BLDG6241– Building Information Modeling in Construction

Design Coordination
Dr. Jong Won Ma
Assistant Professor

Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering

Concordia University

1
Timeline
Date Week Topics Assignment Due
Jan. 11 1 Lecture 1: Course Introduction & Lecture 2: Introduction to BIM

Lecture 3: Setting Up a Project for Success & Lab 1: Hands-on 3D Modeling (Autodesk Revit
Jan. 18 2
Architecture)
Jan. 25 3 Lecture 4: Model-based Cost Estimating & Lab 2: Hands-on Model-based Cost Estimating

Feb. 1 4 Quiz 1 & Teams to work on HW1 in class

Group Presentations: HW 1 (presenting groups 1-4) & Quiz 1 Re-visit HW1

Feb. 8 5
Lecture 5: Project Scheduling and 4D Simulation & Lab 3: Hands-on 4D Simulation
Feb. 15 6 Quiz 2 & Teams to work on HW2 in class
Group Presentations: HW 2 (presenting groups 5-8)
Feb. 22 7 HW2
Lecture 6: Design Coordination & Lab 4: Hands-on Design Coordination
Mar. 1 8 No class - Mid-term break
Quiz 3 & Teams to work on HW3 in class Synthesis Report
Mar. 8 9
Outline
Group Presentations: HW 3 (presenting groups 9-12) HW3
Mar. 15 10 Lecture 7: Construction Progress Monitoring Technologies & Lab 5: Hands-on As-built Modeling and
Documentation
Mar. 22 11 Guest Lecture (Austin Commercial) & Teams to work on HW4 in class

Guest Lecture (Autodesk) & Lecture 8: Last lecture

Mar. 29 12
Teams to work on HW4 in class
Quiz 4 HW4, Synthesis
Apr. 5 13
Group Presentations: HW 4 (presenting groups 13-15) Report

2
Overview
• Design Coordination
• Design Coordination Workflow
• Success Factors

3
Design Coordination
Architect & Engineer Subcontractors

Exterior Interior
Mechanical Plumbing
Architectural Architectural

Fire
Structural Electrical
Protection

4
Design Coordination
• Architect & Engineers typically produce LOD 300 models for architectural /
structural models and also provide schematic designs of MEP system layouts
• Subcontractors (specialty contractors who are responsible for the
installation) finish the final detailed design of each element
• A multitude of models is generated from multiple disciplines (e.g.,
Architectural, Structural, Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing, Framing, Fire
Protection, Site Utilities, …)
• Inevitable conflicts between them
5
Design Coordination
Traditional Approach
• Overlay 2D drawings on a light
table
(Struct. vs Mech.)
(Struct. vs Elec.)
(Struct. vs Plum.)
(Mech. Vs Elec.)
Iterate this for all discipline…

• Visual inspection
• Bring back the results to the
offices
• Modify the model (Relocate)
• Design coordination again…
6
Design Coordination
BIM-based Approach

Federated Model Automated Clash Detection

7
Design Coordination Workflow
GC’s BIM Manager roles
• Maintains the design coordination model (Federated model)
• Serves as the main point of contact for the designers and subcontractors
regarding BIM issues
• Runs design coordination sessions during the construction phase with
subcontractors and designers
• Manages subcontractor record modeling and deliverables
• Manages file sharing/coordination software

8
Design Coordination Workflow

Federated Sorting and Design

Internal Clash
3D Modeling Model Grouping of Coordination
Coordination Detection
Assembly Clashes Meeting

Led by Subcontractor Led by BIM Manager

9
 Design Coordination Workflow
LOD 300 Base model
(structural and architectural)
& LOD 400 Subcontractors’
models using Model
Authoring tool (e.g., Autodesk
Revit)

Federated Sorting and Design

Internal Clash
3D Modeling Model Grouping of Coordination
Coordination Detection
Assembly Clashes Meeting

Led by Subcontractor Led by BIM Manager

10
 Design Coordination Workflow
LOD 300 Base model
(structural and architectural)
& LOD 400 Subcontractors’
models using Model
Authoring tool (e.g., Autodesk
Revit)

Federated Sorting and Design

Internal Clash
3D Modeling Model Grouping of Coordination
Coordination Detection
Assembly Clashes Meeting

Each subcontractor
performing internal
coordination of their models
via visual walkthroughs &
clash detection using software
systems (e.g., Navisworks
Manage) Led by Subcontractor Led by BIM Manager

11
 Design Coordination Workflow
LOD 300 Base model
(structural and architectural)
& LOD 400 Subcontractors’
models using Model Assembling distinct discipline
Authoring tool (e.g., Autodesk models to generate a
Revit) federated model

Federated Sorting and Design

Internal Clash
3D Modeling Model Grouping of Coordination
Coordination Detection
Assembly Clashes Meeting

Each subcontractor
performing internal
coordination of their models
via visual walkthroughs &
clash detection using software
systems (e.g., Navisworks
Manage) Led by Subcontractor Led by BIM Manager

12
 Design Coordination Workflow
LOD 300 Base model
(structural and architectural)
& LOD 400 Subcontractors’
models using Model Assembling distinct discipline
Authoring tool (e.g., Autodesk models to generate a
Revit) federated model

Federated Sorting and Design

Internal Clash
3D Modeling Model Grouping of Coordination
Coordination Detection
Assembly Clashes Meeting

Each subcontractor 1) Hard Clash

performing internal 2) Soft Clash
coordination of their models 3) Temporary Workflow Clash
via visual walkthroughs &
clash detection using software
systems (e.g., Navisworks
Manage) Led by Subcontractor Led by BIM Manager

13
Design Coordination Workflow
Clash Detection
Types of Clashes
1) Hard clash: A clash between two physical elements occupying the same
physical space (e.g., a pipework through a steel beam or a column inside a
wall)

A pipe penetrating mechanical duct system (Hu, 2019) Light fixture running through an HVAC duct (Leite, 2019)
14
Design Coordination Workflow
Clash Detection
Types of Clashes
2) Soft/Clearance clash: When elements aren’t given spatial tolerances
needed or if a buffer zone is breached (e.g., not enough space for the access &
installation)

Too tight space for future maintenance between two HVAC Slab exceeding minimum clearance zone
equipment (Leite, 2019) https://www.bim42.com/2015/05/improve-clash-detection/

15
 Design Coordination Workflow
Clash Detection
Types of Clashes
3) Temporary workflow clash: Timeline/scheduling-type conflicts, such as
scheduling of contractors or delivery of equipment and materials (e.g., Crane
location and movement incurring freeze of the nearby activities). Also referred
to 4D clashes.

https://dissolve.com/video/Cranes-construction-site-
working-new-skyscrapers-Montreal-royalty-free-stock-
video-footage/001-D498-4-035 Multiple cranes in Montreal, Quebec
16
 Design Coordination Workflow
LOD 300 Base model
(structural and architectural)
& Revit) LOD 400
Subcontractors’ models using Assembling distinct discipline Precision & Recall
Model Authoring tool (e.g., models to generate a (TP/FP/FN/TN)
Autodesk federated model Grouping/Organization

Federated Sorting and Design

Internal Clash
3D Modeling Model Grouping of Coordination
Coordination Detection
Assembly Clashes Meeting

Each subcontractor 1) Hard Clash

performing internal 2) Soft Clash
coordination of their models 3) Temporary Workflow Clash
via visual walkthroughs &
clash detection using software
systems (e.g., Navisworks
Manage) Led by Subcontractor Led by BIM Manager

17
Design Coordination Workflow
Sorting and Grouping Clashes
• Clashes identified from the clash-detection software are not ALL
VALID/RELEVANT - Usually 20% of the clashes identified from the
software are VALID/RELEVANT clashes
• BIM Manager should clean the noise prior to the design coordination
meeting

18
Design Coordination Workflow
Sorting and Grouping Clashes
Confusion Matrix – Precision & Recall

19
Design Coordination Workflow
Sorting and Grouping Clashes
Confusion Matrix – Precision & Recall

Clash is predicted by the software &

TRUE (Actually that is a clash)
(e.g., what you really want to find)

20
Design Coordination Workflow
Sorting and Grouping Clashes
Confusion Matrix – Precision & Recall

Clash is predicted by the software &

TRUE (Actually that is a clash)
(e.g., what you really want to find)

Clash is predicted by the software &

FALSE (Actually that is NOT a clash)
(e.g., Repeated clashes - a pipe
penetrating multiple objects & Object
modeled in parts)

21
Design Coordination Workflow
Sorting and Grouping Clashes
Confusion Matrix – Precision & Recall

Clash is predicted by the software & Clash is NOT predicted &

TRUE (Actually that is a clash) FALSE (Actually that is a clash)
(e.g., what you really want to find) (e.g., Objects not being modeled / Soft
Clashes)

Clash is predicted by the software &

FALSE (Actually that is NOT a clash)
(e.g., Repeated clashes - a pipe
penetrating multiple objects & Object
modeled in parts)

22
Design Coordination Workflow
Sorting and Grouping Clashes
Confusion Matrix – Precision & Recall

Clash is predicted by the software & Clash is NOT predicted &

TRUE (Actually that is a clash) FALSE (Actually that is a clash)
(e.g., what you really want to find) (e.g., Objects not being modeled / Soft
Clashes)

Clash is predicted by the software & Clash is NOT predicted by the

FALSE (Actually that is NOT a clash) software &
(e.g., Repeated clashes - a pipe TRUE (Actually that is NOT a clash)
penetrating multiple objects & Object
modeled in parts – light fixture)

23
Find 10 different spots!

24
 Find 10 different spots!

Student A Student B

25
 Find 10 different spots!
Q) Which student
did better job?

Student A Student B

26
 Design Coordination Workflow
Sorting and Grouping Clashes
Confusion Matrix – Precision & Recall
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 ∩ 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑇𝑃
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = =
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑇𝑃 + 𝐹𝑃

𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 ∩ 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑇𝑃

𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙 = =
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑇𝑃 + 𝐹𝑁

27
 Design Coordination Workflow
Sorting and Grouping Clashes
Confusion Matrix – Precision & Recall
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 ∩ 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑇𝑃
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = =
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑇𝑃 + 𝐹𝑃

𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 ∩ 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑇𝑃

𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙 = =
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑇𝑃 + 𝐹𝑁
Thinking time (3 minutes)
Q1) [3D SOFTWARE VS MANUAL] Which one has high precision? How about recall?

Q2) [3D SOFTWARE VS MANUAL] Which one has high recall? How about precision?

28
 Design Coordination Workflow
Sorting and Grouping Clashes
Confusion Matrix – Precision & Recall
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 ∩ 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑇𝑃
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = =
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑇𝑃 + 𝐹𝑃

𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 ∩ 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑇𝑃

𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙 = =
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑇𝑃 + 𝐹𝑁
Thinking time (3 minutes)
Q1) [3D SOFTWARE VS MANUAL] Which one has high precision? How about recall?
MANUAL -> High precision & Low recall (missed many other actual clashes - FNs)
Q2) [3D SOFTWARE VS MANUAL] Which one has high recall? How about precision?
3D SOFTWARE -> High recall & Low precision (Many incorrect clashes - FPs)
29
Design Coordination Workflow
Sorting and Grouping Clashes
• Clashes identified from the clash-detection software are not ALL
VALID/RELEVANT - Usually 20% of the clashes identified from the
software are VALID/RELEVANT clashes
• BIM Manager should clean the noise prior to the design coordination
meeting

TRUE POSITIVE FALSE POSITIVE

• Low precision of Automated approach can be minimized with high detail
and high LOD

30
Design Coordination Workflow
Sorting and Grouping Clashes
Grouping Strategies
• BIM Manager should organize the clashes prior to the meeting
1) Clash Similarity – Disciplines (Mech. vs Elec. / Mech. vs. Plumb)
2) Clash Locality – Spatial location
3) One-to-many – One object has a collision with many other objects
/ parts in an object

31
Design Coordination Workflow
Sorting and Grouping Clashes
Generating Clash Report

https://beyonddesign.typepad.com/posts/2013/11/how-to-resolve-coordination-issues-with-bim-360-glue.html

32
 Design Coordination Workflow
LOD 300 Base model
(structural and architectural)
& Revit) LOD 400
Subcontractors’ models using Assembling distinct discipline Precision & Recall
Model Authoring tool (e.g., models to generate a (TP/FP/FN/TN)
Autodesk federated model Grouping/Organization

Federated Sorting and Design

Internal Clash
3D Modeling Model Grouping of Coordination
Coordination Detection
Assembly Clashes Meeting

Each subcontractor 1) Hard Clash

performing internal 2) Soft Clash
coordination of their models 3) Temporary Workflow Clash
via visual walkthroughs &
clash detection using software
systems (e.g., Navisworks
Manage) Led by Subcontractor Led by BIM Manager

33
Design Coordination Workflow
Design Coordination Meeting
• BIM Manager moderates the meeting
• Assists conflicts resolution between
subcontractors
• Hierarchy-based sequential resolution
- Architectural & Structural
- HVAC Ducts
- Gravity lines (e.g., waste and storm)
- Fire Protection
- Lighting fixtures
- Small-diameter pipes and valves
- etc. https://www.pepperconstruction.com/blog/technology-enabled-collaboration-during-preconstruction

34
Design Coordination Success Factors
• All files and information are available and accessible by all stakeholders at any time
• All essential stakeholders should present the design coordination session and show
active behavior -> Avoid saying “I will check it and get back to you soon next week”
• Do not rely on only in-person meeting -> sometimes, online meeting is much more
effective in terms of time and accessibility
• Participants should strictly follow the predefined coordination schedule
• All participants should record the changes together and have a clear understanding

35
Design Coordination Success Factors
Previous practices (PxP)
Predefine rules
Rules/Clearances/No Fly Zones Trade Colors for the models

36
Design Coordination Success Factors
Previous practices (PxP)
Predefine rules
Phased Approach

Structure
Architecture
HVAC
Fire Protection
MEP
37
Design Coordination Success Factors
Previous practices (PxP)
Predefine rules
Clash Organization

‘Trade on the left (Structure) > Trade on the right (Fire Protection)’
Resulted in 95% of clashes to be resolved outside of coordination meeting
(Remaining 5% are clashes that involved more than two trades)
38
Next class
• No class next week (Mar. 1)
• (Mar. 8) Quiz 3 – Covering topics in Lectures 2, 3, 4, and 5
• (Mar. 8) Q&A for HW3
• (Mar. 8) Synthesis Report Outline

39
Q&A

40