1

All about
U T I N
1)identify the types of solutions;
2)explain how solutions are formed;
3)differentiate concentration of solutions based
on percent by mass and percent by volume;
4)explain how factors affecting solubility could
be used in our everyday life
 THE ORGANIZATION OF MATTER
Matter

Pure Substances Mixtures

Heterogeneous Homogeneous

Elements Compounds

SOLUTION
 MIXTURE
A mixture is a combination
of two or more substances
that are combined
physically but not
chemically.
 WORDSTORM
Supply the missing vowels to
complete each term.
Use each picture on the left
as a hint to answer each item.
1. S___T___R___T___D

SATURATED
2. S__L__T___

SOLUTE
3. S___LV ___N__

SOLVENT
CONCENTRATION

4. C___N C___N T R___T___ ___N

 Solution
Is a kind of mixture in which
two or more substances are
combined that would result in
a single or uniform phase of
matter.
 Homogeneous
mixtures having two
or more components
uniformly
distributed.
How is a salt water, a mixture, formed? The answer
lies in a process called dissolution.
 What is…
v e N T
& u T e ?
o
Example:
In mixture of salt
and water (Salt
Solution).
Which of them is a
solute?
Solvent?
 Solute
is the substance
being dissolved.
 Solvent
is the substance
that dissolves a
solute.
 Identify the solute
and the solvent in
each of the following
solutions:
Concentrate
d juice
dissolved in a
glass of
water
 15 mL
ethylene
glycol
poured in
35 mL
water
Soda water is
prepared by
mixing 500
mL CO2 in 1.5
L water.
The solution
of carbon
dioxide in
water
Types Of Solution
 1. GASEOUS MIXTURES
- are usually homogeneous
and all gaseous mixtures
are gas-gas solutions. The
air is a natural gas-gas
solution.
Air is made up primarily
of Nitrogen (78%) and
Oxygen (21%) with trace
amounts of
Argon, Carbon dioxide
and Water vapor.
2. Liquid mixtures
are the most
easily recognized
mixtures.
•When molecules of gas,
solid or liquid are
dispersed and mixed
with those of liquid, the
homogeneous states are
called liquid solutions.
Liquid Syrup Water Homogeneous
(solute) (solvent) Mixture
 Miscible solution
is formed when two
soluble liquids
dissolve each other.
 Examples:

1.Alcohol and water

2.Vinegar and water
 immiscible solution
Is formed when two
liquids are insoluble to
each other.
 Examples:
1.Oil and water
2.Gasoline and
water
 Phase of Phase of Phase of
Example
Solute Solvent Solution Formed

Solid Solid Bronze medal

Solid
Liquid Liquid Sugar solution

Liquid Liquid Vinegar; Alcohol

Liquid
Solid Solid Silver Amalgam

Gas Liquid Morning dew

Gas Gas Air

Gas
Liquid Liquid Soft drink

Solid Solid Silver coin

1. Pentane and Acetic
Acid
2. Vinegar and water
3. Molten Silver and
Lead
 3. Solid Solutions
Are much less
common. Many
alloys, ceramics, and
polymer blends are
solid solutions.
•Copper and
zinc dissolve in
each other and
harden to give
solid solutions
called brass.
•Silver, gold,
and copper
form many
different
alloys with
unique colors
and
appearances.
 Other examples
•Naphthalene balls
- Solid in gas
 Other examples
•Dry air (O2 in N2 )
- gas in gas
 Philippine coins and bills are produced at the
security plant complex of the Bangko Sentral ng
Pilipinas (BSP). This is also where the gold and
silver reserves of our country are protected and
refined.
 Solubility
is the amount of a
substance (solute)
that will dissolve in a
solvent.
 Soluble
A solute that is
completely dissolved
in a solvent.
 Insoluble
A solute that cannot
be dissolved in a
solvent.
 MISCIBLE SOLUTION
A miscible solution is formed
when two soluble liquids dissolve
each other. Alcohol and water
are miscible to each other, same
with oil and gasoline.
IMMISCIBLE SOLUTION
An immiscible solution is formed
when two liquids are insoluble
to each other. Examples are oil
and water, and gasoline and
water.
Ways of Expressing the
Concentration of
Solutions
 Concentration of Solutions
•Percent by Mass
•Percent by
Volume
•Parts per Million
•Parts per Billion Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Percentage by Mass and Percentage by
Volume

The percentage by mass and

percentage by volume indicate
the proportion of the solute
and the solvent in the
solution.
 OBJECTIVES:
A. Compare and contrast saturated,
unsaturated and supersaturated solutions,
also between dilute and concentrated
solutions;
B. Solve problems on concentration of
solutions using % by mass, % by volume,
parts per million and parts per billion
and;
50
 DILUTE
•Dilute is a solution
that contains a small
proportion of solute
relative to solvent.
51
Add one tablespoon of sugar in glass A, put two tablespoons in glass B,
and out four tablespoons in glass C.

A B C
 CONCENTRATED
SOLUTION
-a solution that contains a large
proportion of solute relative to
solvent.
-contains a large amount of
dissolved solute 53
 Saturated Solutions
- contain the
maximum amount
of solute that can
dissolve.
-have undissolved
solute at the bottom
of the container. Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
 Unsaturated Solutions

§contain less than

the maximum
amount of solute.
Dissolved

§can dissolve solute

more solute. Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

55
 Supersaturated Solutions
•-An unstable solution that
contains an amount of solute
greater than the solute
solubility.
•-also has undissolved solute
at the bottom of the
container.
•Any excess solute will remain
undissolved in a Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.

supersaturated solution.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
 Here are some of the
materials which we could
classify as saturated,
unsaturated and
supersaturated solution.
• Hot cake syrup and honey are saturated solutions of sugar.
Soak solution used in making “itlog na pula” is an example
of saturated salt solution.

• Nestea Juice, Zesto, Tang and other tetra packed

beverages are examples of unsaturated solutions.

• Pineapple jam used as sandwich spread is an

example of supersaturated solution that it melts
when heated but crystallized when refrigerated.
 Concentration of Solutions
•Percent by Mass
•Percent by
Volume
•Parts per Million
•Parts per Billion Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
To calculate for the percent by mass or volume of a given solution,
follow these steps:
Identify the mass or volume of the solute
given in the problem.

Determine the mass or volume of the solution, if not given in the

problem by adding the mass of the solute and the mass of the solvent.

Divide the mass or volume of the solute by the

mass or volume of the solution.

Multiply the result by 100%

 PERCENT BY MASS
•Percent by mass is the
expression of the mass
in grams of solute per
100 grams of the
solution.
61
 FORMULA:
% mass = mass of solute x 100
mass of solution

62
 PROBLEM 1:
What is the percentage by
mass of a salt solution
prepared by dissolving 11g
of salt in 80g of solution?
63
Given: mass of solute = 11g
mass of solution= 80g
Formula:
% mass = mass of solute x100
mass of solution
64
 Solution:
% mass = 11g x 100
80g
= 0.1375 x 100
= 13.75% 65
 PROBLEM 2:

Express the concentration

of a solution prepared by
dissolving 40g of salt in
160g of water.
66
Given: mass of solute= 40g
mass of solution= 40g +
160g= 200g

Formula:
% mass = mass of solute x 100
mass of solution
67
 Solution:
% mass = 40g x 100
200g
= 0.20 x 100
= 20%
68
 PROBLEM 3:

What is the percent by

mass of NaHCO3 in a
solution containing 20 g
NaHCO3 in 600g of water?
69
Given: 20 g of NaHCO3
600 g of water

Unknown: percent by mass =?

Formula:
% mass = mass of solute x 100
mass of solution
70
 Solution:
Percent Mass of solute
= 20 g x 100 % = 3.23 %
600g + 20 g

71
PERCENT BY VOLUME
•Percent by volume is the
expression of the volume
in mL of solute per 100mL
of a solution.
72
 FORMULA:
% volume = volume of solute x 100
volume of solution

73
 PROBLEM 1:
•A solution is prepared by
mixing 50 mL of C2H5OH in
300 mL of distilled water.
What is the percent by volume
concentration and the proof
number of the solution?
74
Given: vol. of solute= 50 mL
vol. of solvent= 300mL
Formula:
% volume = volume of solute x 100
volume of solution

% vol.= 50 mL x 100
50 mL + 300mL
= 50 mL x 100
350mL
= 0.1428 x 100
= 14.28% 75
 PROBLEM 2:
•What volume of alcohol
is required to prepare
250 mL of a 10% by
volume solution?
76
Given: vol. of solution= 250 mL
vol. of solute= 10
% by volume= (unknown)
Formula:
% volume = volume of solute x 100
volume of solution

77
 SOLUTION:
vol. of solute = % by vol. x vol. of solution
100
= 10 x 250mL
100
= 2500 mL
100
= 25 mL 78
 PROBLEM 3:
• What is the percent by
volume of ethanol in a
solution that contains 45
mL of ethanol dissolved
in 125 mL of water?
79
Given: 45 g of ethanol
125 mL of water

Unknown: percent by volume =?

Formula: % by mass= volume of
solute x 100%
volume of solution
80
 SOLUTION:
vol. of solute = % by vol. x vol. of solution
100
= 45 mL x 100 %
125 mL + 45 mL

= 26.47 %
81
Response
Before the Statement
Lesson
1Solutions are always in the form of liquid.
A mixture of starch and water is an example of solution. A mixture of water and starch is colloidal because it forms a shell of
If too much sugar was added to water, it will reach a
point where it can no longer dissolve more of it.
Carbonated drinks contain gaseous solute. Gaseous
solute can dissolve more easily in hot solvent than in
cold one.
A hypothesis should be based on scientific facts.
A rubbing alcohol label that reads 70% Isopropyl
Alcohol means 70% by Volume.
A supersaturated when heated will for form saturated
solution.
1Sugar will be dissolved faster when added to an iced tea Generally, a solute dissolve faster in a warmer solvent than it does in
than in hot coffee.
Response After the Lesson
Solutions maybe in a solid, liquid or gas. (B)
firmly bound molecules of water that stops the starch particles from
aggregating with the molecules of water when they collide (B)
At some point the solution becomes saturated. This means that if you
add more of the compound, it will not dissolve anymore
and will remain solid instead. (A)
For Gases, solubility decreases as temperature increases.
For a hypothesis to be termed a scientific hypothesis, it has to be
something that can be supported or refuted through carefully
crafted experimentation or observation. (A)
(B) 70 isopropyl alcohol rubbing alcohol for sanitation.
Because the solubility of most solids increases with increasing
temperature, a saturated solution that was prepared at a higher
temperature usually contains more dissolved solute than it would
contain at a lower temperature. When the solution is cooled, it can
therefore become supersaturated. (A)
a cooler solvent because particles have more energy of movement.
For example, if you add the same amount of sugar to a cup of hot
tea and a cup of iced tea, the sugar will dissolve faster in the hot tea.
( B)
How can your understanding of
solutions be applicable to your
daily lives?
 The importance of
concentration of solutions in
our daily life.
•It is important in the field of
medicine because it indicate the
solute needed for making
medicines in the appropriate
amount needed by body of a
patient 84