MKAJ 1033

SEAA 4733
Advanced Foundation Engineering

DRILLED SHAFT
FOUNDATION

By
DR . Khairun N issa Binti Mat Said
 IN T R O DUCT IO N O F DR ILLED
SHAFT T Y PE O F DR ILLED SHAFT
01 02

DESIG N MET HO D O F CAISSO N

06 OUTLINES
FO UN DT IO N
03 IN ST ALL AT IO N MET HO D O F
DR ILLED SHAFT

05
T Y PE O F CAISSO N
FO UN DAT IO N 04
DESIG N MET HO D O F DR ILLED
SHAFT

3
 IN T R O DUCT IO N

• Also known as Caisson.

• Up to 2 – 3 m in diameter.
• Cast in-place pile.
• Deep foundation that is

Si
ze
constructed by placing fluid

on

/Di
iti
concrete in a drilled hole.

m
f in

en
De

si
on
DR ILLED SHAFT • May be used a single drilled
• Delay due to the bad weather. FO UN DAT IO N shaft instead of group of
• May induced ground loss and piles and pile cap.
e
ag

Ad
damage to nearby structure. • Avoid ground vibration.
n t

va
va
• High resistance to lateral

nt
d

a
a

g
load.
is

es
D • etc

4
 T Y PES O F DR ILLED SHAFT FO UN DAT IO N
Straight Shaft End-Bearing Piers
Develop support from end-bearing on
strong soil or rock
Belled Shaft
A greater percentage of the imposed
load on the pier top is assumed to be
carried by the base.
R esting on good bearing soil.
Angles of 30 to 45 degree.
Straight Shaft Side Wall Friction
and/or End-Bearing Piers
Both side wall and end bearing assigned role
in carrying the design load.
When carried into rock,it is refer to “drilled
piers with rock socket”.
Belled (dome) Shaft
A greater percentage of the imposed
load on the pier top is assumed to be
carried by the base.
R esting on good bearing soil.
5
 Installation Method
3 types of construction methods are :
(1) Dry Method
Applicable to soil and rock above water table and will not cave or slump
when the hole is drilled to its full depth. (e.g Homogeneous stiff clay)

$ 23,433,000

Initiating drilling by using Concrete is then poured Placing a rebar cage Concreting is completed
proper drilling tools into the cylindrical hole.
(rotary drill),and the
spoils from the hole are
deposited nearby.

6
Example Link’s : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BVogMSzT3s4
 Installation Method
3 types of construction methods are :
(2) Casing Method
T he method is used in a soil or rocks in which caving or large deformation is likely to
occur when the borehole is excavated.

1 2 3
Initiating drilling by
Bentonite slurry is into Introducing casing. T he casing is bailed
using proper drilling
the hole as caving soil out of the casing with
tools (rotary drill),like
is encountered. submersible pump.
dry method

If reinforcing steel is
needed,the rebar cage
needs to extend the full 6
length of the excavation. A smaller drill that can
If needed,the base of
Completed drilled Concrete is then poured pass through the
the excavated hole can
shaft into the excavation and casing is introduced
then be enlarged,
the casing is gradually into the hole,and
using an
pulled out. excavation continues
underreamer.

7
Example Link’s : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhGPTI9vrPg
 Installation Method
3 types of construction methods are :
(3) Wet Method
Also known as slurry displacement method. Slurry is used to keep the borehole open
during the entire depth of excavation.

$ 23,433,000

Excavation continues to If reinforcement is req uired,

full depth with slurry Concrete that will Complete drilled shaft.
the rebar cage is placed in
displace the volume of
the slurry.
slurry is then placed in
the drill
hole.

Example Link’s : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rm37nSQcKdI

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DESIG N MET HO D FO R DR ILLED SHAFT

Checking for Minimum Diameter,

Working Load for the drilled shaft

O rdinary shaft without casing,

minimum reinforcement is 1% of
the gross sectional area of the
Diameter of the shaft Strength concrete for 28 days shaft.

G ross sectional area of the drilled shaft

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LO AD T R AN SFER MECHAN ISM
Similar with pile.

EX AMPLE 1

Checking for minimum diameter of Drilled shaft.

Let say = , , = ). ( ,
⁄

10
 LO AD T R AN SFER MECHAN ISM Similar with pile.

Estimation of Load Bearing

Capacity ;
Frictional or skin resistance
Ultimate Load

Ultimate load carrying

capacity at the base.
Can be expressed like a
shallow foundation
Drilled shaft with bell. Straight drilled shaft.

11
LO AD T R AN SFER MECHAN ISM
Estimation of Load Bearing
Capacity in G ranular Soil ;
Effective stress at the base
of the drilled shaft

O r referring Table to
interpolate N q with
friction angle

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LO AD T R AN SFER MECHAN ISM
Estimation of Load Bearing
Capacity in G ranular Soil ;
Effective Depth, L’;

Or L’ = 15D

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LO AD T R AN SFER MECHAN ISM
Estimation of Load Bearing
Capacity in G ranular Soil ;

Allowable Net Load, ( )

Factor of Safety

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LO AD T R AN SFER MECHAN ISM
Estimation of Load Bearing
Capacity in G ranular Soil ;
EX AMPLE 2
(Discussion in Class)

Calculate the ultimate bearing

capacity by skin friction,Q s.

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 LO AD T R AN SFER MECHAN ISM
Estimation of Load Bearing
Capacity in G ranular Soil ;
EX AMPLE 3

L=15m Sand,
Estimate the Ultimate Load,Q u.
=17 2
⁄
1.6m
∅ ′ =35
=0.75 ∅ ′

∅ =35
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 LO AD T R AN SFER MECHAN ISM
Estimation of Load Bearing
Capacity in CL AY SO IL;

For saturated clay, ∅= , Assuming L>3Db

Bearing capacity factor,

If > , =

Undrained Cohesion

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 LO AD T R AN SFER MECHAN ISM
Estimation of Load Bearing
Capacity in CL AY SO IL;

Soil Rigidity Index, Ir

Pa = atmospheric pressure
(100kN /m2)
Cu = undrained shear stress at
the base
Es = Modulus at the base

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LO AD T R AN SFER MECHAN ISM
Estimation of Load Bearing
Capacity in CL AY SO IL;
For saturated clay, ∅= , Assuming L>3Db

Empirical adhesion factor

Pa is always 100kN, So conservatively we choose 0.4.

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 LO AD T R AN SFER MECHAN ISM
Estimation of Load Bearing
Capacity in CL AY SO IL;
For saturated clay, ∅ = , Assuming

> , 1.5m
CLAY
1.5m sand
Effective Length, Le L Le
L
Le
L CLAY
CLAY Le
CLAY sand
Le
Ds L
Ds neck
Ds
CASE 1 CASE 2 CASE 3 CASE 4

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 LO AD T R AN SFER MECHAN ISM
Estimation of Load Bearing
Capacity in Clay Soil ;
EX AMPLE 4

L=15m Estimate the Ultimate Load,Q u.

=40 2
⁄
1.5m

2.0 m

2.5m
80
( )= 2
⁄
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LO AD T R AN SFER MECHAN ISM
Estimation of Load Bearing
Capacity
EX AMPLE 5 (Tin
wo layer soil)

• Based on the soil types, what is the

suitable method for construction
drilled shaft foundation.

• Estimate the net ultimate load

taking into consideration both the
base and skin resistance. G ive
comments on the factor of safety
estimate.

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 Load Bearing Capacity by
SET T LEMEN T MET HO D

Also know as

Limiting Settlement Method

 Based on desired settlement allowed . Let say , 50 mm.

 Meaning the design of the drilled shaft allows the maximum

settlement of not more than 50 mm.

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Settlement Method based on R eese
and O ’N eills Procedure
In Granular Material
General Equation

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 (Cont’d)
Settlement Method based on R eese
Friction Factor and O ’N eills Procedure
In Granular Material

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 (Cont’d)
Settlement Method based on R eese
Friction Factor and O ’N eills Procedure
In Granular Material
(Skin Resistance)
=

Therefore,

= ∆

26
Settlement Method based on R eese
and O ’N eills Procedure
In Granular Material
Then, to get corrected

( )= ( )

For example,
Ds = 1.8 m, Limiting settlement = 30 mm,

= = . %

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Settlement Method based on R eese
and O ’N eills Procedure
In Granular Material
(Base(Tip))
=

Where,

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 Settlement Method based on R eese
and O ’N eills Procedure
In Granular Material
(Base(Tip))
T herefore,the calculated

= = (Db2/4) 57.5

or for larger than,> 1.27m

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.
Settlement Method based on R eese
and O ’N eills Procedure
In Granular Material
(Base(Tip))

( )= ( )

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Settlement Method based on R eese
and O ’N eills Procedure
In Granular Material
(Therefore, Ultimate Capacity)

=( + )

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Settlement Method based on R eese
and O ’N eills Procedure
In Clay Soil
(Ultimate Capacity)

And

Skin Resistance, =

also known as Calculated = = .

32
Settlement Method based on R eese
and O ’N eills Procedure
In Clay Soil
(Skin Correction Factor))

( )= ( )

33
 Settlement Method based on R eese
and O ’N eills Procedure
In Clay Soil
(Base(Tip) Resistance)

Whichever is
lower

=( / )

also known as Calculated =

34
Settlement Method based on R eese
and O ’N eills Procedure
In Clay Soil
(Tip Correction Factor)

( )= ( )

= +

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