 ‫א‬K

 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬K
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 –‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 

٢٤٥٢٠٠٥–١٤٢٦‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬K

 
 ‫א‬
        ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٤١٥F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ، E F
  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬   K    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(ANCOVA)‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٦
  ‫א‬K

Effectiveness of a counseling Program Based on

Problem-Solution in Lessening Psychological Pressure on
Secondary School Students

Dr. Ahmed A. Arabiyyat

 Abstract
This study aims to present a collective counseling program
based on problem–solution strategy in order to lessen
psychological pressures on first secondary students. The sample
study consists of (514) students selected randomly from ten
sections of First Secondary Class at deliberately five male schools
in Salt City. Two sections are selected from every school
distributed at random into control group and experimental group.
A psychological pressure scale made for the purpose of this
study, (Before–Scale), is applied. Then collective counseling and
consulting program regarding training on the problem–solution
strategy is also applied to the experimental group at every school.
After the application of the program, it is reapplied to all study
sample (After–Scale). In order to achieve the objectives of this
study, mean and standard deviation are used before and after the
application of the program. The results reveal that there is an
impact of this program and there are differences for the benefit of
the experimental group. Then ANCOVA is used to know if there
are differences showing statistical significance between before–
scale and after–scale for the experimental group and control group
in every school of the five different schools chosen. The result
show that there are no significant standard differences between
the two groups, the control group and the experimental one
according to the psychological pressure scale at all schools.

٢٤٧٢٠٠٥–١٤٢٦‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥،١٩٩٦،‫א‬F
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬KE
 KE٦٦،١٩٩٩،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬E  F،‫א‬EF
،E ‫א‬F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٦٠،١٩٩٩،F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٨
  ‫א‬K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،١٩٩٣،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٤٧٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٨٦،١٩٩٨،
، W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،،،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،Mienka (1990)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٤،٢٠٠٠،FKE١٩٩٤F،E١٩٩٥F،E١٩٩٨F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩،١٩٩٨،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢٤٩٢٠٠٥–١٤٢٦‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 (Normane & Borgen, 1995, p. 3)
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٧٠،١٩٩٥،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 KE١٣٠،١٩٩٩،‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٢٣،١٩٩٥،‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٠
  ‫א‬K

 K‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EBollesF،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Bill)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩٩٠،F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Atwater)‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(Atwater, 1990, p. 10)
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬(Tylor)
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K(Compas, et al, 1991, p.p 405–408)

٢٥١٢٠٠٥–١٤٢٦‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(Seeley, 1980)K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(Seeley)،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WAlarm stage‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ 
 K
K‫א‬‫א‬WResistance stage‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WExhaustion Stage‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K(Atwated, 1990; pp. 109–116)K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Orvaschel et al., 1995, p. ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٦٤٥1525)

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٢
  ‫א‬K

(Lwinsohn et al., K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1995, p. 1221)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤٠،١٩٩٤،‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٧٧،١٩٩٨،F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬F،E٤٩
 ،١٩٩٤،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 KE١٩،١٩٩٨،F،E١٨٦،١٩٩٨،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

٢٥٣٢٠٠٥–١٤٢٦‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤٨،١٩٩٥،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?WEF
،FK?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٧٠،٢٠٠٠

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٤
  ‫א‬K

 K?‫א‬‫א‬?W ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،١٩٩٩،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٢٥
?W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٠،٢٠٠٠،F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬W ‫א‬
 K?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Malouff et al., 1988)
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،W
 ‫א‬  KE٩٠F
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EKurmar, 1990F

٢٥٥٢٠٠٥–١٤٢٦‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٣٦٠F
‫א‬،E ،‫א‬،،F
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٢F‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦٣F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K –‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٣F‫א‬
‫א‬KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٠٩٤F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٥F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ E٣٠F‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
K –‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٦
  ‫א‬K

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EBowker, 1996)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٨F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬E٣٠F‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،W
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٠٠٠F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٤٠F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢٥٧٢٠٠٥–١٤٢٦‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫ א‬-
K‫ א‬-
K‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫ א‬-
 W‫א‬‫א‬W 
 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
 W‫א‬W 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -‫أ‬
 KE١٠٩٤–٣٦٠F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٨
  ‫א‬K

KE٦٣–٣٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-‫ب‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬،
 KE‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫ א‬-
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤١٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

٢٥٩٢٠٠٥–١٤٢٦‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠٩FG
KE٢٠٦FG
،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،  ‫א‬L
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
‫א‬E١F‫א‬K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٠
  ‫א‬K

 E١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

٣٩ ٣٩ ‫א‬‫א‬
٤٠ ٣٨ ‫א‬‫א‬
٤٥ ٣٩ ‫א‬‫א‬
٤٣ ٤٢ ‫א‬‫א‬
٤٢ ٤٠ ‫א‬
٢٠٩ ٢٠٦ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬–١
E١٩٩٤،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬W  ٣٦‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١٠F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
KE٣٨٣،١٩٩٨،F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢٦١٢٠٠٥–١٤٢٦‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E٢F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
٠{٨٥ ‫א‬
٠{٨٤ ‫א‬
٠{٧٢ ‫א‬‫א‬
٠{٥٩ ‫א‬
٠{٦٩ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٣F‫א‬
 E٣F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
٠{٨٦ ‫א‬
٠{٨٨ ‫א‬
٠{٨٤ ‫א‬‫א‬
٠{٧٧ ‫א‬
٠{٨٢ ‫א‬
٠{٨٥ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢
  ‫א‬K

‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬
 KE٣٥٤،١٩٩٨،F،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
  E٣٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬W
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 E٢F    
 
 E٣F   
 E٤F   
 E٥F     ‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Borders ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬& Sander, 1992)
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢

٢٦٣٢٠٠٥–١٤٢٦‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬ .٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
K‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
(Borders & Sander, 1992. p.p 487–492)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 ‫א‬ .٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫ א‬.٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
‫א‬‫א‬W

 ،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٤
  ‫א‬K

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬E٧F‫א‬ 
، E٥٠–٤٠F‫א‬،
 WK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،،،F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 KE‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،،،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬FW‫א‬‫ א‬ J١

٢٦٥٢٠٠٥–١٤٢٦‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬FW ‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢

 KE‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬FW‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FW ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٤
 KE‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬FW ‫א‬‫ א‬ J٥
 KE‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬FW ‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
 KE‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FW  J٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬FW   J٣
 KE‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٦
  ‫א‬K

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
E
 ‫א‬،،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢٦٧٢٠٠٥–١٤٢٦‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬LG
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٨
  ‫א‬K

 K‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬FW‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 ‫؟‬L

٢٦٩٢٠٠٥–١٤٢٦‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬L
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬ .٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٧٠
  ‫א‬K

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬L
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬

٢٧١٢٠٠٥–١٤٢٦‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 ‫؟‬‫א‬L
 K‫א‬G
،‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 ‫؟‬‫א‬L
 K‫א‬G
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 ‫؟‬‫א‬L
 ‫؟‬‫א‬L
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F–W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٧٢
  ‫א‬K

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 ،
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬، 

٢٧٣٢٠٠٥–١٤٢٦‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٢
 K‫א‬‫ א‬.٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٥
 K‫א‬ .٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 ‫א‬‫א‬L
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G

  ‫א‬، ‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٧٤
  ‫א‬K

 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫ א‬.١
 K‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫ א‬.٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٥
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫ א‬.١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬ .٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

٢٧٥٢٠٠٥–١٤٢٦‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .١
 K .٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٧٦
  ‫א‬K

 K‫ א‬.١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.٢
 K‫א‬‫ א‬.٣
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬LG
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE
 F
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٠٠٤L٢٠٠٣‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢٧٧٢٠٠٥–١٤٢٦‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،––
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(ANCOVA)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٠٠٥ZF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٧٨
  ‫א‬K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٤F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
   
   

٢٥٣٧٨ ١٠٨٢٠٤ ٢٤٠٦٥ ١٠٨٣٤٢ ١٨٤١٠ ٧٢٧٢١ ١٧٠٣٦ ١٠٤١٨٦ ‫א‬‫א‬

٣٩Z ٣٩Z 

٢٢٦٠٤ ١٠٢٧٥١ ٢٣٥١٤ ١٠١٧٥٨ ٢١٤٣٥ ٧٥١٢١ ٢٤٠٠١ ١٠٦٥٣٦ ‫א‬‫א‬

٣٨Z ٤٠Z 

٢٣٠٠٦ ١٠٣٢١٨ ١٧٨٩٢ ١٠٣٢٨٣ ٢٣٦٣٧ ٧٨٦٥٦ ٢٦٣١٨ ١٠٨٠٠٨ ‫א‬‫א‬

٤٥Z 

٢٩٣٣٩ ١٠٦١٨٨ ٢٨٤١٢ ١٠٨٨٤١ ٢٩١٩٥ ٧١٦٧٨ ٢٧٦٣٤ ٩٥٩٨٨ ‫א‬‫א‬



٢٢٠١٨ ١١٢١٠١ ١٩٦٥٩ ١١١٣٢١ ٢٩٦٤٥ ٧٢٣٠٨ ٣١٠٦٥ ١١١٨١٦ ‫א‬

٤٠Z ٤٢Z 

٢٧٩٢٠٠٥–١٤٢٦‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٥F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K 
 E٥F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

         

‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
٠٠٠٠ ١٤٧٥٢ ٥٢٩٦٨٦ ٥٢٩٦٨٦ ١ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
٠٠٠٠ ٣٧٧٢ ١٣٥٤٦١٢ ١٣٥٤٦١٢ ١ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
٣٥٩٠٤ ٢٣٣٣٨١٦ ٦٥ ‫א‬ 
٦٣٩٩٤ ٤٢٨٧٦٤٥ ٦٧ ‫א‬
٠٠٢٠ ٦٥٠٩ ٢١٩٩٨٢ ٢١٩٩٨٢ ١ ‫ א‬ ‫א‬
٠٠٠٠ ٤٩١٦٥ ١٦٦١٤١٥ ١٦٦١٤١٥ ١ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
٣٣٧٩٢ ٢٥٣٤٤٢٩ ٧٥ ‫א‬ 
٥٧٤٧٥ ٤٤٢٥٦٠٣ ٧٧ ‫א‬
٠٠٢ ٥٨٤ ٣٠٦٤٠٠ ٣٠٦٤٠٠ ١ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
٠٠٠٠ ١٥٣٩ ٨٠٦٣٦٦ ٨٠٦٣٦٦ ١ ‫א‬  ‫א‬

٥٢٣٩١ ٤٤٥٣٢٤٩ ٨٥ ‫א‬ 

٦٢٨٤١ ٥٤٦٧٢٣٩ ٨٧ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٨٠
  ‫א‬K

         

‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
٠٠٠١ ١١١٠ ٢٦٩٤٥٨ ٢٦٩٤٥٨ ١ ‫ א‬ ‫א‬

٠٠٠٠ ٢٠٢٧٩ ٤٩١٩٢٥٧ ٤٩١٩٢٥٧ ١ ‫א‬  ‫א‬

٢٤٢٥٧ ٢٠٦١٨٦٥ ٨٥ ‫א‬ 

٨٣٣٤١ ٧٢٥٠٧١٢ ٨٧ ‫א‬

٠٠٠٣ ٩١٨ ١٤٧٢٣٩ ١٤٧٢٣٩ ١ ‫א‬  

٠٠٠٠ ١٨٨٨٦ ٣٠٢٧٥١٠ ٣٠٢٧٥١٠ ١ ‫א‬  ‫א‬

١٦٠٣٠ ١٢٦٦٤١ ٧٩ ‫א‬ 

٥٤٧٨٧ ٤٤٣٧٨٠٠ ٨١ ‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E١٩٩٢،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬(Malouff, et al, 1988)‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬،(Bowker, 1996)‫א‬،E١٩٩٥،F‫א‬
K(Kumar, 1990)‫א‬،E٢٠٠٠،F‫א‬،E١٩٩٨،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 

٢٨١٢٠٠٥–١٤٢٦‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٨٢
  ‫א‬K

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٩٩٤F‫א‬،‫א‬  J١
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬KE١٩٩٤F‫א‬،‫א‬  J٢
‫א‬‫א‬K
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٩٩٩F،‫א‬  J٣
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣F‫א‬،E٢٣F،
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٩٩٠FK
 ،  J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٩٩٣F،  J٥
،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
KE٥F،E،٢٢F
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٩٩٥F،‫א‬  J٦
K‫א‬،E٢F‫א‬،E١٣F‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬KE١٩٩٩F‫א‬،‫ א‬ J٧
KE١٩٩٨F،،،‫א‬  J٨
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬،E١٣F‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬

٢٨٣٢٠٠٥–١٤٢٦‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،E١٩٩٨F‫א‬،  J٩
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE١٩٩٩F‫א‬،  J١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،٢،٣،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٩٩٨F،  J١١
K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،?
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬KE١٩٩٨F،‫א‬‫ א‬ J١٢
FK
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،١٩٩٨L٥L١٩–١٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE١٩٩٥F،  J١٣
،،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٩٩٣F
 ،  J١٤
،، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٨٤
  ‫א‬K

،‫א‬‫א‬،E١٩٩٦F،‫ א‬ J١٥

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٩٩٢F،‫א‬  J١٦
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،، ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٩٩٥F‫א‬،‫ א‬ J١٧
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤F،E١٩F،،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٩٩٥F،‫ א‬ J١٨
‫א‬، ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٨F‫א‬،E٨F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٩٩٤F  ،  J١٩
،، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠٠٠F،  J٢٠
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠٠٠F‫א‬،  J٢١
،E٥٣F‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٩٩٤F‫א‬،  J٢٢
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،، ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

٢٨٥٢٠٠٥–١٤٢٦‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٩٩٨F،  J٢٣

 K‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠٠٠F،  J٢٤
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K،‫א‬،‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬KE١٩٩٩F،‫א‬،‫ א‬ J٢٥
‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1. Atwater, E. (1990). Psychology of Adjustment Personal
Growth in Changing World. New York: Harcaart Braca
Jovanovich College Publishers, Folkman.
2. Borders L.D. & Sander, M.D. (1992). Comprehensive
School Counseling Programs: A review for policy makers
and parishioners. Journal Counseling and Development, V.
70, N: 4.
3. Bowker, A.E. (1996). University of Waterloo (Canada) ISB
Advisors. Shelley Hymel, J.A. Chin.V.Zo.
4. Compas, B.E. & Others. (1991). Perceived control and
Coping with Stress. A developmental Perspective Journal
of Social Issues. Vol. 47, No. 4.

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٨٦
  ‫א‬K

5. Kumar, R.R. (1990). Stress Coping Strategies of the rural

aged. Journal of Personality and Clinical Studies, V. 06. N.
02, pp. 227–230.

6. Lwinshn.P.M., I.H. Gotlib, and J.R. Seeley. (1995).

Adolescent Psychopathology: Iv. Specificity of
Psychosocial risk Factors for Depression and Substance.
Abuse in order Adolescents. Journal of the American
Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 34: pp 1221–
1229.

7. Malouff, J.M., R.I. Lanyon, and N.S., Schatte. (1988).

Effectiveness of A Brief Group RET Treatment for
Divorce–Related Dysphon’a Journal of Rational. Emotive
and Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 6, PP. 162–171.

8. Normane, & A.S. & Borgen, W.A. (1995). An Expanded

View of Career Counseling Engendering Competence. Ed.
Models of Adolescent Transition. ERIC, PP. 1–3.

9. Orvaschel, H. P.M. Lewinsohn, and J.R. Seeley. (1995).

Continuity of Psychology in a Community Sample of
Adolescents. Journal of the America Academy of Child and
Adelescent Psychiatry, 34, PP. 1525–1535.

 
 

٢٨٧٢٠٠٥–١٤٢٦‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬     W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
EXF‫؟‬
 K‫א‬
 
  
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

   ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 
 ٥  ٤  ٣  ٢  ١
‫א‬–١

‫א‬‫א‬–٢

‫א‬‫א‬–٣

‫א‬‫א‬–٤

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٥

‫א‬–٦

‫א‬‫א‬–٧

‫א‬–٨

‫א‬–٩

‫א‬–١٠

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٨٨
  ‫א‬K

 
  
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

   ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 
 ٥  ٤  ٣  ٢  ١
‫א‬‫א‬–١١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٢

‫א‬‫א‬–١٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٤

‫א‬‫א‬–١٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٦

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٧

‫א‬–١٨


‫א‬‫א‬–١٩

‫א‬–٢٠

‫א‬‫א‬–٢١

‫א‬–٢٢

‫א‬‫א‬–٢٣

–٢٤

‫א‬‫א‬–٢٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢٦

–٢٧

٢٨٩٢٠٠٥–١٤٢٦‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
  
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

   ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 
 ٥  ٤  ٣  ٢  ١
‫א‬‫א‬–٢٨

‫א‬‫א‬–٢٩

‫א‬–٣٠

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣١

‫א‬–٣٢

‫א‬–٣٣
‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬–٣٤


–٣٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣٦
‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٩٠