PHILIPPINE POLITICS

AND GOVERNANCE

DARLYN KAYE A. MONTILLA

HUMSS 12 – BLOCK 9
Personal Data:
I am Darlyn Kaye A. Montilla, 19 years of
age, Born on September 15, 2001; from the city of
the living God, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan. I’m a
grade 12 senior high student taking HUMSS track
in Palawan National High School.
I want to be a professional teacher
someday, I want to help students to learn, set them
up for success as citizen, and inspired them a drive
to do well and succeed in life.
I love singing and reading books. I’m an
animal lover too. I believe in a philosophy that life
isn’t about finding yourself, life is about creating
yourself.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

QUARTER I – MODULE 1: CONCEPTS, RELATIONSHIP, AND

IMPORTANCE OF POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

Lesson 1: Concepts, Relationship, and Importance of Politics

And Governance

QUARTER I – MODULE 2: POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES

Lesson 1: Understanding Political Ideology

Lesson 2: Types of Political Ideologies

QUARTER I – MODULE 3: NATURE, DIMENSION, TYPE AND

CONSEQUENCE OF POWER

Lesson 1: Nature, Dimension, Type and

Consequence of Power

PHILIPPNE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

darlyn kaye a. montilla
humss 12 – block 9
INTRODUCTION:

The Philippines is a republic with a presidential form of government wherein

power is equally divided among its three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.
The government seeks to act in the best interests of its citizens through this system of
check and balance.
One basic corollary in a presidential system of government is the principle of
separation of powers wherein legislation belongs to Congress, execution to the
Executive, and settlement of legal controversies to the Judiciary.
The Legislative branch is authorized to make laws, alter, and repeal them
through the power vested in the Philippine Congress. This institution is divided into the
Senate and the House of Representatives.
The Legislative Branch enacts legislation, confirms or rejects Presidential appointments,
and has the authority to declare war. This branch includes Congress (the Senate and
House of Representatives) and several agencies that provide support services to
Congress.
The Executive branch is composed of the President and the Vice President who
are elected by direct popular vote and serve a term of six years. The Constitution grants
the President authority to appoint his Cabinet. These departments form a large portion
of the country’s bureaucracy.
The executive branch carries out and enforces laws. It includes the President, Vice
President, the Cabinet, executive departments, independent agencies, boards,
commissions, and committees.
The Judicial branch holds the power to settle controversies involving rights that
are legally demandable and enforceable. This branch determines whether or not there
has been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the
part and instrumentality of the government. It is made up of a Supreme Court and lower
courts.
Each branch of government can change acts of the other branches as follows:
 The President can veto laws passed by Congress.
 Congress confirms or rejects the President's appointments and can remove the
President from office in exceptional circumstances.
 The Justices of the Supreme Court, who can overturn unconstitutional laws, are
appointed by the President.
The Constitution expressly grants the Supreme Court the power of Judicial Review as
the power to declare a treaty, international or executive agreement, law, presidential
decree, proclamation, order, instruction, ordinance or regulation unconstitutional.

PHILIPPNE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

darlyn kaye a. montilla
humss 12 – block 9
 VISION

We dream of Filipinos
who passionately love their country
and whose values and competencies
enable them to realize their full potential
and contribute meaningfully to
building the nation.

As the learner-centered public institution,

the Department of Education
continuously improves itself
to better serve its stakeholders.

MISSION

To protect and promote the right of every Filipino to quality,

equitable, culture-based, and complete basic education where:
-Students learn in a child-friendly, gender-sensitive, safe, and
motivating environment.
-Teachers facilitate learning and constantly nurture every learner.
-Administration and staff, as stewards of the institution, ensure an
enabling and supportive environment for effective learning happen.
-Family, community and stakeholders are actively engaged and
share responsibility for developing life-long learners.

CORE VALUES

Maka-Diyos
Maka-Tao
Makakalikasan
Makabansa

PHILIPPNE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

darlyn kaye a. montilla
humss 12 – block 9
MODULE 1: CONCEPTS, RELATIONSHIP, AND IMPORTANCE OF
POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

 Reflection

Politics is the way that people living in groups make decisions. Politics is
about making agreements between people so that they can live together in groups such
as tribes, cities or countries. In large groups, such as countries, some people may
spend a lot of their time making such agreements. You should care about politics
because you should always know what is going on around you. If there’s something
dangerous is happening around you or someone you know, you want to be aware if
someone is breaking the law. It is very important to know what is happening around us.
Another reason you should care about politics is because you should have a say in
what will happen. Because it is always important to share your opinion. The way you
vote will affect many lives. Politics is very important and very complicated. Some people
might not care about it, but when something bad happens, they will regret not voting.
We study politics because it helps us to know what our rights, it clarifies
what yourself believe, it helps us to understand our nation’s parties and politics
prepares us for adult life.
Governance it is concerned with structure and process for decision
making, accountability, control and behavior at the top of an entity. Governance
influences how an organizations objectives are set and achieved how risk is monitored
and addressed and how performance is optimized. The importance of governance is to
preserve and strengthen state holder confidence, to provide the foundation for a high-
performing organization and to ensure the organization is well placed to respond to a
changing external environment of constant changes. We study governance, to have an
essential for a company or organization to achieve its objective and drive improvement,
as well as maintain legal and ethical standing in the eyes of stake holder, regulators and
the wider community.
Government is known as the “public sector” and its main role is to provide
an enabling environment for the other actor of governance to participate and response
to the mandate of common good. It is responsible for the social welfare, law and order,
defense and financial affairs of the country. The importance of government is to provide
the parameters for everyday behavior for citizens, protect them from outside
interference, and often provide for their well-being and happiness. We study
government to understand the influence government has on your daily life, to
understand and interpret current events in a rapidly changing world, to understand why
the government produces the policies and many more.

PHILIPPNE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

darlyn kaye a. montilla
humss 12 – block 9
MODULE 2: POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES

 Reflection

An ideology is refers to ideas, principles, values or a set of comprehensive

beliefs and attitudes which are logically related that lend legitimacy or illegitimacy to
existing political, economic and social institutions and processes. It offers antique of
existing system and a view of an ideal system. It determines how we make sense of
things. It provides an ordered view of the world, our place in it, and our relationship to
others. It is deeply important to the human experience, and typically something that
people cling to and defend, whether or not they are conscious of doing so.
In social studies, a political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideas,
principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institutions, class or large
group that explains how society should work and offers some political and cultural blue
print for a certain social order.
The different characteristics of political ideologies, ideologies provide an
explanation for problems that confronts modern societies by providing futuristic vision. It
is also action oriented. It is mobilize a large number of people.
There are 12 types of political ideologies; Anarchism, Capitalism,
Communism, Conservatism, Environmentalism, Fascism, Feminism, Liberalism,
Nationalism, Religious Fundamentalism, Socialism, and Totalitarianism.
The function of anarchism is to see authority as being an offence against
the principles of freedom and equality and believe in natural goodness of humans, that
they would naturally fall into a state of cooperation with one another.
The function of capitalism is focused on profit, and free enterprise. The
function of communism is classless society, absence of hierarchy or authority. The
function of conservatism sees the tradition as being one of the foundations of society,
hierarchy and authority. It argues to the preservation of “tradition”, in particular with
regards to values, practices and institutions. The function of environmentalism denotes
a social movement that seeks to influence the political process by lobbying, activism,
and education in order to protect natural resources and ecosystems. The function of
fascism is to embrace of nationalism.
The function of nationalism, power relationship that exists between men
and women/role of women.
The function of liberalism is to emphasize natural rights. The function of
nationalism is to firm belief in the idea that the nation should be the central principle of
political organization. The function of religious fundamentalism is to maintain a
commitment to ideas and values that are seen as basic or fundamental. The function of
socialism is to seen a middle point between capitalism and communism. The main
function of totalitarianism is controls almost everything in its territory.
In the Philippines, we don’t have just one political ideology. The effect of it
brings different set of principles to each life of Filipinos.

PHILIPPNE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

darlyn kaye a. montilla
humss 12 – block 9
MODULE 3: NATURE, DIMENSION, TYPE AND CONSEQUENCE OF
POWER

 Reflection

In social science and politics, power is the capacity of an individual to

influence the actions, beliefs, or conduct or behavior of others. The term authority is
often used for power that is perceived as legitimate by the social structure. The use of
power need not involve force or the threat of force.
There are 4 types of power; latent power, relative power, perceived power
and dynamic power. Latent power is something that people have and may not choose to
use. It is a weapon for tool; it may never be used and just having it may makes its use
unnecessary. Relative power is a person has over another depends largely on thing
such as the expertise of one person to another the hierarchical level of one relative to
the other. Perceived power is based on one person’s belief that another has certain
characters. Dynamic power is a relationships evolve over time as individuals gain or
lose certain dynamic power is a relationships evolve over time as individuals gain or
lose certain types of power relatives to others. Authority is the power help by a political
entity to require action and claim obedience to its rules. There are basis of power that
based on authority; Charismatic authority, traditional authority and legal-rational
authority.
Charismatic authority is power legitimized on the basis of a leader’s
exceptional personal qualities or the demonstration of extraordinary insight and
accomplishment which inspire loyalty and obedience from followers.
Traditional authority is rooted in traditional values and existing social ties
and institutions. In the Philippines many political and social elite are perceived to have
power and authority because they belong to political ties who ruled for generation.
Legal-rational authority is based on the system of laws and regulation and established
bureaucracy that person is able to exercise power because he or she has been
empower by laws.
There are also five types of power; expertise, coercion, rewards, formal
authority and persuasion. Expertise is a power that derives from the power holder’s
specific skills. Coercion is a power springs from the power holder’s ability to punish or
penalize others. Rewards is comes from the power holder’s ability to give something of
value. Formal authority is power comes from the power holders position and duties.
Persuasion it flows from the power holder’s ability to persuade or influence others. The
source of power of commitment is an expert power and referent power. The source of
compliance legitimate power and reward power. The source of power of resistance is
coercive power.

PHILIPPNE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

darlyn kaye a. montilla
humss 12 – block 9
PICTURES BELOW SHOWS MYSELF ANSWERING MODULE IN
PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE:

THOUGHTS ABOUT PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

This days, our social media has been the platform for politics fights. Every post or
articles related to our government will probably have a debate that sometimes it will end in
crossing the line of each side. In different kind of generations, there are always have a conflict in
each other opinion about our government. Good thing, our country have democracy. We have a
freedom of speech that protect our opinion and our own beliefs. Looking at the positive side in
our government and in our politics, there will always be a good politician that have a true and
clean intention in our country. There will always be a good politician that will choose country
over money. Even though there’s always has a news about corrupt politicians/officials in
government, I’m still hoping that there will always have a politician that have a heart and clean
intention to our country. And I’m still hoping that the time will come that we will have a fair justice
system that unbiased whether it’s a poor or not. Positive thoughts about our government is we
still have our freedom of speech. The right to express our own opinion without having a restraint
or censorship.

PHILIPPNE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

darlyn kaye a. montilla
humss 12 – block 9