Structural Precast Concrete Structures in Seismic Areas USA experience

INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON PRECAST CONCRETE STRUCTURES - Precast Structures in the World Jason Krohn, P.E. Managing Director, Technical Activities Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute Chicago, IL, USA

21 October 2010

PCI - Technical Institute

Characteristics of Technical Institutes
1. Industry Standing 2. Clearly Stated Purpose 3. Broad Professional Involvement 4. Governance and Consensus 5. Research 6. Validation 7. Dissemination 8. Certification of Personnel 9. Certification of Fabrication Process 10.Independent Audits 11.Feedback and Recourse 12.Continuing Commitment

PCIs Continuing Commitment

PCI founded in 1954 PCI certification established in 1967 Over 50 on-going technical committees Full staff of technical, marketing, and administrative support Annual allocated budget

PCI Membership

263 Producer Members 88 Supplier Associate Members 128 Erector Associate Members 2,123 Individual Members
1,120 Professionals 135 Associate Professionals 149 Affiliates 634 Students 85 Life Members

PCIs Publications
PCI Journal Ascent Aspire PCI Design Handbook, 7th Edition

PCI Bridge Design Manual

US Diaphragm Practice
Double Tees (Topped or Untopped)

US Diaphragm Practice
Hollowcore

Observed Diaphragm Challenges

1994 Northridge Earthquake (6.7 Mw)

2010 Mexicali, Mexico (7.2 Mw)

Technical Institute Characteristic

5. Research
Address problems Drive continuous improvement Support/fund practical research Publish internal research results Disseminate external research results

PCI Research & Development

Development of a Seismic Design Methodology for Precast Diaphragms
Diaphragm Seismic Design Methodology (DSDM) Project
Robert Fleischman, Dichuan Zhang, and Ge Wan University of Arizona Clay Naito, Richard Sause, Liling Cao, Rui Ren, and Wesley Peter Lehigh University Jose Restrepo, Matt Schoettler, Andrea Belleri, and Carlos Blandon University of California at San Diego Jorge Rivera The Rose School S.K. Ghosh S.K. Ghosh Associates, Inc.

DSDM Consortium
University of Arizona Robert Fleischman Consortium Leader

University of California San Diego Jose Restrepo, PI Producer Members

Lehigh University Clay Naito, PI Richard Sause, Co-PI Producer Members

Industry Liaison S. K. Ghosh, Co-PI

DSDM Task Group

Industry Advisory Panel

DSDM Research Objectives

Develop an industry endorsed seismic design methodology for precast concrete diaphragms including:
the forces, displacements and deformations for which the diaphragm should be designed the existing diaphragm connection details that can provide this performance the required stiffness of the diaphragm relative to the lateral force resisting system (LFRS). Charles Pankow Foundation (CPF) deliverable is the development, demonstration and codification of a precast concrete diaphragm system for high seismic zones

Half-Scale Shake Table Test

m .5 6

4.9

7.0 m

DSDM Shake Table Test Facts

Shake Table Facts

Low Moderate High High

4+ year long research project 3.5 = Floor aspect ratio 16 significant input ground motions 640 sensors to capture response 14 cameras to help with visualization
Site Knoxville, TN Seattle, WA Berkeley, CA Berkeley, CA Target level DBE DBE DBE MCE Scaled PGA, g 0.30 0.59 0.41 0.61 Scale factor 1.49 1.14 0.72 1.08

Seismicity

Note: DBE = design-basis earthquake; MCE = maximum considered earthquake; g = acceleration due to gravity; PGA = peak ground acceleration

Design Deliverables
Structure Level (University of California San Diego) Diaphragm seismic force Diaphragm flexibility limit
MDOF Dynamic Analysis

Scaled Shake Table Test

Diaphragm Level (University of Arizona) Overstrength among diaphragm reinf. Diaphragm strength and stiffness
FE Pushover Analysis 3D FE Dynamic Analysis
Fpx

Detail Level (Lehigh University) Strength and ductility characteristics of typical diaphragm details Connection classification
Full-Scale Detail Tests Hybrid Testing of Joints

Design Philosophy
Structure Level Diaphragm Level Detail Level

Appropriate Diaphragm Design Force, Fpx

Appropriate Capacity wrt Reinforcement Groups

Appropriate Detailing of Reinforcing Elements

DSDM Project Funding

US $2.5 million research program
National Science Foundation George E. Brown Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation Charles Pankow Foundation Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute Precast, prestressed concrete industry
Concrete Tech Knife River Central Premix Gibbons Erectors Nelson Stud Splice Sleeve

Design Procedures and Codification

2009 NEHRP Provisions, Part 3

Now published

ICC-Evaluation Report
~18 month timeframe

ACI-ASCE 550 standard document

Reference within ACI 318-14 and IBC 2015

PCI Journal articles

PCI Journal Articles

For more information:
Nov-Dec 2005

Winter 2009 Sept-Oct 2005

PCI Website: www.pci.org

Thank you!

For more information contact: Jason Krohn, PE 1-312-786-0300 jkrohn@pci.org www.pci.org