Entropie 기출선별집 1차

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


 

 g
C mmHg mL  

    


  atm Lmol K
 × ×  × ×
  ×   ×

  × ×  × ×
  ×   ×
  
 × ×
  ×

C












C
 A B
A B C 압력P 
T 
p q r 절대 온도T

가에서 A의 압력

나에서 B의 압력
A B
    
A r 
 
 
 
 
q→p→r

He   ×

 g A B
  g A

A C

A B
C B
A B 
C
  
  
CH

I CH C  H  g

II
III
  g

 



    
g mL K    

          
    
  L K CH          
   

C  H II III

CH  X

 K III
CH K

A D

A B B C
A B B D
B C A B
B D A B
B D B C
X g X g

a b

B A 
a b c mL A
C D
c 
B D 
a


     

mL mL mL mL mL

 X  HO 


A
g  L K X

K  HO
L K
  

X  
  HO   g
         
X 
A 
 압력 
X  
절대 온도

KClO 
MnO  
I
O
II

 
X

A B
B C 
A C

g
 L
K mmHg mmHg  
     

O  O  

CO 
O   
O  

 × ×


 
 × ×
L K

CO 

CO 

A B
B C 
A C
J K He mL
He A  AB

B의원자량
 mmHg  A B 
A의원자량
cmHg
       
    
  


  C K

 X 

X 
K

X  X 
g
 mL

 L K
  
  

 
 

 
 

 

Mg  HCl K A


H 

H 
 mL
 K
K  K

 L K K
H 

           
     
        A
   


  


gL   

 ×
    

A B

A B

mol

L K
  
  
B의분자량   

A의분자량
 ×
  
         
  
A
 Lmol K X Y


A  


      
Y X 

A
A 

 

 g  g  mL  K 
    

    

A K
X  Y 


부피

X Y 
 나에서 Y 의 밀도 
 
가에서 X 의 밀도 
Y   K

    L

A 
 K  A

 L

 X  Y  K
J cm Ne
atm gL
J
X    
Y     cm cmHg
K


 

 
         
 

K Ar

Ar g

K
Ar

Ar L

    


A B C

X Y
Y X 

A B 
B L
C 

He Ne

 He Ne
Ar

a
b cmHg

 cm
Ne He
He Ar 
He 
A 

A 
He Ne C  N
Ne

He Ne

a a
B  N Ne  
b b
B 




       N  g
B He
  N  g Ne 
 


He Ne      L

He Ne  A B

 B gL
       
A B

 K X  g L
Y  Z

a

b


X Z X  Y  Z X Z

  


 
A B 
A 
  
A B g
B B
B

A
I He II He Ar

I
L B의 분자량
 A B
A의 분자량

II He Ar He  Ar
    

 
 
 
 

    

He Ar

 He Ar
He Ar He Ar

X   a
He  b
X He  

나에서 전체 기체의 밀도

가에서 전체 기체의 밀도
  
         
  

 He 

    


K A C I II
 K I  K

A C A C


 

    

 
 
 
 

II의 He의 압력 
 
I의 He의 부분 압력  
Ar  

  

X Y
Z He

X
X Y
He
X He

X 의 부분 압력 

Y 의 부분 압력 

L
 
 




X 

Y  g  L



b
Y He L
 X Z

X Z
K X Y Z
H  He

K
H 

He  BC
X Z Z
AB CD 
H He  

H  He
 

  L

Ne Ar
Ne X 

Ne Ar  
atm Lmol K


 gL


X   atm


X 
 K I
A C 

I  K

I II  K

II K II


I  A B C   
I  B C   
II  C   

    

 
 
 
 

X Y Z
X   Y →Z
X   Y →Z
X Y
A C
a b
L X Y

 B

  

    
B

 

X Y 
B Y
Z 

C  CH O
CH
CH CO 


CH  


CO   

HO 

    

 
 
 
 

K CH   CH

CH  O   CH   O  →CO    HO 

O


CH O

CH   O  →CO    HO 


CO  

 
O   
CO  

K  
L C O  
cmHg

H O

 H 

 
H O   C

C

L
H O  
C 
 

 
 


C  H O

A  B→C

A B B


CO 

CO  CO 
 
     A B
 
  
   
   B

  A 


      
      


A B 
C

SO  N
CaO
SO  N

N의 몰수

SO 의 몰수

  
    
  
X   Y →Z  A  B→C

X Y

A
a
b
a b
a b
 
C 
c 

c  He L

  L   L




Ar 
   
     B
   

He  A    

K CH O He
a CH
b

K CO 
K    L
    

 
 
 
 

C  A B C D

A  B→C
A  B→C  D  
A g B g
C
B g K
C A B

B
C

L C
 
a a
 
b b
II A B

II B C D
II
AC 
K 

  
        A B
    

A B C

A  B→C

A C
a
b

L C 
 

    

 
 
 
 

A B C K A B C

A  B→C  
A B
A  B→C 


A
C

 B

 

     B


A

L A
A B C D  
 

A  B→C  D  


 ×


K   
    
A He   

B B A

B C D He
He의 부분 압력
 
B의 부분 압력
K L

A

B

  
    
  
A B C C  H


A  B→C He
CH  O  
 
A B

 CH 

 

He
 L
C C
 L CO   
He L


 
 


  
    
     
    
  
A  B→C 

A  B→C 
K I II
A B He  A B

a B  A

b  A
B의 부분 압력

He의 부분 압력

B  II 
B의 부분 압력
 
He의 부분 압력 C
 L



   × 
     
  

    

A B C

A  B→C  
A B

K

  K


C 

      
    
X A C
 

A  B→C  D  


A  B→C 

K A B He

K A B


X

A B


 K

D  

C atm


    

I B 

K    Lmol

A B C

A  B→C
 
L
A B

C  mol 


A B C

A  B→C 
K C
A B

      
C 
C g  atm
AB B의 분자량
× 
    A의 분자량
   
    
        

 
 
 
 

A  B→C  A  B→C

K A g
B A g A B He

B  atm

A A B


 K

 K A B B  atm
He L

 × 

     
 K  atm 
 
 
 
 

가 과정의 실린더에서 A


 atm
다 과정 후 강철 용기에서 A

    

 
 
  


A  B→C
B  D →E

I II A B
D 
I

D 

E 

 
C
  
    
  
A B

A B

AB
AB
BA

A B

A B

D C C A B
HO   
A B
HF   
mmHg A B
CHCl    
I   

 
A B C
I HF
HO CHCl A C

C
A
B
CHOH A B mL

A  
A mL   a
B A

 A B

A B

 A B
A B

A B
B A
B A

NH N CO
  
C    

N  C


NH CO
CH HO SiH PH
   
C      

  

A D
 A D
A C

A D
A 
B  
C   HA
D   HB
HD H C

A C
B C

D B C
 

A B C D E

C     
mm     

A E

A B A C A D B D C E

XH a f
X
X C N O
Si P S

c
f H S
a b

F O N H
F O N

⋯⋯


 AB 
A CD

H O  X
Z X Z

Y
AB A B
CB Y Z B
H O He
I
L
 I
II

I II
He
 

 II L
b He II I
C g HO  II I

 A C
A C

B A
C A

A C

ABC ACB BAC


BCA CAB

N
 K

 K

K  K
 gmL  

K

    

 
 
 
 

  X 
X HX
Br CCl ICl

Br ICl Br CCl


CCl ICl Br CCl ICl

A D
C  H O

A C I
B C
D C II

HO HO 


HO 
 

K mmHg I HO
  II C
  II 

A D

A D F Cl
HCl HBr
A D

 mmHg  B HCl
HO   D C

   C HO  HO

C
NH   
PH   
AsH   
SbH   

NH
PH AsH
SbH

HO  HO 


A B
BC H O

 F Cl HF HCl

 X Z

X Z CH CHOH
CHF
X Z


Z CHOH
X  Y 

Cl F
HF
HCl Cl
A

C H O

C A B
A B
C C

X Y C C
X Y
 mmHg X A
A B
A B C 

HO A

A
X  Y 

X  Y  A

       A
A
X  C X  Y 
XH A
g
A
X P S Cl A

g A
P S Cl    A

SiH
HF

CH NH SiH PH

HO
C        

CH
 HO
HO  g


I II III
O HCl F CHCl CF
    
C         

H C N 
 

CO  CH N NO NF

HF F 

   
   
 

A B A C B C A B C
  C  C

g C C

CHCHO CH CHOH


  
A C 

 C




C  mL

C


A
C  A B A

C

B A C


C
Jg C A B
C A 

mL   

A
A C
A C H F Cl

A
AB AC

AC
C B
BC

C  A B


A B

 

HO HBr Br


  
C B A
C


C
Jg

H O HBr C Jg C

Br HBr

  
A C H HO OF

  

B OF
A C 

X g C
 g X X C
X


  C

 
X  X 

  C C g X kJ X


C
C HO   CH CHF
HO  CHNH
CHOH HO  X Y

    

X
 HO →HO 
Y C  H CHF

HO 의 몰수 
 C 
HO 의 몰수

C CHOH

HO

a
C  H O

b
  K
A B NH N

NH N NO I He  mL
II A
  
II
A  mL
I

A N
NO

B

  mL
  mL

B의 증기 압력
K  He
A의 증기 압력

   
 XH     
   
X C O Si P S

  

 X Y
F Cl

HX HY X Y

C      

Cl  F

X F
  
HX
 HO H O HO 
HO  HO 

HO

C HO  HO 

C g HO  g HO 

HO   g C C

C  A B



N NO

NH    
C    
C       A

 C   
B
H N O   

N
NH
 
Jg C B  A
BA

HO




  





A
HO 
 HO 

HO 
HO  HO 
 HO 

A
B
C C
H O HF F
I III   
C    
I II III I II III
A B C A C B
B A C B C A
C A B

 HO HO 


HO 

HO  

HO  

H O  g

A B
B C
C D A
HO 
HO  g 

분자당 결합 B의 평균 개수
C HO  
분자당 결합 A의 평균 개수

C HO  HO 


HO  C C

HF NO O Cl
   
C       

Cl O
NO O NO

HF
A
B

CsCl NaCl
A B

A X Y 
B A
A B

Cl
 Cl  Cs
CsCl

Cl 

Cl Cs 

A B AB 

A B

AB 

B Na 
A B

A B
ABO  ABO  ABO 
ABO  ABO 

Na NaCl

Na Cl 
Na 
Na 
Na Cl 

Na Na

  Fe

  Fe



Na 
X Z

 

 


X Z 

X Y Z X Z Y
Y X Z Z X Y
Z Y X

A B

AB AB AB AB AB

A B C X



A B C X

ABCX  ABCX  ABCX 


ABCX  ABCX 
 Ca CaO
  


나의 단위 세포에 포함된 이온 수


A D
가의 단위 세포에 포함된 이온 수

  
    
   Ca  O  
Ca
Ca 


A C A C Fe
  HO NaCl

A C  A
BC

A C

A B C

A B 

A B
AB AB AB AB AB

A ACl X 

  X 
cm
X  g X 
g

X   cm X

나의 단위 세포에 포함된 A 이온 수


A     
가의 단위 세포에 포함된 A 원자 수     
    

  
    
  


ABCD A′B′C′D′
A C


B C 
 

B C B C

    

X Y
ABCD
X Y

 I

I  II

III

X 
Y  

 IV ZnS
V 

S 

 
 


A C A C Al HO
KCl

A C A
B C

A C

B KCl
C
A C
 A B
A B
A B


B 
AB

II  I  II
B 
A

 

I II
A D
I II
I 
AB



X  A B
X  A B
 A

X 
A B

AB
A


B
A 
AB
X Y
X Y X
Y

A B

A B
 
X
B A 

A B
  

A B

B A
A B
B의 밀도
 
A의 밀도
ABC A B A B


A B
A C
 

 
 

A B

A C A
BA
B의 밀도
C  
A의 밀도
A
A 

 A B

A의 원자량

B의 원자량
    

 
 
 
 



M NaOH

NaOH  g L
M NaOH

 



 
mL mL
 
M NaOH

HSO 
NaOH  M NaOH
 NaOH 

   
   
   
 

gmL 
g
mL A

 mL A

A mL

A
M HSO  

A M





mL C

mg   

  

gmL Ca 


g
 mg
ppm
L mol

NaOH

NaOH g
mL A

mL A

 × M NaOH A

NaOH 
mL  NaOH
 g mL A
M NaOH M
 mL
mL
mL

 × M NaOH

M HCl 

NaOH   M NaOH


gmL


 
 
 M NaOH  
  ×
가 나

나 
가
L g M
mL g X  
g g X  
gmL gmL Y  

  gmL

   

 


 M KHCO  mL

g

mL A
A
ppm
A
gmL

 ppm
KHCO    M KHCO   ppm
gmL  ppm
 ppm
 ppm
 
A

 M KHCO   
  
C  M A

g A g
g L
g g mL

L
A 


M
A 
 M

g NaOH
 g
mL

gmL
NaOH 

 ×  M
 NaOH  kg M NaOH
 ppm
mL


A
g g gmL  M
 
    

 
NaOH 

g
   
 gmL
    
 
H O   X kg X

가의 몰농도M
 H O   X g X 
나의 몰농도M
X
    
  

   
   
  
       
   

 M NaHCO  mL

 mL
C
A
NaHCO 

 mL
NaHCO 
 g A 
 mL

A
 
NaHCO  

g 

→ →
  
A M NaOH
A
  gmL

A 
 


NaOH
 M NaOH

NaOH A C 
A A
A B C
  gmL
    M
 g  g  mL A
 M 
g   
  M NaOH
A g   
A B A C B C
 
 M NaOH mL   
  
 
NaOH 

NaOH A C 
  
   
A A KHCO 
A 

KHCO   g  mL

 mL  mL

 × M

 gmL

 gmL
KHCO  

M
  

 


 Cd A
Cd
 A g
ppm
A g  g 

A g M  mL
Cd
    
mgkg

Cd Cd
A   gmL

    

A 


X Y

g  
 M
X g  g  

Y L  
gmL

   
   
 

A g  g I
g g II
A

II A ppm ppm
A
    

 NaOH

NaOH 

NaOH
C  HNO  
g  mL 
HNO  gmL M
g g   
 mL g 

     

    


 M NaCl HNO 
NaCl 

 mL HNO  
NaCl g
C M HNO   gmL

 HNO    g g


g
 mL
g
 mL
NaCl g
 M NaCl

 HNO    M  


    
         
    

C

  
    
    

 X 

mL g M gmL
gmL A  X      

 X   mL g
A  

   ×

     


HCl C A

HCl 
C  HCl gmL  A g mL

C  HCl  mL  M


 g
HCl  L
 mL
    

 
 
 
 

A

A M 

C  M A  gmL

ppm

ppm  g g
 g  g
 g
 ppm
A 
  
    

  A  g   A   A


A  X 
X 

 

   
g
   

   
     
   
 
HSO  NaOH

 NaOH g


 gmL   NaOH mL

 mL
 gmL  M NaOH
 HSO   mL
M HSO    L  C  NaOH 
 gmL

         

A
A 

A
A  M A gmL
g g
  
M   
 g A g
×
A  mL
 
    
 
A  mL  mL

  A  g

CHO 
A  X g
 X CHO  
HO 

 X  CHO  

A  
X  X 
A  M
HO   HO  
CHO    CHO   
CHO   
 g A B

A B
g  
 
C g  
C  
C   A B A B

    


C

A B
 A B

C A B
A B
mL M

A B 

 
A mL B
mL
 
g

B
A B 
C A B
X
Y

g  
g C C
A    
B  
C   

  
Y  C

A B   
 X  C
 

C   
Y X  C

A B

A
B A 

X Y

Y X 
 B A
Y B g
K  A g mL
C
 A
A  L K

  
 
mL C A B
U A B

C A  mmHg
B에서 설탕의 몰분율 
 
A에서 설탕의 몰분율 
B A
mL

g A B g
CHO  g

mL

CHO  g

 

A B
P
Q g

 

mL 
K X A B
g  X g

X g mL
U X
X

X 

X mmHg


B X
X 
L K X X 

        mm


  
   


A g
 f

g  C
A g  B g  X   
g
A g  B g  Y   
B g  C g  f C   
A g  C g

A C

Y X

A B  A
 


A B X  X g Y g
X X  A B B
X X   X
A B A B Y

X  Y

b f
C C C C
X B
X B
A  B    

A b C
X 
A B 

C  C
     

X Y   
C
X g g C
Hg  mm A     

B      

C    



gmL
   
    
   
X Y g g
Y
 mm

X Y  C  M
A

 X Y

       A 
X g g C
mmHg

 
C 
C gmL

C
A B

X  M
 gmL  C
 C X


  



 
   

 

   
  

A B
C 
A 
A B  A A

g g C
A    
B    

A의 분자량
 A B
B의 분자량
    

 A

    
         
    

C

C  mmHg

 
 

X
  mm
mmHg X
 

    
X C 
A B

X  
mL g K A B
      
  
  

   L K  A B
C A B

X  C A 




 kg X Y g
A X Y

C

 A X

A g X g C
  
 

X의 질량
 X Y
A K C X Y의 질량

 A X
       

      
 
A C
   
 
     
 
A  A

 mL M A  mL

 C

f A
 gmL A  gmL C 

 A

    
 g 
 
 
 
 

 


 g A  g A g
B
A B C
A B g
C

A B X Y
  C

X Y 
A B  P Q 
   C
   C
 X  g A B C 
A B

A g A B g
B mL
A   
g B   
C       
B B g

A B

   A B 
X   C A B

  C

X Y

AB
B A 
A A 
C  g X Y I III
f C C

g
X  Y  C


I    

 C X
II    
 C 
III    X 

  X Y X g g


        
     

 
 
 
 

  

 X

    
         
    
 g A g A
 B g A
 

A A 
A  

A B
    

 
  
 g  
B A 

  g A K
X Y A X g Y  g
g
 
     g X Y
Y X
   
A 

g
A  C
X Y
  
 
 
 K X Y
     × X Y X Y
Y b  K
  
       
C U
  
  
 용매

mmHg C

     
    
 

C 

용매        

X X Y Y Y

    

   X

 X Y
mmHg

   
   

가에서 X의 몰분율
 X
나에서 X의 몰분율

     C 

 
 
 
 

X A D

 A D

X M

B    

A C    

f AD   


C  C  HO 
A He A
B
     C HO 


g
A의 몰수
 A B
B의 몰수

   
    
   
A
He A

    

 
 
 
 


X 

C  
 
mmHg   

    

 
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
C A C C g
A
 g A C
X Y 

A



A 

X Y

B
A C C
 g Y g 


X f
I II

X Y
  kg  A
g  g  g B  g  g  g II
 P  
A B B의 몰랄 내림 상수 
 
  A의 몰랄 내림 상수  
g      
C          

 C A B

    


A

X Y

K M
X  
X  Y  X   
Y   
  Y  
 C  

 
X 


 C

   

   
A  
X Y

  
 X  Y 

A B

C
g g
 A   
 B   

A B



  
C g A g




I II A B g
A B A B

 A


    
         
    

   A  B 
  
    

 A B

A B
  
 A B g  
 A B
B A  A B X 

C
g

A  

B   

B  

A B
X


A B
A B

 C B

K HO  He X


A
  X   b
C

 
g
X
 
g

X
He
A

  

He  C

HO

C   mmHg
HO  
HO   X 


 X  X 

  X    C
C  X    
 HO g

A E HO g 
A B C D E

 





NaOH

  
g C
NaOH g

  C

NaOH  Jg C


 NaOH   kJmol
g NaOH kJmol 





C HCl NaOH NaOH 

I C g NaOH g


I  M HCl mL
 M NaOH  mL II C M HCl g NaOH g
 kJ
III C M HSO   g NaOH g
II  M HCl mL
NaOH g
 kJ

I II III
NaOH  C   

 Jg C gmL


  
   kJmol

I II
I kJ
  kJ
 

C  


HCl NaOH HSO  
  
kJ      

C 

HSO  
HCl HSO   
g HCl
L HCl  NaOH 
kJ
CO  HO I
I
CO  
HO 
CO 

H O

H O

HO

 
NHNO 

C
NHNO  
NHNO  

 

C 

   


   
   
 
K Br
KBr

  

kJmol kJmol
HO  
CO   
CHOH  

 

  H  kJmol 


     
CHOH  O   
CO    HO 

K kJmol
KBr  kJ

  
C 흑연 O  →CO     kJmol NH    O  →  N   HO    kJ
  
C 다이아몬드 O  →CO     kJmol 
H    O  →HO    kJ

N →N   kJ
H →H   kJ

NH    kJmol

NH kJmol
N  H 


C C

C  CHOH C 
CHOCH  
CO   HO 
 
kJmol kJmol HO  
CHOH    
CHOH  
CHOCH    

HO      


C 
  
  
  
CHOH→CHOCH 

 CHOH CHOCH 
C  

 

O  →O    kJ


O  →O      kJ
  
NO   O  →NO  O      kJ

 HO  HO 

C 

N   H →NH  


NH   HCl→NHCl 
N   H   Cl →NHCl 

 kJ HCl ∘

  
  × O             
 
 

NO  →NO   O   
             

 



     kJ
      
C   C  


CH  

CO   

HO  

         



CO    
 CH 

O H      

       

C 
C  


CH  

NH     kJmol 
CH  
NH   O  →N   HO   
  kJ CH   H →CH    
H   O     HO 
C    C  H CH
 
H   F →HF    kJ
 kJ  kJ
F   HCl→Cl   HF   kJ
CH   
HH H  Cl Cl  Cl CH   
kJ   


        

  
CH  CH  
CH →CH   

C  CaCO 
 
CaCO  →CaO   CO     kJ

C NO O 
 f

NO   O  →NO    O      kJ


NO  O   NO  
 f kJ   

      


CaO    kJ
C흑연   kJ

C C흑연


C  HO    kJ


 CO 
OO 

kJ
HH 
CO    
OH 
OO     

OO  
CO  kJ    

  
      
C O   
XY    Z →X Z   Y Z   kJ
O   kJ
O  →O   kJ

O   kJ

       
    
   
   

Y Z kJ
X Z

     


  
  
C 
    
N   O  →NO     kJ 
N   O  →NO     kJ

C

C   

NO    kJ

NO   O  →NO    CHOH CO   HO 
 kJ
    
kJ

 
kJ

CHOH  
         

C   

C NaH

kJ H  kJ


C ≡C
NaH  kJ
CC H  e →H      kJ
 
Na→Na   e   kJ
C ≡C CC 
    NaH→Na   H 
         
   

kJ kJ kJ kJ kJ
C    N H

H H
NH  
HNNH
NH   kJ

HH NH N ≡N NN


kJ    

 
    

HO     kJ


HO     kJ

HO  →H  O  


 kJ

C 
C  HO 


C  

A B A C B C A B C

H   O  →HO     kJ


HO     kJ
HH  kJ
O H  kJ

O   kJ
    
C  
H   NH →NH    kJ
C 흑연  O  →CO     kJ
NH →NH     kJ
H   O  →HO     kJ
CH   O  →CO    HO     kJ

C  H NH NH

HH NN NH NH


kJ    
C 흑연 kJ


HO     kJ

                  
CH     kJ
             

C  

C  A B 
 
C흑연  H →A    kJ
B  O  →CO    HO     kJ
A→B    kJ
C 

A   kJ


A B
A   kJ
NO   

NO    

NO    NO →NO  

     

C   C 

CH   O  →CO    HO    


C흑연 O  →CO     
H   O  →HO    

C 

C CO   CH  HO  

CH   
CH       
 HO 
 

C 

 C

C 
C 

 kJ

HO     kJ 
     
  CO   
O H  kJ

CaCO   

CCl   F →CF   Cl 


NaOH HCl NaCl HO 

 C

CCl  F  CF  Cl 

      I NaOH HCl


kJ
II NaOH
III

C  Cl FF CF Cl  Cl

  HCl


kJ
NaCl
FF Cl  Cl NaOH HCl
 NaOH HCl
        NaOH HCl

C CH 


C C H  A B
C CH →C  H   kJ
A B  
A B
C 흑연 C H CH 

   
kJ

C

C 흑연  kJ


H  kJ
B
  
  
C CO   HO 

  kJ

C  S  C 

C

CH     kJ

C S HO     kJ

CH   kJ HO 


 
  kJ


      

O   SO  
S 사방황  O  →SO  

C 

CH →C흑연  H  


CH →CH   H  
CH →CH   H  
C  NH 

N   HO →NH   O      kJ CH   CH     CH 

HH OO OH

kJ    H  C흑연



NH  kJ
    
  
    

     CH 


C  C 

NO  NO   N  O  


HH HF FF NH N ≡N kJ    
kJ    
    
kJ C

NO   O  →NO  


 kJ
HF NH  NF 
N  kJ
    

C 
C 

C
C

HO →HO  kJ


HO  
HO    kJ

HO       O H    kJ

C흑연     
C
C C

kJ  
kJ   

  
C C 흑연→C 다이아몬드
  kJ

C

SO   O →SO     kJ


SO    O →SO      kJ
SO   O  →SO      kJ
C
C O  

SO   SO   kJ

   
SO    O  →SO   
    kJ
A B
A⇄B 
NO  NO  M
A B
A
NO  ⇄NO   M  
L M  
 
NO  NO  I II A 

III

 
B A 

 


II

I II NO 
NO  II III A  B⇄C

A C



A B    

AB    

molL    


A   B ⇄AB   

molL
A  B  AB  

  
A B C
A  B⇄C
L A  B 
A 


B 

  ×



A B C A B K
 
A  B⇄C     
A⇄B  
A C 
A B

   L K

 
  
  
 
  L

 


C 

A B C
A  B⇄C
A C

M
A B C
  
  
  

A
A B C A B C

A  B⇄C  A  B⇄C 


A B L
A


I A B
C    I C
 II

C
  
AB

I  



I  
  


II I  B 


C A B C

A  B⇄C 
C L A C 
C

 
 

A B C C CO  CO

C  CO  ⇄CO  
A  B⇄C
 L CO  
C
    C
 
 gmL
A C

a a
 C O     
b
L
   
    
   
I C  M
II III C M


    

K A B C


A  B⇄C  

A
A⇄B
   A B





A
 



A B C

A  B⇄C 
 A C K 
I II A  B⇄C  
I II 
III 

C
I

A C 


 

   
 A M  

III C 

K



C 

PCl
B
PCl ⇄PCl   Cl    
L
Cl 

A B C
 
A  B ⇄C  
L A B

  L K  

PCl 
PCl 
 


  A C

    
C HO  CO  H  A K

C  HO ⇄CO   H  
A⇄B  C  

K   A
 I II
K

   L

gL
I II

 

    

 
 
 
 


H C O   

I HO  
I II C g

  

A B C
 
A  B⇄C 
 A B


C  

  
A 

    

 
 
 
 

A B A B C
A⇄B  
A B I A  B⇄C 
Ne   I II
II II B I II
 A
 I II K

I II
 
A  
 


II


II 
 
 
 

 


A B C

 K

A  B⇄C  
 K A B M

K


  
 C
A M
A B A B C

A⇄B  A  B⇄C  
 A

B의 몰수
 L I I B 
A의 몰수
II
  

   I C  II A 

  
I II
  
 × K  
  
     
L 

  
    
  

A B C



A  B⇄C 

K 


He  B M
A  C 
A 
A B C

A
molL

A  B⇄C

A B  I
A C
I B  II
A
II III 
C

  

B C 

molL

I II III
A  
C  
A B C

A  B⇄C

I III
  

I
C

 III II 

II C 
 
A B C X Y
X ⇄Y    
A  B⇄C    X Y
 
C

 

 
 
 

I II

 
 II I
X

A
B C

A⇄B  C   
Hb
L A C

 I
II  HbH   O  ⇄HbO   H    

 HbO 
 B pH
II B C  O
A B C A B C

A  B⇄C A  B⇄C    


L A B A B 
C
 

K L C
I   
II   
III   

II I
   
   III C
 
 

A B
  NO  A⇄B    

NO   O  ⇄NO      
 
He


   L

  
 
A 
O  
He
NO  NO  A B C

NO  ⇄NO      A⇄B  C    

C  A
I III

A
L
I    

II    

III    

   

   
   
NO 
 

NO  

A B C
A 
A  B⇄C A⇄B  C 
A B A B A
I II A
B 

L
K A의 질량
A B C 
B의 질량
   
 
 

I   

II   



  
 

    
A B  A B
A⇄B    
A B A⇄B     
   L 
B B A A B
M

A M B M
  
 

  
  
  A B 
  

A B C
A B  A⇄B  C    
A⇄B  A B C
A
 

K
gL
 

   

    


 
 A 
  
  A 
    
 
K A B C A B C
 
A  B⇄C  A  B⇄C  
K L A C
B   
I II

 
A     
 
  
  

II  

A B C
 
A⇄B  C    

  
A

  
에서의  
 
에서의  
He   
B A
A

A⇄B  C  
A⇄B  K A

K  K
L  A I 
A B A B
I A  II

II III

I

II

A B
I      

 
 
 
 

II  
III 

II  
  
    

C 

A⇄B  C   
X ⇄Y       

A X 
C


A 
A B C A B C
 
A  B⇄C  A  B⇄C  
 A  B  K A B
I I  K
II III I III C
  

평형 III에서의 평형 상수

평형 I에서의 평형 상수
    

C
  

 

A B C
 
 A B
A⇄B  C      


 A C
A⇄B  
I II
  A 
정반응 속도
  I A 
역반응 속도
 에서  
 
에서  

B
L

   


  


   

I 

II  

I 
  
A      
  
A B A B C
A⇄B  
  K A  A  B⇄C  
I   C K
I K II 
 K

I II
K L C
K  

   
L    

   
A    

   


   L

         
     
 평형 나에서의 평형 상수 
 K A   
 평형 가에서의 평형 상수 

B 

A B C

A  B⇄C 

C
    

 
 
 
 

A B C

A  B⇄C   
 K A B
I I
II III A A

I C
B II I

A
A

A C

 
    
 B C A

X 

CO  C

CO 
C

X
X 

 
 
 K CO  

 C

X HO
K HO

  
 K X  
K
mmHg

  

  

  

  

 K
HO

HO A B
HO
HO

B  A
 K A H O
B HO  K
X
X HO CO 

C
 
 
 

X HO
  
  

CO  A C
A C A C
I III A C CO 
C

II A
 CO   B
C CO  
C HA 

C
HA  HO ⇄A   HO     × 

HF  HO ⇄HO   F     × 


C   × 
CN   HO ⇄HCN  OH     × 

HA HO 
 
C w   ×
M HA pH 

A    × 

F H O 
HF HCN
HF NaF 

C HA MOH MA
pH C w
 
 ×

HA MOH MA

M   

pH   


    

C

NaCl NHCl CHCOONa


NaCl CHCOONa NHCl HF  HO ⇄F   HO     × 
NHCl NaCl CHCOONa
CN   HO ⇄HCN  OH     × 
NHCl CHCOONa NaCl
CHCOONa NHCl NaCl

C   × 

HO  HF

 CN  F
C  M NaCN pH 
C HA HB C HA HB HC 


HA  HO ⇄A   HO     × 
HB  A ⇄B   HA   
HB  HO ⇄B   HO     × 
 
HA  C ⇄A   HC   
 
HB  C ⇄B   HC 

AB
BA
 M HB HB   × 
a HC  HB
C HA  B ⇄HB  A 
  ×    

C HA B  M NaA
 M NaB pH
 C
HA  HO ⇄HO   A     ×  A B b


B  HO ⇄HB   OH  
    ×  × 
 M HA에서 HA의 이온화도
HA HB
 M HB에서 HB의 이온화도
HA  HB  C C C
w  ×   w  × 
    

B A
HA  M   × 

  × 
C  M NaA M HB

C
C w
 
 ×

 
OH 
 M NaB    ×
HO 

HA  B ⇄HB  A 


 

M HA
 M HB

HA HB

HA
 × C
A 
    
 M HA mL  M NaOH  mL

C pH

pH
M HA mL MNaOHmL 
MHBmL MNaOHmL 
C

C
 
pH 
HA   ×  NaA pH
M HB HB   × 
B  H 

C pH  HA mL
BOH C HX HY
HA BOH C HY a  × 
w  × 

mL M pH
HX    
HY   

HX  HY
HX   NaOH pH
C 

HA  M HY   M NaOH  mL pH


C 
 
 M BOH mL
B  A 
C  M HA NaOH HCl C HA  M NaOH
C HA

a  ×

mL
pH
HA NaOH
  
  
 
C HA   × 

C w  × 
Na   H 

pH HA A 
 
OH 
  ×
HO 

HCl HA  mL M



NaOH NaOH A C  M HA  mL  M NaOH
P pH 

 M NaOH
HO 
mL mL OH 
   ×
   ×
  

C w  × 

C w
 ×  C HA   × 
pH 

A b  ×    × 

Cl 
P  
A 
Q OH    M
 M HA  mL C 
M NaOH  mL

 mL pH
HA  
HB  ×  


M NaOH   mL HO 


  C
 M HA H   ×  M 

     
 ×   ×   × 
II M NaOH  mL   
 ×   × 

C HA  mL  M NaOH 


C HA NaOH
mL

A 
pH 
HA NaOH HA
 M  mL M mL  
C M  mL M  mL 
C w  ×
  C C
w  × 

A b  ×    
 M NaA OH   ×  M HO 
C M HA    ×
OH 
   ×
HA HB NaOH
HB a

C  ×

w C  × 


C


 

B 
 
HB
   × 

HA HB C


a

HA  HO ⇄HO   A  a  


 
HB  HO ⇄HO   B  a   × 
 M HA
mL  M HB  mL
M NaOHtaq  mL

w C  × 


C

   × 
  
 M NaOH  mL pH 
A→B I II
A 
A→B

 


I II

I II





 A B C

 
A B C  

A
 
B

C A
 
 
A B N  H  X NH 

X
  
X
X
N   H →NH 

A B
C

A→B

A B
I II

   

  
I II A
A B
 A→B
A
C C
B A



a

A B
A→B 
 A
I II A→B
I III
I II A
A M K
I  
II  
III  

I II A
 I II
 III I
I  II a III II
I  II
II C
A B C

A→B  C 
 A
I III

I  
II  X  
III  

A B C A B B C
  
 I II
X 


A C

CH  H  X CH 

 M  mL
 mL  M
M  mL
g   mL
CH   H →CH 
  
X
X

A B A B
A C C A
C A
A B HO 
A→B HO  →HO   O  
A
I III A E
I III B
A

I 

II 
A E 
III 

A B A C A D B D C E

  
II I
I III

C X ⇄Y 

 
A

A→B 

A B A C
B C A B C
A B

A→B
 A
I III I III
B

A
M

I  

II  

III  


  
A 
X Y
Z Z
       
A B C
X →Z   X 
A  B→C Y →Z   Y 
B A Z     
X Y M
X  Z 
Y 

  AB X Y X    M
Y   
 A  M

   
 X  aM
 X   M M 

NO  O

C A B C
NO    O  ⇄NO    O   A B
A  B →C
molL
NO   O   molL s
  ×   ×   × 
A M   
  ×   ×   × 
B M   
  ×   ×   × 

M   

 

 
  NO   O   B

  ×Lmol s


A B C A B C
A→B  C 
A  B→C   A B  A
   B C
  A A
A A
A B


A B
I   
II   
III   

I III

  

 
II  C  
III       

 

A→B
A  B
B 

 M
 A M
A M  A M
A A B C
A→B  C
C A A  B→C 
A   A 
A B
      I
A M      C

A B 
 C g   ⋯ ∞
I    
II    
   II    
  A

I A 
B II I
  

I II
I II

M

A B
A→B
 A

II
II 

 



 B 


 

일 때의 반응 속도 
 
일 때의 반응 속도 
A B C A
A  B→C  A→B   C   A 
 A B K
A 
B

A B      
I    
II    
III    

   

 
   
 
I II 
B
    
I에서 C의 몰분율  
    
II에서 C의 몰분율



 


 

A B C

A→B  C 
A
 B C A B C

A→B  C  
   
 A
    
I II 

초일 때 C A mM B mM C mM


초일 때 B
     
     I       

 
 
 
 
 II       

I에서 A
 
II에서 C
    

 
 
 
 

A B C

A→B  C  
L  A
A A
A

  
 
A   
 

    

   

 A   M

L  A

A   M 


     
A B
A→B
A→X     A
Ne A
B→Y     B  Ne
 A B
Ne
A Ne   
      
I     
A  B M      

X   Y  M     II   

B ×Y   
 
A ×X      

 
 
 
 

   
    
   
A B C
 

A→B  C   A


 A
I II 


  

A B M

I   
II   

I에서 C
   
II에서 A
   
    
   

A C

A→B
C→D 
 A 
C 
  A  C

  
 

 


 


  

 

X Y
X →Y   
A B  X 
X Y
A→B 
   
  A
K X Y
   
   
   
   

A 
 Ms 
 
  M
A   
    

 X→Y
M A
A→B  C
X M
   B
 
  
    
     
B M
     
 
 X  

 
  
   A

  B  M
 A→B A→
B A



A
A
A 
    

 
A

HO 
HO  →HO   O  
H O  O
A B
A→B
  

 A M HO   O

  A mL

I   
II   
III  MnO    

I II
HO  
II       L

III MnO  


 B  M
 B 
A B C  A B C
A A  M B B
  B  M A→B  C
A    A  
A
  
    B

C 

gL

 B  C
  
  
  
A 
  
   L  

에서 초기 반응 속도
    
에서 초기 반응 속도
   
    
   

A→B
B
A→B  C→D 
B M I A  
          II  
I      D 

II     

  
I   

II A  M

  
C 
 M M
 
A B C A B
  
A→B  C   A  A→B   A 
 K I A 
 K II B
  
A  A

 A B A B
  K  K

II에서의 A
 I에서의 A

  
    
  

  
  
   A I II

A→B  C   A


 
A B
  
 K  K 
A→B    A 
I II A 
 A
 I II B I IV I IV A
A A

 A
B

A    

 I  K    

B II  K    

 K I A   K II A


  

A X 
a b 
   
        
       
A B A B
A→B  
  A A
 A A→B   A
B B  A I III
   

   
A B M

B M    
 M       
I     
 L A 
II     
 A
III    
  
M  M  M  M M 
   


    

A B C


a  
A B C  
A→B  C  A→B  C
A  A
    
A
B A
        ∞
A
        
 A

A  M


 분일 때의 순간 반응 속도  a A
 
 분일 때의 순간 반응 속도  
 

 C   
 

 

  C   M

A B C

A→B  C
 A 
A A B
B
B  
 A

    
B
     
 A

A  
B
   
A

X
HCOOH

CO    H   e →HCOOH

O    H   e →HO 


 

  

A
a
  

HCOOH  O  →CO    HO 




MSO  AgNO 

M Ag 

M 
M  g 

HO H

O  

H  CO 
HO  H 
CO 

O

H N CO  NH NO 
A

A A
C A
C C

K  Zn  M HCl L


Zn  L
 L H HCl
 
 L K
 M  M  M M  M

A  

액체의 비열 
 
고체의 비열 


A
B

  A B

 
A⇄B   
 
A K

   
A
   A K
A  M
  
    

     
     
        
     
  
     
HO 

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