Sociology The Essentials 8th Edition Andersen Taylor Logio Test Bank Full Download

Sociology The Essentials 8th Edition Andersen Taylor Logio Test Bank
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Sociology: The Essentials, 8th Edition Andersen / Taylor Chapter 8
1. A college graduate examines her income and wealth in relation to others. She is interested in .
a. Social differentiation
b. Social stratification
c. Social equality
d. Social change
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 172
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE. 5 - 4-4
OTHER: NEW
2. refers to the process by which different statuses develop in any group, organization, or society.
a. Social differentiation
b. Social stratification
c. Social inequality
d. Social mobility
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 172
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.13.1 - 1
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: MODIFIED
3. A relatively fixed, hierarchical arrangement in society by which groups have different access to resources, power,
and perceived social worth is called .
a. social differentiation
b. social stratification
c. social inequality
d. social status
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 172
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: MODIFIED
4. Which of the following mostly likely happened to the Joneses if they were in the top 1 percent of earners in
2009?
a. They saw a decrease in income.
b. They saw a large tax increase.
c. They saw little or no decline in net worth.
d. None of the above.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 173
OTHER: NEW
5. What is the difference between stratification and differentiation?

a. Differentiation is based on different social status, stratification is not.
b. Differentiation is not necessarily unequal, but stratification is.
c. Stratification develops in many groups and organizations, but differentiation is less common.
d. Stratification exists in modern societies, and differentiation exists in previous societies.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 172
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: MODIFIED
6. Which of the following is true about stratification systems?

a. Most societies do not have true stratification systems.
b. Most societies share the same amount of complexity in their stratification systems.
c. Stratification systems are somewhat unusual in modern societies.
d. Stratification systems vary in degree and complexity of stratification.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 174
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
7. The Smiths compare their wealth, income, and lifestyle to others in their neighborhood. Which of the following
are they comparing?
a. Life chances
b. Ascribed statuses
c. Achieved statuses
d. Class systems
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 174
TOPICS: Applied
OTHER: NEW
8. Which of the following is not one of the groups within a feudal system?
a. nobles
b. priesthood
c. commoners
d. doctors
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 174
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.. - 1.4-4
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
9. The feudal societies of Europe in the Middle Ages are an example of a(n) system of stratification.
a. estate
b. caste
c. class
d. socialist
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 174
TOPICS: Applied
OTHER: PICKUP
10. In a caste system, one’s place in the stratification system is a(n) status.
a. ascribed
b. achieved
c. temporary
d. ambiguous
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 174
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
11. What type of system did black workers experience during South Africa's period of Apartheid?
a. estate
b. caste
c. class
d. socialist
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 174
TOPICS: Applied
OTHER: PICKUP
12. In a caste system, one’s place in the stratification system is an status; in a class system, one’s place in the
stratification system is an status.
a. achieved; ascribed
b. master; achieved
c. ascribed; master
d. ascribed, achieved
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 174
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
13. Class systems differ from caste systems in that one’s status in a class system may be , to some extent;
while in a caste system it is not.
a. ascribed
b. achieved
c. economic
d. social
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 174
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
14. The position one holds in relation to the economic, political, social and cultural resources in a society is called
one’s .
a. social achievement
b. social organization
c. social class
d. cohort
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 174
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
15. Which of the following is false regarding social class?

a. Social class shapes one’s access to resources in society.
b. It is not possible to directly observe social class.
c. It is not possible for people to change whatever social class they are born into.
d. People in the same social class share similar opportunities.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 174
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
16. Max Weber called the opportunities that people have in common by virtue of belonging to a particular class
.
a. strata indicators
b. social attributes
c. life chances
d. social anomalies
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 174
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
17. If an individual discovers he has certain opportunities to succeed, he is examining his .

a. life chances
b. social setting
c. ascribed status
d. status symbols
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 174
TOPICS: Applied
OTHER: NEW
18. People at a party are comparing clothing, automobiles, and personal possessions. They are comparing elements
of .
a. social class
b. social status
c. social standing
d. social caste
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 174
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.13.3 - 13.1-1
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: MODIFIED
19. Which of these statements about social class is false?

a. Social class may be observed in the everyday habit of a person.
b. The social class one is born into has enormous consequences for one’s life.
c. Social class is personal and individual, not social structural.
d. Social class is major determinant of life chances.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 174
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
20. What do sociologists use to measure social class?

a. education level
b. occupation
c. income
d. all of these
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 175
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
21. John shows off his new car and clothes to other students. He is exhibiting an example of .
a. class consciousness
b. conspicuous consumption
c. social differentiation
d. social stratification
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 175
TOPICS: Applied
OTHER: NEW
22. Which of these statements is the best description of social class in the United States?
a. There is a very simple class structure: a very few wealthy landowners and the majority of the population
having no property.
b. The social class system is very simple because throughout society there is relative equality.
c. Social class status is determined almost exclusively by the occupation that one has.
d. The U.S. system is elaborate; it could be depicted by a ladder with a different social class at each rung.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 175-176
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
23. What is the sociological term for the process by which people end up in any given position in the stratification
system?
a. stratification achievement
b. ascription
c. status attainment
d. goal orientation
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 181
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
24. In the United States

a. it is very common for people to start out poor and yet achieve great wealth.
b. most people live their entire lives as members of a social class very close to the one they were born into.
c. a person’s individual achievements have no effect on their social class.
d. most individuals move down the social class ladder during their lifetimes.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 181
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
25. As a women, Jane is ___________ .

a. more likely to receive subprime mortgages
b. less likely to receive subprime mortgages
c. unaffected by subprime mortgages
d. none of the above
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 176
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE,ANDE. - 13. 10- 10
OTHER: NEW
26. Beth a sociology major is trying to determine what she owns and how much she owes in debt. From this she will
be able to determine her .
a. class position
b. wealth c.
income d.
prestige
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 177
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.13.5 - 13. 4-4
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: MODIFIED
27. Jan is adding up her wages earned, child support received, and interest. She is calculating her .
a. income
b. wealth
c. assets
d. tax receipts
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 177
TOPICS: APPLIED
OTHER: MODIFIED
28. income is defined as the midpoint of all household incomes.

a. Mean
b. Median
c. Modal
d. Measured
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 177
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
29. Occupational prestige ratings

a. are subjective evaluations of the value of jobs.
b. are determined by sociologists who measure income and education requirements for the jobs.
c. are not related to overall socioeconomic status.
d. are based on economic potential.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 182
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
30. How is the measure of occupational prestige determined?

a. Employers are asked how prestigious they believe their businesses are.
b. Employees are asked to evaluate the prestige of their jobs.
c. A nationwide sample of people are asked to evaluate a series of different jobs.
d. Jobs are ranked according to how much they are paid.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 182
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
31. In 2007, in order for a person to be in the top 400 wealthiest people in the U.S. one had to have more than
in wealth.
a. $1 million
b. $100 million
c. $1 billion
d. $100 billion
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 182
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
32. The Bakers are part of the upper class. Which of the following scenarios are they most likely to fit?
a. They achieved their wealth.
b. They were born in the middle class
c. They are a family who have held wealth for generations.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 183
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: MODIFIED
33. Most of the wealth represented by the Forbes 400 list of the wealthiest people and families in the U.S.
a. has been earned in the oil industry.
b. is inherited.
c. belongs to major athletes.
d. is earned by an individual during their lifetime.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 182
SESE.ANDE.13.4 - 4
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
34. The Parkers are in the upper class and earned all their wealth in the last year from a very successful business.
The Parkers are considered part of the:
a. upper-upper class.
b. nouveau riche.
c. achieved class.
d. ascribed caste.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 183
TOPICS: Applied
OTHER: NEW
35. Which of the following does not represent a reason why “middle class” is difficult to define?
a. A very large portion, with widely varying lifestyles and resources, consider themselves middle class.
b. Being middle class tends to mean more than just economic status.
c. Calling oneself middle class is the norm in the U.S.
d. The middle class is a very large and diverse group.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 184
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
36. In the United States, the lower class

a. has little formal education.
b. is disproportionately people of color and women.
c. includes the working poor.
d. all of these
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 184
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
37. The urban underclass differs from others among the lower class in a number of ways. Which of the following is
not one of these reasons?
a. The urban underclass have no means of economic support.
b. The working poor are more likely to engage in illegal activities.
c. The urban underclass is very likely to be dependent on public assistance programs.
d. The urban underclass consists of mostly recent immigrants.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 184
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
38. According to William Julius Wilson, the “underclass” is

a. the result of structural transformations in the economy.
b. the product of a welfare system that is so generous that going to work is not an attractive option.
c. actually comprised of unemployed individuals from rural, more than urban, areas.
d. mostly found in the suburbs of big cities.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 184
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
39. Sociologists who analyze class using a conflict perspective

a. see class basically as a continuum.
b. argue that class is basically a matter of what individuals possess in terms of income and prestige.
c. see class as defined by the relationship of the classes to the larger system of economic production.
d. base their views on the early work of Emile Durkheim who pointed out the dysfunctional consequences of
division of labor.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 185
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.13. - 2-2
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
40. The sociological perspective that defines classes in terms of their structural relationship to other classes and their
relationship to the economic system is the .
a. functionalist perspective
b. conflict perspective
c. symbolic interactionist perspective
d. exchange perspective
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 185
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
41. According to Marxian conflict theory, as capitalism progresses

a. the professional-managerial class will become part of the elite.
b. many of those in the middle class will drop into the working class as they are pushed out of managerial
jobs into working class jobs.
c. corporate mergers will redistribute wealth from being in the hands of the few to society’s “havenots.”
d. the classes will become polarized with no overlap or mobility.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 185
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
42. While Marx predicted a specific set of events, which of the following actually occurred?
a. The middle class was pushed into the working class.
b. The middle class remains fragile while the upper and lower classes grow.
c. The upper class has been overthrown by the working class.
d. The working class is growing in size and power.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 185
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
43. Which of the following is false regarding social class in the United States?
a. Social classes are becoming more polarized with the wealthy increasing their wealth and the middle class
stagnating.
b. Rising debt among the middle class has increased inequality between the classes.
c. The lower class has little power to control their working environment.
d. Tax policies favor the middle and lower classes.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 182-184
SESE.ANDE.13.4 - 4
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
44. When researchers calculate a basketball star's net worth they are measuring the star's .
a. wealth or net worth
b. wages and income
c. income and wealth
d. total value
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 178-182
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: MODIFIED
45. One percent of the U.S. population controls approximately of the total net wealth in the nation.
a. one-third
b. one-quarter
c. one-half
d. two-thirds
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 178
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
46. The most important predictor of Bobby's class location is .

a. his income
b. his wealth
c. his inheritance
d. his debt
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 177
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: MODIFIED
47. About eighteen percent of Americans have zero or negative wealth, meaning
a. their debt exceeds their net worth.
b. their debt exceeds their annual income.
c. their tax burden is more than double their income.
d. their education debt exceeds their potential income.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 177-178
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
48. Class inequality in the United States have been growing due to all of the following, except
a. the recent economic restructuring.
b. the loss of savings and income.
c. global economic changes
d. Americans have unrealistic expectations of wealth.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 176-177
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
49. What does economic restructuring refer to?

a. the decline in manufacturing jobs in the U.S.
b. the process of consumers consolidating their debt
c. a shift in the percentages of Americans in each social class
d. the passing of wealth from one generation to the next
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 176
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
50. As of 2008 the pattern of home foreclosures in the U.S. is

a. that foreclosures are occurring at the same rate in all neighborhoods.
b. middle-class neighborhoods have been able to avoid foreclosures.
c. that greater the proportion of Blacks in a neighborhood the higher the rate of foreclosure.
d. five foreclosures for Black families for every one foreclosure among Whites.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 176
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
51. Who benefits most from U.S. tax policies?

a. the wealthy
b. the poor
c. the government
d. corporations
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 177
SESE.ANDE.13.3 - 13.1-1
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: NEW
52. The Black middle class

a. does not experience racism.
b. earns wages equal to those earned by the white middle class.
c. is becoming more like the model minority.
d. continues to experience segregation.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 180-182
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
53. Regarding race and class, which of the following is true?

a. Blacks have less wealth than whites, Asians, and Latinos.
b. Latinos have been unable to move into the middle class.
c. Racial minorities do not aspire to be part of the middle class.
d. The race-class debate has largely been concluded.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 180
SESE.ANDE.13.7 - 13. 2-2
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
54. How is the pattern of wealth distribution in the U.S. influenced by race?
a. Asians are a “model minority.”
b. Black families have lower levels of wealth than white families.
c. Discriminatory practices in banking and housing have resulted in inequality of wealth, even after several
generations.
d. The patterns of wealth distribution in the U.S. is not influenced by race.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 180
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
55. In recent years, both the African American and Latino middle class have expanded because of
a. increased access to education and middle-class occupations for people of color.
b. increased intermarriage rates with White Anglos.
c. legislation that has brought an end to de facto discrimination.
d. a significant upturn in the U.S. economy during the past decade.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 180
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
56. In the United States, the concept of the “model minority”

a. is based on a stereotype of Asian Americans being the most successful minority group in the United
States.
b. takes into account the successes of other minority groups.
c. changes based on the experiences of racial groups.
d. hides the successes of whites.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 186
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
57. The idea that Asian Americans are a “model minority”:

a. is accurate.
b. obscures obstacles to success.
c. underestimates the contributions of other minorities.
d. acknowledges poverty among Asian American groups.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 186
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
58. In regards to the intersection of race and class, Black Americans

a. in the middle class are not segregated from whites as are poorer Blacks.
b. are more likely to be working class than are whites.
c. are more likely to be middle class than working class.
d. look more like Asian Americans that Whites.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 186
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
59. Measured by their average education and income levels, most women would be considered
a. poor.
b. working class.
c. middle class.
d. upper class.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 184
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
60. Which of the following is true about the effects of gender on stratification?
a. Based on their own income and education levels, most women would be considered middle-class
b. The median income for women is far below the national median income level.
c. When women have as much education as men, they have jobs that pay as well.
d. Women are more likely than men to work in upper-middle class jobs.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 186
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
61. Which of the following is most accurate if Bobby is under the age 10?
a. He is less likely to be poor because he is under the age of ten and teens make up most of youth poverty.
b. He has the same chance of being poor because all age groups are equally likely to be poor.
c. He is more likely to be poor because children are the age group most likely to be poor.
d. He is less likely to be poor because the elderly are the age group most likely to be poor.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 186-187
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: MODIFIED
62. The United States is assumed by many to be a , a system in which one’s status is based on
accomplishments.
a. democracy
b. pluralist society
c. meritocracy
d. status attainment society
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 187
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
63. Unlike his father, Johnny has been able to go to college and enter a high paying profession. He has experienced
mobility.
a. intergenerational
b. intragenerational
c. extragenerational
d. co-generational
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 187
TOPICS: Applied
OTHER: MODIFIED
64. Which of the following is an example of intergenerational mobility?

a. A daughter rises above the class of her parents.
b. A man’s class status changes due to a bad investment.
c. A woman’s class status changes as a result of business success.
d. After having children, a couple’s class status drops.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 187-188
TOPICS: Applied
OTHER: PICKUP
65. Social mobility occurring within a generation is called mobility.

a. intergenerational
b. intragenerational
c. extragenerational
d. co-generational
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 187-188
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
66. Which of the following is false about social mobility in the United States today?
a. In the U.S. anyone who works hard enough can get ahead.
b. Social mobility occurs in the U.S., but less often than the myth asserts and over shorter distances from one
class to another.
c. Most people remain in their class of origin.
d. Social mobility is greatly influenced by education.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 187-188
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
67. Which of these statements about social mobility in the U.S. is true?
a. Social mobility is most influenced by the characteristics of individuals.
b. Being born into a particular generation may significantly influence chances for social mobility.
c. Social mobility within the U.S. is virtually impossible.
d. Most people remain in the same social class as their parents.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 187-188
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
68. The perception that a class structure exists and the feeling of shared identification with others in one’s class is
referred to as .
a. false consciousness
b. class consciousness
c. normative consciousness
d. stratified consciousness
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 188
SESE.ANDE.13.3 - 13.1-1
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
69. Which of these statements about class consciousness in the U.S. is false?
a. Americans do not tend to be very conscious of social class.
b. In the U.S. the importance placed on individualism diminishes the existence of class consciousness.
c. There is widespread belief that everyone has access to the same types of material comforts.
d. Despite the absence of class consciousness, most Americans are aware that there is little upward social
mobility.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 188
SESE.ANDE.13.3 - 13.1-1
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
70. When members of the subordinated classes internalize the views of the dominant class and justify inequality, Karl
Marx termed this .
a. false consciousness
b. class consciousness
c. normative consciousness
d. stratified consciousness
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 188
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
71. What was the basis of the definitions of class identified by Karl Marx?
a. level of education
b. relationship to means of production
c. ownership of agricultural land
d. amount of net wealth
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 189
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
72. Which of these groups best corresponds to the “lumpenproletariat” identified by Marx as subdivision of the
working class?
a. managers and administrators
b. workers
c. the homeless and permanently poor
d. the owners of the means of production
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 189
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
73. Karl Marx used the concept of to explain why people who do not benefit from a capitalist system would
still support it.
a. surplus value
b. power and prestige
c. ideology
d. lumpenproletariat
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 189
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
74. What is the primary difference between Marx’s and Weber’s views of social class?
a. Weber disagreed that classes were formed around economic issues.
b. Weber disagreed that economic forces are the primary basis for stratification.
c. Weber disagreed that there could be more than one dimension to stratification.
d. Weber did not believe that economic forces had any impact on other aspects of life.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 190
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
75. Max Weber analyzed the connections between

a. the economic, social, and political dimensions of stratification.
b. class, race, and gender as the basis for social stratification.
c. cooperation, competition, and conflict as social processes effecting social mobility.
d. ability, ambition, and sponsorship as factors impacting on social mobility.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 190
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
76. Weber believed that

a. class and access to life chances are totally unrelated.
b. while power is linked to economic standing, economic standing alone is not always the source of people’s
power.
c. systems of stratification are not part of the social structure.
d. microlevel analysis is more valid than macrolevel analysis.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 190
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
77. According to Weber, what is the relationship of the dimensions of stratification to each other?
a. The economic, social, and political dimensions of stratification are usually related.
b. A person’s social, political, and economic statuses are always consistent with each other.
c. Political status is much more important in determining one’s position in the stratification system than are
economic or social status.
d. There is no relationship between the economic, social, and political dimensions of stratification.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 190
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
78. Weber’s concept of is the political dimension of stratification.

a. prestige
b. class
c. power
d. status
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 190
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
79. A politician describes inequality as a motivator of people to fill the different and necessary positions in society.
He is using an example of .
a. functionalist theory
b. conflict theory
c. symbolic interactionist theory
d. social exchange theory
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 190-191
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
80. According to the perspective, the most vital jobs in society usually receive the greatest economic
rewards.
a. functionalist
b. conflict
c. symbolic interactionist
d. feminist
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 190-191
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
81. believe that the greater rewards attached to some positions in society help ensure that people will make
the sacrifices necessary to acquire the training those positions demand.
a. Functionalists
b. Conflict theorists
c. Symbolic interactionists
d. Social exchange theorists
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 190-191
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
82. Which of these statements best reflects the functionalist perspective on social inequality?
a. The people with the most power set the rules to the benefit of themselves.
b. Society is made up of various groups that are in constant struggle with each other over resources.
c. The occupations that require the most training and involve the highest risk work are paid the highest.
d. Some occupations are as important as others, but they do not receive as much pay because they tend to
be occupied by women.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 191
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
83. believe that the more stratified a society, the less likely that society will be to benefit from the talents of all
its citizens.
a. Functionalists
b. Conflict theorists
c. Symbolic interactionists
d. Feminists
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 190-191
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
84. Which sociological theory argues that the elite shape societal beliefs and practices in order to make their own
privileges appear legitimate and fair?
a. Functionalism
b. Conflict theory
c. Symbolic interaction
d. Social exchange theory
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 190-191
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
85. Which type of theorist would be most likely to see inequality in the social system as fair, because everyone has
an equal chance of getting ahead?
a. functionalism
b. conflict theory
c. symbolic interaction
d. social exchange theory
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 189-190
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
86. theory emphasizes cohesion in society, while theory emphasizes friction between groups.
a. Conflict / functionalist
b. Symbolic interactionist / conflict
c. Functionalist / conflict
d. Functionalist / symbolic interactionist
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 189-191
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
87. Which of these is not a criticism of the functionalist perspective on social inequality, from a conflict perspective?
a. The belief that economic interests are the primary force shaping social organization is overly simplistic.
b. It is a mistake to believe that the greatest rewards always go to the most talented.
c. Some of the most vital jobs for the survival of society are very low status and low-paid.
d. The system of inequality leads to underutilization of the skills of those people at the bottom.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 189
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
88. The poverty line refers to

a. the amount of money needed to support the basic needs of a household, as determined by the
government.
b. the minimum amount of money a household needs to be considered middle class.
c. the amount of money a family needs to be comfortable.
d. the average hourly wage of the poorest workers in a society.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 192
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: MODIFIED
89. Today, about what percent of the U.S. population was officially categorized as poor?
a. 3
b. 14
c. 31
d. 44
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 192
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
90. Which of the following groups represent the largest number, not percentage, of people in poverty?
a. White.
b. African American.
c. Hispanic.
d. Native American.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 192-193
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
91. The Jones family's income is $500 dollars above the poverty line. Which of the following is most accurate about
their circumstances?
a. The poverty line is a good indicator of their circumstances.
b. The poverty line is misleading and only a cutoff for antipoverty programs.
c. People below the poverty line are different than those above it.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 192
TOPICS: Applied
OTHER: PICKUP
92. The rate of poverty among people in the United States has since 2000.
a. been steadily decreasing
b. been steadily increasing
c. remained the same
d. been impossible to measure
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 192-193
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
93. The percentage of women and children living in poverty has been increasing. Sociologists refer to this
phenomenon as .
a. the feminization of poverty
b. gendered poverty
c. the gender gap
d. the Titanic phenomenon
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 193
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: MODIFIED
94. According to the text, of families headed by women live below the poverty line.
a. one-fourth
b. one-third
c. one-half
d. two-thirds
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 193
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
95. The fastest growing segment of the homeless population is .

a. unemployed men
b. victims of domestic violence
c. single women
d. families
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 194-195
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
96. According to the text, the great majority of the homeless are on the streets because of unemployment and/or
.
a. substance abuse
b. divorce
c. poor mental health
d. the lack of affordable housing
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 194-195
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
97. A popular perspective on poverty among policy makers is that poverty is caused by bad habits and values. This
perspective is called the .
a. culture of poverty perspective
b. value-stretch perspective
c. delinquent culture thesis
d. situational perspective
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 195
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
98. The culture of poverty explanation of poverty contends that poverty is the result of
a. economic restructuring in the U.S.
b. the status of women in the labor market today.
c. a lack of individual motivation and ability on the part of the poor.
d. the welfare system as it presently exists.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 195
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
99. Research aimed at evaluating the culture of poverty argument has found that
a. most of the poor are chronically poor, over several generations.
b. a major event such as divorce, illness or death is often the cause for falling into poverty.
c. the majority of the poor are poor throughout their entire lives.
d. the poor are most often unemployed, regardless of their ability to work.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 195
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP
100. If a Jim as a sociologist is focused on how the absence of work values is a cause of poverty for a population. He
is using a argument.
a. structural causes of poverty
b. culture of poverty
c. class analysis
d. natural disasters.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 195
TOPICS: Applied
OTHER: MODIFIED
101. Which of these statements regarding the restructuring of the U.S. economy is false?
a. manufacturing jobs are disappearing
b. fewer men are the sole support of their families
c. new jobs being created are low-paid
d. men are filling the newly created service positions, leaving women unemployed
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 195-196
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
102. Current welfare policy was created by the Personal Responsibility and Work Reconciliation Act (PRWRA) in
.
a. 1930
b. 1964
c. 1996
d. 2010
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 196
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
103. Under the rules for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) there is a lifetime limit of years for
people to receive welfare benefits.
a. two
b. five
c. eight
d. ten
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 196
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
104. According to the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Reconciliation Act (PRWRA)
a. all states must offer the same level of benefits to their residents in poverty.
b. states may offer welfare benefits that are more generous than those of PRWRA, but they must not provide
any less.
c. states have the right to be more restrictive in terms of benefits than the guidelines offered by the PRWRA.
d. welfare benefits are now only provided at the federal level.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 196
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
105. Evaluations of the welfare reform of 1996 (PRWRA) have found that
a. the number of people receiving welfare has decreased.
b. the amount of poverty in the U.S. has decreased.
c. the wages earned in workfare programs are keeping women and their children out of poverty.
d. fewer Americans are poor.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 196
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP
106. Virtually all societies have a system of social stratification.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 172
OTHER: PICKUP
107. Social stratification is only found in industrialized societies.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 173
OTHER: PICKUP
108. Estate systems of stratification have only two classes.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 174
OTHER: NEW
109. The system of apartheid in South Africa is an example of an estate system.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 174
OTHER: NEW
110. Estate systems of stratification are most common in agricultural societies.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 174
OTHER: PICKUP
111. Caste systems are characterized by a high level of equality.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 174
OTHER: NEW
112. The caste system is a more open stratification system than a the class system.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 174
OTHER: MODIFIED
113. In the U.S. an individual’s ability to succeed is largely shaped by that person’s social class origins.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 174-175
SESE.ANDE.13.3 - 13.1-1
OTHER: PICKUP
114. In the United States most people do not experience much social mobility; they remain close to their class of
origin.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 175-176
SESE.ANDE.13.4 - 4
OTHER: PICKUP
115. The “American Dream” is achievable for most Americans.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 176
OTHER: NEW
116. The middle class in the U.S. is expanding.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 184
OTHER: NEW
117. In the U.S. most wealth is inherited, not self-created.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 177-178
SESE.ANDE.13.5 - 13. 4-4
OTHER: PICKUP
118. Most people in the United States define themselves as middle class.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 184
OTHER: PICKUP
119. There is more inequality in terms of income than of wealth in the U.S.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 177-179
OTHER: PICKUP
120. The most common way to become wealthy in the United States is to inherit wealth from one’s family.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 178
SESE.ANDE.13.5 - 13. 4-4
OTHER: PICKUP
121. By 2008 the amount of wealth held by the average Black family equaled that held by the average white family.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 181
OTHER: PICKUP
122. Persons categorized as Latino in the United States don’t all share the same likelihood of achieving economic
success due to their different historical circumstances.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 181
OTHER: PICKUP
123. In times of economic crisis, home foreclosure impacts all racial-ethnic groups equally.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 177
OTHER: PICKUP
124. Unlike race and gender, age is not a significant source of stratification in the United States.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 186-187
OTHER: PICKUP
125. Social mobility is much more limited than the American Dream of mobility suggests.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 184
OTHER: PICKUP
126. The lower class is composed of only the unemployed.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 184
OTHER: NEW
127. The class system in the U.S. is assumed to be a closed class system.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 183-184
SESE.ANDE.13.4 - 4
OTHER: PICKUP
128. “Class consciousness” refers to the perception that a class structure exists.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 188
OTHER: PICKUP
129. While the class revolution that Marx predicted has not occurred, the dynamics of capitalism that he predicted are
occurring.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 191
OTHER: PICKUP
130. Marx and Weber both believed that society contained only two classes.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 189-191
OTHER: NEW
131. Unlike Marx, Weber theorized that stratification had more than one dimension.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 190
OTHER: PICKUP
132. According to Weber, one’s economic status is the only basis for power and prestige in society.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 190
OTHER: PICKUP
133. From a functionalist perspective, poverty may serve positive functions for society.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 190-191
OTHER: PICKUP
134. Married couple families are most commonly living in poverty.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 192
OTHER: PICKUP
135. The poverty rate has been steadily decreasing since 2000.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 192
OTHER: PICKUP
136. Recent studies show that those who have gone into workfare programs begin to earn enough to keep them
above the poverty line.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 197
OTHER: PICKUP
137. Teenagers who are parents, but do not stay in school, are not eligible to receive social welfare support.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 196
OTHER: PICKUP
138. How does Karl Marx explain class and capitalism?
ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

REFERENCES: 185
OTHER: PICKUP
139. How does Max Weber explain social stratification?
ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

REFERENCES: 190
OTHER: PICKUP
140. How would a conflict theorist explain social inequality?
ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

REFERENCES: 190-191
OTHER: PICKUP
141. Define the concept of the urban underclass. Explain how members of the urban underclass differ from others in
the lower class.
ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

REFERENCES: 195
OTHER: PICKUP
142. How do wealth and income differ? How are they similar?
ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

REFERENCES: 177-179
OTHER: PICKUP
143. Explain economic restructuring in the U.S. and the resulting problems.
ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

REFERENCES: 176
OTHER: PICKUP
144. Give an example of how a person might experience the overlapping stratifications systems of race, class, and
gender simultaneously.
ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

REFERENCES: 185-186
OTHER: PICKUP
145. What does the term “model minority” mean? How accurate is this stereotype?
ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

REFERENCES: 186
OTHER: PICKUP
146. Explain and provide examples of intergenerational and intragenerational mobility.
ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

REFERENCES: 187
OTHER: MODIFIED
147. Explain the concept of the culture of poverty and outline the argument for and against this explanation.
ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

REFERENCES: 195
OTHER: PICKUP
148. Describe how estate, caste, and class systems are similar and differed from one another. Give an example of
each.
ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

REFERENCES: 174-175
OTHER: NEW
Sociology The Essentials 8th Edition Andersen Taylor Logio Test Bank
149. How do Karl Marx and Max Weber compare in terms of how each analyzed class inequality in an industrialized
society?
ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

REFERENCES: 189-191
OTHER: MODIFIED
150. Explain how race, gender, and age intersect with race.
ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

REFERENCES: 185-186
OTHER: PICKUP
151. Outline the major components of Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF).
ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

REFERENCES: 196-197
OTHER: NEW
152. Using evidence from the text, answer the following question: Is welfare reform working?
ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

REFERENCES: 196-197
OTHER: PICKUP
153. Discuss which groups are more likely to be poor and why?
ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

REFERENCES: 192
OTHER: NEW
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5. What is the difference between stratification and differentiation?

6. Which of the following is true about stratification systems?

15. Which of the following is false regarding social class?

17. If an individual discovers he has certain opportunities to succeed, he is examining his .

19. Which of these statements about social class is false?

20. What do sociologists use to measure social class?

24. In the United States

25. As a women, Jane is ___________ .

28. income is defined as the midpoint of all household incomes.

29. Occupational prestige ratings

30. How is the measure of occupational prestige determined?

36. In the United States, the lower class

38. According to William Julius Wilson, the “underclass” is

39. Sociologists who analyze class using a conflict perspective

41. According to Marxian conflict theory, as capitalism progresses

46. The most important predictor of Bobby's class location is .

49. What does economic restructuring refer to?

50. As of 2008 the pattern of home foreclosures in the U.S. is

51. Who benefits most from U.S. tax policies?

52. The Black middle class

53. Regarding race and class, which of the following is true?

56. In the United States, the concept of the “model minority”

57. The idea that Asian Americans are a “model minority”:

58. In regards to the intersection of race and class, Black Americans

64. Which of the following is an example of intergenerational mobility?

65. Social mobility occurring within a generation is called mobility.

75. Max Weber analyzed the connections between

76. Weber believed that

78. Weber’s concept of is the political dimension of stratification.

88. The poverty line refers to

95. The fastest growing segment of the homeless population is .

106. Virtually all societies have a system of social stratification.

107. Social stratification is only found in industrialized societies.

108. Estate systems of stratification have only two classes.

109. The system of apartheid in South Africa is an example of an estate system.

110. Estate systems of stratification are most common in agricultural societies.

111. Caste systems are characterized by a high level of equality.

115. The “American Dream” is achievable for most Americans.

116. The middle class in the U.S. is expanding.

117. In the U.S. most wealth is inherited, not self-created.

126. The lower class is composed of only the unemployed.

134. Married couple families are most commonly living in poverty.

138. How does Karl Marx explain class and capitalism?

ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

139. How does Max Weber explain social stratification?

ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

140. How would a conflict theorist explain social inequality?

ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

ANSWER: NOT GIVEN