Chapter One

INTRODUCTION
TO BIOLOGY
Alhussein Aleqabi
 BIOLOGY : IS THE SCIENCE OF LIFE OR THE
STUDY OF LIVING ORGANISMS.

BIOLOGIST: IS THE PERSON WHO DEALS WITH THE LIVING THINGS AND
MAKES EXPERIMENTS ON IT IN THE LABORATORY.

Scientists have to know

about biology for
developing technology
for example birds show
the way for flying, for
this reason people
invented plane.
 Microbiology is the study zoology is the
of microorganisms study of animal’s
Like bacteria and viruses. example: lion

Ecology is is the study of

Botany is the study
the relationship between
living things with each
SOME BRANCHES of plant such as
other and their OF BIOLOGY rose.
environment.

Cytology is the Genetics is the study

of how genetic
study of cells such information is passed
as onion cell. to offspring from
parents.
 Muslim and Arabic scientist
Dar ul Hikmet college in Baghdad contributed to development of
science and scientific books are translated from Greek to Arabic.

El- Jahid El-Razi Ibn-Rushed Ibn- El-Nafis

He studies on languages He suggested that meat He lived in Andalus Discovered the
and biology. He cannot rotten by itself
observed plants and
and discovered the pulmonary circulation
and there are some
animals, classified them small organisms which infection method of and invented some
according to their causes it. After that smallpox anatomical equipment
nutrition type, scientific Louis Pasteur which
ecosystem and
behaviors. He published proved that bacteria Are still used.
a book in name of cause the rotten of
“Animals”. meat.
 Foreign scientists

Wiliam Harvey Greogor Mendel Robert Koch

Made some studies on Scientist and made many He discovered the
physiology and proved experiment on pea bacteria that cause
the pulmonary plants and found how tuberculosis and made
circulation which genetic characteristic the vaccine for the
discovered by Ibn-El- pass from one disease.
Nafis. generation to the next.
 CHAPTER ONE QUESTION
A-Key terms:
Biology: Is the science of life or the study of Macroscopic: living organisms that we can see
living organisms. them with our naked eyes. for example, lion.

Botany: is the study of plant such as rose. Zoology: the study of animals such as bear.
Genetics: is the study of how genetic
information is passed to offspring from Ecology: is the science which studies the
parents. relationship of living things with between each
other and their environment.
Scientists: they have to know about biology
for developing technology for example birds
Cytology: is the study of cells such as onion cell.
show the way for flying, for this reason
people invented plane.
Biologist: is the person who deals with the living
Microscopic: living organisms that we can’t things and makes experiments with living
see with our naked eyes but we see them organisms in the laboratory.
with microscope for example bacteria.
 C. True or False:
B. Review Questions 1-False / 2- False / 3- False / 4-
1- Rose and insects. False.
2- page 3 D. matching:
3- He classified them according to a. Ibn Rushd discovered the
their nutrition type, ecosystem and infection methods of smallpox.
behaviors. b. Cytology study on cell.
4-We magnifying glass and c. Microscope used to study
microscope. to magnify microorganisms.
5- Dar ul Hikmet college in d. Robert Hooke observed
cell first time.
Baghdad contributed to
e. Ecology study on
development of science and
relationships between organisms.
scientific books are translated
E. Multiple Choice:
from Greek to Arabic in there. 1- D / 2- D