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Organic Molecules Review Worksheet Chapter 2 (2.3 & 2

General Biology (Patrick Henry Community College)

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Name: ____________KEY____________________________ Date: __________________________ Period: ________

Organic Molecules Review Worksheet | Chapter 2 (2.3 & 2.5)

Carbon Based Molecules
1. In terms of science, what does the term “organic” mean? Contains carbon, or carbon based.
2. What is it about Carbon’s atomic structure that makes it “the building block of life”?
It has 4 outer electrons (needs 8 to be full) so it can form up to FOUR BONDS.
3. Name the four different types of organic molecules:

Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

4. Define the following and label the following picture:

a. Monomer: Smaller carbon based sub‐unit One
b. Polymer: A chain of linked monomers Many

Monomer

Carbohydrates
5. List the 3 elements that make up carbohydrates:
a. Carbon
b. Hydrogen Polymer

c. Oxygen
6. What is the ratio of these elements to one another? __1__ : ___2___ : __1__
a. If a carbohydrate had 8 carbon atoms, how many hydrogen & oxygen atoms would this carbohydrate contain?
i. Hydrogen: 16 ii. Oxygen: 8

7. Fill in the table for the three major polysaccharides and one monosaccharide used in biology:

Type of Carbohydrate
Where found? Characteristics/Function
Monomer or Polymer?
Sugar or Glucose or Frutose
Plants Source of energy/food
(Monomer)
Starch
Plants/Animals Excess plant sugar that gets converted and stored
(Polymer)
Glycogen Specific starch found in the liver and muscles of
Animals
(Polymer) animals‐ it is a readily available source of energy
Cellulose A plant starch found in the cell walls, which help
Plants
(Polymer) make the plant rigid

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Lipids
8. Name the 3 main types of lipids: Oils, fats, waxes, cholesterol, membrane (you could have any of these).
9. What are the main functions of lipids?
a. Usable energy for cells
b. They make up the cell membrane
c. Used for insulation
10. Fill in the table for lipids:

Monomer Polymers

Fatty acid Fat Lipid Membrane

11. Label as either SATURATED or UNSATURATED:

Unsaturated
a. ________________________________ Saturated
b. _______________________________

Have fatty acids in which all carbon- Have fatty acids with at least one
carbon bonds are single bonds. carbon-carbon double bond.

Saturated
c. ________________________________ Unsaturated
d. _______________________________
12. Fill in the table below:
Saturated Fats Characteristics Unsaturated Fats

Solid State (soild/liquid/gas) at Liquid

room temperature

Animals Commonly found in which type Plants

of organisms

Single Types of bonds connecting Double

carbon atoms

13. What is the structure below? Label all parts of this structure including the polar & nonpolar regions.
Phospholipid
a. ________________________________ Non polar, fatty acid tails

Polar, phosphate head

(usually glycerol in other
lipids)

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Nucleic Acids
14. Fill in the table for nucleic acids:

Monomer Polymers (There are 2 types) Functions

Stores information/instructions on how

DNA
to make proteins.
Nucleotide
Copies DNA’s instructions and takes them
RNA
to the ribosome.

protein
15. Fill in the blank: The arrangement of the nucleotides determines the kind of ___________________ created.

16. Circle an entire nucleotide on the DNA segment.

17. How many nucleotides are shown in the DNA P

P
S
segment pictured? 8
S
A
P
18. Name the three parts of a DNA nucleotide. P
S
G
a. Phosphate (P) S
P
b. Sugar (S) P
S
S T
c. Nitrogen containing (nitrogenous) base P
P
19. Fill in the DNA molecules to the right using letters: S
C
S
P
P (phosphate) G (guanine) P
S (sugar) T (thymine)
A (adenine) C (cytosine)
Proteins
20. Fill in the table for proteins:

Monomer Polymer Function

Many different functions (ex: the protein
Amino acid Protein/polypeptide
hemoglobin transports oxygen)

21. How many different amino acids are used to build proteins in organisms? 20

22. Fill in the blanks: The order / arrangement of amino acids determines the type of protein made. Even one

incorrect amino acid placement can change a protein’s structure and function.
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23. What is the molecule pictured below? 26. What type of bonds form between amino acids?
Amino acid Peptide bonds (a type of covalent bond)
24. Label the molecule’s parts (a – c). 27. What is another term for protein?
25. Circle the group on the structure (pictured below) Polypeptide
that is different for every one of these molecules. 28. Draw, on the molecules pictured below, 2 arrows
R-group
where these bonds would be:

Amino group Carboxyl group

Enzymes
29. Define enzyme: A type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.
30. What is another term for an enzyme? A catalyst (which is something that speeds things up).
31. Why are enzymes important?
a. They reduce the activation energy, allowing homeostasis to be maintained.
b. Give two examples:
i. Enzymes help break down food (metabolism/digestion)
ii. Enzymes help build protein
32. What are 3 characteristics of enzymes?
Characteristics of
Examples/Explanation
Enzymes
Enzymes have a specific “active site” where only certain molecules can bond (that’s why it’s
Specific called a “lock and key”). Their names are specific to what they do,
ex: amylase breaks down amylose.

Reusable Enzymes can be used over and over.

Must stay within a set range of temperature and/or pH, otherwise they start to break apart.
Sensitive

33. What causes enzymes to no longer work? pH, temperature, radiation, chemicals interacting with the

enzymes outside of healthy ranges.

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