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10th Tamil - 2022-2023 Sample
10th Tamil - 2022-2023 Sample
in
2022-2023
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6. ; k; PTA tpdhff
muR kwW ; s; 6. bgwn; whh; Mrphpah; fHfk;
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üyháÇa®fŸ:
r. n#Ruh{, M.A., M.Ed.,
öa rntÇah® nkšÃiy¥gŸË,
ghisa§nfh£il.
k. É‹br‹£, M.A., B.Ed.,
ghisa§nfh£il.
K. Éndh¤, M.A., M.Phil., B.Ed., Ph.D.,
ghisa§nfh£il.
nk‰gh®it:
K. bf#K¤JkhÇ, M.A., M.Phil., B.Ed.,
É¡»uká§fòu«, bešiy.
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jkpHKijg; gUfp
beoJ thH
thH;j;Jfs;...
byhnahyh gjpg;gfj;jhu;.
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bghUsl¡f«
,ay; bghUz;ik ghlj;jiyg;g[fs; Mrphpah; bgah; g. v©
kdg;ghlg;gFjpfs;* 11
bkhHp md;id bkhHpna* ghtynuW bgU+;rpj;jpudhh; 14
jkpH;r;brhy; tsk; njtneag; ghthzh; 22
1 mKj Cw;W ,ul;Lw bkhHpjy; re;jf;ftpkzp jkpHHfdhh; 30
ciueilapd; mzpeyd;fs; vHpy; Kjy;td; 33
vGj;J/ brhy; 36
,aw;if/ nfl;fpwjh vd; Fuy;- 48
Rw;Wr;NHy;
fhw;nw th- ghujpahh; 57
2 caphpd; Xir Ky;iyg;ghl;L* eg;g{jdhh; 62
g[aypny xU njhzp g. rp=;fhuk; 68
bjhifepiyj; bjhlh;fs; 69
gz;ghL tpUe;J nghw;WJk;- 78
fhrpf;fhz;lk;* mjptPuuhk ghz;oah; 85
kiygLflhk; bgU=;bfsrpfdhh; 89
3 Tl;lh+;nrhW nfhgy;yg[uj;J kf;fs; fp. uh$ehuhazd; 94
bjhfhepiyj; bjhlh;fs; 95
jpUf;Fws;* jpUts;Sth; 105
mwptpay;/ braw;if Ez;zwpt[ 112
bjhHpy; El;gk;
bgUkhs; jpUbkhHp* FynrfuhH;thh; 120
ehd;fhk; jkpH; ghpghly; fPue;ijahh;
4 tpz;izj; jhz;oa
124
jd;dk;gpf;if 127
,yf;fzk; ? bghJ 130
fy;tp bkhHpbgah;g;g[f; fy;tp 140
ePjpbtz;gh* fh.g. bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyh; 150
jpUtpisahlw; g[uhzk;* gu+;nrhjp Kdpth;
5 kzw;nfzp g[jpa ek;gpf;if fkyhyad;
154
161
tpdh/ tpil tiffs;/
bghUs;nfhs; 164
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fl;Liufs; 324
foj=;fs; 340
gotk; 349
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ãÇî - 2 ãÇî - 3
Fwpg;g[ : v itnaDk; Ie;J tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; Fwpg;g[ : vitnaDk; ,uz;L tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk;
tpilaspf;ft[k;. 5×2=10 RUf;fkhf tpilaspf;ft[k;. 2×3=6
22. brh‰fËš kiwªJŸs bjhiffis milahs« 35. njh£l¤âš kšÈif¥ó g¿¤j ó§bfho, tU«
f©L bjhlÇš mik¡f. tÊÆš ML khLfS¡F¤ j©Ù®¤ bjh£oÆš
m) ï‹brhš M) vGfâ® FoÚ® Ãu¥ãdhŸ. å£oDŸ tªjtŸ Rt®¡
23. “thœf’ gFgj cW¥ãy¡fz« jUf. fofhu¤âš k gh®¤jhŸ.
24. ïU brh‰fisí« xnu bjhlÇš mik¤J vGJf. ï¥g¤âÆš cŸs bjhifÃiy¤ bjhl®fË‹
m) ÉL - åL M) bfhL - nfhL tiffis¡ F¿¥ã£L, ÉǤJ vGJf.
25. bt©gh , MáÇa¥ghÉ‹ Xirfis vGJf. 36. Ôtf mÂia És¡», mj‹ tiffis vGJf.
26. fiy¢ brh‰fŸ jUf. M) Belief M) Philosopher 37. fUÉí« fhyK« brŒifí« brŒí«.
Fwpg;g[ : brtp khw;Wj; jpwdhsh;fSf;fhd khw;W tpdh : mUÉidí« kh©l jik¢R.
T£l¥bga®fis vGJf. m) fš M) ML - ï¡Fw£ghÉid my»£L thŒghL jUf.
27. tU»‹w nfhil ÉLKiwÆš fh‰whiy gFâ - IV
Ä‹c‰g¤âia neÇš fh©gj‰F Fwpg;g[ : m idj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpilaspf;ft[k;.
MušthŒbkhÊ¡F¢ brš»nw‹? 5×5=25
- ï¤bjhl® fhy tGtikâ¡F vL¤J¡fh£lhf 38. m) fUizaÅ‹ jhŒ kiwî¡F åukhKÅt®
miktJ v›thW ˜ ó¡fŸ ngh‹w ctikfshY« cUtf
28. rªj¡ fÉijÆš tªj ãiHfis¤ âU¤Jf. ky®fshY« Ãfœ¤âa fÉjhŠrÈia ÉtÇ¡f.
“njÅny CÇa brªjÄÊ‹ - Rit (mšyJ)
njU« áy¥gâ fhwkij M) ’fhy¡fÂj«’ fÉijÆš fÉP® f©zjhr‹
CÅny v«KÆ® cšyyî« - Ãj« F¿¥ã£LŸs fU¤JfSŸ c§fis¡ ft®ªj
Xâ íd®ªâ‹ òUnthnk.” IªJ fU¤Jfis vGJf.
2×3=6 39. m) b gUªbjh‰W V‰gLtij¤ jL¡f¤ njitahd
gFâ - III K‹bd¢rÇ¡iffis ÉtǤJ¢ á‰ùÇš
ãÇî - 1 cŸs c§fsJ jh¤jh gh£o¡F¡ foj« x‹iw
Fwpg;g[ : v itnaDk; ,uz;L tpdhf;fSf;Fr; vGJf. (mšyJ)
RUf;fkhf tpilaspf;ft[k;. M) c§fŸ bjUÉš Ä‹És¡FfŸ
29. “òËa§f‹W MHkhf el¥g£LŸsJ.” gGjilªJŸsd. mjdhš ïuÉš rhiyÆš
- ïJ nghš ïs« gÆ® tif _‹¿‹ bga®fis¤ elªJ bršnthU¡F V‰gL« ïilôWfis
bjhl®fËš mik¡f. vGâ Mtd brŒí«go Ä‹thÇa mYtyU¡F¡
30. ciu¥g¤âia¥ go¤J Édh¡fS¡F Éil jUf.. foj« vGJf.
mw« TW« k‹w§fŸ murÅ‹ mwbe¿ M£á¡F¤ gl« cz®¤J« fU¤ij eaKW IªJ bjhl®fËš
JizòǪjd. mw« TW mita« g‰¿ ’mw« vGJf.
mw¡f©l be¿kh‹ mita«’ v‹»wJ òweh}W.
ciwôÇÈUªj mw mita« jÅ¢áw¥ò¥ bg‰wJ
v‹W ïy¡»a§fŸ F¿¥ãL»‹wd. kJiuÆš
ïUªj mita« g‰¿ kJiu¡fhŠá F¿¥ãL»wJ;
m§FŸs mita« Jyh¡nfhš nghy eLÃiy
Ä¡fJ v‹»wJ.
m) murÅ‹ mwbe¿ M£á¡F¤ JizòǪjit
vit å£L v© : 21, t.c. áj«gudh® bjU, f%®
M) mita« g‰¿ òweh}W TWtJ ahJ? kht£l¤âš muR nkšÃiy¥ gŸËÆš g¤jh«
ï) kJiuÆš ïUªj mita« v¥go ïUªjjhf tF¥ãid Ãiwî brŒj bt‰¿¢brštÅ‹ kf‹
kJiu¡fhŠá F¿¥ãL»wJ?˜ Fznrfu‹ nkšÃiy tF¥ãš nru ÉU«ò»wh®.
31. tWikÆY« go¥ã‹ ÛJ eh£l« bfh©lt® nj®t® j‹id Fznrfudhf¡ fUâ bfhL¡f¥g£l
k.bgh.á. v‹gj‰F¢ rh‹W jUf. nkšÃiy tF¥ò¢ nr®¡if É©z¥g¥got¤âid
ãÇî - 2 Ãu¥òf.
Fwpg;g[ : v itnaDk; ,uz;L tpdhf;fSf;Fr; m) ï‹ brh‰fis¥ ngRtjdhš Éisí«
RUf;fkhf tpilaspf;ft[k;. tpdh vz; 34f;F e‹ikfŸ Iªâid vGJf. (mšyJ)
fl;lhakhf tpilaspf;f ntz;Lk;. M) bkhÊbga®¡f :
32. f«guhkhaz« - ü‰F¿¥ò tiuf. T he Golden sun gets up early in the morning and starts its
33. jÄH‹idia thœ¤Jtj‰fhd fhuz§fshf¥ bright rays to fade away the dark. The milky clouds start
ghtynuW R£Ltd ahit˜ their wandering. The colourful birds start twitting their
34. moãwHhkš vGJf. morning melodies in percussion. The cute butterflies
m) ’m‹id bkhÊna” - vd¤ bjhl§F« dance around the flowers. The flowers fragrance fills the
ghtynuW bgUŠá¤âudhÇ‹ ghlš. breeze. The breeze gently blows everywhere and makes
M) “etk tl¡f Æšnghš’ vd¤ bjhl§F« everything pleasant.
nj«ghtÂ¥ ghlš.
7
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Please Send your Materials, Guides & Question papers to kalvikadal.in@gmail.com (or) Whatsapp - 9385336929
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M)
md;id bkhHpna~~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; rpdk; bfhs;sj;jf;f brhw;fisg; ngRfpnwhk;"
ghtynuW bgU+;rpj;jpudhhpd; ghly;. nfl;fpnwhk;" iffyg;gpy; <LgLfpnwhk;" ,JfhWk;
ãÇî - 3 fw;w mw=;fs; ekf;Ff; ifbfhLf;f ntz;lhkh>
Fwpg;g[ : vitnaDk; ,uz;L tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; khzt epiyapy; ePtPh; gpd;gw;w ntz;oa
RUf;fkhf tpilaspf;ft[k;. 2×3=6 mw=;fs; kw;Wk; mjdhy; Vw;gLk; ed;ikfisg;
35. ``fz;nz fz;Qw=;F- gl;oaypLf. (mšyJ)
fhiyapy; ePbaGk;g[- M) bkhHp bgah;f;f :
khkiH bga;ifapny I f you talk to a man in a language he understands,
khk;g{nt fz;Qw=;F- that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his own
ghondd; jhyhl;L- language that goes to his heart. - Nelson Mandela
MoMo Xa;e;Jw=;F- Language is the road map of a Culture. It tells you
?
,j;jhyhl;Lg; ghlypy; mike;Js;s bjhlh; where its people come from and where they are
tiffis vGJf. going. - Rita Mae Brown
36.
ftp+h;/ jhk; Tw tpUk;g[k; fUj;jpw;F Vw;wthW Fwpg;g[ : b rtpkhw;Wj; jpwdhsh;fSf;fhd tpdh
jw;Fwpg;ngw;w mzp miktij vLj;Jf; fhl;Lf. ciug;gj;jpiag; goj;J tpdhf;fSf;F
37. braw;if mwpe;jf; filj;Jk; cyfj; tpilj; jUf.
jpaw;if mwpe;J bray;. f
Uj; j hHKk; thrfr; Ritg;g[k; fye;J ,yf;fpa=;fs;
? ,f;Fwl;ghtpid myfpl;L tha;g;ghL jUf. gilj;jth; b$a=;fhe;jd;. r@f mikg;gpd; r@f
gFâ - IV 5×5=25 Kuz;ghLfis vGj;jpny mg;gl;lkhff; fhl;oath;
Fwpg;g[ : m idj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpilaspf;ft[k;. b$afhe;
bgw; w th; .
jd;. neh;Kf/ vjph;Kf tpist[fisg;
cs;slf;f tphpthy; kdpjhgp ? khdj;ij
38. m) `fhyf; fzpjk;~ ftpijapy; bghjpe;Js;s
ea=;fisg; ghul;o vGJf. thrfh; be+;r=;fspy; tpijj;jth;. ,tUila
``ftp+d; ahndhh; fhyf; fzpjk; gilg;g[fSf;Ff; FoauRj; jiyth; tpUJ/ rhfpj;jpa
fUg;gL bghUis cUg;gl itg;ngd;- mfhbjkp tpUJ/ nrhtpaj; ehl;L tpUJ kw;Wk; +hdgPl
g[tpapy; ehndhh; g[fGilj; bja;tk; tpUJ jhkiuj;jpU tpUJfSk; fpilj;Js;sd. ``ehd;
bghd;dpDk; tpiykpF bghUbsd; bry;tk;- vGJtjw; cz; L . vd;
F xU J}z;LjYk; mjw;Fhpa fhuzKk;
vGj;Jf;F xU ,yl;rpaKk; cz;L. ehd;
,itrhp bad;why; ,ak;g[tbjd; bjhHpy; vGJtJ/ KGf;f KGf;f thH;f;ifapypUe;J ehd;
,itjt whapd; vjpg;gbjd; ntiy- bgWk; fy;tpapd; tpist[k;/ vdJ jdp Kaw;rpapd;
Mf;fy; mspj;jy; mHpj;jy;,k; @d;Wk; gaDkhFk;~~ vd;W TWfpwhh; b$afhe;jd;. `mh;j;jnk
mtDk; ahDnk mwpe;jit" mwpf-
? fz;zjhrd; (mšyJ) gilg;gfpdKoahj ; totj;ij tskhf;FfpwJ~ vd;gJ md;dhhpd;
M) fUizadpd; jha; kiwt[f;F tPukhKdpth; mirf; i ) b$afhe; j d;
ek;gpf;if.
bgw;w tpUJfs; ahit>
g{f;fs; nghd;w ctikfshYk; cUtf ii) kdpjhgpkhdj;ij thrfh; be+;rpy; tpijj;jth;
kyh;fshYk; epfH;j;jpa ftpjh+;rypia ahh;>
tpsf;Ff.
39. m) bfhnuhdh bgUe;bjhw;W Cul=;Ff; iii) thrfh;
tp i st[ f
kdjpy;
is Vw; g Lj; j p
b$afhe;jd;
d hh; >
vj;jifa
fhyj;jpy; c=;fs; neuj;ij vt;thW gaDwf; iv) vJ gilg;gpd; totj;ij tskhf;FfpwJ>
fHpj;jPh;fs; vd;gij ez;gDf;F tpthpj;Jf; v) ciug;gj;jpf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd jiyg;g[ vGJf.
fojk; vGJf. (mšyJ) gFâ - V 3×8=24
M) czt[ tpLjpbahd;wpy; tH=;fg;gl;l czt[
jukw;wjhft[k;/ tpiy TLjyhft[k; ,Ue;jJ Fwpg; g [ :
m idj; J tpdhf; f Sf; F k; tphpthd
Fwpj;J chpa rhd;WfSld; czt[g; ghJfhg;g[ tpilaspf;ft[k;.
MizaUf;Ff; fojk; vGJf. 43. m) r=;f ,yf;fpa=;fs; fhl;Lk; mw=;fs;
40. glk; czh;j;Jk; fUj;ijf; ftpDw vGJf. ,d;iwf;Fk; njitahditna vd;gjw;Fr;
rhd;W je;J tpsf;Ff. (mšyJ)
M) jkpHpd; brhy;tsk; gw;wpa[k; g[jpa
brhy;yhf;fj;jpw;fhd njit Fwpj;Jk; jkpH;
kd;wj;jpy; ngRtjw;fhd ciuf; Fwpg;g[fis
vGJf.
44. m) ,uhkhDrh; ehlfj;jpy; btspg;gLk; kdpj
neaj;ij tpthpf;ft[k;. (mšyJ)
M) md;dka;ah vd;Dk; bgaUf;Fk;/ mthpd;
braYf;Fk; cs;s bghUj;jg;ghl;oidf;
41.
flY}h; khtl;lk;/ ghujpahh; efh;/ fk;gh; `nfhgy;yg[uj;J kf;fs;~ fijg;gFjp bfhz;L
bjUtpYs;s 112 Mk; ,yf;f tPl;oy; FoapUf;Fk; tpthpf;f.
epytdpd; kfs; g{=;FHyp/ efuhl;rp nky;epiyg; 45. Fwpg;g[fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; fl;Liu vGJf.
gs;spapy; gof;fpwhh;. mth; tpisahl;L nkk;ghl;L m) Kd;Diu ? cHt[j;bjhHpy; ? cHth; ?
Mizj;jpy; cWg;gpduhfr; nrh;e;J fhy;ge;J cHt[j;bjhHpypd; ,d;wpaikahik ?
tpisahl;oy; gapw;rp bgw tpUk;g[fpwhh;. njh;th;/ cHth;fis kjpjj ; y; ? cztpid tPzhf;fhky;
jk;ik g{=;FHypahff; fUjp/ bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s cz;Qjy; ? Kot[iu. (mšyJ)
cWg;gpdh; nrh;f;ifg; gotj;ij epug;g[f. M) Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L fl;Liu vGjpj;
42.
m) ehk; vg;nghJk; xnu kdepiyapy; jiyg;gpLf.
,Ug;gjpy;iy. ek;ikr; Rw;wp epfGk; Kd;Diu ? `rhiyg; ghJfhg;g[ caph; ghJfhg;g[~
bray;fshy; ehk; miyf;fHpf;fg;gLfpnwhk;. ? rhiy tpjpfs; ? Ch;jp Xl;LeUf;fhd bewpfs;
cld;gapy;gtUlndh/ cld;gpwe;jtUlndh ? `tpgj;jpidj; jtph;g;nghk; tpHpg;g[zh;t[
vjph;ghuhky; rr;rut[ Vw;gLfpwJ. ,e;j rkaj;jpy; jUnthk;~ ? Kot[iu
10
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byhnahyh kdg;ghlg;gFjp
kd¥ghl¥gFâ
,ay;?1 bghpahiuj; Jizf;nfhly; (45)
md;id bkhHpna ? fdpr;rhW (bjhFjp 1) gy;yhh; gifbfhsypd; gj;jLj;j jPikj;nj
mHfhh;e;j bre;jkpnH- ey;yhh; bjhlh;if tply;. PTA - 4&5 brg; ?21
PTA - 4&6 brg; ?21
md;id bkhHpna- mHfhh;e;j bre;jkpnH- fz;nzhl;lk; (58)
Kd;idf;Fk; Kd;id KfpH;j;j eW=;fdpna- gz;vd;dhk; ghlw; fpiagpd;nwy;" fz;vd;dhk;
fd;dpf; Fkhpf; fly;bfhz;l ehl;oilapy; fz;nzhl;lk; ,y;yhj fz;.
kd;dp murpUe;j kz;Qyfg; nguunr- nk ?2022 Ms;tpid cilik (62)
bjd;dd; kfns- jpUf;Fwspd; khz;g[fnH- mUik cilj;bjd; wrhthik ntz;Lk;
,d;dWk; ghg;gj;nj- vz;bjhifna- ew;fzf;nf- bgUik Kaw;rp jUk;.
kd;D+; rpyk;ng- kzpnk fiytont-
Kd;Dk; epidthy; KojhH thH;j;Jtnk- PTA - 1 Kaw;rp jpUtpid Mf;Fk; Kaw;wpd;ik nk ?2022
? ghtynuW bgU+;rpj;jpudhh; ,d;ik g[Fj;jp tpLk;. ? jpUts;Sth;
,ay;?2 ,ay;?4
Ky;iyg;ghl;L bgUkhs; jpUbkhHp ? ghRu vz; : 691
ey;nyhh; tphpr;rp nfl;ly; thshy; mWj;Jr; RoDk; kUj;Jtd; ghy;
rpWjhk;g[ bjhLj;j griyf; fd;wpd; PTA - 3 khshj fhjy; nehahsd; nghy; khaj;jhy;
cWJah; mykuy; nehf;fp/ Ma;kfs;
eL=;F Rty; mirj;j ifas;/ ``ifa kPshj; Jah;jhpDk; tpj;Jtf; nfhl;lk;kh- eP
bfhL=;nfhw; nfhtyh; gpd;epd;W ca;j;ju Msh cdjUns ghh;g;gd; monand.
,d;nd tUFth;/ jhah;~~ vd;nghs; ? FynrfuhH;thh;
ed;dh; ed;bkhHp nfl;ldk; ? eg;g{jdhh;
,ay;?5
,ay;?3 ePjpbtz;gh
fhrpf;fhz;lk; ? ,y;byhGf;fk;/ (gh.vz; :17) mUisg; bgUf;fp mwpitj; jpUj;jp
tpUe;jpddhf xUtd; te;J vjphpd; kUis mfw;wp kjpf;Fk; bjUis
tpaj;jy; ed;bkhHp ,dpJ ciuj;jy;
jpUe;Jw nehf;fy; tUf vd ciuj;jy; mUj;JtJk; Mtpf;F mUe;Jizaha; ,d;gk;
vGjy; Kd; kfpH;td brg;gy; bghUj;JtJk; fy;tpbad;nw nghw;W.
bghUe;J kw;Wmtd; jd;mUFw ,Uj;jy; ? fh.g.bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyh;
nghbkdpy; gpd; bry;tjhjy;
ghpe;Jed; Kfkd; tH=;fy; ,t;bthd;ghd; jpUtpisahlw; g[uhzk; PTA - 5, brg;?20
xGf;fKk; tHpgLk; gz;ng PTA - 2&5 kd;dd;/ g[ythplk; kd;dpg;ig ntz;Ljy;
? mjptPuuhk ghz;oah; (2644)
jpUf;Fws; g[z;zpag; g[ytPu; ahd; ,g;nghH;J ,ilf; fhldhh;f;Fg;
bka; czh;jy; (36) gz;zpa Fw;wk; vy;yhk; bghWf;f vdg; gutpj; jhH;e;jhd;
Ez;zpa nfs;tp nahUk; kd;deP Etd;w brhy;yhk;
vg;bghUs; vj;jd;ikj; jhapDk; mg;bghUs;
jz;zpa mKjhy; v=;fs; nfhgj;jPj; jzpe;jJ vd;dh.
bka;g;bghUs; fhz;g jwpt[.
? gu+;nrhjp Kdpth;
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byhnahyh kdg;ghlg;gFjp
,ay;?6
Kj;Jf;Fkhurhkp gps;isj;jkpH;
? br=;fPiug; gUtk;/ gh.vz;.8
MLf br=;fPiu-
brk;bgh dor;rpW fp=; fpzpnahL rpyk;g[ fye;jhlj;
jpUtiu aiu+h ziukzp bahL bkhsp jpfHiu tlkhlg;
igk;bgh dRk;gpa bjhe;jp bahL+;rpW gz;o rhpe;jhlg;
gl;l Ejw;bghyp bghl;blhL tl;lr; Rl;o gjpe;jhlf; PTA - 4
fk;gp tpjk;bghjp Fz;ly K=;FiH fhJ kire;jhlf;
fl;oa NHpa[ Kr;rpa[ Kr;rpf; fjph;Kj; bjhLkhl
tk;gt sj;jpU nkdpa[ khol MLf br=;fPiu
Mjp tapj;jpa ehj g[hpf;Ff dhLf br=;fPiu
? FkuFUguh;
fk;guhkhazk;
ghy fhz;lk; ? ehl;Lg;glyk; (35) brg; ?21
jz;;liy kapy;f shlj; jhkiu tpsf;fe; jh=;ff;/
bfhz;ly;fz; KHtp nd=;ff; Ftis fz;
tpHpj;J nehf;fj; bjz;oiu baHpdp fhl;lj; njk;gpHp kfu ahHpd;
tz;Lf spdpJ ghl kUjk;tPw; wpUf;F khnjh.
mnahj;jpah fhz;lk; ? f=;ifg;glyk; (1926)
bta;nahbdhsp jd;;nkdpapd; tphpnrhjpapd; kiwag;
bgha;nahbtD kpilahbshL kpisahbdhLk; nghdhd;
iknahku fjnkhkwp flnyhkiH Kfpnyh
Inahtptd; tobtd;gbjh uHpahtH Filahd;.
? fk;gh;
jpUf;Fws;
mikr;R (64)
braw;if mwpe;jf; filj;Jk; cyfj; PTA - 1
jpaw;if mwpe;J bray;.
bghUs;bray; tif (76)
bghUsy; ytiug; bghUshfr; bra;a[k;
bghUsy;y jpy;iy bghUs;.
Fd;nwwp ahidg;nghh; fz;lw;why; jd;ifj;bjhd;
Wz;lhfr; bra;thd; tpid.
Fobray; tif (103)
Fw;wk; ,ydha;f; Fobra;J thH;thidr;
Rw;wkhr; Rw;Wk; cyF.
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byhnahyh kdg;ghlg;gFjp
ey;Fut[ (105)
,d;ikapd; ,d;dhj jpahbjdpd; ,d;ikapd;
,d;ikna ,d;dh jJ.
? jpUts;Sth;
,ay;?7
rpyg;gjpfhuk;
,e;jputpHh CbuLj;j fhij (mo: 18?23)
J}Rk; JfpUk; MuKk; mfpYk; PTA - 1&6
khRmW Kj;Jk; kzpa[k; bghd;Dk;
mU=;fy btWf;ifnahL mse;Jfil mwpah
tsk;jiy ka=;fpa ede;jiy kWFk;"
ghy;tif bjhpe;j gFjpg; gz;lbkhL
Tyk; Ftpj;j Ty tPjpa[k;"
? ,s=;nfhtofs;
,ay;?8
fhyf;fzpjk;
khw;wk; vdJ khdplj; jj;Jtk;" PTA - 3
khWk; cyfpd; kfj;Jtk; mwpntd;-
vt;btit jPik vt;btit ed;ik
vd;g jwpe;J VFbkd; rhiy-
jiyth; khWth;" jh;ghh; khWk;"
jj;Jtk; kl;Lnk ml;ra ghj;jpuk;-
bfhs;nthh; bfhs;f" Fiug;nghh; Fiuf;f-
cs;tha; thh;j;ij clk;g[ bjhlhJ"
ehnd bjhlf;fk;" ehnd Kot["
ehDiug; gJjhd; ehl;od; rl;;lk;-
? fz;zjhrd;
,ay;?9
njk;ghtzp
,aw;if bfhz;l ghpt[
etkzp tlf;f apy;nghy; PTA - 2, brg;?20 nk ?2022
ey;ywg; gliyg; g{l;Lk;
jtkzp khh;gd; brhd;d
jd;dpirf;F ,irfs; ghlj;
Jtkzp ku=;fs; njhWk;
Jzh;mzpr; Ridfs; njhWk;
ctkzp fhdk;bfhy; vd;W
xypj;J mGt nghd;nw.
? tPukhKdpth;
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1 md;id bkhHpna
- ghtynuW bgU+;rpj;jpudhh;
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
1. md;id bkhHp ? jha; bkhHp 14. ew;fzf;nf ? gjpbdz;fPH;f;fzf;F
2. bre;jkpH; ? brk;ikahd bkhHp E}y;fns
3. KfpH;j;j ? njhd;wpa 15. kd;Dk; ? epiyj;j
4. kd;dp murpUe;j ? epiyj;J murhz;l 16. Kd;Dk; ? bgh=;fpbaGk;
5. bjd;dd; ? ghz;oad; 17. KojhH ? jiygzpe;J
6. khz;g[fH; ? bgUk; bgUik 18. brg;ghpa ? brhy;Yjw;fhpa
7. tpe;ij ? tpag;g[ 19. ve;jkpH;eh ? vd;Dila jkpH; ehf;F
8. Jk;gp ? tz;L 20. beLepiyg;g[k; ? ePz;l epiyj;j jd;ik
9. Kd;idf;Fk; 21. ntwhh; ? ntw;W bkhHpahh;
Kd;id ? gHikf;Fg; gHik 22. ce;jp ? vdf;Fs; J}z;o
10. eW=;fdpna ? ,dpikahd gHnk 23. cs;sf; fdy;@sf; ? cs;;sj;jpy; jkpH;g;gw;W
11. fly;bfhz;l ? flyhy; bfhs;sg;gl;l jPaha; vH
12. ghg;gj;nj ? gj;Jg;ghl;nl 24. Ke;Jw;nwhk; ? cd; bgUikia
13. vz;bjhifna ? vl;Lj;bjhifna 25. ahz;Lk; ? v=;Fk;
jpwd; mwpnthk;
xU kjpg;bgz; tpdh
I. gyt[s; bjhpf. (ghl E}y; tpdh)
1. ve;jkpH;eh vd;gijg; gphpj;jhy; ,t;thW tUk;. brg; ?21 nk ?2022
m) ve; + jkpH; + eh M) ve;j + jkpH; + eh
,) vk; + jkpH; + eh <) ve;jk; + jkpH; + eh tpil: ,) vk; + jkpH; + eh
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
1. md;id bkhHpna vd Mrphpah; ciug;gJ ______.
m) ntw;Wikj; bjhlh; M) chpr;brhy; bjhlh;
,) ck;ikj; bjhif <) tpspj; bjhlh; tpil: <) tpspj; bjhlh;
2. bre;jkpH; vd;gjd; ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;g[ ????????????? brg; ?21 nk ? 2022
m) tpidj;bjhif M) gz;g[j;bjhif
,) ck;ikj; bjhif <) cUtfk; tpil: M) gz;g[j;bjhif
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Édh - Éil :
m) ghlypy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s vJifr; brhw;fis vLj;bjGJf.
bre;jkpnH.....
ve;jkpH;/ eh.....
mo vJif e;
Ke;ijj; .......
tpei
; j ......
M) ghlypd; rPh; nkhidr; brhw;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
bre;jkpnH- .................... brg;ghpa
ve;jkpH; eh.................... vt;thW rPh; nkhid
Ke;ijj; .................... KfpH;e;j
,) cs;Sapnu ? ,r;brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGJf.
cs; + capnu
<) bre;jkpH; ? ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;g[ jUf. nk ?2022
bre;jkpH; ? gz;g[j;bjhif
VII. FWtpdh (ghl E}y; tpdh)
1. ``kd;Dk; rpyk;ng! kzpnk fiytont!
Kd;Dk; epidthy; KojhH thH;j;Jtnk~~!
? ,t;tofspy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s fhg;gpa=;fisj; jtpu v+;rpa[s;s Ik;bgU=;fhg;gpa=;fspd;
bgah;fis vGJf. nk ?2022
➢ ,g;ghlypYs;s rpyg;gjpfhuk;/kzpnkfiy Mfpa ,uz;ilj; jtpu/
➢ rPtfrpe;jhkzp
➢ tisahgjp
➢ Fz;lynfrp Mfpad v+;rpa[s;s @d;W fhg;gpa=;fs; MFk;.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
1. vitbait jkpH;g;gw;Wzh;it vGg;g[fpd;wd>
➢ tpaf;fj;jf;f ePz;l jkpHpd; epiyj;j jd;ika[k;.
➢ ntw;W bkhHpahh; jkpiHg;gw;wp ciuj;j g[fGiua[k; jkpH;g;gw;Wzh;it vGg;g[fpd;wd.
2. jkpH; ve;bje;j ts=;fisf; bfhz;lJ>
jkpH;bkhHpahdJ
➢ gHk;bgUik ➢ jdf;bfdj; jdpr;rpwg;g[ ➢ ,yf;fpa tsk; nghd;wtw;iwf; bfhz;lJ.
3. bre;jhkiuj; njidf; Foj;Jr; rpwfhh;e;j me;Jk;gp ghLk; mJnghy ? ctikia tpsf;Ff.
tz;lhdJ bre;jhkiuj; njidf; Foj;Jr; rpwfirj;Jg; ghLtJ nghd;W eh=;fs; jkpiHr; Ritj;J
cd; bgUikia v=;Fk; KG=;Ffpd;nwhk;.
4. `fdpr;rhW~ vd;Dk; ftpijj; bjhFg;gpy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s/ jkpHd;idf;Fg; bgUik nrh;f;Fk;
E}y;fs; ahit>
jkpHd;idf;Fg; bgUik nrh;f;Fk; E}y;fs; :
➢ jpUf;Fws; ➢ vl;Lj;bjhif ➢ gj;Jg;ghl;L ➢ gjpbdz;fPH;f;fzf;F E}y;fs;
➢ rpyg;gjpfhuk; ➢ kzpnkfiy
5. gjpbdz; nkw;fzf;F E}y;fs; ahit>
➢ vl;Lj;bjhif ➢ gj;Jg;ghl;L
- ,it `gjpbdz; nkw;fzf;F E}y;fs;~ my;yJ `r=;f ,yf;fpa=;fs;~ vdg;gLk;.
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fw;git fw;wgpd;...
1. ``ew;wpiz ey;y FWe;bjhif I=;FWE}W
xj;j gjpw;Wg;gj;J X=;F ghpghly;
fw;wwpe;jhh; Vj;Jk; fypnahL mfk;g[wk; vd;W
,j;jpwj;j vl;Lj; bjhif~~
,r;bra;a[spy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s vl;Lj;bjhif E}y;fisg; bgah;f; fhuzj;Jld; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.
ew;wpiz:
➢ ey; + jpiz = ew;wpiz ? ey; vd;Dk; milbkhHp bgw;w E}y;.
➢ gd;dhL je;j ghz;oad; khwd; tGjpahy; bjhFf;fg;gl;l ,jpy; 9 mor; rpw;bwy;iy Kjy; 12
mog; ngbuy;iy tiu mike;j mfk; gw;wpa 400 ghly;fisf; bfhz;lJ.
➢ 275 g[yth;fshy; ghlg;gl;lJ.
FWe;bjhif:
➢ FWik + bjhif = FWe;bjhif
➢
ehd;for; rpw;bwy;iy Kjy; vl;log; ngbuy;iy tiu mike;j mfk; gw;wpa ehD}W ghly;fisf;
bfhz;lJ.
➢ ,e;E}Yf;F c.nt.rhkpehja;ah; ciubaGjpg; gjpg;gpj;jhh;.
➢
tUzid Fiwe;Jk; czh;t[ kpFe;Jk; tps=;Fk; ,g;ghly;fs; mfj;jpizapd; capnuhl;lj;ijf;
fhl;l ty;ydtha[s;sd.
I=;FWE}W:
➢ @d;wor; rpw;bwy;iy Kjy; Mwog; ngbuy;iy tiua[s;s mfk; gw;wpa ghly;fisf; bfhz;lJ.
➢ jpizf;F E}W ghly;fshf Ie;E}W ghly;fisf; bfhz;lJ.
➢ ghujk; ghoa bgUe;njtdhh; ,e;E}Yf;Ff; flt[s; thH;j;Jg; ghoa[s;shh;.
➢
,e;E}iyj; bjhFj;jth; TlY}h;f; fpHhh;.bjhFg;gpj;jth; ahidf;fl; nra; khe;ju+; nruy;
,Uk;bghiw.
gj[pw;Wg;gj;J:
➢ gj;J nru kd;dh;fisg; gw;wpg; g[fH;e;J ghLk; E}y;.
➢ xt;bthU kd;dh;fisg; gw;wpa[k; gj;Jg;ghly;fs; tPjk; E}W ghly;fisf; bfhz;lJ.
➢
g[wk; rhh;e;j ,g;ghly;fspd; Kotpy; Jiw/ tz;zk;/ J}f;F/ ghlypd; bgah; Mfpait
Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
➢ Kjw;gj;Jk; ,Wjpg;gj;Jk; ,d;W fpilf;fg; bgw;wpy.
ghpghly;:
➢
ghlyhy; bgah; bgw;w ,j;bjhifapy; 70 ghly;fs; ,Ue;jpUf;f ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; 24 ghly;fns
fpilj;Js;sd.
➢
jpUkhiyg; gw;wp 6 ghly;fSk;/ KUfidg; gw;wp 8 ghly;fSk;/ itiag; gw;wp 8 ghly;fSk;/
fpilf;fg;bgw;Ws;sd.
➢ ,e;E
; }Yf;Fg; ghpnkyHfh; ciu tFj;Js;shh;.
➢ ,g;ghly;fspd; moapy; Jiw tpsf;fk;/ ghliy vGjpa Fwpg;g[fs; cs;sd.
➢ kJiuiar; Rw;wpa[s;s rka/ r@fg; gHf;ftHf;fr; rpwg;g[fis ,e;E}ypy; fhzyhk;.
➢ ,J mfKk; g[wKk; rhh;e;j E}y;.
fypj;bjhif:
➢ fypg;ghthy; Md mfk; rhh;e;j 150 ghly;fisf; bfhz;l bjhif E}y;.
➢ ,e;E
; }y; ehlfg;gh=;fpy; mike;Js;sJ. ,irnahL ghLtjw;nfw;w E}y;.
➢ fypj;bjhif Fwp+;rp/ Ky;iy/ kUjk;/ bea;jy;/ ghiy vd;Dk; Ik;bgUk; gphpt[fis cilaJ.
➢ fypg;gh Js;sy; Xiriaf; bfhz;lJ.
➢ fypj;bjhif `fw;wwpe;jhh; Vj;Jk; fyp~ vdg; nghw;wg;gLfpwJ.
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mfehD}W:
➢
,e;E
; }iyj; bjhFg;gpj;jth; ghz;oad; cf;fpug; bgUtGjp. bjhFj;jth; cg;g{hpFo fpHhh; kfdhh;
cUj;jpurd;kh;.
➢ 13 mor; rpw;bwy;iy 31 mog; ngbuy;iy bfhz;l E}y;.
➢ mfk; gw;wpa ehD}W ghly;fisf; bfhz;lJ.
➢ ePz;l ghly;fisg; bgw;wpUg;gjhy; `beLe;bjhif~ vdt[k; ,e;E
; }iy miHg;gh;.
➢ ghujk; ghoa bgUe;njtdhh; ,e;E}Yf;Ff; flt[s; thH;j;J ghoa[s;shh;.
g[wehD}W:
➢ g[wk; + ehd;F + E}W = g[wehD}W/ g[wk; gw;wpa ehD}W ghly;fisf; bfhz;lJ.
➢ g[wk;/ g[wg;ghl;L/ g[wk; ehD}W vdt[k; ,e;E}y; miHf;fg;gLtJz;L.
➢ ghujk; ghoa bgUe;njtdhhpd; flt[s; thH;j;J ,e;E}ypd; mzpfydhf mike;Js;sJ.
➢
jkpHhpd; tuyhw;Wf; fs+;rpakhfg; gHe;jkpH; kd;dh;fs; FWepy kd;dh;fspd; tuyhw;iwf;
TWk; Mtzkhf ,e;E}y; mike;Js;sJ.
➢ jkpH; kf;fspd; gHf;ftHf;f=;fisg; gw;wpa gy cz;ikfSk; ,e;E}ypy; tputpf;fplf;fpd;wd.
➢ kd;dh;fspd; tPuKk;/ <uKk; gw;wpa bra;jpfs; ,e;E}ypy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;sd.
2. `ve;jkpH;eh epd; bgUik vLj;nj ciutphpf;Fk;~ ? vd;w ghlyoiaf; bfhz;L tFg;giwapy;
Ie;J epkpl ciu epfH;j;Jf.
mitnahh; midtUf;Fk; tzf;fk;-
`` ahkwpe;j bkhHpfspny jkpH; bkhHp nghy;
,dpjhtJ v=;Fk; fhnzhk;~~ vd;whh; ghujpahh;.
`` fd;dy; bghUs; jUk; jkpnH- eP Xh;
g{f;fhL ehndhh; Jk;gp~~ vd;W jkpiHg; g[fH;e;J. ghodhh; ghujpjhrd;.
gHe;jkpHh; E}ypy; eldkhoa jPe;jkpH; cyfpy; kpfj; bjhd;ikahd bkhHpahFk;. ghz;oa
kd;dhpd; koapy; jtH;e;J tsh;e;j r=;fj;jkpH;/ fd;dlKk; fspbjY=;Fk; ftpd;kiyahsKk;
cjpj;bjHj; jhaha;j; juzpapy; kpsph;e;jjd;nwh-
gj;Jg;ghl;Lk; vl;Lj;bjhifa[k; jkpHhpd; fhjiya[k; tPuj;ija[k; ftpDwf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.
,ay;/ ,ir/ ehlfk; vd Kj;jkpGk; jkpHpd; tsj;ijr; rpwg;ghf vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd.
fhg;gpa E}y;fs; fw;gpd; nkd;ikiaa[k;/ md;gpd; rpwg;iga[k; mHfhf vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd.
Itif ,yf;fz=;fs; bkhHpapd; brwpita[k;/ tsikiaa[k; fiyah tz;zk; fhj;J tUfpd;wd.
cyf ,yf;fpa=;fspny Kjd;ik bgw;witaha;r; r=;f ,yf;fpa=;fs; rhd;W gfph;fpd;wd.
jkpH;bkhHpapy; cs;s ,yf;fpa=;fisg; nghy tsikahd/ brGikahd ,yf;fpa=;fs;
cyfpYs;s ntbwe;j bkhHpapYk; ,y;iy vd brf; ehl;L bkhHpapay; nguwp+h; fkpy;Rtygpy;
TWfpwhh;.
jkpH;bkhHpapd; bjhd;ikahd ,yf;fz E}yha;j; bjhy;fhg;gpak; jkpGf;F mzp nrh;f;fpwJ.
mfj;jpak; Ie;jpyf;fzj;jpd; mUikia vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ.
jkpH; bkhHpapy; cs;s ,yf;fpa=;fs; rpwg;ghf thH;tjw;Fj; bjtpl;lhj fUj;Jfis ms;sp
tH=;Ffpd;wJ.
`ahJk; Cnu ahtUk; nfsph;~
`gpwg;bghf;Fk; vy;yhcaph;f;Fk;`
`jPJk; ed;Wk; gpwh;ju thuh~
`RHd;Wk; Vh;g;gpd;dJ cyfk;~
nghd;w ,yf;fpaj; bjhlh;fs; ,d;Wk; tHpfhl;Lk; fy=;fiuj; jPgkha;j; jpfH;fpd;wd.
`jpUe;jpa gz;g[k;/ rPh;j;jehfhpfKk; bghUe;jpa J}abkhHp jkpH;bkhHp~ vd;W ghpjpkhw; fiy+h;
thH;j;Jfpwhh;-
jkpnH cd; bgUik jhd; vd;nd- vd;Wk; mHpahj ,d;g Cw;nw- vH[[py; Fiwahj mUtp
kiHna- cd; tsk; bgUfl;Lk;. cyfk; mHpe;jhYk; cd; g[fH; epiyf;fl;Lk;.
21
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1 jkpH;r;brhy; tsk;
jpwd; mwpnthk;
? k.bgh.rpt+hdk;
xU kjpg;bgz; tpdh
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9. rhpahdtw;iwj; njh;e;bjL
m) khk;gp+;R M) gdk;gp+;R ,) thiHf;fr;ry; <) vs; gp+;R
tpil: ,) thiHf;fr;ry;
10. vs;spypUe;J vz;bza; vLj;jypd; kp+;Rtijf; Fwpf;Fk; rhpahd brhy; ............. PTA - 1 & 2
m) vs;frL M) gpz;zhf;F
,) Mkzf;F <) vs;fl;o tpil: M) gpz;zhf;F
11. ,ikfis @oago vGJk; Mw;wiyf; fw;Wf;bfhz;lth; ............. PTA - 2
m) jkpHHfdhh; M) mg;ghj;Jiuahh;
,) njtneag; ghthzh; <) ,uh. ,s=;Fkudhh;
tpil: ,) ,uh/ ,s=;Fkudhh;
II. nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f. tpilfs;
1. fUk;gpd; ,iyia ______ miHg;gh;. njhif
2. ghthzh; gpwe;j Ch; ______. r=;fud;nfhtpy;
3. g{ thoa epiyia ______ miHg;gh;. brk;ky;
4. nfhl;lhd; cl;fhh;e;jjpdhy; bfl;l fhiaf; nfhl;lhd; fha; my;yJ ___ MFk; Tiff;fha;
5. jkpH;r; brhy;tsf; fl;Liuia vGjpath; ______. ghthzh;
6. nghh;r;RfPR ehl;od; jiyefh; ______. ypRgd;
7. jkpH; bkhHpf;fhf Kjy; khehL eilbgw;w ,lk; ______. brg; ?21 knyrpah
8. brhy;yhuha;r;rpapy; ghthzUk; tpae;j bgUkfdhh; ______. ,uh. ,s=;Fkudhh;
9. `jpUts;Sth; jtr;rhiy~ mike;Js;s ,lk; ______. my;Y}h;
10. jkpH;tHpj; jpUkz=;fis elj;jp tUgth; ______. ,uh. ,s=;Fkudhh;
11. ,s=;Fkudhh; cUthf;fpa E}yfk; ______. ghthzh; E}yfk;
12. tpHpfis ,Hf;f nehpl;lhy; Tlj; jha;j;jkpHpid ,He;J tplf;TlhJ ,s=;Fkudhh;
vd;W vz;zpath; ______.
13. jkpH;r;brhy;yhuha;r;rpapy; cr;rk; bjhl;lth; ______. njtneag;ghthzh;
14. cyfj; jkpH;f; fHfj;ij epWtp/ mjd; jiytuhf ,Ue;jth; ______ njtneag;ghthzh;
15. nghh;r;RfPR ehl;od; jiyefukhd ypRgdpy;/ 1554,y; fhh;oyh vd;Dk; jkpH;bkhHp
E}y; Kjd;Kjyhf bkhHpbgah;f;fg;gl;L mr;nrwpa bkhHp ______
16. nuhkd; thptotpy; mr;rplg;gl;Ls;s E}y; ______ fhh;oyh
17. ,e;jpa bkhHpfspnyna nkiy ehl;L vGj;JUtpy; Kjypy; mr;nrwpa jkpH;
bkhHp ______
18. fly;fle;J Kjd;Kjypy; mr;nrwpa jkpH; bkhHp gw;wpa Fwpg;g[ Mwhk; cyfj;jkpH;
,lk;bgw;Ws;s kyh; ______ khehl;L kyh;
19. jkpH;j; bjd;wy; jpU.tp.f nghy ,ikfis @oago vGJk; Mw;wiyf; ,s=;Fkudhh;
fw;Wf; bfhz;lth; ______
20. ,s=;Fkudhh;/ jkpHfk; KGtJk; ______ brhw;bghHpt[fis tH=;fp jpUf;Fws;
tUfpwhh;
23. kh/ g[sp/ thiH Kjypatw;wpd; ,sepiy ______ fd;W
24. rk;gh bey;ypy; kl;Lk; ______ cs;tiffs; cs;sd. mWgJ
23
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TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
1. jhtu=;fspd; ,iy tiffis vt;thW miHg;gh;>
jhtu=;fspd; ,iy :
➢ g[sp/ ntk;g[tpd; ,iy ,iy
➢ bey;/ g[y;ypd; ,iy jhs;
➢ nrhsk;/ fUk;gpd; ,iy njhif
➢ bjd;id/ gidapd; ,iy Xiy
➢ fha;e;j jhSk; njhifa[k; rz;L
➢ fha;e;j ,iy rUF
2. jhtu=;fspd; Edpg;gFjpia (bfhGe;J) vt;thW miHg;gh;>
jhtu=;fspd; Edpg;gFjp:
➢ bey;/ g[y;ypd; Edp Jsph; my;yJ jsph;/
➢ g[sp/ ntk;gpd; Edp Kwp my;yJ bfhGe;J
➢ nrhsk;/ fUk;g[/ bjd;id/ gidapd; Edp FUj;J
➢ fUk;gpd; Edpiar; bfhGe;jhil vdt[k; miHg;gh;.
3. g{tpd; epiyfisf; Fwpf;Fk; brhw;fs; ahit>
g{tpd; epiyfs; :
i) g{tpd; njhw;wepiy mUk;g[/ ii) g{ tphpaj;bjhl=;Fk; epiy nghJ/
iii) g{tpd; kyh;e;j epiy kyh; iv) ku+;broapdpd;W g{ fpnHtpGe;j epiy tP/
v) g{ thod epiy brk;ky;
4. xU ehl;lhhpd; ehfhpfj;ij mse;jwptjw;fhd tHpahJ>
jpUe;jpa kf;fis kw;w caphpdpd;Wk; gphpj;Jf; fhl;LtJ bkhHpahjypd;/ mJnt xU ehl;lhhpd;
my;yJ ,dj;jhhpd; ehfhpfj;ij mse;jwptjw;Fr;; rpwe;j tHpahFk;.
5. kjpEl;gKk; gz;ghLk; cila kf;fl;nf ,ayf;ToaJ ahJ>
bghUisf; Th;e;J nehf;fp Ez;ghFghL bra;J mtw;wpw;nfw;gg; gUg;bghUl; brhw;fSk; Ez;bghUl;
brhw;fSk; mikj;Jf;bfhs;tJ/ rpwe;j kjpEl;gKk; gz;ghLk; cila kf;fl;nf ,aYk;.
6. njtneag; ghthzhpd; gpwg;g[g; gw;wpf; TWf>
jpUbey;ntyp khtl;lk; r=;fud;nfhtpypy; 07.02.1902 md;W +hdKj;J ? ghpg{uzk; ,izaUf;F
kfdhfj; njtneag; ghthzh; gpwe;jhh;.
7. jkpH;r;brhy; tsk; Fwpj;Jf; fhy;Lbty; Fwpg;gpLk; fUj;ij vGJf. PTA - 1
➢ kpHy;yhj jpuhtpl bkhHpfspd; mfuhjpfis Muha[k; nghJ/ jkpHpYs;s xUbghUl; gybrhy;
j
thpirfs; mtw;wpy; ,y;yhf;Fiw ve;jj; jkpHwp+h;f;Fk; kpfj; bjspthfj; njhd;Wk;.
➢ jkpHpy; kl;Lk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Lj; jkpGf;nf rpwg;ghf chpadthff; fUjg;gLk; brhw;fs;
rpwg;ghf chpadthff; fUjg;gLk; brhw;fs; kl;Lkpd;wpj; bjY=;F/ fd;dlk; Kjypa gpw jpuhtpl
bkhHpfSf;Fhpadthff; fUjg;gLk; brhw;fSk; cs vd;fpwhh; fhy;Lbty;.
8. jkpH;ehl;oy; kl;Lk; tpisa[k; Ty=;fs; ahit>
➢ tuF ➢ fhilf;fz;zp ➢ Fjpiuthyp Kjypad.
9. gH=;fspd; nkw;gFjpiaf; Fwpf;f tH=;Fk; brhw;fs; ahit>
kpf bky;ypaJ bjhyp/ jpz;zkhdJ njhy;/ td;ikahdJ njhL/ kpf td;ikahdJ XL/ Riuapd;
XL FLf;if/ nj=;fha; bew;wpd; nkw;gFjp kl;il/ bey; fk;gpd; @oia ckp/ tuF nfH;tuF
Kjypatw;wpd; ckpiaf; bfhk;ik vd;W tH=;Fth;.
10. jhtu=;fspd; Fiy tiffisf; Fwpf;Fk; brhw;fs; ahit>
mtiu/ Jtiuiaf; bfhj;J/ bfho Ke;jphpiaf; Fiy/ thiHiaj; jhW/ nfH;tuF/ nrhsj;ijf;
fjph;. bey;/ jpidapid myF my;yJ Fuy;/ thiHj; jhw;wpd; gFjpiar; rPg;g[ vd;Wk; tH=;Fth;.
26
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fw;git fw;wgpd;...
1. gpd;tUk; epytiffspd; bgah;fSf;fhd fhuz=;fisf; nfl;lwpe;J tFg;giwapy; gfph;f.
jhpR ?
gaphplg;glhj epyk;. btWknd btWk; g[y; g{z;Lfs; Kisj;Jf; fhzg;gLfpd;w
epyk;.
rpty; ?
bre;epyk;. rptg;g[ kz; mjpfk; epiwe;j ey;y gaphplg;glf;Toa epyk;. tptrhaj;jpw;F
Vw;w epyk;.
fhpry; ?
jz;zPiu cwp+;Rk; jd;ik bfhz;lJ. gUj;jp/ fUk;g[/ thiH/ cSe;J nghd;w
gaph;fs; tsUk;. Mw;Wg; gs;sj;jhf;FfspYk; jhH;epyg; gFjpfspYk; tskpf;f
kz;zhf cs;sJ.
Kuk;g[ ? gUf;iff; fw;fs; mjpfk; cs;s nkl;Lepyk;. tptrhaj;jpw;F Vw;w ,lk; ,y;iy.
g[wk;nghf;F ?
Ch;g;g[wj;jpy; Fofs; thrk; ,y;yhj gFjp.
Rty; ? nklhd ,lk;. gaphplKoahj ePh; tsk; ,y;yhj ,lk;.
mty; ? ey;y gs;skhd epyk;. ePh;tuj;J mjpfKs;s tpisepyk;.
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brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
Ja;g;gJ ? fw;gJ/ jUjy; MHp ? fly;
nktyhy; ? bghUe;Jjy;/bgWjy; ,iz ? rkk;/ bghUj;jk;
epj;jk; ? vg;bghGJk;
jpwd; mwpnthk;
xU kjpg;bgz; tpdh
I. gyt[s; bjhpf. (ghl E}y; tpdh)
1. `bkj;j tzpfyd;~ vd;Dk; bjhlhpy; jkpHHfdhh; Fwpg;gpLtJ.
m) tzpff; fg;gy;fSk; Ik;bgUk; fhg;gpa=;fSk; M) bgUk; tzpfKk; bgUk; fyd;fSk;
,) Ik;bgUk; fhg;gpa=;fSk; mzpfyd;fSk;; <) tzpff; fg;gy;fSk; mzpfyd;fSk;
tpil: m) tzpff; fg;gy;fSk; Ik;bgUk;fhg;gpa=;fSk;
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
1. Kj;jkpH; vd;gijg; gphpj;jhy; ,t;thW tUk;.
m) Kj; + jkpH; M) @d;W+ jkpH; ,) @+ jkpH; <) @j;j+ jkpH;
tpil: M) @d;W + jkpH;
2. Kr;r=;fk; vd;gij ????????????? vdg; gphpf;fyhk;.
m) Kr; + r=;fk; M) K+ r=;fk; ,) @d;W+ r=;fk;; <) @j;j+ r=;fk;
tpil: ,)@d;W + r=;fk;
II. nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f. tpilfs;
1. ,ay;/,ir/ehlfk; Mfpa @d;Wk; ______ MFk; Kj;jkpH;
2. ______ r=;f=;fs; mikj;Jj; jkpH; tsh;e;jJ. @d;W
3. MHp vd;gjd; bghUs; ______ . fly;
4. r=;Ffs; _____ tiffspy; fpilf;Fk;. @d;W
5. g[yth; gyhpd; ghly;fspd; bjhFg;g[ ______ miHf;fg;gLk;. jdpg;ghly;jpul;L
6. re;jf;ftpkzp vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLgth; ______. jkpHHfdhh;
7. jkpHHfdhhpd; ,aw;bgah; ______. rz;KfRe;juk;
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TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
1. Kj;jkpH;/ Kr;r=;fk; tpsf;fk; jUf>
➢ jkpHhdJ ,ay; jkpH;/ ,irj; jkpH;/ ehlfj; jkpH; vd Kj;jkpHha; tsk; bgw;Wj; jpfH;fpwJ.
➢
Kjy; r=;fk;/ ,ilr;r=;fk;/filr;r=;fk; vd;w Kr;r=;f=;fshy; jkpH; tsh;f;fg;gl;lJ.
2. Ik;bgUk; fhg;gpa=;fs; ahit> nk ?2022
➢ rpyg;gjpfhuk; ➢ kzpnkfiy ➢ rPtfrpe;jhkzp
➢ tisahgjp ➢ Fz;lynfrp
3. fly; vtw;iwj; jUfpwJ>
➢ fly;/ Kj;jpida[k; mkpH;jj;jpida[k; jUfpwJ.
➢ btz;r=;F/ ry+;ryk;/gh+;rrd;ak; Mfpa @d;W tifahd r=;Ffisj; jUfpwJ.
4. ,ul;Lw bkhHpjy; tpsf;fk; jUf>
➢ xU brhy;nyh/brhw;bwhlnuh ,U bghUs; gl tUtJ ,ul;Lw bkhHpjy; MFk;. ,jidr; rpnyil
vd;Wk; TWth;.
➢ bra;a[spYk; ciueilapYk; nkilg; ngr;rpYk; rpnyilfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
VIII. rpW tpdh (ghl E}y; tpdh)
1. jkpHHfdhh; jkpiHa[k; fliya[k; ,ul;LwbkhHpa[k; gh=;fpid tpsf;Ff. PTA - 6
jkpH; fly;
➢ jkpHhdJ ,ay;/ ,ir/ ehlfk; vd ➢ fly; Kj;jpida[k; mkpH;jpida[k; jUfpwJ.
Kj;jkpHha; tsh;e;jJ. ➢ btz;r=;F/ ry+;ryk;/ gh+;rrd;ak; Mfpa
➢ Kjy;/ ,il/ fil/ Mfpa Kr;r=;f=;fshy; @d;W tifahd r=;Ffisj; jUfpwJ.
tsh;f;fg;gl;lJ
➢ Ik;bgU=;fhg;gpa=;fis ➢ fly; kpFjpahd tzpff; fg;gy;fs; bry;Yk;
mzpfyd;fshfg; bgw;W mHF jUfpwJ. go tHp jUfpwJ.
➢ r=;fg; gyifapy; mkh;e;jpUe;j ➢ jd; miyfshy; r=;fpidj; jLj;J epWj;jpf;
r=;fg;g[yth;fshy; fhf;fg;gl;lJ. fhf;fpwJ.
,t;thW jkpHHfdhh; jkpiHa[k; fliya[k; ,ul;LwbkhHpe;J TWfpwhh;.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
1. re;jf; ftpkzp jkpHHfdhh; ?Mrphpah; Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
¾¾re;jf; ftpkzp vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; jkpHHfdhhpd; ,aw;bgah; rz;Kf Re;juk.;
¾¾,yf;fzg; g[yika[k; ,sk; tajpy; bra;a[s; ,aw;Wk; Mw;wYk; bgw;wth;.
¾¾ ,th; gd;dpuz;L rpw;wpyf;fpa E}y;fisg; gilj;Js;shh;.
fw;git fw;wgpd;...
1.
m) fhiy neuk; xU epfH;r;rpf;fhfj; bjhlh;tz;oapy; te;J ,w=;fpdhh; jkpHwp+h;
fp.th.$fe;ehjd;. mtiu khiyapl;L tuntw;wdh;. mg;nghJ fp.th.$./ ``mlnl
fhiyapnyna khiya[k; te;Jtpl;lnj-~~ vd;whh;. vy;nyhUk; me;jr; brhy;ypd; rpnyilr;
rpwg;ig kpft[k; Ritj;jdh;.
M) ,ir tpkhprfh; Rg;g[Ltpd; tpkhprd=;fspy; eakhd rpnyilfs; fhzg;gLk;. xU Kiw
xU bghpa tpj;JthDila ,ir epfH;r;rpia tpkhprdk; bra;a[k; nghJ mth; Fwpg;gpl;lJ:
``md;W fr;nrhpapy; mtUila fhjpYk; fk;ky;/ FuypYk; fk;ky;~~.
,) jkpHwp+h; fp.M.bg. tpRtehjd; gy; kUj;Jtj;jpy; rpwg;g[g; gl;lk; bgw;w ez;gh; xUtiu
mwpKfk; bra;J itj;jnghJ ``,th; gy;Jiw tpj;jfh;~~ vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhh;.
,itnghd;w gy rpnyilg; ngr;Rfis eP=;fs; nfl;oUg;gPh;fs;. mtw;iwj; bjhFj;Jr;
brhy;ea=;fisg; gjpt[ bra;J fye;JiuahLf.
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,ay; tphpthdk;
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mBwpizia cah;jpizaha;
,yf;fzj;jpy; bjhy;fhg;gpah; mBwpizg; bghUs;fs; brhy;YtJk; nfl;gJk; epfH;fpd;wJ.
(bjhy;.192). ,ijj; jw;fhyj;jpy; jkpH;j; bjd;wy; jpU.tp.f mjpfkhf vGjpa[s;shh;.``nrhiyapy;
g[Fntd;" ku=;fs; Tg;gpLk;;" tpUe;J itf;Fk;" Myku epHypy; mkh;ntd;;. My;/~~ tpGijg; ghh;. me;j
muRf;F ,BJ cz;lh> vd;Wk; muR fz;zpw;gLk; `ahd; tpGjpd;wp thDw X=;fp epw;fpnwd;/ vd;id
kf;fs; Rw;wpr; bry;fpwhh;fs;. fhz; ~~ vd;Wk; vGjpdhh;.
Kuz;ghL bka;k;ik
Kuz;gl;l brhw;fisr; nrh;j;J vKJtJ ciueil vKJtjpd; kw;bwhU cj;jpahFk;. fyg;gpy;yhj
bgha;~ ,ijr; `brhy;Kuz;~ (oxymoron) vd;Wk; vjpUk; g[jpUkhd Kuz;gLk; fUj;Jfis mikj;J
vGJtij `vjphpiz ,irt[~ (Antithesis) vd;fpnwhk;. mnjnghy; gog;gjw;F Kuz;gLtJnghy;
,Uf;Fk;;: cz;ikapy; Kuz;glhj bka;k;ikiar; brhy;tJ Kuz;ghL bka;k;ik (paradox) vd;w
cj;jpfSk; ciueil vGJk;nghJ gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
czh;r;rp btspg;ghL
tpiljuntz;oa njit ,y;yhky; nfs;tpapnyna gjpy; ,Ug;gijg; nghyt[k; vGJtJ czh;r;rp
btspg;ghl;Lf;F cjt[k; vd;gjw;Fg; bghpahiug; gw;wp mwp+h; mz;zh Twpaijr; rhd;W fhl;lyhk;.
`` mth; (bghpahh;) ngrhj ehs;; cz;lh> Fuy; nfl;fhj Ch; cz;lh> mthplk; rpf;fpj; jpzwhj gHik
cz;lh>......~~. nkYk; ``,e;jpah jhd; vd;Dila nkhl;rk;: ,e;jpahtpd; ed;;ik jhd; vd; ed;ik.
,e;jpah jhd; vd; ,sikapd; bkj;ij : vd; bastdj;jpd; ee;jtdk;: vd; fpHf;fhyj;jpd; fhrp~~
vd;W ghujp jk; ehl;il czh;r;rp bgh=;fg;ghLtJ czh;r;rp btspg;ghl;ow;Fr; rhd;whFk;.
Kot[iu:
,t;thW r=;fg;g[ytDk; ,izaj;jkpHDk; jkpH; ciueilapd; cj;jpfisa[k; mJ vt;thW
jd;Dila ghpzhk tsh;r;rpia vl;oaJ vd;gijg; gw;wpa[k; fye;Jiuahodh;/ vd;gij
kh.,uhkyp=;fk; (v) vHpy;Kjy;td; jk;Kila g[jpa ciueil vd;w E}ypd; tHpahf ekf;F
tpsf;Ffpwhh;.
fw;git fw;wgpd;...
1. eP=;fs; goj;jtw;Ws; epidtpy; eP=;fh ,lk; bgw;w ,yf;fpaj; bjhlh;fs;/ ea=;fis vGJf.
,yf;fpaj; bjhlh; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s eak;
v.fh. cs;s=;if bey;ypf;fdp nghy ctik
1 mdypilg;gl;l g[Gitg; nghy ctik
2 ,yt[ fhj;j fpsp nghy ctik
3 moaw;w kuk; nghy ctik
4 kyUk; kzKk; nghy ctik
5 Kjiyf; fz;zPh; toj;jhd; cUtfk;
6 gRkuj;jhzp nghy ctik
2. bfhLj;j jiyg;gpy; ngRnthk;.
jiyg;g[ ? neuk; jtph;f;f ntz;oa brhy; ? fofhuk;.
Fwpg;g[ ? x
U epkplk; ngr ntz;Lk;. jkpH;r;brhw;fis kl;Lk; gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;.
Ie;J tpdhofSf;Fnky; ,ilbtsp ,Uj;jy; TlhJ. ,J nghd;w ntW ntW
jiyg;g[fspy; tFg;giwapy; ngrpg; gHFf.
ehk; neuj;ij ey;yKiwapy; gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;. neuj;ijj; jd; fl;Lg;ghl;oy; itj;Jf;
bfhz;lhy; jhd;ehk; gaDs;stw;iwf; Fwpg;gpl;l neuj;jpy; bra;J Kof;f Koa[k;/ fhyk; bghd;
nghd;wJ vd;gij czh;e;J bray;gLnthk;. ek; flikfisr; rpwg;g[wr; bra;J khz;g[Wnthk;.
jiyg;g[ ? neha;
jtph;f;f ntz;oa brhy; ? kUj;Jth;/
xt;bthUf;Fk; VjhtJ xU neha;/ Jd;gk; je;J bfhz;nl ,Uf;fpwJ. ehk; nehapd; jd;ik/
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neha;f;fhd fhuzk; nghd;wtw;iw mwpe;J bray;gl ntz;Lk; ``neha; eho neha; Kjy; eho mJ
jzpf;Fk; tha; eho tha;g;gr; bray;~~ vd;fpwhh; ts;Sth;.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
1. btspehl;oy; ntiy bra;Jbfhz;oUf;Fk; jhiag; gphpe;jpUf;Fk; kfs; ______
tUe;jpf;bfhz;oUe;jhs;. ? tpLgl;l ,lj;jpy; bghUj;jkhd cikiag; gad;gLj;jpj;
bjhliu epiwt[ bra;f. PTA - 6
m) jhkiu ,iy ePh;nghy; M) thiHao thiHahf
,) fz;zpidf; fhf;Fk; ,ik nghy; <) kiHKfk; fhzhg; gaph;nghy
tpil: <) kiHKfk; fhzhg; gaph;nghy
,ay; fw;fz;L
1 vGj;J/ brhy;
jpwd; mwpnthk;
I. gyt[s; bjhpf.
1. `nfl;lth; kfpHg; ghoa ghly; ,J~ ? bjhlhpy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s bjhHpw;bgaUk;
tpidahyiza[k; bgaUk; Kiwna ______ PTA - 3
m) ghoa " nfl;lth; M) ghly; " ghoa ,) nfl;lth; " ghoa <) ghly; " nfl;lth;
tpil: <) ghly; " nfl;lth;
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
1. rhh;bgGj;Jfs; ______ tifg;gLk;.
m) vl;L M) gj;J ,) Ie;J <) MW tpil: M) gj;J
2. msbgil ______ tifg;gLk;.
m) @d;W M) ,uz;L ,) ehd;F <) MW
tpil: M) ,uz;L
3. xU brhy; jdpj;J epd;W bghUs; jUtJ ______ vdg;gLk;.
m) jdpbkhHp M) bjhlh;bkhHp ,) bghJbkhHp <) tUbkhHp
tpil: m) jdpbkhHp
4. tpFjp bgwhky; tpidg;gFjpna bjhHpw;bgauhjy; ______ MFk;.
m) Kjdpiy jphpe;j bjhHpw;bgah; M) Kjdpiyj; bjhHpw;bgah;
,) tpidahyiza[k; bgah; <) jdpj;bjhlh;
tpil: M) Kjdpiyj; bjhHpw;bgah;.
5. bra;a[spir msbgilia ______ vdt[k; miHg;gh;
m) capusbgil M) brhy;ypirasbgil
,) ,irepiw msbgil <) ,d;dpir msbgil
tpil: ,) ,irepiw msbgil
6. cudir, ,jpy; gapd;W tUk; msbgil ______ PTA - 6
m) brhy;ypir msbgil M) bra;a[spir msbgil
,) ,d;dpir msbgil <) xw;wsbgil
tpil: m) brhy;ypir msbgil
7. vBBfpy=;fpa ? btBFthh;f;fpy;iy ? ,tw;wpy; gapd;W tUk; msbgil ______ PTA - 6
m) brhy;ypir msbgil M) bra;a[spir msbgil
,) ,d;dpir msbgil <) xw;wsbgil tpil: <) xw;wsbgil
36
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bkhHpia Ms;nthk;
I. goj;Jr; Ritf;f
ghlypy;/ kuk; vd;Dk; brhy;/ ,lj;jpw;nfw;gg; bghUs; jUtjha; 11 ,l=;fspy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;sJ.
bghUs;fisg; bghUj;jpg; goj;Jr; Ritf;f
``kukJ1 kuj;jpy2; Vwp murd; Fjpiuapy; Vwp
kukijj; njhspy; itj;J
3 ntypidj; njhspy; itj;J
kukJ kuj;ijf; fz;L
4 5 murd; g[ypiaf; fz;L
kuj;jp dhy; kuj;ijf; Fj;jp
6 7 ntypdhy; g[ypiaf; Fj;jp
kukJ tHpna brd;W
8 fhl;odJ tHpna brd;W
tskidf; nfFk; nghJ tskidf; nfFk; nghJ
kukJ fz;l khjh;
9 muridf; fz;l khjh;
kuKld; kuk; vLj;jhh;~~
10 11 Muj;jp vLj;jhh;
→ jdpg;ghly; jpul;L → Re;juftpuhrh;
1. If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in
his own language that goes to his heart. - Nelson Mandela.
xU kdpjdplk; VjhtJ xU bkhHpapy; ngrpdhy;/ mJ mtdJ jiyapy; brd;W gjpe;JtpLk; :
Mdhy; mtdJ jha;bkhHpapy; ngrpdhy; ehk; ngRtJ mtdJ ,jaj;jpy; gjpe;J tpLk;.
→ bey;rd; kz;nlyh
2. Language is the road map of a culture. It tells you where its people come from and where
they are going - Rita Mae Brown.
bkhHp ehfhpfj;ijf; fhl;Lfpd;w tHp: mJ kf;fis v=;fpUe;J te;jhh;fs;: v=;Fr; bry;fpwhh;fs;
vd;gijj; bjspt[gLj;Jk;. → hplh nk gpbusd;
III. re;jf; ftpijapy; te;j gpiHfisj; jpUj;Jf. PTA - 5 nk ?2022
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fd;dpj; jkpH;
``jkpH; v=;fs; ,sikf;Fg; ghy;~~ vd;whh; ghujpjhrd;. fhyk; gy fle;jhYk; jkpHhdJ vd;Wk;
,sikaha;/ tsikaha; fd;dpj;jkpHha;j; jpfH;fpwJ. jkpHpd; ,sik/ brGik/ tsik vd;Wk;
tsh;e;j tz;zkha; cs;sJ.
gps;isj;jkpH;
jiytidnah flt[isnah FHe;ijahfg; ghtpj;J/ gj;Jg; gUt=;fshf mikj;Jg; ghLtJ
gps;isj; jkpHhFk;. gUtj;jpw;Fg; gj;Jg;ghly;fshf E}W ghly;fshy; ghlg;gLtJ gps;isj;jkpH;.
xl;lf;Tj;jh; ghoa ,uz;lhk; Fnyhj;J=;fd; gps;isj; jkpH; fhyj;jhy; Kw;gl;lJ. FkuFUguh; ghoa
kPdhl;rpak;ik gps;isj; jkpH;/ Kj;Jf;FkhuRthkp gps;isj;jkpH; epfuw;w jkpH; ,yf;fpa=;fshFk;.
rjfj;jkpH;
E}W ghly; bfhz;l E}Yf;Fr; rjfk; vd;W bgah;. khzpf;fthrfhpd; jpUr;rjfnk Kjw;rjfkhFk;.
,J cs;sKUFk; gf;jpg; ghl;lhFk;. gHbkhHpfs;/ ePjpbewpKiwfs;/ ,iwtd; Jjp ghLk; fUj;Jfs;
nghd;wit rjfg; ghly;fspd; jdpr; rpwg;g[fshFk;.
guzpj; jkpH;:
``Mid Mapuk; mkhpil btd;w
khdtDf;F tFg;gJ guzp~~ vd ,yf;fz tpsf;fg; ghl;oay; guzpf;F ,yf;fzk; jUfpwJ.
nghh;f;fs btw;wpiag; g[fH;e;J ghLtnj guzpahFk;. bra=;bfhz;lhh; ghoa fyp=;fj;Jg; guzpna
fhyj;jhy; Kw;;gl;ljhFk;.
fyk;gfj; jkpH;:
gy;ntW cWg;g[fisf; bfhz;L mfKk; g[wKkha;f; fye;J/ gy;ntW ghtpd=;fshy; ghlg;gLtJ
fyk;gfk;. fyk;+gfk; vdg; gphpj;Jf; fyk; vd;gJ gd;dpuz;L vd;Wk;/ gfk; vd;why; mjpy; ghjp
vd;Wk; bfhz;L gjpbdl;L cWg;g[fisf; bfhz;L ghlg;gLtJ fyk;gfkhFk;/ ee;jpf;fyk;gfnk
Kjw;fyk;gfkhFk;.
cyh tUk; jkpH;:
murh;fs; cyh tUk; nghJ VG gUt k=;ifaUk; fz;L fhjy; bfhz;L ka=;Ftjhfg; ghLtJ
cyh ,yf;fpakhFk;. ``CbuhL njhw;wKk; chpj;bjd bkhHpg~~ vd;w bjhy;fhg;gpa E}w;gh cyh
,yf;fpaj;ijg; gw;wpna Fwpf;fpwJ.
me;jhjp:
xU ghlypd; ,Wjpapy; cs;s vGj;J mir/ rPh;/ mo/ ahbjDk; xd;W mLj;j ghlypd; Kjypy; tUk;go
mikj;Jg;ghLtJ me;jhjp vdg;gLk;. jkpHpy; me;jhjp ,yf;fpa tifna kpFjp/ tpUj;jnk ,jd;
ahg;g[ totkhFk;.
nfhitj; jkpH;:
xU ghl;ow;Fk; mLj;j ghl;ow;Fk; epfH;r;rp thpir mike;j fij nghy mikj;J vGJtJ nfhitahh;
g[fH;bgw;w ,yf;fpar; bry;tkhFk;. bgha;ahbkhHpg; g[ytuhy; ghlg;gl;l j+;irthzd; nfhit
g[fH; bgw;w E}yhFk;.
Kot[iu:
rhd;nwhh; gyuhy; gy;tif ,yf;fpa=;fs; gh=;fha; tsh;e;jd. ,yf;fpa tot=;fisj; je;j
rhd;nwhh;fs; jkpiH tsh;g;gjpy; jdp <LghL bfhz;L bray;gl;ldh;.
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Riteak; :
``ehtpw;F mWRit-
ew;ghtpw;F vz;Rit--
``eifna mGif ,sptuy; kUl;if
mr;rk; bgUkpjk; btFsp ctif ? vd
mg;ghbyl;nl bka;g; ghbld;g~~
? vd;gjw;nfw;g ,g;ghlypy; ``khe;jUf;F ,U fzh ta=;F ed; bkhHpna~~ vd;W
bgUkpjr; Rit kpFe;Js;sijf; fhzyhk;.
mzpeak; :
``gzpapy;yh tdpija[k;
mzpapy;yhr; bra;a[Sk; rpwf;fhJ~~.
vdnt ``nfhtpYf;F kzp mHF~~
bra;a[Sf;F mzp mHF vd;gJnghy; ,r;bra;a[spy; brhy;yzpeak; kpsph;e;Js;sJ.
(v.fh.) ``thdpDk; X=;fpa tz;lkpH; bkhHpna~~ ? vd;W thdj;ij tpl cah;e;j tsikahd jkpH;
bkhHpna vd;W cah;t[ etpw;rpahf kpifg;gLj;jpg; ghlg;gl;Ls;sjhy; ,g;ghly; rpwf;fpwJ.
Kot[iu :
,t;thW ,g;ghlypy; vJif/ nkhidj; bjhilfSk; brhy;eak;/ bghUs; eak;/
mzpea=;fSk; rpwg;g[w mike;J/ fw;nghiuf; fth;e;J/ tpaf;f itf;fpwJ.
bkhHpnahL tpisahL
I. brhw;fis ,izj;Jg; g[jpa brhw;fis cUthf;Ff. PTA - 1
njd;/ tpsf;;F/ kiH/ tpz;/ kzp/ tpy=;F/ bra;/ nkfiy/ thd;/ bghd;/ g{(v.fh) g{kzp
bghd;kzp/ kzpnkfiy/ njd; kiH/ thd; kiH/ bghd; tpsf;F/ g{tpy=;F/ g{kiH/ g{kzp/
bra;thd;/ bra;njd;/ bghd;tpy=;F.
II. Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L tpdhtpnyna tpil ,Ug;gJ nghd;W tpdhj;bjhlh;fs; mikf;f
Fwspd;gk;/ Ritf;fhj ,sePh;/ fhg;gpar; Rit/ kdpjFy nkd;ik/ tpLKiwehs;.
(v.fh.) Fwspd;gj;jpy; jpisf;fhj jkpHd; cz;lh>
1. Ritf;fhj ,sePuhy; gandJk; cz;lh>
2. fhg;gpar; Ritapd; mUikia mwpahjhh; ahh;>
3. kdpj Fy nkd;ikapd; kfj;Jtj;ij mwpahjhh; csnuh>
4. tpLKiw ehs; nghy; kfpH;r;rp jUk; ehs; ntW cz;lh>
III. vz;Qg;bgah;fisf; fz;L/ jkpH; vz;fspy; vGJf.
bra;a[s; mo vz;Qg; bgah; jkpH; vz;
ehw;wpira[k; bry;yhj ehoy;iy ehd;F r
vWk;g[e;jd; ifahy; vz;rhz;; vl;L m
Ie;Jrhy;g[ Cd;wpa J}z; Ie;J U
MYk; ntYk; gy;Yf;FWjp/ ehYk; ,uz;Lk; brhy;Yf;FcWjp ehd;F/ ,uz;L r/ c
PTA - 2
Mid Mapuk; mkhpil btd;w khdtDf;F tFg;gJ guzp Mapuk; f 000
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¼¼ ¼¼
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