‫ﺧﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﺴﻮاﺋﻞ اﻟﺒﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬

RC Liquid reservoirs
(‫)اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﯿﻠﺔ‬

‫ ﻏﺴﺎن ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد‬.‫ م‬.‫ د‬.‫أ‬

-‫ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬- ‫ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺘﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﺢ‬
‫ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‬-‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬
Home Tel. 011-5428082, Mobile 0932-695996
E-mail: ghassan_m@mail2world.com

Prof. Dr. Eng. Ghassan Mahmoud /

1 Civil Engineering Faculty/ University
of Damascus

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 ‫اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﺘﻮﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ‪RC Rectangular Reservoirs‬‬
‫أﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﺔ اﺳﺘﮭﻼك اﻟﻤﻮاد ) اﻟﺒﯿﺘﻮن‪ ،‬اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ وﻏﯿﺮ ذﻟﻚ( ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻻﺳﻄﻮاﻧﯿﺔ‪ ،‬وﺗﻔﻀﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺿﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ وازداد اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﺪة وﺣﺪات ) ﺧﻼﯾﺎ(‬

‫وھﻲ ﺗﻨﻔﺬ ‪ - :‬ﻣﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻣﻐﻄﺎة‬
‫وﯾﻔﻀﻞ أﻻّ ﯾﺰﯾﺪ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪8m‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﺎذج ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﯿﻠﺔ‬

‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Ghassan Mahmoud /‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Civil Engineering Faculty/ University‬‬
‫‪of Damascus‬‬

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 ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﯿﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺣﯿﺚ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - H‬ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺨﺰان ‪ –L ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺠﺎھﯿﻦ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻲ أو اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻲ‪ .‬وﯾﻜﻮن أداء ھﺬه اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﺎﺳﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻇﻔﺮﯾﺎً ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﯿﺎً ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت ﻗﻠﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻖ ‪، Low-Depth Reservoirs‬‬
‫‪ -‬إﻃﺎرﯾﺎً أﻓﻘﯿﺎً ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت ﻛﺒﯿﺮة اﻟﻌﻤﻖ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -‬إﻃﺎرﯾﺎً أﻓﻘﯿﺎً ﻣﺘﺮاﻓﻘﺎً ﻣﻊ أداء ﻇﻔﺮي ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﯿﻘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Ghassan Mahmoud /‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪Civil Engineering Faculty/ University‬‬
‫‪of Damascus‬‬

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 ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺟﺪران اﻟﺨﺰان ﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬

Prof. Dr. Eng. Ghassan Mahmoud /

4 Civil Engineering Faculty/ University
of Damascus

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 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﯿﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺠﺪران‬

:‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ھﻨﺎ‬
(‫ ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺠﺪاول ) راﺟﻊ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬-
‫ ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻛﻼﯾﺒﯿﺮون‬+ :‫ ﻃﺮاﺋﻖ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﯿﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﯿﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬-
‫ ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻛﺮاﻣﺮ‬+

Prof. Dr. Eng. Ghassan Mahmoud /

5 Civil Engineering Faculty/ University
of Damascus

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 ‫ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ اﻟﺸﺮاﺋﺢ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺪران اﻟﻤﻮﺛﻮﻗﺔ وﺛﺎﻗﺔ ﺻﻠﺪة ﻣﻊ أرﺿﯿﺔ اﻟﺨﺰان‬
‫أن ﺗﺘﺸﻮه ﺑﺤﺮﯾﺔ‪ .‬ھﺬا ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ﺿﺮورة اﻷﺧﺬ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎن ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻟﻮﺛﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﯿﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺴﺐ ﺟﺪراﻧﮭﺎ ﻛﺸﺮاﺋﺢ إﻃﺎرﯾﺔ أﻓﻘﯿﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﺘﺪرﯾﺠﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻷداء اﻹﻃﺎري اﻷﻓﻘﻲ إﻟﻰ اﻷداء اﻟﻈﻔﺮي اﻟﺸﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ‬

‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﺷﻜﻮﻓﺴﻜﻲ ) ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﯿﺔ(‬

‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Ghassan Mahmoud /‬‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪Civil Engineering Faculty/ University‬‬
‫‪of Damascus‬‬

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 Claberon Method ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻛﻼﺑﯿﺮون‬

:‫• ﺣﺴﺎب ﻋﺰوم اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺠﺎه اﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬

، bcd ‫ واﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰ‬abc ‫ﺑﻨﺸﺮ اﻟﺠﺪران وﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺰوم اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰ‬
:ً‫ﻣﺜﻼ‬

:‫*** ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺔ‬

Prof. Dr. Eng. Ghassan Mahmoud /
7 Civil Engineering Faculty/ University
of Damascus

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 :‫ ﺗﻌﻄﻰ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻋﺰوم اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺠﺎه اﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‬،‫وﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم‬

‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬

:‫• ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺸﺎدة اﻷﻓﻘﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻘﺔ‬

Prof. Dr. Eng. Ghassan Mahmoud /

8 Civil Engineering Faculty/ University
of Damascus

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 ‫• ﺣﺴﺎب ﻋﺰوم اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء واﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺸﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻣﺒﺴﻄﺔ ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻋﺰوم اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء ﻓﻲ أﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﺠﺪران وﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺨﺎﺿﻊ ﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻋﺰم ﺳﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻘﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺨﺰان‬
‫ﻣﻜﺸﻮﻓﺎً )ﺣﺮاً ﻓﻲ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ وﻣﻮﺛﻮﻗﺎً ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﻔﻞ ( ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﻮدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ ذات اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Ghassan Mahmoud /‬‬

‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪Civil Engineering Faculty/ University‬‬
‫‪of Damascus‬‬

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 ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻛﺮاﻣﺮ ‪Cramar Method‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم ‪ ،‬وأﻛﺜﺮ ﻗﺒﻮﻻً ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن أﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ اﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺰان ﻣﺘﻘﺎرﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ اﻟﻄﻮل ‪ ،‬وﯾﻌﺪّ اﻟﺨﺰان ھﻨﺎ وﻓﻘﺎً ﻟﮭﺬه‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﺎﻟﺒﺔ ‪ :‬ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ أﻓﻘﯿﺔ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﺸﺮاﺋﺢ إﻃﺎرﯾﺔ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ ‪ ،‬وﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﯿﺔ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﺸﺮاﺋﺢ ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺔ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد اﻟﺠﺪار ﻓﻲ ﻃﺮﻓﯿﮫ ‪،‬‬
‫وﺗﺘﻮزع ﻗﻮى اﻟﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺪران ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﺎﻟﺒﺔ وﻓﻖ ﻧﺴﺐ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺑﺴﯿﻄﺔ ﺑﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻦ أرﺿﯿﺔ اﻟﺨﺰان ‪ ،‬وﺗﺤﺴﺐ اﻟﺠﺪران ﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ‬
‫ﻛﺄﻧﮭﺎ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮاﺋﺢ إﻃﺎرﯾﺔ أﻓﻘﯿﺔ ﺧﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﯿﺔ ‪ R‬ﺗﺒﻌﺎً ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻖ ‪ ،‬وﻇﻔﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻮﺛﻮق ﻓﻲ اﻷرﺿﯿﺔ وﺧﺎﺿﻊ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﯿﺔ ‪W‬‬

‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺋﻞ إﻟﻰ ﺣﻤﻮﻟﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﯿﺘﯿﻦ‬

‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Ghassan Mahmoud /‬‬

‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪Civil Engineering Faculty/ University‬‬
‫‪of Damascus‬‬

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 Prof. Dr. Eng. Ghassan Mahmoud /
11 Civil Engineering Faculty/ University
of Damascus

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 ‫) ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ‪ ،‬ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﻮدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب(‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻋﺰوم اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺟﺪران اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺮدة‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ ‪ ،xr‬ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻟﻠﺸﺮاﺋﺢ اﻟﻤﺪروﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻖ‪.‬‬

‫دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺸﺮاﺋﺢ اﻹﻃﺎرﯾﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ( a‬ﺧﺰان ﻣﻨﻔﺮد ‪(b ،‬ﺧﺰان ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ‪ (c ،‬ﺧﺰان ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺔ‬

‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Ghassan Mahmoud /‬‬

‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪Civil Engineering Faculty/ University‬‬
‫‪of Damascus‬‬

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 ‫ﻋﺰوم اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺠﺎه اﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬

Prof. Dr. Eng. Ghassan Mahmoud /

13 Civil Engineering Faculty/ University
of Damascus

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 ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﺟﺪران اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻄﺎوﻟﺔ ) اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت ﻗﻠﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻖ (‬

‫ﯾﻜﻮن اﻷداء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺼﻒ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺪران ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺸﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ وﺟﻮد ﻋﺰوم ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺠﺎه اﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﺗﺼﺎل‬
‫اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺸﺎﻗﻮﻟﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺤﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺜﻼً‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﺪران ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺄﻇﻔﺎر‬
‫ﻣﻮﺛﻮﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة وﻣﺤﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ واﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
‫إن وﺟﺪت‪ ،‬وﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﺗﺼﺎل اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪة‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‪M‬‬ ‫‪Pa a 3 = γ c a 4‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪Pa = γ c a‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪e= a‬‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Ghassan Mahmoud /‬‬

‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪Civil Engineering Faculty/ University‬‬
‫‪of Damascus‬‬

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 (‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻋﺰوم اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء اﻟﺸﺎﻗﻮﻟﯿﺔ واﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻄﻮﻟﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻘﺔ )ﺣﺎﻻت ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬

‫( ﺟﺪار اﻟﺨﺰان ﻣﻮﺛﻮق ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﻔﻞ وﺣﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬1

Prof. Dr. Eng. Ghassan Mahmoud /

15 Civil Engineering Faculty/ University
of Damascus

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 .‫( اﻟﺠﺪار ﻣﺘﻤﻔﺼﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ وﻣﻮﺛﻮق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬2

+ γ c h3 ‫ﻋﺰم اﻟﻮﺛﺎﻗﺔ‬
M =
k

Prof. Dr. Eng. Ghassan Mahmoud /

16 Civil Engineering Faculty/ University
of Damascus

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 ‫( اﻟﺠﺪار ﻣﻮﺛﻮق ﻣﻊ اﻟﻐﻄﺎء وﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬3

Prof. Dr. Eng. Ghassan Mahmoud /

17 Civil Engineering Faculty/ University
of Damascus

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 ‫‪ (4‬اﻟﺠﺪار ﻣﻮﺛﻮق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺮﻓﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي واﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ وﺳﻤﺎﻛﺘﮫ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮة‬

‫اﻟﻌﺰوم اﻟﻄﺮﻓﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻌﺰم اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ‬

‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ أن ﺗﻠﺘﻘﻲ اﻟﺠﺪران‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ أﻣﺎﻛﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺸﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺰاوﯾﺔ ﻣﺸﻄﻮﻓﺔ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﻠﯿﺤﮭﺎ ﺑﻘﻀﺒﺎن أﻓﻘﯿﺔ ﯾﺴﺎوي ﻣﻘﻄﻌﮭﺎ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺪارﯾﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻼﻗﯿﯿﻦ‪ ،‬وأن ﯾﺜﺒﺖ ھﺬا اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ وﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‪ .‬وﯾﻔﻀﻞ أﯾﻀﺎً ﺗﺰوﯾﺪ ﺟﺪران اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت ﻗﻠﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻖ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻛﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬
‫ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﯿﺔ ﺑﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ أﻓﻘﻲ ) ﺛﺎﻧﻮي ( ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﮫ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺧﻤﺲ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ اﻟﺸﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ ) اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ ( وﻋﻠﻰ أﻻّ ﯾﻘﻞ‬
‫‪Prof. Dr. Eng. Ghassan Mahmoud /‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺧﻤﺲ ﻗﻀﺒﺎن ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ 10mm‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺮ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪار ﻟﻜﻞ وﺟﮫ ‪.‬‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪Civil Engineering Faculty/ University‬‬
‫‪of Damascus‬‬

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 (‫دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ ) اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻠﺔ ﻗﻠﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻖ واﻟﻘﺼﯿﺮة ﻋﻤﯿﻘﺔ‬

Prof. Dr. Eng. Ghassan Mahmoud /

19 Civil Engineering Faculty/ University
of Damascus

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 ‫ﺗﺴﻠﯿﺢ ﻋﻘﺪ اﻻرﺗﺒﺎط اﻟﺸﺎﻗﻮﻟﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺠﺪران‬

‫اﺳﺘﻨﺎد اﻟﺠﺪران ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﺷﺮﯾﻄﯿﺔ‬

Prof. Dr. Eng. Ghassan Mahmoud /

20 Civil Engineering Faculty/ University
of Damascus

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