Islamic University

Faculty of Engineering ‫الجامعة اإلسالميةكلية الهندسة‬

Department of ‫قسم الهندسة الميكانيكية‬
Mechanical Engineering

ME 415 – Automatic Control

ME_415_3417
Experiment 6
Flow Control with PID Controller

GRADING TABLE

Section No.: 1443

Name, Family Name: Mohammed Tahhan ID # : 392027113

Contents Grade Comm

ents
Report (Aim, Objective, Eqp., Theory/Principle) /20
Experimental Set-up /30
Observation (Data and/or Graphs) /25
Analysis /25

Total /100

Page 1 of 5
 Islamic University
Faculty of Engineering ‫الجامعة اإلسالمية كليه‬
Department of ‫الهندسة قسم الهندسة‬
Mechanical Engineering ‫الميكانيكية‬

ME 415 – AUTOMATIC CONTROL

EXPERIMENT 7

Flow Control with PID Controller

AIM

To examine the behavior of a flow controller in a stationary condition.

OBJECTIVES

• To read and differentiate the behavior of flow controller with P, PI and PID
controllers.

EQUIPMENT

1. Reference Variable Generator- 734 02

2. PID Digital Controller 734 064
3. Digital Liquid Controlled System- 734 265
4. Profi-CASSY Starter 2
5. Stabilized Power Supply ±15V/3A – 726 86
6. Bridging Plugs and Cables
7. PC

INTRODUCTION

This experiment examines the behavior of a flow controller in a stationary condition.

The closed control circuit is created through the feedback of the controlled variable (=
flow rate) to the negative input of the controller. In the following experiments, the flow
will be controlled with the help of an electronic controller whose parameters are
changed through the adjuster in the front panel. When controller parameters are chosen
correctly, the flow rate will be kept consistent with the external set-point variable (set-
point control). Profi-CASSY and CASSY Lab software will be used for measurement
and analysis.

Page 2 of 5
The fill level system is composed of Tank 2 and outflow valve V2. The flow system
possessing a self-priming gear pump capable of delivering the necessary inflow Qzu
for the fill level system is used to fill the container. In this experiment, the fill level will
be measured in relation to the position of outflow valve V2. Since the pump output for
open loops varies with the operating time, all experiments are carried out using a
cascaded flow control (mode: closed). The flow control also compensates for the
pump's drift, thus facilitating an approximately linear correlation between the control
voltage VIN and the inflow into the tank. When taking measurements, slow equalization
processes should be taken into account.

Important Notes:
• The pump M can function bi-directionally.
• For positive control voltage VIN > 0, the measuring tank (TANK 2) will be filled.
• For negative control voltage VIN < 0, the measuring tank will be emptied.
• For bidirectional operation of the pump, POLARITY = BIPOLAR must be
selected.
• The measuring tank can also be passively emptied by gravity. Valve V2 is used
to adjust the liquid outflow.
• Controller settings must be set individually for each liquid controlled system. So
the optimal controller settings may deviate from the values given.

REFERENCE BEHAVIOUR WITH P, PI AND PID CONTROLLER

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND RECORDS

1. Set up the experiment as shown in figure 1:

Figure 1: Experimental Set-up

Page 3 of 5
2. The Profi-CASSY module has the following functions in this experiment:

OUTPUT X Set-point variable

OUTPUT Y Reset of the integrator in the PID digital controller

INPUT A Measurement of the Flow rate

Table 1: Functions of Profi-CASSY Module

3. Switch on the DC power supply module.

4. Set the following on the PID digital controller and liquid controlled system module:

PID Digital Set of Parameters 1 Set of Parameters 2 Set of Parameters 3

Controller

Gain 𝑲𝑷 1.3 1.1 1.7

Integral Time 𝑻𝑰 OFF 0.4 s 0.55 s

Derivate Time 𝑻𝒅 OFF OFF 0.10 s

Liquid Controlled
System

Valve 𝑽𝟏 Full Open Full Open Full Open

Valve 𝑽𝟐 Any Any Any

Polarity Unipolar Unipolar Unipolar

Mode Open Open Open

Table 2: Settings for PID Controller System and Liquid Controlled System

5. Start Cassy Lab Software on your PC.

6. Turn off the PID control variables and then set the reference variable to square wave

oscillation with 4V DC offset and 𝑉𝑃 = 0.5 𝑉 using the reference voltage 𝑈𝑦 in the
Cassy lab software.
7. Start measurements and then turn on the PID control variables. Record the

measurements in figure 2, 3 and 4 for the set of parameters 1, 2 and 3. Label the
figures accordingly.
Page 4 of 5
Gain (KP): A gain of 1.3 defines how sensitive the controller is to deviations from the
setpoint. A greater gain value means the controller will respond to deviations faster, but
too high a value might cause instability.

Integral Time (TI): The integral time is set to OFF, indicating that the controller's
integral action will not be employed. Because the integral action is in charge of
eliminating the steady-state error in the control system, the absence of this action
implies that the system may have a non-zero steady-state error.

Derivative Time (Td): The derivative time is also set to OFF, indicating that the
controller's derivative action will not be used. Because the derivative action is
responsible for lowering overshoot and enhancing control system stability, its absence
may result in greater overshoot.

Page 5 of 5
Gain (KP): A gain of 1.1 defines how sensitive the controller is to deviations from the
setpoint. A greater gain value means the controller will respond to deviations faster, but
too high a value might cause instability.
Integral Time (TI): The integral time is set to 0.4 s, indicating that the controller's
integral action will be used. Because the integral action removes the steady-state error in
the control system, having this action will assist in reducing or eliminating the steady-
state error.
Derivative Time (Td): The derivative time is set to OFF, indicating that the controller's
derivative action will not be used.

Page 6 of 5
Gain (KP): A gain of 1.7 defines how sensitive the controller is to deviations from the
setpoint. A greater gain value means the controller will respond to deviations faster, but
too high a value might cause instability.
Integral Time (TI): The integral time is set to 0.55 s, indicating that the controller's
integral action will be employed. Because the integral action removes the steady-state
error in the control system, having this action will assist in reducing or eliminating the
steady-state error.
Derivative Time (Td): The derivative time is set to 0.10 s, indicating that the controller's
derivative action will be used. Because the derivative action is crucial for minimizing
overshoot and enhancing control system stability, having this action will help minimize
overshoot and increase stabil

Page 7 of 5
ANALYSIS

Based on the graphs for different controllers, interpret for which set of parameters the
control quality is highest? And why?

Interpret which set of settings has the best control quality based on the graphs for
different controllers. And why is this so?

Based on the graphs and parameters set, Set of Parameters 3 has the best control
quality.

This is due to Set of Parameters 3 having a Derivative Time (Td) of 0.10 seconds,
which helps to lessen the system's overshoot and oscillation. This results in smoother
and more reliable liquid system control.

Furthermore, the Gain (KP) is set to 1.7, which means that the controller will respond
forcefully to any changes in the system, keeping it under control.

As a result, Set of Parameters 3 offers the optimum blend of responsiveness and

stability, making it the best choice for the highest control quality.

Page 8 of 5