WHAT IS A

SENTENCE?
A N D W H AT I S I T M A D E O F ? ☺
SENTENCE
(NOUN)
A SENTENCE IS A GROUP OF WORDS WHICH EXPRESSES A
COMPLETE THOUGHT.

A SENTENCE MUST CONTAIN A SUBJECT AND A VERB,

ALTHOUGH SOMETIMES ONE IS IMPLIED.
BUT… WHAT IS IT MADE OF?
Subject:
The subject is usually a noun--a
word that names a person, place, or
thing. Sometimes this is implied, not
written.
Predicate:
The verb usually follows the subject
and identifies an action or a state of
being.
An object receives the action and
usually follows the verb. The object
is also part of the predicate.
SUBJECT: A PERSON, PL ACE, THING OR IDEA CREATING
THE ACTION OR VERB.

The dog barked.

The alligator swam.
The tiger roared.
PREDICATE:
THE ACTION TAKING PL ACE OR STATE OF BEING + OBJECT OF
ACTION.

• The dog barked at the cat.

• The gator swam to the shore.
• The tiger roared fiercely at the
approaching person.
 PRACTICE! ☺
L ABEL THE SUBJECT IN NUMBERS 1 -4 AND THE PREDICATE IN
NUMBERS 5-8.

1. The amazing magician made the 5. I decided to go for a run.

hefty elephant disappear. 6. Granny Smith apples are very tart.
2. My friends and I love to hang out 7. “Somewhere Over the Rainbow” is my
and watch scary movies. favorite song.
3. The suave gentleman approached 8. Once in a while, I like to eat broccoli.
the lovely lady with a bouquet of
flowers.
4. Call 9-1-1!
ARE THERE DIFFERENT KINDS OF
SENTENCES? ☺ … YES!
Declarative: Makes a statement
and ends with a period.
Interrogative: Asks a questions
and ends with a question mark.
I need a vacation.
Imperative: Gives a command or
makes a request and ends in a period.
Exclamatory: Expresses strong
feeling and ends in an exclamation
mark.
Let’s play!
PRACTICE! ☺
L ABEL EACH SENTENCE BELOW AS DECL ARATIVE (D),
INTERROGATIVE (INT), IMPERATIVE (IMP), OR EXCL AMATORY (E).
1. I love cupcakes! 5. My dog is the most handsome dog in the
2. Why are cupcakes so good? entire universe!
3. My mom makes the best cupcakes. 6. Go, fetch.
4. Make me some cupcakes, please. 7. Who’s a good boy?
8. My dog’s name is Doctor Shepard.
 ARE THERE DIFFERENT KINDS OF
WORDS? …YES! ☺
There are EIGHT basic parts of speech
1. Noun: a person, place, thing or idea.
Examples: Mr. Bond, AFIS, alligator,
peace
2. Verb: expresses action or state of
being.
Examples: smile, dance, sing, cheer
3. Adjective: describes a noun.
Examples: awesome, green, fun
4. Adverb: modifies a verb, adjective, or
another adverb.
Examples: quickly, very, simply
5. Pronoun: takes the place of a noun.
Examples: she, he, it, you, me, we, my, they, I
6. Preposition: shows relationship to the
noun
Examples: in, on, above, below, against
7. Conjunctions: joins words or phrases
together
Examples: and, or, but
8. Interjections: exclamations expressing
emotion
Examples: Oh! Wow! Yay!
PRACTICE! ☺
LABEL EACH WORD WITH THE CORRECT PART OF
SPEECH.
1. Listen 9. Above
2. Palisade 10. They
3. It 11. Fabulous
4. Glorious 12. Bravo!
5. Next to 13. Either… or
6. Sneakily 14. Explode
7. Ugh! 15. Yeti
8. Because 16. Excitedly
NOUN: A PERSON, PLACE, THING OR
IDEA EXAMPLES:
• Common Nouns: names general items • Common:
or a class of items, not particular ones. – dog, actor, sports team
• Proper Nouns: Names a specific item • Proper:
and is always capitalized, regardless of – Aladdin, Leonardo Dicaprio, Real Madrid
where it falls in the sentence. • Concrete:
• Concrete Nouns: Can be sensed – an apple, poison, handshake
through sight, hearing, smell, taste or • Abstract:
touch. – Love, hate, loyalty

• Abstract Nouns: Cannot be sensed

through sight, hearing, smell, taste, or
touch.
 PRACTICE! ☺
L ABEL EACH NOUN BELOW AS INDICATED.

COMMON OR PROPER? ABSTRACT OR CONCRETE?

1. Kitten 1. Love
2. Oreo 2. Ice cream
3. Author 3. Puppy
4. City 4. Trust
5. Document 5. Loyalty
6. Declaration of Independence 6. Relaxation
7. Mt. Everest 7. French fries
8. J.K. Rowling 8. Destruction
 VERB: EXPRESSES ACTION OR A
STATE OF BEING
ACTION VERBS:
Express action, something that a person,
animal, force of nature, or thing can do.
In the library and at church, Michele giggles
inappropriately.
Giggling is something that Michele can do.
Because of the spicy Jamaican pepper, David
reached for his glass of iced tea.
Reaching is something that David can do—happily, if
his mouth is on fire.
LINKING VERBS:
Connect the subject of the verb to
additional information about the subject.
Jessica is a shopaholic.
“Is-ing” isn't something that Jessica can do. “Is”
connects the subject, Jessica, to additional
information about her, that she will soon have a
huge credit card bill to pay.
During the afternoon, my cats are content to
nap on the porch.
“Are-ing” isn't something that cats can do. “Are” is
connecting the subject, cats, to something said
about them, that they enjoy sleeping on the porch.
 PRACTICE! ☺
L ABEL EACH VERB BELOW AS ACTION OR LINKING.

1. A ten-item quiz seems impossibly long

after a night of no studying.
2. I smell the delicious aroma of a pizza
baking in the oven.
3. Irene always feels sleepy after pigging
out on pizza from Antonio's.
4. The blue jay appeared happy to see the
bird feeder.
5. Swooping out of the clear blue sky, the
blue jay appeared on the branch.
ACTION VERBS:
Express action, something that a
person, animal, force of nature, or
thing can do.
LINKING VERBS:
Connect the subject of the verb
to additional information about
the subject.
 ADJECTIVE: DESCRIBES A NOUN
Adjectives describe nouns by
answering one of these three
questions:
• What kind is it?
• How many are there?
• Which one is it?
What kind?
• Dan decided that the fuzzy green bread
would make an unappetizing sandwich.
How Many?
• Seven hungry space aliens slithered into
the diner and ordered vanilla milkshakes.
Which one?
• The most unhealthy item from the
cafeteria is the steak sub, which will
slime your hands with grease.
 PRACTICE! ☺
IDENTIFY EACH ADJECTIVE IN THE SENTENCES BELOW.
1. The fluffy white polar bear stood on
the largest piece of ice. (4)
2. My favorite movie is about a crazy
man who seeks revenge for his lost
love. (3)
3. My two best friends and I went to see
a scary movie. (3)
4. Granny makes the most delicious
banana bread. (3)
5. Farmer Joe grows the biggest
tomatoes in town. (2)
 ADVERB: DESCRIBES A VERB
ADVERBS provide a more specific meaning to
an action or state of being.They answer the
Avoid an adverb when a single
questions “how,” “where,” and “when?” Also, stronger word will do! ☺
they commonly end in the letters L-Y. For example, don't write drink quickly
when you mean gulp, or walk slowly
Examples: when you mean saunter, or very
hungry when you mean ravenous.
Our basset hound Bailey sleeps
peacefully on the living room floor.
Tyler stumbled in the completely dark
kitchen.
Lenora rudely grabbed the last chocolate
cookie.
Timmy very happily joined the game at
the coach’s request for him to replace Joe.
 PRACTICE! ☺
IDENTIFY EACH ADVERB(S) IN THE SENTENCES BELOW.
1. The exquisite lace gown was delicately
crafted.
2. The lovely bride blushed bashfully as the
priest announced her groom could kiss
her.
3. Our newly adopted kitten purred softly.
He was eternally grateful to have a home.
4. My accountant is more financially savvy
than I am.
5. George stopped the car abruptly to avoid
hitting the turtle in the road.
 PRONOUN: REPLACES A NOUN
Whenever you use a personal pronoun
EXAMPLES:
like she, it, or they, you first have to have an
antecedent, the word that the pronoun is • He, she, it
replacing. • His, hers, theirs
• Me, myself, I, my

Gustavo slowed to the speed limit when he • They, theirs

saw the police cruiser in the rearview • We, us, ours
mirror.
Princess Belle was filled with delight when
she entered the grand library.
My friends and I are going to the mall, we
love to go shopping.
Her parents won’t let her spend the night,
they are so strict!
 PRACTICE! ☺
IDENTIFY EACH PRONOUN(S) IN THE SENTENCES BELOW.

1. Eleanor and Lucy were 4. The band members gathered

travelling to their 50th high their equipment and loaded it
school reunion. on the bus.
2. My family is preparing for our 5. My favorite book is “Pride and
annual Christmas talent show. Prejudice,” have you read it?
3. The child sneaked into the
pantry and ate chocolate
knowing she wasn’t supposed
to.
PREPOSITIONS: SHOW RELATIONSHIP
TO THE NOUN
about because of except like since
before except for near through
above The puppy is on the floor.
throughout
according to behind excepting next till
across below for of to
after beneath from off toward
beside in on under
against underneath
between in addition to onto
along in back of on top of unlike The animals are in the
beyond until
along with in case of out bucket.
by up
among in front of out of
by means of upon
apart from concerning in place of outside up to
around despite inside over with
as in spite of past within
down without
as for during instead of regarding
into round The kittens are beside
at each other.
 PRACTICE! ☺
IDENTIFY EACH PREPOSITION IN THE SENTENCES BELOW.

1. Come along with us.

2. Behind every strong woman is a
supportive dog.
3. George danced in front of the
whole school.
4. Can you read between the
lines?
5. You have to look within yourself
to find the force.
CONJUNCTIONS: JOINS WORDS OR
PHRASES TOGETHER
Most common conjunctions:
FANBOYS! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3qbfcHi
• For → because/why UrcI

• And → additional information

• Nor → not either
• But → contrast
• Or → choices
• Yet → contrast
• So → as a result of
PRACTICE! ☺
WRITE IN AN APPROPRIATE CONJUNCTION FOR THE SENTENCES
BELOW.
1. My dad loves to fix cars, he hates to do
the dishes.
2. Mr. Whiskers couldn’t decide if he
wanted to be pet to be played
with.
3. On Tuesday, we went to the mall
then to the movie theater.
4. Lydia ran out of tomatoes, she had
to go to the grocery store.
5. It was past Johnny’s bedtime,
he stayed up to watch TV anyway.
INTERJECTIONS: EXCLAMATIONS
EXPRESSING EMOTION ☺
Interjections are the original emoji.
They communicate the facial EXAMPLES:
expressions and body language that a
• Bazinga • Ugh
sentence may not be able to capture.
• Boo-yah • Uh-oh
• Eek • Yikes
The burrito is vegan! ☺ =
• Eww • Way to go
The burrito is vegan! Yum!
• Hooray • Holy moly
The burrito is vegan!  = • Oops • Sweet
The burrito is vegan! Yuck! • Ouch • Oh, the horror
INTERJECTIONS: CONTINUED
PUNCTUATION MATTERS! ☺
Strong interjections are punctuated Weaker emotions are punctuated with a
with an exclamation mark. Think of comma or period: Meh, uh-oh, Typical.
the strong emojis: Hooray! Yay! Way
to go! Holy cow!

When are interjections appropriate?

• Texting and Email
Confusion and disbelief can be
• Casual conversation
illustrated through an interjection
ending in a question mark: Huh? Oh, • Dialogue
really?
Not for use in formal situations! ☺
PRACTICE! ☺
WRITE AN APPROPRIATE INTERJECTION FOR EACH SENTENCE.
1. I cannot believe we are eating leftover vegan
burritos for a third night. ______
2. _____ That's a ballerina dancing in the
hallway!
3. _______ You want me—the person with a 2
average—to help with your algebra
homework?
4. You killed a rattlesnake with a salad fork?
________
5. It looks like George is skipping class even
though our group presentation is due today.
________