashamed to relate my 29. Parili.] With a reciprocal love.
promises, prayers, &c. 30. Ultro, &c . ] You are worthy to have
20. Aliquid regni ] Any power. been first asked the favour by Scylla.
22. Expugnatior. ] More effectual. 32. Adsitque fiducia. ] Trust to (depend
24. Fineque nil opus est. ] There is no upon) your beauty.
necessity for an end of it, i. e. I would not
FAB. 1. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 503

Ut tua sim, voveo. Spernentem sperne : sequenti voveo ut sim tua. Sperne
spernentem, redde vices se
Redde vices : unoque duas ulciscere facto .
quenti : que ulciscere duas uno
Talia tentanti, Prius, inquit, in æquore frondes ; facto. Glaucus inquit tentanti
Glaucus, et in summis nascentur montibus algæ, talia, Priùs frondes nascentur
in æquore, et algæ in summis
Sospite quàm Scyllâ nostri mutentur amores.
montibus; quàm nostri amores
Indignata Dea est : et lædere quatenus ipsum mutentur Scylla sospite . Der
Non poterat, nec vellet amans ; irascitur illi, est indignata et quatenus
Quæ sibi prælata est : Venerisque offensa repulsâ, non poterat ipsum lædere, nec
Protinus horrendis infamia pabula succis 43 amans vellet ; irascitur illi,
quæ est prælata sibi : que of
Conterit : et tritis Hecateïa carmina miscet :
fensa repulsà Veneris, proti
Cærulaque induitur velamina : perque ferarum nus conterit infamia pabula
Agmen adulantûm mediâ procedit ab aulâ : horrendis succis, et miscet He
cateia carmina tritis : que in
Oppositumque petens contra Zancleïa saxa duitur cærula velamina, que
Rhegion, ingreditur ferventes æstibus undas : procedit ab media aulâ per
In quibus, ut solidâ, ponit vestigia, ripâ ; agmen adulantùm ferarum ;
Summaque decurrit pedibus super æquora siccis. que petens Rhegion opposi
tum contra Zancleïa saxa, in
Parvus erat gurges curvos sinuatus in arcus, 51 greditur undas ferventes æsti 1
Grata quies Scyllæ : quò se referebat ab æstu bus ; in quibus ponit vestigia,
Et maris et cœli, medio cùm plurimus orbe ut solidâ ripâ, que decurrit
Sol erat, et minimas à vertice fecerat umbras : super summa æquora siccis
pedibus. Erat parvus gurges
Hunc Dea prævitiat : portentiferisque venenis sinuatus in curvos arcus, grata
Inquinat. Huic fusos latices radice nocenti 56 quies Scylla ; quò referebat se
Spargit : et obscurum, verborum ambâge novorum, ab æstu et maris et cœli, cùm
Sol erat plurimus medio orbe,
Ter novies carmen magico demurmurat ore. et fecerat minimas umbras à
Scylla venit, mediâque tenus descenderat alvo ; vertice : Dea pravitiat hune
Cum sua foedari latrantibus inguina monstris 60 gurgitem : que inquinat por
Aspicit : ac primò non credens corporis illas tentiferis venenis. Spargit fu
sos latices nocenti radice huic,
Esse sui partes, refugitque, abigitque, timetque et demurmurat ter novies ob
scurum carmen, ambage novo
rum verborum, magico ore . Scylla venit ; que descenderat tenus mediâ alvo : cum aspicit
sua inguina fœdari latrantibus monstris, ac primo non credens illas esse partes sui corporis,
refugitque, abigitque, timetque

NOTES.
35. Voveo.] I wish.- Spernentem.] Scylla.
Sequenti, &c.] Make a due return to her
who first solicited your love.
36. Unoque. ] Upon her who loves you,
and her who despises you.
57. Priùs, &c ] Sooner shall the nature of
things be changed, than I will cease to love
*Scylla.
38. Algæ.] Sea-weed.
39. Scylla sospite. ] While Scylla is alive.
40. Dea.] Circe.
! meridian. )
Ipsum.] Glaucus, for he was a god.
41. Amans. Because she was in love with
him.-Illi ] With Scylla.
43. Infamia.] Infamous herbs, because of
their pernicious qualities.
44. Hecateïa carmina. ] Enchantments that
she had received from her inother Hecate.
45. Cærulaque velamina ] Her azure gar
ments.
46. Procedit . She went out of.
48. Rhegion .] Rhegium over-against the
city Messena, or Zancle. See ver. 17.
49. Ponit vestigia. ] She trod.
50. Summaque, &c. By her magic, she
passes over the sea without wetting her feet.
51. Parvus, &c. ] The poet describes the
whirlpool in which Seylla, the mistress of
Glaucus, usually bathed.
53. Medio, &c. ] A periphrasis of noon
time. Orbe. ] In the mid-heaven, (the
55. Prævitiat ] She infects before-hand.
Portentiferisque. Making monsters.
56. Inquinat ] She pollutes, vitiates.
Fusos.] Juices squeezed from pernicious
herbs.
60. Fodari. ] To be deformed.
62. Abigitque.] She pushes them away
with her hand.
504 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIV.

proterva ora canum. Sed at- Ora proterva canum . a Sed quos fugit, attra
trahit unà quos fugit. Et hit unà.
quærens corpus - femorum, [dumque,
crurumque, pedumque, inve- Et corpus quærens femorum, crurumque, pe I
nit Cerbereos rictus pro illis Cerbereos rictus pro partibus invenit illis. 65
partibus . Que rabies canum Statque canum rabies : subjectaque tergaferarum
stat, subjectaque terga fera
rum cohærent truncis inguini- Inguinibus truncis uteroque exstante cohærent.
bus, que exstante utero. Glau- Flevit amans Glaucus : nimiumque hostiliter usæ
cus amans flevit fatum Scyl- Viribus herbarum fugit connubia Circes.
la ; que fugit connubia Cir- Scylla loco mansit ; cumque est data copia pri
ces nimium hostiliter usæ viri
bus herbarum. Scylla man mùm, 70
sit loco; cumque copia est pri- In Circes odium sociis spoliavit Ulyssen.
mùm data, in odium Circes Mox eadem Teucras fuerat mersura carinas ;
spoliavit Ulyssen sociis. Mox Ni priùs in scopulum , qui nunc quoque saxeus
eadem fuerat mersura Teucras
carinas ; nî prius foret trans exstat, [vitat.
formata in scopulum, qui Transformata foret. Scopulum quoque navita
nunc quoque exstat saxeus.
Quoque navita vitat scopulum.
a sed quæ fugit attrahit ora. b partes.

NOTES.

65. Proterva ora.] The furious mouths.
64. Corpus femorum .] The substance of
her thighs, legs, &c.
65. Cerbereos.] The mouths of the dogs
were terrible, like those of the three-headed
Cerberus.
67. Inguinibus truncis.] Her groin bereft
of her inferior members.
Uteroque exstante.] Her belly standing out.
Cohærent.] They adhere so closely to the
body of Scylla, that nothing was to be seen
but the heads of monsters.
68. Flevit. ] Glaucus her lover wept.
70. Scylla, &c.] Continued in the same
whirlpool.
71. Circes.] Scylla knew that Circe loved
Ulysses, therefore she satisfied her resent
ment against him, by depriving him of his
people.
72. Mox.] Lest Scylla should be as inju
rious to Æneas, as she proved to the com
panions of Ulysses, she is turned into a rock,
that she might be avoided by the mariners.
72. Teucras carinas.] The ships of the
Trojans, who descended from Teucer.
Mersura fuerat.] She would have sunk.

EXP. FAB, I. Circe from her knowledge in simples, was called the
Daughter of the Sun ; and from the ill use she made of it, by compounding
poisons, she was called a Sorceress. The enchantments which were attri
buted to her were the effect of her beauty, which drew after her a number
of suitors, who indulging themselves in the corrupt manners of her court,
were said to be lost. Glaucus, being greatly enraged at the disdain his
mistress Scylla treated him with, applied to Circe for a composition ; with
this they poisoned the fountain where the nymph usually bathed , which
transformed her into a Monster, of which Homer has drawn the following
picture : " With a voice like a young whelp, and in form so odious as even
" the gods could not look upon without horror. She had twelve feet, six
65 long necks, terminating in the like number of heads, each filled with a
" triple row of teeth, and so envenomed as to carry death to whatsoever
"they touched ." Eusebius says, that Scylla was a ship belonging to a
crew of Tuscan pirates, who infested the coast of Sicily, which had a wo
man carved for its head, whose lower parts were surrounded with dogs.
The Greek etymologies of the words Scylla and Charybdis, favour this ex
plication ; the one signifying to rob, and the other to swallow up.
FAB. 11. METAMORPHOSEON. 505

FAB. II. CERCOPES IN SIMIAS.

Dido receives Æneas into her palace, and falls in love with him. He after
wards leaves her, and she stabs herself in despair. Jupiter transforms the
Cercopes into Apes ; and the Isles they inhabited were afterwards call
ed Pithecusæ, from the Greek name of an Ape.

HANC ubi Trojanæ remis avidamque Cha Ubi Trojanæ rates evicêre
hanc, avidamque Charybdin
rybdin remis ; cùmjam adessent pro
Evicêre rates ; cùm jam prope littus adessent
pe Ausonium littus, referun
Ausonium, Libycas vento referuntur ad oras. tur vento ad Libycas oras. Il
lîc Sidonis excipit Ænean ani
Excipit Ænean illic animoque domoque ,
Non bene discidium Phrygii latura mariti, 5 moque domoque,
latura discidiu non bene
m Phrygii ma
Sidonis : inque pyrâ sacri sub imagine factâ riti, que incubuit ferro in py
Incubuit ferro : deceptaque decipit omnes, râ factâ sub imagine sacri ;
deceptaque decipit omnes.
Rursus arenosæ fugiens nova moenia terræ, Rursus fugiens nova monia
Ad sedemque Erycis fidumque relatus Acesten, arenosæ terræ, relatus ad se
Sacrificat ; tumulumque sui genitoris honorat . dem Erycis fidumque Acesten
Quasque rates Iris Junonia pene cremârat, 11 sacrificat ; que honorat tumu
Solvit ; et Hippotadæ regnum, terrasque calenti lum sui genitoris . Que solvit
rates quas Junonia Iris penè
Sulphure fumantes, Acheloïadumque relinquit cremârat ; que relinquit reg
Sirenum scopulos . Orbataque præside pinus num Hippotada terrasque fu
Inarimen, Prochytenque legit, sterilique locatas mantes calenti sulphure, que
scopulos Acheloïadum Sire
Colle Pithecusas, habitantum nomine dictas. 16 num. Que pinus orbata præ
Quippe Deûm genitor fraudem, et perjuria side legit Inarimen, Prochy
quondam tenque, que Pithecusas locatas
Cercopum exosu s,gentisque admissa dolosæ ; bitantum. sterili colle, dictas nomine ha
Quippe genitor
Deûm quondam exosus frau
dem et perjuria Cercopum, que admissa dolosæ gentis ;
NOTES.

1. Hunc.] The poet briefly describes the 13. Acheloïadumque.] Of the Sirens, the
wanderings of Æneas. daughters of Achelous by Calliope, others
Avidam.] Greedy, which swallows up say by the muse Melpomene or Terpsichore,
ships. See Lib. XIII. who dwelling near the Sicilian shore, allured
5. Non bene, &c.] That could not bear by their enchanting voices the unguarded
patiently. Virgil, Æneid IV. mariner, whom they first composed to sleep,
Phrygii.] The Trojan Æneas. and afterwards murdered.
6. Sidonis.] Sidonian Dido, being forsa 14. Orbataque pinus.] The ship being de
ken by Æneas, whom she had taken as a hus prived of Palinurus its pilot.
band. 15. Inarimen.] An island not far from
Inque, &c.] Concerning this, see the 3d Naples, called Ænaria, from being the usual
Fast. station of the ships of Æneas . At this day
8. Arenosæ terræ .] Carthage. it is called Ischia, from the shape of an hip :
9. Sedemque Erycis. Sicily. Eryx was Virgil relates, that the great Typhæus was
the son of Buta and Venus, who was slain burried under this island. Eneid IX.
by Hercules, and buried in a mountain, on Prochytenque.] An island near the former.
which he had built a temple to his mother Legit.] He passes by.
Venus. The mount was called Eryx, and 16. Pithecusas.] Pithecusa is an island in
from thence Venus was called Erycina. the port of Campania, whose city is situated
Fidumque Acesten. ] See Virgil Æneid V. upon a mountain called Pithecusa, from the
10. Genitoris. Of Anchises. great number of monkies bred there, for
11. Iris.] Juno's messenger. Tonnos is a monkey. Jupiter (as the poets
12. Hippotada.] The Æolian islands. E relate) hating the treachery of the Cercopes,
olus was the son of Jupiter by Acesta, the turned them into monkies, and assigned them
daughter of Hippota the Trojan. this island for their dwelling.
Ttt
506 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIV.

mutavit viros in deforme ani- 1n deforme viros animal mutavit : ut idem

mal : ut idem possent videri Dissimiles homini possent, similesque videri 20
dissimiles homini, similesque.
Que contraxit membra ; que Membraque contraxit : naresque à fronte resimaš
contudit resimas nares á fron- Contudit, et rugis peraravit anilibus ora.
te, et peraravit ora anilibus Totaque velatos flaventi corpora villo
rugis. Que misit velatos to- Misit in has sedes : nec non priùs abstulit usum
ta corpora flaventi villo in has
sedes ; nec non priùs abstulit Verborum, et natæ dira in perjuria linguæ. 25
usum verborum, et linguæ na- Posse queri tantùm rauco stridore relinquit.
tæ in dira perjurfa. Relinquit
tantùm posse queri rauco stri
dore.
NOTES.
26. Posse queri.] The power of complaining.

EXP. FAB. II. As Ovid in this fable does not more than mention the death
of Dido, and as that transaction is more perfectly related and illustrated
by Virgil, we shall be silent in regard to it.

FAB. III. SIBYLLA IN VOCEM .

Apollo is enamoured with the Sibyl, and to engage her to be kind, offers
her as many Years as she can grasp grains of Sand . She forgets to ask
that she may always continue in the bloom ofyouth, and instantly grows
grey and decrepit.
.
Ubi præteriit has, et dese- HAS ubi præteriit, et Parthenopeïa dextrâ
ruit Parthenopeïa monia dex
trâ ; intrat tumulum canori Monia deseruit ; lævâ de parte canori
Æolidæ de lævâ parte, et lit- Æolidæ tumulum, et loca fœta palustribus ulvis
tora Cumarum, loca foeta pa- Littora Cumarum, vivacisque antra Sibyllæ
lustribus ulvis, que antra viva- Intrat : et, ut manes adeat per Averna paternos.
cis Sibyllæ, et orat ut adeat Orat. At illa diu vultus tellure moratos 6
paternos manes per Averna.
At illa erexit vultus diu mo Erexit : tandemque Deo furibunda recepto,
ratos tellure; tandemque furi- Magna petis, dixit, vir factis maxime, cujus
bunda Deo recepto dixit, Pe- Dextera per ferrum, pietas spectata per ignes.
tis, vir maxime factis, magna, Pone tamen, Trojane, metum : potiêre petitis ;
cujus dextera spectata per fer
rum, cujus pietas spectata per Elysiasque domos, et regna novissima mundi 11
ignes. Tamen, Trojane, po- Me duce cognosces, simulacraque cara parentis,
ne metum ; potiêre petitis ;
que cognosces, Elysias domos
et novissima regna mundi, me duce, que cara simulacra parentis.
NOTES.
2. Parthenopeïa monia.] The city of Na 7. Fûribunda.] Like one in a phrensy."
ples, which was first called Parthenope, af Recepto Deo.] Being possessed by Apollo.
ter one of the Sirens, who was buried there. 9. Dextera.] Fortitude.
Eolida.] Of Misenus, the son of Æolus. Per ferrum ] By the sword, with which
66 Quo non præstantior alter, Eneas slew many of his enemies.
" Ære ciere"" viros, Martemque accendere Pietas. ] For Æneas took on his shoulders
cantu. through the flames of Troy, his household
Eneid VI. Whence the promontory was gods, and his father Anchises.
called Misenum. 11. Elysiasque domos. ] Elysium (as sup
4. Cumarum.] Cuma was a city of Cam posed by the poets) is a place in the lower
pania, and the most ancient in Italy and Si regions, where the souls of those who have
cily. lived well, are said to rest in felicity.
Vivacisque Sibyllæ. ] Who had lived 700 Novissima.] The last, i. e. the lowest,
years, as he relates. 12. Simulacraque.] This is agreeable to
5. Manes.] The soul of his father An the opinion of those who say man consists of
chises.
FAB. III. METAMORPHOSEON. 507

Invia virtuti nulla est via. Dixit : et auro Nulla via estinvia virtuti. Dix
it ; et monstravit ramum ful
Fulgentem ramum sylvâ Junonis Avernæ gentem auro sylvâ Avernæ
Monstravit: jussitque suo devellere trunco.
15 Junonis ; jussitque devellere
Paruit Æneas : et formidabilis Orci suo trunco. Æneas paruit ;
Vidit opes, atavosque suos, umbramque senilem et viditopes formidabilis Orci,
Magnanimi´Anchise : didicit quoque jura lo- que suos atavos, que senilem
umbram magnanimi Anchi
corum ; sæ : didicit quoque jura loco
Quæque novis essent adeunda pericula bellis. rum ; quæque pericula essent
Indè ferens lassos averso tramite passus, 20 adeunda novis bellis. Indè fe
Cum duce Cumæâ fallit sermone laborem. rens lassospassus aversotrami
te, fallit laborem sermone cùm
Dumque iter horrendum per opaca crepuscula Cumaâ duce. Dumque car
carpit ; pit horrendum iter per opaca
Seu Dea tu præsens, seu Dîs gratissima, dixit ; crepuscula ; dixit, Seu tu Dea
præsens, seu Dis gratissima,
Numinis instar eris semper mihi : meque fatebor semper eris instar Numinis
Muneris esse tui ; quæ me loca mortis adire, 25 mihi ; que fatebor me esse tui
Quæ loca me visæ voluisti evadere mortis. muneris: quæ voluisti me adi
re loca mortis, quæ me evade
Pro quibus aërias meritis evectus ad auras [ rem.
re loca visæ mortis . Pro qui
Templa tibi statuam ; tribuam tibi thuris hono bus meritis, evectus ad aërias
Respicit hunc vates, et suspiratibus haustis, auras, statuam tibi templa :
Nec Dea sum, dixit ; nec sacri thuris honore 30 tribuam honorem thuris tibi.
Vates respicithunc, et suspira
Humanum dignare caput. Neu nescius erres : tibus hausti dixit, Nec sum
s,
Lux æterna mihi, carituraque fine dabatur, Dea; nec dignare humanum
Si mea virginitas Phoebo patuisset amanti. caput honore sacri thuris. Neu
Dum tamen hanc sperat, dum præcorrumpere nescius erres ; lux æterna, ca
rituraque fine dabatur mihi,
donis
si meavirginitas patuissetPhœ
Me cupit ; Elige, ait, virgo Cumaa, quid optes : bo amanti. Tamen dum spe
廖
Optatis potiêre tuis. Ego pulveris hausti 36 rat hanc, dum cupit præcor
Ostendens cumulum, quot haberet corpora pul- rumpere
Cumaa virgo, quid ait,
me donis, Elige,
optes, po
Tot mihi natales contingere, vana rogavi. [ vis, tiêre tuis optatis. Ego osten
Excidit optaremjuvenes quoqueprotinus annos, dens cumulum hausti pulveris
Hos tamen ille mihi dabat, æternamque juven vana rogavi tot natales contin
tam , gére quot corpora pulvis habe
40 ret Excidit optarem quoque
protinus juvenes annos. Ta
men ille dabat hos mihi, æter
namque juventam,
NOTES.
three parts, soul, body, and image ; the soul 28. Tribuam.] I will sacrifice to you as to
they say mounts to heaven, the body returns a Goddess.
to the earth, and the image descends to the 29. Suspiratibus haustis.] Sighing griev
shades below. ously.
13. Invia, &c.] No way but what is pas 31. Humanum.] Mortal.
sable to true valour. Dignare.] Nor dignify.
14. Junonis, &c.] Of Proserpine, for the 32. Lux æterna.] Everlasting life, immor
grove which was nigh Avernus was dedicated tality.
to Pluto and Proserpine. 33. Patuisset.] Had been exposed, had
20. Inde, &c ] Returning fatigued from yielded.
the shades below.
36. Optatis, &c.] You shall obtain what
21. Fallit.] Diverts the fatigues of the ever you wish for.
journey, by his conversation with the Cu Hausti.] Thrown together.
mæan Sibyl. 38. Vana.] Foolishly.
24. Numinis, &c.] You shall be as a Deity 39. Excidit.] I forgot, it slipt my memory.
to me. Juvenes annos.] Youthful years.
25. Muneris, &c.] That I received mylife 40. Dabat hos. He would have given
from you. them.
508 F. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIV.

si paterer Venerem. Munere Si Venerem paterer. Contempto munere Phobi

Phoebi contempto, permaneo Innuba
innuba, Sed jam felicior ætas permaneo. Sed jam felicior ætas
dedit terga ; que ægra senectus Terga dedit, tremuloque gradu venit ægra se
venit tremulo gradu ; quæ est nectus ; [septem
diu patienda. Nam vides sep- Quæ patienda diu est. Nam jam mihi secula
tem secula jam acta mihi : su
perest ut æquem numeros pul- Acta vides superest, numeros ut pulveris æquem
veris, videre tercentum messes, Tercentum messes, tercentum musta videre. 47
tercentem musta. Tempus erit, Tempus erit, cùm me de tanto corpore parvam
cùm longa dies faciat me par- Longa dies faciat : consumptaque membra senecta
vam de tanto corpore ; que Ad minimum redigantur onus. Nec amata videbor,
membra consumpta senectâ re
digantur ad minimum onus. Nec placuisse Deo. Phoebus quoque forsitan ipse
Nec videbor amata, nec pla- Vel non agnoscet, vel dilexisse negabit.
euisse Deo. Quoque forsitan Usque adeo mutata ferar : nullique videnda, 58
Phoebus ipse vel non agnoscet, Voce tamen noscar.
vel negabit dilexisse. Usque Vocem mihi fata relin
adèo mutata ferar que viden quent.
da nullì, tamen noscar voce.
Fata relinquent vocem miki.

NOTES.

41. Si Venerem .] If I had admitted of his
embraces.
42. Innuba.] An unmarried virgin.
Felicior ætas.] My youth.
43. Terga dedit. ] Is fled.
Egra senectus.] Crazy old age.
44. Quæ patienda diu est.] Which I must
bear a long time.
Secula septem.] Seven hundred years. Se
culum is the space of a hundred years.
45. Superest.] It remains for me, I must live.
46. Tercentum. Three hundred years.

EXP. FAB. III. The Sibyls, and the books attributed to them, have much
engaged the attention of the best historians. They are said to contain many
of the mysteries of christianity, which can be no other than the pious fraud
of some zealot ; as it is not to be supposed that heathenish women should
speak in more clear and positive terms respecting our Saviour, and his doc
trines, than did Moses or any of the prophets. It is not to be doubted, but
in the early ages there were women who were consulted, and who by ob
scure sentences, afforded food for the imagination of those who were warm
in any undertaking, and these they interpreted agreeable to the bent of their
inclination ; they were prophetesses, and called the priestesses of Dodona
and Delphi.
The account that the ancient historians gave of the introduction of the
Sibylline books, has in it something so remarkable, that we cannot omit it ;
It is said that an old woman came to Rome, and presented to Tarquin the
proud, nine books, that contained the oracles of the Sibyls, demanding con
siderable sums for them, which the king refused ; on this she departed , and
having burned three of them, returned, and demanded the same sum for
what then remained ; which being refused, she burned three more, and again
returned, not abating in the least from what she first demanded, which did
not a little surprise Tarquin, and so raised his curiosity, that he purchased
them .
The Sibylline verses, which they consulted at Rome, inculcated nothing
but idolatry, and inhuman sacrifices ; whereas those we have now, teach
the worship ofthe true God, and the Incarnation of Jesus Christ, as related
in the
1. sacred writings.
 FAB, IV, METAMORPHOSEΩN , 509

FAB. IV. ULYSSES APUD LÆSTRYGONAS.

Eneas arrives at Cajeta in Italy. Achæmenides , an Ithacan, who was a

board his Ship, meets his old companion Macareus there, and relates
to him the danger he was in of being devoured by Polyphemus. Ma
careus then tells him, how Ulysses had received winds from King Æolus
in an Ox's Hide, and by that means had a prosperous voyage, till the
curiosity ofthe Sailors led them to open the Bag, when the winds rushing
out, raised such a storm as drove them back to Æolia, and afterwards
upon the coast of the Læstrygons .

TALIA convexum periter memorante Sibyllâ, Sibylla memorante talia per

# iter, Troïus Æneas
Sedibus Euboïcam Stygiis emergit in urbem convexum
by. emergit in Euboïcam urbem
Troïus Æneas ; sacrisque è more litatis, Stygiis sedibus ; sacrisque lita
Littora adit nondum nutricis habentia nomen. tis è more, adit littora nondum
Hic quoque substiterat post tædia longa laborum habentia nomen nutricis. Quo
Neritius Macareus, comes experientis Ulyssei . que Neritius Macareus, comes
experientis Ulyssei, substiterat
Desertum quondam mediis qui rupibus Ætnæ 6 hîc post longa tædia laborum.
Noscit Achæmeniden ; improvisoque repertum Qui noscit Achæmenidem,
Vivere miratus ; Qui te casusve, Deusve [ium quondam desertum mediis ru
pibus Ætnæ ; que miratus re
Servat, Achæmenide? Cur, inquit, barbara Gra- pertum vivere improviso, in
Prora vehit ? Petitur vestræ quæ terra carinæ ? quit, Achaemenide, Qui ca
Talia quærenti jam non hirsutus amictu, 12 susve, Deusve servat te ? Cur
barbara prora Graium vehit?
Jam suus ; et spinis conserto tegmine nullis, Quæ terra petitur vestræ ca
Fatur Achæmenides : Iterum Polyphemon, et il- rina ? Achæmenides non hir
Aspiciam fluidos humano sanguine rictus : [ los sutus, amictu, jam suús, et
Hac mihi si potior domus est Ithaceque carina ; tegmine conserto nullis spinis,
Si minùs Ænean veneror genitore. Nec unquam fatur talia quærenti
adspiciam : Iterum
Polyphemon et illos
Esse satis potero, præstem licèt omnia, gratus. rictus fluidos humano sangui
ne ; si Ithaca est potior domus
mihihâc carinâ ; que si veneror
Enean minùs genitore. Nec potero esse satis gratus, licet præstem omnia.

NOTES.

1. Memorante.] Relating. of Ulysses, should sail among the Trojans,

2. Euboïcam.] To Cuma, where in old
time, the Baotians established a colony.
4. Nutricis.] Of Cajeta, the nurse of Æ
neas, whose death gave name to the city and
harbour.
6. Neritius .] Of Ithaca, and so Ulysses
was called Dux Neritius, from Neritius, a
mountain of Ithaca.
Experientis Ulyssei,] Of Ulysses, that had
great experience, and suffered many hardships.
7. Desertum.] That had been left.
8. Achæmeniden.] Achemenides, who was
left by Ulysses among the Cyclops, and was
afterwards taken up by Æneas.
10. Servat.] Hath preserved ; for Macareus
thought he had been destroyed.
Cur, &c. ] Macareus admires that Achæme
pides, a Greek, and one of the companions
who were enemies to the Greeks ; and there
fore he calls the Trojan ship prora barbara.
11. Petitur, &c.] Whither are you bound?
12. Jam non, &c.] Not now in rough gar
ments, such as he wore when he lay hid in
Etna. The poet seems to allude to what is
said concerning Achæmenides, in Virgil's
IIIrd Æneid.
13. Suus.] Now again himself.
14. Iterum.] Achæmenides answers Maca
reus's question, " Cur barbara Graium prora
vehit ?" And intimates his obligations to Æ❤
neas.
Fluidos.] His mouth drenched in gore.
15. Aspiciam.] The imperative mood.
16. Si potior, &c. If Ithaca be a more
pleasant habitation to me than this ship. De
mus for Domicilium.
510 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIV.

( Possimne esse ingratuset im- Quòd loquor, et spiro ; cœlumque et sidera Solis
memor ?) quòd loquor, et spi- Respicio (possimne ingratus, et immemor esse ?)
ro, que respicio sidera et co- Ille dedit. Quòd non anima hæc Cyclopis in ora
tum Solis, ille dedit. Quòd
hæc anima non venit in ora Venit ; et ut lumen jam nunc vitale relinquam ;
Cyclopis : et ut jam nunc re- Aut tumulo, aut certe non illâ condar in alvo.
linquam vitale lumen : aut Quid mihi tunc animi (nisi si timor abstulit
condar tumulo, aut certè non
omnem [relictus
in illa alvo. Quid animi fuit
mihi tunc (nisi si timor abstu- Sensum animumque) fuit, cùm vos petere alta
lit omnem sensum animum- Æquora prospexi ? volui inclamare ; sed hosti 25
que) cùm relictus adspexi vos Prodere me timui : vestræ quoque clamor Ulyssis
petere alta Aquora ? volui in
"Penè rati nocuit. Vidi, cúm monte revulso
clamare, sed timui prode
re me hosti : quoquc clamor Immanem scopulum medias permisit in undas.
Ulyssis penè nocuit vestrærati. Vidi iterum, veluti tormenti viribus acta, 30
Vidi, cùm permisit imma- Vasta giganteo jaculantem saxa lacerto.
nem scopulum monte revulso
in medias undas. Iterum Et, ne deprimeret fluctusve lapisve carinam,
vidi jactantem vasta saxa acta Pertimui ; jam me non esse oblitus in illâ.
veluti viribus tormenti gigan- Ut verò fuga vos ab acerbâ morte removit ;
téo lacerto. Et pertimui ne Ille quidem totam fremebundus obambulat Æt
fluctusve lapisve deprimeret
carinam ; jam oblitus me non nam, 35
esse in illâ. Verò ut fuga re- Prætentatque manu sylvas : et luminis orbus
movit vos ab acerbâ morte : il- Pupibus incursat : fœdataque brachia tabo
le quidem fremebundus obam
bulat totam Ætnam, præten In mare protendens, gentem execratur Achivam.
tatque sylvas manu ; et orbus Atque ait : O si quis referat mihi casus Ulyssen,
luminis incursat rupibus ; que Aut aliquem è sociis, in quem mea sæviat ira, 40
protendens brachia foedata ta- Viscera cujus edam, cujus viventia dextrâ
bo in mare, execratur Achivam Membra meà laniem, cujus mihi sanguis inundet
gentem. Atque ait, O si quis
casus referat Ulyssen mihi aut Guttur ; et elisi trepident sub dentibus artus ;
aliquem è sociis, in quem mea Quàm nullum, aut leve sit damnum mihi lucis
ira sæviat cujus viscera edam, ademptæ ! 44
cujus viventia membra laniem Hæc et plura ferox . Me luridus occupat horror,
mea dextrâ, sanguis cujus in
undet guttur mihi ; et artus
elisi trepident sub dentibus ; quàm nullumaut leve sit damnum ademptæ lucis ! Ferox dixit
hæc et plura. Luridus horror occupat me,

NOTE.

19. Quod loquor, &c.] Achæmenides ac
knowledges he was indebted for his life to
Æneas, and every thing else.
22. Lumen, &c. ] If I were to die this
moment.
23. Aut certè.] A correction of the former
expression, for he might have been lost at sea.
Non condar.] I should not be buried.
Illa alvo.] The Cyclop's paunch.
24. Quid, &c.] What were then my
thoughts ?
29. Permisit. ] He threw.
30. Tormenti. ] A warlike engine, so called
oftorquendo, i. e. throwing stones with force.
Acta. ] Driven forward.
31. Giganteo lacerto.] His gigantic form.
32. Deprimeret.] He should sink.
Fluctusve.] Raised by the falling of the
rock into the sea.
35. Jam me, &c.] I was in as great a
fright as if I had been on board.
34. Removit.] Delivered.
36. Prætentatque ] Gropes as blind men
are used to do.
Luminis orbns.] Deprived of his eye,
57. Rupibus incursat.] He stumbles at the
stones.
Tabo.] With the gore ofthe bodies he had
devoured.
38. Execratur.] He curses.
39. Referat.] Would bring back.
40. Sæviat.] Might exercise itself.
42. Laniem.] I might tear.
Inundet.] Might drench.
45. Artus elisi.] Bruised limbs.
44. Lucis.] Of my eye.
45. Hæc. ] sc. Locutus.
Luridus.] Wan,
FAB. IV. METAMORPHOSEON. 511

Spectantem vultus etiamnum cæde madentes spectantem vultus etiamnum

Crudelesque manus, et inanem luminis orbem, madentes cæde, crudelesque
Membraque , et humano concretam sanguine minis, et orbem ,inanem
manus, membraque lu
et barban
barbam.
[lorum. concretam humano sanguine.
Mors erat ante oculos; minimum tamen illa ma- Mors erat ante oculos ; tamen
Etjam prensurum, jam jam mea viscera rebar illa minimum malorum. Et
jam rebar illum pressurumme,
In sua mersurum ; mentique h rebat imago 51 jam jammersurum mes viscera
Temporis illius, quo vidi bina meorum in sua que imago illius tem
Ter quater affligi sociorum corpora terræ. poris hærebat animo, quo vidi
Quæ super ipse jacens, hirsuti more leonis, 1 bina corpora meorum socio
affligi ter quater terræ.
Visceraque, et carnes oblisisque ossa medullis, 55 rum Super quæ ipse jacens, more
Semanimesque artus avidam condebat in alvum . hirsuti leonis, condebat visce
Me tremor invasit. Stabam sinè sanguine moestus : raque et carnes, que essa
Mandentemque videns, ejectantemque cruentas oblisis medullis, semanimesque
artus in avidam alvum. Tre
Ore dapes, et frusta mero glomerata vomentem : mor invasit me. Stabam mo
Talia fingebam misero mihi fata parari. 60 stus sine sanguine ; que videns
Perque dies multos latitans, omnemque tremis- mandentem, ejectantemque
cens cruentas
morir i, tem dapes
frusta ore, et vomen
glomerata mero :
Ad strepitum, mortemque timens, cupidusque singebam talia fata parari mi
Glandefamein pellens, et mistâ frondibus herbâ, sere mihi. Que latitans per
Solus, inops, exspes, letho pœnæque relictus. multos dies, que tremiscens
ad omnem strepitum, que
Haud procul adspexi, longo post tempore, navim: timens mortem, cupidusque
Oravique fugam gestu, ad littusque cucurri :66 morîri, pellens famem glande,
Et movi : Graiumque ratis Trojana recepit.[sus, etherba mistâ frondibus, solus,
Tu quoque pande tuos, comitum gratissime, ca- inops , exspes, relictus letho,
pœnæque, haud procul adspexi
Et ducis, et turbæ, quæ tecum credita ponto est. navim longo post tempore ;
Æolon ille refert Tusco regnare profundo; 70 oravique fugam gestu, que
Eolon Hippotaden , cohibentem carcere ventos : concurri ad littus. Et movi
Quos bovis inclusos tergo, memorabile munus, nautas: que Trojana ratis
recepit Graium. Tu quoque,
Dulichium sumpsisse ducem : flatûque secundo gratissime comitum, pande
Lucibus isse novem, et terram aspexisse petitam : tuos casus, et ducis et turbæ,
Proxima post nonam cum sese Aurora moveret ; quæ credita est ponto tecum.
İlle refert olon regnare pro
fundo Tusco ; Hippotadem Æolon cohibentem ventos carcere : quos, memorabile munus,
inclusos tergo bovis Dulichium ducem sumpsisse ab Eolo : que isse novem lucibus secunde
flatu, et aspexisse petitam terram : cum Aurora proxima post nonam moveret sese ;
a Hanc.

NOTES.

46. Cæde. ] With slaughter:
47. Inanem luminis. ] Without the eye.
48. Membraque.] sc. Vasta.
49. Minimum. ] sc. Erat.
50. Rebar.] I thought,
51. Hærebat . ] Dwelt upon.
53. Affligi terræ.] Dashed against the
ground.
56. Semanimesque.] Halfdead.
Avidam, &c.] Buried in his greedy paunch.
57. Sine sanguine ] Pale.
59. Frusta.] The pieces of flesh .
Glomerata.] Mixed with the wine that
Ulysses had given him,
60. Talia fata. ] Such a death.
62. Moriri.] To die.
63. Glande.] Feeding upon acorns, grass,
and herbs.
64. Exspes.] Hopeless.
67. Movi. ] I wrought upon them, I per
suaded them to take me in.
Graiumque ] A Greek, q. d. an enemy.
€8. Tu.] Thou Macareus.
70. Eolon.] See above, Fab. ii. ver. 11.
Tusco.] In the sea of Tuscany.
72. Tergo bovis.] In a bottle or bag made
ofthe hide of an ox or bull.
75. Dulichium Ducem.] See Lib. XIII.
74. Novem lucibus. ] Nine days.
Terram petitam.] Ithaca.
75. Proxima, &c.] The tenth day,
 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIV.
512 ' 1

mocios ductos invidiâ, que cu- Invidiâ socios prædæque cupidine ductos, 76
pidine prædæ, ratos esse au- Esse ratos aurum, dempsisse ligamina ventis :
rum inclusum uteri, dempsisse
Cum quibus îsse retro, per quas modò venerat
ligamina ventis : cum quibus
ratem îsse retro, per quas Æoliique ratem portus repetîsse tyranni. [undas,
undas modo venerat, que Inde Lami veterem Læstrygonis, inquit, in urbem
repetisse portus Æolii tyranni Venimus. Antiphates terrâ regnabat in illâ.81
inquit,
Indè,urbem
rem venimus
Lami in vete Missus ad hunc ego sum, numero comitante
Læstrygonis,
Antiphates regnabat in illâ duorum :
terrâ . Ego summissus
comitante numero ad hunc,; Vixque fugâ quæsita salus comitique mihique.
duorum
salus vix quæsi ta fuga comiti- Tertius è nobis Læstrygonis impia tinxit
ue
que mihiq : tertiu s è nobis Ora cruore suo : fugientibus instat, et agmen 85
tinxit impia ora Læstrygonis Concitat Antiphates. Coëunt, etsaxa trabesque
suo cruore : instat fugientibus Continuant : a merguntque viros, merguntque
Antiphates, et concitat agmen. carinas :
Coëunt, et continuant saxa
trabesque : merguntque vi- Una tamen, quæ nos ipsumque vehebat Ulyssen,
ros, merguntque carinas : Effugit. Amissâ sociorum parte, dolentes,
tamen una que Ulyssen ip. Multaque conquesti terris allabimur illis
vehebat nos, 90
socioru m, Quas procul hinc cernis. Procul hinc tibi
sum. Amissa parte
dolentes, que conquesti multa (cerne) videnda est.
allabimur illis terris quas cer- Insula visa mihi. Tuque ô justissime Troûm,
nis procul hinc, (Cerne) Deâ (neque enim finito Marte vocandus
insula videnda est tibi procul Nate
visa mihi. Tuque, ôjustissime Hostis es, Ænea) moneo, fuge littora Circes.
Troùm, nate deâ (enim ne
que, Ænea, es vocandus hostis,
Marte finite) moneo, fuge
littora Circes.
• Conjiciunt. b procul hinc tibi credo, &c.

NOTES.
77. Ratos esse aurum. ] Supposing there
was gold enclosed in the bag.
Dempsisse ligamina.] Took off the ban
dage, let the winds loose.
79. Portus repetisse.] The ship is return
ed to the port of Æolus.
80. Lami.] A very ancient king of the
Læstrygoni, the son of Neptune, who built
the city afterwards called Formi.
81. Antiphates.] Homer speaks of this
Antiphates, Odyss. Lib. X. He was a very
savage king of the Læstrygoni. Av0pw
Topayos , i. e . a man-eater.
83. Vixque.] Ulysses being cast upon An
tiphates's shore, sent three of his companions
to him, one of whom he devoured, and the
other two escaped with difficulty.
84. Læstrygonis.] Of Antiphates.
Tinxit.] Stained.
85. Agmen.] A body of his men.
86. Concitat.] He calls together,
Cocunt ] They assemble.
90. Illis Terris.] We sailed to these lands
which you see at a distance, pointing to the
promontory of Circe, concerning which Vir
gil speaks in his VIIth Æneid.
91. Procul.] For it is not safe to approach
nearer.
93. Nate deâ.] Of Æneas.
Marte.] War, a metonymy ofthe efficient.

EXP. FAB. IV. The different incidents which are mentioned in this Fa
ble have their foundation in real facts that have happened. The danger
Ulysses and his companions were in of being devoured by Polyphemus, re
spects the ill usage they met with from the Cyclopes in Sicily. The story
of Ulysses receiving the winds from Eolus, alludes to the knowledge he
had in their current and nature.
FAB. V. SOCII ULYSSIS IN FERAS. IIDEM IN HOMINES,
Achæmenides lands in the island of Circe ; and is dispatched with some
of his companions to the Queen's Palace, She gives them a very fa
vourable reception, makes them drink of a certain delicious liquor, and
FAB. V. METAMORPHOSEON. 513

after touching them with her Wand, they are immediately transformed
into Swine. Eurylochus, who had refused to drink, gives Ulysses
notice ; who immediately comes to court, and obliges the Queen to re
store his companions to their former state.

NOS quoque Circæo religatâ in littore pinu, in Nos quoque pinu religatâ
Circæo littore, memores
Antiphate memores immansuetique Cyclo- Antiphate , immansuetique
pis, Cyclopis, negabamus ire ; et
Ire negabamus : et tecto ignota subire. subire ignota tecta. Sumus
lecti sorte. Sors misit me, fi
Sorte sumus lecti. Sors me, fidumque Polyten,
dumque Polyten, que simul
Eurylochumque simul, nimiique Elpenora vini, Eurylochum, que Elpenora
Bisque novem socios, Circæa ad monia misit. 6 nimii vini, bisque novem so
Quæ simul attigimus stetimusque in limine tecti ; cios, ad Circaa monia. Quæ
simul attigimus, stetimusque
Mille lupi, mistæque lupis ursæque leæque, in limine tecti ; mille lupi, ur
Occursu fecêre metum : sed nulla timenda, sæque, leæque, mistæ lupis fe
Nullaque erat nostro factura in corpore vulnus. cêre metum occursu : sed nul
Quin etiam blandas movère per aëra caudas. 11 la timenda, nullaque vulnus
erat factura in nostro corpore.
Nostraque adulantes comitant vestigia : donec Quin etiam movêre blandas
Excipiunt famulæ, perque atria marmore tecta caudas per aëra, que adulantes
Ad dominam ducunt. Pulchro sedet illa recessu comitant nostra vestigia, do
Sublimi a solio ; pallamque induta nitentem , 15 nec atriafamula
tecta excipiunt, perque
marmore ducunt
Insuper aurato circumvelatur amictu . nos ad dominam. Illa sedet
Nereïdes Nymphæque simul, quæ vellera motis pulchro recessu, sublimi solio ;
Nulla trahunt digitis, nec fila sequentia ducunt ; que induta nitentem pallam,
Gramina disponunt ; sparsosque sinè ordine flores insuper circumvelatur aurato
Secernunt calathis, variasque coloribus herbas. amictu. Que Nereïdes Nym
phæ simul, quæ trahunt nul
Ipsa quod hæ faciunt, opus exigit : ipsa quid la vellera motis digitis, nec
usus ducunt sequentia fila ; dispo
Quoque sit in folio, quæ sit concordia mistis nunt gramina ; que secernunt
flores sparsos sinè ordine ca
Novit:: et advertens pensas examinat herbas. lathis,
que herbas varias colo
Hæc ubi nos vidit, dictâ acceptaque salute, ribus. Ipsa exigit opus quod
Diffudit vultus, et reddidit omnia votis. 23 hæ faciunt : quoque ipsa no
vit quid usus sit in folio, quæ
Nec mora ; misceri tosti jubet hordea grani, concordia sit mistis ; et adver
tens examinat pensas herbas.
Ubi hæc vidit nos, salute dic
tâ acceptâque, diffudit vultus
et reddidit omnia votis. Nec mora ; jubet hordea tosti grani misceri
a Solenni.

NOTES.
1. Pinu.] The Ship, a Metonymy of the 13. Marmore.] Laid over with Marble.
Matter. 14. Illa.] Circe. 1
2. Immansuetique Cyclopis.] The inhuman 16. Aurato amictu .] A mantle embroidered
Cyclops. with Gold.
3. Ire negabamus.] We would not go. 19. Gramina. ] Herbs.
5. Simul. ] Also. 20. Secernunt.] They sort or distribute.
7. Tecti.] Of the House. 21. Quid usus.] What virtue.
8. Mille.] Many. A finite Number for an22. In folio.] In every Leaf.
infinite.-Leaque.] Lionesses. 23. Pensas. Weighed. Medicine cannot
9. Nulla. sc. ferarum. be rightly compounded, unless the Ingredients
Timenda.] Because they were not of a sa
be rightly proportioned.
vage nature, having been formerly Men or 25. Diffudit vultus.] She clented up her
Women . Countenance .- Reddidit omniaveis.] Grant
12. Comitant, &c.] An Old Word, for ed every thing to our Wishes.
comitantur.
Uuu
514 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIV.

que adjicit mella, vimque me- Mellaque, vimque meri, cum lacte coagula passo,
ri,
quecum lacte
succos qui passo
lateantcoagula,
furtim Quique sub hâc lateant furtim dulcedine, succos
sub hâc dulcedine. Accipi- Adjicit. Accipimus sacrâ data pocula dextrâ.
mus pocula data sacrâ dextrâ. Quæ simul arenti sitientes hausimus ore, 30
Qua simul sitientes hausimus Et tetigit summos virgâ Dea dira capillos ;
arenti ore, et dira Dea tetigit ( Et pudet, et referam) setis horrescere cœpi,
summos capillos virgâ (et pu
det, et referam) cœpi horres. Nec jam posse loqui ; pro verbis edere raucum
cere setis, nec jam posse loqui Murmur ; et in terram toto procumbere vultu;
edere raucum murmur pro Osque meum sensi pando occallescere rostro, 35
verbis ; et procumbere in ter- Colla tumere toris, et quâ modò pocula parte
ram toto vultu ; que sensi os
meum occallescere pando ros- Sumpta mihi fuerant, illâ vestigia feci.
tro : colla tumere toris, et quâ Cumque eadem passis (tantùm medicamina pos
parte pocula fuerant sumpta
sunt)
mihi modò, feci vestigia illâ.
Cumque passis eadem (tantùm Claudor harâ, solumque suis caruisse figurâ
medicamina possunt) claudor Vidimus Eurylochum : solus data pocula fugit.
harâ, que vidimus Eurylo- Quæ nisi vitasset, pecoris pars una a maneret 4.1
chumsolum caruisse figurâ su Nunc quoque setigeri : nec tantæ cladis ab illo
is : solus fugit data pocula.
Quæ nisi vitâsset, nunc quo- Certior ad Circen ultor venisset Ulysses .
que maneret una pars setige- Pacifer huic dederat florem Cyllenius album ;
ri pecoris : nec Ulysses certi Moly vocant superi. Nigrâ radice tenetur. 45
or ab illo venisset ad Circem Tutus eo, monitisque simul cœlestibus, intrat
ultor tantæ cladis. Pacifer
Cyllenius dederat album flo- Ille domum Circes : et ad insidiosa vocatus
rem huic : Superi vocant Mo- Pocula, conantem virgâ mulcere capillos
ly. tutus
Ille eo, quenigrâ
Tenetur simul radice.
coles- Reppulit et stricto pavidam deterruit ense.
tibus monitis, intrat domum Indè fides, • dextræque datæ : thalamoque re
Circes: et vocatus ad insidi ceptus, 50
osa
nantepocula, reppulit
m mulce illam
re capill co Conjugii dotem sociorum corpora poscit .
os vit
gâ : et deterruit pavidam stric- Spargimur innocuæ succis melioribus herbæ,
to ense. Indè fides, dextræ- Percutimurque caput conversæ verbere virgæ :
que datæ : que recept us tha Verbaque dicuntur dictis contraria verbis . 54
poscit corpo
lamo,inefigure
prist ra socio
dote rum- Quò magis illa canit, magis hoc tellure levati
m conju hôc
gii. Spargimur innocuæ succis Erigimur : setæque cadunt, bifidosque relinquit
melioribus herbæ, percutimur- Rima pedes . Redeunt humeri : subjecta lacertis
que caput verbere conversæ
virgæ : verbaque dicuntur
contraria dictis verbis. Quò
illa canit magis, magis erigimur levati tellure hôc : setæque cadunt, que rima relinquit bifi
dos pedes. Humeri redeunt : brachią sunt subjecta lacertis.
a manerem. b ignotæ.

NOTES.
26. Hordea.] Parched barley. 44. Pacifer.] Mercury bears an iron Mace,
32. Horrescere.] To become rough and which is a sign of Peace. See what is noted
ན as to this, in Lib . II.
prickly.
7 35. Pando rostro.] In a round Snout. 45. Moly.] Concerning the Herb called
Occallescere. ] To harden. Moly, read Homer.
36. Colla, &c.] To become brawny. 50. Thalamoque.] Into Circe's Bedcham
Quâ. ] The hand in which I had received ber.
the Cup was turned into a Fore-foot. 51. Dotem conjugii.] As a reward for his
38. Cum passis, &c. ] I am shut up in a Caresses. Sociorum, &c. ] That she should
hog-stye with my Companions that had suf restore the Bodies of his Companions to their
fered with me. former Shape.
41. Maneret.] He had been. 53. Percutimur caput.] Our Heads are
42. Certior ab illo. ] sc. Factus. For he stroked.
went away to acquaint Ulysses with it. 55. Magis.] By so much the more.
 FAB. VI. METAMORPHOSEON. 515

Brachia sunt. Flentem flentes amplectimur Nos flentes amplectimur illum

illum, 58 flentem, hæremusque collo du
cis : nec sumus locuti ulla ver
Hæremusque ducis collo : nec verba locuti ba priora, quàm testantia nos
Ulla priora sumus, quàm nos testantia gratos. gratos. Annua mora tenuit
Annua nos illic tenuit mora : multaque præsens nos illic : que præsens vidi
multa tam longo tempore :
Tempore tam longo vidi : multa auribus hausi. hausi multa auribus. Audivi
Hoc quoque cum multis, quod clàm mihi ret- hoc quoque cum multis, quod
tulit una 63 una è quatuor famulis retulit
mihi clàm, paratis ad talia sa
Quatuor è famulis, ad talia sacra paratis.
cra. Namque dùm Circe mo
Cum duce namque meo Circe dùm sola moratur , ratur sola cum meo duce, illa
Illa mihi niveo factum de marmore signum 66 ostendit mihi juvenile signum
factum de niveo màrmore, ge
Ostendit juvenile, gerens in vertice Picum, rens Picum in vertice, positum
Æde sacrâ positum, multisque insigne coronis. sacrâ æde, que insigne multis
Quis foret, et quare sacrâ coleretur in æde, coronis. Ait mihi quærenti
Cur hanc ferret avem quærenti, et scire vo- et volenti scire, quis foret, et
lenti , [sit quare coleretur in sacrâ æde,
cur ferret hanc avem, Maca
Accipe, ait, Macareu : dominæque potentia quæ reu accipe : que disce hinc
Hinc quoque disce meæ. Tu dictis adjice men- quoque, quæ sit potentia mem
tem . 72 dominæ. Tu adjice mentem
dictis.
NOTES.

58. Illum.] sc. Ulyssem. Paratis.] Instructed.

59. Nec verba, &c.] By the first words we 65. Cum duce.] With Ulysses .
uttered, we testified a grateful sense of our 66. Illa. ] The female attendant.
deliverance. Signum.] A statue. "
63. Hoc, &c.] Macareus relates to Acho 68. Insigne. ] Adorned.
menides, the wonderful transformation of Pi 71. Accipe.] Learn.
›cus into a bird of his own name. Dominæque.] Of Circe.
64. Ad talia.] sc. Magica. 72. Adjice mentem.] Be attentive.

EXP. FAB. V. Ulysses, while he was at the court of the princess Circe,
abandoned himself to a luxurious life, which he recovered from on reflect
ing how much it was beneath him, and how prejudicial to his glory. The
plant Moly, said to be given him by Mercury, emblematically represents
the good sense he was master of; and the fiction of his companions being
turned into swine, expresses the voluptuous manner in which they lived.
The allegory of the Prodigal Son, which we meet with in the New Tes
tament, gives a most lively representation of that melancholy state to which
the excesses of a debauched life tend, and in which the Fable just men 1
tioned has its foundation.

FAB. VI. & VII. PICUS IN AVEM. SOCII EJUS IN FERAS.

Circe being enamoured with Picus, the son of Saturn, and king of Italy,
and finding it impossible to shake his constancy to his wife Canens,
transforms him into a Wood pecker and his retinue into several sorts of
creatures. Canens pines away with grief for the loss of her husband
and the place where she disappeared has since bore her name.
PICUS in Ausoniis proles Saturnia terris Picus, Saturnia proles, fuit
rex in Ausoniis terris, studio
Rex fuit, utilium bello studiosus equorum. sus equorum utilium bello.

NOTE.
1. Proles Saturnia. ] The son of Saturn.
616 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIV.

Forma quam cernis erat viro. Forma viro, quam cernis, erat. Licet ipse de
Licet ipse adspicias decorem , corem
que probes veramformam Pici
fictâ imagine. Animus par Adspicias, fictâque probes ab imagine veram .
formæ. Nec adhuc poterat Par animus formæ. Nec adhuc spectâsse per
per annos spectâsse quater annos [nam .
quinquennem pugnam Graiâ
Elide. Ille verterat Dryadas Quinquenne m poterat Graiâ quater Elide pug
ortas in Latiis montibus in Ille suos Dryadas Latiis in montibus ortas 7
suos vultus : Naïades fontana Verterat in vultus : illum fontana petebant
Numina petebant illum ; quas Numina Naïades ; quas Albula, quasque Nu
Albula, quasque Numici,
quasque aquæ Anienis, que mici, [Almo,
Almo brevissimus cursu, que Quasque Anienis aquæ, cursûque brevissimus
præceps Nar tulit ; et Farfa
rus amœnæ umbræ ; quæque Narque tulit præceps , et amœnæ Farfarus um
colunt nemorale regnum Scy bræ ; [Dianæ,
thicæ Dianæ, finitimosque la- Quæque colunt Scythicæ a regnum nemorale
cus. Tamen ille fovet unam Finitimosque lacus. Spretis tamen omnibus
Nymphen, omnibus spretis,
quam Venilia dicitur peperisse unam [Palati
quondam Ionio Jano in colle Ille fovet Nymphen, quam quondam in colle
Palati. Ubi hæc primùm Dicitur 6 Ionio peperisse Venilia Jano. 15
mauturit nubilibus annis, tra- Hæc, ubi nubilibus primùm maturuit annis,
dita est Laurenti Pico præpo
sito cunctis. Quidem rara Præposito cunctis Laurenti tradita Pico est :
facie, sed rarior arte canendi : Rara quidem facie, sed rarior arte canendi ;
unde est dicta Canens. Sole- Unde Canens dicta est. Sylvas et saxa movere,
bat movere sylvas et saxa, et
mulcere feras, et morari longa Et mulcere feras, et flumina longa morari 20
flumina suo ore, que retinere Ore suo, volucresque vagas retinere solebat .
vagas volucres , Qua dùm Quæ dùm foemineâ modulatur carmina voce,
modulatur carmina foemineâ Exierat tecto Laurentes Picus in agros,
voce, Picus exierat tecto in
Laurentes agros, fixurus indi- Indigenas fixurus apros : tergumque premebat
genas apros : que premebat Acris equi ; lævâque hastilia bina ferebat, 25
tergum acris equi ; que fere- Poeniceam fulvo chlamyden contractus ab auro.
bat bina hastilia læva, contrac
tus Pœniceam chlamyden ab
fulvo auro.
a stagnum. b ancipiti.

NOTES.
3. Forma, &c.] He was as beautiful as his
statue.
5. Nec adhuc, &c. ] He had not yet reached
his twentieth year The Olympic games were
celebrated every fifth year at Elis, and Picus
had not yet opportunity to be present at four
of those games .
7. Ille, &c.] He had captivated the
nymphs ofthe woods and rivers.
9. Albula.] Tiber, which was anciently
called Albula, from the colour of its water.
Numici .]. A river of the country of Lau
rentia, into which, as it is reported, Æneas
fell.
10. Anienis.] Anio : a river of Latium,
not far from the Tiber.- -Almo.] A river
not far from the city of Rome.
11. Narque . ] Nar is a river of Umbria,
that runs into the Tiber.
Farfarus.] A river of the Sabines.
12. Scythica Dianæ.] In Scythia, human
blood was offered in sacrifice to Diana ; but
the Romans abhorring the inhumanity ofthe
custom, abolished it.- Regnum.] The priest
hood of Diana was called a kingdom ; and
the priest a king. Statius in Sylvis.
15. Venilia ] She was the wife of Janus,
an ancient king of Italy, who was worshipped
as a God by the Romans.
18. Rara facie. ] Distinguished beauty.
19. Canens.] Because of her excellent skill
in singing.
20. Morari.] Stop.
21. Ore suo.] With her song.
23. Exierat tecto. ] He had gone out of
his house.
Laurentes.] The Laurentines were a people
of Latium, so called from the city Laurentum.
24. Fixurus.] To strike with a spear.
25. Acris equi.] Of a mettled horse.
26. Poeniceam. ] Purple -Ab auro.] Hav
ing his cloak fastened with a clasp.
FAB. VI. METAMORPHOSEΩN. 517

Venerat in sylvas et filia Solis easdem : Et filia Solis venerat in eas

sylvas : utque legeret
Utque novas legeret fœcundis collibus herbas : dem novas herbas fœcundis colli
Nomina dicta suo Circæa reliquerat a arva. 29 bus ; reliquerat arva dicta Cir
Quæ simul ac juvenem virgultis abdita vidit ; cæa suo nomine. Quæ simul
Obstupuit. Cecidêre sinu, quas legerat, herba : ac abdita virgultis vidit juve
nem ; obstupuit. Herbæ quas
Flammaque per totas visa est errare medullas. legerat cecidêre sinu : flam
Ut primum valido mentem collegit ab æstu ; maque visa est errare per to
tas medullas . Ut primum
Quid cuperet, fassura fuit. Ne posset adire,
Cursus equi fecit, circumfususque satelles. 35 collegit mentem ab valido
æstu ; fuit fassura, quid cupe
Non tamen effugies, vento rapiare licebit, ret. Cursus equi fecit, ne
Si modò me novi ; si non evanuit omnis posset adire, que satelles cir
cumfusus, Tamen non effu
Herbarum virtus, et me mea carmina fallunt.
gies, licebit rapiare vento ; si
Dixit : et effigiem nullo cum corpore falsi 39 modò novi me ; si non omnis
Finxit apri : præterque oculos transcurrere regis virtus herbarum evanuit, et
Jussit, et in densum trabibus nemus ire videri ; mea carminafallunt me. Bix
it : et finxit effigiem falsi apri
Plurima quà sylva est, et equo loca pervia non cum nullo corpore : que jussit
sunt. [bram transcurrere præter oculos re
Haud mora : continuò prædæ petit inscius um- gis, et videri ire in nemus
Picus ; equique celer fumantia terga relinquit. densum trabibus ; quà sylva est
Spemque sequens vanam, sylvâ pedes errat in alta. plurima, et loca non sunt per
via equo. Haud mora ; con
Concipit illa preces ; et verba venefica dicit : tinuò Picus inscius petit um
Ignotosque Deos ignoto carmine adorat, 47 bram prædæ ; que celer relin
Quò solet et niveæ vultum c confundere Lunæ, quit fumantia terga equi. Que
sequens vanam spem, errat
Et patrio capiti bibulas subtexere nubes. pedes in altâ sylvâ. Illa con
Tum quoque cantato densatur carmine cœlum , cipit preces, et dicit venefica
Et nebulas exhalat humus ; cæcisque vagantur verba. Que adorat ignote
carmine ignotos Deos, quo so
Limitibus comites : et abest custodia regi. 52 let et confundere vultum ni
Nacta locum tempusque, Per, ô, tua lumina, veæ Lunæ, et subtexere bibu
dixit, [formam, las nubes pa trio capiti. Tum
Quæ mea ceperunt, perque hanc, pulcherrime, quoque cœlum densatur car
mine cantato, et humus ex
Quæ facit ut supplex tibi sim Dea, consule nostris halat nebulas : que comites
Javour vagantur cæcis limitibus ; et
custodia abest regi. Circe nacta locum tempusque, dixit, O pulcherrime, per tua lumina quæ
· seperunt me, perque hanc formam, quæ facit ut Dea, ego licet sim supplex tibi, consule nostris
a antra. b rapidus. c deducere.

NOTES.
27. Filia.] Circe.
29. Circæa.] The Circæan mountain took
its name from Circe.
30. Abdita.] Lying hid."
31. Obstupuit.] Circe was amazed at the
beauty of Picus.
33. Valido ab æstu. ] Her powerful passion.
35. Satelles.] His guards and attendants
that were about him.
36,Licebit rapiare.] Although you should
be borne away.
37. Me novi. ] If I know myself.
39. Falsi apri.] She framed a phantom of
a boar.
41. Trabibus.] The thickest part of the
forest.
43. Inscius. Not knowing that he pursued
a phantom.
45. Spemque vanam. ] A shadow without
a body.- -Errat.] Wanders .
47. Ignoto carmine.] In unintelligible
words.
48. Quo solet.] With a magical verse, with
whichthe common people believed that witches
could darken the Moon, and bring her down
from Heaven.- Confundere.] Veil.
50. Densatur.] The air is gathered into a
cloud, as Virgil says in 5th Æneid.
51. Cæcisque.] Unknown.
52. Abest custodia regi. ] The king is left
without a guard.
53. Lumina.] Those eyes which have in
flamed me.
55. Tibi.] To thee, who art a mortal.
Consule.] Favour.
518 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIV.

ignibus, et accipe Solem, qui Ignibus ; et socerum, qui pervidet omnia, Solem
pervidet omnia, socerum : nec Accipe : nec durus Titanida despice Circen.
durus despice Titanida Cir- Dixerat : Ille ferox, ipsamque, precesque re
cen. Dixerat : Ille ferox
repellit ipsamque, precesque : pellit ; [captum
et ait, Quæcunque es, non sum Et, Quæcunque es, sit, non sum tuus : altera
tuus : altera tenet me captum Me tenet ; et teneat per longum comprecor æ
et comprecor teneat per lon
gum ævum. Nec lædam so vum . 60
cialia fœdera externâ Venere ; Nec Venere externâ socialia fædera lædam ;
dum fata servabuntJanigenam Dum mihi Janigenam servabunt fata Canentem.
Canentem mihi. Titania, pre- Sæpe retentatis precibus Titania frustra,
eibus sæpe retentatis frustra,
ait, Non feres impuné, neque Non impunê feres, neque enim reddêre Canenti;
enim reddêre Canenti : que Læsaque quid faciat, quid amans, quid fœmina,
disces rebus quid læsa, quid disces 65
foemina, quid amans faciat :
sed Circe læsa et amans et Rebus, ait ; sed amans, et læsa, et fœmina Circe.
fœmina. Tum convertit se Tum bis ad occasum, bis se convertit ad ortus;
bis ad occasum, bis ad ortus: Ter juvenem baculo tetigit ; tria carmina dixit.
tetigit ter juvenem baculo : Ille fugit, sese solito velociùs ipse
dixit tria carmina. Ille fugit,
ipse miratus sese currere ve Currere miratus, pennas in corpore vidit ; 70
locius solito more, vidit pen- Seque novam subito Latiis accedere sylvis
nas se
tus in subito
corporeaccedere
: que indigna-
novam Indignatus avem, duro fera robora rostro
avem Latiis sylvis, figit fera Figit : et iratus longis dat vulnera ramis .
robora duro rostro : et iratus Purpureum chlamydis pennæ traxêre colorem.
dat vulnera longis ramis. Pen- Fibulaque quod fuerat, vestemque momorderat
næ traxere purpureum colo 75
rem chlamydis. Aurum quod aurum,
fuerat fibula, que momorde- Pluma fit : et fulvo cervix præcingitur aurò.
rat vestem, fit pluma : et cer- Nec quicquam antiqui Pico, nisi nomina, restat.
vix præcingitur fulvo auro. Intereâ comites, clamato sæpe per agros
Nec quicquam restat
Pico, nisi nomina. Intereà co- Nequicquam Pico, nullâque in parte reperto,
mites, Pico clamato nequic- Inveniunt Circen ( nam jam tenuaverat auras ; 80
quam sæpe per agros, que re- Passaque erat nebulas ventis ac sole resolvi)
perto in nulla parte, inveniunt Criminibusque premunt veris, regemque repos
Circen (nam jam tenuaverat
auras ; passaque erat nebulas cunt,
resolvi ventis ac sole) que Vimque ferunt ; sævisque parant incessere telis.
premunt veris criminibus, que
reposcunt regem, que ferunt vim ; que parant incessere sævis telis.

NOTES.
57. Durus.] Cruel.
59. Quæcunque.] Picus says this with an
airof contempt, as if he should say, If you
are the daughter, not only of the Sun, but
of Jupiter himself.
61. Venere.] With unlawful love.
Socialia fœdera.] The conjugal tie.
62. Janigenam.] My wife who is born of
Janus.
63. Retentatis.] Reiterated, repeated over
and over.
64. Non impune feres.] You shall not go
unpunished.- Reddêre. ] Thou shalt not be
restored to Canens.
65. Disces.] You shall know in good
earnest.
68. Baculo. ] With her rod.
Ράβδω πεπληγυία , και συνεπῖσι ενέργε
Homer.
69. Velociùs.] More swiftly than he was
wont ; being now turned into a bird.
72. Duro.] He pecks the hard oak with
his iron beak.
75. Fibula.] A golden button.
Momorderat. ] Had clasped. The phrase
intimates, that Picus's golden belt was chang⚫
ed into a sort of collar, with which the neck
of a wood-pecker seems to be encompassed.
78. Comites.] His attendants and guards.
80. Tenuaverat . ] Had rarefied.
83. Vimque ferunt. ] They were about to
offer violence to Circe.İncessere.] Te
assault.
FAB. Vll. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 519

Illa nocens spargit virus, succosque veneni ; 84 Illa spargit nocens virus, suc
Et Noctem, Noctisque Deos Ereboque Chaoque cosque veneni : et convocat
Noctem, que Deos Noctis Er
Convocat ; et a magicis Hecaten ululatibus orat. eboque Chaoque ; etorat Hec
Exsiluêre loco (dictu mirabile) sylvæ : aten magicis ululatibus. Sylvæ
Ingemuitque solum, vicinaque palluit arbos ; exsiluêre loco (mirabile dictu
Sparsaque sanguineis 6b maduerunt pabula guttis ; que solumingemuit,vicinaque
arbos palluit ; que pabula spar
Et lapides visi mugitus edere raucos ; 90
sa sanguineis guttis madue
Et latrare canes ; et humus serpentibus atris runt ; et lapides visi edere rau
Squallere; et tenues animæ volitare c silentûm. cos mugitus ; et canes latrare ;
Attonitum monstris vulgus pavet. 1lla paventum et humus squallere atris ser
pentibus, et tenues animæ si
Ora venenatá tetigit mirantia virgâ. lentûm volitare. Vulgus at
Cujus ab attactu variarum monstra ferarum 95 tonitum monstris pavet. Illa
In juvenes d veniunt. Nulli sua mansit imago. tetigit mirantia
venenatâ virgâ. oraAbpaventum
attacta
Presserat occiduus Tartessia littora Phoebus ;
cujus, monstra variarum fera
Et frustra conjux oculis animoque Canentis rum veniunt in juvenes. Sua
Expectatus erat. Famuli populusque per omnes imago mansit nulli. Occiduus
Discurrunt sylvas ; atque obvia lumina portant. Phoebus presserat Tartessia
Nec satis est Nymphæ flere, lacerare capillos, littora : et conjux erat expec
tatus frustra oculis animoque
Et dare plangorem : facit hæc tamen omnia : sese Canentis. Famuli populusque
Proripit ; ac Latios errat vesana per agros. discurrunt per omnes sylvas ;
Sex illam noctes, totidem redeuntia Solis atque portant obvia lumina.
Luminaviderunt, inopem somnique cibique, 105 Nec satis est nymphæ flere, et
lacerare capillos, et dare plan
Perjuga, per valles, quà sors ducebat, euntem. gorem ; tamen facit omnia
Ultimus adspexit fessam luctûque viâque hæc proripit sese : ac vesana
Tibris, et in gelidâ ponentem corpora ripâ. errat per Latios agros. Sex
noctes, totidem redeuntia lu
Illic cum lacrymis ipsos modulata dolores, mina Solis viderunt illam, in
> Verba sono tenui morens fundebat ; utolim 110 opem somnique cibique, eun
Carminajam moriens canit exequialia cygnus. tem per juga, per valles, quà
Luctibus extremùm tenues iîquefacta medullas sors ducebat. Tibris ultimus
adspexit fessam luctuque viâ
Tabuit ; inque leves paulatim evanuit auras. que, et ponentem corpora in
Fama tamen signata loco est ; quem rite Canen gelidâ ripâ. Illic modulata
tem 114 ipsos dolores cum lacrymis,
mærens fundebat verba cum
Nomine de Nymphæ veteres dixêre a Camœnæ. tenui sono ; ut olim cygnus,
jam moriens canit exequialia
carmina. Extremùm liquefacta tenues medullas luctibus, tabuit ; que paulatim evanuit in
leves auras. Tamen fama signata est loco ; quem veteres Camœnæ rite dixêre Canentem de
nomine Nymphæ.
a longis. b rubuerunt gramina guttis ; c videntur. d abeunt. e coloni .

NOTES.

1 85. Deos.] Hecate, Pluto, and the rest of
the infernal Gods. -Ereboque.] From Erebus
and Chaos, i. e. From the Infernal Regions.
90. Edere.] To send out.
92. Tenues animæ.] Disembodied souls ;
Spectres.
B 93. Vulgus.] The companions of Picus.
94. Mirantia ora.] Astonished faces.
96. In juvenes veniunt.] Succeed in place
ofthe young men. For they were turned in
to various kinds of wild beasts.
$ 97. Tartessia.] Western ; for Tartessus is
a city offurther Spain.
100. Lumina. ] Torches.
102. Dare plangorem.] To beat herbreast.
103. Proripit sese. ] She flings out of the
palace.--Vesana. ] Distracted, in a phrensy.
105. Lumina Solis.] Days.
107. Ultimus, &c. ] At last, fatigued with
grief, she came to the Tiber.
111. Carmina exequialia.] Its elegy. See
Ovid's Tristia.
115. Tabuit.] Consumed by little and little.
115. Camœnæ.] Forthe Muses are said for.
merly to have dwelt there.
520 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIV, FA

Multa talia narrata et visa Talia multa mihi longum narrata per annum, Co
sunt mihi per longum annum. Visaque sunt. Resides et desuetudine tardi Ar
Resides et tardi desuetudine
jubemur rursus inire fretum, Rursus inire fretum, rursus dare vela jubemur. Au
rursus dare vela. Et Titania Ancipitesque vias, et iter Titania vastum Ed
dixeratancipitesque vias et vas- Dixerat, et sævi restare pericula ponti. 120 C
tum iter, et pericula sævi pon-
ti restare. Fateor, pertimui ; Pertimui, fateor; nactusque hoc littus adhæsi .
nactusque hoc littus adhæsi.

NOTES.

116. Talia ] Macareus says these things. 118. Inire.] To enter into.
Longumper annum.] A tedious year, while Dare vela.] To sail.
we were with Circe. 120. Sævi,] Of the raging main.
117. Resides. ] Indolent, sluggish.

EXP. FAB. VI. & VII. This Fable, being no other than the relation of
an historical fact, does not require any interpretation to illustrate it.

FAB. VIII. & IX. DIOMEDIS SOCII IN AVES . APPULUS PASTOR IN

OLEASTRUM .

Turnus having demanded succours from Diomedes, against Eneas, the Son
of Venus ; the Greek Prince, fearing the Goddess's resentment, which he
had already felt, refuses his troops : and some of his men, who were for
engaging on Turnus's side, are transformed into Birds. An Apulian
Shepherd surprises some nymphs who were dancing, insults them, and
for his insolence is immediately changed into a Wild- Olive,

Macareus finierat: que neia FINIERAT Macarcus : urnâque, Æneïa nu

nutrix condita marmoreà urnâ, trix
habebat breve carmen tumulo :
Condita marmoreâ, tumulo breve carmen habebat :
Alumnus notæ pietatis hic cre
mavit me Caieten, me ereptam Hic me Caieten nota pietatis alumnus
Argolico igne, quo igne debuit. Ereptam Argolico, quo debuit igne, cremavit.
Funis religatus solvitur ab her- Solvitur herboso religatus ab aggere funis : 5
boso aggere : et relinquunt pro
cul insidias, que tecta infamate Et procul insidias , infamatæque relinquunt
Deæ : que petunt lucos, ubi Tecta Deæ : lucosque petunt, ubi nubilus umbrâ
Tibris nubilus umbrâ prorum- In mare cum flavâ prorumpit Tibris arenâ.
mare rcum
pit in potitu
Que domo arenâ.
flavânataq ue Faunigenæque domo potitur natâque Latini ; 9
e n. Bellum cum genti feroci
Faunigenæ Latini ; tamen non Non sinè Mart tame
sinè Marte. Bellum suscipitur Suscipitur ; pactâque furit pro conjuge Turnus.
eum feroci gente ; que Turnus
furit pro pactâ conjuge.
NOTES.

1. Æneia ] The nurse of Æneas, who when rapid stream.

dead, gave name to the port and city. 9. Faunigenæque.] Of Latinus, the son of
3. Notæ.] Of singular, famous. Faunus. Natâque.] Lavinia, the daugh
Alumnus.] Æneas, my foster-son. ter of Latinus, who being at first espoused to
Fo

4. Argolico igne ] Grecian flames. Turnus, the King of the Rutilians, was yet
5. Funis.] The cable. married to Æneas. Virgil relates the whole
7. Tecta.] The palace of Circe, the infa transaction at large. ง
mous enchantress . -Umbra.] sc. Arborum. 10. Marte.] War.
8. Prorumpit. ] Breaks into, enters with a
 FAB. IX . METAMORPHOSEON. 521

Concurrit Latio Tyrrhenia tota : diuque Tota Tyrrhenia concurrit La

Ardua solicitis victoria quæritur armis. tio ; que victoria quæritur diu
ardua solicitis armis. Uter
Auget uterque suas externo a robore vires : que auget suas vires externo
Et multi Rutulos, multi Trojana tuentur 15 robore : et multi defendunt
Castra. Neque Æneas Evandri ad limina frustra, Rutulos, multi tuentur Tro
At Venulus magnam profugi Diomedis ad urbem jana castra. Neque Æneas
venerat frustra ad limina E
Venerat. Ille quidem sub lapyge maxima Dauno vandri, at Venulus venerat
Moenia condiderat : dotaliaque arva tenebat. frustra ad magnam urbem
Sed Venulus Turni postquam mandata peregit, profugi Diomedis.
dem condiderat Ille mo
maxima qui
Auxiliumque petit ; vires Ætolius heros 21 nia sub Dauno apyge : que
Excusat. Nec se soceri committere pugnæ tenebat dotalia arva. Sed post
Velle sui populos : nec, quos è gente suorum quam Venulus peregit manda
Armet, habere viros. Neve hæc commenta ta Turni, que petit auxilium ;
Etolius heros excusat vires.
putetis ; [ maro) Nec se velle committere po
(Admonitu quanquam luctus renovantura- pulos soceri sui pugnæ : nec,
Perpetiar memorare tamen. Postquam alta habere viros quos armet ègente
suorum. Neve putetis hæc
cremata est from pasca 26
commenta ; (quanquam luctus
Ilion ; c et Danaas paverunt Pergama flammas ; renovantur amaro admonitu)
Narytiusque heros, àd Virgine, virgine raptâ, tamen perpetiar memorare.
Quam meruit solus pœnam, digessit in omnes ; Postquam alta Ilion cremata
est ; et Pergama paverunt Da
Spargimur : et ventis inimica per æquora rapti, naas flammas ; Narytiusque
Fulmina, noctem, imbres, iram cœlique maris heros, virgine raptâ, digessit
* que [ dis. pœnam in omnes, quam solus
Perpetimur Danaï, cumulumque Capharea cla- meruit, à virgine ; spargimur :
et rapti ventis per inimica
æquora, Danaï perpetimur fulmina, noctem, imbres, iram cœlique marisque, cumulumque
Capbarea cladis.
a milite. b amari. c-et Danais patuerunt Pergama dextris. d templo.

NOTES.
209
12. Tota Tyrrhenia. ] All Tuscany engage Dauno.] A king of Apulia, from whom it
on the side of Turnus, against the Latins was called Daunia.
and Trojans. 21. Ætolius. ] Diomedes, whose father was
14. Externo robore.] With foreign, auxi- king of Ætolia.
liary troops. 22. Excusat. ] He pleads by way of excuse.
16. Frustra.] For Evander not only sent Soceri.] Of Daunus.
his son Pallas to assist the Trojans, but also 26. Perpetiar.] I will undergo the affliction
1 ordered him to apply to the Tuscans for as ofrepeating .
sistance. 28. Narytiusque .] Ajax, the son of Oileus,
17. Venulus.] One of the noblemen who born in an ancient town of the I ocri
was sent by Turnus, ambassador to Dio A virgine ] Pallas.- -Virgine. ] Cassan
medes, who had built a city in Apulia, but dra was ravished in the temple of Pallas.
> did not obtain any assistance from him ; be 29. Digessit ] He (Ajax ) was the cause
ing told, among other things, that the Tro of a general punishment by his single crime.
jans were too much in favour with the Gods. For Pallas being resolved to revenge the sa
Profugi.] Forced to retire far from his own crilege committed by Ajax, the son of Oi
country, on account of the baseness of his leus, in ravishing Cassandra in her temple,
wife. For " Diomedes, returning from the sunk the Grecian ships in a storm. So Juno
Trojan war, found his wife Ægiale had been being angry, Disjecitque rates, &c. Virg.
debauched by Comata, the son of Sthenelus, Æn. 1 .
who had also plotted against his life ; he 30. Spargimur ] We are dispersed.
therefore fled to Apulia, where Daunus gave 32. Capharea ] Caphareus is a promon
him his daughter, and part of his kingdom tory of Euboea, looking towards the Hel
in dower ; and he there built the city Ar lespont, at the bottom of which the Gre
giripa. cian navy was shipwrecked by the anger
18. Ille.] Diomedes. -Iapyge. ] Apulian. of Minerva, and the fraud of Nauplius,
For part of Apulia is called Iapygia. the father of Palamedes, who to be avenged
XXX
1 522 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIV.

Neve morer vos, referens tris- Neve morer, referens tristes ex ordine casus ;
cia casus
tes quoque ordinevideri
ex potuit ; tùmflenda
Græ- Græcia tùm potuit Priamo quoque flenda videri.
Priamo. Tamen cura Mi- Me tamen armiferæ servatum cura Minervæ 35
nervæ armiferæ eripuit me ser- Fluctibus eripuit. Patriis sed rursus ab a Argis
vatum fluctibus. Sed rursus Pellor : et antiquo memores de vulnere pœnas
pellor ab patriis Argis : et
alma Venus exigit memores Exigit alma Venus : tantosque per alta labores
ponas de antiquo vulnere à quora sustinui, tantos terrestribus armis ;
me illato : que sustinui tantos Ut mihi felices sint illi sæpe vocati, [ phareus
labores per alta armis;
tos terrestribus æquorą,uttanilli Quos communis Hyems, im.portunisque Ca
sint sæpe vocati felices mihi, Mersitaquis : vellemque horum pars una fuissem.
quos communis Hyems, que Ultima jam passi comites belloque fretoque,
Caphareus mersit importunis Deficiunt ; finemque rogant erroris. At Agmon
aquis : vellemque fuissem una Fervidus ingenio, tum verò et cladibus asper, 45
pars horum. Jam comites pas
si ultima belloque fretoque, Quid superest, quod jam patientia vestra recuset
deficiunt ; que rogant finem Ferre, viri ? dixit. Quid habet Cytherea, quod
erroris. At Agmon fervidus ultrà 47
ingenio, tum verò asper cla
dibus, dixit, Viri, quid super- (Velle puta) faciat? Nam dum pejora timentur ;
est, quod jam vestra patientia Est in vota locus : sors autem ubi pessima rerum ;
recuset ferre? Quid habet Cy- Sub pedibus timor est, securaque summa ma
therea, quod faciat ultra (puta lorum. 50
velle ?) Nam dum pejora ti
mentur, locus est in vota : au Audiat ipsa licet ; licet, ut facit, oderit omnes
tem ubi sors rerum pessima ; Sub Diomede viros : odium tamen illius omnes
timor est sub pedibus, que Spernimus, bet magno stat magna potentia nobis.
summa malorum secura. Li
cet ipsa audiat ; licet, ut facit, Talibus invitam Venerem Pleuronius Agmon
oderit omnes viros sub Dio- Instimulat verbis : veteremque resuscitat iram.
mede : tamen omnes sperni- Dicta placent paucis. Numeri majoris amici 56
mus odium illius, et magna Agmona corripimus : cui respondêre paranti
potentia stat nobis magno.
Pleuronius Agmon stimulat Vox pariter, vocisque via est tenuata : comæque
invitam Venerem talibus ver- In plumas abeunt : plumis nova colla teguntur,
bis : que resuscitat veterem Pectoraque , et tergum: majores brachia pennas
iram illius. Hæc dicta pla
cent paucis. Amici majoris numeri corripimus Agmona : cui paranti respondêre, pariter
vox que via vocis est tenuata : comæque abeunt in plumas : nova colla teguntur plumis,
pectoraque, et tergum : brachia accipiunt majores pennas :
a agris. -parvo stat tanta, &c.

NOTES.

on the Grecians for the murder of his son,
extinguished the lights which might have
directed their course when they were be
nighted in a storm.
54. Flenda ] To be lamented.
35. Armiferæ. ] As being the goddess of
war.
37. Memores.] Which she bore in mind.
Vulnere.] Homer, Iliad &. relates, that in
the Trojan war Diomedes wounded Venus
in the hand, which she resenting, sent the
son of Sthenelus to debauch his wife -
giale.
i 41. Importunisque.] Without any port,
destructive .
44. Deficiunt.] Leave me.
45. Fervidus ingenio. ] Endowed with a
fierce disposition .
Asper. ] Irritated by the destruction sent
amongst us.
46. Recuset.] Refuses to undergo .
47. Cytherea.] Venus.
49. Est, &c. ] Prayers are seasonable and
men make vows when they are apprehensive
of dangers.- Sors, &c.] When things are in
the worst condition.
50. Sub pedibus, &c.] Nothing is to be
feared,-Securaque ] Without fear.
52. Sub, &c. ] Under the conduct of Dio
medes.
55. Magna potentia. ] sc. of Venus.
54. Pleuronius. ] A native of Pleuron, a
city of Ætolia.
56. Majoris numeri.] The greatest number
of my friends.
58. Tenuata.] Was made small and slender.
FAB. IX. METAMORPHOSEON . 523

Accipiunt : cubitique leves sinuantur in alas. [nu cubitique sinuantur in leves

Magna pedum digitos pars occupat : oraque cor- alas. Magna pars pedum
occupat digitos ; oraque indu
Indurata rigent : finemque in acumine ponunt. rata cornu rigent : que po
Hunc Lycus, hunc Idas, et cum Rhetenore nunt finem in acumine. Ly
Nycteus, 64 cus hunc, et Nycteus cum
Hunc mirantur Abas . et dum mirantur, eandem Rhetenore, Abas hunc miran
tur et dum mirantur, acci
Accipiunt faciem : numerusque ex agmine major piunt eandem faciem, que
Subvolat, et remos plausis circumsonat alis. major numerus subvolat ex
Si volucrum quæ sit subitarum forma requiris ; agmine, et circumsonat re
mos plausis alis. Si requiris
Ut non cygnorum, sic albis proxima cygnis.
Vix equidem has sedes, et Iapygis arida Dauni lucr quæ sit forma subitarum vo
um : ut non cygnorum,
Arva gener teneo, minimâ cum parte meorum. sic proxima albis cygnis. E
Hactenus Oënides. Venulus Calydonia regna, quidem vix teneo has sedes,
et arida arva gener Dauni
Peucetiosque sinus, Messapiaque arva relinquit. Iapygis, cum minimâ parte
In quibus antra videt ; quæ multâ nubila sylvâ, meorum. Hactenus Oënides.
Et levibus stagnis manantia, semicaper Pan 75 Venulus relinquit Calydonia
Nunc tenet ; at quodam tenuerunt tempore regna, Peucetiosque sinus,
Messapiaque arva. In quibus
Nymphæ. videt antra ; quæ nubila
Apulus has illâ pastor regione fugatas multâ sylvâ, et manantia le
Terruit ; et primô subitâ formidine movit : vibus stagnis, semicaper Pan
nunc tenet ; at Nymphæ te
Mox ubi mens rediit, et contempsêre sequentem ; nuerunt quodam tempore.
Ad numerum motis pedibus duxêre choreas. 80 Apulus pastor terruit has fu
Improbata has pastor : saltûque imitatus agresti gatas illa regione ; et movit
Addidit obscoenis convicia rustica dictis. primò subita formidine : mox,
Nec priûs obticuit, quàm guttura condidit arbor ; ubi mens rediit, et contemp
sêre sequentem ; duxêre cho
Arbore enim succoque licet cognoscere mores. reas pedibus motis ad nume
Quippe notam linguæ baccis oleaster amaris 85 rum. Pastor improbat has :
Exhibet. Asperitas verborum c cessit in illas. que imitatus agresti saltu ad
didit rustica convitia obscœ
nis dictis. Nec obticuit priùs quàm arbor condidit guttura . enim licet cognoscere mores 2
arbore succoque. Quippe oleaster exhibet notam linguæ amaris baccis. Asperitas verborum
cessit in illas.
a Improbus has pastor saltuque imitatur agresti, Addit et obscoenis, &c.
6jam. c mansit in illis.

NOTES.

62. Magna, &c.] To great part of his feet
were added toes.-Cornu.] In a beak.
66. Ex agmine.] Of my companions.
67. Plausis alis ] By clapping their wings.
68. Subitarum .] Newly sprung up.
69. Proxima. ] Very like swans.
72. Oënides.] Diomedes, the grandson of
Oeneus. Calydonia.] Apulia, where Dio
medes had part of his Kingdom given by his
father-in- law Daunus, with his daughter.
Tydeus, the father of Diomedes, was king
of Ætolia, a city of Calydon.
79. Peucetiosque.] Calabria, which the
ancients called Peucetia, and Messapia, not
far from Sicily.
74. In quibus.] He relates the transfor
mation of Apulus, a shepherd, into a wild
olive tree.-Nubila.] Dark, shaded. In this
place it is an adjective.
75. Manantia. ] Dropping. -Semica ་
per.] Pan is the God of Shepherds, who is
painted with his hinder parts like a goat,
78. Movit.] Alarmed them.
80. Ad numerum.] By rule, to music.
Duxere choreas ] They danced.
81. Improbat. ] He reviles.
83. Condidit.] Buried.
84. Succoque.] From the Juice, which
is bitter, and of a rough taste.
85. Exhibet notam linguæ ] Proves the
bitterness of his language.
Oleaster. ] A wild olive.
86. Cessit.] Passed.
524 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIV.

EXP. FAB. VIII. & IX . From Diomedes's refusing any assistance to Tur
nus we are to understand the great desire he had of being at peace, the
better to establish himself in Italy, where he had just settled after the siege
of Troy ; and from the fable of his companions being turned into birds is
to be understood their being put to flight in the attempts they made to as
sist Turnus, notwithstanding the refusal given by Diomedes. By the me
tamorphosis of a shepherd into a wild olive, we are to understand the re
sentment of some shepherdesses on a clown that had ill treated them.

FAB . X. XI. & XII. Naves Æneæ in Nymphas. Ardea Turni in Avem.
Eneas in Deum.

Turnus sets fire to Æneas's fleet ; but Cybele transforms the ships into Sea
Nymphs before they are burned. After Turnus's death his capital city
Ardea is burned , and a bird arises out of the flames. Venus obtains
permission of Jupiter, that her son, after so many heroical exploits,
should be received into the number of the gods.

Ubi legati redière, ferentes INC ubi legati rediêre, negata ferentes
Ætola arma negata sibi, Ru Arma tola sibi, Rutuli sinè viribus illis
tuli gerunt instructa bella
sinè illis viribus : et multum Bella instructa gerunt : multumque ab utrâque
cruoris datur ab utrâque cruoris
parte. Ecce Turnus fert avi- Parte datur. Fert ecce avidas in pinea Turnus
das faces in texta pinea : que Texta faces : ignesque timent, quibus unda pe
timent ignes, quibus unda pe
percit. Jamque Mulciber percit. [flammæ
urebat picem et ceras, que Jamque picem, et ceras, alimentaque cætera
cætera alimenta flammæ, que Mulciber urebat, perque altum ad carbasa malum
ibat ad carbasa per altum
malum; et transtra incurva Ibat : et incurvæ fumabant transtra carinæ :
carinæ fumabant : cùm sanc- Cùm memor has pinus Idæo vertice cæsas
ta genitrix Deùm memer has Sancta Deûm genitrix, tinnitibus aëra pulsi 10
pinus cæsas Ideo vertice, Aris et inflati complevit murmure buxi .
complevit aëra tinnitibus pul
si æris, et murmure inflati Perque leves domitis invecta leonibus auras,
buxi. Que invecta per leves Irrita sacrilegâ jactas incendia dextrâ,
auras domitis leonibus, tunc Tunc ait. Eripiam ; nec me patiente cremabit
ait, Jactas irrita incendia Ignis edax nemorum partes et membra meorum.
sacrilegâ manu. Eripiam ;
nec edax ignis cremabit par. Intonuit dicente Deâ : tonitrumque secuti
tes et membra nemorum meo- Cum saliente graves ceciderunt grandine nimbi :
rum, me patiente. Intonuit
Dea dicente : que graves nimbi ceciderunt secuti tonitrum cum saliente grandine :

NOTES.
1. Legati.] The chief of which was
Venulus. See above, Fab. viii. ver. 17.
Ferentes, &c.] Declaring that Diomedes
king of Ætolia refused to send them aid.
2. Rutuli.] The people which Turnus
governed.
5. Texta pinea ] Concerning the ships of
Eneas, that Turnus set fire to, see Virgil
Eneid IX.
7. Mulciber.] Vulcan. Fire. A metonymy
of the efficient.
8. Incurvæ carinæ. ] Of the crooked ship.
9. Idæo vertice.] On the top of mount Ida.
10. Sancta Deûm genitrix.] Cybele.
Tinnitibus pulsi æris.] The tinkling of
brazen vessels ; cymbals used in the sacred
rites of Bacchus.
11. Inflati murmure buxi. ] The noise of
blown box, flutes made of box.
12. Domitis leonibus. ] The chariot of
Cybele was drawn by the Lions into which
Hippomenes and Atalanta were transformed,
as Ovid says in Lib. X.
13. Irrita.] Vain.
Sacrilegâ. ] Turnus committed the Sacri
lege.
 FAB. XI. METAMORPHOSEON , 525

Aëraque, et subitis tumidum concursibus æquor que Astrai fratres turbant

aëra, et tumidum æquor, et
Astræi turbant, et eunt in prælia, fratres.
eunt in prælia subitis concur
E quibus alma parens unius viribus usa, 20 sibus. E quibus alma parens
Stuppea prærumpit Phrygiæ retinacula classis : usa viribus unius, prærum
Fertque rates pronas ; imoque sub æquore mer- pit stuppea retinacula Phry
Robore mollito, lignoque in corpora verso, [git. gia classis : fertque rates pro
nas ; que mergit sub imo æ
In capitum faciem puppes mutantur aduncæ . quore. Robore mollito, ligno
In digitos abeunt, et crura natantia, remi : 25 que verso in corpora, adunca
Quodque priùs fuerat, latus est : mediisque carina puppes mutantur in faciema
capitum. Remi abeunt in di
Subdita navigiis, spinæ mutatur in usum. gitos. et natantia crura :
Lina comæ molles, antennæ brachia fiunt : quodque priùs fuerat, latus
Cærulus, ut fuerat, color est. Quasque antè a ti est : que carina subdita me
diis navigiis, mutatur in u
Illas virgineis exercent lusibus undas [ mebant, sum spinæ. Lina fiunt molles
Naïades æquoreæ : durisque in montibus ortæ comæ, antennæ brachia ; co
Molle fretum celebrant ; nec eas sua tangit origo. lor est cærulus, ut fuerat.
Non tamen oblitæ, quàm multa pericula sævo Que æquorex Naïades exer
Pertulerint pelago, jactatis sæpe carinis 34 cent illas undas, quas antè
timebant, virgineis lusibus :
= Supposuêre manus : nisi si qua vehebat Achivos . que ortæ in duris montibus
Cladis adhuc Phrygiæ memores, odêre Pelasgos : celebrant molle fretum ; nec
sua origo tangit eas. Tamen
Neritiæque ratis viderunt fragmina lætis
non oblitæ, quàm multa peri
Vultibus, et lætæ vidêre rigescere puppim cula pertulerint sævo pelago,
Cautibus Alcinoi ; saxumque increscere ligno. sæpe supposuêre manus jacta
Spes erat, in Nymphas animatâ classe marinas, tis carinis ut iis ferrent opem,
Posse metu monstri Rutulum desistere bello. 41 nisi si qua vehebat Achivos.
Adhuc memores Phrygiæ cla
Perstat, habetque Deos pars utraque : quique dis, odêre Pelasgos
; que vi
1 Deorum derunt fragmina Neritiæ ra
31 Instar habent animos. Nec jam dotalia regna, tis lætis vultibus, et lætæ vi
dêre puppim Alcinoi riges
Nec sceptrum soceri, nec te, Lavinia virgo, cere cautibus ; saxumque in
Sed vicisse petunt : deponendique pudore 45 crescere ligno. Erat spes
classe animatâ in marinas Nymphas, Rutulum posse desistere bello, metu monstri. Utra
que pars perstat, habetque Deos : quique habent animos instar Deorum. Nec jam petunt
dotalia regna, nec sceptrum soceri, nec te Lavinia virgo, sed vicisse : que gerunt bella pu
dore deponendi . a tenebant.

NOTES.

19. Astræi fratres.] The Astræan bre
thren ; the winds. For Hesiod says, that
Aurora brought forth the winds by the Giant
Astræus.
20. Alma parens.] Cybele.
21. Stuppea.] The cables made of hemp,
with which ships are moored to the shore.
23. Robore mollito. ] The hardness being
softened.- In corpora ] Into flesh,
28. Lina. ] Ropes.
29. Cærulus.] Azure.
# 32. Nec, &c.]. Are not at all desirous to
see the native place. They have no incli
nation to return to the mountains, from
whence they had their origin.
34. Nisi, &c.] For having been formerly
Trojan ships, they mortally hated the Greeks,
who were enemies to the Trojans.
57. Ratis.] Of the ship which carried
Ulysses, from him called Neritius. See Fab.
IV. ver. 6. Note.
38. Puppim.] Ulysses's ship, which was
given him by Alcinous, king of Corcyra or
Corfu.
40. Classe ] The navy being transformed
into living nymphs.
41. Rutulum. Turnus.
42. Habetque Deos.] Venus is on the side
of Æneas, and Juno of Turnus.
43. Instar. ] And men with souls of reso
lution equal to the Gods .
44. Soceri ] Of king Latinus.
45. Vicisse.] Victory, here a verb is used
instead of a noun. So Persius. Scire tuum ni
hil est.- Deponendi. ] sc. Bella . For they were
both of them ashamed to give up the war.
 526 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIV.

Tandem Venus videt victri- Bella gerunt. Tandemque Venus victricia nati
cia arma nati : Turnusque Arma videt : Turnusque cadit ; cadit Ardea,
cadit ; Ardea, dicta potens
Turno sospite, cadit. Quam Turno [ignis
postquàm barbarus ignis ab- Sospite dicta potens. Quam postquam barbarus
stulit, et tecta latuerunt te- Abstulit , et tepidâ latuerunt tecta favillâ ;
pidâ favilla : tum primum Congerie è mediâ tum primùm cognita præpes
cognita præpes subvolat è me
dia congerie et everberat Subvolat : et cineres plausis everberat alis. 51
cineres plausis alis. Et sonus, Et sonus, et macies, et pallor, et omnia captam
et macies, et pallor, et om- Quæ deceant urbem, nomen quoque mansit in illa
nia quæ deceant captam ur- Urbis : et ipsa suis deplangitur Ardea pennis .
bem, nomen quoque urbis
mansit in illà : et ipsa Ardea Jamque Deos omnes, ipsamque Æneïa virtus
deplangitur suis pennis. Jam- Junonem veteres finire coëgerat iras : 56
que Eneia virtus coëgerat Cùm, bene fundatis opibus crescentis Iüli,
omnes Deos, ipsamque Juno-,
nem finire veteres iras : cûm Tempestivus erat cœlo Cythereïus heros ;
Cythereïus heros erat tem- Ambieratque Venus Superos : colloque parentis
pestivus cœlo, opibus crescen- Circumfusa sui, Nunquam mihi, dixerat, ullo
tis Iüli bene fundatis ; que Tempore dure Pater, nunc sis mitissimus oro ;
Venus ambierat Superos, que Enea que meo , qui te de sanguine nostro
circumfusa colla sui parentis,
dixerat, Pater nunquam dure Fecit avum, quamvis parvum, des, optime,
mihi ullo tempore, oro sis mi Numen ; [num
tissimus nunc , que optime des Dummodò des aliquod . Satis est inâmabile reg
Numen, quamvis parvum,
meo Æneæ, qui fecit te avum Aspexisse semel, Stygios semel îsse per amnes.
de nostro sanguine ; dummo- Assensêre Dei : nec conjux regia vultus 66
dò des aliquod . Satis est se- Immotos a tenuit ; placatoque annuit ore.
mel aspexisse inamabile reg- Tum Pater, Estis , ait, cœlesti munere digni,
num, semel îsse per Stygios
amnes. Dei assensêre : nec Quæque petis, pro quoque petis, cape gnata,
regia conjux tenuit immotos quod optas. 69
vultus ; que annuit placato Fatus erat. Gaudet: gratesque agit illa parenti :
ore. Tum Pater ait, Estis
digni cœlesti munere, gnata Perque leves auras b junctis invecta columbis
cape quæque petis, quod op- Littus adet Laurens ; ubi tectus arundine serpit
tas, que pro quo petis. Fa In freta flumineis vicina Numicius undis.
tus erat. Illa gaudet ; que a
git grates parenti : que invecta per leves auras junctis columbis, adit Laurens littus ; ubi
Numicius tectus arundine serpit in vicina freta flumineis undis.
a Invitos. b niveis.

NOTES.

47. Cadit ] He was slain by Æneas. ther Jupiter's neck.

49. Abstulit.] Destroyed, demolished.
50. Mediâ congerie.] From the midst of
the ruins of the burning City.
Præpes.] A bird. Great birds are properly
called Præpetes, on account of the observa
tions made on their flight in Auguries.
51. Plausis.] Clapped.
52. Sonus. A small, shrill voice.
54. Deplangitur.] Is lamented by the flap
ping ofthe birds wings.
55. Ipsamque. ] Even Juno herself.
57. Iüli.] The Son of Æneas, who was
also called Ascanius, and succeeded his Fa
ther in Latium.
58. Tempestivus.] Was ripe for Heaven.
59. Ambierat.] Solicited the favour of the
Gods.Colloque, &c. ] Embracing her Fa
63. Quamvis parvum.] Though of the
lowest class.
66. Conjux, &c.] Juno herself gave con
sent.
68. Pater.] Jupiter.
69 Gnata, &c.] You both are worthy to
have this petition granted ; you Venus, who
beg this favour for your son; and also your
son Æneas, who deserves it on account of
his piety.
71. Junctis Columbis.] The chariot of Ve "
nus is said to have been drawn by Doves. 1
72. Serpit ] Gently glides.
73. Numicius. A river of Latium, in
which Æneus perished as he was fighting,
and was believed to have passed from thence
to Heaven.
FAB. XIII. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 527
liable
Hunc jubet Æneæ, quæcunque obnoxia morti, Jubet hunc abluere Æneæ
Abluere ; et tacito deferre sub æquora cursu. 75 quæcunque obnoxia morti ; et
deferre sub æquora tacito
Corniger exsequitur Veneris mandata : suisque cursu. Corniger exsequitur
Quicquid in Eneâ fuerat mortale, repurgat mandata Veneris : que repur
Et respergit aquis. Pars optima restitit illi. gat quicquid fuerat mortale
in Æneâ, et respergit suis
Lustratum genitrix divino corpus odore aquis. Optima pars restitit il
Unxit, et ambrosiâ cum dulci nectare mistâ 80 li. Genitrix unxit corpus lus
Contigit os; fecitque Deum : quem turba Qui- tratum divino odore, et con
rini tigit os ambrosi mistâ cum
[pit. dulci nectare ; fecitque Deum ;
Nuncupat Indigetem ; temploque arisque rece- quem turba Quirini nuncupat
Indigetem, et recepit templo arisque.
NOTES.
74. Obnoxia morti.] Subject to Death, to be the food of the Gods, so Nectar was also
mortal. 1 imagined to be their drink.
76. Corniger. ] The river Numicius. All 81. Contigit.] She touched.
rivers are represented as horned. See Lib. Quirini. The Roman people.
XIII. 82. Nuncupat indigetem.] Gave him the
77. Pars optima.] The divine particle. title of a God called Indiges, i . e. who from
Restitit.] Remained. an Indigena, a mere man, was admitted a
V 79. Lustratum.] Purged. mongthe Gods. So Livy in his first book.
80. Ambrosiâ. ] The food which the Gods " Jovem Indigetem appellant."
eat.-Nectare. ] As Ambrosia was supposed
EXP. FAB. X. XI. & XII. The transformation of Æneas's fleet into Sea
Nymphs means nothing more than their being saved by a strong wind from
being burnt by Turnus ; and the story of the bird Ardea arising from the
ashes of the city of Turnus, fired by Æneas, was occasioned by the resort
of Herons to its ruins. Æneas, who had been remarkable for his adven
tures, fell at last in battle, and to perpetuate his memory they ranked him
amongst the deities under the name of Jupiter Indiges. For every thing
however unimportant was dressed up in the supernatural. Such was the
cast of these times, when divinities on earth, in the sea, in rivers, and in
woods, nay even in heaven and hell were at human command.

FAB. XIII. VERTUMNUS IN ANUM.

Vertumnus , enamoured of Pomona, assumes several shapes to makes him

' self agreeable ; and at last gains her, after having turned himself into an
old woman.

INDE sub Ascanii ditione binominis Alba Indè Alba que Latina res
fuit sub ditione binominis As
Resque Latina fuit : succedit Sylvius illi.
canii Sylvius succedit illi.
Quo satus antiquo tenuît repetita Latinus Quo satus Latinus tenuit no
Nomina cum sceptro : clarum subit Alba Lati- mina repetita antiquo scep
num ; tro : Alba subit clarum Lati
num :
NOTES.
1. Ditione. The government. 2. Resque Latina. ] The Latin govern
Binominis.] Having two names ; for he ment.
was called both Ascanius and Iülus. Sylvius.] This was a posthumous son of
Alba.] The city Alba, which from its situ Eneas by Lavinia, called so à Sylvis ; because
ation was called long, was built by Ascanius, he was brought up, together with his mother,
J the son of Æneas, and called Alba from a by a Tyrrhene shepherd.
white sow, which brought forth thirty pigs 3. Latinus. The son of Eneas.
there .
 528 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIV.

Epitos est ex illo. Capetus- Epitos ex illo est. Post hunc Capetusque, Ca
que, Capysque, post hunc ; 5
sed Capys fuit antè. Tyberi pysque ; in
nus cepit regnum ab illis et Sed Capys ante fuit. Regnum Tyberius ab illis
demersus in undis Tusci flu- Cepit ; et in Tusci demersus fluminis undis
minis fecit nomina aquæ. De Nomina fecit aquæ.
De quo Remulusque, fe
quo Remulusque, feroxque A
erota sunt geniti ; Remulus roxque
maturior annis, imitator fulmi- Acrota sunt geniti : Remulus maturior annis
nis, périitfulmineo ictu. Acro- Fulmineo periit imitator fulminis ictu . 10
ta moderatior suo fratre, tra- Fratre suo sceptrum moderatior Acrota forti
dit sceptrum forti Aventino :
que jacet positus eodem monte Tradit Aventino : qui quo regnârat, eodem
quo regnarat; tribuitque vo- Monte jacet positus; tribuitque vocabula monti.
cabula monti- Jamque Proca Jamque a Pălatinæ summam Proca gentis habe
habebat summam Palatina
bat. 14
gentis. Pomona fuit sub hoc
rege : quâ nulla inter Hama- Rege sub hôc Pomona fuit : quâ nulla Latinas
dryadas Latinas coluit soler- Inter Hamadryadas coluit solertiùs hortos,
tiùs hortos Nec alterafuit stu: Nec fuit arborei studiosior altera foetûs :
diosior arborei foetûs : undè Unde tenet nomen . Non sylvas illa, nec amnes ;
tenet nomen. Illa non amat
sylvas nec amnes ; rus amat, Rus amat, et ramos felicia poma ferentes. 19
et ramos Necferentes felicia
est dextera po- Nec
gravis jaculo gravis est, sed aduncâ dextera falce ;
ma.
jaculo, sed aduncâ falce ; qua Quâmodò luxuriem premit, et spatiantia passim
quâ
modò premit luxuriem arbo- Brachia compescit, fissâ modo cortice virgam
rum, et compescit brachia Inserit : et succos alieno præstat alumno. 23
spatiantia passim, modò inse- Nec patitur sentire sitim ; bibulæque recurvas
rit virgam cortice fissa : et
præstat succos alieno alumno. Radicis fibras labentibus irrigat undis. [cupido.
Nec patitur sentire sitim : que Hic amor, hoc studium : Veneris quoque núlla
Vim tamen agrestum metuens, pomaria claudit
irrigat labentibus
radicis undis.bibula
recurvas fibras Hic Intus et accessus prohibet refugitque viriles.
b
amor, hoc studium erat illi :
quoque nulla cupido Veneris. Tamen metuens vim agrestum, claudit pomaria intus : et
prohibet refugitque viriles accessus.
■ Palatinus summæ loca gentis habebat. Vel. Palatini summam Proca collis
habebat. b tactusque.

NOTES.

6. Capys.] Capys begat Capetus, and not
the contrary.
Ab illis.] After them.
7. Tusci fluminis . ] Tiberinus, king of
Albania, being drowned in the river Tuscus,
which was then called Albula, changed the
name of the river to that of his own.
9. Maturior.] Elder.
10. Imitator. ] Remulus having the pre
sumption to imitate Jove's thunder, was
struck dead with lightning by the incensed
God.
11. Sceptrum.] The government.
13. Positus.] Buried.
Vocabula.] sc. Aventinus ; one ofthe se
ven hills of Rome, so called of king Aventi
nus, who was buried there.
14. Summam.] The government - Pro
ca.] The father of Amulius and Numitor.
15. Pomona.] The goddess of apples,
thence called Pomona, from Poma apples.
16. Hamadryades. ] Nymphs who have
their original with the trees, and depart when
these die. Whence they take their name of
apa, together with, and spus, an oak.
Solertius.] More diligently.
• Non sylvas, &c.] Pomona does not delight
in the woods to hunt in them, nor in the
rivers to fish in them.
19. Felicia poma. ] Sweet, delicate fruit.
20. Nec jaculo, &c.] Nor does her right
hand carry a dart, but a pruning knife to lop
off the luxuriant branches.
22. Brachia.] Branches.
Compescit.] She restrains.
Fissa, &c.] She ingrafts a cion of one tree
into another.
25. Fibras.] The smaller roots.
27. Vim agrestum. ] The violence of the
rustics -Pomaria.] Her orchards.
29. Satyri.] Satyrs. Sylvan Deities, whe
delight in dancing.
FAB. XIII. METAMORPHOSEON. 529

Quid non et Satyri saltatibus apta juventus Quid non et Satyri juventus
30 apta saltatibus, et Panes præ
Fecêre, et pinu præcincti cornua Panes, cincti cornua pinu fecêre? Syl
Sylvanusque suis semper juvenilior annis ; vanusque semper juvenilior
Quique Deus fures vel falce vel inguine terret, suis annis, que Deus qui ter
Ut potirentur eâ? Sed enim superabat amando ret fures vel falce vel inguine,
Hos quoque Vertumnus : neque erat felicior illis . ut potirentur eâ ? Sed enim
Vertumnus superabat quoque
O quoties habitu duri messoris aristas 35 hos amando : neque erat feli
Corbe tulit, verique fuit messoris imago ! cior illis. O quoties tulit aris
tas corbe habitu duri messoris,
Tempora sæpe gerens fœno religata recenti, que fuit imago veri messoris !
Desectum poterat gramen versâsse videri. Sæpe gerens tempora religata
Sæpe manu stimulos rigidâ portabat ; ut illum recenti fœno, poterat videri
Jurares fessos modò disjunxisse juvencos. 40 versasse desectum gramen. Sæ
Falce datâ frondator erat, vitisque putator. pe portabat stimulos rigida
manu , ut jurares illum modò
Induerat scalas, lecturum poma putares. disjunxisse fessos juvencos. E
Miles erat gladio, piscator arundine sumptâ. rat frondator falce datâ, que
Denique per multas aditum sibi sæpe figuras 44 putares putator vitis. Indueratscalas,
lecturum poma. Erat
Repperit, ut caperet a spectatæ gaudia formæ. miles cinctus gladio, piscatora
Ille etiam pictâ redimitus tempora mitrâ, rundine sumptâ. Denique rep
Innitens baculo, positis ad tempora canis, perit aditum sibi sæpe per mul
tas figuras, ut caperet gaudia
Assimulavit anum : cultosque intravit in hortos : spectatæ formæ. Etiam ille
Pomaque mirata est ; Tantoque potentior , inquit, redimitus tempora pictâ mi
Paucaque laudatæ dedit oscula ; qualia nunquam trâ, innitens baculo, assimila
Vera dedisset anus : glebâque incurva resedit, vit anum canis positis ad tem
pora : que intravit in cultos
Suspiciens pandos Autumni pondere ramos.
Ulmus erat contrá a spatiosa tumentibus uvis : hortos ; que mirata est poma ;
Tantoque, inquit, potentior,
Quam sociâ postquam pariter cum vite probavit ; que dedit pauca oscula lauda
At si staret, ait, cœlebs sinè palmite truncus, 55 tæ ; qualia nunquam vera a
nus dedisset : que resedit incur
va glebâ, suspiciens ramos pandos pondere Autumni. Erat ulnius contrà spatiosa tumentibus
uvis quam postquam probavit pariter cum sociâ vite, ait, At si truncus staret cœlebs sinè
palmite, a speratæ. b speciosa nitentibus uvis.
NOTES.
30. Pinu. ] With the leaves of the Pine- hortos." Although there seems to be some
Tree. " thing wanting here to make out the sense ;
Panes.] Rural deities, who wear horns. yet the two verses, which are in the common
31. Sylvanusque. A God always number editions, viz .
ed among the deities ofthe country. " Omnibus ex nymphis, quas continet Al
32. Quique Deus.] Priapus, the son of bula ripis,
Bacchus and Venus, a garden-god armed " Salve virginei intemerata pudoris,”
with a sickle. are not found in the best manuscripts, and
34. Vertumnus. ] A rural god, so called a therefore are rejected by the learned as spuri
vertendo, because he turned himself into va ous.
rious shapes. Whence those sports are called 50. Qualia, &c.] The kisses of Vertum
Vertumnalia, which are celebrated in honour nus were more lascivious, than could be giv
of this deity, in the month of October. en by an old woman.
Neque, &c.] He was not more successful 52. Pandos, ] Bent.
than they ; for Pomona slighted him too. Autumni.] Autumnal fruit.
35. Duri messoris ] Of a rough mower. 55. Contrà ] Over against.
The Poet describes the various transforma 54. Probavit.] Commended.
tions of Vertumnus, to obtain his mistress 55. At si, &c.] By these similitudes Ver
Pomona. tumnus infers the utility of matrimony ;
39. Stimulos.] Goads. drawing his arguments even from the inani
41. Frondator. ] A lopper or pruner of mate creation .
trees. Calebs.] Single. A beautiful and strik
42. Induerat.] When he took, sc. si. ing emblem of the advantages and happiness
Lecturum.] That he was about to gather. of the matrimonial state. They are called
46. Redimitus Tempora.] Binding his tem Cœlibes, who live in a state of virginity.
ples. Palmite.] The vine.
42. Tanto.] sc. " Quanto cultiores habes
Yyv
530 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIX.

haberet nil præter frondes, Nil præter frondes, quare peteretur, haberet.
quare peteretur. Quoque hæc Hæc quoque quæ junctâ vitis requiescit in ulmo,
vitis quæ requiescit in junctâ
ulmo, si non foret nupta, ja- Si non nupta foret, terræ acclinata jaceret.
ceret acclinata terræ. Tamen Tu tamen exemplo non tangeris arboris hujus ;
tu non tangeris exemplo hujus Concubitusque fugis ; nec te conjungere curas.
arboris ; que fugis concubitus ;
nec curas conjungere te. At. Atque utinam velles ! Helene non pluribus esset
que utinam velles ! Helene Solicitata procis : nec quæ Lapitheïa movit 62
non esset solicitata pluribus Prælia, nec conjux timidis audacis Ulyssei.
procis ; nec quæ movit Lapi- Nunc quoque, cùm fugias averserisque petentes,
theia prælia, nec conjux Ulys- Mille proci cupiunt ; et Semideique, Deique,
sei audacis tímidis. Nunc quo
que cùm fugias, averserisque Et quæcunque tenent Albanos Numina montes.
petentes, mille proci cupiunt Sed tu, si sapies, si te bene jungere, anumque
et Semideique, Deique et quæ- Hanc audire voles (quæ te plùs omnibus illis,
cunque Numina tenent Alba
nos montes. Sed si tu sapies, Plùs quàm credis, amo) vulgares rejice tædas :
si voles jungere te bene, que Vertumnumque tori socium tibi selige : pro quo
audire hanc anum (quæ amo Me quoque pignus habe. Neque enim sibi no
te plus omnibusillis, plus quàm tior ille est 71
credis) rejice vulgares tædas :
que selige Vertumnum socium Quam mihi. Nec toto passim vagus errat in orbe.
tori tibi : pro quo quoque habe Hæc loca sola colit. Nec uti pars magna procorum,
me pignus. Neque enim ille est Quam modò videt, amat. Tu primus et ultimus illì
notior sibi quám mihi. Nec va- Ardor eris ; solique suos tibi devovet annos. 75
gus errat passim in toto orbe.
Colit hæc loca sola. Nec amat, Adde, quòd est juvenis : quòd naturale decôris
uti magna pars procorum, Munus habet : formasque aptè fingetur in omnes :
quam modò vidit. Tu eris Et quod erit jussus, (jubeas) licèt omnia) fiet,
primus et ultimus ardor illi ; Quid, quòd amatis idem : quod, quæ tibi poma
que devovet suos annos tibi
soli. Adde, quòd est juvenis, coluntur,
quòd habet naturale munus Primus habet ; lætâque tenet tua munera dextrà?
decòris
que aptè fingetur in Sed neque jam fœtus desiderat arbore demptos,
omnes formas ; et fiet quod
eritjussus (licetjubeas omnia. )
Quid, quòd amatis idem : quod, primus habet poma quæ coluntur tibi ; que tenet tua
munera lætâ dextra ? Sed neque jam desiderat fœtus demptos arbore,

NOTES.

56. Peteretur.] Why it should be desired.
59. Tangeris.] Moved, wrought upon.
61. Helene.] The wife of Menelaus, who
was carried away by Paris, and was the occa
sion ofthe destruction of Troy.
62. Solicitata.] Courted.
Lapitheïa.] Hippodamia, whom the Cen
taurs attempted to carry off from Pirithous
on his wedding-day, but they were destroy
ed with great slaughter. See Lib. XII. The
Lapiths were a people of Thessaly, so called
from Lapithus, the son of Periphas.
63. Conjux.] Penelope, the wife of Ulys
ses, who was courageous against cowards :
This agrees with his character, which was
that of a deceitful man. Others would have
the words run thus, " Timidi aut audacis
Ulyssei ." Penelope is reported to have been
a very beautiful woman, and to have been
addressed by a great many lovers.
64. Averseris.] Thou slightest.
66. Albanos. ] Near Alba. See above, ver. 1.
68. Hanc.] This old woman. Vertumnus
puts on an air ofgravity.
69. Tædas.] Marriage. Five torches made
of the tree called Tæda, were borne before a
new married bride.
73. Nec uti pars magna procorum.] Nor is
Vertumnus like many of your wooers ; faith
less and inconstant.
75. Ardor eris. ] You will be his first and
last love.-Devovet. ] He devotes.
76. Decoris. ] Of beauty. !
77. Fingetur.] Tranformed.
80. Primus.] The first fruits were offered
to Vertumnus.
FAB. XIV. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 531

Nec quas hortus alit, cum succis mitibus herbas ; nec herbas quas hortus alit
cum mitibus succis : nec quic
Nec quicquam, nisi te. Miserere ardentis ; et quam nisi te. Miserere ar
ipsum, dentis amore ; et crede ipsum
Qui petit, ore meo præsentem crede precari. qui petit, præsentem precari
Que time Dees ul
Ultoresque Deos, et pectora dura perosam 85 tores, meo ore.
et Idalien perosam dura
Idalien, memoremque time Rhamnusidis iram . pectora, memoremque iram
Quoque magis timeas, ( etenim mihi multa vetustas Rhamnusidis. Quoque time
Scire dedit) referam totâ notissima Cypro as magis, (etenim vetustas
Facta ; &a quibus flecti facilè et mitescere possis. dedit mihi scire multa) refe
ram facta notissima totâ Cy
pro : quibus possis facile flecti
et mitescere.
a Fata.
NOTES.
82. Mitibus. ] Pleasant. Rhamnusidis. ] Of this goddess, who takes
83. Miserere ardentis ] Commiserate his vengeance on wicked persons. See Lib. III .
passion. 87. Dedit mihi scire multa.] My years
86. Idalien.] Venus ; so called from Idalius, have given me an opportunity of knowing
a grove of Cyprus. many events.

EXP. FAB. XIII., What Ovid says of the amour between Vertumnus and
Pomona, has its foundation in the derivation of Vertumnus, which comes from
vertere, to change, or turn, signifying the vicissitudes of the seasons neces
sary to bring the fruits of the earth to perfection ; so that in order to please
Pomona, Vertumnus is said first to assume the form of a Labourer, a Reaper,
and an old Woman ; expressive of the Spring, Harvest, and Winter.
FAB . XIV . XV. & XVI. ANAXARETE IN LAPIDEM. ROMULUS IN
QUIRINUM , ET HERSILIA IN ORAM.
Vertumnus relates to Pomona , how Anaxarete was changed into a rock, as
her disdain had occasioned her lover Iphis to hang himself. After the
death of Amulius and Numitor, the last kings of Alba, Romulus builds
Rome and becomes king of it. Tatius king of the Sabines, declares war
against him, and is favoured by Juno. Venus protects the Romans. Ro
mulus and Hersilia are added to the number of the immortals, under the
names of Quirinus and Ora.

VIDERAT à veteris generosam sanguine Teucri Iphis creatus de humili stirpe

Iphis Anaxaréten, humili de stirpe creatus. viderat Anaxareten genero
sam, ortam à sanguine veteris
Viderat : et totis perceperat ossibus æstum . Teucri. Viderat ; et perce
Luctatusque diu, postquam ratione furorem perat æstum totis ossibus.
Vincere non potuit, supplex ad limina venit. 5 Luctatusque diu, postquam
Et modò nutrici miserum confessus amorem , non potuit vincere furorem ra
tione, venit supplex ad limi
Ne sibi dura foret, per spes oravit alumnæ. na. Et modò confessus mise
Et modò de multis blanditus cuique ministris, rum amorem nutrici, oravit
per spes alumnæ, ne foret dura
Solicitâ petiit propensum voce favorem. sibi. Et modò blanditus cui
ready que de multis ministris, petiit
propensum favorem solicitâ prece.

NOTES.

1. Teucri.] I suppose the person here meant Island Cyprus.

is Teucer the son of Telamon, whom his fa 6. Miserum amorem.] His unhappy flame.
ther Telamon banished from Salamis, because 9. Solicita. ] With a very anxious and ur
he did not revenge the death of his brother gent entreaty.
Ajax. And so he built a new Salamis inthe Propensum favorem .] Their kind favour.
532 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIV.

Sæpe dedit sua verba ferenda Sæpe ferenda dedit blandis sua verba tabellis:
blandìs tabellis : interdum in- Interdum madidas lacrymarum rore coronas 11
tendit coronas madidas rore
lacrymarum postibus ; posuit- Postibus intendit ; posuitque in limine duro
que molle latus in duro limine: Molle latus : tristique sera convicia fecit.
que fecit convicia tristi sera. Surdior illa freto surgente , cadentibus Hodis,
Illa surdior freto surgente, Durior et ferro, quod Noricus excoquit ignis,
Hodis cadentibus, et durior
ferro, quod Noricus ignis ex- Et saxo, quod adhuc vivum radice tenetur ; 16
coquit, et saxo, quod adhuc Spernit, et irridet : factisque immitibus addit
vivum tenetur radice ; sper- Verba superba ferox : et spe quoque fraudat a
nit, et irridet ; que ferox addit
superba verba immitibus fac mantem .
tis : et quoque fraudat aman- Non tulit impatiens longi tormenta doloris 19
tem spe. Iphis impatiens non Iphis et ante fores hæc verba novissima dixit :
tulit
et tormenta
dixit longi doloris
hæc novissima verba: Vincis, Anaxarete : neque erunt tibi tædia tandem
ante fores. Anaxarete, vincis : Ulla, ferenda mei. Lætos molire triumphos,
neque tandem ulla tædia mei Et Paana voca, nitidâque incingere lauro.
erunt ferenda tibi. Molire Vincis enim , moriorque libens ; age, ferrea gaude.
lætos triumphos, et voca
Paana, que incingere nitida Certè aliquid laudare mei cogêris, eritque
lauro. Enim vincis, morior. Quò tibi sim gratus : meritumque fatebere nostrum.
que libens ; ferrea, age, gaude. Non tamen antè tui curam cessisse memento, 27
Certè cogêris laudare aliquid Quam vitam; geminâque simul mihi luce caren
mei, eritque quòsim gratus tibi:
quefatebere nostrum meritum. dum .
Tamen memento curam tui Nec tibi Fama mei ventura est nuncia lethi ;
non cessisse antè quàm vitam; Ipse ego, ne dubites , adero ; præsensque videbor ;
que carendum mihi simul ge- Corpore ut exanimi crudelia lumina pascas. 31
minâ luce . Nec Fama nuncia Si tamen, ô Superi, mortalia fata videtis,
mei lethi est ventura tibi ; ego
ipse adero, ne dubites, præ- Este mei memores ; nihil ultra lingua precari
sensque videbor, ut pascas Sustinet ; et longo facite ut memoremur in ævo :
crudelia lumina exanimi cor 35
pore. Tamen Superi, si Et, quæ dempsistis, vitæ, date tempora famæ.
videtis mortalia facta, este
memores mei, lingua sustinet
precari nihil ultra ; et facite ut memoremur in longo ævo : et, date fame tempora quæ
dempsistis vitæ.

NOTES.. "
12. Intendit.] He hung up. For lovers,
when they were admitted to their Sweet
hearts, used to hang on their door posts
the garlands which they wore on their
heads.
Posuitque, &c. ] Iphis often lay at the door
of Anaxarete. The Poet shows that a sincere
lover does not hesitate to undergo the greatest
hardships to obtain the object of his desire.
13. Tristique seræ.] The cruel, ill-natured
lock, that kept the door fast.
Convicia fecit. ] He cursed.
1 14. Freto ] Than the sea, when it is agita
ted by a storm.--Cadentibus. ] Setting.
Hodis.] Stars, which at their rising, and
especially at their setting, occasion storms.
15. Noricus ] The Norici are a people in
habiting the Alps, which have abundance of
Iron.
16. Quod, &c.] Which have not yet been
dug out ofthe earth, and are called viva, live
stones. 晟
17. Spernit. Anaxarete, despising the bum
ble behaviour of Iphis, laughed at his com
plaints.-Immitibus factis.] To her barbarous
behaviour. For perhaps she had driven him
from the door.
18. Spe, &c. And deprives the unhappy
lover even of hope.
22. Lætos triumphos.] A joyful triumph.
23. Pæana vocat. ] Invoke the God Paan.
Sing merrily, as those do, who express their
joy for having obtained what they desired.
Incingere.] Crown yourselfwith green lau
rels, as triumphant persons do.
24. Ferrea.] Hard hearted and cruel.
25. Certe, &c.] Something in me at least
you shall be compelled to commend, viz. that
I have hanged myself to oblige you.
27. Curam.] The love that I bear towards
you.---- Cessisse.] sc. à me, I did not ceaseto
love you.
28. Geminâ luce.] Of my life, and ofthee
who art my light,
FAB. XV. METAMORPHOSEON. 533

Dixit : et tendens humentes

Dixit: et ad postes ornatos sæpe coronis
Humentes oculos et pallida brachia tendens, oculos et pallida brachia ad
postes sæpe ornatos. coronis,
Cùm foribus laquei religaret vincula a summi ; cùm religaret vincula summi
Hæc tibi serta placent, crudelis et impia, dixit .
laquei foribus dixit, Crudelis
Insèruitque caput, sed tum quoque versus, ad illam :
et impia, serta hæc placent ti
bi Inseruitque caput, sed tum
Atque onus infelix elisâ fauce pependit. 41 quoque versus ad illam : atque
Icta pedum motu trepidantum, ut multa ge- pependit infelix onus elisa
mentem [tum fauce Janua icta motu tre
Visa dedisse sonum est, adapertaque janua fac- pidantum pedum, visa est de
disse sonum gementem niulta,,
Prodidit; exclamant famuli : frustraque levatum adapertaque prodidit factum ;
(Nam paterocciderat ) referunt ad limina matris. famuli exclamant, que referunt
Accipit illa sinu, complexaque frigida nati [ tum levatum frustra ad limina na
tris (nam pater occiderat) Illa
Membra sui, postquam miserarum verba paren- accipit sinu, complexaque fri
Edidit ; et matrum miserarum facta peregit ; gida membra sui nati, post
Funera ducebat mediam lacrymosa per urbem ; quam edidit verba miserarum
Luridaque arsuro portabat membra feretro. 50 parentum et peregit facta mi
serarum matrum ; ducebat la
Fortè viæ vicina domus, quà flebilis ibat crymosa funera per mediam
Pompa, fuit : durique sonus plangoris ad aures urbem ; que portabat lurida
Venit Anaxaretes : quamjamDeus ultor agebat. membra feretro arsura. Fortè
Mota tamen, Videamus, ait, miserabile furus : domus fuit vicina › viæ, quà
flebilis pompa ibat : que sonus
Et patulis iniit tectum sublime fenestris. 55 duri plangoris venit ad aures
Vixque c bene impositum lecto prospexerat Iphin : Anaxaretes : quamjam Deus
Tamen mota
Diriguêre oculi : calidusque è corpore sanguis uitor agebat.
ait, Videamus miserabile fu
Inducto pallore fugit. Conataque retro nus : et iniit sublime tectum
Ferre pedes, hæsit : conata avertere vultus, patulis fenestris. Vixque bene
Hoc quoque non potuit : paulatimque occupat prospexerat Iphin impositum
artus, 60 lecto ; oculi diriguêre : cali
dusque sanguis fugit è corpore
Quod fuit in duro jampridem pectore, saxum. pallore inducto. Conataque
Neve ea ficta putes : dominæ sub imagine signum ferre pedes retro, hæsit : co
Servat adhuc Salamis : Veneris quoque nomine nata avertere vultus quoque
[lentos non potuit hoc : ' paulatimque
templum saxum, quod fuit jampridem
Prospicientis & habet. Quoruni memor, ô mea, in duro pectore, occupat artus.
Neve putes ea ficta ; Salamis
adhuc servat signum dominæ sub imagine : quoque habet templum nomine Veneris pro
spicientis. Quorum memor, ô mea,
a summis. b-trepidi mortemque timentis. c Vix bene compositum, &c.
d Ulciscentis habet, quorum memor, optima, lentos.

NOTES.
37. Humentes.] Weeping.
39. Hæc, &c ] Such a garland as this hal-
ter is will please you : a sarcasm,
40. Inseruitque. ] sc. Laqueo.
41. Elisâ.] Being drawn tight.
42. Icta.] Struck.
44. Famuli.] The servants of Anaxarete.
Frustra.] Lift up in vain, for he was now
dead.
45. Pater.] The father Iphis.
49. Funera, &c.] She took care to have
him handsomely buried.
50. Luridaque membra. ] His pale limbs.
Arsuro, &c.] The bier that was to be burn
ed with the corpse.
Portabat.] She took care to have it carried.
53. Quam.] Whom now the avenging
deity, Nemesis, persecutes.
55. Iniit.] She goes into the chamber.
56. Lecto ] The bier.
59. Hæsit. ] She stuck fast.
61. Saxum.] The hardness of a stone, which
already was in her heart.
62. Dominæ.] The statue of Anaxarete is
still remaining in Salaris.
64. Veneris prospicientis.] And there is a
temple dedicated to Venus prospiciens, i. e.
Venus the Beholder, so called on account of 1
Anaxarete, who beheld with an unconcerned
eye the funeral of her lover.
Lentos fastus.] Your inflexible disdain.
534 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIV.

Nymphe, precor, pone lentos Pone, precor, fastus, et amanti jungere, Nymphe.
fastus, et jungere amanti . Sic Sic tibi nec vernum nascentia frigus adurat 66
nec vernum frigus adurat nas
centia poma tibi ; nec rapidi Poma; nec excutiant rapidi florentia venti. [nes
venti excutiant florentia. Ubi Hæc ubi nequicquam formas Deus aptus in om.
Deus aptus in omnes formas Edidit ; in juvenem rediit : et anilia demit
nequicquam edidit hæc ; re
diit in juvenem, et demit ani . Instrumenta sibi. Talisque apparuit illi, 70
lia instrumenta sibi . Que ap- Qualis ubi oppositas nitidissima Solis imago
paruit talis illi, qualis ubi ni- Evicit nubes, nullâque obstante reluxit. [figurâ
tidissima imago Solis evicit Vimque parat : sed vi non est opus ; a inque
oppositas nubes, que reluxit
nullâ obstante. Que parat Capta Dei Nymphe est : et mutua vulnera sentit.
vim : sed non est opus vi que Proximus Ausonias injusti miles Amulî 75
Nymphe est capta in figurâ Rexit opes : Numitorque senex amissa nepotum
Dei, et sentit mutua vulnera. Munere
Miles injusti Amulî proximus regna capit : festisque Palilibus urbis
rexit Ausonias opes : que se- Mœnia conduntur. Tatiusque, patresque Sabini
nex Numitor capit amissa Bella gerunt : arcisque viâ Tarpeia reclusâ
regna munere nepotum : que Dignâ animam pœnâ congestis exuit armis. 80
menia urbis conduntur festis
Palilibus. Tatiusque, que Sa- Indè sati Curibus, tacitorum more luporum,
bini patres gerunt bella : que Ore premunt voces ; et corpora victa sopore
viâ arcis reclusâ Tarpeia exuit Invadunt : portasque petunt ; quas objice firmâ
animam dignâ pœnâ armis Clauserat Iliades. Unam tamen ipsa recludit,
congestis. Indè sati Curibus
premunt voces ore, more ta- Nec strepitum verso Saturnia cardine fecit. 85
citorum luporum ; et invadunt Sola Venus portæ cecidisse repagula sensit :
corpora victa sopore : que pe- Et clausura fuit ; nisi quòd rescindere nunquam
tunt portas ; quas Iliades clau
serat firma objice. Tamen Dis licet acta Deûm. Jano loca juncta tenebant
ipsa Saturnia recludit unam, Naïades Ausoniæ gelido rorantia fonte :
nec fecit strepitum cardine
verso. Sola Venus sensit re
pagula portæ cecidisse : et fuit clausura nisi quòd nunquam licet Dîs rescindere acta aliorum
Deûm. Ausoniæ Naïades tenebant loca juncta Jano rorantia gelido fonte :
a namque. b rabidorum.

NOTES.
65. Jungere.] Be married. 77. Palilibus.] This festival Palilia, (whe
66. Sic. An adverb of wishing. ther so called of Pales, a goddess of shep
Adurat .] The verb Uro, is used either to herds, or Parilia, from partus, the bringing
cold or hot things. forth of cattle) was celebrated on the day
68. Deus.] Vertumnus, who could turn the foundation of the city was laid, as our
himself into any shape. poet shows at large in the 41st Fast.
69. Juvenem .] His youthful shape. 79. Tarpeia,] A vestal virgin, the daugh
Anilia.] The emblems of old age, viz. his ter of Tarpeius, governor of the capitol, who
coif, staff, grey hairs, and other things that agreed to deliver it up to the enemy, on con
he has already mentioned in ver. 46. dition they would give her the fine things
71. Qualis.] How beautiful Vertumnus which they wore on their left arms, meaning
was when he had laid aside his old woman's their bracelets. When the Sabines entered
garb, the poet shows by a very proper simili the city, detesting the treachery of this dam
tude. sel, they buried her under their shields.
75. Sed vi ] Pomona was captivated by the Hence the mountain, which was before called
beauty of Vertumnus, and therefore easily Saturnius, received the name of Tarpeius.
condescended to his desire. 81. Sati Curibus .] The Sabines, whose
74. Mutua vulnera. ] A mutual flame. chief city was called Cures.
75. Ausonias ] The poet in what follows, 82. Premunt voces.] Are silent.
traces some of the most remarkable occur Victa sopore.] The Romans being fast a
rences of the Roman State. sleep.
76. Numitorque.] Romulus and Remus, 84. Iliades.] Romulus, the son of Ilia.
the sons of Mars and Rhea, restored the 85. Saturnia.] Juno, the daughter of Sa
kingdom to their grandfather Numitor, and turn.
beheaded their uncle Amulius, who had ex 88. Jano.] Near the temple of Janus.
pelled him.
FAB. XVI. METAMORPHOSEΩN. 535

Has rogat auxilium. Nec Nymphæ justa pe- rogat has auxilium. Nec Nym
tentem 90 phæ sustinuere Deam peten
tem justa que elicuère venas
Susţinuêre Deam : venasque et flumina fontis. et flumina sui fontis. Tamen
Elicuere suf. Nondum tamen invia Jani 1 nondum ora patentis Jani erant
Ora patentis erant, neque iter præcluserat unda, invia, neque unda præcluserat
iter. Supponunt lurida sulfura
Lurida supponunt fœcundo sulfura fonti, fœcundo fonti, incenduntque
Incenduntque cavas fumante bitumine venas. 95 cavas venas fumante bitumine.
Viribus his aliisque vapor penetravit ad ima Vapor penetravit ad ima fontis
his aliisque viribus . et aquæ
Fontis : et Alpino modò quæ certare rigore
quæ modò audebatis certare
Audebatis aquæ, non ceditis ignibus ipsis. Alpino rigore, non ceditis ipsis
Flammiferâ gemini fumant aspergine postes: 99 ignibus. Gemini postesfumant
Portaque, nequicquam rigidis permissa Sabinis, flammiferâ aspergine : porta
Fonte fuit præstructa novo ; dum Martius arma que, nequicquam permissarigi
Indueret miles. Quæ postquam Romulus ultrò dis,Sabinis, fuit præstructa no
vo fonte ; dùm Martius miles
Obtulit ; et strata est tellus Romana Sabinis indueret arma. Quæ postquam
Corporibus, a strataque suis ; generique cruorem Romulus ultrò obtulit : et Ro
Sanguine cum soceri permiscuit impius ensis : mana tellus est strata Sabinis
corporibus, strataque suis : que
Pace tamen sisti bellum, nec in ultima ferro 106 impius ensis permiscuit cruo
Decertare, placet : Tatiumque accedere regno. rem generi cum sanguine so
Occiderat Tatius, populisque æquata duobus, ceri : tamen placet bellum sis
Romule, jura dabas : positâ cùm casside Mavors ti pace, nec decertare ferro in
ultima, Tatiumque accedere
Talibus adfatur Divumque hominumque paren regno. Tatius occiderat, que
tem : Romule dabasjura æquatadu
Tempus adest, genitor, (quoniam fundamine obus populis : cùm Mavors
cassidepositâ adfaturparentem
magnoa_e Divûmque hominumque tali
Res Romana velot, nec præside pendet ab uno) bus : Genitor, tempus adest,
(quoniam Romana res valet
magno fundamine, nec pendet
-strata atque suis; ab uno præside)

NOTES. 6

92. Nondum.] For the Nymphs had not diers, who had arms under their garments,
yet rendered the gates of Janus impassable by seized upon the woman he fancied, and car
their waters ; therefore they put sulphur, ried her off to Rome. This outrage, so con
pitch, and other combustible materials in . trary to the law of nations, was the occasion
their waters. of a war, that had well nigh ruined the in
93. Patentis .] Open. fant Commonwealth.
95. Fumante bitumine.] With smoking 106. Ultima.] To utter destruction.
pitch. 107. Tatiumque. ] For among the other
97. Certare. Might vie with the cold of conditions of peace it was agreed, that Tatius
the Alps, which is very sharp. and Romulus should jointly reign with equal
100. Rigidis.] Severe, warlike. power and honour.
$6 101. Præstructa.] Obstructed, guarded. 108. Occiderat. ] Had been slain. The Poet
102. Martius miles.] The Romans who goes on with a sketch ofthe Roman affairs.
had their origin from Mars. Equata. ] Adapted to both people.
103 , Strata. Covered over. 109. Romule. ] Apostrophe to Romulus.
104. Generique.] For the Romans had car 110. Talibus.] A speech of Mars to Jupiter,
ried off the daughters of the Sabines for their in which he entreats him to admit his son
wives. The story, as related by Florus, is Romulus amongst the Gods, as he had already
this : Romulus finding it difficult to procure done for others.
wives for his men, who were the refuse f 111. Magno fundamine.] On a firm foun
almost every nation, had recourse to strata dation.
gem. He invited the Sabines, a neighbouring 112. Præside.] q. d. Nor can it be suffici
people to an horse-race, and while they ently protected and defended by the care and
were intent upon their sport, each of his sol providence of one deity only.
 536 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XIV.

solvere præmia quæ promissa Præmia quæ promissa mihi, dignoque nepoti
mihi dignoque nepoti, et im
ponere ablatum terris cœlo. Solvere, et ablatum terris imponere cœlo. 114
Tu quondam dixisti mihi, con Tu mihi concilio quondam præsente Deorum,
cilio Deorum præsente (nam (Nam memoro, memorique animo pia verba no
memoro, que notavi pia ver- Unus erit, quem tu tolles in cærula cœli : [tavi)
ba memori animo) erit unus, Dixisti . Rata sit verborum summa tuorum .
quem tu tolles in cœrula cœli.
Sit summa tuorum verborum Annuit Omnipotens : et nubibus aëra cæcis
rata. Omnipotens annuit; et Occuluit, tonitrûque et fulgure terruit urbem.
occuluit aëra cæcis nubibus, Quae sibi promissæ sensit data signa rapinæ, 121
que terruit urbem tonitru et
fulgure. Quæ Gradivus sensit Innixusque hastæ, pressos temone cruento
data signa rapinæ promissa si- Impavidus conscendit equos Gradivus, et ictu
bi, innixusque hastæ, impavi- Vrrberis increpuit : prônumque per aëre lapsus
dus conscendit equos pressos
cruento temone, et increpuit Constitit in summo nemorosi colle Palatî : 125
ictu verberis que lapsus per Reddentemque suo jam regia jura Quiriti
pronum aëra, constitit in sum- Abstulit Iliaden. Corpus mortale per auras
mo colle nemorosi l'alati : que Dilapsum tenues : ceu latà plumbea fundâ
abstulit Iliaden jam redden
tem regia jura suo Quiriti. Missa solet medio glans intabescere cœlo.
Mortale corpus dilapsum per Pulchra subit facies, et pulvinaribus altis 130
tenues auras : ceu plumbea
Dignior, et qualis trabeati forma Quirini.
glans missa latâ fundà soletin- Flebat, ut amissum, conjux ; cùm regia Juno
tabescere medio cœlo. Pul
chra facies subit, et dignior al- Irin ad Hersiliam descendere limite curvo
tis pulvinaribus et qualis for- Imperat : et a vacuæ sua sic mandata referre :
ma trabeati Quirini. Conjux O et de Latiâ, ô et de
flebat, ut amissum ; cùm regia gente Sabinâ 135
Juno imperat Irin descendere Præcipuum matrona decus ; dignissima tanti
ad Hersiliam curvo limite : et Antè fuisse viri, conjux nunc esse Quirini ;
sic referrc suamandata vacuæ.
O matrona præcipuum decus et de Latiâ, et de Sabinâ gente : dignissima antè fuisse conjux
viri tanti, nunc esse Quirini ;
a vdu iæ.

NOTES.

113. Nepoti.] To Romulus, of whom I, shipped him accordingly.

Mars, your son, am the father.
114. Solvere præmia.] To confer.
Imponere cœlo.] To take him into the
number of the Gods.
116. Memoro. ] I remember. In other
places memorare is to relate.
117. Unus.] These are the words of Jupi
ter to Mars.. -Nubibus.] We have an ac
count in Florus of the ᾿Αποθεύσις or dei
fication of Romulus ; who as he was making
an oration near the city at the lake Caprea,
was suddenly taken out of sight. Some of
the Senators conjectured he had been torn in
pieces, on account of his cruel disposition :
But a tempest arising, and an Eclipse of the
Sun happening at that time, these extraordi
nary circumstances favoured the story of his
consecration. And soon after Julius Proculus,
affirming that he saw Romulus appear in a
more venerable form than usual, and that he
commanded them to esteem him as a God,
and telling them, that in Heaven he was call
ed Quirinus, the people believed it, and wor
121. Sensit.] Perceived.
Signa.] The tokens of his father Jupiter's
approbation.
124. Verberis.] Of a whip.
125. Nemorosi Palati. ] Mount Palatium is
one of the hills of Rome, famous B for being
the seat of the emperors.
127. Iliaden.] Romulus, the son of Ilia.
129. Intabescere. ] To melt.
130. Pulvinaribus altis dignior. ] Suited to
the lofty mansions of the gods. Pulvinaria
are a sort of couches, which the Romans
erected for the gods in their temples.
131. Trabeati.] The Trabea was a coat or
garment party-coloured of purple and white,
in stripes.
133. Hersiliam.] The wife of Romulus,
whose tranlation the Poet relates in the next
fable. -Limite. He means the Rainbow,
by which Iris is said to descend.
137. Nunc esse Quirini.] And now worthy
to be the spouse of the God.
FAB. XVI. METAMORPHOSEON. 537

Siste tuos fletus : et, si tibi cura videndi siste tuos fletus : et si cura est
tibi videndi conjugis, pete lu
Conjugis est, duce me, lucum pete colle Quirino ; cum colle Quirino, me duce,
Qui viret, et templum Romani regis obumbrat. qui viret, et obumbrat tem
Paret, et in terram pictos delapsa per arcus 141 plum Romani regis . Paret
Hersiliam jussis compellat vocibus Iris. Iris, et delapsa in terram per
Ille verecundo vix tollens lumina vultu , [tum est; liam arcus,vocibus
pictosjussis compellat Hersi
. Illa vix
O Dea, (namque mihi, nec quæ sis dicere promp- tollens lumina verecundo vul
Et liquet esse Deam) duc, ò duc, inquit : et offer tu, O Dea, (namque nec est
Conjugis ora mihi. Quæ si modò posse videre promptum mihi dicere quæ
Fatasemel dederint ; cœlum a aspectàsse fatebor. quit sis ; ;etduc,
liquet esse Deam)
& duc: in
et offer ora
ô
Nec mora ; Romuleos cum virgine Thaumanteâ conjugis mihi. Quæ si fata
Ingreditur colles. Ibi sidus ab æthere lapsum modò dederint posse videre se
Decidit in terras : â cujus lumine flagrans 150 mel ; fatebor aspectâsse cœlum .
Nec mora ; ingreditur Romu
Hersilia crinis cum sidere cessit in auras. leos colles cum Thaumantea
Hanc manibus notis Romanæ conditor urbis virgine. Ibi sidus lapsum ab
Excipit : et priscum pariter cum corpore nomen æthere decidit in terras ; a
lumine cujus crinis Hersiliæ
Mutat; Oramque vocat. Quæ nunc Deajunc flagrans cessit
in auras cum si
ta Quirino est. dere. Conditor Romanæ ur
bis excipit illam notis mani
bus : et mutat priscum nomen pariter cum corpore ; que vocat Oram ; quæ nunc est Dea
juncta Quirino. a aspexisse videbor.

NOTES.

138. Siste tuos fletus.] Leave off weeping.
139. Pete lucum.] Go to the grove.
140. Romani regis.] Of Romulus, who
after his death was called Quirinus.
141. Pictos. ] Striped with various colours.
145. Liquet. ] It is clear or manifest.
Offer.] Show me.
146. Ora. ] The face, the form .
148. Romuleos colles.] The Quirinal hill.
Virgine.] With Iris, the daughter of Thau
mas.
151. Cessit in auras. ] Mounted to the sky.
152. Notis.] Well known.
Conditor.] Romulus.
155. Priscum nomén.] For her body was
rendered immortal ; and instead of Hersilia
she was called Ora.
154. Juncta Quirino. ] Ora was worship
ped in the same temple with Romulus.

EXP. FAB. XIV. XV. & XVI. What is related of Anaxarete being turn
ed into a rock for her insensibility, is to be considered as nothing more
than a poetical licence to ornament the relation , like some ofour poets, who
transform the eyes of their Phyllises into stars. The remainder of these Fables,
being confined to historical transactions, require not any explanation. But
before we quit the subject, we shall observe the distinction that separates the
Historian from the Poet. The first is to relate facts with a strict attention
to truth ; this confines the writer to a narrative of them as they arise, and
to a language that will best express them ; while the Poet gives a loose to
his imagination, and of course abounds more in fiction than in fact. Ovid,
in these Fables , relates some circumstances well known in the Roman his.
tory, with a grandeur well suited to the sublimity of his genius. Thus,
when he mentions the entry of the Sabines into Rome, he brings down the
Queen of Heaven to open the gates for them ; and when he says they en
gaged the Romans near the Temple of Janus, he makes the Nymphs of the
Fountains, at the request of Venus, pour forth rivers of flame, to force them
to retire. With the same licence has he proceeded, embellishing his ac
count of facts, and indulging a genius and fancy which are inimitable and
peculiar to himself. 1
Zzz
 [ 538 ]

P. OVIDII NASONIS

ΜΕΤΑΜΟRPHOSEΩΝ

LIBER XV.

FAB. I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. & VIII. CALCULI IN NIGRUM COLOREM.
ANIME IN VARIAS SPECIES. EUPHORBAS IN PYTHAGORAM. ELE
MENTA IN VARIAS SPECIES. EGERIA IN VALLEM ARICINAM SE CON
FERT. HIPPOLYTUS IN DEUM VIRBIUM. EGERIA IN FONTEM. GLEBA
IN PUERI FIGURAM MUTATA. JACULUM ROMULI IN ARBOREM. CIP
PUS FACTUS CORNUTtus.

THE ARGUMENT.

Myscelos, son of Alemon, is warned by Hercules in a dream, to leave Ar

gos, and settle in Italy. He is prevented, when departing, by a law
which forbids the Argians to leave the City without the Magistrate's per
mission : He is tried, and by a miracle absolved . He retires into Italy,
and builds the City of Crotona. Pythagoras comes there and teaches.
His reputation draws Numa Pompilius to him. The Poet takes this
occasion to speak of his philosophy. Egeria, Numa's wife, is inconsol
able on account of his death , and is at last changed into a fountain.
Hippolytus's horses are scared by a Sea-Bull ; and he is killed by a fall
from his chariot. Tages the diviner, arises out of a tuft of grass. Ro
mulus's Lance is changed into a Tree. Cippus goes into voluntary
banishment, rather than his country should lose its liberty, by his be
coming King of it.

Interea
neat quæritur
pondera tantæ molis, que QUÆRIT
quisusti- UR interea, qui tantæ pondera
molis
queat succedere tanto regi.
Fama prænuntia veri destinat Sustineat, tantoque queat succedere regi.
clarum Numam imperio. Ille Destinat imperio a clarum prænuntia veri
non habet satis cognôsse ritus Fama Numam. Non ille satis cognosse Sabina
Sabinæ gentis, concipit majora Gentis habet ritus : animo majora capaci 5
capaci anime :
a Latio.

NOTES.

1. Tantæ molis.] Of so great an empire. 3. Clarum. ] , Noble, il ascrious for his jus
2 Tantoque regi.] So great a king as Ro tice and integrity.
mulus was. 5. Ritus. The manners or customs.
 FAB. 11. METAMORPHOSEON. 539

Concipit : et quæ sit rerum natura requirit. et requirit quæ sit natura
Hujus amor curæ, patriâ Curibusque relictis, rerum. Amor hujus curæ,
Fecit, ut Herculei penetraret ad hospitis urbem. patriâ Curibusque relictis,
fecit ut penetraret ad urbem
Graia quis Italicis auctor posuisset in oris Herculei hospitis. Unus e seni
Moenia quærenti, sic e senioribus unus 10 oribus indigenis, non inscius
historiarum veteris ævi, sic
Rettulit indigenis, veteris non inscius ævi
4 : rettulit quærenti, quis auctor
Dives ab Oceano bubus Jove natus Iberis posuisset Graia moenia in
Littora felici tenuisse Lacinia cursu Italicis oris : NatusJove, dives
Fertur : et, armento teneras errante per herbas, Iberis bubus, fertur tenuisse
Ipse domum magni nec inhospita tecta Crotonis Lacinia littora felici cursu ab
Oceano : et ipse intrâsse do
+ Intrâsse ; et requie longum relevâsse laborem
; mum, nec inhospita tecta mag
Atque ita discedens, vo, dixisse, nepotum ni Crotonis, armento errante
Hic locus urbis erit ; promissaque vera fuerunt. per teneras herbas ; et relevas
se longum laborem itineris
Nam fuit Argolico generatus Alemone quidam requie atque disceden dixisse
; s,
Myscelos, illius Dis acceptissimus ævi. 20 ita, Hic erit locus urbis ævo
Hunc super incumbens pressum gravitate soporis nepotum; promissaquefuerunt
Claviger alloquitur : Patrias, age, desere sedes : vera. Nam fuit quidam
Myscelos generatus Argolico
I, pete diversi lapidosas Æsaris undas : Alemone, acceptissimus Dîs
Et, nisi paruerit, multa ac metuenda minatur, exhominibus illiusævi. Claviger
Post ea discedunt pariter Somnusque Deusque, incumbens super hunc alloqui
Surgit Alemonides ; a tacitâque recentia mente turpressum gravitate soporis :
Age, desere patrias sedes, i,
Visa refert : pugnatque diu sententia secum. 27 pete lapidosas undas diversi
Numen abire jubet : prohibent discedere leges : Esaris. Ac minatur multa
Panaque mors posita est patriam mutare volenti. metuenda, nisi paruerit. Post
Candidus Oceano nitidum caput abdiderat Sol, ea Somnusque Deusque disce
duntpariter. Alemonides sur
Et caput extulerat densissima sidereum Nox : 31 git; que refert recentia visa
Visus adesse idem Deus est, eademque monere ; tacitâ mente : que sententia
Et, nisi paruerit, plura et graviora minari. pugnat diu secum. Numen
Pertimuit: patriumque simul transferre parabat jubet abire, leges prohibent
discedere, que mors est posita
pœna volenti mutare patriam. Candidus Sol abdiderat nitidum caput Oecano, et densissima
Nox extulerat sidereum caput : idem Deus visus est adesse, que monere eadem : et minari
plura et graviora, nisi paruerit. Pertimuit : que simul parabat transferre patrium
α -tacitâque recondita mente Jussa refert.

NOTES.
6. Requirit.] He enquires into, searches Lacinius, whom Hercules is said to have
after. slain.
7. Hujus curæ.] The desire of learning. 16. Longum laborem.] The fatigue of a
Curibusque.] Cures was a very rich city long journey.
2 of the Sabines ; from whence were thekings, 19. Argolico.] Born at Argos.
T. Tatius, and Numa Pompilius. 20. Acceptissimus.] Very acceptable.
8. Penetraret. ] He travelled. 21. Hunc.] An Anastrophe.
Herculei hospitis. Of Croto, who enter Pressum, &c. ] In a sound sleep.
tained Hercules when he returned from Spain, 22. Claviger.] Hercules armed with a club.
with the herbs of Geryon, and learned from 23. Pete.] Inquire for, seek out.- Diversi. }
him that a city should be built in that place, great way from hence. sc. from Argos.
which Myscelos afterwards verified. Esaris.] A river near Croton.
11. Non inscius. ] Well skilled in ancient 25. Deusque. ] Hercules.
histories. 26. Recentia visa.] The late vision.
12. Jove natus.] Hercules. Iberis.] Spa 27. Pugnatque.] Wavers.
nish. So called from the river Iberus. 30. Candidus. ] A description of the night.
13. Littora Lacinia. ] Lacinium is a pro Densissima nox.] Gloomy night.
montory in the farthest part of Italy, divi 32. Idem.] sc. Cum.
ding the Ionian sea from the Adriatic, 34. Patriumque, &c. ] His whole family.
between Petilia and Croton, so called from
540 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XV.

penetrale in novas sedes : mur- In sedes penetrale novas : fit murmur in urbe :
mur fit in urbe : que agitur Spretarumque agitur legum reus. a Utque
reus spretarum legum. Ut
que prior causa est peracta, peract a est [batum,
crimenque patet probatum si- Causa prior, crimenque patet sinè teste pro
ne teste, reus squalidus, tollens Squalidus ad Superos tollens reus ora manusque,
ora manusque ad superos, in
quit, O tu cui bis sex labores O cui jus cœli bis sex fecêre labores, [ nis auctor.
nam tu mihi crimi
fecere jus cæli, precor fer Fer precor, inquit, opem :
opem : nam tu auctor hujus Mos erat antiquus, niveis atrisque lapillis, 41
criminis mihi. Erat mos an- His damnare reos, illis absolvere culpæ.[omnis
tiquus damnare niveis atrisque Nunc quoque sic lata est sententia tristis : et
lapillis, reos his, absolvere
culpæ illis. Nunc quoque Calculus immitem demittitur ater in urnam . 44
tristis sententia est sic lata : Quæ simul cffudit numerandos versa lapillos :
et omnis ater calculus demit- Omnibus e nigro color est mutatus in album :
titur in immitem urnam. Qua Candidaque Herculeo sententia munere facta
simul versa effudit lapillos
numerandos ; color est mutatus Solvit Alemoniden. Grates agit ille parenti
e nigro in album omnibus : Amphitryoniada : ventisque faventibus æquor
que sententia facta candida Navigat Ionium : Lacedæmoniumque Tarentum
Herculeo munere solvit Ale
moniden. Ille agit grates Præterit, et Sybarin, Salentinumque Nexthum ,
parenti Amphitryonida : que Thurinosque sinus, Temesenque, et lapygis
navigat Ionium æquor faven arva,
tibus ventis : que præterit Vixque pererratis quæ spectant littora terris,
Lacedæmonium Tarentum, et
Sybarin, Salentinumque Nea- Invenit Æsarei fatalia fluminis ora : [ Crotonis
thum, Thurinosque sinus, Te- Nec procul hinc tumulum, sub quo sacrata
mesenque, et arva Iapygis. Ossa tegebat humus : jussâque ibi mœnia terrà
Que terris quæ spectant litto- Condidit ; et nomen tumulati traxit in urbem.
ra vix pererratis, invenit fa
talia ora sarei fluminis : nec Talia constabat certâ primordia famâ
procul hinctumulum, sub quo Esse loci, positaque Italis in finibus urbis.
humus tegebat sacrata ossa Vir fuit hic ortu Samius : sed fugerat unà 60
Crotonis : que ibi condidit Et Samon et dominos ; odioque tyrannidis exul
monia jussâ terrâ : et traxit
pomen tumulati in urbem.
Constabat certâ fama primordia loci esse talia, que urbis positæ in Italis finibus. Hic fuit
vir Samius ortų ; sed fugerat una et Samon et dominos ; et erat exul sponta odio tyrannidis,
a utque peracta. b Causa fuit,

NOTES.

36. Spretarum legum.] For contempt of
the laws.- -- Agitur reus, ] He is accused.
Reum peragere, is to condemn.
57. Sîne teste.] For he confessed that he
designed to travel.
39. Bis sex, &c.] The labours of Hercules
-Fecêre jus. ] Have advanced.
40. Nam tu, &c.] For you urged me to
remove my habitation.
42. His.] With black pebbles.
Illis.] With white.
43. Sententia tristis.] The heavy sentence.
44. Urnam.] A vessel in which the Ballots
of the Judges were collected. An urn is also
a vessel in which water is drawn out of a well.
And in urnsthe ashes ofdead bodies were kept.
47. Candida.] Alluding to the Ballots.
50. Lacedæmoniumque.] Built by the La
cedæmonians. Tarentum is a city of Calabria.
51. Sybarin.] A town of Greece. "
Neæthum.] A river of Salentine.
52. Thurinos.] Thurium is a city of Ca
labria.- Temesenque.] A town famous for
mines of brass.
Iapygis.] The promontory of Iapyx.
54. Esarei.] See ver. 23.
Fatalia ora.] The port destined by fate for
his settlement.
Tumulum.] A Sepulchre.
56. Jussaque.] Commanded by Hercules.
57. Nomen.] Croton received its name
from Croton the hero, whence the people
were called Crotonians.
60. Hic.] There, that is at Croton, whi
ther Numa Pompilius went to hear Pytha
goras.
Ortu.] By descent.
61. Dominos.] The Tyrants or Kings.
FAB. 1. METAMORPHOSEΩN. 541

Sponte erat. Isque, licèt cœli regione remotos, Isque adiit Deos mente, licet
Mente Deos adiit : et, quæ Natura negabat remotos regione cœli : et hau
sit ea oculis pectoris , quæ Na
Visibus humanis, oculis ea pectoris hausit. tura negabat humanis visibus.
Cumque animo, et vigili perspexerat omnia curâ; Cumque perspexerat omnia
In medium discenda dabat : coetumque silentum, animo vigilimedium et curâ ; dabat
discenda in ; que do
Dictaque mirantum, magni primordia mundi, cebat coetum silentum, que mi
Et rerum causas, et quid Natura docebat ; [ go : rantum dicta, et primordia
Quid Deus : unde nives, quæ fulminis esset ori- magni mundi, et causas rerum,
Jupiter, an venti, discussâ nube tonarent : 70 et quid Natura ; quid Deus
esset : unde nives : quæ esset
Quid quateret terras ; quâ sidera lege mearent ; origo fulminis : Jupiter, an
Et quodcunque latet. Primusque animalia mensis venti tonarent nube discussa :
Arcuita imponi : primus quoque talibus ora quid quateret terras : quâ lege
Docta quidem solvit, sed non et credita, verbis. sidera mearent ; et quodcun
que latet cæteros homines. Pri
Parcite, mortales, dapibus temerare nefandis 75 musque arcuit animalia impo
Corpora. Sunt fruges : sunt deducentia ramos ni mensis : primus quoque
Pondere poma suo, tumidæque in vitibus uvæ ; quidem solvitnon docta ora talibus
Sunt herbæ dulces sunt, quæ mitescere flam- verbis, sed et credita.
Mortales, parcite temerare cor
Mollirique queant. Nec vobis lacteus humor [ ma pora nefandis dapibus. Sunt
Eripitur, nec mella thymi redolentia florem. 80 fruges : sunt poma deducen
Prodiga divitias alimentaque mitia tellus tia ramos suo pondere, tumi
Suggerit; atque epulas sinè cæde et sanguine præbet . dæque uvæ in vitibus : sunt
dulces herba : sunt, quæ que
Carne feræ sedant jejunia : nec tamen omnes. ant mitescere flammâ molliri
Quippe equus, et pecudes, armentaque gramine que. Nec lacteus humor eri
vivunt. [rumque, pitur vobis, nec mella redolen
immansuetumque tia florem thymi. Prodiga tel
At, quibus ingenium est fe- lus suggerit divitias alimen
Armeniæ tigres, iracundique leones, 86 taque mitia : atque præbet
epulas sinè cæde et sanguine.
Feræ sedant jejunia carne : tamen nec omnes. Quippe equus, et pecudes, armentaque vivunt
gramine. At quibus est immansuetumque ferumque ingenium, Armeniæ tigres, iracundi
que leones,
a Arguit. b-quæ mitescere possunt, Et mollire famem, nec, &c.

NOTES.

63. Mente.] By the strength of his mind.
Adiit Deos. ] He searched out heavenly
and divine things.
64. Oculis pectoris. ] His mind's eye.
Hausit.] He traced.
65. Vigili.] With diligent study.
66. Dabat discenda in medium.] Commu
nicated his discoveries to his followers.
67. Dictaque.] His sayings. It is reported
that Pythagoras was of so great authority,
that his scholars gave implicit credit to what
ever he said ; so that if they were asked the
reason of any thing they affirmed, the reply
was, ' Auros 0y, Ipse dixit ; i. e. He has
said so, meaning Pythagoras ; looking upon
that as evidence indisputable .
Primordia.] The origin ; concerning which,
the opinions of philosophers are various.
68. Et quid Natura.] And the course of
nature.
69. Quid Deus.] What God is.
Unde.] From what cause snow and thun
der proceed.
70. Jupiter, an venti. ] For some say that
thunder is a vehement concussion of the air ;
others think it to be an eruption of wind col
lected in the clouds.
71. Quid quateret terras.] What was the
cause of earthquakes.
Quâ lege.] For some stars are said to move
with the world, and others contrary to it.
72. Et quodcunque. ] Pythagoras taught
men all the mysteries of nature.
73. Arcuit. He forbid.
75: Parcite violare.] Don't violate, don't
pollute.
76. Deducentia. ] Bending, weighing down.
77. Tumidæque. ] Swelling with juice.
79. Mollirique ] Made soft, boiled.
Lacteus humor.] Milk.
80. Thymi.] Thyme ; an herb of which
bees are very fond.
81. Prodiga tellus.] The lavish earth.
82. Suggerit. ] Affords.
84. Pecudes . ] Sheep .--- Armentaque.] Oxea.
85. Ingenium ferum . ] A fierce nature.
 542 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XV.

que ursi cum lupis gaudent Cumque lupis ursi, dapibus cum sanguine gau
dapibus cum sanguine. Heu dent.
quantum scelus est, viscera [di,
condi in viscera, que avidum Heu quantum scelus est, in viscera viscera con
corpus pinguescere corpore Congestoque avidum pinguescere corpore corpus ;
congesto
vere que animantem
letho; alterius vi-! Alteriusque animantem animantis vivere letho !
animantis
Scilicet in tantis opibus, quas Scilicet in tantis opibus, quas optima matrum
terra optima matrum parit, nil Terra parit, nil te nisi tristia mandere sævo
juvat te nisi mandere tristia Vulnera dente juvat, ritusque referre Cyclopum ?
vulnera animalium sævo dente, Nec, nisi perdideris alium, placare voracis
que referre ritus
Nec poteris placare jejunia vo- Et malê morati poteris jejunia ventris ? 95
racis et malè morati ventris, At vetus illa ætas, cui fecimus Aurea nomen,
nisi perdideris alium ? At illa Foetibus arboreis, et, quas humus educat, herbis
vetus ætas cui fecimus nomen Fortunata fuit : nec polluit ora cruore.
Aurea, fuit fortunata arboreis
fœtibus, et herbis, quas humus Tunc et aves a tutas movêre per aëra pennas ;
educat : nec polluit ora cruore. Et lepus impavidus mediis erravit in agris : 100
Tunc et aves movêre tutas Nec sua credulitas picem suspenderat hamo :
pennas per aëra; et lepus erra
vit impavidus in mediis agris : Cuncta sinê insidiis, nullamque tinentia fraudem,
nec sua credulitas suspenderat Plenaque pacis erant. Postquam non utilis auctor
piscem hamo : cuncta erant Victibus invidit, 6 ( quisquis fuit ille virorum ) 104
sinè insidiis plenaque pacis, Corporeasque dapes avidam demèrsit in alvum,
que timentia nullam fraudem. Fecit iter sceleri : primâque e cæde ferarum
Postquam non utilis auctor in 1
vidit victibus, (quisquis viro- Incaluisse putem maculatum sanguine ferrum;
rum ille fuit) que demersit Idque satis fuerat : nostrumque petentia lethum
corporeas dapes in avidam al- Corpora missa neci salvâ pietate fatemur : 109
vum ; fecit iter sceleri : que Sed quàm danda neci, tam non epulanda fuerunt.
putem ferrum maculatum san
guine incaluisse e primâ cæde Longiùs indè nefas abiit : et prima putatur
ferarum ; idque fuerat satis : Hostia sus meruisse mori : quia semina pando
que fatemur corpora petentia Eruerit rostro, spemque interceperit anni.
nostrum lethum missa neci
pietate salvâ : sed non fuerunt Vite caper c morsâ Bacchi mactandus ad aras
1
tam epulanda, quàm danda neci. Indè nefas abiit longiùs : et sus putatur meruisse mori
prima hostia : quia eruerit semina pando rostro, que interceperit spem anni. Caper, morsà
vite, ducitur mactandus ad aras Bacchi ultoris.
a tutæ. b (quisquis fuit ille ferorum.) c rosá.

NOTES.
88. Viscera in viscera condi.] To bury
bowels in bowels.
93. Ritusque.] The manners of the Cyclops,
who eat human flesh raw. As if he had said,
It is a base thing for man to imitate their sa
vage and inhuman customs.
95. Malè morati. ] A depraved appetite.
96. Aurea. ] See Lib. I.
97. Fætibus arboreis.] The fruits of trees.
98. Fortunata ] Happy, blessed.
Polluit.] Defiled.
99, Tutas.] Secure, out of danger. For
then nets were not spread to catch them.
100. Impavidus. ] Without fear.
104. Victibus invidit.] Envied us thissimple
food.--Quisquis, &c.] For he knows not who
it was. The poets impute it to Jupiter.
105. Corporeas dapes.] Animal food.
106. Fecit iter sceleri. ] Opened a way for
slaughter and murder.
108. Idque.] sc. To kill beasts.
Nostrumque lethum.] Pythagoras says, that
although beasts that are hurtful may be de
stroyed, their flesh should not be eaten.
111. Inde. ] From killing wild beasts, men
proceeded to kill those that were tame, and
afterwards to the murder of their own species.
Pando rostro.] With her crooked snout.
113. Eruerit.] Rooted up. It was custo
mary to sacrifice a sowto Ceres, as it was also
to sacrifice a goat to Bacchus.
Spem anni.] The standing corn, &c.
114. Morsa vite.] For having gnawed the
vine.
 FAB. I. METAMORPHOSEΩN. 543
u
Dicitur ultoris. Nocuit sua culpa duobus. 115 Sua culpanocuit duobus. Oves,
Quid meruistis oves, placidum pecus, inque quid meruistis,
cus, que natum inplacidum pe
tuendos ho
a tuendos [tar ? mines, quæ fertis nectar in
Natum homines, pleno quæ fertis in ubere nec- pleno ubere? Quæ præbetis ves
Mollia quæ nobis vestras velamina lanas 118 tras lanas mollia velamina no
bis ; que juvatis magis vitâ
Præbetis : vitâque magis quàm morte juvatis. quàm morte. Quid boves me
Quid meruere boves, animal sinè fraude dolisque, ruêre, innocuum, simplex ani
Innocuum, simplex, natum tolerare labores ? mal, sinè fraude dolisque, na
Immemor best demum, nec frugum munere tum tolerare labores ? Demum
est immemor nec dignus mu
dignus, nere frugum, qui potuit mac
Qui potuit, curvi dempto modò pondere aratri, tare suum ruricolam, pondere
curvi aratri modò dempto : qui
Ruricolam mactare suum : qui trita labore percussit securi illa colla trita
Illa, quibus toties durum renovaverat arvum, labore, quibus toties renovav
e
Tot dederat messes, percussit colla securi . 126 rat arvum, dederat tot messes.
Nec satís est, quòd tale nefas committitur : ipsos Nec est satis, quòd tale nefas
Inscripsêre Deos sceleri : Numenque Supernum committitur : inscripsère Deos
ipsos sceleri : que credunt Su
Cæde laboriferi credunt gaudere juvenci. pernum Numen gaudere cæde
Victima labe carens, et præstantissima formâ, laboriferi juvenci. Victima
(Nam placuisse nocet ) vittis præsignis et auro, carens labe, et præstantissima
Sistitur ante aras ; auditque ignara precantem• : formâ, (nam nocet placuisse)
præsignis vittis et auro, sisti
Imponique suæ videt inter cornua fronti, tur ante aras ; que ignara au
Quas coluit fruges : percussaque sanguine cultros dit precantem : que videt fru
Inficit in liquidâ prævisos forsitan undâ. 135 ges, quas coluit, imponi inter
cornuasuæ fronti : percussaque
Protinus ereptas viventi pectore fibras inficit cultros sanguine, forsi
Inspiciunt: mentesque Deûm scrutantur in illis. tan prævisos in liquidâ undâ.
Unde fames homini vetitorum tanta ciborum? Protinus inspiciunt fibras erep
Audetis vesci, genus cô mortale? Quod, oro, tas viventi pectore, que scru
mentes Deûm in illis,
Ne facite : et monitis animos advertite nostris. tantur Unde tanta fames vetitorum
Cumque boum dabitis cæsorum membra palato ; ciborum homini ? O mortale
Mandere vos vestros scite et sentite colonos. genus, audetis vesci carnibus ?
Et quoniam Deus ora movet ; sequar ora mo vertite Quod, oro, ne facite : et ad
animos nostris monitis.
ventem
Cumque dabitis membra cæso
Ritè Deum ; Delphosque meos, ipsumque re- rum boum palato; scite et sen
cludam tite vos mandere vestros colo
nos. Et quoniam Deus movet
ora : sequar Deum rite moven
tem ora ; que recludam meos Delphos, ipsumque
a tegendos.- best Divûm, vel, ille Deûm, nec, &c.- c immortale ?

NOTES.
115. Duobus.] Both the sow and the goat.
Pythagoras allows that they ought to be killed,
but that sheep and oxen, being quite harmless
and beneficial to mankind, ought not to be
killed but preserved.
117. Nectar.] Milk.
121. Tolerare. ] To bear, to undergo la
bour.
122. Immemor. ] Ungrateful.
124. Ruricolam.] the Ox, that tills the
land -Trita. ] Worn.
128. Inscripsêre.] They make the gods the
partakers of their wickedness.- Numenque.]
1 Jupiter, to whom they sacrificed an heifer,
130. Labe carens.] Without blemish.
131. Nam, &c. ] For to excel proves its ruin.
137. Inspiciunt. ] Thence they are called
Haruspices, of aras inspiciendo, vel sacrificiis
inspiciendis, i. e. of inspecting the sacrifices.
Scrutantur.] They examine, search after.
138. Vetitorum ciborum.] Of forbidden
meats.
142. Vestros colonos.] The tillers of your
ground.
143. Movet.] Inspires me.
a 144. Delphosque. ] My opinion, which is
as true as the oracle of Delphos, which I re
verence.
544 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XV.

æthera, et reserabo oracula au- Æthera ; et augustæ reserabo oracula mentis.

gustæ mentis. Canam magna, 146
nec investigata ingeniis prio- Magna nec ingeniis evestigata priorum,
rum, quæque latuêre diu. Ju- Quæque diu latuêre, canam. Juvat ire per alta
vat ire per alta astra : juvat ve- Astra : juvat, terris et inerti sede relictis,
hi nube, terris et inerti sede Nube vehi ; validique humeris insistere Atlantis :
relictis ; que insistere humeris
validi Atlantis : que despectare Falantesque animos passim, ac rationis egentes,
procul animos palantes passim, Despectare procul, trepidosque obitumque ti
ac egentes rationis, que sic ex mentes
hortari trepidos que timentes Sic exhortari ; seriemque evolvere fati .
obitum ; que evolvere sic serien
fati. O genus attonitum for Genus attonitum gelidæ formidine mortis,
midine gelidæ mortis, quid ti- Quid Styga, quid tenebras, quid nomina vana
metis Styga, quid tenebras, quid timetis,
vana nomina, materiem vatuin, Materiem vatum, falsique piacula mundi ? 155
que piacula falsi mundi? Sive
rogus abstulerit corpora flam- Corpora sive rogus flammâ, scu tabe vetustas
må, seu vetustas tabe, non pu- Abstulerit, mala posse pati non ulla putetis.
tetis posse pati ulla mala. Ani- Morte carent animæ : semperque, priore relictâ
mæ carent morte : semperque, Sede, novis domibus habitant vivuntque receptæ.
priore sede relictâ, receptæ no
vis domibus habitant vivunt- Ipse ego (nam memini ) Trojani tempore belli
que. Ego ipse (nam memini) Panthoïdes Euphorbus eram : cui pectore quon
eram Euphorbus Panthoïdes dam 161
tempore Trojani belli ; cui
quondam gravis hasta minoris Sedit in adverso gravis hasta minoris Atridæ.
Atridæ sedit in adverso pec- Agnovi clypeum, lævæ gestamina nostr ,
tore. Agnovi clypeum gesta- Nuper Abantæis templo Junonis in Argis. 164
mina nostræ lævæ, nuper tem- Omnia mutantur : nihil interit. Errat, et illinc
plo Junonis in Abantais Argis.
Omnia mutantur ; nihil interit. Huc venit, hinc illùc, et quoslibet occupat artus
Spiritus errat illinc, et venit Spiritus : èque feris humana in corpora transit,
hùc, illùc hinc, et occupat Inque feras noster : nec tempore deperit ullo.
quoslibet artus ; que transit in Utque novis a fragilis signatur cera figuris,
humana corpora a feris. que
noster vicissim inferas ; nec de- Nec manet ut fuerat, nec formas servat eas
perit ullo tempore. Utque fra dem;
gilis cera signatur novis figuris, Sed tamen ipsa eadem est : animam sic semper
nec manet ut fuerat, nec servat
easdem formas ; sed tamen ipsa eandem 171
est eadem ; sic doceo animam
esse semper eandem, a facilis .
NOTES.
145. Augustæ.] Of a Divine. the soul out of onebody into another.
147. Juvat ire, &c. ] I am pleased to search 160. Ipse ego.] Pythagoras shows from his
after heavenly things. own experience the transmigration of souls.
148. Inèrti sedi.] The heavy earth . 161. Panthoides.] The son of Panthus.
149. Atlantis.] Of Atlas, who is supposed 162. Sedit.] Was fixed.Atridæ.] Of
to bear the heavens on his shoulders. See Menelaus, who slew Euphorbus.
Lib. IV. 164. Abantæis Argis.] Argos was a famous
150. Palantes.] Wandering: city of Peloponnese, in which Abas reigned,
154. Despectare. ] To look down upon. on whose account the Argives were called
155. Gelidæ. ] So in another place. Abantei.
" Stulte, quid est somnus gelidæ nisi mortis 165. Nihil interit. ] These things are spoken
imago ?" according to the opinion of all the ancient
155. Materiem vatum.] The dream of Philosophers, who thought all things might
Poets. be resolved into the four elements, or first
Falsique mundi. ] Of an imaginary world. matter, but could not be annihilated.
156. Tabe.] With disease, by corruption or 169. Utque, &c.] .Pythagoras by this simili
consumption. tude infers, that substances do indeed assume
158, Morte carent animæ.] Our souls are various shapes ; but never perish.
not subject to death. 171. Sed tamen, &c.] That substance, as
159. Domibus. ] Bodies. This is Pythago substance, may receive various forms ; yet is,
ras's perepóxwois, i.e. the passing of as to itself, never changed.
FAB. 11. METAMORPHOSEON, 545

Esse, sed in varias doceo migrare figuras. sed migrare in varias figuras
Ergo, ne pietas sit victa cupidine ventris, Ergo, ne pietas sit victa cupi
dine ventris, (vaticinor) par
Parcite (vaticinor) cognatas cæde nefandâ 174 cite exturbare cognatas animas
Exturbare animas: nec sanguine sanguis alatur. vestrorum nefandâ cæde : nec
Et quoniam magno feror æquore, plenaque ventis sanguis alatur sanguine : Et
Vela dedi ; nihil est toto quod perstet in orbe. quoniam feror magno æquore,
; ni
que dedi plena vela ventis
Cuncta fluunt : omnisque vagans formatur imago. hil est, quod perstet in toto or
Ipsa quoqueassiduo labuntur tempora motu, 179 be. Cuncta fluunt : omnisque
Non secus ac flumen. Neque enim consistere imago formatur vagans. Quo
quetempora ipsa labuntur assi
flumen, [undâ, duo motu, non secus ac flu
Nec levis hora potest : sed ut unda impellitur men. Neque enim flumen, nec
Urgeturque prior venienti, urgetque priorem ; levis hora potest consistere ;
Tempora sic fugiunt pariter, pariterque sequun- sed ut unda impellitur undâ,
tur : que prior urgetur venienti, ur
[lictum est : getque priorem ; sic tempora
Et nova sunt semper. Nam quod fuit antè, re- pariter fugiunt, pariterque se
Fitque, quod haud fuerat : momentaque cuncta quuntur ; et sunt semper nova.
novantur. 185 Nam quod fuit ante, est relic
tum ; fitque, quod haud fuerat,
Cernis et a emersas in lucem tendere noctes : quecunctamomenta novantur.
Et jubar hoc nitidum nigræ succedere nocti. Et cernis noctes emersas ten
Nec color est idem cœlo, cùm lassa quiete dere in lucem ; et hoe nitidum
jubar succedere nigræ nocti.
Cuncta jacent mediâ ; cùmque albo Lucifer exit Nec idem color est cœlo, cùm
Clarus equo ; rursumque alius, cùm prævia luci cuncta jacent lassa mediâ quie
Tradendum Phoebo Pallantias infigit orbem.191 te; cùmque clarus Lucifer ex
it albo equo ; rursumque alius,
Ipse Dei clypeus, terrâ cùm tollitur imâ, cùm Pallantias prævia luci in
Mane rubet: terrâque rubet cùm conditur imâ : ficit orbem tradendum Phœbo.
Candidus in summo est. Melior natura quod Ipsé clypeus Dei, cùm tollitur
illic imâterrâ, mane rubet : que ru
bet, cùm conditur imâ terrâ :
Ætheris est, terræque procul contagia vitat. est candidus in summo. Quod
Nec par aut eadem nocturnæ forma Dianæ 196 natura ætheris est melior illic,
Esse potest unquam : semperque hodierna se que vitat procul contagia ter
ræ. Nec forma nocturnæ Dia
quente, næ potest unquam esse eadem
Si crescit, minor est ; major, si contrahit orbem. aut par : semperque hodierna,
si crescit, est minor sequente ;
major, si contrahit orbem.
a emensas.

NOTES.

173. Ergo.] Therefore do not sacrifice pie another at twilight, when Lucifer» has left off
ty to appetite : don't drive kindred souls out shining.
ofbodies by killing them. 190. Alius. ] sc . Color est cœlo.
174. Parcite.] Forbear.- Cognatas.] The 191. Pallantias.] Aurora, the daughter of
souls ofyour kindred or relations. Pallas. See Lib. IX.
176. Et quoniam, &c.] And since I am Inficit.] Tinges with a red colour.
launched out into an " ample sea. A Meta- 192. Clypeus. ] The orb of the sun. He
phor. calls it Clypeus, a Shield, probably because
177. Perstet.] Can remain, and be free the sun appears to us in a round form like a
from mutation. shield.
178. Vagans.] Changeable. 194. In summo.] In the highest heaven.
179. Ipsa tempora.] Pythagoras infers from 196. Nocturnæ Dianæ.] Of the moon,
the example of time, that all things are in a which is always either increasing or decreas
continual fluctuation. ing, and never remains in the same state.
187. Jubar.] The brightness of the sun. 198. Si contrahit.] The moon is biggerto
188. Mediâ quiete.] By night. He says day, than it will be to-morrow, when it is in 募
the sky is of one colour at midnight, and of the decrease and lessens its orb.
4A
516 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XV.

Quid? Non aspicis annum suc- Quid? Non in species succedere quatuor annum
cedere quatuor species,
ragenteinm imitamin æ Aspicis, ætatis peragentem imitamina nostræ ?
a nostræpe-
tatis ? Num est tener, et lac- Nam tener, et lactens, puerique simillimus ævo
tens, que simillimus ævo pueri Vere novo est. Tunc herba a nitens, et roboris
novo vere. Tunc herba nitens 202
expers
et expers roboris turget, et in
solida est : et delectat agrestem Turget, et insolida est ; et spe delectat agrestem.
spe. Tum omnia florent; que Omnia tum florent ; florumque coloribus almus
almus ager ridet coloribus flo- Ridet ager : neque adhuc virtus in frondibus
rum :neque adhuc est ulla vir ulla est. 205
tus in frondibus. Annus ro
bustior, post Ver, transit in E- Transit in statem, post Ver, robustior Annus :
statem : fitque valens juvenis. Fitque valens juvenis. Neque enim robustior
Neque enim ulla ætas robusti ætas [est.
or, nec uberior : nec, ulla est Ulla, nec uberior : nec, quæ magis æstuet, ulla
quæ æstuet magis. Autum
nus excipit, fervore juven- Excipit Autumnus, posito fervore juventæ, 209
tæ posito, maturus, mitisque Maturus, mitisque inter juvenemque, senenique
inter juvenemque , senemque Temperie medius, sparsis per tempora cânis.
medius temperie, canis sparsis
per tempora. Indè senilis Hy- Indè senilis Hyems tremulo venit horrida passu ;
ems venithorrida tremulo pas- Aut spoliata suos, aut, quos habet, alba capillos.
su : aut spoliata suos capillos, Nostra quoque ipsorum semper, requieque
aut alba quos habet. Nostra 214
quoque corpora ipsorum ver sinè ullâ,
tuntur semper, que sine ullâ Corpora vertuntur : nec quod fuimusve , sumusve,
requie : nec erimus cras, quod Cras erimus. Fuit illa dies, quâ semina tantùm.
fuimusve, sumusvé. Illa fuit Spesque hominum primæ maternâ habitavimus
dies, quâ tantùm semina, que alvo.
primæ spes hominum habitavi
mus maternâ alvo. Natura ad Artifices Natura manus admovit ; et angi
movit artifices manus : et
a virens. b specie.

NOTES.

199. In quatuor species.] Into four parts,
Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter, which
give place to one another.
200. Etatis.] The year represents the
ages of mankind for as there are four parts
of the year, so according to the opinion of
Pythagoras, Childhood continues 20 years,
Youth 20, Manhood 20, and old Age 20 .
Childhood resembles the Spring, Youth
Summer, Manhood Autumn, and old Age
Winter.
202. Roboris expers.] Wanting strength.
203. Turget.] Swells with plenty ofjuice.
So Virgil, Georg. II. Vere tument terræ.
Insolida ] Weak.
204. Almus ager, So called of alendo,
because it nourishes and feeds all creatures
with its fruits.
205 Ridet.] Seems to rejoice. A meta
phor often used by the sacred writers.
Neque, &c.] For leaves are very tender in
the Spring, as the bodies of children are
without strength and firmness.
206. Transit.] Summer succeeds the Spring.
Pythagoras enumerates the vicissitudes that
bappen throughout the year, and describes
its four seasons.-Robustior.] The strengthen
ed year.
207. Fitque valens juvenis.] And becomes
a robust young man.
208. Uberior.] More fruitful.
Estuet.] Is warm .] A metaphor taken
from men, whose passions, in the heat oftheir
youth, are for the most part so strong and
powerful, that they may not improperly be
said æstuare.
209. Excipit autumnus.] Autumn succeeds
the Summer, which seems to represent the
beginning of old age.
211. Sparsis canis.] Having his temples
strewed with grey hairs for the hair near
the temples first begins to grow grey.
212. Senilis Hyems ] Old age is like Winter.
213. Alba. ] Having white hairs.
214. Nostra. ] Pythagoras infers, that our
bodies are in a continual mutation.
216. Fuit illa dies. ] There was a time when
we were only seeds
217. Spes.] The hope of men.
Alvo.] In the womb.
218. Angi. To be confined.
 FAB. 11. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 547

Corpora visceribus distentæ condita matris noluit corpora condita visceri

Noluit ; èque domo vacuas emisit in auras. 220 bus distentæ matris angi ; que
emisit è domo in vacuas au
Editus in lucem jacuit sinè viribus infans : [rum : ras. Infans editus in lucem
Mox quadrupes, a rituquetulit sua membra fera- jacuit sinè viribus : mox quad
Paulatimque tremens, et nondum poplite firmo rupes, que tulit sua membra
ritu ferarum paulatimque
Constitit, adjutis aliquo conamine nervis. 224 tremens, et nondum constitit
Indè valens veloxque
finish. fuit : spatiumque juventæ firmo poplite, nervis adjutis
Transit et, b emeritis medii quoque temporis an- aliquo conamine. Indè valens
Labitur occiduæ per iter declive senectæ. [ nis, veloxque fuit, spatiumque ju
ventæ transit : et emeritis quo
Subruit & hæc ævi demoliturque prioris que annis medii temporis, la
Robora : fletque Milon senior, cùm spectat ina- bitur per declive subruit iter occiduæ
senectæ Hæc , que
Illos, qui fuerant solidorum mole tororum [nes
Herculeis similes, fluidos pendêre lacertos . 231 demolitur robora prioris ævi :
que senior Milon flet, cùm
Flet quoque, ut in speculo rugas aspexit aniles, spectat illos lacertos inanes,
Tyndaris : et secum, cur sit bis rapta, requirit. pendêre fluidos qui fuerant si
miles Herculeis mole solido.
Tempus edax rerum, tuque invidiosa vetustas, rum tororum. Quoque Tyn
Omnia destruitis : vitiataque dentibus ævi 235 daris flet, ut aspexit aniles ru
Paulatim lentâ consumitis omnia morte. [camus : gas in speculo : et requirit
Hæc quoque non perstant, quæ nos elementa vo . secum, cur sit bis rapta. Tem
pus edax rerum, tuque invi
Quasque vices peragant, ( animos adhibete ) docebo. diosa vetustas, destruitis om
Quatuor æternus d genitalia corpora mundus nia : que consumitis paulatim
Continet. Ex illis duo sunt onerosa, suoque 240 omnia vitiata dentibus ævi len
tâ morte. Hæc quoque quæ
Pondere in inferius, tellus atque unda feruntur : vocamus elementa, non per
stant : que docebo, quas vices peragant (adhibete animos). Æternus mundus continet qua
tuor genitalia corpora. Duo ex illis, tellus atque unda, sunt onerosa, que feruntur in infe
rius suo pondere : +
a -rituque trahens sua membra ferino : b emensis.
c Surripit hæc ætas, &c. d generalia.

NOTES.

219. Distenta.] Big-bellied, standing out.
220. Eque domo. ] Out of the womb.
222 Quadrupes. ] The infant, which at first
ereeps on all fours like a brute.
224. Conamine.] Some support to lean
upon.
226. Emeritis annis.] Being exhausted,
past, performed. Hence they are called Mi
lites emeriti, who have served a sufficient time
in the wars, and so are discharged from far
ther service.
227. Declive iter. ] The downward path.
Senectæ.] Of old age, which is the last
stage of man's life.
228. Subruit.] Undermined.
Demoliturque.] Destroys.
229. Milon .] A wrestler of Croton of so
great strength, that he is said to have killed a
bull with one stroke of his hand afterwards
to have carried him on his shoulders without
being weary, and at last to have eaten him.
Cicero relates, that this man being grown old,
and seeing his arms somewhat emaciated,
wept.
230. Solidorum.] Robust.
231. Fluidos ] Flabby, loose, feeble,
233. Tyndaris.] Helen, who was thought
to be the daughter of Tyndarus, but was
really the daughter of Jupiter and Leda, she
was for her beauty stolen away by Theseus ;
but being restored, was married to Menelaus,
and afterwards carried off by Paris.
Requirit.] Helen being deformed by old
age, might very well wonder, that she should
have been twice stolen away.
234. Tempus.] An apostrophe to time.
235. Dentibus ævi.] Years are called the
teeth of time, with which all things may be
said to be devoured. He alludes to the teeth
of wheels, by which the hours are measured
in clocks.
236. Lenta.] Coming on slowly.
238. Quas vices peragant.] What vicissi
tudes they undergo. He shows that the ele
ments themselves abide not in the same state.
He will have these to be four ; two of which,
Earth and Water, are heavy ; and two, Air
and Fire, are light.
259. Quatuor genitalia corpora.] These are
the things which they call elements ; or the
four simple bodies, as Aristotle would have it.
240. Onerosa.] Heavy.
548 P. OVIDII NASONIS · LIB. XV. 1

et totidem, aër, atque ignis Et totidem gravitate carent : nulloque premente

purior aëre, carent gravitate : Alta petunt, aër, atque aëre purior ignis. [fiunt
que petunt alta nullo pre
mente. Quæ quanquam dis- Quæ quanquam spatio distant ; tamen omnia
tant spatio ; tamen omnia fiunt Ex ipsis ; et in ipsa cadunt, resolutaque tellus
ex ipsis caduntrorescit
; etresoluta
que tellus in In liquidas a rorescit aquas : tenuatus in auras
in ipsa,
liquidas aquas : humor tenua- Aeraque humor abit ; dempto quoque pondere
tus abit in auras aëraque : quo- In superos aër tenuissimus emicat ignes. [ rursus
que rursus aër tenuissimus Indè retro redeunt : idemque retexitur ordo.
emicat in superos ignes pon- Ignis enim densum spissatus in aëra transit; 250
dere dempto. Inde redeunt
retro : idemque ordo retexitur. Hic in aquas : tellus glomeratâ cogitur undâ,
Ignis enim spissatus transit in Nec species sua cuique manet : rerumque novatrix
densum aera ; hic in aquas : Ex aliis alias reparat Natura figuras. [mundo ;
tellus cogitur glomeratâ undâ, Nec perit in tanto quicquam (mihi creditè )
nec sua species manet cuique ;
què Natura novatrix rerum Sed variat, faciemque novat : nascique vocatur,
reparat alias figuras ex aliis. Incipere esse aliud, quàm quod fuit antê : mo
Nec quicquam perit in tanto rique, 256
mundo (credite mihi) ; sed va
Desinere illud idem. Cùm sint huc forsitan illa,
riat, que novat faciem : que
vocatur nasci, incipere esse a- Hæc translata illuc ; summâ tamen omnia constant.
liud quod fuisset antè ; mori- Nil equidem durare diu sub imagine eâdem
que, illud idem desinere. Cùm Crediderim. Sic ad ferrum venistis ab auro, 260
forsitan illa sint translata huc,
hæc illuc ; tamen omnia con Secula. Sic toties versa es, Fortuna locorum.
stant summâ. Equidem cre- Vidi ego, quod fuerat quondam solidissima tellus,
diderim nil durare diu sub Esse fretum . Vidi factas ex æquore terras :
eâdem imagine. Sic venistis Et procul à pelago concha jacuêre marinæ ;
ad ferrum ab auro, secula. Sic
Fortuna locorum, toties es ver Et vetus inventa est in montibus anchora summis.
sa. Ego vidi, quod fuerat Quodque fuit c campus, vallem decursus aquarum
quondam solidissima tellus, Fecit : et eluvie mons est d deductus in æquor :
esse fretum . Vidi terras fac
tas ex æquore : et marinæ con Eque paludosâ siccis humus aret arenis :
cha jacuêre procul à pelago :
et vetus anchora est inventa in
summis montibus . Que decursus aquarum fecit vallem quod fuit campus, et mons est de
ductus in æquor eluvie : que humus aret siccis arenis è paludosa ;
a rarescit. b toto. c tumulus. d devectus.

NOTES.

242. Totidem.] Two. - Gravitate carent. ] of the four elements.

Are light. Nulloque.] sc . Pondere.
244. Fiunt.] Are generated.
245. Ex ipsis.] The four elements.— — -In
ipsa cadunt.] Are resolved into them again.
Resolutaque. ] The Poet endeavours to
prove that one element passes into another.
For the earth is turned into water, the water
into air, the air into fire ; and on the contrary,
fire into air, and air into water, and water
into earth.
248. In superos ignes. ] Into the Ether,
which is the highest of all the elements.
Tenuissimus aër.] The thin air.
249. Retexitur.] Is resolved.
251. Hic.] The air.
Glomerata unda.] Water condensed.
254. Nec perit.] Forthose things that seem
to perish, are turned again into one or other
255.Nascique.] The poet elegantly describes
what it is to be born, and what it is to die ;
for any thing is said to be born (nasci) when
it begins to be something that it was not be
fore. And to die, (mori) when it ceases to
be what it was before .
Huc. ] Into this body.
258. Illuc. ] Into that body.
259. Imagine.] Form, figure, shape.
260. Ad ferrum. To the iron age.- Ab
auro. ] From the golden age. An apostrophe
to the ages, concerning which, see Lib. I.
261. Versa.] Changed.
262. Vidi esse fretum.] For where the Si
cilian sea is now, there was formerly land.
264. Conchæ, &c. ] From whence is infer
red, that it was one sea.
267. Eluvie. ] By a deluge.
FAB. II. METAMORPHOSEON . 549

Quæque sitim tulerant, stagnata paludibus hument. quæque tulerant sitim, hument
Hic fontes Natura novos emisit, at illic stagnatapaludibus. Hic natura
emisit novos fontes, at illic
Clausit ; et antiquis a concussa tremoribus orbis clausit et flumina prosiliunt
Flumina prosiliunt ; aut excæcata residunt. 272 concussa antiquis tremorib
us
Sic ubi terreno Lycus est epotus hiatu ; orbis ; aut excæcata residunt.
Sic ubi Lycus est epotus
Exsistit procul hinc, alioque renascitur bore.
Sic modo combibitur ; tecto modò gurgite lapsus terreno hiatu ; exsistit procul
hinc, que renascitur alto
Redditur, Argolicis ingens Erasinus in arvis. 276 ore. Sic ingens Erasinus modo
Et Mysum capitisque sui ripæque prioris combibitur ; modò lapsus gur
Poenituisse ferunt, c aliâ nunc ire, Caîcum. gité redditur in Argolicis ar
Nec non Sicanias volvens Amenanus arenas vis. Etferunt Mysum Caïcum
pœnituisse sui capitis que pri
Nunc fluit ; interdum suppressis fontibus aret. oris ripæ, nunc ire aliâ ripâ.
Ante bibebatur ; nunc quas contingere nolis Nec non Amenanus volvens
Fundit Anigros aquas : postquam (nisi vatibus înte Sicanias
rdùmarenas,
aret fontnunc
ibus fluit
sup;
Eripienda fides) illic lavêre Bimembres [omnis pressis . Anigros antè bibeba
Vulnera, clavigeri quæ fecerat Herculis arcus. tur ; nunc fundit aquas, quas
Quid? Non et Scythicis Hypanis de montibus nolis contingereeripienda : postquam
ortus, (nisi omnis fides
285 tibus)
va
Bimembres lavêre illic
Qui fuerat dulcis, d salibus vitiatur amaris ? vulnera, quæ arcus clavigeri
Fluctibus ambitæ fuerant Antissa, Pharosque, Herculis fecerat Quid? Non
Hypanis ortus de Scythicis
Et Phænissa Tyros ; quarum nunc insula nulla est.. et montibus, qui fuerat dulcis,
Leucada continuam veteres habuêre coloni ; vitiatur amaris salibus ? An
Nunc freta circueunt. Zancle quoque juncta tissa, Pharosque, et Phonissa
Dicitur Italiæ : donec confinia pontus [fuisse Tyrosnulla fuerant ambitæ flucti
quarum est nunc
Abstulit , et mediâ tellurem reppulit undâ. 292 bus ;
insula. Veteres coloni habu
Si quæras Helicon, et Burin Achaïdas urbes, êre Leucada continuam : nunc
Invenies sub aquis : et adhuc ostendere nautæ freta circueunt. Zancle quo
Inclinata solent cum manibus oppida mersis. 295 liæ que:dicit urcfuiss
done pont juncabstu
e us ta Ita
Est prope Pitthêan tumulus Trozena, sine ullis lit
confinia : et reppulit tellurem
Arduus arboribus, quondam planissima campi mediâ undâ. Si quæras Heli
cen et Burin, Achaïdas urbes,
invenies sub aquis : et nautæ solent ostendere oppida inclinata cum manibus mersis. Est
tumulus prope Pitthêan Træzena, arduus sine ullis arboribus, quondam planissima area campi.
a concussa. b Orbe. c aliâque exire. d -sale nunc vitiatur amaro ?

NOTES.

269. Quæque.] sc. Terra. 282. Anigros .] A river of Peloponnese.

Stagnata, &c. Those which were dry
places are now marshes, being made standing
waters.-Hument. ] Grow moist.
271. Concussa tremoribus orbis.] Shaken
by earthquakes.
273. Sic, &c.] He proves by various ex
amples, that many rivers sometimes flow
visibly, and sometimes disappear.
Lycus.] A river in Asia.
274. Ore.] The common reading is orbe ;
and which indeed is a very ancient one.
$ 275. Erasinus.] A river of Arcadia,
277. Mysum.] A river of Mysia, which
being swallowed up by the earth, and the
course and name being changed, is called
Caïcus.
279. Amenanus.] A river that washes
Catania, mentioned by Strabo,
284. Bimembres.] The Centaurs, which
are half men, and half beasts.
287. Fluctibus.] Pythagoras infers, that
the Continent proceeds from Islands, and
Islands from the Continent. For Antissa was
once an island, Pharos an Island in Egypt,
and Tyros was joined to Phoenicia.
Ambitæ. ] Encompassed round.
289. Leucada.] This was separated from
the Continent by inere labour.
290. Zancle.] This is now called Messina.
See Lib. XIV. ver. 3.
296. Pittheân .] The country of Pittheus,
the father of Ethra. Trozen is a city of
Peloponnese.
298. Horrenda. ] Wonderous.
299. Vis fera. ] Theterrible violence.
Cæcis.] Hidden.
550 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XV.

nunc tumulus : nam (res hor- Area, nunc tumulus : nam ( res horrenda relatu)
renda relatu) fera vis vento- Vis fera ventorum, cæcis inclusa cavernis,
rum, inclusa cæcis cavernis,
cupiens exspirare aliquà, luc. Exspirare aliquâ cupiens, luctataque frustra
tataque diu frustra frui liberi- Liberiore frui cœlo, cùm carcere rima 301
ore cœlo. cùm nulla rima foret Nulla foret toto, nec pervia flatibus esset,
toto carcere, nec esset pervia Extentam tumefecit humum : seu spiritus oris
flatibus, tumefecit extentam
humum ; seu spiritus oris Tendere vesiculam solet, aut derepta bicorni
şolet tendere vesiculam, aut Terga capro . Tumor ille loco permansit ; et alti
terga derepta bicorni capro. Collis habet speciem : longoque induruit ævo.
Ille tumor permansit loco ; et Plurima cùm subeant, audita aut cognita vobis,
habet speciem altiævo.
induruit longo collis ;Cumque Pauca super referam . Quid? Non et lympha fi
plurima subeant in mentem au guras [Ammon,
dita aut cognita vobis, referam Datque capitque novas ? Medio tua, corniger
pauca super. Quid ? Non et Unda die gelida est : ortûque obitûque calescit.
lympha datque capitque novas
figuras ? Corniger Ammon, Admotis Athamanis aquis accendere lignum 311
tua unda est gelida medio die ; Narratur ; minimos cùm Luna a recessit in orbes.
que calescit ortu obituque. Flumen habent Cicones, quod potum saxea reddit
Athamanis narratur accendere Viscera : quod tactis inducit marmora rebus.
lignum aquis admotis, cùm Crathis, et huic Sybaris nostris conterminus arvis,
recessit in minimos
orbes. Cicones habent flumen, Electro similes faciunt auroque capillos.
quod potum reddit . viscera Quodque magis mirum est, sunt qui non cor
saxea, quod inducit marmora 317
rebus tactis. Crathis et Syba pora tantum ,
ris conterminus huic nostris Verum animos etiam valeant mutare liquores.
arvis, faciunt capillos similes Cui non audita est obscœnæ Salmacis unda ?
electro auroque. Quodque est Æthiopesque lacus ? quos si quis faucibus hausit,
magis mirum, sunt liquores Aut furit ; aut mirum patitur gravitate soporem .
qui valent mutare non cor
pora tantùm verum animos. Clitorio quicunque sitim de fonte levârit
Cui non est audita Salmacis Vina fugit ; gaudetque meris abstemius undîs :
obscœnæ unda ? Æthiopesque Seu vis est in aquâ, calido contraria vino :
lacus? quos si quis hausit
faucibus, aut furit ; aut patitur Sive, quod indigenæ memorant, Amithaone natus,
soporem mirum gravitate.
Quicunque levarit sitîm de
Clitorio fonte fugit vina ; que abstemius gaudet meris undis : sed est vis in aquâ, contraria
calido vino : sive, quod indigenæ memorant, natus Amithaone,
a recrescit.

.. NOTES.

500. Aliquà. ] By some way.
Luctata ] Having endeavoured.
302. Flatibus ] To blasts of wind.
303. Ceu.] As.
304. Derepta.] A Periphrasis. Flayed off.
307. Subeant.] Come into my mind.
309. Corniger. ] Jupiter was worshipped
in Lybia in the shape of a ram, for when
Bacchus led his army through that desert he
called upon his father, being in want of
water, when a ram immediately appeared to
him, which he and his soldiers followed, and
were conducted to a very clear fountain.
Therefore, in memory of so great a favour,
he built a very magnificent temple there.
Here Jupiter was worshipped as mentioned
above ; the fountain being cold in the day
time, grows hot in the night. Of this foun
tain, besides Curtius, Lucretius says, Lib, VI.
" Esse spud Hammonis fanum, fons luce
diurnâ
66 Frigidus: et calidus nocturno tempore
fertur."
313. Cicones. A people of Thrace.
319. Salmacis.] Of the wonderful efficacy
of this fountain, see Lib. IV.
323. Abstemius. ] Sober, abstaining from
wine. The ancients called wine Temetum,
thence comes Temulentus, a drunken person,
and the preposition abs being prefixed, makes
Abstemius.
325. Indigenæ.] The natives.
Amithaone natus.] Melampus the physi
cian, the son of Amithaon, restored the
daughters of Protus, who were mad, to their
senses. And as our poet will have it, threw
his medicines into the fountain Clitorius.
 AB. II. METAMORPHOSEON. 551

Protidas attonitas postquam per carmen et her- postquam eripuit attonitas

Proetidas furiis per carmen et
Eripuit furiis ; purgamina mentis in illas [bas herbas : misitpurgamina men
Misit aquas : odiumque meri permansit in undis. tis in illas aquas : odiumque
Huic fluit effectu dispar Lyncestius amnis, [ it : meri permansit in undis . Am
Quem quicunque parùm a moderato gutture trax- nis Lyncestius fluit dispar
Haud aliter titubat, quàm si mera vina bibisset. huic effectu, quem quicunque
traxit gutture parùm modera
Est locus Arcadia ( Pheneon dixêre priores) + to : titubat haud aliter quàm
Ambiguis suspectus aquis, quas nocte timeto : si bibîsset mera vina. Est
Nocte nocent potæ. Sinè noxâ luce bibuntur. locus Arcadia (priores dixêre
Pheneon) suspectus ambiguis
Sic alias aliasque lacus et flumina vires 335 aquis, quas timeto nocte : po
Concipiunt. Tempusque fuit, quo navit in undis, tæ nocte nocent Bibuntur
Nunc sedet Ortygie. Timuit concursibus Argo sinè noxa luce. Sic lacus et
Undarum sparsas Symplegadas elisarum ; flumina concipiunt alias alias
fuit
Quæ nunc immotæ perstant, ventisque resistunt. que vires. Que tempus
quo Ortygie navit in undis,
Nec, quæ sulfureis ardet fornacibus, Ætna 340 nunc sedet. Argotimuit Sym
Ignea semper erit : neque enim fuit ignea semper, plegadas sparsas concursibus
Nam sive est animal tellus, et vivit, habetque undarum elisarum, quæ nunc
Spiramenta locis flammam exhalantia multis ; perstantimmota, que resistunt
ventis. Nec Etna, quæ
Spirandi mutare vias, quotiesque movetur, ardet sulfureis fornacibus,
Has finire potest, illas aperire cavernas : 345 semper erit ignea. Nam sive
Sive leves imis venti cohibentur in antris ; tellus est animal, et vivit ha
Saxaque cum saxis, et habentem semina flammæ betque spiramenta exhalantia
flammam multis locis ; potest
Materiem jactant, ea concipit ictibus ignem. mutarevias spirandi,quotiesque
Antra relinquentur sedatis frigida ventis : movetur, potest finire has, ape
Sive bitumineæ rapiunt incendia vires, 350 rire illas cavernas sive leves
venti cohibentur in imis antris,
Lateave exiguis arescunt sulfura fumis; [ flammæ que jactant saxa cum saxis et
Nempe ubi terra cibos alimentaque pinguia materiem habentem semina
Non dabit, absumptis per longum viribus ævum, flammæ, ea concipit ignem
ictibus. Antra relinquentur
Naturæque suum nutrimen deerit edaci ; 354
frigida ventis sedatis : sive
Non feret illa famem : desertaque deseret ignes. bitumineæ vires rapiunt incen
Esse viros fama est in Hyperboreâ Pallene : dia, luteave sulfura arescunt
Qui soleant levibus velari corpora plumis ; exiguis fumis; nempe ubi terra
Cum Tritoniaçam novies subiêre paludem. non dabit cibos, que pinguia
alimenta flammæ, viribus ab
Haud equidem credo : sparse quoque membra sumptis per longum ævum,
veneno 352 que suum nutrimen deerit
Exercere artes Scythides memorantur easdem. edaci naturæ ; illa non feret
Si qua fides rebus tamen est adhibenda probatis ; famem ignes. Famadeserta que deseret
est viros esse in
Hyperborea Pallene : qui soleant velari corpora levibus plumis, cùm subiêre Tritoniacam
paludem novies. Equidem haud credo ; quoque Scythides memorantur, sparsæ membra
veneno, exercere easdem artes. Tamen si qua fides est adhibenda probatis rebus ;
❝ gurgite. ¿ lacus. c addenda,

NOTES.

336. Quo navit.] The island of Ortygia,
which is also called Delos, used to float.
337. Argo.] The ship in which Jason with
his Argonauts sailed to Colchos, to bring the
golden fleece. See Lib. VII. ver. 1.
338. Symplegadas.] " Called also Cyanes.
These are islands or rocks at the entrance of
the Euxine sea, that seem to dash one against
another. So called from συμπλήττω to
hit or dash against.
356. Hyperboreâ.] Northern.
Pallene. A city of Thrace.
358. Tritoniacam. A marsh, from whence
Pallas is called Tritonia.
361. Probatis rebus.] Undoubted experi
ence,
 552 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XV.

nonne vides, quæcunque cor- Nonne vides, quæcunque morâ fluidove calore
pora tabuerint morâ fluidove
calore, verti in parva anima- Corpora tabuerint, in parva animalia verti ?
lia ? I quoque, obrue delectos I a quoque, delectos mactatos obrue tauros ;
mactatos tauros ; res est cogni- Cognîta res usu : de putri viscere passim 365
ta usu : florilegæ apes nascun
tur de putri viscere : quæ co Florilega nascuntur apes : quæ more parentum
lunt rura more parentum : que Rura colunt : operique favent ; in spemque la
favent operi, que laborant in borant. hornets [est.
spem. Bellator equus pressus Pressus humo bellator equus crabronis origo
humo est origo crabronis. Si
demas concava brachia litto- Concava littoreo si demas brachia cancro ;
reo cancro ; supponas cætera Cætera supponas terræ ; de parte sepultâ 370
terræ ; scorpius exibit de se- Scorpius exibit : caudâque minabitur uncâ.
:
minabitur Quæque solent canis frondes intexere filis
pultà parte que agrestes
unca cauda. Que ti
neæ, quæ solent intexere fron- Agrestes tineæ, (res butte observata
rfly colonis)
des canis filis, (res observata Ferali mutant cum papilione figuram. 374
colonis) mutant figuram cum Semina limus habet virides generantia ranas :
ferali papilione . Limus ba Et generat truncas pedibus : mox apta natando
bet virides
ranas : et generat truncas pe Crura dat. Utque eadem sint longis saltibus apta,
dibus : mox dat crura apta na- Posterior partes superat mensura priores.
tando. Utque eadem sint ap- Nec catulus, partu quem reddidit ursa recenti ,
ta longius saltibus ; posterior Sed malè viva caro est : lambendo mater in artus
mensura superat priores partes.
Nec catulus, quem ursa reddi- Fingit, et in formam, quantam capit ipsa, rc
dit recenti partu, est aliquid ducit. 381
sed caro male viva ; mater fin- Nonne vides, quos cera tegit sexangula, fœtus
git in artus lambendo, et re
ducit in formam quantumipsa Melliferarum apium sine membris corpora nasci,
capit. Nonne vides fœtus mel- Et ferosque pedes, ferasque assumere pennas ?
liferarum apium, quos sexan
gula cera tegit, nasci corpora
sinè membris, et assumere fe
rosque pedes ferasque pennas?
a 1 , scrobe delecto, &c. vel, Egrege delectos, &c. b cæcis. c cupit. 1

NOTES.

363. Tabuerint.] Become corrupted.
564. Obrue, &c. ] Cover slain oxen with
earth For from them, as Virgil writes in
his IVth Georg. Bees are produced.
365. Usu. ] By experience.
De putri viscere. ] From corrupted flesh.
367. Rura colunt. ] Inhabit the fields. For
they are employed in gathering dew from
flowers. In spem .] In hopes of enjoying the
future honey of the new hive.
569. Our Poet has here, and in some pre
ceding Fables introduced the second part of
the Pythagorean philosophy, which endea
vours to account for those surprizing phæno
mena and revolutions that happen in the
course of nature. Some indeed, are true ;
many of them are founded on mistakes, or
false representations, though agreeable to the
philosophy of that time ; but most of them
are the invention of fancy, and the offspring
ofpoetic fiction. Of this latter sort is the
fable of the river Thrace turning men into
birds ; offountains kindling wood, and chang
ing the colour of hair ; and the ridiculous
transformation of the women of Scythia by
poison. Of hees springing from the bruised
bowels of calves ; of serpents arising from
human marrow; and of the Phoenix Leing
produced from her own ashes.
373. Tineæ.] Butterflies appear in athree
fold form, before they arrive at their full per
fection : When the spring is approaching, a
little worm is produced from the egg, which
is called Eruca (a canker-worm), this sticks
in the leaves of trees or herbs, and feeds upon
them; one species of these is called silk-worms,
and these feed only on the leaves ofthe mul
berry-tree. These caterpillars afterwards
turn into Aurelias or Chrysalides ; being co
vered with a skin of a golden colour, until
they have got wings, feet, and other mem
bers of a just proportion ; after which this
covering or skin breaks, and out comes a
winged caterpillar, fit for generation. For as
long as it continues under the form of a can
ker-worm, or of an Aurelia, it is imperfect,
as a Fœtus is in the womb of animals.- Ob
servata.] That has been observed, taken notice
of.
574. Ferali. ] Venomous.
 FAB. IIL METAMORPHOSEΩN . 553

Junonis volucrem, quæ caudâ sidera portat, Quis putaret posse, nî sciret fi
Armigerumque Jovis, Cythereïadasque colum- eri, volucrem Junonis, qua
bas, 386 portat sidera cauda, armige
rumque Jovis Cythereïadasque
Et genus omne avium, mediis è partibus ovi columbas, et omne genus avi
Nî sciret fieri, fieri quis posse putaret ? um fieri è mediis partibus ovi ?
Sunt qui, cùm clauso putrefacta est spina se Sunt qui credant humanas me
dullas mutari angue, cùm spi
pulchro, na est putrefacta clauso sepul
Mutari credant humanas angue medullas. 390 chro. Tamen ducunthæc pri
mordia ex aliis rebus. Una
Hæc tamen ex aliis ducunt primordia rebus.
ales est, quæ reparet, que ipsa
Una est, quæ reparet, seque ipsa reseminet ales. reseminet se. Assyrii vocant
Assyrii Phonica vocant. Nec fruge, neque herbis Phoenica. Nec vivit fruge,
Sed thuris lachrymis, et succo vivit amomi. neque herbis, sed lachrymis
Hæc ubi quinque suæ complevit sæcula vitæ, 395 thuris, et succo amomi. Ubi
hæc complevit quinque secula
Ilicis in ramis, tremulæve cacumine palmæ, suæ vitæ, construit nidum si.
-Unguibus et a pando nidum sibi construit ore. bi unguibus et pando ore, in
Quò simul ac casias, et nardi lenis aristas, ramis ilicis, ve cacumine tre
Quassaque cum fulvâ substravit cinnama myrrhâ; mulæ palmæ. Quò simul ac
substravit casias et aristas le
= Se super imponit : finitque in odoribus ævum. nis nardi, quassaque cinnama
Indè ferunt, totidem qui vivere debeat annos sum fulvâ myrrhâ ; imponit
凛
Corpore de patrio parvum Phonica renasci. 402 se supèr : fluitque ævum in o
Cùm dedit huic ætas vires ; onerique ferendo est, doribus. Indè ferunt parvum
Phoenica renasci de patrio cor
[Ponderibus nidi ramos levat arboris altæ :] pore, qui debeat vivere toti
Fertque pius cunasque suas, patriumque sepul dem annos. Cùm ætas dedit
chrum ; 405 vires huic, que est ferendo o
Perque leves auras Hyperionis urbe potitus neri, (levat ramos altæ arbo
ris ponderibus nidi :) que pius
Ante fores sacras Hyperionis æde reponit. fert suas cunas patriumque se
Si tamen est aliquid miræ novitatis in istis ; pulchrum ; que potitus urbe
Alternare vices, et quæ modò fœmina tergo Hyperionis per leves auras,
3 Passa marem est, nunc esse marem miremur reponit ante sacras fores æde
Hyperionis. Tamen si aliquid
Hyænam . 410 miræ novitatis est in istis ; mi
Id quoque, quod ventis animal nutritur et aurâ, remur Hyænam alternare vi
Protinus assimulat tactu quoscumque colores. ces, etmarem
sa est fœminatergo,
quæ modò
nunc pasesse
Victa racemifero Lyncas dedit India Baccho : marem.ma Id quoque animal
quod nutritur ventis et aurâ,
protinus assimulat tactu quos
cunque colores. India victa
a puro. racemifero Baccho dedit Lyncas ;

8 NOTES.
385. Volucrem Junonis.] A peacock. ted by some strange hand. Heinsius concludes
386. Armigerumque Jovis.] An eagle. the history of the Phoenix in twelve lines, he
Cythereïadasque. ] Dedicated to Venus. rejects the verse included within the crotches
管 387. Mediis, &c.] Of the Yolk. and the following. But with all deference
1 591. Primordia.] The original. to so great a man, I think the history would
393. Phoenica.] Is seems to have been call- be lame without these four verses. For it is
ed Phoenix from its purple colour. a common thing with Ovid to relate all things
395. Hæc, &c.] It lives 500 years. that have a relation to any deity, and that
398. Casias.] Casia and Spikenard are sweet will any way conduce to illustrate his Fable,
smelling shrubs, growing in Arabia. which these verses, that set forth the piety of
400. Evum.] The life. the Phoenix, evidently do.
404. Levat. ] She lightens. Heinsius leaves 409. Alternare vices. ] To change every
out this verse. other year; that is, one time to be a male,
406. Hyperionis, &c.] Heliopolis, a city and another to be a female. Butthis is a ri❤
in Egypt. The former line, and the three diculous story.
hines following, have perhaps been interpola 411. Id animal. ] The Cameleon.
4 B
554 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XV.
Radder
è quibus (ut memorant) quic- E quibus (ut memorant) quicquid vesica remisit
quid vesica remisit vertitur Vertitur in lapides ; et congelat aëre tacto. 415
in lapides ; congelat aëre tacto. Sic et Curalium, quo primùm contigit auras
Sic et Curalium, quo tempore
primùm contigit auras, du- Tempore, durescit : mollis fuit herba sub undis.
rescit; fuit tamen mollis herba Deseret antè dies, et in alto Phoebus anhelos
sub undis. Phoebus antè dese
e quàm consequar omnia
ret dies, et tinget anhelos e Aquor tinget equos,
dictis 419
quos in alto æquore, quàm
consequar dictis omnia trans- In species translata novas. Sic tempora verti
lata in novas species. Sic cer- Cernimus , atque illas assumere robora gentes ;
nimus tempora verti, atque Concidere has. Sic magna fuit censûque virisque,
illas gentes assumere robora ;
has concidere. Sic Troja fuit Perque decem potuit tantum dare sanguinis
magna censûque virisque, que annos,
potuit dare tantum sanguinis Nunc humilis veteres tantummodo Troja ruinas,
per decem annos, nunc tan m
tummodo humilis ostendit ve Et pro divitiis tumulos ostendit avoru . 425
teres ruinas, et tumulos avo- [ Clara fuit Sparte : magnæ viguêre Mycena :
rum pro divitiis. [ Sparte fuit Necnon Cecropiæ ; necnon Amphionis arces.
clara : magnæ Mycena vigu- Vile solum Sparte est : altæ cecidêre Mycena :
êre : necnon Cecropiæ ; nec
non arces Amphionis . Sparte Oedipodioniæ quid sunt nisi fabula Thebæ ?
est vile solum altæ Mycena Quid Pandioniæ restant nisi nomen Athenæ ?]
cecidere.nisiQuid sunt Oedipo Nunc quoque Dardaniam fama est consurgere
dioniæ Theba fabulæ ? 431
Quid Pandioniæ Athenæ res Romam :
tant misi nomen?] Nunc quo- Apenninigenæ quæ proxima Tybridis undis
que fama est Dardaniam Ro- Mole sub ingenti rerum fundamina ponit.
igitur formam crescendo mutat ; et olim
consurgere : quæ prox
mamundis
ima Ty. Hæc
bridis ponit fundamina rerum Immensi caput orbis erit. Sic dicere vates 435
sub ingenti mole. Hæc igi- Faticinasque ferunt sortes ; quantùmque recor
tur mutat formam crescendo, dor,
et olim erit caput immensi or
bis. Ferunt vates faticinasque Priamides Helenus flenti, dubioque salutis,
sortes dicere sic : quantùm- Dixerat Æneæ, cùm res Trojana laboret ;
querecorder, Helenus Priami
des dixerat Æneæ fenti, du
bioque salutis, cùm Trojana res laboret ;

NOTES.
414. Quicquid, &c.] The urine of the
Lynxes.
419. Quam, &c.] Than I be able to recite
the many objects in nature, subject to chan
ges.
422. Censûque virisque.] In wealth and
Inhabitants.
426. Sparte.] Also called Lacedæmon, a
city of Peloponnese.
Mycenae. A city of Peloponnese.
427. Cecropia.] Athens, the founder of
which was Cecrops.
Arces.] Thebes built by Amphion.
429. Oedipodionise. ] Where Oedipus
reigned.
430. Pandioniæ.] Where Pandion reigned.
Heinsius leaves out these five verses ; and with
propriety, as they interrupt the argument, by
which the poet would prove, that Rome
was raised from the ruins of Troy. And a
gain it is an error to have Sparta twice men
tioned, and that Athens flourished in the
time of Pythagoras.
431. Nunc. Pythagoras pursues his argu
ment, that all things are in a continual mo
tion and vicissitude, by the example of the
city of Rome, which then was greatly in
creased.
Dardaniam. ] Rome built by Romulus,
that descended from the Dardans or Trojans,
once called the Queen of cities, and head not
only of all Italy, but of the whole world.
432. Apenninigenæ.] Apennine, a moun
tain of the east.
435. Vates .] The Sibyls.
436. Faticinasque sortes.] Fate predicting.
Quantùmque ] Pythagoras affirms that he
remembers very well what happened in the
time of the Trojan war, when he was Eu
"
phorbus.
437. Priamide.s] Helenus, the son of Pri
am, who was an excellent prophet.
438. Res Trojana.] When the Trojan em
pire tottered, and was in danger of falling.
 FAB. IV. METAMORPHOSEON. 555

Nate Deâ, si nota satis præsagia nostræ 439 Nate Deâ, si habes præsagia
Mentis habes ; non tota cadet, te sospite, Troja. nostre mentis satis nota ; Tro
ja non cadet tota, te sospite.
Flamma tibi ferrumque dabunt iter. Ibis ; et unà Flammaferrumquedabunt iter
Pergama rapta feres : donec Trojæque, tibique tibi. Ibis ; et feres rapta Per
Externum patrio contingat amicius arvum. gamaunâ : donec externumar
vum amicius patrio contingat
Urbem, et jam cerno Phrygios debere nepotes ; Trojaque, tibique. Et jam
Quanta nec est, nec erit, nec visa prioribus annis. cerno Phrygios nepotes debere
Hanc alii proceres per sæcula longa potentem, urbem; quanta nec est,nec erit,
Sed dominam rerum de sanguine natus Iüli nec visa prioribus annis. Alii
proceres efficienthanc potentem
Efficiet. Quo, cùm tellus erit usa, fruentur per longa sæcula, sed natus de
Æthereæ sedes : cœlumque erit exitus illi. sanguine Iüli efficiet dominam
Hæc Helenum cecinisse Penatigero Æneæ, 450 rerum. Quo, cùm tellus erit
Mente memor refero: cognataque moenia lætor usa, theres sedes fruentur :
cœlumque erit exitus illi. Me
Crescere; et utiliter Phrygibus vicisse Pelasgos. mormenterefero Helenum ce
Ne tamen oblitis ad metam tendere longè cinissehæc Penatigero Æneæ ;
Exspatiemur equis : cœlum, et quodcunque sub que lætor cognata moenia cres
illo est, cere, et Pelasgos vicisse utili
454 ter Phrygibus. Tamen ne ex
Immutat formas, tellusque, et quicquid in illâ est. spatiemur longè, equis oblitis
Nos quoque pars mundi, (quoniam non corpora tendere ad metam ; cœlum, et
[rinas quodcunque estsubillo, immu
solùm,
tat formas, tellusque, et quic
Verùm etiam volucres animæ sumus, inque fe- quid in illa. Nos quoque, pars
Possumus ire domos, pecudumque in pectora mundi (quoniam non sumuş
condi) 458 solùm corpora, verùm etiam
volucres animæ, que possumus
Corpora, quæ possint animas habuisse parentum, ire in ferinas domos, que con
Aut fratrum, aut aliquo junctorum fœdere nobis, di in pectora pecudum) sina
Aut hominum certè, tuta esse, et honestà sina- mus corpora, quæ possint ha
mys : buisse animas parentum, aut
fratrum, aut junctorum nobis
Neve Thyesteis cumulemur viscera mensis. 462 aliquo fœdere, aut certè homi
num, esse tuta et honesta : neve cumulemur viscera Thyesteis mensis.

NOTES.

444. Debere.] Owe. They were under an
obligation to build a city ; the Fates having
decreed it.
446. Alii proceres.] A variety of Lords,
first Kings, then Consuls, &c. by which Rome
was governed.- Per sæcula. ] For 700 years.
447. Natus Iüli.] The Poet passes a com
pliment to Cæsar Octavius Augustus, who
wasthe son of Julius Cæsar by adoption ; and
he traces his mother's descent to Ascanius,
the son of Æneas, who was sur-named Iulus.
450. Penatigero.] Carrying the Penates.
Dardanuscarried the Penates from Samothra
cia into Phrygia ; Æneas carried them out of
> Phrygia into Italy.
452. Utiliter.] The meaning is, that the
Greeks overcame the Trojans, to the advan
tage of the Trojans ; so that the loss of the
city of Troy turned to their advantage, Rome
rising out of its ashes.
453. Ad metam.] To the goal. A meta
phor taken from a race.
454. Exspatiemur longè.] That I may not
expatiate too far.
457. Volucres.] Light and swift. There
is nothing swifter than the mind.- Inque do
mos ferinas.] Into the bodies of wild beasts.
462. Thyesteis.] Atreus and Thyestes were
the sons of Pelops and Hippodamia. They
accepted the kingdom from their father,
upon this condition, that they should rule by
turns, annually. But they disagreed, and
made war on each other. Thyestes, that he
might get into his power the golden Fleece,
in which the fate of the kingdom consisted,
seduced rope, the wife of Atreus, and had
children by her ; which when Atreus heard,
having overcome him in war, he banished
him to Mycene. But not content with that,
he recalled him, pretending to be reconciled,
and having killed and dressed his three chil
dren, set them before him to eat, and gave
him their blood to drink. The Sun, thathe
• might not behold this abominable sight, is
556 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XV.

Quàm malè consuescit, quâm Quàm malè consuescit, quàm se parat ille cruori
impius ille parat se humano
cruori : qui rumpit vituli gut Impius humano ; vituli qui guttura cultro
tura cultro: et præbet immo- Rumpit ; et immotas præbet mugitibus aures !
tas aures mugitibus ! Aut qui Aut qui vagitus similes puerilibus hoedum 466
potest jugulare hædum eden- Edentem jugulare potest ; aut alite vesci, [ in istis
temvagitus similes
aut vesci alite, cuipuerilibus
ipse dedit; Cui dedit ipse cibos ! Quantum est, quod desit
cibos ! Quantùm est, quod de- Ad plenum facinus ! Quo transitus indè paratur !
sit in istis, ad plenum facinus ! Bos aret ; aut mortem senioribus imputet annis :
Quò transitus indè paratur : Horriferum contra Borean ovis arma ministret,
Bos aret; aut imputet mortem Ubera dent saturæ manibus pressanda capellæ.
senioribus annis : ovis minis
tret arma contra horriferum Retia cum pedicis, laqueosque, artesque dolosas
Borean, saturæ capella dent Tollite : nec volucrem viscatâ fallite virgâ :
ubera pressanda manibus. Tol- Nec formidatis cervos a eludite pinniš 475
lite retia cum pedicis, laqueos , Nec celate cibis uncos fallacibus hamos.
que dolosas artes : nec fallite
volucrem viscatâ virgâ : nec Perdite, si qua nocent. Verùm hæc quoque per
eludite cervos formidatis pin dite tantùm . oler [pant.
nis : nec celate uncos hamos Ora vacent epulis : alimentaque b& congrua car
fallacibus cibis . Si qua anima
lia nocent, perdite ea. Verùm Talibus atque aliis 3 instructo pectore dictis
quoque tantùm perdite hæc. In patriam remeasse ferunt ; ultroque petitum
Ora vacent
congrua alimenta. que carpant
epulis, Ferunt Nu Accepisse Numam populi Latialis habenas. 481
mam remeâsse in patriam, pec Conjuge qui felix Nymphâ, ducibusque Cananis,
tore instructo talibus atque Sacrificos docuit ritus ; gentemque feroci
aliis dictis ; ultròque petitum Assuetam bello pacis traduxit ad artes. 484
accepisse habenas Latialis po
puli. Qui felix Nymphâ conjuge, que Camoenis ducibus, docuit sacrificos ritus : que tra
duxit gentem assuetam feroci bello ad artes pacis.
a includite. b mitia.

NOTES.

reported to have turned his rays another way.
Hence came Mensa Thyesteæ, to be used to
express inhumanfeasts . - Cumulemur. ] That
we may load.- Viscera.] Our bowels.
463. Quàm malè, &c.] Pythagoras says,
that he who can endure to kill a calf, a kid,
or a bird, will very easily, by. custom, be
brought to kill men.
Humano cruori. ] To shed human blood.
465. Immotas .] Unmoved with pity.
466. Hadum.] A kid.
467. Vesci alite.] To eat a bird.
468. Quantùm est. ] How little.
469. Facinus plenum.] To murder.
Indè.] From the killing of beasts.
471. Horriferum Borean ] The northern
cold.-Arma.] Garments, a shelter.
472. Pressanda. ] To be milked.
478. Pedicis.] Springes. Pedicæ are shac
kles for the feet, as Manicæ are for the hands,
474. Tollite.] Throw away, banish.
Viscatâ.] Daubed with bird-lime.
476. Celate.] Hide, conceal.
477. Perdite si qua. ] Kill hurtful animals
if they are injurious to you ; but don't eat
their flesh.
478. Ora vacent epulis.] Let us abstain from
such banquets .- Congrua.] Fit for mankind.
479. Pectore instructo.] His mind being
instructed.
Dictis. ] With the doctrines of Pythagoras;
for Ovid follows their opinion, who supposes
that Numa was instructed by Pythagoras.
480. Remeasse .] To have returned.
Ultreque petitum. ] Sought for, and invited
by the Romans of their own accord.
481. Latialis. Of the Latin and Roman
people, for Rome is the head of Latium.
482. Nymphâ conjuge.] The nymph Ege
ria was the wife of Numa Pompilius, who
after the death of her husband, leaving the
city, betook herself to the woods, and was
bythe Gods turned into a fountain. Numa
pretended afterwards to have had conferen
ces with that nymph, touching the laws
and ceremonies he instituted for the Roman
people.
Camænis.] The muses.
483. Sacrificos ritus .] Sacrifices. For he
instituted sacred ceremonies and priests to
every god.
484. Ad artes.] To be religious towards
the gods, and to observe rites, laws, and or
dinances. For Numa new modelled the city
of Rome, which was unpolished and barba
rous before his time.
 FAB. V. METAMORPHOSEON. 557

Quem, postquam senior regnumque ævumque Quem, postquâm senior pere

git regnumque ævumque, La
peregit, [que tiæ nurus, Populusque, Pa
Extinctum Latiæque nurus, Populusque, Patres tresque deflevêre Numam ex
Deflevêre Numam. Nam conjux, urbe relictâ, tinctum. Nam conjux, urbe
Vallis Aricinæ densis latet abdita sylvis : relictâ, latet abdita densis syl
vis vallis Aricinæ : que impe
Sacraque Orestêæ gemitû questûque Dianæ dit sacra Orestêæ Dianæ ge
Impedit. Ah quoties Nymphæ nemorisque lu- mitû questûque. Ah quoties
cûsque 490 Nymphæ nemorisque lucûs
#Ne faceret, monuêre : et consolantia verba que monuêre ne faceret ; et
dixêre consolantia verba ! Ah
Dixere ! Ah quoties flenti Theseïus heros, quoties Theseîus heros dixit
Siste modum, dixit ; neque enim fortuna querenda flenti, Siste modum : neque
Sola tua est. " Similes aliorum respice casus ;" enim tua fortuna sola est que
renda. Respice similes casus
" Mitius ista feres." Utinamque exempla dolentem aliorum; feres ista mitiùs. U
Non meate possent relevare ! Sed et mea possunt. tinamque non mea exempla
༈ Fando aliquem Hippolytum, vestras (puto) con- possent relevare te dolentem !
tigit aures, 497 Sed et mea possunt relevare.
(Puto) contigit vestras aures
Credulitate patris, sceleratæ fraude novercæ fando, aliquem Hippolytum
Occubuisse neci. Mirabere, vixque probabo : occubuisse neci credulitate pa
Sed tamen ille ego sum. Me Pasiphaeïa quondam tris, fraude sceleratæ nover
cæ. Mirabere, vixque pro
Tentatum frustra, patrium temerâsse cubile babo : sed tamen ego sum ille.
(Quod voluit, finxit voluisse ; et crimine verso, Pasiphaeia quondam arguit
Indicii ne metû magis, offensâne repulsæ, ) me frustra tentatum temerâsse
Arguit. Immeritumque pater projecit ab urbe ; patrium cubile (finxit voluisse
quod voluit : et crimine verso,
Hostilique caput prece detestatur euntis . 505 ne metû magis indicii, offen
Pitthean profugo curru Trozena petebam ; sâne repulsæ.) Que pater
projecit immeritum ab urbe ; et detestatur caput euntis hostili prece. Petebam Pittheau
Trozena profugo curru ;

NOTES.

485. Quem.] Numa.died, having reigned
forty-three years.
Peregit.] He finished, he completed.
487. Conjux.] His wife Egeria.
488. Aricinæ.] Aricia is a city of Latium
not far distant from the city of Rome.
489. Sacraque, &c. ] By her sighing and
complaints she interrupted the worship of
Diana, whose image Orestes had broughtfrom
Tauris of Chersonese into Italy, and had set
it up in the city of Aricia.
491. Ne faceret.] That she should not go
on to mourn.
492. Theseïus ] Hippolytus, the son of The
seus, who was torn to pieces by the furious
ness of his horses : and after that, at the en
3 treaty of Diana, by the help of Esculapius,
was restored to life, and made president ofthe
temple of that goddess in the wood Aricina.
493. Siste. ] Stop . Put an end to your
mourning.
496. Relevare te dolentem.] Assuage your
grief.
497. Fando.] By talk. Só Virg. Æneid II.
" Fando aliquid, si forte tuas pervenit ad
aures ."
Aliquem ] A certain person.
498. Patris.] Of Theseus, who too easily
gave credit to his wife Phædra, accusing her
son-in-law - Novercæ. ] Of Phædra.
499. Vixque.] And I shall have a hard
matter to persuade you.
501. Tentatum frustra.] In vain tempted
me to incestuous and adulterous embraces.
Pasiphaeïa is Phædra, the daughter of Mi
nos by Pasiphae.
Temerâsse. ] To have polluted, violated.
502. Crimine verso.] sc. In me.
503. Indicii ne. ] Hippolytus says, he was
accused by Phædra for one of these two
causes, either because she was afraid that he
would accuse her, or because he denied her,
or slighted her.
504. Arguit. 7 Accused.
Projecit.] He banished me.
505. Hostilique prece.] Inprecations more
like an enemy than a father. For Theseus
prayed to Neptune, that his son Hippolytus
might be torn in pieces by his horses.
Euntis. ] Going into banishment .
506. Pitthean.] Trozena is a city of Pe
loponnese, where Hippolytus was brought up
by king Pittheus, the son of Pelops, and the
father of Athra, the mother of Theseus.
558 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XV.

jamque carpebam littora Co- Jamque Corinthiaci carpebam littora ponti,

rinthiaci ponti, cùm tnare sur- Cum mare surrexit : cumulusque immanis a
rexit : que immanis cumulus
aquarum visus curvari in spe quarum
ciem montis, et crescere : et In montis speciem curvari, et crescere visus ;
dare mugitus, que
mo cacumine. Hincfindi sum- Etdare mugitus, summoque cacumine findi. 510
corniger
taurus expellitur undis ruptis, Corniger hinc taurus ruptis expellitur undis,
que erectus in molles auras Pectoribusque tenùs molles erectus in auras,
tenùs pectoribus, evomit par- Naribus et patulo partem maris evomit ore.
tem maris naribus et patulo Corda, pavent comitum. Mihi mens interrita
ore. Corda comitum pavent.
Mens mansit interrita mihi, Exiliis contenta suis. Cùm colla feroces [ mansit,
contenta suis exiliis. Cùm Ad freta convertunt, arrectisque auribus horrent
feroces
freta, ad Quadrupedes ; monstrique metu turbantur ; et
que horrent arrectis auri
altis 517
bus : que turbantur metu mon
stri : et præcipitant currum Præcipitant currum scopulis. Ego ducere vanâ
altis scopulis. Ego luctor du- Fræna manu, spumis albentibus oblita, luctor :
cere frœna vanâ manu, oblita Et retrò lentas tendo resupinus habenas. 520
albentibus spumis : et resupi
nus tendo lentas habenas re- Nec vires tamen has rabies superâsset equorum;
trò. `Nec tamen rabies equo- Nî rota, perpetuum quâ circumvertitur axem,
rum superâsset has vires : ni Stipitis occursu fracta ac disjecta fuisset.
rota, quâ circumvertitur per- Excutior curru : lorisque tenentibus artus, 524
petuum axem, fuisset fracta ac
disjecta occursu stipitis. Ex- Viscera viva trahí, nervosque in a stirpe teneri,
cutior curru : lorisque tenen- Membra rapi partim, partim reprensa relinqui,
tibus artus, videres viscera Ossa gravem dare fracta sonum, fessamque videres
trahi viva, nervosque teneri in
stirpe, membra partim rapi, Exhalari animam ; nullasquè in corpore partes,
partim relinqui reprensa, ossa Noscere quas posses : unumque erat omnia vulnus.
fracta dare gravem sonum, que Nùm potes, aut audes cladi componere nostræ,
fessam animam exhalari : nul
Vidiquoqueluce carentia regna.
lasque partes in corpore, quas Nympha, tuam?
posses noscere : que omnia erat unum vulnus. Nympha, nùm potes aut audes componere
wam nostræ cladi ? Vidi quoque regna carentia luce, a stipe.

NOTES

508. Surrexit.] Swelled, became turgid. the sea-calf.

509. In montis.] Hippolytus, by way of
emphasis, shows how big that sea- calf was,
which made the sea rise up like a mountain.
510. Dare mugitus. ] To bellow. For sea
calves low or bellow like oxen.
511. Corniger, &c.] After the sea-calf burst
the waves in sunder, he came forth.
Expellitur.] He breaks out, bursts forth.
515. Exiliis contenta.] Being altogether
taken up with sorrow for being banished.
Colla.] Their heads.
Feroces.] The fierce horses by which the
chariot of Hippolytus was drawn.
516. Ad freta.] To the sea, by reason of
the noise made by the sea-calf.
Arrectisque auribus. This is properly spo
ken of cattle : and so metaphorically, Terenee
in Andria ; 66 Arrige aures, Pamphile." And
66
Virg. Æn. II. Atque arrectis auribus ad
sto." In English, Prick up your ears.
Horrent.] They are affrighted.
517. Monstrique metu. ] With the fear of
Altis scopulis.] Over high rocks.
518. Præcipitant. ] They hurry.
Ego, &c ] I in vain endeavour to curb
the reins, bedewed with the foam.
520. Et retrò.] sc. Ducere, to draw back.
Lentas habenas.] The pliable reins.
Tendo resupinus.] I bend, lean backward,
pull with all my strength.
Rabies. The fierceness.
524. Excutior curru.] I am tossed out of
the chariot.- Lorisque tenentibus. ] Entan
gled in the harness.
526. Reprensa.] Being caught bythe roots
and stumps ofthe trees.
527. Gravem sonum.] A great noise.
Videres.] You might see.
528. Exhalari. ] To be breathed out.
530. Num potes.] Hippolytus says, his
calamity was greater than Egeria's.
Componere. ] To compare.
531. Vidi, &c.] I went down to the infer
nal shades.
FAB . VI. METAMORPHOSEON , 559

Et lacerum fovi Phlegethontide corpus in undâ. et fovi lacerum corpus in

unda. Nec
Nec, nisi Apollineæ valido medicamine prolis, vita foret reddita, nisi valido
Reddita vita foret. Quam postquam fortibus medicamine Apollineæ prolis.
herbis 534 Quam postquam recepi forti
bus herbis et Pæonia ope,
Atque ope Pæoniâ, Dite indignante, recepi ;
Dite indignante ; tum Cynthia
Tum mihi, ne præsens augerem muneris hujus objecit mihi densas nubes, ne
Invidiam, densas objecit Cynthia nubes : præsens augerem invidiam
Utque forem tutus: possemque impune videri ; hujus muneris, utque forem
Addidit ætatem : nec cognoscenda reliquit 539 tutus, possemque videri im
pune ; addidit ætatem : neç
Ora mihi. Cretenque diu dubitavit habendam reliquit mihi ora cognoscenda.
Traderet, an Delon. Delô Cretâque relictis Que dubitavit diu traderat
Hic posuit : nomenque simul, quod possit equorum Creten habendam, an Delon.
Posuit hic Delo Cretâque re
Admonuisse, jubet deponere : Quique fuisti lictis, que simul jubet depone
Hippolytus, dixit, nunc idem Virbius esto. 544 re nomen, quod possit admo
Hoc nemus inde colo. De Dîsque minoribus unus nuisse equorum: que dixit,
Numine sub Dominæ lateo ; atque a acrenseor illi. Qui fuisti Hippolytus, nunc
idem esto Virbius. Indè colo
Non tamen Egeria luctus aliena levare
hoc nemus. Que unus de mi
Damna valent : montisque jacens radicibus imis noribus Dis, lateo sub numine
Liquitur in lacrymas : donec pietate dolentis Dominæ atque accenseor illi.
Mota soror Phœbi gelidum de corpore fontem Tamen aliena
lent levare damna
luctus non va
Egeriæ: que
Fecit , et æternas artus tenuavit in undas : 551 jacens imis radicibus montis
At Nymphas tetigit nova res : et Amazone natus liquitur in lacrymas : donec
Haud aliter stupuit, quàm cúm Tyrrhenus arator soror Phoebi, mota pietate
Fatalem glebam mediis aspexit in arvis, 554 dolentis, fecit gelidum fontem
de corpore ; et tenuavit artus
in æternas undas. At nova res tetigit Nymphas : et natus Amazone stupuit baud aliter,
quàmcùm Tyrrhenus arator aspexit fatalem glebam in mediis arvis,

a assentior vel acceptior:

NOTES.
532. Et lacerum, &c.] I bathed my torn
body in the hot water of Phlegethon, one of
the rivers of Hell.
533. Apollineæ. ] Of Esculapius, the son
of Apollo.
534. Fortibus herbis.] With powerful
efficacious herbs,
535. Ope Pæoniâ.] i. e. By the art of
physic, either because Apollo, the inventor of
physic, is called Pæan, or of Pæan, a skilful
Physician, whom Homer mentions to have
cured Pluto when wounded by Hercules.
Dite indignante.] Pluto being displeased
that I was restored to life.
556. Ne, &c.] Lest if I should live in
Greece, I should raise the envy ofthe Athe
nians against me, I was hidden by Diana.
537. Cynthia.] Diana, so called from
Cynthos a mountain of Delos.
538. Impune.] Without any hazard.
539. Addidit ætatem.] Made me older
than when I was torn in pieces by the horses.
540. Ora cognoscenda.] My face by which
I might be known. Hippolytus intimates,
that he was turned into a new shaped that he
might not be known by any one. -Creten
habendam. ] Whether I should live in Crete.
542. Hic.] In Latium, near Aricia.
Nomenque. ] For he was called Hippolytus
because he was torn in pieces by horses. For
πTOS is an horse, and Auw is to dissolve.
544. Virbius.] Because he seems to have
been bis vir, i. e a man twice ; both before
he was torn to pieces by his horses, and also
after he was restored to life.
545. Indê.] From the time that I was
recalled from the infernal regions, I dwell
here in the Aricinian grove.
546. Accenseor.] I was taken into her
retinue, and was initiated into the society of
those that serve at her altars.
547. Levare.] To alleviate.
549. Liquitur ] Is resolved, melted, turned
into.
550. Soror Phœbi.] Diana.
551. Tenuavit.] She dissolved into thin
water.
552. Nymphas tetigit nova res. ] Thenymphs
were astonished at the new miracle.
Amazone natus. ] Hippolytus, the son of
Hippolyta, queen of the Amazons.
553. Tyrrhenus.] Theseus.
554. Fatalem.] In which the fates and fore
knowledge of future things were contained,
 560 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XV.
1
primùm cœpit moveri su Sponte suâ primùm, nulloque agitante moveri :
sponte, nulloque agitante : Sumere mox hominis, terræque amittere formam
mox sumere formam hominis,
que amittere terræ ; que ape Oraque venturis aperire recentia fatis.
rire recentia ora fatis ventu- Indigenæ dixêre Tagen : qui primus Etruscam
ris. Indigene dixêre Tagen : Edocuit gentem casus aperire futuros.
qui primus edocuit Etruscam Utve. Palatinis hærentem collibus olim 560
gentem aperire futuros casus
Ut ve cùm Romulus olim vi- Cúm subito vidit frondescere Romulus hastam ;
dit hastam hærentem Palati- Quæ radice novâ, non ferro stabat adacto ;
nis collibus subitò frondescere : Et jam non telum, sed lenti viminis arbor,
quæ stabat novâ radice, non
ferro adacto : et jam non te Non expectatas dabat admirantibus umbras.
lum, sed arbor lenti viminis, Aut sua flumineâ cûm vidit Cipus in undâ 565
dabat non expectatas umbras Cornua, ( vidit enim ) falsamque in imagine cre
admirantibus. Aut cum Cipus Esse fidem , digitis ad frontem sæpe relatis , [ dens
vidit sua cornua in flumineâ
undâ, (vidit enim ) que cre Quæ vidit, tetigit. Nec jam sua lumina damnans
dens falsam fidem esse in ima- Restitit, ut, victor, domito remeabat ab hoste.
gine, tetigit quæ vidit, digitis Ad cœlumque oculos et eòdem brachia tollens,
sæpe relatis ad frontem. Nec Quicquid , ait, Superi, monstro portenditur isto,
jam damnans sua lumina resti- Seu lætum est patriæ lætum, populoque Quirini ;
tit ut victor remeabát ab Sive minax, mihi sit. Viridique e cespite factas
domito hoste. Que tollens
oculos ad cœlum, et brachia Placat odoratis herbosas ignibus aras : 574
eòdem, ait, Superi, quicquid Vinaque dat pateris ; mactatarumque bidentum,
portenditur isto monstro, seu Quid a sibi significent, trepidantia consulit exta.
Lætum est, lætum sit patriæ, Quæ simul inspexit Tyrrhenæ gentis haruspex ;
populoque Quirini sive minax,
sit mihi . Que placat herbo- Magna quidem rerum molimina vidit in illis ;
sas aras factas è viridi cespite Non manifesta tamen. Cùm verò sustulit & acre
odoratis ignibus . que dat viná
pateris : que consulit trepidantia exta mactatarum bidentum quid significent sibi. Quæ
simul haruspex Tyrrhenæ gentis inspexit ; quidem vidit magna molimina rerum in illis ;
tamen non manifesta. Cùm verò sustulit acre
a Quæ sibi signa ferent, &c. " b augur.
!
NOTES.

556. Terræque. ] The shape of the clod. 568. Nec jam, &c.] Not now any longer
557. Venturis fatis.] To the art of know disbelieving his eyes, as he had done before.
ing things to come. 569. Ab hoste.] From his conquered
Recentia.] Newly formed from the earth. enemies.
558. Dixere.] They called. 571. Portenditur. ] Whatever is predicted.
Qui ] For Tages was the first person that . 572. Patriæ.] sc. Sit- Populoque.] Tothe
taught the Tuscans the Art of Soothsaying Roman people, so called from Romulus, who
560. Utve ] The poet says, that Virbius after his death, obtained the name Quirinus.
was as much astonished at Egeria's being . 573. Minax.] Menacing
turned into a fountain, as Romulus was when 574. Placat.] He appeases. A metonymy :
he saw his spear become a tree.— -Hæren
) For the gods are said to be appeased by sa
tem.] Sticking in the Palatine mountain. crifices offered on their altars.
562. Non ferro.] The point of the spear Odoratis. Frankincense.
being fixed in the mountain was turned into 575, Vinaque.] He pours wine into cups ;
a root. T-Stabat.] It stood upright. and then, according to custom, upon the
563. Lenti viminis. ] A Cornel tree has sacrifice.- -Mactatarumque bidentum.] Of
very pliable branches. sheep slain for sacrifice.
564. Non expectatas.] Unhoped for. 576. Quid, &c.] sc. Cornua in fronte
Dabat. ] Afforded. -Admirantibus. ] To nata.
the admiring spectators. Trepidantia.] Panting.
565 , Aut cum.] sc. " Ita stupuit Virbius.” 577. Tyrrhena.] Soothsayers were brought
Cipus. ] It was formerly in the vulgar from Etruria .
copies Cippus ; but is Genucius Cipus, ac 578. Pagna molimina.] Great events .
cording to Valerius Maximus. Heinsius, 579. Acre lumen.] His piercing eyes,
FAB. VII. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 561

A pecudis fibris ad Cipi cornua lumen ; 580 lumen à fibris pecudis ad cor
Rex, ait, ô salve; tibi enim, tibi, Cipe, tuisque nua Cipi ; ait, Salve, ô rex ;
enim hic locus, et Latia arces
Hic locus, et Latiæ parebunt cornibus arces. parebunt tibi, Cipe, tuisque
Tu modò rumpe moram ; portasque intrare cornibus. Modò tu rumpe
patentes [receptus moram que appropera in
Appropera : sic fata jubent. Namque Urbe rare patentes portas : sic fata
jubent. Namque receptus
Rex eris ; et sceptro tutus potiere perenni. 585 Urbe eris rex : et tutus
Rettulit ille pedem ; torvamque à manibus Urbis potiêre perenni sceptro. Ille
Avertens faciem, Procul, ah Procul omina, dixit, retulit pedem ; que avertens
torvam faciem à manibus
Talia Dî pellant : multoque ego justius ævum Urbis, dixit, Dî pellant talia
Exul agam; quàm me videant Capitolia regem. omina procul, ah procul : que
Dixit : et extemplò populumque gravemque ego exul agam ævum justius
Senatum 590 multo ; quàm Capitolia vi
deant me regem. Dixit : et ex
Convocat. Antè tamen pacali cornua lauro templò convocat populumque
Velat ; et aggeribus factis à milite forti gravemque Senatum. Tamen
Insistit : priscoque Deos è more precatus, antè velat cornua pacali lauro:
En, ait, hic unus, quem vos ni pellitis urbe, et insistit aggeribus factis
à forti milite : que precatus
-Rex erit. Is qui sit, signo, non nomine dicam. Deos è prisco more, ait,
Cornua fronte gerit. Quem. vobis indicat augur, En unus hic, quem nisi vos
Si Romam intrârit, famularia jura daturum . pellitis urbe, erit rex. Dicam
Ille quidem potuit portas irrumpere apertas : quis iscornua sit, signo non nomine.
fronte. Quem
Sed nos obstitimus : quamvis conjunctior illo augur indicat vobis : si intra
- Nemo mihi est. Vos Urbe virum prohibete, rit Romam, daturum famula
Quirites ; 600 riajura. Ille quidem potuit
irrumpere apertas portas ; sed
Vel, si dignus erit, gravibus vincite catenis : nos obstitimus : quamvis ne
Aut finite metum fatalis morte tyranni. mo est conjunctior mihi illo.
Qualia succinctis, ubi trux insibilat Eurus, Quirites, vos prohibete virum
Murmura pinetis fiunt ; aut qualia fluctus 604 cite Urbe ; vel, si erit dignus, vin
gravibus catenis : aut
Æquorei faciunt, si quis procùl audiat illos ; finite metum fatalis tyranni
morte. Qualia murmura fiunt succinctis pinetis, ubi trux Eurus insibilat aut qualia æquorei
fluctus faciunt, si quis audiat illos procul ;

NOTES.

580. A pecudis fibris.] From the entrails custom .

of cattle.
582. Hic.] He points to Rome with his
finger.- Latiæ arces.] The Roman empire ,
583. Tu modò, &c.] Do you but make
haste to enter the open gates. 3 599. Quamvis, &c.] Cipus intimates fi
584. Urbe.] Into the city.
585. Perenni sceptro.] A perpetual
kingdom.
586. Torvamque. ] Stern.
587. Omina.] Prognostics.
588. Pellant.] Let them avert.
589. Pacali lauro. ] Concerning a laurel's
being a sign of peace, much is said bythe
ancients. Pliny. Ipsa pacifera ut quam
prætendi etiam apud armatos hostes, quietis
sit indicium.
593. Insistit.] He stands upon a bank
· made of turf, that he might be heard by all.
Priscoque more. ] According to ancient
4 C
595. Dicam.] I will show you.
597. Famulatis ] Servile laws, by which
all ought to obey as servants.
598. Irrumpere.] To enter by force.
guratively him, who the soothsayers said was
to be their king.
600. Prohibete.] Drive him away.
603. Qualia.] The poet expresses by two
similes, what sort of a murmur there was
among the people, after Cipus had made an
end of his speech. - Succinctis.] Lofty
and tall. Those things which are high girt
are said to be succincta ; whence comes
succincti milites, because they wear short
garments, and seem to be alius cincti. And
the Pinetrees are said to be succincta, because
those sort of trees are without knots, and tall,
not dividing in branches, except near the top,
562 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XV .

populus sonat tale. Sed ta- Tale sonat populus. Sed per confusa frementis
men una vox eminet per con- Verba tamen vulgi vox eminet una : Quis ille ?
fusa verba frementisspectantvulgi; Et spectant frontes : prædictaque cornua quærunt.
Quis aut ille Et
frontes : que quærunt præ- Rursùs ad hos Cipus, Quem poscitis, inquit,
dicta cornua. Cipus inquit habetis : 609
rarsûs ad hos, Habetis quem Et demptâ capiti, populo prohibente, coronâ,
poscitis et coronâ demptâ
capiti, populo prohibente, Exhibuit gemino præsignia tempora cornu.
exhibuit tempora præsignia Demisêre oculos omnes ; gemitumque dedêre:
gemino cornu. Omnes demi- Atque illud meritis clarum (quis credere possit?)
carere
atque que
sere :oculos,
tum illud Inviti videre caput ; nec honore
vidêregemi-
invitidedêre
caput clarum meritis (quis Ulteriùs passi, festam imposuêre coronam. 615
posset credere :) nec passi At proceres, quoniam muros intrare vetaris,
carere honore ulteriùs im- Ruris honorati tantum tibi, Cipe, dedêre,
posuêre festam coronam.
Cipe, quoniam At, Quantum depresso subjectis bubus aratro
vetaris intrare
muros, proceres dedêre tan- Complecti posses ad finem lucis ab ortu.
tum ruris honorati tibi, quan- Cornuaque æratis e miram referentia formam 620
tum posses complecti aratro Postibus insculpunt, longum mansura per ævum.
depresso bubus subjectîs, ab
ortu ad finem lucis, Que insculpunt cornua referentia miram formam æratis postibus,
mansura per longum ævum.
a mirante . b vereris. c veram.

NOTES.

606. Frementis.] Of the murmuring
people.
607. Eminet.] Is louder.
611. Gemino cornu .] With two horns.
Præsignia.] Remarkable.
612. Demisêre. ] They cast down their
eyes that they might not witness to a sight
theygrieved to see.
613. Quis. ] No body would believe that
the Romans should unwillingly behold the
face of a man that had deserved so well of
his country. For those who deserve well
of us, we are wont to look upon with much
pleasure and joy.
615. Festam.] Joyful. For the Romans
always used to adorn the citizens who behaved
well, with Crowns : and these crowns were
of various sorts, and diversified according
to the exploits that had been performed in
war.
616. Proceres.] The Senators.
617. Tantum ruris.] So much estate.
619. Ad finem, &c.] From sun-rising te
sun-setting.
620. Eratis postibus. ] Upon brazen
posts.
Referentia.] Representing the wonderful
effigies of Cipus.

EXP. FAB. I. II. III . IV. V. VI. VII. & VIII. Our poet on his entrance on
the XVth Book, which closes his Metamorphoses, is under the necessity, in
order to furnish it with matter, to consult natural philosophy ; having ex
hausted that fund with which he had been furnished by ancient history. For
thispurpose he introduces Pythagoras, who was remarkable for his knowledge
in nature, and who had come from Asia to settle at Crotona in Italy, the
better to advantage by the knowledge he had been instructed in bythe
Egyptian priests. He goes so far back as the fountain of the city made
choice of by Pythagoras for his residence, which was built by Myscelos,
and inhabited by a colony he brought from Argos.
Ovid, the better to support the high idea the Romans had conceived of
Numa Pompilius, says he had been brought up under Pythagoras, whose fame
for knowledge had spread through Europe : however, Livy tells us this phi
losopher did not flourish until the reign of Servius Tullius, the sixth king of
Rome ; at the distance from Numa's time of 147 years. One of the princi
ples recommended by this philosopher to his followers, was to abstain from
 FAB. V11. METAMORPHOSEON. 563

animal food, the better perhaps to govern and humanize his pupils, who in
those early ages, were not less brutal than ignorant ; and in order to engage
them in this abstinence, he taught the doctrine of Transmigration, ( the spirit
of one body taking possession ofanother ; ) inculcating by this a notion that
a man might chance to eat a portion of a former friend. This part of the Py
thagorean doctrine, Ovid has displayed with all the beauty of wit and inven
tion he was master of. Some have supported the doctrine just mentioned
according to the literal acceptation of the words, while others take them in
a more unconfined sense. As for instance, when it is said that the spirit of
a man had entered the body of a beast, they supposed it no other than a
lively figure, to shew how much his irregular passions had degraded him.
Pythagoras had instructed his pupils in the motions of the heavenly bo
dies, also in the changes of the universe, and other things which are taken
notice of by Ovid, some ofwhich are extravagantly absurd, viz : that the
waters of a river of Thrace petrified all those that drank them ; that he knew
of a fountain which kindled wood ; and that the Phoenix renewed her exist
ence from the ashes ofher dissolution.
The Poet, on finishing his eulogium of Numa, introduces the nymph
Egeria, whom Numa is supposed to have consulted in the Arician forest,
respecting the laws he intended for the Roman government, the better to
give them weight and influence. The same course is said to have been fol
lowed by Zamolxis, who consulted his Genii in respect to the laws he gave
to the Scythians. As Minos the First consulted Jupiter with regard to the Cre
tan laws ; and Lycurgus, the remarkable legislator, attributed his to Apollo.
All which may be well supposed to have had their foundation in whatthe Holy
Scriptures relate of Moses receiving the tables of the law from Mount Sinai.
By what has been said of Numa, we are to understand that he passed his
whole reign in profound peace ; and made it his principal care to encourage
piety and justice, and to civilize his people by good and wholesome laws.
His great wisdom in governing made it believed that he was inspired, which
is the foundation of the fable respecting him.
The story of Hippolytus, as it is related by Ovid, is extremely moving,
and had its foundation in that distress of mind he was thrown into, which en
gaged his attention so much, thathe neglected the management of his horses,
and was unhappily overturned in his chariot, which occasioned his death.
However, the Trozenians, who paid divine honours to this young Prince,
would not give credit to what has just been related ; but persuaded them
selves, that being so respected by the gods, they had taken him up to heaven,
and placed him among the Constellations, where he appears the Charioteer.
Tages was the first who taught the art of divination ; he was deeply skilled
in auguries and auspices ; but being of an obscure origin, was said to have
sprung from the earth.
What Ovid has related respecting the spear said to be cast by Romulus
towards the Capitol, from the Aventine Mount, and its becoming a tree,
which flourished until the commencement ofthe first civil war, can only be
considered as an allegory greatly illustrating the sense in which it is to be
taken the tree represents the Roman constitution, which flourished, and
with its spreading branches gave protection, so long as it was carefully pre
served and attended to by those to whom the care of it was particularly in
trusted ; but no sooner did unskilful hands attempt to lop its branches, or
vary its cultivation, than it began to decline, and that mode of management
adopted by Julius Cæsar, was so unnatural as to cause its speedy dissolu
tion. It is said Cæsar directed a building to be erected near the spot on
564 F. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XV.

which the tree stood ; and that in sinking the foundation the root ofit was
eut, which soon occasioned its decay ; and it is to be lamented that the fate of
this traitor to his country, this daring violator of its constitutional rights, was
attended by no happier consequences than those which ensued his fall.
Livy takes notice of a fig - tree which stood near where the Caprotine Nones
were celebrated ; but this could not be the tree which was planted 700
years before.
The next thing mentioned is the circumstance respecting Genucius Cipus,
the Roman Prætor, from whose forehead, on his return to Rome from his
conquests, or on his leaving the city, as recorded by Valerius Maximus,
horns began to spring, on which he consulted the soothsayers and augurs,
who were of opinion, that if he re-entered Rome, he must necessarily be
declared king ; which considering as an event not only disgusting to the
people, but subversive of their constitution ; he therefore went into a vo
luntary exile. The people, to perpetuate the memory of such generous
behaviour, set up a head in bronze over the gate through which he is said
to have passed, called Radusculana,

FAB. IX. ESCULAPIUS IN DRACONEM.

Rome is desolated by a pestilence. They consult the oracle, and are told ,
that to make it cease, Esculapius must be brought to Rome. They
dispatch ambassadors to Epidaurus to demand the God. The people
refuse him ; but he appears himself to one of the Romans in a dream,
and consents to go. He no sooner arrives but the contagion stops, and
a temple is built to him.

Musæ, præsentia Numina PANDITE nunc, Musæ, præsentia Numiną

vatum nunc pandite (scitis e vatum,
nim, nec spatiosa vetuastas fal
lit vos) unde insula circumflua ( Scitis enim, nec vos fallit spatiosa vetustas)
alveo Tybridis adsciverit Co- Unde Coroniden circumflua Tybridis alveo
roniden sacris Romulea ur- Insula Romulea sacris adsciverit urbis.
bis. Dira lues quondam vi
tiaverat Latias auras, pallida Dira lues quondam Latias vitiaverat « auras, 5
que corpora squalebaut ex- Pallidaque exsangui squalebant corpora tabo.
sangui tabo. Postquam fessi Funeribus fessi postquam mortalia cernunt
funeribus cernunt mortalia Tentamenta nihil, nihil artes posse medentum ;
tentamenta posse nihil, artes
medentum nihil ; petunt cœ- Auxilium coeleste petunt : mediamque tenentes
leste auxilium : que adeunt Orbis humum Delphos adeunt, oracula Phœbi ;
Delphos tenentes mediam hu
mum orbis, oracula Phobi : Utque salutiferâ miseris succurrere rebus 11
que orant ut velit succurrere Sorte velit, tantæque urbis mala finiat, orant,
miseris rebus salutiferâ sorte, que finiat mala tantæ urbis. a oras.

NOTES.

1. Præsentia.] The Muses are the favou 5. Dira lues.] A dreadful pestilence.
rite gods of the poets, and are feigned to be 6. Exsangui ] Bloodless.
their patrons. 7. Mortalia tentamenta.] Human efforts.
4. Adsciverit.] Associated. The Romans 9. Mediamque. ] Delphos is said to be in
called those gods Adsciti, that were opposed the middle of the earth.
to the Indigetes or Indigeni whose sacred 11. Salutiferâ sorte. ] A health-bringing
rites were brought from foreign parts into answer,
Italy.
FAB. IX. METAMORPHOSEΩN. 565

Et locus, et laurus, et quas habet illa, pharetræ, Et locus, et laurus, et phare

Intremuêre simul : cortinaque reddidit imo [ vit : træ quas illa
ere simul habet,
: que intremu
cortina reddi
Hanc adyto vocem ; pavefactaque pectora mo- dit hanc vocem imo adyto ;
Quod petis hinc, propiore loco, Romane, petîsses : que movit pavefacta pectora :
Et pete nunc propiore loco. Nec Apolline vobis, Romane, petîsses propiore
Qui minuat luctus, opus est ; sed Apolline nato. loco quod petis hinc ; et nunc
pete propiore loco. Nec opus
Ite bonis avibus : prolemque arcessite nostram. est vobis Apolline, qui minuat
Jussa Dei prudens postquam accepêre Senatus ; luctus ; sed nato Apolline. Ite
Quam colat, explorant, juvenis Phoebeïus urbem ; bonis avibus : que arcessite
Quique petant ventis Epidauria littora mittunt. nostram prolem. Postquam
prudens Senatus accepêrejussa
Quæ simul incurvâ missi tetigêre carinâ ; Dei ; explorant, quam urbem
Concilium Graïosque patres adiêre ; darentque juvenis Phoebeìus colat ; que
Oravêre Deum ; qui præsens funera gentis 25 mittunt qui petant Epidauria
littora ventis. Quæ simul
Finiat Ausoniæ. a Certas ita dicere sortes. missi tetigêre incurvâ carinâ ;
Dissidet, et variat sententia : parsque
frepert negandum adiêre concilium Graiosque
Non putat auxilium ; multi renuere ; suamque patres : que oravêre, darent
Non emittere opem, nec Numina tradere sua- Deum : qui præsens finiat fu
nera Ausoniæ gentis. Certas
dent. [ cem : sortes dicere ita. Sententia
Dùm dubitant ; seram pepulêre crepuscula lu dissidet, et variat : parsque
[Umbraque telluris tenebras induxerat orbi ] putat auxilium non negan
dum ; que multi renuêre ; que
Cùm Deus in somnis opifer consistere visus suadent non emittere suam o
Ante tuum, Romane, torum ; sed qualis in æde pem, nec tradere Numina .
Dum dubitant ; crépuscula
pepulêre seram lucem : [umbraque telluris induxerat tenebras orbi .] cùm opifer Deus, visus
in somnis consistere ante tuum torum, Romane : sed qualis solet esse in æde :
acertant addicere sortes. b amittere vel demittere.

NOTES.
14. Cortina. ] The thing containing for
the thing contained. The poets use the word
Cortina for the Tripod of Apollo, from
whence the oracles were given out ; whether
it was a table, or any other device, supported
by three feet, upon which the priestesses of
Phoebus getting up, were wont to give
forth their oracles, and to predict. Cortina
is properly a vessel with three feet, or a
kettle in which paints and colours are boil
ed : Also the hangings and curtains with
which any place is covered are called Cor
tinæ.
15. Adyto.] A more secret part of the
temple, into which none but the priest must
enter .
16. Propiore.] Nearer your own city. For
Epidaurus was nearer to Rome than Delphos.
18. Apolline nato.] Esculapius, the son of
Apollo.
19. Bonis avibus.] With good luck. The
prognostics were taken from the flying and
singing of birds.- Arcessite, &c. ] Call my
son Esculapius to your assistance.
20. Senatus.] This is a synthesis.
21. Explorant.] They inquire diligently
for.
Juvenis.] Esculapius, the son of Apollo.
22. Petant. ] Should sail to.--Epidauria. ]
Epidaurus is a city of Peloponnese, chiefly
famous for the temple of Æsculapius.
23. Carinâ . With or in a ship. The part
for the whole.
25. Præsens. ] Being present.
Funera. ] The pestilence of which the Ro
mans and Italians died.
26. Certas. ] Others read it thus, Certant
addicere sortes, i. e. The ambassadors en
deavour that their words may be agreeable to
the answers of Apollo.
27. Dissidet.] The opinions of the Epi
daurian Senators were disagreeing and va
rious. For some were for delivering Escu
lapius to the Romans, and others refused to
do it. 1
28. Suamque.] Their help, i. e. Æscula
pius, to whom they applied themselves in
their adversity.
30. Dum dubitant.] While they deliberate
concerning the matter.
31. Umbraque, &c. ] Heinsius rejects this
verse ; and indeed, if it be admitted, the poet
has spoken very inelegantly.
35. Qualis. In human form, not the form
of a dragon. For Esculapius was worship
ped in his temples in a human shape, although
he was carried to Rome transformed into a
serpent.
566 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XV.

que tenens agreste baculum Esse solet : baculumque tenens agreste sinistra,
sinistrâ, visus est deducere ca- Cæsariem longæ dextrâ deducere barbæ, 35
sariem longæ barbæ dextrâ :
et emittere tales voces placido Et placido tales emittere pectore voces : [quam.
pectore : Pone metus : ve- Pone metus : veniam ; simulacraque nostra relin
niam, que relinquam nostra Hunc modò serpentem, baculum qui nexibus
simulacra. Modò perspice
hunc serpentem, qui ambit ambit, [possis,
baculum nexibus : et usque Perspice : et usque nota visu, ut cognoscere
nota visu, ut poscis cognoscere, Vertar in hunc : sed major ero ; tantusque videbor
vertar in hunc : sed ero ma- In quantum verti cœlestia corpora debent : 41
jor ; que videbor tantus, in
quantum cælestia corpora de- Extemplò cum voce Deus, cum voce, Deoque,
bent verti : extemplò Deus Somnus abit : somnique fugam lux alma secuta
abit cum voce, somnus cum Postera sidereos Aurora fugaverat ignes : [ est.
voce Deoque que alma lux
secuta est fugam somni. Pos- Incerti quid agant proceres, ad templa petiti 45
tera Aurora fugaverat sidereos Conveniunt operosa Dei : quâque ipse morari
ignes : proceres incerti quid Sede velit, signis cœlestibus indicet, orant.
agant conveniunt ad operosa Vix bene desierant ; cùm cristis aureus altis
templa petiti Dei : que orant,
indicet cælestibus signis, quâ In serpente Deus prænuntia sibila misit : 49
sede ipse velit morari. Vix Adventûque suo, signumque, arasque, foresque
bene desierant ; cùm aureus Marmoreumque solum, fastigiaque aurea movit :
Deus misit prænuntia sibila in Pectoribusque tenùs, mediâ sublimis in æde
serpente, altis cristis : que mo
vit signumque, arasque, fores- Constitit : atque oculos circumtulit igne micantes.
que, marmoreumque solum, Territa turba pavet. « Cognovit Numina castos
que aurea fastigia suo adven- Evinctus vittâ crines albente sacerdos : [favete,
tû: que constitit sublimis te
nùs pectoribus in medià æde : Et, Deus en, Deus en : linguisque animisque
atque circumtulit oculos mi- Quisquis ades, dixit. Sis, ò pulcherrime, visus
cantes igne. Turba territa Utiliter : populosque juves tua sacra colentes.
pavet. Sacerdos evinctus cas
tos crines albente vittâ cogno Quisquis adest jussum venerantur Numen : et
vit Numina : et dixit, En omnes 59
Deus, en Deus : quisquis ades Verba sacerdotis referunt geminata : piumque
favete linguisque animisque. Eneadæ præstant et mente et voce favorem.
O pulcherrime, sis visus utili- Annuit his : motisque Deus rata pignora cristis
liter que juves populos co
lentes tua sacra. Quisquis adest, venerantur jussum Numen, et omnes referunt geminata
verba sacerdotis : que Æneadæ præstant pium favorem et mente et voce. Deus annuit his ;
que dedit rata pignora motis cristis, a cognovit numen Acastus.

NOTES.

35. Longæ.] Of his long beard. For Es
culapius was represented with a beard ; but
Apollo without one.
58. Serpentem.] These were things added
to the image of Esculapius, as a great staff
and a waking dragon.
39. Usque, &c. ] Take so much notice that
you may be able to know him again.
44. Sidereos ignes. ] The stars, the lights
of the night.
45. Proceres.] sc. The nobles of Epidau
rus.
Petiti.] Of Esculapius, that was sought
by the Romans.
47. Quâ sede.] What city, whether in Epi
daurus or Rome.
48. Aureus Deus.] Esculapius, who was
worshipped under a golden image, and
turned into a serpent.
49. Prænuntia.] Signifying that he was
coming.--Misit.] He sent out.
50. Signumque.] The image or statue of
the God.
56. Favete.] Be present at the sacred rites
with an attentive and devout mind, &c.
57. Sis, &c.] The prayers of the priest to
Esculapius.
61. Eneadæ.] The Romans who them
selves foreboded something good.
62. Rata pignora.] The certain signs, by
which he gave them to understand that he
would perform what they desired.
FAB. IX. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 567

Ter repetita dedit vibratâ sibila linguâ. sibila ter repetita vibratâ lin
Tum delabitur nitidis
Tum gradibus nitidis delabitur ; oraque retrò gua.
gradibus, que flectit ora re
Flectit : et antiquas abiturus respicit aras : 65 trò : et abiturus respicit an
Assuetasque domos, habitataque templa salutat. tiquas aras : que salutat assu
etas domos, que habitata
indè per injectis adopertam floribus ingens templa. Indè ingens serpit
Serpit humum, flectitque sinus : mediamque per per humum adopertam flori
urbem bus injectis, flectitque sinus :
Tendit ad incurvo munitos aggere portus. et tendit per mediam urbem
ad portus munitos incurvo
Restitit hic: agmenque suum, turbæque sequen- aggere. Hic restitit : que vi
Officium placido visus dimittere vultu ; [tis sus dimittere suum agmen,
Corpus in Ausoniâ posuit rate. Numinis illa 72 que officium turbæ sequentis
placido vultu ; posuit corpus
Sensit onus : pressâque Dei gravitate carinâ in Ausoniâ rate. Illa sensit
Æneade gaudent ; cæsoque in littore tauro, onus Numinis : que carinâ
Torta coronatæ solvunt retinacula navis. 75 pressâ gravitate Dei Æneada
Impulerat levis aura ratem. Deus eminet altè : gaudent ; que solvunt torta
retinacula coronatæ navis,
Impositâque premens puppim cervice recurvam, tauro cæse in littore. Levis
Cæruleas despectat aquas : modicisque per æquor aura impulerat ratem. Deus
Ionium Zephyris sexto Pallantidos ortu eminet altè : que premens re
Italiam tenuit ; præterque Lacinia templo 80 curvam puppim cervice im
positâ, despectat cæruleas o
Nobilitata Deæ Scylacêaque littora fertur. quas que tenuit Italiam per
Linquit Iapygiam, lævisque Amphissia remis Ionium æquor modicis Ze
Saxa fugit : dextrâ prærupta Ceraunia parte, phyris, sexto ortu Pallantidos :
Romechiumque legit, Caulonaque, Naryciamque, que fertur præter Lacinia
Evincitque fretum, Siculique angusta Pelori, 85 Scylacêaque littora nobilita
ta templo Deæ. Linquit Ia
Hippotadæque domos regis, Themesesque me pygiam, que fugit Amphissia
talla ; saxa lævis - remis : que legit
prærupta Ceraunia, Rome
Leucasiamque petit , tepidique rosaria Pæsti .
chiumque, Caulonaque, Na
ryciamque dextrâ parte, evincit ue fretum , que angusta Siculi Pelori , que domos Hippo
tadæ regis, que metalla Themeses ; que petit Leucasiam , que rosaria tepidi Pasti .
NOTES.
64. Tum gradibus. ] The situation of the nius a robber, who was slain there by Her
ancient temples is described, which were cules.
built upon eminences, and were ascended 81. Scylaceaque. ] " Virgil Attollit se
by steps. diva Lacinia contra, Caulonisque arces, ac
67. Injectis floribus.] Strewed with flow navifragum Scylaceum.”
ers. 82. Iapygium.] Calabria, so called from
70. Restitit.] Esculapius being turned Iapyx, the son of Dædalus. This former
into a serpent, stood by the port. - Ag ly was called great Greeco.
menque.] The multitude of the Epidauri Amphissia.] Vossius upon Mela, for
ans. Amphissia reads Argennia, taking it for
71. Placido vultu.] This is taken from Argentum, a promontory of Sicily, which
the customs of great men, who usually dis is on the left-hand of those that pass the
miss their companies with a gracious smile. Sicilian sea ; and for Ceraunia he puts Co
72. Ausonïa rate.] In a Roman ship. cyntia of Cocyntus : And lastly, for Rome
74. Cæsoque tauro. ] A religious ceremo chiumque, he reads Lametumque.
ny performed for a prosperous voyage. 84. Caulonaque. ] Cities of Calabria.
75. Torta retinacula.] The ropes with 85. Evincitque. ] He passes with difficul
which ships are rigged. ty through the Sicilian sea, it being very full
78. Modicis Zephyris. ] With gentle gales, of whirlpools.- Pelori ] A promontory of
By way of Synecdoche. Sicily.
Sexto.] The sixth Aurora, by which is 86. Hippotadæ.] The Eolian islands, in
signified, that he came from Epidaurus to which olus, the son of Jupiter by Acesta
Italy on the sixth day. the daughter of Trojan Hippota, reigned.
80. Præterque fertur.] He passes by. Themesesque.] Themesis, a city of the
Lacinia.] The temple of Juno is in the Brutii, famous for metals.
Lacinian promontory, so called from Laci 87. Leucasiamque.] Pliny makes mention
568 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XV.

Indè legit Capreas, promon- Indè legit Capreas, promontoriumque Minervæ,

toriumque Minerva, et col- Et Surrentino generosos palmite colles, [natam
les generosos Surrentino pal
mite; Herculeamque urbem, Herculeamque urbem ; Stabiasque, et in otia
Stabiasque ; et Parthenopen Parthenopen, et ab hâc Cumææ templa Sibyllæ.
natam in otia, et ab hâc tem- Hinc calidi fontes, lentisciferumque tenentur 92
pla Cuma Sibyllæ. Hinc Linternum ; a multamque trahens sub gurgite
calidi fontes lentisciferumque
Linternum tenentur ; que Vul arenam [bris:
turnus trahens multam are- Vulturnus ; niveisque frequens Sinuessa colu
nam sub gurgite ; que Sinues- Minturnæque graves; et quam tumulavit alum
sa frequens niveis colubris :
que graves Minturnæ ; et do nus, [lude ;
mus Antiphatæ quam alum- Antiphatæque domus ; Trachasque obsessa pa
nus tumulavit ; Trachasque Et tellus Circæa ; et spissi littoris Antium. 97
obsessa palude ; et Circæa tel- Huc ubi veliferam nautæ advertêre carinam,
Jus ; et Antium spissi littoris.
Hùc ubi nautæ advertêre ve- ( Asper enim jam pontus erat ) Deus explicat orbes:
liferam carinam (enim pon- Perque sinus crebros et magna volumina labens,
tus erat jam asper ) Deus ex- Templa parentis init, flavum tangentia littus :
plicat orbes : que labens per quore pacato patrias Epidaurius aras 102
sinus et magna volu .
mina, init templa parentis, Linquit : et hospitio juncti sibi Numinis usus
tangentis flavum littus : Epi- Littoream tractu squamæ crepitantis arenam
daurius linquit
æquore pacat patrias
o : et usus aras,
hos Sulcat ; et, innixus moderamine navis, in altâ
pitio Numinis juncti sibi sul- Puppe caput posuit ; donec/castrumque sacrasque
cat littoream arenam tractu Lavinî sedes, Tiberinaque ad ostia venit. 107
crepitantis squamæ ; et innix
us moderamine navis, posuit caput in altâ puppe : donec venit castrumque, sacrasque sedes,
Lavinî, que ad Tiberina ostia.
a Liternum . b columbis.

NOTES.

of this Leucasia, Lib. III. Cap. 6. Contra
Pastanum sinum Leucasia est, so that we
perceive why Ovid joins it with Pæstus.
The Greeks call it Astacia but the vul
gar reading is not to be admitted, for the
second syllable of Leucasia is long ; in
Greek AsuxUTIA. Heinsius.
Tepidique.] This is a city of Lucania,
abounding in roses.
88. Legit.] He passes by.
Capreas . ] An island of the Tyrrhenian
sea, over against the promontory of Minerva
famous for Tiberius's retiring thither.
89. Surrentino ] Surrentum is a city of
Campania , famous for wine, of which Mar
tial makes frequent mention.
90. Herculeam ] Belonging to Hercules,
a city of Campania .
Stabiasque. ] A town of Campania .
91. Parthenopen in otia natam.] Naples
affording retirement for study.
Cumææ.] Cuma a town of Campania,
very famous for the predictions of the Sibyl .
* 92. Calidi fontes.] The Baja in Campania
having hot springs, &c.
Lentisciferum.] Producing the Lentisk
tree.
93. Linternum.] A river and town of
Campania.
4. Sinuessa.] A river of Campania
Colubris. ] Concerning the snakes of Si
nuessa the ancients make no mention. Per
haps it should be Columbis. Nivea Colum
bæ, frequently occur. Also the Campanian
doves are commended by Pliny. Heinsius.
95. Minturnæque .] A town of Latium,
surrounded with marshes.- Graves.] Un
healthy, of thick and unwholesome air.
Quam.] Cajeta, a port and city of Cam
pania, so called from Cajeta, the nurse of
Eneas.-Tumulavit.] Buried.
Alumnus. ] Æneas nursed by Cajeta.
96. Antiphatæque. ] See Lib. XIV.
Trachasque ] Terracina, a city of the
Volsci in Campania, not far from Cajeta.
This city has three names, Anxur, Trachas,
and Tarrauna.
97. Circæa. ] Circæum, according to Stra
bo, a town of Campania, called the house
of Circe.- Spissi.] Rocky, hard.
Antium.] An ancient town of Latium.
The sea was now raised into a tempest,
therefore here they anchored.
101. Parentis.] Of Apollo, which he
calls a deity joined with himself, i, e. to f
Esculapius.
107. Lavini. ] Lavinium, a city of Latium.
Tiberinaque.] At the mouth or entrance
of the Tiber.
 FAB. X. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 569

Hùc omnes populi passim, matrumque pa- Omnes populi passim, que tur
trumque ba matrumque patrumque ruit
obvia hùc ; que Troïca Vesta,
Obvia turba ruit : quæque ignes, Troïca , servant , quæ servant tuos ignes : que
Vesta, tuos : lætoque Deum clamore salutant. salutant Deum læto clamore,
Quaque per adversas navis cita ducitur undas, Quàque cita navis ducitur per
adversas undas, thura sonant
Thura super ripas, aris ex ordine factis, 112
super ripas, aris factis ex or
Parte ab utrâque sonant ; et odorant aëra fumis : dine, ab utraque parte : et
Ictaque conjectos incalfacit hostia cultros. odorant aërafumis : que hostia
Jamque caput rerum Romanam intraverat urbem ; icta incalfacitconjectos cultros.
Jamque intraverat Romanam
Erigitur serpens ; summoque acclinia malo urbem caput rerum ; serpens
Colla movet ; sedesque sibi circumspicit aptas. erigitur : que movet colla
Scinditur in geminas partes circumfluus amnis : acclinia summo malo : que
Insula nomen habet : laterumque à parte duorum circumspicit sedes aptas sibi.
Porrigit æquales mediâ tellure lacertos. 120 Circumfluus amnis scinditur in
geminas partes : insula habet
Hùc se de Latiâ pinu Phœbeïus anguis nomen que à parte duorum
Contulit : et finem, specie cœlesti resumptâ, laterum porrigit æquales lacer
tos mediâ tellure. Phæbeïus
Luctibus imposuit ; venitque salutifer Urbi.
anguis contulit se hùc de
Latia pinu, et cœlesti specie resumptâ, imposuit finem luctibus ; venitque salutifer Urbi.

NOTES.

109. Quæque.] The vestal Virgins ; also 118. Amnis.] Tiber in which was this
an apostrophe to Vesta.-A g -Troica.] Trojan, field, called an island.
which Æneas brought from Troy to Italy. 121. Latiâ Pinu.] From the Roman ship.
113. Sonant.] Crackle, make a noise. Phoebeïus.] Esculapius the son of Apollo.
Odorant.] They perfumethe air with odours. 123. Luctibus imposuit finem. ] Put a
114. Incalfacit. ] The blood of the victims period to their woes.
warms the knives that slew them.

EXP. FAB. IX. The introduction of the worship of Esculapius into

Rome, which Ovid mentions in this Fable, he has taken from history.

FAB. X. JULIUS CESAR IN COMETEN.

Julius Cæsar is assassinated in the Senate ; and by the intercession of Ve

nus, from whom he was descended, is changed into a star. The poet
concludes with a compliment to Augustus, and a promise of immortality
to himself.

Tamen hic accessit advena

HIC tamen accessit delubris advena nostris ;
Cæsar in Urbe suâ Deus est. Quem Marte nostris delubris ; Cæsar est
Deus in suâ Urbe. Quem
togâque præcipuum Martetogâque non
Præcipuum, non bella magis finita triumphis, bella, finita triumphis, resque
Resque domi gest , properataque gloria rerum gestæ domi, properataque
In sidus vertêre novum, stellamque comantem ; 5 gloria rerum, vertêre innovum
sidus que comantem stellam ;

NOTES.

1. Advena.] Esculapius was an Adscitus, metonymy ofthe adjunct.

a foreign god ; Cæsar one of the Indigetes, 4. Properataque. Acquired with dispatch ,
born amongst them. quickly.
2. Marte togaque.] In peace and war, a 5. Stellamque comantem. ] A comet,
4D
570 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XV.

magis quâm sua progenies, Quam sus progenies. Neque enim de Cæsaris
Neque enim ullum opus majus actis
de actis Cæsaris, quàm quòd [hujus.
extitit pater hujus. Scilicet Ullum majus opus, quàm quòd pater extitit
plus est domuisse æquoreos Scilicet æquoreos a plus est domuisse Britannos ;
Britannos ; que egisse victrices Perque papyriferi septemflua flumina Nili
naves per septemflua flumina
papyriferi Nili : que adjecisse Victrices egisse rates : Numidasque rebelles,
rebelles Numidas, Cinyphium- Cinyphiumque Jubam, Mithridateisque tumen
que Jubam, que pontum tem 11
tumentein Mithridateis nomi- Nominibus pontum, populo adjecisse Quirini ;
nibus, populo Quirini et
meruisse multos triumphos, Et multos meruisse, aliquos egisse triumphos ;
egisse aliquôs triumphos : quam Quàm tantum genuisse yirum, quo præside re
genuisse tantum virum, quo Humano generi, Superi, cavistis abundè. [ rum
præside, Superi, cavisti abunde
humano generi . Igitur ne hic Ne foret hic igitur mortali semine cretus ; 16
foret cretus mortali semine ; Ille Deus faciendus erat. Quod ut aurea vidit
ille erat faciendus Deus. Quod Æneæ genitrix : vidit quoque triste parari
ut aurea genitrix Æneæ vidit ; Pontifici lethum ; et conjurata arma moveri ;
vidit quoque triste lethum
parari pontifici ; et conjurata Palluit : et cunctis, ut cuique erat obvia, Divis,
arma moveri ; palluit ; et Aspice, dicebat, quantâ mihi mole parentur 21
dicebat cunctis Divis ut erat Insidiæ : quantâque caput cum fraude petatur,
obvia cuique, Aspice quantâ Quod de Dardanio solum mihi restat, Iùlo.
mole parentur mihi :
que cum quanta fraude caput
petatur, quod solum restat
mihi de Dardanio Iûlo.
NOTES.

6. Sua progenies .] Octavius Augustus the 17. Ille.] Julius Cæsar.

adopted son and heir of Julius Cæsar.
Neque. The Poet prefers the adoption of
Augustus, before all Cæsar's great acts.
8. Equoreos Britannos.] Encompassed
with the sea, whom Cæsar subdued, together
with the Gauls, and brought them under the
Roman government.
9. Papyriferi. ] Bearing the paper-reed, of
which paper was formerly made.
10. Victrices .] Having overcome King
Ptolemy. -Numidasque.] A very fierce
people of Africa.
11. Cinyphiumque Jubam. ] A King of
Mauritania, overcome by Cæsar.
Mithridateisque nominibus. ] With the
glory of Mithridates, who waged war with
the Romaus for forty years together.
13. Et multos.] The Poet asserts that Cæ
sar deserved more triumphs than he attained.
Quinque vero triumphos egit Cæsar, the
Gallic, the Alexandrian, the Pontian, the
African, and the Spanish, every one with a
different apparatus, says Suet. in Jul. Cæsar,
Chap. 36.
14. Quàm genuisse.] Than to have left
such a son as Augustus Cæsar, whom indeed
Julius Cæsar did not beget, but adopted.
16. Hic.] Augustus.- Cretus.] Born, q. d.
Julius Cæsar must be taken into the number
of the gods, that Augustus may not seem to
be born of human race.
Aurea genitrix Æneæ.] Beautiful Venus.
19. Pontifici.] For Cæsar, who was Pon
tifex (High Priest. ) For (as Suet, relates, in
Cæs. c. 76.) when Cæsar abused his power,
and oppressed the kingdom, more than sixty
persons conspired againsthim, with C. Cassius,
Marcus, and D. Brutus, at their head.
Pontifex is said to be derived of Posse and
facio, or (as Varro affirms) à ponte faciendo,
i. e. of making a bridge. For the pons Sub
licius was first made by the Pontifices, and
afterwards often repaired by them ; they also
had the care of other bridges. But some
critics, fond of antiquity, have found an ori
ginal for this word in Prudentius. There
were Pontifices Majores and Minores, among
which there was one who was chief and cal
led Pontifex Maxímus, instituted by Kuma
Pompilius, because he was judge of the most
important matters, that pertained to their
religion and worship.
21. Quantâ mole insidia.] What a weight
of treachery.
22. Caput.] The life of Julius Cæsar.
23. Dardanio Iûlo. The son of Eneas,
from whence the Julian family had their
original Virg. Æneid .
Julius à magno demissum nomen Iûlo.
And Julius Cæsar was the onlyperson left of
the Julian Race.
FAB X. METAMORPHOSEΩN. 571

Solane semper ero a injustis exercita curis ? 24 Solane ero semper exercita in
Quam modò Tydidæ Calydonia vulneret hasta ; justis curis? Quam Calydonia
hasta Tydidæ modò vulneret ;
Nunc malè defensæ confundant moenia Troja. nunc moenia malè defensa Tro
Quæ videam natum longis erroribus actum , jæ confundant. Quæ videam
Jactarique freto, sedesque intrare silentum ; natum, actum longis erroribus,
Bellaque cum Turno gerere ; aut, si vera fate jactariq ue freto, que intrare se
des silentum ; que gerere bella
mur, 29 cum Turno; aut si fatemur ve
Cum Junone magis. Quid nunc antiqua recordor ra, magis cum Junone. Quid
Damna mei generis ? Timor hic meminisse nunc recordor antiqua damna
mei generis? Timor hic non si
priorum nitmeminisse priorum. Cerni
Non sinit. In me acui sceleratos cernitis enses ; tis sceleratos enses acui in me :
Quos prohibete, precor ; facinusque repellite ; quos, precor, prohibete : que
neve 33 repellite facinus : neve extin
guite flammas Vestæ cæde sa
Cæde sacerdotis flammas extinguite Vestæ . cerdotis. Venus anxia jacit
Talia nequicquam toto Venus anxia cœlo talia verba nequicquam toto
Verba jacit : Superosque movet. Qui rumpere cœlo : que movet Superos. Qui
quanquam 36 quanquam non possunt rum
pere ferrea decreta veterum
Ferrea non possunt veterum decreta sororum, sororum, tamen dant haud in
Signa tamen luctûs dant haud incerta futuri. certa signa futuri luctus. Fe
Arma ferunt inter nigras crepitantia nubes, runt crepitantia arma inter
nigras nubes, terribilesque tu
Terribilesque tubas, auditaque cornua coelo 40 bas, que cornua audita cœlo
Præmonuisse nefas. Phœbi quoque tristis imago præmonuisse nefas. Quoque
Lurida solicitis præbebat lumina terris. imago Phœbi tristis præbebat
lurida lumina solicitis terris.
Sæpè faces visa inediis ardere sub astris : Sæpè faces visæ ardere sub
Sæpè inter nimbos guttæ cecidêre cruentæ. mediis astris : sæpe cruenta
Cærulus et vultum ferrugine Lucifer atrâ 45 gutta cecidêre inter nimbos .
Et cærulus Lucifer, erat spar
sus atrâ ferrugine :
a multis vel duris.

NOTES.

24. Exercita.] Harassed, vexed. Veterum sororum.] Of the Destinies,

25. Tydidæ. ] Of Diomedes, king of Calydo
nia, who wounded Venus with an arrow, as she
was succouring Æneas, in the Trojan war.
26. Nunc. ] sc. Quam.
Confundant.] Disquiet.
27. Natum.] Æneas.
28. Silentum. Of the Ghosts. For Æneas,
conducted by the Sibyl, descended to the
shades below,
32. In me. ] Against Julius Cæsar, who is
born of my blood, of my offspring.
54. Flammas extinguite.] Destroy all reli
gion and piety.
55. Nequicquam. ] Not to any purpose, as
she could not preventJulius Cæsar from being
killed by the conspirators.
36. Superosque movet. ] And she moves the
gods to pity. Qui.] Who although they
were not able to alter the decrees of fate ; yet
showed many signs, how much incensed they
were at the murder of Cæsar.
57. Ferrea.] The cruel and unalterable
laws.
38. Signa.] The Poet says, that the mur
der of Cæsar was predicted by very evident
prodigies which he enumerates.
Futuri luctus.] Of sorrow to come upon the
whole earth, on account of the murder of
Julius Cæsar.
39. Ferunt. ] They say. The Poet enume
rates the prodigies, that appeared before the
death of Cæsar. See a relation of them in
Plutarch, Suetonius, and others.
Crepitantia.] Clashing.
41. Præmonuisse.] Gave warning.
Nefas.] The wicked and impious murder
of Cæsar.
42. Lurida.] Pale.-Solicitis terris.] To
mankind, who were under great anxiety lest
some great calamity should befal them.
43. Faces. ] Before the murder of Cæsar,
burning torches were seen in the Heavens.
44. Cruentæ guttæ.] It often rained blood.
45. Cærulus. Obscure, whereas he other
wise used to appear bright.
Atrâ ferrugine.] With a dusky hue,
572 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XV .

Lunarescurrus sparsi sanguine. Sparsus erat : sparsi Lunares sanguine currus.

Stygius bubo dedit tristia omi- Tristia mille locis Stygius dedit omina bubo ;
na mille locis : ebur lacrymavit
mille locis : cantusque feruntur Mille locis lacrymavit ebur : a cantusque feruntur
auditi, et minacia verba sanc- Auditi, sanctis et verba minacia lucis. 49
tis lucis. Nulla victima litat : Victima nulla litat : magnosque instare tumultus
que fibra monet magnos tu- Fibra monet ; cæsumque caput reperitur in extis.
multus instare, cæsumque ca
put reperitur in extis. Que Inque foro, circùmque domos, et templa Deorum
ferunt nocturnos canes ululasse Nocturnos ululâsse canes ; umbrasque silentum
in foro circùmque domos, et Erravisse ferunt ; motamque tremoribus urbem.
templa Deorum : que umbras Non tamen insidias venturaque vincere fata 55
silentum erravisse : que urbem Præmonitus potuêre Deûm : strictique feruntur
motam tremoribus, Tamen
præmonitus Deûm non potuêre In templum gladii. Neque enim locus ullus in
vincere insidias venturaque fa Urbe
ta : que gladii feruntur stricti Ad facinus, diramque placet, nisi Curia, cædem.
in templum. Neque enim ullus Tùm verò Cytherea manu percussit utrâque
locus in Urbe, nisi curia, placet
ad facinus diramque cædem. Pectus : et æthereâ molitur condere nube ; 60
Tùm verò Cytherea percussit Quâ priùs infesto Paris est ereptus Atridæ ;
pectus utrâque manu : et mo- Et Diomedeos Æneas fugerat enses.
litur condere Ethereâ nube ; Talibus hanc genitor : Sola insuperabile fatum
quâ priùs Paris est ereptus
infesto Atrida ; et Eneas fu- Nata movere 6 paras ? Intres licet ipsa sororum
gerat Diomedeos enses. Ge- Tecta trium ; cernes illic molimine vásto 65
nitor hanc talibus : Nata sola Ex ære, et solido rerum tabularia ferro :
paras movere insuperabile fa
tum ? Licet ipsa intres tecta Quæ neque concursum cœli, neque fulminis iram ,
trium sororum : illic cernes
tabularia rerum ex ære et solido
ferro, vasto molimine : quæ
tuta atque æterna neque metuunt concursum cœli, neque iram fulminis,
a planctusque. b putas ?

NOTES.
46. Sparsus ] Overspread.
Lunares. ] The moon itself seemed to be
spotted with blood. ·
47. Mille.] In many places, a finite num
ber for an infinite.
Stygius bubo.] The infernal owl. This bird
used to be accounted a very bad omen.
48. Ebur.] The ivory statues of the gods.
50. Victima nulla litat .] No sacrifice can
appease the anger of the gods. And Suetonius
testifies, that so it happened the very day
Cæsar was slain. " Nam pluribus hostiis cæsis,
cum litare non posset, introiit curiam, spreta
religione. Magnosque tumultus.] Dreadful
commotions.
50. Instare.] To be nigh at hand.
51. Fibra.] The entrails.- Cæsum caput.]
A wounded head, which was a bad omen."
53. Nocturnos, &c. ] The dogs used to
howl by night just like wolves : but what
Virgil says is more surprising, pecudesque lo
cutæ. Umbrasque silentum.] The souls of
the dead.
54. Motamque, &c.] The city of Rome to
have felt an earthquake.
56. Præmonitusque.] The predictions, pro
digies, and portents of the gods, could not
prevent what was determined by fate. There
fore fate may rather be foreseen, than avoided.
57. In templum.] In Pompey's court where
the Senate was held.
60. Molitur condere.] Endeavours to hide.
61. Quâ prius.] Paris, engaging with Me
nelaus escaped safe, being protected by Venus,
who covered him with a cloud..
62. Diomedes.] Eneas, engaging with
Diomedes, had been slain, unless defended
by Venus.
63. Talibus.] sc. Alloquitur.
Genitor.] Jupiter.
64. Movere . ] To alter.
Intres.] You may go yourself into the
dwellings of the Fates.
65. Trium .] Of the three Destinies, who
are said to have the care ofthe life and death
of all persons, and are called Lachesis, Atro
pos, and Clotho.
Vasto molimine.] Of a vast bulk.
66. Tabularia, &c. ] Tables of brass, on
which the unchangeable decrees of the fates
are engraven. The Parca are the secretaries
of the gods, who have the decrees of Jupiter
and heaven engraved on tables, which can
not be altered.
67. Concursum coeli.] Thunder which
shakes heaven.
 FAB. X. METAMORPHOSEON . 573

nec ullas ruinas. Illic invenies

Nec metuunt ullas tuta atque æterna ruinas.
Invenies illic a incisa adamante perenni fata tui generis incisa peren
69 ni adamante . Ipse legi ; que
Fata tui generis. Legi ipse ; animoque notavi : notavi animo : et referam ; ne
Et referam ; nè sis etiamnùm ignara futuri. sis etiamnùm ignara futuri.
Hic sua complevit (pro quo, Cytherea, laboras) Hic (pro quo, Cytherea, labo
ras) complevit sua tempora,
Tempora, perfectis, quos terræ debuit, annis. annis perfectis quos debuit
Ut Deus accedat cœlo, templisque colatur, 74 terræ. Ut accedat Deus cœlo,
Tu facies ; natusque suus, qui nominis hæres, que colatur templis, tu facies ;
Impositum feret & Urbis onus ; cæsique parentis que suus natus, qui hæres no
minis, feret onus Urbis impo
Nos in bella suos fortissimus ultor habebit. sitam ; que fortissimus ultor
Illius auspiciis obsessæ monia pacem 78 cæsi parentis habebit nos suos
Victa petent Mutina : Pharsalia sentiet illum, in bella. Moenia Mutinæ ob
sessæ victa auspiciis illius pe
mathiâque iterum madefacti cæde Philippi : tent pacem : Pharsalia sentiet
Et magnum Siculis nomen superabitur undis : illum, que Philippi iterum
Romanique ducis conjux Ægyptia tædæ madefacti Emathiâ cæde ; et
Non bene fisa cadet ; frustràque erit illa minata magnum nomen superabitur
Siculis undis que Ægyptia
Servitura suo Capitolia nostra Canopo. 84 conjux non bene fisa tædæ
Quid tibi Barbariem, gentes ab utroque jacentes Romani ducis cadet ; que illa
Oceano, numerem ? Quodcunque habitabile tellus erit minata frustrâ nostra Ca
Sustinet, hujus erit. Pontus quoque serviet illi , pitolia servitura suo Canopo
Quid numerem Barbariem ti
bi, gentes jacentes ab utroque Oceano? Quodcunque habitabile tellus sustinet erit hujus.“
Pontus quoque serviet illi. a inclusa. b orbis.

NOTES.

69. Incisa.] Engraven. 80. Æmathiâque.] Macedonian. Philippi

Perenni.] In a perpetual, incorruptible.
70. Fata.] All those things that must in
evitably happen to thy offspring.
71. Et referam.] The poet takes an oppor
tunity to relate the praises of Augustus.
72. Sua tempora. ] His age granted himby
fate. Cæsar was slain in the Senate-house, in
the fifty-sixth year of his age.
75. Natusque.] Octavius Augustus, whom
Cæsar left his sole heir, and adopted him into
his name and family.
76. Urbis onus. ] The administration of the
state.
77. Nos.] Us favouring him in his wars ;
Augustus was engaged in five civil wars, the
Mutinian, the Philippine, the Perusine, the
Sicilian, and the Actian, which he undertook
to revenge the death of his uncle, Suet. in
Aug. cap. 9, 10.
78. Illius. Under his conduct. " Cum D.
Brutus Mutina, a M. Antonio obsideretur,
jussus est à Senatu Octavius comparato exer
citui pro prætore præesse, Hirtio ac Pansâ
consulibus. D. Bruto opem ferre. Suet. in
pal Aug. cap. 10.
79. Petent. ] Shall seek peace and deliver
ance.
Pharsalia.] Pharsalus is a city of Thessaly,
A where the Roman army rendezvoused under
the command of Pompey and Cæsar.
is a city of Macedonia, taking its name from
king Philip. Octavius carried on the Phi
lippine war, in conjunction with M. Antonius
and Lepidus, against Brutus and Cassius. It
is common for the poets, as Virgil, Ovid,
and Lucan, to confound Pharsalus, a city of
Thessaly, where the battle was fought be
tween Cæsar and Pompey, with Philippi of
Macedonia, where Octavius and Antonius,
in revenge for the death of Cæsar, overcame
Brutus and Cassius his murderers. See Virg.
in the end of the first book of Georg. and
Lucan, in the end of Lib. I. "
81. Magnum, &c.] Sextus Pompeius, the
son of Pompeius Magnus, overcome near
Sicily by Octavius Cæsar.
82. Conjux.] Cleopatra, queen of Ægypt
married to M. Antonius.
Tædæ.] That imprudently relied upon her
marriage with M. Antonius ; for she lost
both kingdom and life.
84. Nostra Capitolia.] Rome. Here by
Capitolium is understood Rome itself, and
by Canopus, Egypt. Canopus is a city of
Egypt. A metonymy of the subject.
85. Utroque Oceano.] The eastern and
western. Jupiter foretels to Venus, that
Augustus Cæsar should obtain the dominion
of the whole world.
574 P. OVIDII NASONIS LIB. XV.

Pace datâ terris vertet suum Pace datâ terris, animum ad civilia vertet
animum ad civilia jura, que Jura suum, legesque feret justissimus auctor :
justissimus auctor feret leges :
que reget mores suo exemplo ; Exemploque suo mores reget ; inque futuri 90
que prospiciens in ætatem fu- Temporis ætatem venturorumque nepotum
turi temporis, que nepotum Prospiciens, prolem sanctâ de conjuge natam
venturorum, jubebit prolem
natam de sanctâ conjuge ferre Ferre simul nomenque suum curasque a jubebit.
simul que suum nomen curas- Nec, nisi cùm senior similes æquaverit annos,
que. Nec tanget æthereas thereas sedes cognataque sidera tanget. 95
sedes, cognataque sidera, nisi Hanc animam intereà caso de corpore raptam
cùm senior æquaverit similes
anuos. Interea fac hanc ani- Facjubar, ut semper Capitolia nostra Forumque
mam raptam de caso corpore Divus ab excelsâ prospectet Julius æde.
Jubar, ut Divus Julius semper Vix ea fatus erat ; mediâ cùm sede Senatûs
prospectet nostra Capitolia Fo
rumque ab excelsâ æde. Vix Constitit alma Venus nulli cernenda ; suique
erat fatus ea; cùm alma Ve- Cæsaris eripuit membris, nec in aëra solvi 101
nus constitit media sede Sena- Passa recentem animam, cœlestibus intulit as
tûs, cernenda nulli ; que eri tris.
puit recentem animam mem [sensit:
bris sui Cæsaris, nec passa Dùmque tulit ; lumen capere, atque ignescere
solvi in aëra, intulit cœlestibus Emisitque sinu : Lunâ volat altiùs illa ; 105
astris. Dùmque tulit ; sensit Flammiferumque trahens spatioso limite crinem
caperelumen, atque ignescere : Stella micat ; natique videns benefacta, fatetur
emisitque sinu : illa volat altius
Lunâ ; que stella micat, tra- Esse suis majora ; et vinci gaudet ab illo.
hens flammiferum crinem spa- Hic sua præferri quanquam vetat acta paternis ;
tioso limite ; que videns bene- Libera fama tamen, nullisque obnoxia jussis, 110
facta nati, fatetur esse majora
suis ; et gaudet vinci ab illo. Invitum præfert ; unâque in parte repugnat.
Quanquam hic vetat sua acta Sic magni cedit titulis Agamemnonis Atreus ;
præferri paternis ; tamen fama Egea sic Theseus, sic Pelea vincit Achilles,
libera, que obnoxia nullis jus- Denique ut exemplis ipsos æquantibus utar, 114
sis, præfert invitum ; que re
pugnat in unâ parte. Sic Sic et Saturnus minor est Jove. Jupiter arces
Atreus cedit titulis magni A
gamemnonis ; sic Theseus vin
cit Egea, sic Achilles Pelea. Denique ut utar exemplis æquantibus ipsos, sic et Saturnus
est minor Jove. Jupiter a videbit. b patrios. c radiantibus.

NOTES.

92. Prolem.] Tiberius, born to Octavius by
Livia Drusilla, whom he took to wife big
with child by Drusus.
93. Curasque.] The administration of the
government.
94. Similes.] Some Commentators read
Pylios instead of Similes.
95. Cognataque sidera.] And he shall as
cend to the stars of Romulus and Cæsar.
96. Hanc.] Jupiter exhorts Venus to ele
vate the spirit of Julius Cæsar into a star.
This fable took its rise from a comet's ap
pearing for seven days after the murder of
Cæsar.
97. Jubar.] A star.
98. Ab excelsâ.] From the high heaven.
104. Capere lumen .] To become luminous.
107. Micat.] Shines.
Natique.] Of Augustus.
f 109. Hic, &c.] Although Augustus should
orbid his acts to be preferred to those of Ju
lius Cæsar his father ; yet fame, whether he
will or not, will give him the preference, and
in this the opinion of the people is contraryto
that of Augustus.
111. Unâque. ] In this one instance. In all
other things it submits to the Emperor Au
gustus.
112. Sic magni .] The poet proves by seve
ral examples that Julius Cæsar rejoices that
he is exceeded in great atchievements by his
son Augustus. - Agamemnonis. ] Under
whose command Troy was overthrown.
Atreus.] The father of Agamemnon.
114. Equantibus. ] For these three exam
ples which Ovid brings, were indeed of very
great men; but they don't seem to be appli
cable to Julius and Augustus Cæsar, who were
taken into the number of the gods. And
therefore the poet proceeds to demonstrate
the same thing by the examples of the gods
themselves.
FAB. X. METAMORPHOSEΩN . 575

Temperat ætherias, et mundi regna triformis ; temperat ætherias arces, et

Terra sub Augusto. Pater estet Rector uterque. regna triformis mundi ; terra
sub Augusto. Uterque est Pa
Dî, precor, Æneæ comites, quibus ensis et ignis ter et Rector. Precor, Dí, co
Cesserunt, Dique Indigetes, genitorque, Qui- mites Æneæ, quibus ensis et
rine, 119 ignis cesserunt, que Indigetes
Di, que Quirine genitor Ur
Urbis, et invicti genitor, Gradive, Quirini, bis, que Gradive genitor in
Vestaque Cæsareos inter sacrata Penates ; victi Quirini, Vestaque sacra
Et cum Cæsareâ tu, Phoebe domestice, Vestâ, ta inter Cæsareos Penates ; et
tu, domestice Phoebe, cum
Quique tenes altus Tarpeïas Jupiter arces, Cæsareâ Vestà, que Jupiter qui
Quosque alios vati fas appellare, piumque ; altus tenes Tarpeïas arces,
Tarda sit illa dies, et nostro serior ævo, 125 quosque alios fas piumque vati
Quâ caput Augustum, quem temperat orbe re appellare, sit illa dies tarda, et
serior nostro ævo, quo Augus
licto, tum caput accedat cœlo, orbe
Accedat cœlo : faveatque precantibus absens. quem temperat relicto : que
absens faveat precantibus.

PERORATIO. Jamque exegi opus, quod

nec ira Jovis, nec ignis, nec
ferrum, nec edax vetustas pó
[ignis, terit abolere. Illa dies, quæ
Jamque opus exegi : quod nec Jovis ira, nec habet nil jus nisi hujus corpo
Nec poterit ferrum, nec edax abolere vetustas. ris. cam volet finiat spatium in
Cùm volet illa dies, quæ nil nisi corporis hujus certi ævi mihi : tamen peren
nis meliore parte mei ferar su
Jus habet, incerti spatium mihi finiat ævi : 131 per alta astra : que nostrum
Parte tamen meliore mei super alta perennis nomen erit indelebile. Quâque
Astra ferar : nomenque erit indelebile nostrum. Romana potentia patet terris
Quâque patet domitis Romana potentia terris, domitis,

NOTES.

116. Temperat. ] Governs. 122. Phœbe, &c. ] Augustus, as Suetonius

Mundi. ] Jupiter governs the upper parts
ofthe world, which consist of Heaven, Æther,
and Air ; but Augustus the lower, the Earth
and Sea.
117. Uterque.] Jupiter and Augustus.
118. Dî.] The poet prays to the house
hold Gods, Vesta, Romulus, Mars, Apollo,
Jupiter, and others, that Augustus may re
main long upon the earth, and be taken late
upinto heaven.- Æneæcomites.] O yehouse
hold Gods, by whose assistance Æneas was
delivered from the swords of the enemies, and
the fire of Troy.
119. Indigetes.] Those Gods were called
Indigetes by the Italians, before the coming
of Evander and Æneas ; such as Janus, Fau
nus ; and also they ofthe Roman nations, who
after their death were received into the num
ber of the Gods. But those, the worship of
whom was owing to the Greeks or Ægypti
ans, were called Adsciti.
Genitorque.] Romulus, who art also Qui
rinus, and wast the builder ofthe city of Rome.
120. Gradive.] Mars, of whom invincible
Romulus was born.
121. Vestaque.] And thou, O Vesta, held
sacred among the household gods of Cesar.
writes, built a temple for Apollo, in a part of
the Palatine house, and added a Porch, with
a Greek and Latin Library.
123. Tarpeîas. ] And thou, O Jupiter, who
hast a temple at Rome in the Tarpeïan hall, so
called from the Virgin Tarpeïa. The Tar
peïan Mount is the same as the Capitoline.
126. Quâ, &c.] When Augustus, forsaking
the earth which he governs, shall be transfer
red into the habitations of the gods,
127. Absens! ] Being received into heaven.
128. Jamque. ] It is usual with the Poets
to say something of themselves at the end of
their work. Exegi. ] I have finished, made
an end of my work.
Ira.] The wrath of God.
129. Edax.] Consuming.
Abolere.] To destroy, to reduce to nothing.
152. Meliore parte. ] The fame of my ge
nius.-Perennis.] Immortal.
133. Indelebile.] Incorruptible.
154. Quâque. ] My Work shall be read in
every country throughout the world, inas
much as the whole earth is subject to Cæsar,
and the Latin tongue is used in every nation
under heaven;
576 P. OVIDII NASONIS. LIB. XV.

legar ore populi : etvivam per Ore legar populi : perque omnia sæcula famâ
omnia sæculafamâ (si præsagia ( Si quid habent veri vatum præsagia) vivam.
vatum habent quid veri.)

NOTES.

156. Præsagia vatum. ] The divinations of Poets .

EXP. FAB. X. Ovid, in the conclusion of his metamorphoses, fulfils that

part of his intention of closing it with the transactions of his own days ;
(having in the beginning set out with the creation of the world ) and in a
period not a little remarkable ; as in it happened the death of Julius Cæsar,
and his deification, which was a matter now first introduced by Augustus,
who used his influence to have his predecessor enrolled among the Gods,
in hopes the same compliment would be paid to himself when he should
die ; which our author in an address seems to flatter him with, but not
until a happy length of days should close the period of his life ; such was
the tribute paid by our poet to the rising sun. But this honour was not
so long delayed, as an altar was raised to him , and he numbered amongst the
Gods, when but twenty-eight years of age. The fondness the Romans had
for tracing their descent from Æneas, made them embrace every opportu
nity that had the appearance of giving it credit ; so that Augustus, to en
gage them in his design of deifying Cæsar, persuaded them that Venus in
terested herself in it ; this they could not resist, as it did honour to one ofthe
descendants of Æneas, and so much flattered their ridiculous vanity. The
appearance of a Comet at this time occasioned it to be said that the God
dess had stationed the spirit of Cæsar in the Heavens ; and the sun also
appearing somewhat obscured by a spot in his disk, they took this occasion
to say that Apollo wept for their loss. This custom of ranking mortals a
mongst the Gods became so prostituted, that they elevated to that honour
Tiberius the most cruel of the Emperors, as well as Claudius the most
stupid. Cicero mentions that the memory of Cæsar became so hateful to
the people, that they pulled down the pillar erected to his memory, when I
Dolabella made expiation on the place where it stood, and in his first
Philippic takes notice, that he would ever be against the introduction
of ceremonies, which affected to raise the dead to the state of the immortal
Gods.
1

Memolie, 2482

INDEX
 INDEX

TO THE

FABLES IN OVID'S FIFTEEN BOOKS

1
OF

METAMORPHOSES.

THE FIRST Figures shew the order of tHE FABLES, AND THE LAST
THE PAGES. L

LIBER I. Fab, Page.

Fab. Page. 3. The Sisters ofPhaetoninto Pop
The Argument, 1 lar trees, 71
1. The Chaos, and Creation of 4. Cycnus into a Swan, 73
the World, 2 5. Jupiter in love with Calisto, 75
2. The Creation of Man, 4 6, 7. Calisto into a Bear, Arcas into
3. The Four Ages of the World, 8 Arctophylax, and Corvus into a
4. The Four Seasons ofthe Year, 11 Raven, 78
5. The Battle of the Giants, 14 8. Cornis into a Crow, 82
6. The Gods hold a Council, 15 9. Nyctimene into an Owl, 84
7. Lycaon into a Wolf, 19 10. Ocyroe into a Mare, 86
8. The Deluge , 21 11. Battus into a Touch stone, 89
9. The Waters subside, 25 12. Mercury falls in love with.
10. Deucalion and Pyrrha re-people Herse , 91
the Earth , 28 13. Aglauros into a statue, 93
11. Python the Serpent, 31 14. Jupiter and Europa, 97
12. Daphne into a Laurel, 34 LIB. III.
13. Jupiter's Intrigue with Io, 40 1. Cadmus in search of Europa, 99
14. Io into a Cow, and Jupiter sends 2. Cadmus devoured by a Dragon,
Mercury in the habit of a Shep and men produced from the teeth
herd to kill Argus, 42 of one, 101
15. Syrinx into a Reed, 47 3. Actæon into a Stag, 105
16. Argus killed by Mercury, 49 4. Juno assumes the form of Be
17. The eyes of Argus into a Pea roë, 111
cock's tail, and Io into the God 5. The Birth of Bacchus, 113
dess Isis ; and Phaeton's conten 6. Tiresias turned into a Sooth
tion with Epaphus, 49 sayer, and Echo into a Voice, 115
LIB. II. 7. Narcissus into a Flower, 118
1. Phaeton insulted by Epaphus, 54 8. Pentheus's treatment of Bac
2. Phaeton struck with thunder, 70 chus, 123
4E 9. The Death of Pentheus, 132
 INDEX.

LIB. IV. LIB. VI.

Fab. Page.
1, 2, 3, 4. Dercetis and Nais turn
ed into Fishes, and Semiramis into
a Dove ; the fate of Pyramus and
Thisbe, 134
5. The Adultery ofMars and Venus
discovered by the Sun, 142
6. Leucothoe's Transformation into
a Rod of Frankincense, and Cly
tie into a Sun-flower, 145
7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12. The Stories of
Daphnis, Scython, Celmus, Smi
lax, and Salmacis ; the Mineides
transformed into Bats, 147
13, 14. Ino and Melicertes into Sea
Gods, and the companions of Ino
into Stones and Birds, 154
15. Cadmus and Hermione into Dra
gons, 161
16, 17. Medusa's Blood changed in
to Serpents, and Atlas into a
Mountain, 163
18, 19. Andromeda delivered by Per
seus ; Twigs turned into Coral, &
Medusa's Hair into Serpents, 166
LIB. V.
1. Perseus gives distinguished marks
of his valour, 175
2. Perseus, by the influence of the
Gorgon's head, turns men into
stones, and Prætus into a statue, 183 2. The Crown of Ariadne into a
3, 4, 5. Polydectes into a Stone ; the
Muses into Birds, and the Fall of
Pyrenus; the trial of Skill between
the Pierides and the Muses, 186 4. The Calydonian Boar, Atalanta,
6. Pluto wounded by Cupid, 191
7. The Rape of Proserpine, and Cy:
ane into a Fountain ; the Boy
Stellus into a Lizard, 193 chinades ; Perimele into an Island, 307
8. 9. Ascalaphus into an Owl : the
Sirens have wings given them , 196
10. Arethusa into a Fountain, 201
11. Lyncus into a Lynx ; the Pieri 11. The hunger ofErisicthon, andthe
des into Magpies, 205
LIB. VI.
1,2. The Contention of Minerva and
Arachne ; the Web of Minerva,
and that of Arachne ; Arachne 2. Nessus attempts to carry offDe
into a Spider, 207
3. Niobe into Marble, 214
•
Fab. Page.
4. The country clowns intofrogs, 221
5, 6. Thetears ofthe Satyrs, Nymphs
and Clowns into a River, 224
7. Tereus's ill treatment of Philome
la, 226
8. Procne, Philomela, Tereus and
Itys, into Birds, 234
9. Zethes and Calais into Birds, 238
LIB. VII.
1. Jason obtains the Golden Fleece
by the assistance of Medea, 241
2, 3, 4. The restoration of Eson's
Youth ; the Nurses of Bacchus
restored to Youth ; Pelias, by the
artifice of Medea, slainbyhis own
Daughters, 249
5. Medea's Revenge on Jason, 258
6, 7, 8. The foam of Cerberus into
Hen-bane : the Achievements of
Theseus, and the Bones ofSciron
into Rocks; Arneinto aJackdaw261
9. Cephalus's Embassy, 264
10. Ants into Myrmidons, 271
11 , 12. Cephalus and Procris ; a wild
Beast and a Dog into Stones, 273
13. The Death of Procris, 279
LIB. VIII.
1. King Nisis into an Osprey, and
Scylla into a Lark, 283
Constellation , 290
3. The Death of Icarus, and Trans
formation of Perdix, 292
Meleagros, and the Sisters ofMele
ager inte Birds, 295
5, 6. The Naides into the Islands E
7, 8, 9, 10. Philemon and Baucisinto
trees, and their house into a Tem
ple; Proteus into variousshapes, 310
transformations of Metra, 316
LIB. IX.
1. The wrestling Match between A
chelous and Hercules, $22
janira, 327
3,4. The Blood ofNessus into Poi
son ; the Death of Hercules, 328
 INDEX.
Fab. Page.
5, 6. Birth of Hercules, and Galan
this into a Weasel. 335
Labours of Hercules explained, 339
7, 8, 9. Dryope into the Lote tree,
and old Iolaus into a Youth ; the
infant Sons of Callirhoe suddenly
advanced to Manhood , 340
10. Byblis into a Fountain, 344
11. Iphis into a Man, 353
LIB. X.
1. The Death of Eurydice, 359
2. The Descent of Orpheus to Hell :
and Olenus and Lethæa into
rocks, ib.
3. Attis into a pine Tree, 363
4. Cyparissus intoa Cypress Tree, 365
5. Jupiter into an Eagle, and Ga
nymede stolen away, 366
6. Hyacinthus into a Flower, 367
7, 8. The inhabitants of Cyprus in
to Oxen ; the Propætides into a
flint stone, 370
9. The Statue of Pygmalion into a
Woman, 371
10. Myrrha into a Tree ; the Birth.
of Adonis, 373
11. Adonis beloved by Venus, 381
12. Relates to him the Dangers of
the chase, 383
13. Hippomenes into a Lion, and
Atalanta into a Lioness, ib.
14, 15. Adonis into an Anemone,
and the Nymph Menthe into the
herb Mint, 389
LIB. XI.
1, 2. Orpheus torn in pieces by the
Bacchanalian Women, and a Ser
pent turned into a Stone ; the
Thracian Women into Trees, 392
3. Midas, and the Golden Sand of
Pactolus, 396
4, 5, 6. Midas's Ears turned into
Asses Ears ; the Vocal Reeds ;
Apollo and Neptune assist Lao
medon in building Troy, 399
7, 8, 9. Thetis into various Shapes ;
Chio deflowered by Apollo and
Mercury ; Dædalion turned into
an Hawk ; a Wolfinto a Stone, 403
10. Juno sends Iris to the God of
Sleep ; Ceyx and Halcyone into
Fab. Page.
King's-Fishers, 411
11. Esacus into a cormorant, 425
LIB. XII.
Particulars of the Siege of Troy,
an historical account of the Com
manders , 427
1 , 2, 3. A Serpent into a Stone, and
a Hind substituted in the room of
Iphigenia ; the Engagement be
tween Cygnus and Achilles, and
Cygnus turned into a Swan, 431
4, 5, 6, 7. Cæneus rendered invulne
rable, and afterward transformed
into a Bird ; the flight of the La.
pitha with the Centaurs ; Peric.
lymenus into an Eagle, and slain
by Hercules ; Apollo enters the
Trojan camp, and occasions the
Death of Achilles, 437
LIB. XIII.
1, 2, 3. Ajax and Ulysses contended
for the Armour of Achilles ; Phi
loctetes with his arrows is brought
into the Grecian Camp, whereby
the fate of Troy is determined ;
and Ulysses becomes possessed of
Hecuba, the Wife of Priam , 457
4, 5, 6. Polyxena sacrificed to the
Manes ofAchilles ; Hecuba trans
formed into a Bitch ; the ashes
of Memnon turned into Birds
called Memnonides, 478
7,8, 9, 10. The Daughters of Anius
into Pigeons ; from the ashes of
the Daughters of Orion spring.
two young men called Coronæ ;
the Judge Ambracus transformed
into a Stone ; and the Sons of
. Molossus into Birds, 486
11. Acis changed into a River, 491
12.Gluacus turned into a Sea God, 498
LIB. XIV.
1. Scylla's Transformation into a
Rock, 501
2. Cercopes into Apes, 505
3. Fate of the Sibyl on rejecting
the Love of Apollo, 506
4. Ulysses's arrival on the Coast of
the Læstrygons, 509
5. Thecompanions of Ulysses trned
into Swine, but afterward re
 INDEX.

Fab. Page. Fab. Page.

stored to their former state, 512 The Fountain Clithorius, ib.
6, 7. Picus into a Wood -pecker, and The River Lyncestius , 551
the Companions of Picus into wild The Waters of Pheneon , ib.
Beasts, 515 The Island Ortygia, ib.
8, 9. The Companions of Diomedes Mount Etna,
into Herons, and Apulus the Shep The Tritonian Lake,
herd into a wild Olive-tree, 520 The Scythian Women,
10, 11 , 12 , The fleet ofÆneas trans Bees bred out of Calves , ib.
formed into Sea- Nymphs ; on the Hornets from corrupted Flesh of
death of Turnus, his city Ardea Horses, 552
being consumed by fire, a Bird Scorpions proceed from Crab-fish, ib.
arisesfromthe flames ; and Æneas Silk-Worms into Butterflies , ib.
received amongst the Gods, 524 Frogs are produced from Mud , ib.
13. Vertumnus transformed into an Bears bring forth an unshaken Lump
old woman, 527 of flesh, which they lick into
14, 15, 16. Anaxarete changed into Form , ib.
a Rock; the deification of Romu Themanner ofthe growth of Bees , ib.
lus and Hersilia into the Goddess Peacocks , the Eagle , and other Birds
Ora, 531 produced from the middle Part of
LIB . XV. the Egg. 553
Fab. 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 , 6 , 7, 8. contain Snakes proceed from Human Mar
ing the following Particulars. row, ib
The miraculous acquittance of Mys The Phoenix , ib.
celos, 538 The Hyæna of a Female becomes a
Pythagoras's Oration against aninial Male, ib.
Food, 540 The Cameleon feeds upon Air, ib.
Euphorbus into Pythagoras, and that The Lynxes urine is turned into
all things are changed with the stone, ib.
times, 544 Coral under the water is soft, but
The changes of the Elements, and being exposed to the Air grows
Water into Earth, and Mountains hard 554
into Vaileys, and è contra, 547 Nations and Empires undergo their
The River Lycia consumed, 549 Vicissitudes , ib.
The River Erasinus, ib. The foundation of Rome from the
The River Caicus, ib. Ruin of Troy, ib.
The River Amenanus , ib. The prosperous Reign of King
The River Anigros, ib. Numa, 556
The River Hypanis, ib. Hippolytus into Virbius, 557
Antissa, Pharos, and Tyrus, ib. Egeria into a Fountain, 559
The Leucades, ib. A Clod of Earth into the Boy Ta
Helice and Buris, ib. ges, ib.
The Heap near Trœzena, ib. Romulus's Spear into a Cornel tree,
The Fountain of Ammon, 550 560
The Fountain of Athamanis, ib. Cipus becoming horned, refuses to
The River of the Cicones, ib. be made King, ib.
The River Crathis, ib. 9. Esculapius into a Serpent, 564
The Fountain Salmacis , ib. 10. The Apotheosis of Julius Ce
The Ethiopian Lake, ib. sar, 569

FINIS.
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