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Assessment

Chapter Test B
Chapter: Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms
PART I In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best
completes each statement or best answers each question.

______ 1. The principal quantum number of an electron is 4. What are the

possible angular momentum quantum numbers?
1 1
a. , 
2 2
b. 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3
c. 0, 1, 2, 3
d. 4

______ 2. What is the total number of electrons needed to fill the fourth main
energy level?
a. 4
b. 8
c. 16
d. 32

______ 3. An orbital that would never exist in the quantum description of an

atom is
a. 3d.
b. 8s.
c. 6d.
d. 3f.

______ 4. Whenever an excited hydrogen atom returns from an excited state to

its ground state, it
a. absorbs a photon of radiation.
b. emits a photon of radiation.
c. emits radiation over a range of frequencies.
d. absorbs specific frequencies of light.

______ 5. The theory that light behaves as a wave is best illustrated by the
a. photoelectric effect.
b. emission of electromagnetic radiation by a hot body.
c. interference of light.
d. Lyman, Balmer, and Paschen series.

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Modern Chemistry 31 Chapter Test
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Chapter Test B, continued

______ 6. When electrons change energy states, the amount of energy given off
or absorbed is equal to
a. hc.
b. hv.
c. n.
d. cv.

______ 7. Max Planck proposed that “hot” objects radiate energy in small,
specific amounts called
a. quanta.
b. waves.
c. hertz.
d. electrons.

______ 8. Which of the following requires that each of the p orbitals at a

particular level have one electron before any of them can have
two electrons?
a. Hund’s rule
b. the Pauli exclusion principle
c. the Aufbau principle
d. the quantum rule

PART II Write the correct term (or terms) in the space provided.

9. A particle that has an outer main energy level fully occupied by eight

electrons has a configuration.

10. The energy of a photon depends on the

of the radiation.

11. If electromagnetic radiation A has a lower frequency than

electromagnetic radiation B, then compared with B, the wavelength

of A is .

12. The frequency of electromagnetic radiation is measured in waves per second.

A frequency of one wave per second is called a .

13. The distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves is called

14. The ejection of electrons from the surface of a metal when light shines on it is

called the .

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Modern Chemistry 32 Chapter Test
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Chapter Test B, continued

15. The energy state of an atom is called

its ground state.

16. The number of waves that pass a point in one second is called

17. When an electron drops from a higher-energy state to a lower-energy state,

a(n) spectrum is produced.

18. The numerical value of the speed of electromagnetic radiation in a vacuum is

19. is the color of the visible spectrum

with the longest wavelength.

20. The states that it is not possible to

know the velocity and the position of a small particle at the same time.
21. Electrons that are not in the highest occupied energy level are called

22. Any form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space

is called .

PART II On the line at the left of each expression in the first column, write the
letter of the expression in the second column that is most closely related.

______23. An electron occupies the lowest a. Hund’s rule

energy orbital that can receive it.

______24. All orbitals of equal energy are b. Pauli exclusion principle

occupied by one electron before
any single orbital is occupied by
a second electron.

______25. No two electrons in the same atom c. Bohr model of the atom
can have the same four quantum
numbers.

______26. The single electron of hydrogen d. Aufbau principle

circles the nucleus only in allowed
orbits, each with a fixed energy.

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Modern Chemistry 33 Chapter Test
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Chapter Test B, continued

PART IV Write the answers to the following questions in the space provided.

27. What two early twentieth-century observations involving the interaction of

light and matter could not be explained soley by the wave theory of light?

28. Use the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom to explain the emission spectrum
of hydrogen.

PART V
Write the electron-configuration notation for the following elements in the space
provided.

29. fluorine, atomic number 9

30. sulfur, atomic number 16

31. calcium, atomic number 20

32. iron, atomic number 26

Write the noble-gas notation for the following elements in the space provided.

33. carbon, atomic number 6

34. neon, atomic number 10

35. barium, atomic number 56

36. potassium, atomic number 19

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Modern Chemistry 34 Chapter Test
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Chapter Test B, continued

Write the orbital notation for the following elements in the space provided.

37. lithium, atomic number 3

38. carbon, atomic number 6

39. neon, atomic number 10

PART VI Write the answers to the questions on the line to the left, and show your
work in the space provided.

_______________________ 40. The wavelength of light in the infrared region is

4.257  107 cm. What is the frequency of this
light?

_______________________ 41. The distance from Earth to the moon is approxi-

mately 3.84  105 km. How long would it take a
radio wave with frequency 7.25  105 Hz to travel
from Earth to the moon?

_______________________ 42. The hydrogen-line emission spectrum includes a

line at a wavelength of 434 nm. What is the energy
of this radiation? (h  6.626  1034 J  s)

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Modern Chemistry 35 Chapter Test
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TEACHER

19. 1; 1; in the nucleus 13. c 14. a

20. 1; 0; in the nucleus 15. d 16. c
21. 0; 1; outside the nucleus (in the elec- 17. c 18. a
tron cloud) 19. d 20. b
22. Answers should include three of the 21. c 22. d
following: 23. c 24. a
All matter is composed of extremely 25. a
small particles called atoms.
All atoms of an element are identical TEST B
in size, mass, and other properties; 1. c 2. d
atoms of different elements differ in 3. d 4. b
size, mass and other properties. 5. c 6. b
Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, 7. a 8. a
or destroyed. 9. noble gas
Atoms of different elements combine 10. frequency or the wavelength
in simple whole-number ratios to form 11. longer
chemical compounds. 12. hertz
In chemical reactions, atoms are com- 13. wavelength
bined, separated, or rearranged. 14. photoelectric effect
23. The molar mass of a substance is the 15. ground state
mass of one mole of the substance. A 16. frequency
mole of any substance contains 17. line-emission
6.022137  1023 particles, or 18. 3.00  108 m/s
Avogadro’s number of particles. The 19. red
atomic mass is the mass of one atom. 20. Heisenberg uncertainty principle
24. The atomic mass of a single isotope of 21. inner-shell electrons
an element is its relative mass com- 22. electromagnetic radiation
pared to the mass of carbon-12. The 23. d
average atomic mass of an element is 24. a
the weighted average of the masses of 25. b
all naturally occurring isotopes of an 26. c
element. 27. the photoelectric effect and the line-
25. 32 emission spectrum of hydrogen
26. 6 28. A line-emission spectrum is produced
27. 14 when an electron drops from a higher-
28. 15.999 amu energy orbit to one with lower energy,
29. 156 g emitting a photon whose energy is
30. 5.296 mol equal to the difference in energy
31. 1.205  1023 atoms between the two orbits.
32. 1.204  1024 atoms 29. 1s22s22p5
30. 1s22s22p63s23p4
31. 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
4 Arrangement of 32. 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2
33. [He] 2s22p2
Electrons in Atoms, 34. [He] 2s22p6
pp. 26–35 35. [Xe] 6s2
36. [Ar] 4s1
TEST A ↑↓ ↑
1. c 2. a 37.  
1s 2s
3. b 4. c
5. b 6. d ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ ↑ ↑
38.     
7. c 8. b 1s 2s 2px 2py 2pz
9. a 10. d ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
39.     
11. a 12. c 1s 2s 2px 2py 2pz
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Modern Chemistry 223 Answer Key
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TEACHER

40. 7.05  1016 Hz ment in Period 3. Atomic radii

41. 1.28 s decrease as you move from left to
42. 4.58  1019 J right across a period.
24. In general, ionization energies of main-
group elements increase from left to
5 The Periodic Law, right across a period and decrease
pp. 36–45 down a group.
25. Electron affinity and electronegativity
TEST A are related. Electron affinity is a meas-
1. b 2. d ure of the ease with which an atom
3. b 4. b gains electrons. Electronegativity is a
5. d 6. a measure of the ability of an atom to
7. b 8. b attract electrons. Therefore, atoms
9. b 10. a with a high negative electron affinity
11. c 12. a are also the most electronegative.
13. c 14. d 26. The physical and chemical properties
15. c 16. b of the elements are periodic functions
17. d 18. a of their atomic numbers.
19. d 20. c 27. The ionic radii of cations are always
21. d 22. a smaller than the atomic radii of the
23. a 24. d neutral atoms from which they are
25. b formed. The ionic radii of anions are
always larger than the atomic radii of
TEST B the neutral atoms from which they are
1. a 2. c formed.
3. d 4. d 28. c
5. a 6. a 29. b
7. c 8. a 30. e
9. lanthanides 31. a
10. 2 32. d
11. fourth 33. Period 5, s block
12. transition elements 34. Period 4, p block
13. 32 35. Period 4, d block
14. valence electrons 36. 3d 54s2
15. electron affinity 37. 3s23p3
16. electronegativity 38. 4f 145d106s2
17. ionization energy 39. 1, helium
18. 3s23p4 40. 2, neon
19. atomic radius 41. 2, argon
20. ion 42. 3, neon
21. Group 1, Period 7, s block
22. All three groups of elements are met-
als. Alkali and alkaline-earth metals 6 Chemical Bonding,
are so reactive that they are not found pp. 46–55
in nature as free elements. Transition
elements are generally less reactive. TEST A
Some are so unreactive that they do 1. c 2. b
not form compounds easily and exist 3. c 4. c
as free elements in nature. 5. a 6. d
23. Sodium has the largest atomic radius. 7. c 8. b
All the elements belong to Period 3, 9. c 10. b
but sodium has the lowest atomic 11. b 12. c
number and is therefore the first ele- 13. a 14. a

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Modern Chemistry 224 Answer Key