Test Bank for Psychology in Modules Eleventh Edition

Test Bank for Psychology in Modules Eleventh

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Module 15: Multiple Choice 1

1. Those who are NOT sexually attracted to either sex are described as
a. asexual.
b. paraphilic.
c. refractory.
d. habituated.
ANSWER: a

2. Kayla has never felt sexually attracted to another person. She can best be described as
a. bisexual.
b. intersex.
c. transgender.
d. asexual.
ANSWER: d

3. Having no sexual attraction to others is referred to as

a. bisexual.
b. asexual.
c. heterosexual.
d. homosexual.
ANSWER: b

4. Which of the following is NOT actually a need?

a. hunger
b. thirst
c. sex
d. security
ANSWER: c

5. The sex hormone secreted in greater amounts by females than by males is

a. estradiol.
b. testosterone.
c. HPV.
d. serotonin.
ANSWER: a

6. At what points in the life span are sex hormones most likely to influence us?
a. during prenatal development
b. during pubertal development
c. during both prenatal and pubertal development
d. neither during prenatal nor pubertal development
ANSWER: c
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Module 15: Multiple Choice 1

7. Fifteen-year-old Juan is experiencing an increase in the hormone ________, which causes his sexual arousal
to ________.
a. estrogen; increase
b. estrogen; decrease
c. testosterone; increase
d. testosterone; decrease
ANSWER: c

8. By injecting female animals with estrogens, researchers can increase the animals'
a. necrophilia.
b. refractory period.
c. sexual receptiveness.
d. habituation.
ANSWER: c

9. In most nonhuman mammals, female sexual receptivity is greatest when

a. testosterone levels are lowest.
b. testosterone levels are highest.
c. estrogen levels are lowest.
d. estrogen levels are highest.
ANSWER: d

10. Male hamsters that have their testes surgically removed ________ much of their interest in receptive
females. These same hamsters ________ sexual interest if injected with testosterone.
a. retain; show excessively high levels of
b. gradually lose; slowly regain
c. retain; show no change in
d. gradually lose; fail to regain
ANSWER: b

11. Senora is a 4-year-old female cat whose estrogen levels have surged. She is yowling to be let out of the
house. Her owner would be correct in understanding that Senora is experiencing
a. a sexual dysfunction.
b. a refractory period.
c. ovulation.
d. plateau.
ANSWER: c

12. Research on sex hormones and human sexual behavior indicates that
a. sexual desire rises slightly at ovulation among women with mates.
b. adult men who have been castrated show virtually no reduction in sex drive.
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Module 15: Multiple Choice 1

c. sexual interests are aroused by decreased testosterone levels in women and increased testosterone
levels in men.
d. imprisoned male sex offenders typically experience lower-than-normal testosterone levels.
ANSWER: a

13. Marge is married, and her sexual desire has increased slightly lately. Her husband has noticed this change
just based on changes in her voice and behaviors. Some evidence suggests that ________ may be related to this
slight increase in sexual desire.
a. a decrease in testosterone
b. removal of the adrenal glands
c. ovulation
d. menopause
ANSWER: c

14. More than in other mammalian females, the sexual drive in human females is responsive to their ________
levels.
a. estradiol
b. estrogen
c. serotonin
d. testosterone
ANSWER: d

15. Forty-year-old Tanisha is happily married. However, she has been feeling much less interested in sexual
activities since her ovaries were removed. Which of the following might be causing this?
a. a drop in her testosterone level
b. an increase in her testosterone level
c. an increase in estrogen levels
d. an increase in prolactin levels
ANSWER: a

16. Sixteen-year-old Rashad is on his high school diving team. While they are practicing, a group of girls from
the girls' swim team stop by. Rashad immediately tries increasingly risky dives while the girls watch. If
Rashad's hormone levels were checked at that time we are likely to find
a. a drop in his testosterone level.
b. an increase in his testosterone level.
c. an increase in estrogen levels.
d. an increase in serotonin levels.
ANSWER: b

17. Dwayne has abnormally low testosterone levels. What can be expected if he undergoes testosterone-
replacement therapy?
a. He will experience an increase in sexual desire and energy.
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Module 15: Multiple Choice 1

b. He will experience an increase in sexual desire but a decrease in energy.

c. He will experience a decrease in sexual desire and energy.
d. He will experience a decrease in sexual desire but an increase in energy.
ANSWER: a

18. There exists a bidirectional relationship between sexual arousal and testosterone levels. Which of the
following best describes that relationship?
a. Decreased testosterone levels can be a cause and a consequence of sexual activity.
b. Increased sexual arousal is related to fluctuations in testosterone levels.
c. Decreased sexual activity is directly related to variations in testosterone levels of men only.
d. Sexual arousal can be a cause and a consequence of increased testosterone levels.
ANSWER: d

19. As estrogen and testosterone levels fall in later life, the frequency of intercourse ________ and the
frequency of sexual fantasies ________.
a. decreases; decreases
b. decreases: remains the same.
c. remains the same; decreases
d. remains the same; remains the same
ANSWER: a

20. Adult men who suffer castration typically experience ________testosterone levels, and adult male sex
offenders who take Depo-Provera typically experience ________ testosterone levels.
a. decreased; increased
b. normal; increased
c. decreased; decreased
d. normal; decreased
ANSWER: c

21. Who recorded the physiological responses of volunteers who came to their research lab to either masturbate
or have intercourse?
a. Masters and Johnson
b. Haselton and Gildersleeve
c. Hucker and Bain
d. Stockton and Murnen
ANSWER: a

22. In their effort to describe the stages of the human sexual response, researchers Masters and Johnson
a. observed chimps and monkeys engaging in sex.
b. interviewed married couples who were randomly selected from the U.S. population.
c. interviewed only married couples who had regular sex.

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Module 15: Multiple Choice 1

d. directly observed people engaging in sex in their laboratories.

ANSWER: d

23. Janice and Tre are kissing and caressing each other. They are both sexually aroused and decide to engage in
intercourse. According to Masters and Johnson, the correct order of the stages of the sexual response cycle the
two of them will experience is
a. plateau, excitement, orgasm, and resolution.
b. resolution, excitement, plateau, and orgasm.
c. excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
d. orgasm, excitement, plateau, and resolution.
ANSWER: c

24. The first stage of the sexual response cycle is

a. a refractory period.
b. an excitement stage.
c. a plateau stage.
d. orgasm.
ANSWER: b

25. During the ________, the genital areas become engorged with blood, a woman's vagina expands and
secretes lubricant, and her breast and nipples may enlarge.
a. plateau phase
b. resolution phase
c. excitement phase
d. orgasm
ANSWER: c

26. Sonya's genital areas have become engorged with blood and her vagina is expanding and secreting lubricant,
as her breast and nipples enlarge from her boyfriend's caresses and soft kisses. Sonya is in the
a. plateau phase.
b. resolution phase.
c. excitement phase.
d. orgasm.
ANSWER: c

27. During ________, excitement peaks as breathing, pulse, and blood pressure rates continue to increase.
a. the plateau phase
b. the resolution phase
c. the excitement phase
d. orgasm
ANSWER: a

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Module 15: Multiple Choice 1

28. Research on the sexual response cycle indicates that
a. men and women experience an equally long refractory period following orgasm.
b. women undergo a decrease in physiological arousal more slowly if they have experienced orgasm
than if they have not.
c. enough sperm may be released prior to male orgasm to enable conception.
d. during the resolution phase, sexual excitement increases in women but decreases in men.
ANSWER: c

29. Masters and Johnson identified orgasm as the ________ phase of the sexual response cycle.
a. first
b. second
c. third
d. fourth
ANSWER: c

30. The descriptions of orgasm written by men and women are ________, and the subcortical brain regions
active in men and women during orgasm are ________.
a. different; similar
b. similar; different
c. different; different
d. similar; similar
ANSWER: d

31. During the resolution stage of the sexual response cycle, people are most likely to experience a rapid
decrease in arousal if
a. they have just experienced orgasm.
b. they have not used contraceptives.
c. their refractory period is unusually short.
d. their sexual interaction has not resulted in conception.
ANSWER: a

32. The refractory period is the

a. moment before orgasm during which sexual arousal is maintained at a fairly high level.
b. stage of the sexual response cycle during which sexual excitation reaches its climax.
c. span of the monthly female reproductive cycle during which ovulation occurs.
d. time span after orgasm during which a man cannot be aroused to another orgasm.
ANSWER: d

33. Unlike men, women are capable of experiencing two or more orgasms within a fairly short time span
because of their
a. female orgasmic disorder.
b. more romantic fantasies.
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Module 15: Multiple Choice 1

c. briefer refractory periods.

d. differences in the sexual response cycle.
ANSWER: c

34. Eddie and his wife Lesley have just shared a fulfilling sexual experience. Unlike Lesley, Eddie probably
won't be able to experience another orgasm for some time. This stage of the sexual response cycle is called
a. the plateau stage.
b. orgasm.
c. the resolution stage.
d. the excitement stage.
ANSWER: c

35. A problem that consistently interferes with one's ability to complete the sexual response cycle is called a(n)
a. STI.
b. paraphilia.
c. sexual dysfunction.
d. refractory period.
ANSWER: c

36. Ty went to see his doctor because he has difficulty maintaining an erection and experiencing orgasm. Ty
most clearly is experiencing
a. premature ejaculation.
b. HPV.
c. a sexual dysfunction.
d. a paraphilia.
ANSWER: c

37. Female orgasmic disorder is one form of

a. erotic plasticity.
b. paraphilia.
c. refractory period.
d. sexual dysfunction.
ANSWER: d

38. Alicia is distressed because she experiences recurrent vaginal pain that interferes with sexual intercourse.
Her difficulty best illustrates a(n)
a. refractory period.
b. sexual dysfunction.
c. paraphilia.
d. erotic plasticity.
ANSWER: b
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Module 15: Multiple Choice 1

39. A man who consistently reaches a sexual climax before he or his sexual partner wishes is experiencing
a. erectile disorder.
b. a paraphilia.
c. premature ejaculation.
d. orgasmic disorder.
ANSWER: c

40. A woman who experiences distress due to a persistent inability to reach a sexual climax during prolonged
sexual intercourse is most likely suffering from
a. pedophilia.
b. a habituation.
c. erotic plasticity.
d. female orgasmic disorder.
ANSWER: d

41. Kamil, a 33-year-old lawyer, experiences premature ejaculation. Through behaviorally oriented therapy, he
would most likely learn to minimize his problem by
a. engaging in sexual activity less frequently.
b. eliminating his high level of sexual guilt.
c. uncovering the unconscious fears that underlie his problem.
d. learning ways to control his urge to ejaculate.
ANSWER: d

42. Since 1998, Viagra has been a highly successful treatment for
a. female orgasmic disorder.
b. premature ejaculation.
c. erectile disorder.
d. paraphilias.
ANSWER: c

43. Recurrent sexually arousing fantasies and behaviors involving nonhuman objects is an indication of a(n)
a. refractory period.
b. sexual dysfunction.
c. erectile disorder.
d. paraphilia.
ANSWER: d

44. People with paraphilias experience sexual desire that is directed in unusual ways. For example, in
necrophilia, the person
a. has a sexual attraction to corpses.
b. experiences sexual arousal toward young children.

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Module 15: Multiple Choice 1

c. has a constant urge to ejaculate.

d. derives pleasure from self-exposure.
ANSWER: a

45. Despite being arrested for indecent exposure in a public setting, Max continues to experience the urge to
sexually expose himself to unsuspecting strangers. His difficulty best illustrates a(n)
a. refractory period.
b. STI.
c. sexual dysfunction.
d. paraphilia.
ANSWER: d

46. Pedophilia is an example of

a. a paraphilia.
b. an erectile disorder.
c. premature ejaculation.
d. the older-brother effect.
ANSWER: a

47. Mr. York is a middle-aged adult who is distressed by his frequent sexually arousing fantasies involving
sexual interactions with girls who have not yet entered puberty. His difficulty best illustrates
a. pedophilia.
b. a refractory period.
c. a sexual dysfunction.
d. the older-brother effect.
ANSWER: a

48. Which of the following is an STI?

a. herpes
b. pedophilia
c. premature ejaculation
d. female orgasmic disorder
ANSWER: a

49. Teenage girls are especially vulnerable to STIs because of their

a. shorter refractory periods.
b. high estrogen levels.
c. longer resolution periods.
d. lower levels of protective antibodies.
ANSWER: d

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Module 15: Multiple Choice 1

50. Condoms are most helpful in protecting against
a. herpes infections.
b. paraphilias.
c. HIV infections.
d. erectile dysfunction.
ANSWER: c

51. A high school teacher is giving a lecture on sexually transmitted diseases to a class of seniors when one of
them stands up and says "I'm safe with my boyfriend. He uses condoms." Which of the following responses of
the teacher is most likely to be misleading?
a. Condoms offer limited protection against certain skin-to-skin sexually transmitted diseases.
b. Condoms have been 80 percent effective in preventing transmission of HIV.
c. Condoms provide complete protection against certain infections such as herpes.
d. Condoms are less likely to be used by those who use alcohol prior to sex.
ANSWER: c

52. The human immunodeficiency virus has been found to be the cause of
a. herpes.
b. refractory periods.
c. paraphilias.
d. AIDS.
ANSWER: d

53. Natalie is sexually active and wants to avoid contracting AIDS. To prevent that from happening, Natalie
most clearly needs to avoid unprotected sex with partners infected with
a. bacterial STIs.
b. HPV.
c. a herpes virus.
d. HIV.
ANSWER: d

54. The most common way AIDS is transmitted is through

a. unsanitary foods and eating utensils.
b. unprotected sex with an infected person.
c. a prenatal infection from your mother.
d. receiving a transfusion of blood from a person with AIDS.
ANSWER: b

55. More than half of Americans with AIDS are between the ages of
a. 18 and 29.
b. 30 and 49.

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Module 15: Multiple Choice 1

c. 40 and 49.
d. 50 and 59.
ANSWER: b

56. Because of the long incubation period of AIDS it can be expected that most who have the disease were
infected in their
a. teens and twenties.
b. twenties.
c. twenties and thirties.
d. thirties and forties.
ANSWER: a

57. Stan suffers from AIDS. This means that he experiences a ________ and that he is ________.
a. weakened immune system; vulnerable to infectious diseases
b. improved immune system; protected from infections
c. heightened immune system; vulnerable to bacterial infections
d. inoperable immune system; exposed to bacterial infections
ANSWER: a

58. Unlike our motivation for eating, our sexual motivation is less
a. dependent on internal biological factors.
b. influenced by imagined stimuli.
c. variable across time and places.
d. influenced by cultural expectations.
ANSWER: a

59. One example of the biopsychosocial approach is

a. a theory stating that people develop same-sex erotic attachments if segregated by sex at the time their
sex drive matures.
b. an integrated understanding of sexual motivation in terms of sex hormones, sexual fantasies, and
cultural values.
c. a therapy used to help men and women with their sexual dysfunctions.
d. a refuted explanation for the development of sexual orientations.
ANSWER: b

60. Professor Smith emphasizes that gender similarities and differences are products of a continuous interplay
among genetically predisposed traits, culturally shaped roles, and personally constructed expectations and
assumptions. The professor's emphasis best illustrates
a. a social script.
b. a sexual orientation.
c. the sexual response cycle.
d. a biopsychosocial approach.
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ANSWER: d

61. Professor Langley emphasizes that premature sexual activity among high school students involves the
interplay of alcohol consumption, mass media norms, and teens' underestimation of their vulnerability to
sexually transmitted infections. The professor's emphasis best illustrates a reliance on
a. the evolutionary perspective.
b. a social script.
c. a biopsychosocial approach.
d. erotic plasticity.
ANSWER: c

62. Dr. Ramirez believes that male teens involved in sex at an early age have been highly influenced by
pornography and graphic video games that involve these types of behaviors. Dr. Ramirez is referring to the
________ of the biopsychosocial approach.
a. biological influences
b. social-cultural influences
c. imagined stimuli influences
d. psychological influences
ANSWER: d

63. Dr. Yu is studying sexual behavior. In her research, she focuses on the role of sex hormones and sexual
maturity in this behavior. According to the biopsychosocial approach, Dr. Yu is studying the ________
influences on sexual behavior.
a. biological
b. social-cultural
c. external stimulus
d. psychological
ANSWER: a

64. Dr. Philippi is studying the family, societal, and media influences on the sexual behavior of teens.
According to the biopsychosocial approach, Dr. Philippi is studying the ________ influences on teen sexual
behavior.
a. biological
b. social-cultural
c. internal stimulus
d. psychological
ANSWER: b

65. With repeated exposure to any erotic stimulus, our emotional response often lessens. This illustrates the
process of
a. the fraternal birth-order effect.
b. erotic plasticity.

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Module 15: Multiple Choice 1

c. habituation.
d. paraphilia.
ANSWER: c

66. Research has found that a man who has just spent an evening watching pornographic movies of attractive
women who actually seemed to enjoy being sexually coerced is likely to
a. perceive himself as unable to perform sexually.
b. be more willing to hurt women.
c. feel unsure about his gender identity.
d. view sexual promiscuity as morally wrong.
ANSWER: b

67. After viewing sexually attractive women and men on TV, people have judged an average person, their own
partner, or their spouse to be
a. more attractive.
b. more sexually active.
c. less attractive.
d. less sexually active.
ANSWER: c

68. Some research has found that extensive online pornography exposure does all of the following EXCEPT
a. contribute to erectile problems.
b. increase sexual desire.
c. diminish brain activation to sexual images.
d. desensitize young men to normal sexuality.
ANSWER: b

69. It has been said that the most significant sex organ is the
a. skin.
b. genitalia.
c. secondary sex characteristics.
d. brain.
ANSWER: d

70. Men experience ________ frequent and ________ romantic fantasies about sex than do women.
a. more; more
b. less; less
c. more; less
d. less; more
ANSWER: c

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Module 15: Multiple Choice 1

71. Which of the following is NOT true about sexual fantasizing?
a. Our imagination can influence our sexual arousal and desire.
b. In some women sexual fantasies can lead to sexual orgasm.
c. Men fantasize about sex more often and less romantically.
d. Fantasizing about sex indicates a sexual problem or dissatisfaction.
ANSWER: d

72. Pregnancy rates among American teens are decreasing because of ________ sexual activity and ________
protection.
a. increased; increased
b. decreased; decreased
c. increased; decreased
d. decreased; increased
ANSWER: d

73. Many sexually active American adolescents fail to avoid pregnancy because
a. low sex guilt inhibits the careful planning of contraceptive use.
b. they are uncomfortable discussing contraception with their sexual partner.
c. sex education courses have actually discouraged contraceptive use.
d. of all of these reasons.
ANSWER: b

74. In one survey, 72 percent of sexually active 12- to 17-year-old American girls said
a. they never use condoms during sex.
b. they abstain from alcohol prior to sex.
c. none of their close friends were sexually active.
d. they regretted having had sex.
ANSWER: d

75. In one survey, ________ percent of 12- to 17-year-old American girls who have had sex said they regretted
it.
a. 92
b. 82
c. 72
d. 62
ANSWER: c

76. Teens who use alcohol prior to sexual intercourse experience

a. enhanced self-awareness and are less likely to use condoms.
b. reduced self-awareness and are more likely to use condoms.
c. enhanced self-awareness and are more likely to use condoms.
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Module 15: Multiple Choice 1

d. reduced self-awareness and are less likely to use condoms.

ANSWER: d

77. Sixteen-year-old Sophie just found out she is pregnant. Which of the following likely contributed to her
unplanned pregnancy?
a. sensitivity to the need for birth control
b. excess communication with her parents about birth control
c. alcohol use
d. high levels of estrogen
ANSWER: c

78. A culturally modeled guide for how to act in particular situations is called a
a. behavioral trait.
b. social script.
c. paraphilia.
d. natural selection.
ANSWER: b

79. Mass media scenarios that shape our expectations about how to develop a sexual relationship are
a. paraphilias.
b. social scripts.
c. sexual response cycles.
d. refractory periods.
ANSWER: b

80. Sixteen-year-old Julie often sends sexually explicit texts ("sexts") to her boyfriend after seeing movie and
TV characters sending such messages. Her behavior could best be attributed to the ________ provided by the
filmed material.
a. social script
b. erotic plasticity
c. refractory period
d. sexual dysfunction
ANSWER: a

81. The more sexual content adolescents view on TV and in movies, the more likely they are to
a. perceive their peers as sexually active.
b. talk with their parents about contraception.
c. view their own sexual partners as attractive.
d. avoid premature sexual intercourse.
ANSWER: a

82. In the process of portraying women as "hypersexualized," video games are most likely to promote
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a. safe contraceptive use.

b. erotic plasticity.
c. the early sexualization of girls.
d. sexual abstinence.
ANSWER: c

83. Teens are more likely to delay sex if they have ________ levels of intelligence and ________ levels of
religious engagement.
a. higher; lower
b. lower; higher
c. higher; higher
d. lower; lower
ANSWER: c

84. Lower rates of pregnancy have been observed among American teens who have
a. sexually vivid dreams that lead to orgasm.
b. imagined being taken sexually by someone overwhelmed with passion.
c. watched a higher-than-average amount of prime-time television.
d. participated in a service learning program as tutors or teachers' aides.
ANSWER: d

85. One's sexual orientation refers to

a. one's sense of being male or female.
b. a set of expected behaviors for males or for females.
c. the direction of one's sexual attractions.
d. all of these.
ANSWER: c

86. One's sexual orientation refers to a(n) ________ members of one's own sex, the other sex, or both sexes.
a. sexual response cycle triggered by
b. experience of shared interests with
c. enduring sexual attraction toward
d. erotic plasticity in response to
ANSWER: c

87. Abraham, a 25-year-old law student, is heterosexual; his brother Chaim, a 21-year-old college senior, is
homosexual. The brothers obviously differ in their
a. erotic plasticity.
b. sexual response cycle.
c. sexual orientation.
d. refractory period.
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ANSWER: c

88. More than a dozen national surveys in Europe and the United States indicate that about ________ percent of
men are gay and about ________ percent of women are lesbian.
a. 3 or 4; 2
b. 2; 3 or 4
c. 10; 5 or 6
d. 5 or 6; 10
ANSWER: a

89. James is homosexual but his parents tell him that he is just going through a phase. Without social support,
James is likely to experience all of the following, EXCEPT
a. decreased self-esteem.
b. increased anxiety.
c. an increase in suicidal thoughts.
d. less depression.
ANSWER: d

90. A homosexual orientation is

a. equally likely among members of both sexes.
b. associated with a lack of estrogen.
c. unlikely to be successfully changed.
d. characteristic of more than 10 percent of American males.
ANSWER: c

91. Having variable sexual urges and interests is called

a. the sexual response cycle.
b. sexual orientation.
c. the refractory period.
d. erotic plasticity.
ANSWER: d

92. Gender differences in erotic plasticity are best illustrated by the fact that women
a. have longer refractory periods than do men.
b. tend to be more changeable than men in sexual orientation.
c. are less likely than men to be equally aroused by both male and female erotic stimuli.
d. become aware of their sexual orientation much earlier in life than do men.
ANSWER: b

93. Jennifer, unlike her husband Paul, prefers to alternate periods of high sexual activity with periods of very
little sexual activity. This best illustrates gender differences in
a. sexual dysfunctions.
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b. erotic plasticity.
c. refractory periods.
d. paraphilias.
ANSWER: b

94. For 28 years, Rachael was happily married and sexually fulfilled in her relationship with her husband. Since
his death two years ago, she has developed a sexually satisfying lesbian relationship with Marta, who is also a
widow. Rachael's pattern of sexual relationships best illustrates her
a. sexual dysfunctions.
b. erotic plasticity.
c. refractory periods.
d. paraphilias.
ANSWER: b

95. Women's sexual orientation tends to be ________ strongly held and ________ variable over time than that
of men.
a. more; less
b. less; more
c. more; more
d. less; less
ANSWER: b

96. More women than men report having had at least one same-sex contact, even though males' homosexuality
rate exceeds the female rate. This is best explained by the fact that compared with men, women's sexual
orientation is
a. more often asexual.
b. influenced by gender typing.
c. marked by shorter refractory periods.
d. more fluid and less strongly felt.
ANSWER: d

97. Research on the environmental conditions that influence sexual orientation indicates that
a. homosexuals are more likely than heterosexuals to have been neglected by their parents.
b. homosexuals are more likely than heterosexuals to have been overprotected by their mothers.
c. homosexuals are more likely than heterosexuals to have been raised in a father-absent home.
d. the reported backgrounds of homosexuals and heterosexuals are similar.
ANSWER: d

98. Gay men are ________ likely to have been smothered by maternal love than heterosexual men. Boys
growing up in a father-absent home are ________ likely to be gay than boys growing up with their father
present in the home.
a. more; no more
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b. no more; more
c. more; more
d. no more; no more
ANSWER: d

99. Which of the following is most clearly NOT true with respect to sexual orientation?
a. Homosexuality is linked with problems during childhood due to relationships with parents.
b. The environmental factors that influence sexual orientation are presently unknown.
c. Sexual orientation is not created by mistreatment from and hatred toward members of the other sex.
d. Sexual orientation is persistent and unlikely to be successfully changed.
ANSWER: a

100. A biological influence on homosexuality is most clearly seen from evidence of

a. sexual relations between same-sex partners in several hundred different animal species.
b. an increase in same-sex attraction among women who had fraternal twin brothers.
c. the increase in homosexual and bisexual people among males with domineering mothers.
d. the link between sexual orientation and the levels of sex hormones currently in a person's blood.
ANSWER: a

101. Simon LeVay discovered that a cell cluster located in the ________ was larger in heterosexual men than in
homosexual men.
a. cerebellum
b. amygdala
c. hypothalamus
d. medulla
ANSWER: c

102. The area in the hypothalamus that governs sexual arousal becomes active when ________ are given a
whiff of scent derived from men's sweat.
a. lesbian women and gay men
b. lesbian women and straight men
c. straight women and straight men
d. straight women and gay men
ANSWER: d

103. Female identical twins are more likely to differ from each other in sexual orientation than
a. male fraternal twins.
b. female fraternal twins.
c. male identical twins.
d. all of these pairs of twins.
ANSWER: c
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104. Which of the following can help distinguish heterosexual and homosexual identical twins?
a. environmental experiences related to the development of sexual orientation
b. specific genes that are associated with the development of sexual orientation
c. epigenetic marks that may be related to the development of sexual orientation
d. paternally transmitted genes that are associated with the development of sexual orientation
ANSWER: c

105. By manipulating a single gene, scientists have been able to control sexual orientation in
a. humans.
b. chimpanzees.
c. fruit flies.
d. all of these organisms.
ANSWER: c

106. Both a kin selection theory and an alternative fertile females theory have been proposed to explain the
transmission of genes that promote
a. female orgasmic disorder.
b. homosexuality.
c. refractory periods.
d. erotic plasticity.
ANSWER: b

107. Homosexual men tend to have ________ homosexual relatives on their mother's side of the family than on
their father's side. The maternal relatives of homosexual men on the mother's side of the family produce
________ offspring than do the maternal relatives of heterosexual men on the mother's side of the family.
a. more; fewer
b. fewer; more
c. more; more
d. fewer; fewer
ANSWER: c

108. The maternal relatives of homosexual men produce ________ offspring than the maternal relatives of
heterosexual men, and male homosexuality is more likely to be transmitted by genes from the ________ side of
the family.
a. more; mother's
b. fewer; father's
c. fewer; mother's
d. more; father's
ANSWER: a

109. Joshua and his brother are both homosexual. Based on research with more than 400 homosexual brothers,
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it is likely that
a. Joshua and his brother are both homosexual by chance.
b. Joshua and his brother inherited from their father at least one chromosome that may be related to
sexual orientation.
c. Joshua and his brother experienced the same environmental influences that related to the
development of a homosexual orientation.
d. Joshua and his brother inherited from their mother at least one chromosome that may be related to
sexual orientation.
ANSWER: d

110. Simon's psychology professor states that homosexual men tend to have more homosexual relatives on their
mother's side than on their father's, which supports a genetic basis for homosexuality. The position explained by
Simon's professor is called
a. the fertile females theory.
b. the fraternal birth-order effect.
c. the older-brother effect.
d. erotic plasticity.
ANSWER: a

111. Your father-in-law thinks that a homosexual orientation is a choice people make and is therefore not
influenced by genetics. To dissuade him of this erroneous belief, you would be best advised to note that
a. homosexuality does not appear to run in families.
b. identical twins are no more likely than fraternal twins to share their twin's homosexual orientation.
c. researchers have been able to create female fruit flies that, during courtship, act like males.
d. homosexual men tend to have more homosexual relatives on their mother's side of the family than on
their father's side of the family.
ANSWER: d

112. Sex hormone levels experienced during the second trimester of prenatal development are most likely to
influence a male's sexual orientation in later life because of their impact on
a. the X chromosome.
b. the Y chromosome.
c. brain development.
d. sexually transmitted infections.
ANSWER: c

113. Research has found that an animal's sexual orientation can be altered by
a. manipulation of prenatal hormone conditions.
b. exposure only to animals of the same sex.
c. injections of sex hormones in early adulthood.
d. destruction of the hippocampus.
ANSWER: a
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114. When pregnant sheep were injected with ________ during a critical period of prenatal development, their
female offspring will show homosexual behavior.
a. estrogen
b. HIV
c. HPV
d. testosterone
ANSWER: d

115. The incidence of male homosexuality has been found to be slightly higher than usual among
a. physicians.
b. professional athletes.
c. residents of small villages.
d. men who have older brothers.
ANSWER: d

116. It has been suggested that the fraternal birth-order effect is a result of
a. erotic plasticity.
b. refractory periods.
c. a maternal immune response.
d. mass-media norms.
ANSWER: c

117. A birth-order effect seems to play a role in sexual orientation among

a. men who are right-handed.
b. women who are right-handed.
c. men who are not right-handed.
d. both men and women who are not right-handed.
ANSWER: a

118. Rebecca and Thomas have three sons. Rebecca is pregnant with another son. Research indicates that the
chances of the fourth son being homosexual is ________ percent.
a. less than 1
b. less than 2
c. more than 4
d. more than 10
ANSWER: c

119. Steven is the only one of four brothers who is gay. Which of the following differences are you LEAST
likely to observe between Steven and his brothers?
a. walking style
b. physical aggression
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c. handedness
d. intelligence
ANSWER: d

120. On mental rotation tasks, gays and lesbians have been observed to score ________ than heterosexual men
and ________ than heterosexual women.
a. higher; higher
b. lower; lower
c. higher; lower
d. lower; higher
ANSWER: d

121. In remembering the spatial locations of objects, straight men perform

a. better than gay men and better than straight women.
b. worse than gay men and worse than straight women.
c. better than gay men and worse than straight women.
d. worse than gay men and better than straight women.
ANSWER: b

122. Compared with women, men are likely to

a. initiate more sex.
b. think more about sex.
c. view more pornography.
d. behave in all of these ways.
ANSWER: d

123. George and Sally, both in their early twenties, are in an early stage of developing a potentially romantic
relationship. Research suggests that ________ is the one who is most likely to initiate greater sexual intimacy in
their relationship and ________ is the one who has a more accepting attitude toward casual, uncommitted sex.
a. George; Sally
b. Sally; George
c. George; George
d. Sally: Sally
ANSWER: c

124. Compared with lesbians, gay men report ________ interest in uncommitted sex and ________ interest in
their partner's physical attractiveness.
a. more; less
b. less; more
c. more; more
d. less; less

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ANSWER: c

125. Compared with women, men are ________ likely to feel comfortable about having casual sex with
different partners and ________ likely to cite affection as a reason for their first sexual intercourse.
a. less; more
b. more; less
c. less; less
d. more; more
ANSWER: b

126. The reproductive advantage enjoyed by organisms best suited to a particular environment is known as
a. erotic plasticity.
b. exhibitionism.
c. natural selection.
d. the older-brother effect.
ANSWER: c

127. Aruna has inherited a tendency to be sexually attracted to handsome men. If this trait increases her chances
of survival and reproductive success, it will likely be passed on to her female offspring. This best illustrates
a. the fertile females theory.
b. the sexual response cycle.
c. erotic plasticity.
d. natural selection.
ANSWER: d

128. "Women have a natural inclination to be more particular than men about who they select as a mate because
they are limited in the number of children they can have." This statement best illustrates the logic of
a. evolutionary psychology.
b. social learning theory.
c. the fertile females theory.
d. the fraternal birth-order effect.
ANSWER: a

129. Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to attribute male-female differences in attitudes toward
casual sex to the fact that men have ________ than women do.
a. more sexually liberal social scripts
b. greater awareness of their own sex
c. greater erotic plasticity
d. greater reproductive potential
ANSWER: d

130. In a study of Welsh pedestrians, women rated a man as ________ if he was pictured at the wheel of an
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expensive rather than an inexpensive car. Men rated a woman as ________ if she was pictured at the wheel of
an expensive rather than an inexpensive car.
a. less attractive; more attractive
b. more attractive; no more attractive
c. no more attractive; more attractive
d. less attractive; no more attractive
ANSWER: b

131. Heterosexual women are most likely to be sexually attracted to men who appear to be
a. shy.
b. asexual.
c. interested in casual, uncommitted sex.
d. mature and affluent.
ANSWER: d

132. Jason spends a lot of money on luxury items in order to win the sexual affection of women he finds
attractive. Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to attribute his behavior to
a. social scripts.
b. erotic plasticity.
c. the older-brother effect.
d. genetic predispositions.
ANSWER: d

133. Men in their ________ are most likely to be sexually attracted to women who are several years older rather
than several years younger than themselves.
a. teens
b. twenties
c. thirties
d. forties
ANSWER: a

134. Men and women working for an experimenter asked strangers of the opposite sex: "Would you go to bed
with me tonight?" Their invitations were accepted by
a. more than half of men but no women.
b. almost half of the men but no women.
c. more than half of the men and almost half of the women.
d. almost half of the men and almost half of the women.
ANSWER: a

135. Critics of evolutionary psychology are most likely to suggest that it underestimates the
a. impact of genetic predispositions on human sexual behavior.
b. impact of cultural expectations on human sexual behavior.
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c. variety of traits that contribute to reproductively successful behaviors.

d. extent to which certain gender differences in sexual behavior are common to all cultures.
ANSWER: b

136. The impact of cultural expectations on men's and women's mating preferences is most clearly emphasized
by
a. the fertile females theory.
b. kin selection theory.
c. social learning theory.
d. evolutionary psychology.
ANSWER: c

137. Many crime shows on TV have taught Linda that remaining physically safe requires her to avoid being
alone with complete strangers who ask blunt questions about her sexual availability. The televised material is
most likely to help Linda remain safe because it has conveyed a memorable
a. erotic plasticity.
b. sexual dysfunction.
c. social script.
d. refractory period.
ANSWER: c

138. Social learning theory is the

a. study of the evolution of behavior and the mind.
b. study of how the structure and function of genes interact with our environment to influence behavior.
c. study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.
d. theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating others.
ANSWER: d

139. Those who defend evolutionary psychology against criticism are most likely to suggest that evolutionary
principles
a. generate testable predictions.
b. are intended to be descriptive but not explanatory.
c. are more applicable to men than to women.
d. are more applicable to humans than to nonhuman animal species.
ANSWER: a

140. When a couple engages in sexual intercourse within the context of a committed relationship rather than as
a one-night sexual hookup, they are more likely to experience
a. the older-brother effect.
b. erotic plasticity.
c. paraphilias.
d. relationship satisfaction.
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ANSWER: d

141. Jenna and Diego have been in a committed, monogamous relationship for years, while Siena and Michael
just "hooked up" for the night. After sex, Jenna and Diego are more likely to experience a surge in the hormone
________, while Siena and Michael will secrete less of this hormone. This hormone is related to sexual satiety
and ________ after orgasm with a loved one.
a. testosterone; satisfaction
b. estrogen; anxiety
c. prolactin; satisfaction
d. prolactin; regret
ANSWER: c

142. Those who suggest that the choices we make today determine what our future will be like are emphasizing
the importance of
a. paraphilias.
b. human responsibility.
c. social scripts.
d. erotic plasticity.
ANSWER: b

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