Specimen QP - Paper 1 Edexcel (A) Biology A-Level

PMT
Write your name here

Surname Other names
Pearson Edexcel Centre Number Candidate Number
Level 3 GCE
Biology A
(Salters Nuffield)
Advanced
Paper 1: The Natural Environment and Species Survival
Sample Assessment Material for first teaching September 2015 Paper Reference
Time: 2 hours 9BN0/01
You may need a ruler, a pencil and a calculator. Total Marks
Instructions
t Use black ink or ball-point pen.
t Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
t Answer all questions.
t Show your working in any calculation questions and include units in your
answer where appropriate.
t Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
t You may use a scientific calculator.
t toIn questions marked with an asterisk (*), marks will be awarded for your ability
structure your answer logically showing how the points that you make are
related or follow on from each other where appropriate.
Information
t The total mark for this paper is 100.
t – usemarks
The for each question are shown in brackets
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
t Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
t Try to answer every question.
t your answers if you have time at the end.
Check
Turn over
S47563A
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1/1/1/1/
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) !
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Answ er ALL q uestions.
W rite your answ ers in the spaces provided.

Some q uestions must be answ ered w ith a cross in a box . I f you change your mind about an
answ er, put a line through the box and then mark your new answ er w ith a cross .
1 The reactions involved in photosynthesis are affected by environmental factors.
The graph shows the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis in wheat.
9 –
8 –
Rate of photosynthesis / arbitrary units
7–
6–
5–
4–
3–
2–
1–
0–
0 10 20 30 40 50
Temperature / °C
(a) Calculate the Q 10

for photosynthesis between 20 ° C and 30 ° C.
(1)
Answer......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
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!"#$%&'()*'&! Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield)
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728
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(b) Exp lain the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis in wheat.
(3)
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(Total for Q uestion 1 = 4 marks)
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Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield)
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2 The diagram compares the siz e of some microbes with that of a human and a human cell.
100 nm 1 μm 10 μm 100 μm 1 mm 1 cm 10 cm 1m
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© Society for G eneral Microbiology
(a) Which of the following belong to the domain Eukaryota?

(1)
A adenovirus, bacterium and protoctist
B human, bacterium and red blood cell
C human, red blood cell and protoctist
D adenovirus, fungus and human
(b) Which of the following do not have a nucleus?

(1)
A bacterium and protoctist
B bacterium and red blood cell
C fungus and adenovirus
D protoctist and adenovirus
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!"#$%&'()#'&! Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield)
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728
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(c) Which of the following shows how many times bigger the bacterium is than the
adenovirus?
(1)
A 45 times
B 22 times
C 2 times
D 10 times
(d) State one way in which the structure of a virus is different from that of a
bacterium.
(1)
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3 A new species of mosquito has evolved in the tunnels of the London Underground.
These mosquitoes are believed to be the descendants of bird-biting mosquitoes
which colonised the tunnels 100 hundred years ago. The mosquitoes now feed on
rats, mice and human beings instead of birds.
(a) Place a cross in the box nex t to the best definition of a species.
(1)
A individuals can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
B individuals can interbreed to produce hybrid offspring
C individuals can interbreed to produce sterile offspring
D individuals can interbreed to produce offspring
(b) Exp lain how this species of mosquito may have evolved.
(5 )
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!"#$%&'()&'&! Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield)
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728
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4 In the 18 th century, William Withering trialled the use of an ex tract of foxg love plants
to treat a heart condition.
(a) Giv e four reasons why a contemporary drug testing protocol is an improvement
on the trial used by William Withering.
(4 )
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(b) In a drug trial, people with a heart condition were given one of three drug
treatments. The table shows the recorded improvement in their condition for
each of the three treatments.
Concentration of drug R ecorded improvement

Treatment
/ mg / arbitrary units
1 0 18 .8
2 400 24.8
3 600 30.9
It was concluded that the drug treatment improved the condition of the patients.
Analyse the data to comment on this conclusion.
(3)
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!"#$%&'()*'&! Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield)
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728
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5 Many people have a vaccination before visiting some countries for the first time.
A person was vaccinated with a weakened form of pathogen six weeks before travelling to
a particular country. The person was infected by two different pathogens, A and B , when in
this country.
The graph shows what happened to different blood antibody concentrations of the person
after vaccination and after infection by the two different pathogens.
30 –
Mean blood antibody concentration
20 –
/ au
10 –
antibody against pathogen A

antibody against pathogen B
0–
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 8 0 9 0 100
Time after
vaccination / days
vaccination with infection with

pathogen A pathogen A and B
(a) The changes to blood antibody concentration occur because vaccination produces
(1)
A active artificial immunity
B active natural immunity
C passive artificial immunity
D passive active immunity
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*(b ) Exp lain why this person did not become ill from pathogen A but did become ill
from pathogen B when visiting this country.
(6 )
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!"#$%&'()*)'&! Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield)
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728
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6 The photograph shows heather, C al l una v ul garis, a plant that grows on moorland.
© C016/7131/Science Photo Library
In an investigation into the net primary productivity of heather, all the vegetation on an
area of two different moorlands, A and B , was removed by burning. The dry biomass, in
g m–2, was then measured each year for a period of 20 years.
(a) Giv e an equation that shows the relationship between gross primary productivity, net
primary productivity and respiration.
(1)
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(b) The graph shows the change in the mean dry biomass of the heather plants
during the 20 year period.
1000 –
750 –
Mean dry biomass / gm–2
500 –
250 –
0–
0 5 10 15 20
Time since burning / years
moorland A
moorland B
(i) D escribe a method that could be used to obtain the mean dry biomass of the
heather plants in year 20.
(2)
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. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
&"
!"#$%&'()*+'&! Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield)
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728
PMT
(ii) The total solar radiation reaching moorland A was 3 144 000 kJ m–2 yr–1.
Each gram of dry heather contains 22.18 6 kJ .
Calculate the percentage efficiency of heather plants from moorland A at
converting solar radiation into dry biomass.
(2)
Answer........................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
!"#$%&'()*''&!
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728 Turn over
&#
PMT
(iii) After the burning of the moorland, a process of succession occurred.

The following information shows some of the changes found over the 20 years.
100
K ey
He ather
cover
Mat grass
Moss
%
0
5 10 15 20
Years since burning
Analyse the data to exp lain the changes shown.

(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
&$
!"#$%&'()*#'&! Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield)
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728
PMT
7 Researchers carried out a study on the prey of predatory ground beetles. They
removed the contents of the guts of beetles which had been feeding and analysed
them to see if they could identify the species they had fed on.
In one study, to see if the method worked, they fed the beetles on earthworms of the
species Al l ol obophora chl orotica only.
D NA was ex tracted from the gut contents and analysed.
(a) The quantity of worm D NA in the beetle gut was very small.
D escribe how sufficient D NA was produced to carry out the analysis.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) (i) The D NA in the samples from the beetle guts was cut into fragments. The
fragments were different for each species and had to be separated by gel
electrophoresis.
Which of the following describes the movement of the D NA fragments in gel
electrophoresis?
(1)
A large fragments move further than small fragments towards the anode
B large fragments move further than small fragments towards the cathode
C small fragments move further than large fragments towards the anode
D small fragments move further than large fragments towards the cathode
15
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728 !"#$%&'()*%'&! Turn over
&%
PMT
(ii) The picture shows one set of results in which four samples have been separated.
(Source: Evaluation of temperature gradient gel electrophoresis for the analysis of prey D NA within the guts of
invertebrate Sheppard et al. Cardiff School of B iosciences)
Exp lain what these results show you about the diet of the ground beetles.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
('
!"#$%&'()*&'&! Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield)
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728
PMT
8 L-dopa forms a colourless solution in water. D opa oxidase is an enz yme that converts
L-dopa into dopachrome, which is red.
A colorimeter can be used to study this reaction. As the red colour appears, the
amount of light absorbed by the solution increases.
(a) The graph shows the course of a reaction in which there was an enz yme
concentration of 20 (arbitrary units) of reaction mix ture.
5–
4.5 –
4–
Absorbance / arbitrary units
3.5 –
3–
2.5 –
2–
1.5 –
1–
0.5 –
0–
0 20 40 60 8 0 100 120 140
Time / seconds
Calculate the initial rate of reaction for this concentration of enz yme.
(3)
Answer ....................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
!"#$%&'()*$'&!
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728 Turn over
(&
PMT
(b) In another study, a student used this procedure with a range of enz yme
concentrations. The results are shown in the table below.
Enz yme concentration I nitial rate of reaction

/ arbitrary units / absorbance s– 1
0 0.0
10 2.5
30 6.1
50 9 .0
70 11.0
9 0 11.0
Exp lain the effect of enz yme concentration on the initial rate of this reaction.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
((
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728
PMT
(c) Enz ymes are made, modified, stored and used in cells.
The photograph shows an electron micrograph of a cell from the pancreas.
F
B
C
(i) Which structure in the photograph uses enz ymes in respiration?

(1)
A
B
C
D
(ii) Which structure in the photograph is the nucleolus?

(1)
B
C
E
F
19
!"#$%&'()*+'&!
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728
()
Turn over
PMT
9 A central idea in biology is that D NA codes for the synthesis of proteins from amino acids.
The instructions for making proteins are in the form of mRNA.
The diagram shows two stages in the production of mRNA.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
gene
K ey:
1 ex ons
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
pre-mRNA introns
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
mRNA
© Pearson Education Ltd
(a) Exp lain how this molecule of mRNA is produced.

(4 )
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
(*
!"#$%&'()*)'&! Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield)
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728
PMT
(b) Sometimes the process is more complicated as shown in the diagram below.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
gene
1 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 13
mRNA mRNA
© Pearson Education Ltd
An initial estimate of the number of genes, based on the number of proteins

found in humans, was in the region of 100 000. It is now known that the number
of genes is around 25 000.
Exp lain how the formation of mRNA, shown in the diagram, might account for this.
(5 )
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728 !"#$%&'()+*'&! Turn over
(!
PMT
10 A student investigated the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in spinach leaves.

The leaves were cut into pieces and ground in a cold solution of sucrose and a buffer.
The mix ture was filtered and centrifuged. The liquid in the tube was poured off and kept in
an ice water bath.
The pellet at the bottom of the tube was suspended by mixing with fresh sucrose and buffer
and stored in an ice water bath.
F our tubes were then set up as follows:
Liq uid poured off after R esuspended Sucrose and buffer

Tube
centrifuging / cm3 pellet / cm3 solution / cm3
1 – 0.5 –
2 – – 0.5
3 – 0.5 –
4 0.5 – –
The tubes had 5 cm3 of D CPIP added to them. Tube 3 was kept in the dark and the others
kept in the light.
After twenty minutes, the colour in each tube was recorded. The results are shown in the
table below.
Tube Colour in tube

1 pale green
2 blue
3 blue
4 blue
22
("
!"#$%&'()**'&! Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield)
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728
PMT
(a) (i) iG v e tw o reasons why a cold solution containing sucrose and a buffer was
used in this investigation.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Giv e a reason why tube 3 was used in this investigation.

(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728 !"#$%&'()*''&! Turn over
(#
PMT
(iii) In another investigation, the student wanted to determine the effect of

different wavelengths of light on the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis.
The student modified her first investigation to obtain results.
The graph shows the results of her modified investigation.
1.5 –
green
1.4 –
1.3 –
Average absorbance reading / au
1.2 –
1.1 –
1.0 –
blue
0.9 –
0.8 –
0.7 –
red
0.6 –
0.5 –
0 50 100 150 200 250
Time / s
Exp lain how the student modified the practical procedure of the first
investigation to enable these results to be obtained.
(4 )
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
($
!"#$%&'()*#'&! Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield)
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728
PMT
(b) The diagram shows part of the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions) of
photosynthesis.
CO2
RuB P
A
D GP
B
Gluc ose GAL P
Sucrose
Place a cross in the box which indicates the correct stage (A – D ) for the following
statements.
(i) The stage which involves a condensation reaction and fructose.

(1)
A
B
C
D
(ii) The stage where the enz yme RUB ISCO is involved.
(1)
A
B
C
D
25
!"#$%&'()*%'&!
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728
(%
Turn over
PMT
11 The distribution and abundance of species on a rocky shore were investigated using a
systematic sampling technique.
(a) The diagram shows the placing of the transect and quadrats on a rocky shore.
quadrats
transect line
0
2 high tide
4
6
8
10
12
14
16 low tide
18
distance in metres from start point
Not to scale
(i) iG v e a reason why systematic sampling, rather than random sampling, was
used in this investigation.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
)'
!"#$%&'()*&'&! Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield)
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728
PMT
*(ii) The diagram shows the distribution of some of the abiotic and biotic
components of a sea shore. There are three species of seaweed (F ucus) and
one species of limpet (P atel l a v ul gata). Limpets feed on seaweed.
100
shingle
0
100
bare rock
0
limpet 100
P atel l a v ul gata 0
100
sand
0
100
F ucus spiral is
0
100
F . v esicul osus
0
100
F . serratus
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
D istance from start / m
high tide mark low tide mark
Analyse the data to exp lain how the distribution patterns of F ucus spiral is,
F ucus v esicul osus and F ucus serratus are affected by abiotic and biotic factors.
(6 )
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728 !"#$%&'()*$'&! Turn over
)&
PMT
(b) (i) Another study compared the diversity of species at different places on the shore.
On the upper shore the following data were obtained.
Species Number of individuals found

P el v etia canal icul ata 10
E nteromorpha sp. 3
P atel l a v ul gata 3
L ittorina l ittorea 15
G ibbul a sp. 14
Lichens 15
Calculate an index of diversity (D ) for this site using the formula below.
(3)
N (N − 1)
D =
Σn(n − 1)
n = total number of organisms of a particular species

N = total number of organisms of all species
Answer ....................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
)(
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728
PMT
(ii) On the middle shore the index was found to be 7.74 with a total individual
count of 37.
Comment on the relationship between diversity and the total number of
individuals on these two parts of the shore.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728 !"#$%&'()*+'&! Turn over
))
PMT
12 A student carried out an investigation to compare the antibacterial effect of a garlic

ex tract with that of three antibiotics, all at the same concentration.
(a) (i) To obtain the ex tract, a clove of garlic was cut into lots of small pieces and
soaked in 0.1% ethanol for a long time.
Exp lain why this is an effective method of ex traction.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) The diagram shows the effect of the garlic ex tract on bacteria growing on
an agar plate.
bacteria
garlic ex tract
on filter paper disc
clear z one
(no bacteria)
The area of the clear z one was calculated by assuming it is a circle and
estimating the diameter. The estimate made was 4.3 cm.
Calculate the estimated area of the clear z one.
(2)
Answer ....................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
)*
!"#$%&'()')'&! Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield)
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728
PMT
(b) The results of the investigation are shown in the table.
Estimated area of clear z one

/ mm2
Sample
number Antibiotics Plant extract
Chloramphenicol Tetracycline Streptomycin Garlic
1 28 16 15 20
2 26 19 13 28
3 29 11 14 18
4 28 21 12 25
5 26 7 14 27
6 29 11 15 26
7 22 8 9 25
8 25 21 14 25
9 29 10 12 29
Mean 27 14 13 25
Standard
2.37 5.54 1.9 0 3.60
deviation
These data were analysed using t-tests.

(i) Several statistical tests were available to the student to analyse these data,
including the t-test, Chi squared and the correlation coefficient.
Exp lain why the t-test was chosen to analyse these data, rather than the other
two tests.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728 !"#$%&'()'*'&! Turn over
)!
PMT
(ii) Calculate the t value for the data to compare garlic with chloramphenicol,
using the formula:
x 1
−x 2
t=
⎛ σ12 σ 22 ⎞
⎜⎝ n +
1 n2 ⎟⎠
(3)
Answer ....................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
)"
!"#$%&'()'*'&! Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield)
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728
PMT
(iii) The table shows the critical values of t with 16 degrees of freedom.
Significance level (p) 0.20 0.10 0.05 0.01 0.001

Critical value of t 1.34 1.75 2.12 2.9 2 4.02
Use your value of t to test the validity of a stated null hypothesis.

(4 )
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728 !"#$%&'()'''&! Turn over
)#
PMT
(c) The siz e of the clear z one depends on variables other than the antibacterial
properties of the substances used, such as siz e and solubility of the antimicrobial
molecules in the ex tract.
A new method was developed in which the minimum concentration of ex tract
that causes inhibition of bacterial growth (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,
MIC), was found.
Samples of ex tract, bacteria (E . col i) and a respiration indicator were placed in a
micro-titre tray.
A B C D E F G H
1
1= 4%
2 2= 2%
3= 1%
3 4= 0.5% concentration of
5= 0.25% ex tract
4 6= 0.125%
7= 0.0625%
5 8 = 0.0%
The diagrams show the results obtained. The tubes are black when respiration
occurs and clear when no respiration occurs.
rosemary geranium garlic cedar
34
)$
!"#$%&'()'#'&! Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield)
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728
PMT
(i) Analyse the data to exp lain the results of this exp eriment.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(ii) iG v e tw o changes that can be made to the procedure to get a more accurate
measure of MIC.
(2)
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(iii) It was concluded that plant ex tracts inhibit respiration of bacteria. This
conclusion may not be valid because the investigation has limitations.
D escribe how the investigation could be modified to reduce the effect of two
named limitations.
(2)
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TO TAL FO R PAPER = 100 M AR K S
35
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728 !"#$%&'()'%'&! )%
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BLANK PAGE
Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material.
Pearson Education Ltd. will, if notified, be happy to rectify any errors or omissions and include any such rectifications in
future editions.
36
*'
!"#$%&'()'&'&! Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield)
!"#$%&'())&))#&*+',"+&-."%)'/'0))1&'2'/'3&4&#5&-'6728'9':&"-);*'<=14"+.;*'>.#.+&='6728

Specimen QP - Paper 1 Edexcel (A) Biology A-Level

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Specimen QP - Paper 1 Edexcel (A) Biology A-Level

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Write your name here

Pearson Edexcel Centre Number Candidate Number

Answ er ALL q uestions.

W rite your answ ers in the spaces provided.

(a) Calculate the Q 10

(Total for Q uestion 1 = 4 marks)

© Society for G eneral Microbiology

(a) Which of the following belong to the domain Eukaryota?

(b) Which of the following do not have a nucleus?

(Total for Q uestion 2 = 4 marks)

(Total for Q uestion 3 = 6 marks)

Concentration of drug R ecorded improvement

(Total for Q uestion 4 = 7 marks)

antibody against pathogen A

vaccination with infection with

(Total for Q uestion 5 = 7 marks)

© C016/7131/Science Photo Library

(iii) After the burning of the moorland, a process of succession occurred.

Analyse the data to exp lain the changes shown.

(Total for Q uestion 6 = 8 marks)

(Total for Q uestion 7 = 6 marks)

Enz yme concentration I nitial rate of reaction

(i) Which structure in the photograph uses enz ymes in respiration?

(ii) Which structure in the photograph is the nucleolus?

(Total for Q uestion 8 = 8 marks)

(a) Exp lain how this molecule of mRNA is produced.

An initial estimate of the number of genes, based on the number of proteins

(Total for Q uestion 9 = 9 marks)

10 A student investigated the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in spinach leaves.

Liq uid poured off after R esuspended Sucrose and buffer

Tube Colour in tube

(ii) Giv e a reason why tube 3 was used in this investigation.

(iii) In another investigation, the student wanted to determine the effect of

(i) The stage which involves a condensation reaction and fructose.

(Total for Q uestion 10 = 9 marks)

distance in metres from start point

Species Number of individuals found

n = total number of organisms of a particular species

(Total for Q uestion 11 = 12 marks)

12 A student carried out an investigation to compare the antibacterial effect of a garlic

(b) The results of the investigation are shown in the table.

Estimated area of clear z one

These data were analysed using t-tests.

Significance level (p) 0.20 0.10 0.05 0.01 0.001

Use your value of t to test the validity of a stated null hypothesis.

rosemary geranium garlic cedar

(Total for Q uestion 12 = 20 marks)

TO TAL FO R PAPER = 100 M AR K S

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