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Eyeglasses Alarm For Students: Managing The Impact of Drowsiness On Class Participation of Holy Rosary College's G12 STEM Students (2023)
Eyeglasses Alarm For Students: Managing The Impact of Drowsiness On Class Participation of Holy Rosary College's G12 STEM Students (2023)
Eyeglasses Alarm For Students: Managing The Impact of Drowsiness On Class Participation of Holy Rosary College's G12 STEM Students (2023)
Capstone Project
Second Semester
School Year 2022-2023
DIOSO, Angelina J.
SERRANO, Raiven E.
Grade 12 – Ampere
Submitted to:
APPROVAL SHEET
This Capstone Project entitled “Eyeglasses Alarm for Students: Managing the Impact of
Drowsiness on Class Participation of Holy Rosary College’s G12 STEM Students”, prepared
and submitted by Janna Arjae M. Alitagtag, Lawrence James V. Arroyo, Xylene Ashley V.
Carteciano, Angelina J. Dioso, Kyzandrew Ghil S. Gozum, Micca Julianna M. Ma. Coll, Yowanna
Andwele R. Montibon, and Raiven E. Serrano in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Practical
Research 3 and Thesis Writing has been examined and is recommended for approval and
acceptance.
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the strand – Science, Technology,
Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)
ABSTRACT
Sleep, the elusive companion of a restless student, has been long overlooked as a pivotal component
of academic success. Hence, this study aspires to produce an anti-sleep glasses prototype for
students and to determine its effectiveness in counteracting sleepiness signs, improving student’s
alertness, and their class participation. To achieve the said aim, the researchers adopted the use of
experimental study design with a total of four (4) participants. The participants of this study were
determined using purposive sampling. To select the participants with the closest characteristics to
the study, the researchers employed a systematic survey based on Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).
Both pretest and posttest which measure both attentiveness and class performance were
administered to the respondents to determine the prototypes’ significant effect, which was then
analyzed using paired t-test. The results revealed that the anti-sleep glasses prototype can
significantly increase alertness level, however contrary to previous studies’ claim it was found that
perceived increase in attentiveness may not guarantee a significant effect on students’ class
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, with regards to our group’s completion of this capstone, we would like to
express our deepest gratitude to the almighty God and to everyone who had been part of our
capstone project.
Without the opportunity provided to us by Holy Rosary College and by our Capstone adviser, Mr.
Red Louis Elacio, who had been consistently supporting us along our path, our valuable capstone
We would like to extend our warm gratitude to Mr. Mark Joseph C. Limboy, Mr. Ronald Albaytar,
Mr. Digno Salamat, Ms. Alex Arceta, and Ms. Vanessa Cuaresma for their assistance and valuable
insights with our capstone paper. Also, thank you to Mr. Ralenz Artillagas, Mr. Ron Curabo and
Mr. Arnold Tan, without their assistance, our prototype would not have been successful in its
development.
We are also grateful to Mr. & Mrs. Alitagtag, Mrs. Arroyo, and Mr. Patrick Tingson, for their kind
hospitality and assistance during our capstone project. Lastly, we would like to commend and
acknowledge our fellow group members for giving their outmost dedication and passion in the
successful completion of this capstone paper and creation of our prototype. As we finished this
capstone adventure, all our hard work, exhaustion, stress, and sleepless nights had now paid off.
Holy Rosary College of Sta. Rosa Laguna, Inc.
Tagapo, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page I
Approval sheet II
Abstract III
Acknowledgement IV
Introduction 1
Literature review 3
Discussion 12
Methodology 16
Summary of findings 37
Conclusion 38
Recommendations 39
References 40
Appendices 44
Curriculum Vitae 57
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INTRODUCTION
Several studies have noted the quality of sleep's direct influence on one's quality of life.
Within academic settings, sleep deprivation and its infamous companion, Excessive Daytime
Sleepiness (EDS) are among the factors that compromise a student's productivity. Sleep
Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) among students, which is marked by difficulty in controlling the desire
to sleep, leading to uncontrollable dozing off during the day. (Brown & Makker, 2020; Mak et
al.2014). Remarkably, sudden behavioral changes, poor memory, and concentration (Hershner &
Chervin, 2014; Hangouche et al., 2018), along with youth’s risk of road accidents were among the
key consequences of both conditions highlighted by various studies (Hershner & Chervin, 2014;
Gharibi, 2020). Reduced overnight sleep or altered sleep patterns have also been linked to severe
drowsiness and academic failure. In 2014, Hershner & Chervin discovered that 60 % of students
Despite the apparent evidence of EDS as a serious health problem, it is still considered as
an undervalued risk factor (Carbonell et al.,2022; Hershner & Chervin, 2014), which manifests on
the scarcity of studies extending new, effective, and wider scope of solutions. Various studies had
explored potential solutions ranging primarily from traditional sleep hygiene interventions to
technological related interventions in the form of sleepiness detection devices. However, it was
found that most of the traditional sleep hygiene solutions did not post any significant effect on
countering sleepiness signs (Barber & Cucalon,2017; Dogru et al.2021; Redekar et al., 2019).
Meanwhile, although most of the previous technological interventions related to sleep exhibited
instant results, the applicability of its the models was only limited to road settings. With that
context, this study aims to fill in the need of addressing sleepiness among students during their
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Earth Science class, by attempting to effectively design an eye blinking-based eyeglasses with sleep
detection and alarm system, which will primarily highlight the bone conduction headphones as its
new alarm feature, along with further modifications to ensure its compatibility towards the intended
How effective is the prototype in reducing drowsiness and promoting alertness among students
1. Is there a significant difference between students' signs of drowsiness upon wearing anti
2. Is there a significant difference in students' level of alertness upon wearing the anti-sleep
alarm glasses?
3. Does the prototype pose any significant effect on students' academic performance through:
a) class participation
b) class performance
c) class comprehension
4. Does the level of consciousness affect the effectiveness of the device’ alarm system?
5. Is there a correlation between the prototype’s speed of detection and wearers’ extent of
LITERATURE REVIEW
The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ‘adolescents’ as those people aged
between 10 to 19. Accordingly, school experience under this age range comes with a consequence,
as the rising incidence of sleep deprivation, irregular sleep schedules, drowsiness, and most notably,
daytime sleepiness poses a potential barrier to academic motivation (Hershner & Chervin, 2014).
In this developmental stage, daytime functioning and sleep are heavily affected due to physiological
changes; these changes may lead to physiological hypersomnia and a delayed sleep phase (Hein et
al., 2020). As opposed to the notion that the shift from childhood into adolescence (puberty) is
associated with new sleep requirements, scientists claimed that it is rather the shift of melatonin’s
peak levels in the evening that is being experienced by adolescents. Hence, when a person reaches
puberty, their circadian rhythm changes and adolescents who have reached puberty experience a
delay in their sleep cycle phase and sleeping time (Merdad et al.,2017). This phenomenon is
reflected upon adolescent’s lifestyle as students. Bandjelović et al. (2018) argues that EDS
late-night studies, irregular sleep and fatigue, especially during exam period.
described as a significant public health problem as it reached 42%, which appears to be higher than
in the general population, which counts 19% to 27%. To provide some background, El Hangouche
et al. (2018) defined a person with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) as having the inability to
maintain alertness and cautiousness while carrying out daily activities. In a study, the occurrence
of EDS was found to be related with a person's increasing age (De Souza Vivela, 2016).
Furthermore, the presence of EDS in this subpopulation is associated with a negative impact on
school performance (e.g. learning difficulties, inadequate school achievement, high rates of
Fatigue, in a subjective sense, can often be negatively observed in various ways, including
decreased task performance, cognitive decline, and emotional disturbance. Fatigue in school-aged
children can result in a drop in academic performance, detrimental health effects, and non-
attendance. According to a UK study, 11% of individuals between the ages of 11 and 14 and 17%
of participants between the ages of 13 and 16 displayed extreme weariness. On the other hand, in
a Dutch study, 6.5% of men and 20.5% of women reported feeling exhausted (Chen et al., 2015).
As Galarza et al. (2018) elucidated, fatigue technically differs from drowsiness, which is a
physiological state characterized by the tendency to fall asleep and synonymous to the term
“sleepy”. A person can feel tired without being drowsy when experiencing fatigue, leading to one's
inability to continue doing the same action. Meanwhile, if drowsiness becomes uncontrollable
during the day, it is the point where it can be categorized under EDS (El hangouche et al., 2018).
Our wakefulness, reaction time, psychomotor coordination, and information processing are
all negatively impacted by sleepiness. Classroom drowsiness results in lack of interest and
attentiveness and decreases school performance, which complicates learning and negatively affects
academic success and mental ability. Although it was prementioned that one of the numerous
unintended effects of sleepiness and irregular sleep patterns is that it has a detrimental effect on
performance in the areas of learning, memory, and judgment (Duarte et al., 2014), however, there
is still a need to understand how sleep and academic performance interact fully. Focusing on
academic performance, a wide variety of dimensions including written works, group activities, and
most importantly, class participation can assess a student’s performance (Harvard Business School,
2019). Bekkering (2020) argues class participation, as a result of class attendance and attentiveness,
learning outcomes and useful in a variety of situations such as driving and learning environment
(Kainat, 2022). Thus, previous studies stressed class participation’s huge contribution to academic
performance quality, through class attendance and attentiveness. From that, the effect of sleep on
academic performance is being more cleared, as previous studies had also noted sleep loss negative
to learn, and decreased attention and focus (Duarte et al., 2014, Hershner & Chervin, 2014 ; NLM,
2014) . Having class participation as one main indicator of academic performance, signs of
attentiveness had also been used by previous studies to assess class participation (Banchik, 2021;
Gao et al., 2020). These signs of attentiveness utilized by multiple studies to detect class
engagement ranges from nonverbal cues such as facial expressions, head posture, and eye
Meanwhile, study of Banchik (2021) uniquely enforced “takeaways” which are meant to
students' oral engagement. It highlights that participation is determined by one's level of focus,
which includes speaking, listening, and seeking to connect with and engage with the course
material. Moving back, given that eye movements were among mentioned indicator of
attentiveness, coincidentally, one of the most significant indicators of being sleepy or drowsiness
includes frequent blinking, rubbing of the eyes, repetitive yawning, head tilting, and distractions
(Galarza et al., 2018) suggesting that sleepiness can affect students’ level of attentiveness, and so
does participation.
In relation to that, the initial impact of rising sleep loss results in daytime dysfunction . Up
to 27% of students could be at risk for at least one sleep disturbance, and such students are likely
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was present in students at risk of academic failure (GPA < 2.0 or 75% below).Also, the highest
percentage of daytime sleepiness among adolescents also occurred once or twice a week and three
According to Redeker et al. (2019), the interventions that the employers identified were
educational programs for day and shift workers, health promotion programs, for instance,
encouraging physical activity, strategic naps, and workplace environmental changes all of which
presented impressive outcomes. Meanwhile, the review confirms that more research on the
evaluating sleep educational programs in adolescents showed that they merely improved their
Therapeutic Touch
positively impacts stress, sleep quality, fatigue, and daytime sleepiness in nursing and midwifery
students. In a pilot study, it was discovered to effectively reduce stress and increase self-awareness,
According to Owens et al. (2014), an increasing trend in older children and adolescents
consuming caffeine and energy drinks has been happening. They deem the role of these products
as a preventative measure to sleepiness and fatigue and for their presumed positive influence on
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mood and performance. However, there is little evidence that high consumption of these drinks
improves performance or reduces sleepiness. In a study cited by Owens et al. (2014), about 100
adolescents from ages 12 to 18 years old reported that one-third of students who fall asleep in class
The intervention of the three closely related studies entitled, Real-time Nonintrusive
Monitoring and Detection of Blinking in View of Accident Prevention due to Drowsiness, Driver
Sleep Detection and Alarming System Final Report, and Student Sleepy Detection System with
Eyes Closure and Yawning all had negative results since the lighting circumstances of the glasses
interfered with the eye detection algorithm, which is required to get an accurate detection.
Additionally, they claimed that they failed to use any commercial chargers to power up their board,
which made the alarm system less responsive to the effect of driving when fatigued (Anjali et al.,
2016; Xu et al., 2013; Thippireddy et al., 2021). Other identified interventions entitled, Real-time
Stage 1 Sleep Detection and Warning System using a Low-cost EEG Headset, and Fatigue
Detection for Online Classes based on AdaBoost, mentioned that the algorithm's responsiveness
would be affected, and it might not be able to identify sleep if the subject is already weary when
The patent offices in 2013 have received numerous applications for gadgets intended to
awaken "sleepy" drivers. However, they frequently proved unable to solve a number of issues,
including difficulty in wearing them (too big, awkward, or heavy), impeding and limiting
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movement or visibility, being unable to be implemented mechanically, or being bulky because they
that the implementation of the software detection technique has been deemed to be successful. The
execution is prompt, effective, and extremely precise. The computer can run the software without
any hiccups in real time. Additionally, after 200 trials, Xu et al. (2013) found that the algorithm's
accuracy is relatively high, at 93% during the day and 82% at night. Comparatively speaking, the
highest accuracy for products on the market is 90% (Xu et al., 2013).
In today’s world, alarm systems are a standard feature of most technological devices. They
are intended to serve the purpose of grabbing the individual's attention (Hansson, 2018). Due to the
appearance of alarm clocks, there was a noticeable improvement in timelines during the trial period,
with the overall school average rising to over 60%. In-depth discussions with the respondents
revealed that the participants were eager to use their alarm clocks to help them arrive on time for
class and school. As a result, installing alarm clocks significantly impacted class attendance
(IvyPanda, 2022). On the other hand, for students, the anti-sleep alarm circuit saves time and
money. By beeping at set intervals, such as every 30 minutes, it helps them avoid falling asleep
People worldwide use alarm clocks to alert them at a predetermined time, usually to wake
them up at the right moment. According to a study by the National Institute of Industrial Health in
Japan, having a jolting awakening can be detrimental to one's heart. This problem was solved by
soundless alarms that alert a person through a vibrating mechanism (Bharathi et al., 2022).
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Holy Rosary College of Sta. Rosa Laguna, Inc.
Tagapo, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna
Applying suitable sensory stimulation to grab the sleeper's attention (to aid in waking up) pleasantly
would be one viable strategy for reducing sleep inertia during waking up. With regards to
assessment of a person’s level of attention, most studies have concentrated on a single sensory
modality, such as vision, hearing, touch, or even gustation and odor. However, to make the selection
of pertinent information easier in daily life, the researchers frequently used varying sensory
modalities. The study's findings indicated continuous vibration scored highest for a pleasant yet
Eye state contains valuable information, and if the researchers can monitor this visual
Numerous technologies to detect sleepiness have been proposed based on eye state analysis. The
eyes tended to tilt upward more noticeably when tired when blinking increased, and each eyelid
closure lasted longer. Some of the subjects' eyelids fluttered in an almost rhythmic manner when
they were sleepy or drowsy. The globes moved higher with each tiny opening of the eyelids and
downward with each closing of the lids. The orbs of the eyes experienced severe upward
displacement up to 40° due to the interaction between the lids and orbs (Jacobs et al., 2020).
Furthermore, one behavioral pattern employed in considerable research in the past is the percentage
of closed eyelids (PERCLOS). The portion of time eyes are closed for longer than a certain amount
of time is known as PERCLOS. For instance, at least 80% of the day proved that people’s eyes
Figure 1. Structure of the normal drowsy eye Figure 2. Structure of eyes according to Jacobs et al.
A 2014 survey by the AAA Traffic Safety Foundation found that 37% of drivers dozed off
behind the wheel. 13 percent of the 21 percent fatal crashes that resulted in severe injuries were the
result of fatigued drivers who had to keep driving for extended periods while also keeping an eye
on the road.
The researchers will develop a Raspberry Pi-based Driver Drowsiness Detection System
that will monitor the driver's eye movement. An alarm is generated in the form of a sound to jolt
the motorist back to consciousness if it determines that they are at risk of dozing off or are otherwise
The Drowsy Driver Detector's main goal is to create a system that can lessen the number
of accidents caused by sleepy driving. Our two monitoring phases enable us to offer a more precise
detection. The eye blink sensor continuously tracks the eye blink moment during the detecting
stage. It keeps an eye on blinking. When the monitoring is finished, a microcontroller receives the
data that was gathered and digitizes the analog data. The microcontroller decides which alarm needs
to be activated if the warning feedback system is enabled. This project also deals with temperature
sensors; in case of any fire inside the vehicle, the sensor senses it and shuts off the engine. The
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Holy Rosary College of Sta. Rosa Laguna, Inc.
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second application of this paper is to detect the alcohol content or any leakage of gas from the
vehicle. Once it deducts such a sensation, the LED light glows indicating an emergency. We have
a beeper system for the alert systems. The methods that are most effective among these are
determined by those that are based on human physiological data phenomena. This method is applied
in two ways: by monitoring changes in physiological signals like brain waves and eye blinking, as
well as by monitoring physical changes including slumped posture, head tilting, and the open or
A Russian business recently unveiled the Blue Sky pro eyeglasses brand, which aids in the
prevention of sleep disorders and the quick restoration of circadian rhythms, as part of the Army-
2021 International Military Technical Forum event. Mainly, Technodinamika Corporation (Russia)
and Samara National Medical University study led to the development of Blue Sky pro spectacles.
The glasses were made to assist soldiers in regaining their health. High-strength, secure, and
environmentally friendly- The Russians used composite materials to create the Blue Sky Pro
prototype. The person using the glasses must put them on for 30 minutes daily at predetermined
intervals in order to fully restore the sleep and waking cycle. These spectacles can be used when
working the night shift or when a time zone shift lasts longer than three hours. According to Rostec,
using this medicine can stop sleep disruptions and quickly restore circadian rhythms. Additionally,
glasses can help with health issues like depression, which impairs concentration. During
neurophysiological experiments, this impact has been proven (“Russia Launches”, 2022).
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DISCUSSION
In line with this study's objective to effectively design an eyeglasses-based sleep detection
and alarm system for students, this section analyzes and presents the efficacy and key outcome
indicators of existing sleepiness interventions and eye tracking-based sleep detection devices.
targeting the issue of sleepiness was found, which primarily ranges from proposed practices,
programs, therapies, and technology-related interventions. Upon the review, the diversity of these
studies was primarily categorized into two namely: non-technological interventions and
technological interventions, which both adopt varying strategies in targeting the issue of sleepiness.
However, despite the heterogeneity in adopted approaches, the commonality among the two lies in
the scarcity of research found extending their scope toward students, which is one of the main
focusing directly on its factors. Interventions involving educational programs (Barber & Cucalon,
2017; Redeker et al., 2019), caffeine and energy drink consumption, sleepiness-reducing practices
such as timed-napping before activities, and therapeutic touch, emphasizing fatigue and sleep
quality management were among the proposed solutions of existing related studies which were
primarily dedicated for workers and medical personnels experiencing excessive fatigue (e.g.
educational programs promotion, and sleep hygiene improvement are among the frequently
recommended sleepiness countermeasures under this approach, while timed-napping and caffeine
consumption remained the most common means to combat sleepiness (Avidan, 2013; Caldwin et
to technological interventions was more explored and extensive in terms of varying models of
sleep-tracking devices. Studies under this category strategically addressed the issue by directly
preventing early signs and occurrence of sleepiness. Evident strategy of this approach is primarily
centered on enforcing sleepiness detection and safety using multiple types of sensors and alarm
systems that can detect early signs of sleepiness, such as yawning, posture, heart rate,
Electroencephalograph (EEG) and above all, eye blinking patterns, are one of the most used basis
of multiple sleep tracking devices. Varying models of sleep-tracking devices extend up from web
cameras, headphones, and eye-tracking glasses, which are mounted to sensors and alarm systems.
Nonetheless, it is worth noting that the extensive models found from past studies under this
category were solely directed towards the promotion of drivers’ safety and awareness. This also
affirms why the previous models for this study's main point of interest, eyeglasses-based sleep
tracking devices, differed primarily in terms of used materials but did not yield huge differences in
terms of functionality. To be precise, the majority of former models of anti-sleep glasses operated
by primarily providing sleepiness detection based on eye movements. Out of five gathered studies,
only studies of Tessa et al. (2014) and Teyfouri et al. (2017) incorporated detection of other signs
of sleepiness, such as neck posture and facial expressions. These past findings thereby hints the
limited compatibility of these past models to the present target of this study, the students.
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Aside from the fact that both categories have different approaches, another major
difference between the two is evident in each of the studies' rate of effectivity or results and its
effect on the issue of sleepiness. Compared to the NTIs, TIs approach yielded more positive results,
in terms of functionality and real time results. Hence due to its instant results, these interventions
exhibited more preventive and controlled effects on sleepiness rather than producing a minimizing
effect, which was the main effect that NTIs meant to produce. However, evidence from several
studies suggests that the effectiveness rate of interventions under NTIs category is weak and slow.
Out of seven studies gathered under this category, only two studies reported significant sleepiness
management (Dogru et al. 2021; Redeker et al. 2019) , while the seven remaining studies found
little to no significance in managing sleepiness. From that, it can be inferred that TIs' approach can
remarkably exhibit greater effectivity rate than NTIs', as the manifestation of desired effectivity
under NTIs approach requires time and constant effort, which serves as a possible limitation
Nevertheless, it is still worth noting that the positive outcomes under TIs’ approach
constitute limitations that cost multiple challenges among scholars. Most of the tracking devices'
functionality issues usually stemmed from its extent of reliability and accuracy. For example, most
of the blinking or eye detection systems are usually associated with false eye detections due to
miscalculated eyelid closure and fair lighting conditions. Owing to that, behavioral patterns such
as the PERCLOS based on the percentage of closed eyelids were frequently utilized by previous
studies as drowsiness detection measures (Zandi et al., 2019). Aside from functionality issues,
convenience issues in terms of pricing, alarms system, and wearable devices such as sleep tracking
glasses were also stressed by some studies (Chang et al. 2022; Gao et al., 2015), indicating that
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acceptability to its wearers, aside from device's functionality can also serve as a challenge under
this approach.
Overall, the whole comprehensive discussion highlights the main implication that despite
the two approaches' differences in efficacy, both NTIs and TIs have certain conditions and
requirements to meet to ensure their effectiveness. This current investigation also determined that
TIs were the most fitting and convenient technique to be adopted in this study after taking into
account the demonstrated efficacy of both approaches and their association with the background
and motive of the study. However, despite the identification of key parameters influencing both of
the approaches' efficacy, certain questions remain on the measures done by previous technological-
related studies to ensure the safety of participants, while the scarcity of both international and local
studies related to sleepiness interventions for students, remains the biggest gap under both
approaches. With that being said, it calls for the need for future works to address the devices'
expansion of intended beneficiaries by thorough consideration of future designs in terms of its main
METHODOLOGY
methodologies that may be applied to any field of study. This chapter aims to point out the
methodologies that will be utilized in developing an anti-sleep glass alarm as a solution for d.
This chapter covers the targeted respondents, research methods, data collection and analysis
techniques, software development methodology, and the timeframe estimated to complete the
Research Design
This study utilizes an experimental method of gathering data from the respondents.
Specifically, the researchers will employ the pretest-post test control group design for the quasi-
experimental study which will help in understanding the relationship between the effects of anti-
sleep glasses towards the performance of the grade 12 students in Holy Rosary College. It is
applicable for a variety of research as it generates extensive amounts of data useful in carrying out
further research. In this study, electronic surveys were conducted to gather the data needed.
Sampling Technique
Purposive sampling will be the method of sampling employed by the researchers. It is a
non-probability sampling strategy that depends on the researcher's decision to choose the units as
they have the necessary features for the investigation. Purposive sampling, sometimes called
judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling, relies on the researcher's judgment when choosing
the units (such as persons, cases/organizations, events, or pieces of data) to be researched. The
Specifically, all students who usually exhibit drowsiness during Earth Science class from
two Grade 12 STEM sections will take a standardized sleep scale test. The sample students will
then be narrowed down to two students per section who has the highest sleep scale test.
Santa Rosa, Philippines. The data collection will be conducted in the parameters of Tagapo, Santa
Rosa, Philippines. In this capstone project, a sample of four students from the total population of
82 from Grade-12 STEM students are chosen to justify the effectiveness of the anti-sleep glass
alarm. The range of the targeted respondents are only those who are enrolled during the school year
2022-2023.
Data to be Gathered
Prior to data collection, the researchers will be preparing the stimuli of the study,
specifically, anti-sleep glasses that drew inspiration from Shubham Suresh and
infrared (IR) sensors, composed of an IR LED (transmitter) which emits infrared light and
an IR photodiode (receiver) that detects the IR radiations reflected by the matter behind the
addressing the utility of CurcuitBazaar and Shuresh’s design in formal settings. Anti-sleep
glasses will be constructed and will be used by the participants who will also be answering
Research Instrument
The required information will be gathered from the respondents using written survey
questionnaires. The purpose of this study is to investigate the post-test and pretest effects of daytime
sleepiness on students' study habits and academic performance while using the anti-sleep glasses.
A paper-based survey questionnaire of standardized sleep scale test, pretest, and post test will be
administered.
Ethical Considerations
In conducting the research, full consent of the participants was obtained before the data
collection. The researchers made sure that the participants were not subjected to any harm. The
participants' privacy and the confidentiality of the data they provided were maintained. The data
provided was strictly used for research purposes only. The participants were free to withdraw from
and to assess the difference and relationship between set of variables. The following statistical tools
will be utilized:
1. Paired T-test
To compare the results and relationship of posttest and pretest results, paired t-test will be utilized.
This type of test will help to determine whether the anti-sleep glasses prototype has a significant
effect on the following variables: class participation, degree of sleepiness, and signs of sleepiness.
Accordingly, the researchers will utilize Microsoft Excel as a data analysis tool.
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To interpret the computed means, the researchers will use the following mean range
interpretation table for in 4-point Likert scale and 7-point Likert-scale from Stanford
Sleepiness scale.
C. Standardized Epworth Sleep Scale (ESS) scoring adopted from Johns (1991)
SCORE INTERPRETATION
0-7 It is unlikely that you are abnormally sleepy.
8-9 You have an average amount of daytime sleepiness.
10-15 You may be excessively sleepy depending on the situation
16-24 You are excessively sleepy and should consider seeking medical attention
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The two components of an infrared sensor—the emitter (transmitter) and the receiver
will be utilized as a receiver for reflected IR radiation, and the IR LED will be employed as a
transmitter. The infrared light produced by an infrared LED next to the photodiode, which the
researchers will be operating in the eye blink sensor, is particularly sensitive to the photodiode. The
glasses can use the amount of acquired infrared light to adjust the photodiode's resistance and output
voltage. The eye blink sensor's primary IR sensor operating concept is as follows (CircuitsBazaar,
2021).
2. Board: Arduino
a publicly accessible and physical computing platform grounded from a simple microcontroller
board and development environment for writing software. Arduino programs are divided into three
major sections: structure, values, and function. Arduino software is employed in order to upload
without discomfort for extended periods while transmitting sound to our inner ears. The
transmission of sound waves via bone is known as bone conduction. Bone-conduction headphones
transmit sound waves to cochlea through cheekbones, bypassing the eardrums entirely. According
to Dr. Bondurant (2020), a director of Pennsylvania Ear Institute (PEI), bone conduction
headphones can still damage hearing when sound is played at high volumes and when used
improperly. In addition, as cited by He (2018), the performance on a dichotic task was worse when
(2011) found that participants' situation awareness was better when using bone-conduction
headphones than in-ear headphones. Furthermore, there were differences in the subjective
participant testimonials, they like the bone-conduction headphones more "because their feeling of
of the bone conduction to the Arduino Pro Mini will be tested by using a breadboard. According to
Buckley (2022), a breadboard is a simple device designed to create and test circuits without the
need for soldering. They come in various sizes, and the designs can vary. Breadboards allow
beginners to get acquainted, and even tinkerers use breadboards as starting points for large-scale
projects.
Prototype Creation
Figure 3: Wiring diagram for alarm and detection system by Suresh (2022)
(BC 547)
1. IR sensors has two main parts: the receiver and the emitter. The photo diode (black)
which serves as receiver, is placed next to the IR LED (white) in such a way that it
(+) is connected to the positive voltage (i.e., 5 volts) and anode (-) is connected to the
non-inverting input (+) of the Operational amplifier through the 10 Kilo ohm resistor
(R2) .
3. The potentiometer in IR sensor sets the sensitivity distance of the sensor, it is connected
to the inverting input (-) of the Opp-amplifier. The sensitivity can be set by rotating
4. Arduino Pro Mini and Arduino Uno will be used for this project. The two vary greatly
in terms of size, components, and functionality. Arduino Pro Mini is smaller and has
lesser pins and functionality compared to Arduino UNO. The two have also different
required voltage and methods to be powered. Arduino pro mini can only be powered
through external power sources (e.g., batteries) while Arduino UNOs can be powered
• To establish IR sensor’s functionality using Arduino pro mini, connect the VCC component
of the IR sensor to the upper VCC component of the Arduino Pro Mini and solder it using
• Next, connect the ground (GND) of the IR sensor to the upper GND of the Arduino Pro
Mini.
• Then, connect the output of the IR sensor to the Analog pin one (A1) of the Arduino Pro
Mini
• Add positive wires (red wires) at both left (+ charged) and right (- charged) terminal of
• Connect the red wire from the left terminal of the switch to the VCC of the Arduino Pro
• Meanwhile, connect the red wire from the switch’s right terminal to the positive terminal
• Then connect the negative terminal of the battery (black wire) to the collector/positive
• Lastly, connect the remaining length of the wire to the GND of the Arduino Pro Mini (the
BATTERY
ARDUINO PRO MINI
IR SENSOR
BUZZER
RESISTOR
NPN TRANSISTOR
Figure 10: Overall wiring Diagram for detection and basic alarm system
STEP 3: Driving the buzzer through NPN transistors, resistors, and Arduino Pro Mini
• To drive the buzzer and for it to receive some voltage, connect it first to the NPN transistor.
The blue wire/negative terminal at the left side of the buzzer must be soldered to the emitter
• Afterwards, connect the red positive terminal of the buzzer to the VCC of the Arduino Pro
• To connect NPN transistor to Arduino board, its base (the middle second pin) must be
• Then, connect the resistor to the RST pin, which is the 5th pin at the lower horizontal side
components to power up the IR sensor by pressing the switch connected to Arduino Pro
Mini.
• Then set the sensor’s sensitivity distance to a minimum, around 10mm or less by rotating
laptops/desktops for programming, Arduino Uno, which is another variant of Arduino with
• Upon preparing an Arduino Uno, remove its Integrated Circuit (IC) component then wire
• After wiring, connect the Arduino UNO to a laptop or desktop using a USB cable, then
The data presented on both table 1 and table 2 shows the Epworth Sleepiness Scale test score by
the participants from two grade 12 sections, which was administered for sample selection. The
scores were gathered by summing up all the values from each question. The values were derived
from the 4-likert scale with assign values ranging from 0 to 3. As a standardized test, the researchers
Table 1. Summary Table for Grade 12 Ampere’s ESS score arranged from ascending to
descending order.
AMPERE
Table 2: Summary Table of Tesla’s ESS score arranged from ascending to descending
order.
TESLA
the situation
the situation
the situation
the situation
the situation
daytime sleepiness
daytime sleepiness
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Q1 2 2 2.75 3
Q2 1.75 2 2 2
Q3 5 5 1.75 1
Q4 3.25 3 2.75 3
Q5 2.75 3 3.25 3
Q6 2.5 3 3.75 3
Table 3 presents the following pre-test and post-test means with their corresponding interpretation.
From the interpretation columns, it could be seen that almost all questions exhibit no big significant
difference between the interpretation scores, except from question no. 4. Hence it could be assumed
that aside from question number 4, the prototype will not have any significant difference or effect
on the variables covered by the following questions. However, in order to gather accurate and
further insights with the pretest and post test results, paired t-test Is employed.
Data from table 4 depicts that the computed value of -1 is less than the critical value of +-4.30 for
a two tailed test. The p-value of 0.42 is less than the confidence level of 0.05. Therefore, the null
hypothesis for this study will be accepted. The result indicates that the prototype has no significant
effect or difference on its wearers' class participation. Both means from pre-test and post-test
Presented data from table 5, exhibits similar results from the previous table (table 4), wherein the
computed value 0 lies on the accepted portion which is less than the critical value of 4.30265273.
The Pearson Correlation for table 5 also reveals that there is a negative correlation between the
prototype’s speed of detection and extent of napping. Therefore, it could be said that the prototype
speed of detection has no significant effect on the extent of napping and, as either of the two
From the presented data from table 6, it is evident that the p-value 0.03 is less than the level of
confidence 0.05. Meanwhile the t value (computed value) of 5.120 is greater (>) than the critical
value 4.30 and lies on the rejection portion. Hence the null hypothesis for question 1 that states,
"the glasses has no significant effect on attentiveness is rejected, indicating that the prototype has
a significant effect or difference in the alertness level of its wearer. This result also reflects on the
From table 7, it is apparent that the computed value (t Stat) is less than the critical value and lies
on the acceptance region, and the p-value is greater than the confidence level of 0.05, hence the
null hypothesis is accepted, suggesting that the prototype has no significant difference on the
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drowsiness signs exhibited by its wearer. The interpretation is also evident at the computed mean
Table 8 shows that the prototype has no significant effect or difference on the respondents’ class
comprehension. From the data it can be observed that the computed value (t Stat) of -2 is less than
the critical value of 4.30 and the p-value of 0.18 is greater than the confidence level of 0.05, thus
Similar to previous results, table 9 also reveals that the prototype has no significant effect or
difference on its wearer’s overall class performance. As seen on the table, computed value (t Stat)
of -2 is less than the critical value of 4.30265273 and the p-value of 0.18 is greater than the
Prior and upon posttest, significant questions related to the prototype’s experience were examined.
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From figure 1, 4 out of 4 respondents responded that they feel comfortable while wearing the
device.
From figure 2, out of four (4) respondents, two (2) responded that they did not experience any
complications while wearing the glasses, while one (1) participant responded for the blinking delay,
and one participant (1) raised the possible complication for IR sensor light’s eye irritation.
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Figure 3 shows that all four (4) respondents were likely to wear the device in future.
Figure 4 shows that out of four (4) respondents, three (3) respondents find the beeping alarm of the
prototype extremely sufficient as they are light sleepers, while one (1) respondent find it sufficient.
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Figure 5 presents the respondents’ suggestions for device’s improvement, which were primarily
centered on improving the prototype’s beeping alarm, design, and speed of detection.
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
This section presents the findings revealed upon researchers ’analysis. The findings were arranged
1. Paired T-test revealed that the prototype has no significant difference on drowsiness
signs. Additionally, the means of drowsiness signs from both pre-test and posttest did
2. The prototype has a significant effect on alertness level. Huge mean difference from
the data also reveals that there is an increase of attentiveness between the participants’
3. The prototype has no significant result on the following variables: perceived class
Moreover, the means of the mentioned variables from both pre-test and posttest does
4. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the prototype’s speed of detection has a
Here are the results in accordance with the participants’ experience with the anti-sleep glasses:
• Delayed blinking detection and IR sensor's light irritability were among the complications
• 4 out of 4 participants responded that they are likely to use the device in the future.
• Majority of the participants responded that the device is extremely sufficient as most of
• Improvement of the beeping alarm, design, and detection speed were among the provided
CONCLUSION
The findings of the paired t-test analysis suggest that the anti-sleep glasses device has a huge
significant effect on improving its wearers’ attentiveness level. However, its significant impact on
increasing alertness level while wearing it in a class setting does not guarantee the following
academic components: class participation, class comprehension, and class performance. Thus, the
mentioned findings are contrary to previous studies claim that academic participation can be
determined through students' attentiveness. However, it is important to take note that the generated
data and results from the mentioned variables were solely based on the respondents’ perception
only, as the researchers were not able to conduct the last intervention in a class setting due to class
schedule constraint.
Notably, as the prototype has no significant difference on drowsiness signs, this indicates that the
anti-sleep glasses may not completely eradicate all signs of sleepiness. Additionally, the speed of
the glasses’ detection system may not automatically constitute to the shortened extent of napping
of its wearers, since the Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the prototype’s speed of detection
has a negative correlation with its wearer’s extent of sleeping, hence even if the detection system
On the other side, as majority of the respondents find the device’s beeping alarm sufficient as they
are light sleepers, therefore, it can be concluded that the deepness of sleep may affect the effectivity
RECOMMENDATIONS
Given the promising results of past studies on the usage of anti-sleep glasses in the driving context,
which have shown a reduction in sleepiness and improvement in alertness, this study applied the
concept to an academic setting. Upon conducting the research, here are the following
1. It is recommended for future researchers to focus on improving the reliability and usability
2. The researchers suggest using up-to-date materials. Improving the design by investigating
the feasibility of integrating wireless technology into the glasses to eliminate the need for
wires and improve user comfort and convenience is advisable. Enhancing aspects such as
of the device’s alarm system and deepness of sleep in a classroom setting through statistical
methods, hence by doing so, employing the buzzer or alarm system’s adjustability is also
recommended.
4. Possible health complications of the device, brought by its alarm system and eye detection
5. Lastly, the trial should have a sufficient sample size and be conducted in a real classroom
setting to obtain significant results that allow for generalizations and more meaningful
findings, ensuring that the collected data is reliable and not too limited.
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APPENDICES
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Please be assured that all your responses will be kept confidential and will only be used for
research purposes.
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Good day! We, G12- Ampere (STEM) researchers will be conducting a pre-test survey to
gauge our respondents’ experience with daytime sleepiness prior upon usage of our
anti-sleep glasses prototype. The survey will take approximately 2 minutes to complete
and consists of 10 multiple-choice questions.
Rest assured that all information provided will be kept confidential between the
researchers and respondents only. Thank you for your participation!
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CURRICULUM VITAE
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